Villeurbanne
Villeurbanne
Location within Rhône-Alpes region  Villeurbanne
Administration
Country	France
Region	Rhône-Alpes
Department	Rhône
Arrondissement	Lyon
Canton	Villeurbanne-Centre, Villeurbanne-Nord, and Villeurbanne-Sud
Intercommunality	Lyon
Mayor	Jean-Paul Bret (PS) (2001–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	165–189 m (541–620 ft) (avg. 181 m or 594 ft)
Land area1	14.52 km2 (5.61 sq mi)
Population2	139,596  (2006)
- Density	9,614 /km2 (24,900 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	69266/ 69100
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 45°46′00″N 4°52′49″E / 45.7667°N 4.8803°E / 45.7667; 4.8803

Villeurbanne (French pronunciation: [vi.lœʁ.ban]) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

It is situated northeast of Lyon, with which it forms the heart of the second-largest metropolitan area in France after that of Paris. Villeurbanne is the second-largest city in the department.

Gratte-Ciel (1934) in Villeurbanne

History[link]

The current location of downtown Villeurbanne is known to have been inhabited as far back as 6000 BC. Its current name comes from a Gallo-Roman farming area, established at about the same time as Lyon (then Lugdunum) and known as the Villa Urbana ("town house"). It would then become Urbanum, then Villa Urbane and, ultimately, Villeurbanne.

Villeurbanne has belonged to the kingdom of France since 1349. It was then separated from Lyon by the river La Rize, a former branch of the Rhône River.

Until the 19th century, the city was merely a patchwork of distinct villages separated by fields and undeveloped land. These villages have mostly survived, and nowadays form the neighborhoods of Charpennes, Cusset, Croix-Luizet, Maisons-Neuves, etc.

With the industrial era, Villeurbanne's economy soared: the textile industry was the first to bloom, followed by mechanical and chemical ones. The factories lured in numerous immigrants, most notably from Italy. Transforming from a rural community to an industrial town, Villeurbanne underwent a tremendous demographic boom in the late 1920s. From 3,000 inhabitants in 1928, its population rocketed to 82,000 in 1931. Mayor Lazare Goujon (elected 1924) engaged the city in a vast public works initiative. Arguably the most visible heritage of this program is the Gratte-Ciel, a housing complex made up of two Art Deco towers and annex smaller buildings, lining up along the Avenue Henri Barbusse. These structures are the work of architect Môrice Leroux, and one of the most notable Art Deco structures in France. Having undergone thorough renovation, the 19-story twin towers have become an emblem of the city.

Education[link]

Many colleges and universities of the Lyon metropolitan area are located in Villeurbanne. Many of these are located on the La Doua campus, home to the Claude Bernard University (Lyon I), CPE Lyon and the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon.

Transport[link]

Villeurbanne is well served by the Lyon area public transit system, the TCL (Transports en Commun Lyonnais). The east branch of subway line A runs through the city heart, and the new tramway line T1 connects the La Doua campus to the Lyon business and commercial district of La Part-Dieu and the Presqu'île downtown.

International relations[link]

Twin towns — Sister cities[link]

Villeurbanne is twinned with:

Demography[link]

In terms of number of inhabitants, the city of Villeurbanne is the second city of the Rhône department, the fourth city of the region Rhône-Alpes, the 27th city of France. It is also the biggest city of France to be only a chef-lieu of a canton and not to be a prefecture.

Notable people[link]

The list of notable native Villeurbannais includes:

• Mourad Benhamida, French footballer, 18 January 1986.
• Henri Cochet, French tennis player, 4 December 1901 († 1987).
• Laure Manaudou, French swimmer, world record holder, 9 October 1986.
• Jean-Karl Vernay, French race car driver, 31 October 1987.
• Jose Vespasien, basketball player

See also[link]

Lyon portal

• Communes of the Rhône department

References[link]

Notes

• INSEE - National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies - France

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Villeurbanne

• (French)Official website
• (French)Villeurbanne Message Board

v t e Communes of the Rhône department Affoux Aigueperse Albigny-sur-Saône Alix Ambérieux Amplepuis Ampuis Ancy Anse L'Arbresle Les Ardillats Arnas Aveize Avenas Azolette Bagnols Beaujeu Belleville Belmont-d'Azergues Bessenay Bibost Blacé Le Bois-d'Oingt Bourg-de-Thizy Le Breuil Brignais Brindas Bron Brullioles Brussieu Bully Cailloux-sur-Fontaines Caluire-et-Cuire Cenves Cercié Chambost-Allières Chambost-Longessaigne Chamelet Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or La Chapelle-de-Mardore La Chapelle-sur-Coise Chaponnay Chaponost Charbonnières-les-Bains Charentay Charly Charnay Chassagny Chasselay Chassieu Châtillon Chaussan Chazay-d'Azergues Chénas Chénelette Les Chères Chessy Chevinay Chiroubles Civrieux-d'Azergues Claveisolles Cogny Coise Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or Colombier-Saugnieu Communay Condrieu Corbas Corcelles-en-Beaujolais Cours-la-Ville Courzieu Couzon-au-Mont-d'Or Craponne Cublize Curis-au-Mont-d'Or Dardilly Dareizé Décines-Charpieu Denicé Dième Dommartin Dracé Duerne Échalas Écully Émeringes Éveux Feyzin Fleurie Fleurieu-sur-Saône Fleurieux-sur-l'Arbresle Fontaines-Saint-Martin Fontaines-sur-Saône Francheville Frontenas Genas Genay Givors Gleizé Grandris Grézieu-la-Varenne Grézieu-le-Marché Grigny Les Haies Les Halles Haute-Rivoire Irigny Jarnioux Jonage Jons Joux Juliénas Jullié Lacenas Lachassagne Lamure-sur-Azergues Lancié Lantignié Larajasse Légny Lentilly Létra Liergues Limas Limonest Lissieu Loire-sur-Rhône Longes Longessaigne Lozanne Lucenay Lyon Marchampt Marcilly-d'Azergues Marcy Marcy-l'Étoile Mardore Marennes Marnand Meaux-la-Montagne Messimy Meys Meyzieu Millery Mions Moiré Monsols Montagny Montanay Montmelas-Saint-Sorlin Montromant Montrottier Morancé Mornant La Mulatière Neuville-sur-Saône Nuelles Odenas Oingt Les Olmes Orliénas Oullins Ouroux Le Perréon Pierre-Bénite Poleymieux-au-Mont-d'Or Pollionnay Pomeys Pommiers Pont-Trambouze Pontcharra-sur-Turdine Pouilly-le-Monial Poule-les-Écharmeaux Propières Pusignan Quincié-en-Beaujolais Quincieux Ranchal Régnié-Durette Rillieux-la-Pape Riverie Rivolet Rochetaillée-sur-Saône Ronno Rontalon Sain-Bel Saint-Andéol-le-Château Saint-André-la-Côte Saint-Appolinaire Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure Saint-Bonnet-des-Bruyères Saint-Bonnet-le-Troncy Saint-Christophe Saint-Clément-de-Vers Saint-Clément-les-Places Saint-Clément-sur-Valsonne Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or Saint-Cyr-le-Chatoux Saint-Cyr-sur-le-Rhône Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or Saint-Didier-sous-Riverie Saint-Didier-sur-Beaujeu Sainte-Catherine Sainte-Colombe Sainte-Consorce Sainte-Foy-l'Argentière Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon Sainte-Paule Saint-Étienne-des-Oullières Saint-Étienne-la-Varenne Saint-Fons Saint-Forgeux Saint-Genis-l'Argentière Saint-Genis-Laval Saint-Genis-les-Ollières Saint-Georges-de-Reneins Saint-Germain-au-Mont-d'Or Saint-Germain-sur-l'Arbresle Saint-Igny-de-Vers Saint-Jacques-des-Arrêts Saint-Jean-d'Ardières Saint-Jean-des-Vignes Saint-Jean-de-Touslas Saint-Jean-la-Bussière Saint-Julien Saint-Julien-sur-Bibost Saint-Just-d'Avray Saint-Lager Saint-Laurent-d'Agny Saint-Laurent-de-Chamousset Saint-Laurent-de-Mure Saint-Laurent-de-Vaux Saint-Laurent-d'Oingt Saint-Loup Saint-Mamert Saint-Marcel-l'Éclairé Saint-Martin-en-Haut Saint-Maurice-sur-Dargoire Saint-Nizier-d'Azergues Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu Saint-Pierre-la-Palud Saint-Priest Saint-Romain-au-Mont-d'Or Saint-Romain-de-Popey Saint-Romain-en-Gal Saint-Romain-en-Gier Saint-Sorlin Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon Saint-Symphorien-sur-Coise Saint-Vérand Saint-Vincent-de-Reins Salles-Arbuissonnas-en-Beaujolais Sarcey Sathonay-Camp Sathonay-Village Les Sauvages Savigny Sérézin-du-Rhône Simandres Solaize Soucieu-en-Jarrest Sourcieux-les-Mines Souzy Taluyers Taponas Tarare Tassin-la-Demi-Lune Ternand Ternay Theizé Thel Thizy Thurins La Tour-de-Salvagny Toussieu Trades Trèves Tupin-et-Semons Valsonne Vaugneray Vaulx-en-Velin Vaux-en-Beaujolais Vauxrenard Vénissieux Vernaison Vernay Ville-sur-Jarnioux Villechenève Villefranche-sur-Saône Villeurbanne Villié-Morgon Vourles Yzeron

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2010)

Anaal Nathrakh are a British extreme metal band formed in 1999 who fuse black metal, grindcore, death metal and industrial music. They are currently signed to Candlelight Records.

The name comes from Merlin's Charm of Making in John Boorman's 1981 film Excalibur. According to Michael Everson's transcription, Anaal Nathrakh means "serpent's breath".^[3]

Description[link]

Anaal Nathrakh are typically described as black metal, despite eschewing the aesthetic of many black metal bands, such as dressing in a casual manner, as opposed to the corpsepaint and spiked leather clothing traditionally favoured by the black metal subculture. The band does not publish their lyrics.

Anaal Nathrakh, like many black metal bands, draw much inspiration from the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, exemplified by such song titles as "Human, All Too Fucking Human" and "Revaluation of All Values". All of Anaal Nathrakh's music is written, recorded and produced by Mick Kenney.

Biography[link]

Anaal Nathrakh started off in 1998 as a raw black metal band. Two demos were released in 1999, Anaal Nathrakh and Total Fucking Necro. Following this, the band were signed by indie record label Mordgrimm, who released the duo's debut album, The Codex Necro, in 2001. In 2002, Anaal Nathrakh's first two demos were compiled into a single disc entitled Total Fucking Necro. This was released by the UK underground metal label Rage Of Achilles. In 2003, Mordgrimm released the band's first EP, When Fire Rains Down from the Sky, Mankind Will Reap as It Has Sown.

In 2004, Anaal Nathrakh released their second full-length album, Domine Non Es Dignus, on the French label Season of Mist. Domine Non Es Dignus showed a departure from the band's raw black metal roots. In 2006, the group's third album, Eschaton (a form of prophecy concerning the end of the world), was released. Eschaton's music continued in the same vein as Domine Non Es Dignus. This album featured guest appearances by Shane Embury of Napalm Death and Attila Csihar of Mayhem.

The album Hell Is Empty and All the Devils Are Here was released through the band's new record label, FETO Records, in October 2007.

In 2009, Anaal Nathrakh announced that they signed to record label Candlelight Records for their upcoming release of In the Constellation of the Black Widow. Commenting on the signing, V.I.T.R.I.O.L. stated, "Candlelight have shown a strong belief in Anaal Nathrakh and looking at some of the acts on their roster both past and present it seems they are capable of backing up their good intentions. With their help we hope we can finally get the planet cracked in half", and "Constellation will be faster, more insidious, more ominous, more musically dexterous and wilder than ever before. The album will feature a curve ball guest appearance from Zeitgeist Memento of Mexican extremists Repvblika."^[4] In the Constellation of the Black Widow was released in June 2009, and swiftly received many positive reviews from respected magazines and websites. It went on to be placed in numerous international "best of 2009" lists, including About.com^[2] and Terrorizer magazine.

Anaal Nathrakh released their sixth full-length album, Passion, in 2011.^[5]

Playing live[link]

Anaal Nathrakh began as a purely studio-based project; the band never looked to take Anaal Nathrakh to the stage. However, following a successful BBC Radio 1 live session with John Peel (as heard on the 2006 re-release of The Codex Necro), they sought to play live again, although only for special one-offs. They have stated they are not to become an ordinary touring band.

Anaal Nathrakh made their live debut at London's Underworld on December 15, 2005, as headliners for Terrorizer Magazine's "A Cold Night In Hell" Christmas show. This was followed by another show at Birmingham Edwards No. 8 on December 16, supported by Narcosis and Ramesses.

Since then the band has performed at several festivals and the occasional live show. Notable appearances in 2007 include the Inferno Metal Festival, the No Mercy Festival, the Damnation Festival, the Hole In The Sky festival, and a hometown show in Birmingham.

In 2008 the band embarked on a small tour, which included several UK dates, headlining the Maryland Deathfest and FETO Fest, and playing Hellfest in Clisson, France.

In 2009 Anaal Nathrakh supported Testament in London, and performed at the Brutal Assault festival, the Summer Breeze Open Air festival, and the Incubate festival.

In 2010, Anaal Nathrakh performed with Marduk on the Funeral Nation Tour, playing ten shows in the UK and Ireland.

In 2011, the band played the Candlelight Records Candlefest tour.

Band members[link]

• Irrumator (Mick Kenney) (ex-Frost, ex-Mistress, Sorrows, ex-Professor Fate, Fukpig) – guitars, bass, drums, drum programming, production
• V.I.T.R.I.O.L. (Dave Hunt) (Benediction, Mistress) – vocals

Additional live members[link]

• Ventnor (Nog) – guitar
• St. Evil (Steve Powell) (Theoktony) – drums
• Drunk (Mistress, Fukpig) – bass

Past members[link]

• Leicia – bass (1998–2000)
• Nicholas Barker – live drums (ex-Cradle of Filth, ex-Dimmu Borgir) (2004)
• Shane Embury – live bass (Napalm Death, Lock Up, Venomous Concept, Unseen Terror, Brujeria) (2004–2005)
• Danny Herrera – live drums (Napalm Death) (2005)
• Misery (Paul Kenney) (Mistress, Fukpig) – live bass

Discography[link]

• The Codex Necro (2001)
• Total Fucking Necro (2002)
• When Fire Rains Down from the Sky, Mankind Will Reap as It Has Sown (2003)
• Domine Non Es Dignus (2004)
• Eschaton (2006)
• Hell Is Empty and All the Devils Are Here (2007)
• In the Constellation of the Black Widow (2009)
• Passion (2011)

External links[link]

• Official MySpace
• Official Merchandise

References[link]