In linguistics, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the next-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is second-from-last syllable. In a word of three syllables, the names of the syllables are antepenult-penult-ultima.

Etymology[link]

Ultima comes from Latin ultima (syllaba) "last (syllable)". Penult and antepenult are abbreviations for paenultima and antepaenultima. Penult has the prefix paene "almost", and antepenult has the prefix ante "before".

Classical languages[link]

In Latin and Ancient Greek, only the three last syllables can be accented. In Latin, a word's stress is dependent on the weight or length of the penultimate syllable; in Greek, the place and type of accent is dependent on the length of the vowel in the ultima.

References[link]

Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek Grammar. par. 166, 167.

See also[link]

• Syllable
• Stress (linguistics)
• Pitch accent
  • Acute accent
    • Oxytone
    • Paroxytone
    • Proparoxytone
  • Circumflex
    • Perispomenon, properispomenon
  • Grave accent
    • Barytone

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Kasia Kowalska

Katarzyna (Kasia) Kowalska (b. June 13, 1973 in Sulejówek, Poland) is a Polish pop rock singer/songwriter/producer/actress.

Her musical experience began in the 1980s when she sang as a female vocalist for numerous Polish bands, including Human, Fatum and Talking Pictures. In 1994 she started solo career releasing album Gemini. The album is said to represent her complex personality with the name following her zodiac sign.

In 1995 she took part in the Sopot Festival, where she won Grand Prix. One of the judges was Malcolm McLaren. After that, she released her 2nd album Koncert Inaczej a collection of her live performances and rock and jazz covers.

In 1996 she represented Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest with a song called Chcę znać swój grzech... and finished 15th out of 23 and received 31 points (including 7 from three countries (Turkey, Greece and Bosnia and Herzegovina but very little from the other ones). Afterwards, she starred in a movie called Nocne Graffiti and recorded a song for soundtrack of the movie. She also recorded a song to the soundtrack of a Disney movie, The Hunchback Of Notre Dame - the prayer of Esmeralda.

She got involved in a relationship with Kostek Yoriadis, the future father of her daughter.

On 2 May 1997 she gave birth to her daughter Aleksandra Julia.

In 2001 was nominated for MTV Europe Music Awards as "Best Polish Artist" and won the award.

Kowalska writes all the lyrics for her albums by herself, reflecting in large part her own experiences, usually about disappointment in love. She is known as a true "stage animal" because of her strong vocal abilities and great communication with audiences. She collaborates with some of the best Polish musicians, including the great bass player Wojciech Pilichowski.

On 23 June 2008 she gave birth to her second child, son Ignacy Ułanowski.

Her latest album was released on Nov 10th and is being promoted by the single "A Ty Czego Chcesz".

Discography[link]

(2007)

• 1994 - Gemini

(over 300.000 copies sold)

• 1995 - Koncert Inaczej

("Concert Differently" - over 200.000 copies sold)

• 1996 - Czekając Na...

("Waiting For..." - over 200.000 copies sold)

• 1998 - Pełna Obaw"

("Full of Fear" - over 124.000 copies sold)

• 2000 - 5

(over 95.000 copies sold)

• 2002 - Antidotum"

("Antidote" - over 100.000 copies sold)

• 2004 - Samotna W Wielkim Mieście

("Lonely In The City" - over 70.000 copies sold)

• 2008 - Antepenultimate

("3rd From The Last One", the title is in Latin - over 40.000 copies sold)

All sales: 1.089.000 copies sold

Filmography[link]

• 1997 – Nocne Graffiti (by Maciej Dutkiewicz)

Awards[link]

• 1994 - Greatest Hope of Polish Rock Scene
• 1995 - Vocalist of the Year
• 1995 - Hit of the Year
• 1998 - Song of the Year
• 2001 - Best Polish Music Video
• 2001 - Best Polish Vocalist
• 2002 - Rock Album of the Year
• 2002 - Artist of the Year.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Home of Kasia Kowalska

Rob Andrews
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Jersey's 1st district
Incumbent
Assumed office November 6, 1990
Preceded by	Jim Florio
Personal details
Born	Robert Ernest Andrews (1957-08-04) August 4, 1957 (age 54) Camden, New Jersey
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Camille Andrews
Children	Jackie and Josie
Residence	Haddon Heights, New Jersey
Alma mater	Bucknell University, Cornell University
Occupation	college professor
Religion	Episcopalian

Robert Ernest "Rob" Andrews (born August 4, 1957) is the U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 1st congressional district, serving since 1990. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes most of Camden County and parts of Burlington County and Gloucester County.

Before his election to Congress, Andrews was a member of the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 1986 to 1990, including two years as freeholder director (1988–1990). A native of Camden and graduate of Bucknell University and Cornell Law School, he was an attorney and an adjunct professor at the Rutgers School of Law–Camden. In the U.S. House of Representatives, he serves on the Committee on Armed Services, Committee on the Budget, and Committee on Education and Labor, where he serves as chairman of the Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions.

Andrews was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 U.S. Senate election, being defeated by incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg. In November 2008, he received more votes than anyone ever elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from New Jersey.^[1]

Early life, education, and early career[link]

Andrews was born in Camden, New Jersey, the son of Josephine (née Amies) and Ernest Andrews.^[2] He grew up in Bellmawr, and currently lives in nearby Haddon Heights. He attended Triton Regional High School in Runnemede.^[3] Andrews graduated from Bucknell University in 1979 with a B.A. in political science. He later attended Cornell University Law School, earning his J.D. degree in 1982.

For several years, Andrews was involved in legal education as a member of Cornell Law Review's board of editors. He also was an adjunct professor at Rutgers University-Camden Law School. From 1983 onward, Andrews had a private law practice. In 1987, he was elected as a member of the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders.

He was one of the only three Democrats to sign Grover Norquist's 1996 Pledge to oppose any and all efforts to increase income tax rate for individuals and business, and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits.

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

Elections[link]

In 1990, after a 15-year incumbent Democrat U.S. Congressman James Florio resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives to take office as Governor of New Jersey, Andrews won the 1990 special election with 55% of the vote.^[4] In the general election of 1990, he won again with 54%.^[5] After that, he never won re-election with less than 63% of the vote.^[6]

Tenure[link]

Andrews is generally considered a moderate by Democratic standards. The New York Times has characterized Congressman Andrews as "fiscally conservative...and socially moderate."^[7] Rep. Andrews has a lifetime rating of 17.24 (and a 2007 rating of 0) from the American Conservative Union and a 2007 rating of 100 from Americans for Democratic Action.^[8][9] He has a liberal rating of 76.2 and a conservative rating of 23.8 from the National Journal.^[10]

Rep. Andrews has served for his entire Congressional career on the House Committee on Education and Labor. He was the Democratic leader and Ranking Member on the Education Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations, and is currently the Chairman of the Education Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions which has responsibility for the health insurance, pension and labor laws of the nation. Rep. Andrews also serves on the House Armed Services Committee, which maintains jurisdiction over funding for the military forces.

Using Amtrak to commute from his Haddon Heights home while Congress is in session so that he can be closer to his family and constituents, Andrews does not maintain a residence in Washington, D.C.. Andrews is an ardent supporter of Amtrak subsidies.

Andrews voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006, authorizing the erection of a 700-mile fence across the U.S.-Mexico border.

On October 10, 2002, Rob Andrews was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq (126 Democrats in the House were opposed) and was the only Democratic member of the New Jersey Congressional delegation to co-sponsor the Iraq Resolution.^[11][12] In 2005, he voted in favor of amending the U.S. Constitution to prohibit desecration of the American flag. The proposed amendment was later defeated in the Senate.^[13] In the same year he voted for the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act which makes it more difficult for individuals to declare bankruptcy under Chapter 7 and encourages declaration of bankruptcy under Chapter 13.^[14]

Senators Frank Lautenberg, Bob Menendez,^[15] and Andrews^[16] were the only members of the New Jersey Democratic Congressional Delegation to vote for the Military Commissions Act of 2006. He was also involved in proposing a bill for sanctioning Iran in 2007. The Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007 targets any company or individual that provides Iran with refined petroleum products or engages in an activity that could contribute to the enhancement of Iran's ability to import refined products after December 31, 2007.^[17]

Andrews is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform’s Taxpayer Protection Pledge.^[18]

2008 presidential election

Andrews is a superdelegate within the Democratic Party and prior to the New Jersey primary he endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination.^[19] Following the results from the Indiana and North Carolina primaries Andrews stated that he believed Senator Barack Obama would win the nomination and that the party should unite behind him. However he did not switch his vote as a superdelegate from Clinton to Obama stating that "such a move might 'retard' the process of unifying the party".^[20]

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Armed Services
  • Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
  • Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
• Committee on Education and the Workforce
  • Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training
  • Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions (Ranking Member)

Caucus memberships[link]

• Congressional Arts Caucus

Campaigns for higher office[link]

1997 gubernatorial election[link]

In 1997, Andrews ran for Governor of New Jersey. In the Democratic primary, Andrews was defeated 40%-37%, a margin of just 9,993 votes, by State Senator Jim McGreevey.^[21][22]

Speculation between 1998 and 2007[link]

Andrews was reportedly considering a primary challenge in 2005, before McGreevey's resignation. While Andrews had been frequently mentioned as a possible replacement for Jon Corzine's United States Senate seat after Corzine's November 2005 gubernatorial victory, Bob Menendez was eventually chosen by Corzine to fill the vacancy. Andrews had informally announced his plan to run in the 2006 Democratic primary against Menendez, but in January 2006 announced that he would run for a ninth full term in the House and seek the Senate seat in 2008 if U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg retired.

2008 U.S. Senate election[link]

He decided to challenge incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg in the 2008 Democratic primary in New Jersey. Andrews also announced that he would not seek re-election to his U.S. House district in 2008.^[23] His wife, Camille Andrews stood as a candidate for his U.S. House seat instead, although she said she might withdraw in favor of another candidate chosen by the party.^[24]

Andrews was beaten by Lautenberg in the Senate primary, but Camille Andrews won the Democratic primary for his seat in the House. After losing to Lautenberg, Rob Andrews decided to run for re-election to his House seat; Camille withdrew her candidacy on September 3, and Rob Andrews announced that on September 4 that he would take her place as the Democratic candidate. Despite strong public opinion to the contrary, he maintained that his wife had not been merely a placeholder candidate and said that he had only decided to run for re-election a week before he announced it; according to Andrews, his change of heart was a result of personal reflection: "I just looked deep into what I believe in and decided that this is what I had to do."^[25]

Personal life[link]

Andrews is married to Camille Spinello Andrews, an Associate Dean of Enrollment and Projects at Rutgers School of Law - Camden. They have two daughters, Jackie and Josie.^[26]

Electoral history[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Congressman Rob Andrews official U.S. House site
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Campaign contributions at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Collected news and commentary at The New York Times