Toronto Pearson International Airport
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IATA: YYZ – ICAO: CYYZ – WMO: 71624
Summary
Airport type		Public
Owner		Transport Canada
Operator		Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)
Serves		Greater Toronto Area
Location		Mississauga, Ontario
Hub for		Air Canada Air Canada Express Air Transat CanJet FedEx Express Sunwing Airlines WestJet
Elevation AMSL		569 ft / 173 m
Coordinates		43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 079°37′50″W / 43.67667°N 79.63056°W / 43.67667; -79.63056
Website		www.TorontoPearson.com
Map
CYYZ Location within Ontario
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	ft	m
05/23	11,120	3,389	Asphalt/Concrete
15L/33R	11,050	3,368	Asphalt
06L/24R	9,697	2,956	Asphalt
06R/24L	9,000	2,743	Asphalt
15R/33L	9,088	2,770	Asphalt
Statistics (2011)
Number of Passengers			33,435,580
Aircraft movements			428,477
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1] Environment Canada[2] Transport Canada[3] Movements from Statistics Canada[4] Passengers and Movements from Airports Council International[5]

Toronto Pearson International Airport (also known as Lester B. Pearson International Airport or simply Pearson Airport) (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ) is an international airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada; its metropolitan area; and the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration that is home to 8.7 million people – approximately 25% of Canada's population.^[6] The airport is located 22.5 km (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the bulk of the airport lands located in the adjacent municipality of Mississauga.^[7] The airport is named in honour of the late Canadian Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Lester Bowles Pearson.

Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada, being almost twice as large as Vancouver Airport (which is the second busiest).^[4][8][9] In 2011, it handled 33.4 million passengers,^[5] and 428,477 aircraft movements.^[4] It is currently the world's 23rd busiest airport by international passenger traffic and 18th busiest airport by aircraft movements. In 2006, the airport was selected as the best global airport by the UK-based Institute of Transport Management.^[10]

The airport is the largest hub for Air Canada, making it a major Star Alliance hub airport.^{[11][12][13][14]} It is also a hub for passenger airlines Air Canada Express, Air Transat, CanJet, Sunwing Airlines and WestJet, as well as cargo airline FedEx Express. The airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System^[15] and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance.

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada.^[16] The airport also is a global gateway with 76 airlines to over 150 international destinations in the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa [begins July 17, 2012],^[17] the Middle East and Oceania.^[18]

History[link]

1937–1960[link]

Malton Airport in 1939

Malton Airport in the 1930s

The airport was created from nine farmland properties that were purchased by the Toronto Harbour Commission in 1937. It opened in 1939 as Bishop Field Toronto Airport Malton,^[19][20] named for the World War I flying ace, and its location near Malton, bounded by Derry Road to the north, Airport Road (6th Line) to the east, Elmbank Side Road to the south and Torbram Road (5th Line) to the west.^[21]

The first terminal was built in 1938, a standard frame terminal building from a converted farm house. The airport then covered 420 acres (1.7 km²) with full lighting, radio, weather reporting equipment, two hard surface runways and one grass landing strip. The first scheduled passenger flight to Malton was a Trans-Canada Airlines DC-3 on August 29, 1939.^[22]

From June 1940 to July 1942, during the Second World War, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) operated No. 1 Elementary Service Flying School (EFTS).^[23] An air traffic control centre was added in 1942.

The June 1946 chart shows three runways: the still-visible runway intersection at 43°41′12″N 79°38′45″W / 43.6868°N 79.6457°W / 43.6868; -79.6457 was the west end of the 4702-foot 100/280 (magnetic) runway and the SW end of the 3935-foot 54/234 runway; the NW end of the 4000-ft 143/323 runway was midway along the 54/234 runway.

A terminal similar to the one at the Toronto Island Airport was built along Airport Road in 1949 to replace the first terminal (converted farm house). It could handle 400,000 passengers a year and had an observation deck on the roof. Further expansion saw the expropriation of land south of Elmbank Side Road and west past Torbram Road to Dixie Road. The airport's growth eventually erased much of the town of Elmbank. The runways were 11,050 ft (3,368 m) runway 5/23 (used for test flights of the CF-105 Arrow (Avro Arrow) fighter from the Avro Canada plant); 14/32, a 11,475 ft (3,498 m) runway (replaced by 15L/33R); and 10/28, a 7,425 ft (2,263 m) runway that now is a taxiway.^[24]

The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows three passenger airlines at Malton. Trans-Canada had 55 weekday departures and American had seven; In addition TCA had three departures a week to Prestwick/London via Montreal, five a week to Nassau, ten a week to Tampa and four a week to Bermuda. Canadian Pacific had four DC-6Bs a week to Mexico City.

In November 1958 the City of Toronto sold the airport to the federal Department of Transport; in 1960 it was renamed Toronto International Airport.^[25]

1960–1984[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

A view of Toronto International Airport in 1973, showing the original Terminal 1 or Aeroquay One (now demolished)

The second terminal was demolished in the late 1960s to make way for the Terminal 1 (T1) building. The original T1 (also called Aeroquay One) had a square central structure housing ticketing and baggage facilities topped by a parking garage with about eight levels and ringed by a two-storey passenger concourse leading to the gates. It was designed by John B. Parkin and construction took place between 1957 and 1964.

In 1972 the Canadian government expropriated land east of Toronto for a second major airport, Pickering Airport, to relieve congestion at Toronto International. The project was postponed in 1975 due to public opposition, but the government still owns the land.

Considered state-of-the-art in the 1960s, Terminal 1 became overloaded by the early 1970s. Terminal 2, originally intended as a freight terminal, opened June 15, 1972. The failed development of Pickering Airport forced the airport to modify Terminal 2's plan into a two floor, 26-gate passenger terminal. Initially it served only charter airlines, but it became the hub for Air Canada passenger flights on April 29, 1973. A passenger tunnel with moving walkways at the northwest corner of Terminal 2 connected it with Terminal 1.

The site of Terminal 2 was to have been the location for the planned Aeroquays Two and Three, duplicates of the design of the original Terminal 1 (Aeroquay One), but their inefficiency in handling wide-body passenger aircraft by the late 1960s forced the airport to abandon the circular terminal concept.

Inuksuk sculptures stand in front of the departures entrance at Terminal 1.

Terminal 2 was designed for three airlines: American Airlines, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), and Canadian Pacific Air Lines (CP Air). In the later development stages, it became apparent that it would not be viable in this form with the major complaints being the lack of indoor parking and the lack of windows. As American Airlines, British Airways (which BOAC became part of in 1974) and CP Air opted out of T2, Air Canada, as the government-owned airline, was forced to move its operations there despite objections. Initially, it was operated as three separate areas, befitting the three airlines for which it was designed: the western portion of the building, designed for CP, was the domestic zone; the centre section, designed for BA, was the international zone and the eastern portion, intended for AA, was the base for transborder flights. In the late 1970s, T2 was redesigned again; this iteration lasted until the acquisition of Canadian Airlines by Air Canada in 2000. The western zone remained Domestic, but was later colour-coded red. In the centre, a separate Rapidair area was created for flights to Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and Montreal-Dorval International Airport, which was also red. The East section was the transborder area, coloured white. A new section was added on the east end for international flights and was coded blue. An airside corridor along the southern edge of T2 was added, giving access to and from Canada Customs; this made it possible for aircraft arriving in one zone to depart with passengers from another zone without regating the aircraft.

US Border Preclearance[link]

Preclearance was invented at Pearson in 1952 as a convenience to allow it to connect as a domestic airport to the many American airports that, at that time, lacked customs halls. It was at first a service performed by agents at the gate. American concerns over smuggling between precleared and non-cleared passengers (who at that time shared mixed terminal space) nearly ended the program in the 1970s until a compromise was reached that called for segregated facilities. Today Pearson handles 8 million passengers through preclearance, one quarter of all passenger traffic. As a result Pearson terminals have an unusual bipartite configuration that physically separates transborder from domestic and international passengers from check-in through to boarding. One unintended consequence of this is a more limited selection of retail shops after passing through security, as outgoing transborder passengers cannot use the same airport shops as other passengers (terminal corridors are often separated by a glass partition), reducing the potential customer base for shops by 25%; this results in fewer large shops and restaurants compared to peer airports, and more duplicates of convenience-oriented retail.^[26]

Despite appeals from the GTAA and various levels of Canadian government, reduced staffing levels by U.S. Customs and Border Protection have been blamed for increased wait times at Pearson preclearance, potentially resulting in longer waits in preclearance than at the customs hall of the destination airport and further reducing potential time spent in terminal shops and services. More U.S. airports also now include customs facilities than was the case when the program started. As a result of these changes, preclearance at Pearson has lost some of its original appeal and a competitive advantage over competitors such as Toronto Island and Buffalo has been diminished.^[26]

1984–present[link]

The airport was renamed to Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Lester B. Pearson, the 14th Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Operationally, the airport is often referred to as Toronto Pearson. Terminal 3 opened in 1991, to offset traffic from Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Before its opening, Terminal 3 was the designation for the CP Air hangar at the airport during 1971 to handle the increased volume at Terminal 1.

There is one infield terminal located near the cargo tenants; however, it is not currently used for by any airline or cargo airline.

As part of the National Airports Policy, management responsibilities of the Toronto Pearson were transferred from Transport Canada to the Greater Toronto Airports Authority in 1996. The GTAA commenced a C$4.4 billion Airport Development Program with focus on terminal development, airside development, infield development, utilities and airport support facilities to occur over a 10-year period. Work began to replace Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 with a new Terminal 1, which along with a Terminal 3 would become the two passenger terminal facilities at Toronto Pearson.

To accommodate its growing aircraft volume, substantial redevelopment of the airside and infield systems took place. Cargo facilities were added in the centre of the airport between the parallel north–south runways, to increase capabilities and to offset the loss of the cargo facilities that were removed for the new terminal.^[27] Two new runways were built to increase the number of aircraft that Toronto Pearson can process. A north–south runway, 15R/33L, was added and completed in 1997. Another east–west runway, 06R/24L, was completed in 2002.^[28]

After the September 11 attacks, Toronto Pearson was part of Operation Yellow Ribbon, as it received 19 of the diverted flights that were coming into the United States, although Transport Canada and Nav Canada instructed pilots to avoid the airport as a security measure.

The new Terminal 1 Check-in Hall

The new Terminal 1 opened its piers D and E April 6, 2004. Previously, Terminal 2 had a facility for United States border preclearance and handled both domestic and international transborder traffic. Domestic traffic was moved to the new Terminal 1 when it became operational, leaving Terminal 2 to handle international traffic to the United States for Air Canada and its Star Alliance partner United Airlines.

Terminal 2 saw its last day in operation as a passenger terminal January 29, 2007, and airlines moved to the newly completed Pier F, or Hammerhead Pier at Terminal 1 the following day. Demolition of Terminal 2 began in April 2007 and concluded November 2008.^[29] Terminal 1 was designed to easily accommodate a future expansion. Future projections expect Toronto Pearson to handle 55 million passengers annually by 2020,^{[citation needed]} and Terminal 3 and 1 will also be expanded as needed to service the passengers.

The first landing of an A380 in Toronto was June 1, 2009, operated by Emirates.^[30] Since then, the A380 operates on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from/to Dubai.

Traffic flow is steady at Pearson throughout the year, but during the day, peak passenger, cargo and aircraft movements are between 3:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. daily. Transpacific flights from East Asia peak late in the night, while Transatlantic flights peak during the afternoon. Flights from North America are available throughout the day, however, traffic from North America peaks during the morning hours.^[31]

Terminals[link]

Terminal 1 seen from the ramp

Terminal 1 building

Toronto Pearson International Airport currently has two operating terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. T1 opened April 6, 2004. The old Terminal 1, which closed simultaneously with the opening, was demolished to make room for additional gates at Pier E. Pier F at Terminal 1, which has an enlarged end called "Hammerhead F", opened January 30, 2007, to replace Terminal 2. This pier accommodates for international traffic and adds 7 million passengers per year to the airport's total capacity. Redevelopment of the airport was a logistical challenge as the existing terminals remained operational throughout construction and demolition.

Pearson is one of eight Canadian airports that has United States border preclearance facilities. U.S. Border Preclearance is located in both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3.

As of August 2010, free high speed Wi-Fi internet access is available throughout all passenger terminals at Toronto Pearson.^[32]

Terminal 1[link]

Terminal 1 is designed to handle domestic, international and transborder flights in one facility. The Terminal features three piers: Piers D and E with 38 gates and Pier F with 23 gates. Pier F serves transborder and international flights, replacing Terminal 2 and the Infield Terminal (IFT). A Pier G is slated to be built in the future if demand warrants.^[33]

The terminal was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP, Adamson Associates Architects, and Moshe Safdie and Associates.

All Star Alliance airlines serving Toronto operate out of Terminal 1; however, the terminal is also used by airlines that are not members of Star Alliance. Terminal 1 has 58 gates: 101, 103, 105, 107–112, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 131–145, 151, 153, 155, 157, 160–163, 164A–164B, 165, 166A–166B, 167–181, 191 and 193. Two gates are able to handle the Airbus A380 aircraft. Currently Emirates is the only operator of this type into Toronto Pearson.

Measuring over 464,000 square metres (5,000,000 sq ft), Terminal 1 is the 11th largest airport terminal in the world in terms of floor area.

Along with the standard customs facilities, the terminal also contains a few customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks and are then directed to Pier F. This alleviates the need to re-check bags and go through security and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.^[34]

The infield terminal was built to handle traffic displaced during the Terminal 1 development. The IFT has 11 gates (521 to 531). It is planned to be reactivated once passenger demand rises to a point in which Terminal 1 needs to be expanded again. It has also been used as a location for film and television shoots.

Terminal 3[link]

The platform of the LINK Train's Terminal 3 station

Terminal 3, which opened February 21, 1991, was built to offset traffic from the old Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Terminal 3 was initially advertised as "Trillium Terminal 3" and "The Trillium Terminal". It was built as a private venture and was a state of the art terminal containing, among other things, a U.S. customs pre-clearance facility. A parking garage and hotel is located across from the terminal and is connected to it by an elevated pedestrian walkway. At the time of opening, the hotel was managed by Swissôtel, it was rebranded a Sheraton property in October 1993.^[35] In 1997, the GTAA purchased Terminal 3, shortly thereafter implementing a C$350 million expansion.^[36]

The GTAA Terminal 3 Redevelopment Team (T3RD) was formed to oversee the terminal expansion.^[37] In 2004, the Pier C Expansion opened. In June 2006, the East Processor Extension (EPE) started operations. With a soaring, undulating roofline, the EPE added 40 new check-in counters, new retail space, more secure 'hold-screening' for baggage and a huge picture window offering one of the most convenient apron viewing locations at the airport. Improved Canadian Border services and a more open arrivals hall were included in Phase I of the expansion. Phase II of the EPE was completed in 2007 and includes larger security screening areas and additional international baggage claim areas. The West Processor Expansion Shell was completed by early 2008.^[38]

Most SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines serving Pearson operate out of Terminal 3, along with most airlines that are not affiliated with an airline alliance. Terminal 3 has 39 gates: A1–A6, B7–B22 and C24–C41.

Infrastructure and services[link]

LINK Train[link]

LINK Train
Terminal 1 Terminal 3 Viscount Station (GTAA Low Cost Parking)

In July 2006, the automated LINK Train people mover opened, with two 6-car trains running between Terminals 1 and 3 and the 6A Station, where a reduced rate and airport staff parking lot exists between Airport Road and Viscount Road. A new parking garage, constructed at 6B parking lot, opposite the 6A Station and linked via a bridge across Viscount Road, opened in December 2009 with a capacity of 8,500 vehicles. This is a mixed-use building that accommodates long term parking, employee parking and rental car operations.

Tenants[link]

• Peel Regional Police is the primary general police service at the airport. Airport Division is located on 2951 Convair Drive, on the south side of the airport near the Facilities Building along Highway 401.
• The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) maintain a Toronto Airport Detachment to provide federal police services and is located at 255 Attwell Drive east of the airport in Etobicoke. The RCMP formerly provided policing at the airport. In December 2009, the RCMP was asked to help the Peel force in policing the airport due to the failed bombing incident at the Detroit airport. The Canada Border Services Agency as well as the Canadian Security Intelligence Service maintain extensive operations at the airport.
• The Greater Toronto Airports Authority administration offices are located on the south side of the airport. They were re-located when the original office was demolished to make way for the new Terminal 1's parking facilities.
• Skyservice Business Aviation
• Cara Operations – onboard food catering
• Federal Express - located in the northwest end of the airport

There are two supplies of aviation fuel at the airport:

• Esso Avitat – aviation fuel (Jet A-1)
• Shell Aerocentre – aviation fuel (Jet A-1)

Former tenants at the airport include:

• McDonnell Douglas Aircraft - the aircraft plant was demolished and currently vacant

Lounges[link]

There are several airport lounges at Pearson Airport. Star Alliance, Skyteam, and Oneworld airlines all maintain lounges within the airport, and there are also several "Pay-In" lounges open for use by all passengers, regardless of airline, frequent flyer status or class of travel.

Terminal 1

• Air Canada Maple Leaf Lounge (Star Alliance)^[39]
  • International (Level 3, before going down the escalators to the gates)
  • International – USA (Level 4, take elevators to the right at security)
  • Domestic (Take elevator to the left at security, next to Tim Hortons)
• Plaza Premium Lounge ("Pay-In" Lounge)^[40]
  • Domestic Departures (After main security on level 3, on the right)
  • International Departures (Next to Gate E77, take the elevator to Level 3)
  • US Transborder (Near Gate F91)

Terminal 3

• American Airlines Admirals Club (OneWorld)^[41]
• British Airways The Galleries Club Lounge (OneWorld)^[42]
• British Airways The Galleries First Lounge (OneWorld)^[42]
• KLM Crown Lounge (Skyteam)^[43]
• Plaza Premium Lounge ("Pay-In" Lounge)^[44]
  • Domestic Departures (Between Gate B23 and C24)
  • International Departures (Next to Gate C32, take the elevator to the AT level)

Airlines and destinations[link]

Scheduled airlines and destinations[link]

Charter airlines and destinations[link]

Cargo airlines and destinations[link]

Air traffic control role[link]

Pearson is home to Toronto Area Control Centre, one of 7 Air Control Centres in Canada and operated by Nav Canada.

Statistics[link]

Passengers statistics for Toronto Pearson Airport^[49]

Year	Number of passengers	Difference
2003	24,739,312	----
2004	28,615,981	15.7%
2005	29,914,750	4.5%
2006	30,794,581	2.9%
2007	31,446,199	2.1%
2008	32,334,831	2.8%
2009	30,368,339	6.4%
2010	31,936,098	5.2%
2011	33,435,351	4.7%
2012 /January/	2,763,438	5.2%

Cargo operations[link]

There are two main cargo facilities at Pearson.^[50] The Cargo West Facilities are located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L, and the Cargo Area 5 or VISTA Cargo Centres Incorporated are located north of Terminal 3. Also, FedEx Express Canada Cargo occupy facilities at west side of airport near runway 05/23. An additional separate cargo area is located north of the aviation facilities.

Access[link]

Motor vehicle[link]

The airport is accessible from Highway 427 (just north of the Highway 401 spaghetti interchange) or from Highway 409, a spur off Highway 401 leading directly into the airport. Airport Road to the north and Dixon Road to the east both provide local access to the airport.^[51]

Restricted road access from Courtney Park Drive and Britannia Road to the west side of the airport are for authorized vehicles only. Various roads to the cargo area to the north are also restricted. Other roads that travel along the airport grounds and runways are blocked off by fencing and gates.

Public transit[link]

Bus services connecting Toronto and the surrounding region to Pearson Airport include the Toronto Transit Commission (public transit), GO Transit (public regional transit), MiWay (public transit), Brampton Transit (public transit), Toronto Airport Express Coach (private airport coach service), and Can-ar Coach Service (private airport coach service):^[52]

Taxis, limousines, and shuttle vehicles[link]

Toronto Pearson International Airport has pick-up locations for taxis, limousines, out-of-town bus and/or shuttle services, offering transportation to downtown Toronto, cities throughout Ontario, and into Detroit. Taxis are licensed by the City of Mississauga, separately from the City of Toronto. Taxis licensed in Toronto can deliver to Pearson, but only airport-licensed taxis and limos can pickup at Pearson legally. Rides can also be pre-arranged through GTA Airport Taxi or GTA Airport Limo at the Airport, providing prompt pick-up outside the terminal.^[62] Pearson Airport Limousine companies use GTAA authorized out of town flat rates for pickups from Pearson Airport.^[63]

Toronto Pearson International Airport supports many out-of-town small bus, van and shuttle operators, offering transportation from the airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout Southern Ontario. Some operators offer connections to other airports in Ontario (John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton and London International Airport in London) or in the United States (Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Detroit, Michigan and Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Buffalo, New York).^[64]

Future expansion[link]

The airport is not currently served by trains, even though it is near an existing railway line. In July 2010, Metrolinx, Toronto's regional transport agency, announced it would design, build, own, and operate a commuter rail-style airport rail link from Union Station. Construction has begun and is expected to be completed in time for the 2015 Pan American Games.^[65] The service is expected to eliminate 1.5 million car trips annually. The project, whose cost is estimated at $300–500 million, remains controversial due to opposition from neighbourhoods along the route. Currently, the closest rail station from Pearson is Malton GO Station at Derry Road east of Airport Road. There is no direct access or connections from this station to the airport.

The originally proposed Eglinton Crosstown LRT was projected to connect Pearson to Scarborough by 2018 as part of the Transit City plan.^[66] However, Toronto Mayor Rob Ford announced the cancellation of Transit City on the day that he took office.^[67] The redesigned Eglinton–Scarborough Crosstown line was announced four months later. It would include the Scarborough RT, but the line will terminate at Black Creek Drive instead of connecting to the airport.^[68] A future extension could eventually reach the airport, completing the line as originally envisioned, but this has not yet been discussed and is not a near-term possibility.

One of the routes in GO Transit's proposed Highway 407 BRT system would reach the airport. As a precursor, GO currently operates the 40 Airport Express route between Richmond Hill Centre and Pearson Airport. This route formerly served Mississauga City Centre, but was shortened due to MiWay's launch of its own Airport Express route. The second BRT route would utilize the Highway 403 Transitway, which is currently under construction. Mississauga Transit's 107 Malton Express is in service since March 2010, connecting Mississauga City Centre, Malton, and Pearson Airport via the LINK Train's Viscount Station during peak hours only. After the completion of the transitway in late 2012, travel times between these destinations would be cut down to 19 minutes (compared to 7 Airport's 41 minutes and to the current 107's 29 minutes). Also, an all-day, all-week connection between the two destinations would be established. However, it is not known whether the route would enter the airport proper when Route 107 becomes a fully established BRT route and when full BRT service commences.^[69]

Accidents and incidents[link]

The Terminal 3 Grand Hall

• On November 3, 1959, Vickers Viscount CF-TGY of Trans-Canada Air Lines was written off when it landed short of the runway^[70]
• On June 13, 1964, Vickers Viscount CF-THT of Air Canada was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed after the failure of two engines on approach.^[71]
• The airport's deadliest accident occurred on July 5, 1970, when Air Canada Flight 621, a DC-8 jet, flew on a Montreal–Toronto–Los Angeles route. The pilots inadvertently deployed spoilers before the plane attempted landing, forcing the pilots to abort landing and takeoff. Damage to the aircraft caused during the failed landing attempt caused the plane to break up in the air during the go-around, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew on board when it crashed in a field southeast of Brampton. Controversy remains over the cleanup effort following the crash, as both plane wreckage debris and human remains from the crash are still found on the site.^[72]
• On 30 August 1970, Douglas C-47 CF-JRY of D G Harris Productions was damaged beyond economic repair in a storm.^[73]
• On June 26, 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers on board the DC-9 were killed.
• 1983: Air Canada Flight 797, on a Dallas–Toronto–Montreal route, had an in-flight fire and landed in Cincinnati; half of the occupants died, including famed Canadian folksinger, Stan Rogers.
• On June 22, 1983, Douglas C-47A C-GUBT of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on take-off roll at Toronto International Airport while on an international cargo flight from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio. Both crew were killed.^[74]
• 1985: A bomb was loaded onto Air India Flight 181, which departed from Toronto Pearson International Airport and arrived at Montréal-Mirabel International Airport and then departed as Air India Flight 182, using the same aircraft and carrying passengers who were on Flight 181, was scheduled to fly on the Montreal–London–Delhi–Bombay route. The Boeing 747-200B exploded over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Cork, Ireland killing all 307 passengers and 22 crew.
• 2001: Air Transat Flight 236, flying from Toronto Pearson to Lisbon Portela Airport in Lisbon, Portugal with 306 people on board, ran out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean. The aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing at Lajes Field in the Azores. There were no fatalities and only minor injuries.
• On August 2, 2005, Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-300 (registration F-GLZQ) inbound from Paris, landed on runway 24L in a severe thunderstorm In Toronto, failed to stop and ran off the runway into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. The rear third of the plane burst into flames, eventually engulfing the whole plane except the cockpit and wings. There were 12 serious injuries and no fatalities. The investigation predominately blamed pilot error when faced with the severe weather conditions.
• 2010: Pakistan International Airlines Flight 782, en route from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan made an emergency landing at Arlanda Airport in Stockholm, Sweden on September 25 due to a hoax bomb threat on board. After evacuating all 273 passengers from the Boeing 777-200LR aircraft, a thorough police search was conducted to find any explosives on the aircraft. No explosives were found during the investigation and the plane arrived at Karachi 13 hours late.^[75]
• In December 2010, an Emirates A380 was damaged when a catering truck collapsed on the right wing, damaging it. The aircraft was taken out of service to be repaired.^[76]

See also[link]

	Toronto portal
	Aviation portal

• CFBN
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic

References[link]