100 (one hundred) (Roman numeral C, reinforced by Latin centum) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101.

In mathematics[link]

One hundred is the square of 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 10²). The standard SI prefix for a hundred is "hecto-".

One hundred is the basis of percentages (per cent meaning "per hundred" in Latin), with 100% being a full amount.

It is the sum of the first nine prime numbers, as well as the sum of four pairs of prime numbers (47 + 53, 17 + 83, 3 + 97, 41 + 59), and the sum of the cubes of the first four integers (100 = 1³ + 2³ + 3³ + 4³). Also, 2⁶ + 6² = 100, thus 100 is a Leyland number.

One hundred is also an 18-gonal number. It is divisible by the number of primes below it, 25 in this case. But it can not be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total of coprimes below it, making it a noncototient. However, it can be expressed as a sum of some of its divisors, making it a semiperfect number.

100 is a Harshad number in base 10, and also in base 4, and in that base it is a self-descriptive number.

There are exactly 100 prime numbers whose digits are in strictly ascending order. (e.g. 239, 2357 etc.)

100 is the smallest number whose common logarithm is a prime number.

In science[link]

The atomic number of fermium is 100.

On the Celsius scale, 100 degrees is the boiling temperature of pure water at sea level.

In Religion[link]

• There are 100 blasts of the Shofar heard in the service of Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year.^[1]
• A religious Jew is expected to utter at least 100 blessings daily.^[2]

In politics[link]

The United States Senate has 100 Senators.

In money[link]

Most of the world's currencies are divided into 100 subunits; for example, one euro is one hundred cents and one pound sterling is one hundred pence.

The U.S. hundred-dollar bill has Benjamin Franklin's portrait; the "Benjamin" is the largest U.S. bill in print. American savings bonds of $100 have Thomas Jefferson's portrait, while American $100 treasury bonds have Andrew Jackson's portrait.

The U.S. hundred-dollar bill, Series 2009.

In other fields[link]

One hundred is also:

• The number of years in a century
• The number of pounds in an American short hundredweight
• The number of tiles in a standard Scrabble set for the languages, English, Arabic, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Esperanto, Finnish, Hungarian, Irish, Latin, Malaysian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish^{[3][citation needed]}
• In Greece, India, Israel and Nepal, 100 is the police telephone number.
• In Belgium, 100 is the ambulance and firefighter telephone number.
• In United Kingdom, 100 is the operator telephone number
• Hundred Days, aka the Waterloo Campaign
• "The First Hundred Days" is an arbitrary benchmark of a President of the United States' performance at the beginning of his or her term.
• 100 is the HTTP status code indicating that the client should continue with its request

In entertainment[link]

When a TV series reaches 100 episodes, it is generally considered viable for syndication. (For shows picked up midseason, this point is generally reached during a prime time series' 5th season).

In sports[link]

• The number of yards in an American football field (not including the end zones).^{[citation needed]}
• The number of runs required for a cricket batsman to score a century, a significant milestone.^[4][5]
• The number of points required for a snooker cueist to score a century break, a significant milestone.
• The record number of points scored in one NBA game by a single player, set by Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors on March 2, 1962.^[6]
• The minimum distance in yards for a Par 3 on a golf course^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

Mathematics portal

• AFI's 100 Years...
• 100 Greatest Britons
• 100 Greatest Christmas Moments
• 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows
• Hundred (division)
• Hundred (word)
• Hundred Days
• Hundred Years' War
• List of highways numbered 100
• Top 100
• The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time
• Top 100 winning pitchers of all time
• 100 Most Influential Books Ever Written

References[link]

• Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987): 133

External links[link]

Look up hundred in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 100 (number)

• On the Number 100

Mark D
Birth name	Mark Randall
Nationality	British
Field	Painting
Movement	Stuckism

Mark D, born Mark Randall,^[1] is a British artist and punk musician (guitarist and songwriter). He is also associated with the Stuckist group of artists.

Life and work[link]

Mark D was born and spent his childhood in Peterborough. He now lives in Nottingham. From university onwards, Mark D (D standing for "degenerate") played in various bands including the Fat Tulips, Confetti (when he was known as David), the Pleasure Heads (when he was known as Mark Randyhead), Oscar, Servalan and Sundress, and appeared on dozens of releases. He published and edited fanzines, including the underground C86 fanzine Two Pint Take Home. He is a co-owner of Heaven Records.^[2]

The Fat Tulips were formed in 1987 and have been described as "incredibly skilled in the art of buzzing electric guitars, ferocious tempos, pristine pop melodies and lyrics that weren’t nearly as sweet as they sounded at first listen." ^[3]

Stella Vine: Go Fuck Yourself by Mark D

A few years after the Fat Tulips broke up in the mid-1990s, he started a dealership in art and antiques with his wife, Tully, focusing on work from the 1960s and 1970s, including John Piper, Stig Lindberg, Lucienne Day and John Clappison.

An interest in the music of Billy Childish led onto Childish's paintings, which he acquired, and subsequently also the work of other artists in the Stuckist group. He contacted two artists who had been exhibited by the Stuckists, Stella Vine and Gina Bold, both of whom refused to sell him work, because of his connection with Childish. Vine responded with an email, which said, "Go fuck yourself".^[1][2]

The Hypocrisy of Myners, a painting by Mark D, satirising the Tate gallery (Paul Myners was the Tate Chairman at the time).

Frustrated at not being able to acquire that work for his collection and inspired by an Andy Warhol quote, "If you want to sell paintings you have to make paintings", Mark D began in May 2005 to make his own paintings, for which he had no formal training or qualifications ("my only qualification is a love of art"). He was encouraged and given advice by Stuckist co-founder, Charles Thomson, without whom Mark D said, "I could easily have given up on doing my own work."^[4]

His paintings make visual and verbal comments on well-known figures in the art world, starting with Billy Childish, Tracey Emin, Stella Vine and Damien Hirst. He describes Emin as "without doubt a very talented artist whose work I greatly admire."^[2] In response to the controversy over the Tate's purchase of its trustee Chris Ofili's work, The Upper Room, he painted a picture of the Tate Chairman, Paul Myners—who had defended the purchase—called The Hypocrisy of Myners. A reproduction of this work was featured on a placard outside the Turner Prize in December 2005 during a Stuckist demonstration against the purchase.

Mark D's painting in the window of the Stuckist show, "Painting is the Medium of Yesterday", 2005.

Mark D first exhibited in September 2005 with the Stuckists at La Viande gallery, Shoreditch, in a show ''Painting Is the Medium of Yesterday"—Paul Myners CBE, Chairman of Tate Gallery, Chairman of Marks and Spencer, Chairman of Aspen Insurance, Chairman of Guardian Media, Director of Bank of England, Director of Bank of New York. A Show of Paintings by the Stuckists, as Refused by the Tate Gallery. Guaranteed 100% Free of Elephant Dung.^[2]

Mark D. Victoria Beckham: America Doesn't Love Me.

His solo show, Mark D and the Stuckists v Tracey Emin and Damien Hirst, was at the Art Organisation gallery in March 2007. It included a display of material about Stuckist demonstrations.^[5] As well as his own paintings he showed paintings by other Stuckist artists from his collection,^[2] which he jointly owns with his wife, Tully, and states is "the world's largest collection of Stuckist paintings".^[6]

In February 2008, he staged a show of his paintings, which satirise Stella Vine's images of Princess Diana and Kate Moss, replacing the former with Victoria Beckham and showing Moss eating slugs.^[1] The exhibition, held jointly with Abby Jackson at La Viande gallery in Shoreditch, London, was called Disney Heroines Committing Suicide.^[7]

He names Alfred Wallis, John Bellany, Bryan Pearce, and Stella Vine as influences, and sums up his artistic and musical philosophy with a derivation from punk:

Some outstanding musicians have proved that all you need are 3 chords and a cheap guitar to come up with a classic. I find it much more interesting to listen to some low budget production record full of life and energy with lots of good ideas, (e.g. early Clash and Velvet Underground, The Vaselines, The White Stripes and, of course, Billy Childish with the Buff Medways etc.) than some over-produced bland pomp like Athlete, Coldplay or U2.^[2]

Charles Thomson described his work as "brilliant punk paintings".^[8]

Gallery[link]

• 

  Mark D. Kate Moss: Kate Loves Slugs.

• 

  Heather Mills: Beauty and the Beatles Money

• 

  Paris Hilton: Panties Please Paris

• 

  Tracey Emin:I Could Be Carrie

• 

  Billy Childish: Truth Lies and Audiotape

• 

  Gina Bold: I Blame Charles

• 

  Damien Hirst: Money for Old Rope

• 

  Shed Boat Shed Shed

See also[link]

Mark D's painting on a placard during a Stuckists demonstration at Tate Britain, December 6, 2005.

• Stuckism
• The Upper Room (paintings)
• Fat Tulips
• Confetti (band)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mark D

• Mark D paintings on the Stuckism International site
• The Fat Tulips official site
• The Fat Tulips discography

Paul Wall
Paul Wall in 2005
Background information
Birth name	Paul Michael Slayton[1]
Born	(1981-03-11) March 11, 1981 (age 31)[1]
Origin	Houston, Texas, United States
Genres	Hip hop Southern hip hop Rap rock
Occupations	Rapper DJ Promoter Jeweller
Years active	1998–present
Labels	Swishahouse/Asylum
Associated acts	Michael "5000" Watts, Expensive Taste, Limp Bizkit, Chamillionaire, Slim Thug, The Color Changin' Click, Trae, Bun B, Z-Ro, brokeNCYDE
Website	paulwallbaby.com, grillsbypaulwall.com

Paul Michael Slayton (born March 11, 1981), better known by his stage name Paul Wall, is an American rapper. He is currently affiliated with Swishahouse Records, having released several albums under the label as well as collaborating with other rappers signed to the label. He was formerly musical partners with rapper Chamillionaire releasing several collaborative albums including the independently released Get Ya Mind Correct. In 2005, he was signed to Atlantic Records and became successful with his major-label debut The Peoples Champ. Get Money, Stay True followed in 2007.^[2]

Career[link]

Wall attended Jersey Village High School and studied mass communications at the University of Houston for three years.^[3][4] After proposing to do promotions for Michael "5000" Watts' company, Swishahouse, Chamillionaire and Paul Wall came to Watts' studio, KBXX.^[5] Paul & Chamillionaire convinced Watts to let them rap on his radio show and put the verses on one of his mixtapes. That mixtape was titled Choppin Em Up Part 2, which was released in mid 1999. The freestyle became so popular in the streets that Chamillionaire and Paul Wall became regular staples on Houston's mixtape circuit, appeared on several of Watts' mixtapes and became permanent members of Swishahouse.

After fellow member Slim Thug left the label, Chamillionaire and Paul Wall followed suit and the two started their own group known as The Color Changin' Click (named after Chamillion's Chameleon persona). Each successive mixtape released by The Color Changin' Click led to more business opportunities; the most notable of which was a contract to do a full album for Paid in Full Records. A one album contract was then negotiated between the Color Changin' Click and Paid in Full's label head, DJ Madd Hatta from 97.9 The Box, and the CCC's first album, Get Ya Mind Correct, would go on to sell over 200,000 copies. Wall's first music exposure came as a street team member on the Northwest side of Houston, promoting southern labels like Def Jam Records, Cash Money and No Limit Records. He is also an accomplished and proficient mixtape and party DJ, known for producing mixtapes in the now well-known screwed & chopped style, which was invented by the late DJ Screw.^[6]

Paul Wall and Chamillionaire were originally affiliated with Swishahouse Records, but left for Paid in Full Records a short time later. After several mixtape and independent releases including. Get Ya Mind Correct, the two parted ways, citing creative differences. Chamillionaire continued to release independent records, while Paul Wall returned to the Swishahouse fold. This move allowed him to appear on Mike Jones' first commercially distributed single, "Still Tippin'", from his first major label album Who Is Mike Jones?. The single is originally on Swishahouse's The Day Hell Broke Loose Part 2 aka Major Without A Major Deal, released in 2003, the album went on to sell over 500,000 copies two months after being released.

In 2005, Paul Wall released his first album, The Peoples Champ, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The first single "Sittin' Sidewayz" featuring Big Pokey. The second single, "They Don't Know", featured Bun B of UGK, and the video version also featured Mike Jones. The third single is "Girl", receiving radio airplay and peaking at #35 onl the Billboard Hot 100.^[7] In 2007, Paul Wall released his second album Get Money, Stay True, which debuted in the #1 spot on the Billboard Chart Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Paul Wall released the singles "Break 'Em Off" featuring Lil Keke and "I'm Throwed" featuring and produced by Jermaine Dupri.

In 2007, Paul Wall appeared alongside other celebrities and regular people in the music video for Rockstar by Nickelback. He also appears on Bermuda-based reggae artist Collie Buddz self-titled debut album.^[8]

Paul Wall shows off his grills with a smiling fan in Baghdad, 2007.

Paul Wall is currently a member of the rap group Expensive Taste, with his good friends Travis Barker and Skinhead Rob (Transplants). The trio also collectively owns a line.^[2][9]

In the spring of 2008, Paul Wall joined Strange Music recording artist Tech N9ne on a nationwide tour, which also featured Brooklyn rapper ILL BiLL.

In the 2008 presidential campaign, Paul Wall spoke out in favor of candidate Barack Obama. He was quoted in The Source magazine as saying "Barack seems to come off as a true leader for everyone, whereas most people campaigning, including Hillary Clinton, seem to be just politicians. Barack seems to be genuine and sincere about his beliefs. He is selfless, while they are selfish. I'm gonna 'Barack the vote' this year and I've never voted before." ^[10]

Paul Wall appears as fictional rapper Grillionaire in the movie I Hope They Serve Beer In Hell, released on September 25, 2009. He, along with screenwriters Nils Parker and Tucker Max, co-wrote tracks for the movie.

In 2010, Paul Wall featured on the 'Przyjazn, Duma, Godnosc' (eng. 'Friendship, Pride and Dignity') album by a highly rated Polish rap artist Kaczor.

In February 2011, Paul appeared on an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation along with rapper Yelawolf and singer Christina Milian.^[11]

In October 2011, Paul Wall joined forces with Silicon Valley based social and mobile game company Jump Shot Media to create the world's first mobile battle rap game, Battle Rap Stars. Paul is featured as the "main event" and is the rapper to beat in order to win the game.^[12] On March 7th 2012 Paul Wall released a mixtape entitled ^[13] "No Sleep To Houston" and as of 3-28-12 it has gone silver on the mixtape website "datpiff".

Personal life[link]

Paul Wall married girlfriend Crystal in 2006. Their son William Patrick Slayton was born April 18, 2006.^[14][15] and their daughter Noelle Slayton was born in 2007.

During a concert in San Antonio Paul Wall hit a fan with a microphone. The fan was flicking his middle finger at Paul Wall. Paul Wall apologized to not only the victim but to all his San Antonio fans.^[16]

In 2010, Paul Wall went on an extreme diet and had gastric sleeve surgery,^[17] resulting in an over 100 lb. weight loss.

In February 2011, Paul Wall and his wife Crystal unveiled a Bonnie & Clyde 40's themed photo shoot, which revealed Paul's slimmer, trimmer physique.^[18]

Discography[link]

• 2004: Chick Magnet
• 2005: The Peoples Champ
• 2007: Get Money, Stay True
• 2009: Fast Life
• 2010: Heart of a Champion

Awards and nominations[link]

Acting career[link]

During his break from rapping, Paul Wall appeared in Furnace with Ja Rule. He also appeared in the 2009 movie I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell along with Jesse Bradford and Matt Czuchry. He was in 2010 movie; Alligator X '.^[21]

Filmography[link]

Video games[link]

• 2011: Battle Rap Stars for iPhone and Android

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paul Wall

• Paul Wall on Myspace
• Paul Wall at the Internet Movie Database

Z-Ro
Background information
Birth name	Joseph Wayne McVey
Born	(1977-01-19) January 19, 1977 (age 35)[1][2]
Origin	Houston, Texas, US
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, Producer
Years active	1994–present
Labels	Asylum Rap-a-Lot King of the Ghetto Ent.
Associated acts	Screwed Up Click, Trae, DJ Screw, Big Hawk, Lil' Keke, Slim Thug, UGK, Mýa, Lil Flip, Scarface, ABN
Website	Z-Ro on Twitter Z-Ro on Myspace

Joseph Wayne McVey (born January 19, 1977),^[1][2] better known by his stage name Z-Ro, is an American rapper, singer and producer from Houston, Texas. He was named one of America's most underrated rappers by the New York Times.^[3]

Early life[link]

Z-Ro was born Joseph Wayne McVey in Houston’s notorious South Park neighborhood on January 19, 1977.^[4] At age six his mother died, and he was shuttled from household to household in search of stability, eventually settling in the Ridgemont area of Missouri City, Texas.^[4] When Z-Ro reached his late teens he was unemployed and resorted to drug dealing and hustling on the streets.^[4] According to Z-Ro, listening to the music of 2Pac, Geto Boys, Street Military, K-Rino and Klondike Kat inspired him to work harder for his goal of leaving the streets.^[4] Z-Ro discovered his talent of freestyle rapping and after going through a couple of recording studios to make a demo,^[4] the CEO of a local label discovered and signed him.

Career[link]

In 1998, Z-Ro released his debut album, Look What You Did to Me. Z-Ro is also a member of the original Screwed Up Click, an assortment of rappers from Houston.^[4] All of these things helped to escalate Z-Ro’s popularity throughout the South and by 2002 his talent and hard work caught the attention of Rap-a-Lot’s founder and CEO James Prince, who offered him a deal.^[4]

In 2004, Z-Ro released his critically acclaimed Rap-a-Lot debut titled The Life of Joseph W. McVey.^[4] The record was a huge success and helped expand Z-Ro’s fan base beyond the South.^[4] In 2005, Z-Ro released Let the Truth Be Told, which was well received.^[4] Z-Ro's 2006 album I'm Still Livin' was released while he was imprisoned for drug possession, to positive reviews.^[5][6] It was called "a great album... powerful" but "relentlessly bleak" by The Village Voice^[5] and "one of the best rap albums to come out of Houston" by the Houston Chronicle.^[7] In 2010 he released his next album titled Heroin, which was followed by another new album titled Meth in 2011.

Discography[link]

References[link]

Five for Fighting
Background information
Birth name	Vladimir John Ondrasik[1]
Also known as	Five for Fighting
Born	(1965-01-07) January 7, 1965 (age 47) Los Angeles, California, US
Genres	Rock, heartland rock, pop rock
Occupations	singer-songwriter, musician
Instruments	Vocals, piano, guitar, harmonica
Years active	1997–present
Labels	Nettwerk (1997) EMI (1997) Columbia Records (2000–2008) Aware Records (2000–present) Wind-Up Records (2009–present)
Website	FiveForFighting.com

Five for Fighting is the stage name of American singer-songwriter John Ondrasik. He is best known for his piano-based rock, such as the Top 40 songs "Superman (It's Not Easy)" (2001), "100 Years" (2003), and "The Riddle" (2006).

Early years[link]

John Ondrasik was born on January 7, 1965,^[2] in Los Angeles, a child of a musical family. In his early years, Ondrasik learned the piano, and in his teens he learned to play the guitar and started to write music. While he also learned to sing opera briefly, he soon decided that he would like to be a singer/songwriter. Ondrasik graduated from UCLA with a degree in applied science and mathematics. While in college he continued to pursue music in his spare time. He adopted the name "Five for Fighting," which is an expression in ice hockey, which he used to play, when a player receives a five-minute penalty for fighting. Ondrasik is a life-long fan of the NHL's Los Angeles Kings.

Career[link]

Ondrasik's first album, Message for Albert, was released by EMI in 1997. Capitol Records re-released this album after the success of America Town.

Aware Records' Mark Cunningham was a big fan of Five For Fighting and made contact with Ondrasik.^[3] Cunningham then passed on Ondrasik's demos to the label's new A&R Steve Smith.^[3] Smith loved the recordings and after a discussion with Aware head Gregg Latterman they met with Ondrasik and set up a deal shortly afterwards in partnership with Columbia Records.^[3] The album America Town on September 26, 2000. The album had impact, but "Superman (It's Not Easy)" became an anthem after the September 11 attacks. Ondrasik performed the song at The Concert for New York City in late 2001. Five for Fighting contributed a live performance version of his song "Superman" to the charity album Live in the X Lounge IV. While America Town failed to make the top 50 of the Billboard 200 album charts, its consistent sales eventually led to its going platinum.

His third album, The Battle for Everything, debuted at number 20 on the Billboard 200 in February 2004. It included the single "100 Years", which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and stayed at No. 1 for 12 non consecutive weeks.^[4] In October 2009, The Battle for Everything was RIAA certified Platinum.

Two years later, the album Two Lights was released; this became his first career Top 10 album, debuting at number 8 on the Billboard 200 in August 2006. Its first single, "The Riddle", became Ondrasik's third career Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 40. A video of the second single, "World", has been used to raise funds for various charities (see Philanthropy below).

On the weekend of January 27 and 28, 2007, Ondrasik filled in for radio host Casey Kasem on the American Top 20 (where he counted down to his own hit "World"), and American Top 10 (where he counted down to his own hit "The Riddle").

On July 21, 2009, the first single from his album Slice, called "Chances," was released for download. The music video for the single debuted on VH1.com on September 22, 2009. The video shows the story of two teenagers falling in love, while Ondrasik narrates (sings) to the story. It was directed by Steven Drypolcher (Beyonce, Kanye West, Boyslikegirls) and produced by Partizan. In November 2009, "Chances" was featured in the end credits of the hit movie The Blind Side. The song also appeared in the TV series The Vampire Diaries, and in a promotional video package from WWE for Shawn Michael's 2011 WWE Hall of Fame induction.

His fifth studio album, titled Slice, was released on October 13, 2009, and appeared on the iTunes Top 10 Albums on the first day. The album was produced by Gregg Wattenberg ("Superman," "100 Years"). Academy Award-winning composer Stephen Schwartz, who penned the songs for musicals such as Wicked, Godspell and Pippin, co-wrote the title track, as well as the track "Above The Timberline."

On May 27, 2010, John Ondrasik announced that he had left Columbia Records and his album Slice would be re-released on Wind-Up Records along with the song "Slice" being released as a single in July 2010.^[5]

On February 20, 2011, Five For Fighting performed at the 2011 NHL Heritage Classic in Calgary, with the Calgary Flames facing off against the Montreal Canadiens.^[6]

John Ondrasik writes and co-writes music for other artists, including The Backstreet Boys and Josh Groban. He has also contributed to movie soundtracks, such as August Rush, We Were Soldiers, Chicken Little, and Everyone's Hero, and in 2008 Ondrasik wrote and recorded the song "Brothers in Arms" for the award winning documentary film Brothers at War.^[7] He has twice collaborated with Sandra Boynton, recording a song each for her Dog Train book and CD in 2005, and her Blue Moo album in 2007.