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Beijing
Beijing (
/beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain (Welsh: Prydain Fawr, Scottish Gaelic: Breatainn Mhòr, Cornish: Breten Veur) is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honshū. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
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Haidian District
Haidian District (simplified Chinese: 海淀区 (officially), 海甸区 (alternatively); traditional Chinese: 海淀區/海甸區; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a suburban district of the municipality of Beijing. It lies towards the northwestern part of the urban core.
It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing (after Chaoyang District), and is home to 2,240,124 inhabitants (2000 Census); however, in comparison to other districts, a higher percentage of its inhabitants do not have the governmental residential certificates for long-term residence, because Haidian District is where most universities are located and therefore many[quantify] of its inhabitants are college students. Its postal code is 100080.
The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:
Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City. It was first built in the Yuan dynasty, and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing Dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House. The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954. Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine:
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Ireland
Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] ( listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Microsoft
Coordinates: 47°38′22.55″N 122°7′42.42″W / 47.6395972°N 122.12845°W / 47.6395972; -122.12845
Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, United States that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Microsoft is one of the largest software corporations in the world.
Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified into the video game industry with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles and the consumer electronics and digital services market MSN, the Zune and the Windows Phone OS. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees (Forbes 400 list revealed that in March 2011 both Jon Shipley and Nathan Myhrvold lost their billionaire status). In May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications for $8.5 billion.
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijyo?), called Tōshō (東証?) or TSE for short, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the third largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies. It had 2,292 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of US$3.3 trillion as of Dec 2011.
The TSE is incorporated as a kabushiki gaisha with nine directors, four auditors and eight executive officers. Its headquarters are located at 2-1 Nihonbashi-kabutocho, Chūō, Tokyo. "Kabutocho" is the largest financial district in Japan. Its operating hours are from 9:00 to 11:30 am, and from 12:30 to 3:00 pm. From April 24, 2006, the afternoon trading session started at its usual time of 12:30 p.m.
Stocks listed on the TSE are separated into the First Section for large companies, the Second Section for mid-sized companies, and the Mothers (Market of the high-growth and emerging stocks) (ja:マザーズ?) section for high-growth startup companies. As of October 31, 2010, there are 1,675 First Section companies, 437 Second Section companies and 182 Mothers companies.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Akitoshi Kawazu
Akitoshi Kawazu (河津 秋敏, Kawazu Akitoshi?, born 1962) is a Japanese game producer and game designer who was born in Kumamoto Prefecture. He studied ceramics at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Kawazu joined Square (later Square Enix) in 1985. He is the creator of the SaGa and Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles series of role-playing video games and is now an executive producer at Square Enix and the head of the company's Production Team 2.
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Hiromichi Tanaka
Hiromichi Tanaka (田中 弘道, Tanaka Hiromichi?, born January 7, 1962) is a Japanese video game developer, game producer, game director and game designer. He is currently Senior Vice President of Software Development at Square Enix (formerly Square) and the head of Square Enix's Product Development Division-3. He is best known as the former lead developer of Final Fantasy XI, Square's first massively multiplayer online role playing game (MMORPG). He oversaw ongoing development of that title and Final Fantasy XIV until late 2010. He also recently led the development of the Nintendo DS version of Final Fantasy III, having worked in a senior role on the original version of the game in 1990.
In 1983, Tanaka dropped out of Yokohama National University along with Hironobu Sakaguchi to join Square, a newly formed software branch of the Denyuusha Electric Company. Along with Sakaguchi and Kazuhiko Aoki, Tanaka was part of Square's original Planning and Development department.
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Hiroyuki Ito
Hiroyuki Ito (伊藤 裕之, Itō Hiroyuki?), also credited with the spelling Hiroyuki Itou, is a Japanese game producer, game director and game designer who has been working for Square Enix since 1987. He is famous for being the creator of various gameplay systems used in the Final Fantasy series. Examples of his work include Active Time Battle (ATB), Ability Points (AP), Active Time Event (ATE), Active Dimension Battle (ADB) and Gambits. Hiroyuki Ito is also famous for being the director and game designer of Final Fantasy VI, Final Fantasy IX and Final Fantasy XII.
Hiroyuki Ito joined Square in 1987 just after finishing college. He was initially aiming to join a large software development company but could not find any work. As a result, he joined Square, a small company at the time, as a debugger to help pay his bills while he continued to look for work at a larger company.
The first game Hiroyuki Ito worked on was Rad Racer. After this game was released, Square was planning to close due to the poor sales and reception of their games. They decided to develop one last game called Final Fantasy. While debugging this game, Hiroyuki Ito played the game earnestly and sometimes did not sleep for over 24 hours as he was worried that if the game was unsuccessful that Square would close and he would lose his job. The game was a success when released and saved the company from bankruptcy. Ito went on to be a debugger for the sequel Final Fantasy II and then participated in other projects in various roles other than debugging.
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Koichi Ishii
Koichi Ishii (石井 浩一, Ishii Kōichi?, born July 9, 1964), sometimes credited as Kouichi Ishii, is a video game designer perhaps best known for creating the Mana series (known as Seiken Densetsu in Japan). He joined Square (now Square Enix) in 1987, where he has directed or produced every game released in the Mana series (as of 2006). He has also contributed to several games in Square Enix's SaGa and Final Fantasy series, and created the well-known chocobo and moogle characters.
Ishii was the head of Square Enix's Product Development Division-8 but has since left Square Enix after the release of the World of Mana series. He formed a new developer Grezzo Games, Inc in April 2007.
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Takashi Tokita
Takashi Tokita (時田 貴司, Tokita Takashi?) (born 24 January 1965) is a Japanese video game developer working for Square Enix. He has worked there since 1985, and has worked as the lead designer for Final Fantasy IV as well as the director of Parasite Eve and Chrono Trigger.
Tokita joined Square in 1985 at the same time as Akitoshi Kawazu and Nasir Gebelli. He was initially a part-time employee doing graphic design work and sound effects, but switched to full-time when he became the lead designer of 1991's Final Fantasy IV. Before working on the game, Tokita wanted to make a career as a theater actor, but working on the game made him decide to become a "great creator" of video games. He was one of only 14 people working on the game. Tokita feels that Final Fantasy IV is the first game in the series to really pick up on drama, and the first Japanese RPG to feature "such deep characters and plot".
He is well known for having directed Parasite Eve and written the game's story. He is also known for his role as a director for Chrono Trigger. Tokita is the head of Square Enix's Product Development Division-7. When he started working in the video game industry, Tokita feels that game design was about "what can you create? What kind of software can you provide for a specific platform?" Now, however, he feels that game development is about "infrastructure and content".
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Taku Murata
Taku Murata (村田 琢, Murata Taku?) is a video game programmer working for Square Enix (formerly Square), as well as the general manager of the research and development division of the company. He was born in 1965 and joined Square in 1991. He is most notable as the main programmer for Final Fantasy Tactics and Vagrant Story. He also worked on the development of the PlayOnline service. His latest work is on Final Fantasy XII as the programming supervisor of the game.
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Toshiro Tsuchida
Toshiro Tsuchida (土田 俊郎, Tsuchida Toshirō?) (born 1964) is a Japanese game director and game producer who formerly worked for Square Enix Co., Ltd. (formerly Square Co., Ltd.). He is most notably credited for creating the Front Mission and Arc the Lad media franchises. Tsuchida was also the battle director for both Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy XIII.
As battle director of Final Fantasy X, he pulled away the Active Time Battle (ATB) system, which started with Final Fantasy IV and originally designed by Hiroyuki Ito, replacing it with a more strategic battle system, which is known as the Conditional Turn-Based Battle (CTB) system. He kept Final Fantasy IV in mind when working on Final Fantasy X.
Tsuchida was the head of Research & Development Department 7 under Square Co., Ltd., and Product Development Division-6 with Square Enix Co., Ltd. He has recently worked on Final Fantasy XIII as the battle planning director in 2010. Toshiro left Square Enix Co., Ltd. on February 28, 2011.
Before joining Square Co., Ltd., Toshiro Tsuchida worked for Japanese development studios Masaya and G-Craft, the latter of which he founded in 1993 after leaving Masaya. During the development of Front Mission 2 and Front Mission Alternative, Square initiated talks with Tsuchida in an attempt to purchase G-Craft in 1997. As the buyout occurred during Front Mission 2's development, it became the last title with G-Craft credited as the developer.
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Yasuhiro Fukushima
Yasuhiro Fukushima (福嶋 康博, Fukushima Yasuhiro?) (born August 18, 1947 in Asahikawa, Hokkaido) is the founder of Japanese video game software giant Enix and largest shareholder of the company's successor, Square Enix following Enix's merger with Square Co., Ltd. As of 2010, Fukushima is ranked #34 on Forbes Magazine's "Japan 40 Richest" list with an estimated networth of US$710 million.
In November 2009, he was awarded with a Medal of Honour with blue ribbon by the Government of Japan.
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Yasumi Matsuno
Yasumi Matsuno (松野 泰己, Matsuno Yasumi?, born October 24, 1965) is a video game designer. He is one of a few designers to have two games receive a perfect score by Famitsu magazine. Vagrant Story and Final Fantasy XII were critically acclaimed by the magazine with a 40/40 score.
Matsuno began his career at the Japanese video game developer Quest, where he created the Ogre Battle series of tactical role-playing games.
In 1995, Matsuno joined Square after quitting Quest. His colleagues at Square Enix usually called him by his nickname "YAZZ".
At Square, Matsuno oversaw the development of Final Fantasy Tactics, as well as being the sole writer on the project, for the PlayStation. Similar in design and gameplay to Tactics Ogre, it was lauded for its highly intricate and convoluted story.
After the release of Final Fantasy Tactics, Matsuno and his team began development on Vagrant Story. Smaller in scope than Final Fantasy Tactics, Vagrant Story was still highly regarded by critics and has gained somewhat of a cult following since its release. The game was one of the best selling games for Square on the PlayStation system.
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Yoichi Wada
Yoichi Wada (和田 洋一, Wada Yōichi?) (born May 28, 1959 in Nagoya, Japan) is the current president and representative director of the Japanese video game and publishing company Square Enix as well as its subsidiary Taito. He is also the current chairman of the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association (CESA) and the vice chairman of the Digital Content Use Promotion Conference.
Wada was born on May 28, 1959 in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. As a student, Wada wanted to become the president of a company as a profession, rather than gradually working his way up in a company through his entire career. He set for himself the objective of becoming a president by the age of 40. After receiving a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Tokyo, he went through an apprenticeship in the financial services group and global investment bank Nomura Securities in order to build a track record. Starting in 1984, he served in the group as part of the corporate strategy division, the investment banking division, and finally the controller division. He also worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Warsaw, Poland. In 2000, he decided to join "a company with a 'theme'", and, thinking that one of the themes of the 21st century was "creating society", chose the video game company Square.
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Yoshinori Kitase
Yoshinori Kitase (北瀬 佳範, Kitase Yoshinori?, born 23 September 1966) is a Japanese game producer and former game director that has been working for Square Enix since 1 April 1990. He is mostly known for his work on the role-playing video game series Final Fantasy. He currently serves as the producer of the Final Fantasy games developed by Square Enix 1st Production Department.
Kitase wanted to become a film director after seeing the movie Star Wars at the age of 12, when it was released in Japan. After earning a degree in cinema from the Nihon University College of Art, he worked for a small animation studio, producing animated cartoons for commercials and television programs. In 1990, after one year of employment, he decided to join the video game company Square, despite having no computer knowledge.
Kitase is best known as the director of Final Fantasy VI (with Hiroyuki Ito), Final Fantasy VII, and Final Fantasy VIII. Kitase described his first ten years of work at Square as that of an "event scripter", directing the characters' movements and expressions on the game screen as well as setting the timings and music transitions. He has compared this work to that of a stage director.
wn.com/Yoshinori_Kitase
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|
| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Traded as | TYO: 9684 |
| Industry | Software & programming Books & magazines (Japan only) |
| Founded | September 22, 1975 (Enix)[1] September 1986 (Square Co.)[1] April 1, 2003 (as Square Enix)[1] October 1, 2008 (as Square Enix Holdings)[1] |
| Headquarters | Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan |
| Key people | Yasuhiro Fukushima, Honorary Chairman Yoichi Wada, President and CEO (Square Enix & Taito) Keiji Honda, Executive Vice President Phil Rogers, President and CEO (Square Enix Europe) Mike Fischer,[2] President and CEO (Square Enix, Inc.) |
| Products | Final Fantasy Dragon Quest Kingdom Hearts Tomb Raider Hitman Deus Ex Thief |
| Revenue |  ¥127,896 million (April 1, 2011 - March 31, 2012)[3] |
| Net income | (¥6,060 million) (April 1, 2011 - March 31, 2012)[3] |
| Employees | 3,297 (as of March 31, 2011)[4] |
| Subsidiaries | Square Enix Group Taito Group Square Enix Europe[5] Eidos Group |
| Website | www.square-enix.com |
Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社スクウェア・エニックス・ホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Sukuea Enikkusu Hōrudingusu?) TYO: 9684 is a Japanese video game publisher[6] and distribution company best known for its role-playing video game franchises, which include the Final Fantasy series, the Dragon Quest series, and the Kingdom Hearts action RPG series. Its headquarters are located in the Shinjuku Bunka Quint Building in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo.[7][8]
The original Square Enix was formed as the result of a merger between Square and Enix. The merger occurred on April 1, 2003, with Square stockholders receiving 0.85 shares of stock in the new company compared to Enix stockholders receiving a one-to-one trade.[9] Enix was the surviving company of the merger.[10] At the time, 80% of Square Enix staff were made up of former Square Co. employees.[11] As part of the merger, many of the top officials within Square Co. assumed the leadership roles in the new corporate hierarchy, including president Yoichi Wada, who was appointed president of the corporation. The original founder of Enix, Yasuhiro Fukushima, is currently the honorary chairman and largest shareholder of the corporation.[12]
The company also owns Taito Corporation, best known for arcade games such as Space Invaders and Bubble Bobble, and former game publisher Eidos Interactive, which has been absorbed into Square Enix Europe. Square Enix now publishes all of Eidos' IPs and runs Eidos' development studios. Eidos was most well known for publishing the Tomb Raider, Hitman, Deus Ex, Thief, Legacy of Kain and Championship Manager series of games.
Contents |
Corporate history[link]
 |
This section is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (October 2009) |
- April 1, 2003 - Square Enix formed in a merger between Square Co., Ltd. and the Enix Corporation.
- July 2003 - Square Enix relocated its headquarters to Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo.[1]
- March 2004 - Square Enix acquired UIEvolution, Inc. in order to strengthen its wireless market.
- January 2005 - Square Enix founded Square Enix (China) Co., Ltd (China), expanding their interests in the People's Republic of China (The company also has a controlling interest in Community Network Software Engine of Beijing, China which focuses on network middle-ware for gaming)
- August 22, 2005 - Square Enix announced its acquisition of the gaming developer and publisher, Taito Corporation, renowned for their arcade hits, such as Space Invaders and the Bubble Bobble series.
- September 28, 2005 - The acquisition of Taito is completed.
- week of September 5, 2006 - Square Enix sued for breaking a contract with Soft-World International.[13]
- December 2007 - UIEvolution splits from Square Enix to become an independent company
- August 29, 2008 - Square Enix made plans for a friendly takeover of Tecmo by purchasing shares at a 30 percent premium with a total bid of 22.3 billion yen.[14]
- September 4, 2008 - Square Enix withdrew their offer after Tecmo rejected the proposed takeover.[15] Pure Dreams series formed.
- October 1, 2008: Square Enix transforms into a holding company and is renamed into Square Enix Holdings. At the same time the gaming, contents and publishing businesses are transferred to a spin-off named Square Enix,[1] sharing the same corporate leadership and offices with the holding.[4][16]
- February 12, 2009 - Square Enix Holdings announced a takeover deal worth £84.3 million (32p per share) for Eidos plc, the holding company for Eidos Interactive, the UK-based publisher of the Tomb Raider, Hitman, Deus Ex, Thief and Legacy of Kain franchises.[17]
- April 22, 2009 - The acquisition of Eidos is completed.
Business model[link]
The business model of Square Enix is centered on the idea of "polymorphic content", which consists in developing franchises on all potential hardware or media rather than being restricted by a single gaming platform.[18] An early example of this strategy is Enix's Fullmetal Alchemist manga series, which has been adapted into two anime TV series, two movies, and several novels and video games. Other polymorphic projects include Compilation of Final Fantasy VII, Code Age, World of Mana, Ivalice Alliance and Fabula Nova Crystallis: Final Fantasy. According to Yoichi Wada, "it's very difficult to hit the jackpot, as it were. Once we've hit it, we have to get all the juice possible out of it".[19]
The standard game design model of Square Enix is to establish the plot, characters and art of the game first. Battle systems, field maps and cutscenes are created next. A typical game of the company involves a team of at most 200 people. Square Enix doesn't usually use other companies' engines, preferring to code from scratch.[20] According to Taku Murata, Square Enix has settled into this game making model since Square's Final Fantasy VII in 1997 and did not try other approaches since,[21] as Enix did not have any internal development studio. Similar to Sony's Greatest Hits program, Square Enix sometimes re-releases games under the Ultimate Hits label, a designation given to games that have achieved a certain level of sales, at a reduced retail price.
In 2004, Square Enix began to work on a "common 3D format" which would allow the entire company to develop titles without being restricted to a specific platform: this led to the creation of a game engine, named Crystal Tools, which is compatible with the PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360, Windows-based PCs and to some extent the Wii.[22] Nevertheless, Square Enix has also begun considering other companies' engines and programming languages, licencing Epic Games' Unreal engine in 2007 for use in The Last Remnant,[23] and using the Squirrel language for the WiiWare title Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King.[20]
Production teams[link]
| No. | Head | Employees | Games developed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Square | ||||
| 1 | Yoshinori Kitase | 150–300 | Final Fantasy X-2 International + Last Mission | |
| 2 | Akitoshi Kawazu | ca 100 | Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles | |
| 3 | Hiromichi Tanaka | 61 | Final Fantasy XI: Rise of the Zilart | |
| 4 | Yasumi Matsuno | ca 100 | Final Fantasy Tactics Advance, Final Fantasy XII | |
| 5 | Yusuke Hirata | 100 | All Star Pro-Wrestling III | |
| 6 | Toshiro Tsuchida | 57 | Front Mission 3, Front Mission 1st, Front Mission 4 | |
| 7 | Takashi Tokita | ca 20 | Hanjuku Hero Tai 3D, Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls[26] | |
| 8 | Koichi Ishii | 7 | Sword of Mana | |
| Enix | ||||
| 9 | Yuu Miyake | 11 | Kenshin Dragon Quest, Dragon Quest Monsters, Dragon Quest VIII | |
| 10 | Yosuke Saito | 16 | none (staff of producers) |
In 2003, Square Enix's development staff consisted of eight Square and two Enix Product Development Divisions (開発事業部, kaihatsu jigyōbu?).[24][25][27] Product Development Division 5 had a management office in Tokyo but the actual development team was based in Osaka. All the other Product Development Divisions had their development teams based in Tokyo.[24]
As of May, 2005, Product Development Division 10 was headed by Yoshinori Yamagishi.[28] Yusuke Hirata, the former head of Product Development Division 5, left Square Enix in June, 2005 to join Aquaplus.[29] He was replaced by Yoichi Yoshimoto.
Yasumi Matsuno, the former head of Product Development Division 4, left in August, 2005 due to prolonged sickness.[30] He was replaced by Hiroyuki Ito.
Koichi Ishii, the former head of Product Development Division 8, left in April, 2007 to start game development company Grezzo.[31] As a result, Product Development Division 8 was closed and the remaining staff transferred to other divisions.
Toshiro Tsuchida, the former head of Product Development Division 6, left in March, 2011 to join GREE.[32][33] It is currently unknown if somebody has replaced him or if Product Development Division 6 has been closed and the staff transferred to other divisions.
1st Production Department[link]
At present, the teams in charge of Fabula Nova Crystallis: Final Fantasy, Compilation of Final Fantasy VII, Dissidia: Final Fantasy and the Kingdom Hearts series is collectively referred to as the 1st Production Department (第1制作部, dai-ichi seisakubu?). The current structure of the 1st Production Department is the result of a fall 2010 merger between Product Development Division 1 in Tokyo and Product Development Division 5 in Osaka.[34] However, despite the new name, there is no 2nd and 3rd Production Department as the other divisions maintain their original names.[34]
Properties[link]
Video games[link]
Square Enix's main concentration is on video gaming. Of its properties, the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling, with a total worldwide sales of over 100 million units as of June 2011.[35] Square Enix's Dragon Quest franchise is considered one of the most popular game series in Japan and new installments regularly outsell other games at the times of their release. Of the 57 million units of games in the series sold so far, about 52.4 million have been from Japan, about 2.9 million have been from North America, and about 1.7 million have been from Europe.[36] More recently, Square Enix's Kingdom Hearts series (developed in collaboration with Disney's Buena Vista Games) has become popular.
In early 2003, Square Enix's U.S. subsidiary registered the Dragon Quest trademark, retiring the Dragon Warrior moniker, which was necessitated in 1989 due a trademark conflict with the now defunct TSR, Inc.. In May 2004, Square Enix announced an agreement with Sony Online Entertainment for the Japanese publishing rights to EverQuest II. Square Enix has produced or is producing titles for most major consoles beginning with the Nintendo Entertainment System, though never on a Sega platform. Square Enix has historically developed exclusively for certain consoles. The company developed its flagship games almost exclusively for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation, and PlayStation 2 in their respective eras. However, Square Enix is not developing all of its major titles for one console exclusively in the seventh generation, as they have done in the past, but instead released the next major installment in the Final Fantasy series, Final Fantasy XIII on both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in North America and Europe, and has recently announced that Dragon Quest X will be released on the Wii. Square Enix has also developed titles for handheld game consoles, including the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable. In addition, they have published games for Microsoft Windows-based personal computers, and for various models of mobile phones. Square Enix mobile phone games are available on the Vodafone network in some European countries, including Ireland, Great Britain, Spain, and France. Twenty-seven Square Enix games were included in Famitsu magazine's 'Top 100 Games Ever', seven being in the top ten list, with Final Fantasy X claiming the number one position.[37]
Before its launch, Michihiro Sasaki, senior vice president of Square Enix, spoke about the PlayStation 3, saying "We don't want the PlayStation 3 to be the overwhelming loser, so we want to support them, but we don't want them to be the overwhelming winner either, so we can't support them too much."[38] Square Enix continued to reiterate their devotion to multi-platform publishing in 2007, promising more support for the North American and European gaming markets where console pluralism is generally more prevalent than in Japan.[39] Their interest in multi-platform development was made clear in 2008 when the previously PlayStation 3-exclusive game Final Fantasy XIII was announced for release on the Xbox 360.
In 2008, Square Enix and Gas Powered Games announced partnership on the game Supreme Commander 2.[40] On July 8, 2008, Square Enix released their first game for the iPod, Song Summoner: The Unsung Heroes. Square Enix made a new brand for kids gaming that same year, known as Pure Dreams. Its purpose is to create games suitable for kids. The brand is now planning more games. Pure Dreams have just completed their first two games, Snoopy DS: Let's Go Meet Snoopy and His Friends (released in Japan on October 9, 2008) and Pingu's Wonderful Carnival (released in Japan on November 6, 2008). Fortress was the codename of a video game that was to be a spin-off of Square Enix's Final Fantasy series. It was envisioned as an action game set in the fictional world of Ivalice, and was intended for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows platforms.[citation needed] Although not yet officially announced, the project's existence was revealed after the closure of the original developer, GRIN, by former members of the development team and sources in the video game industry. The game had been cancelled,[41] along with Highlander: The Game, Downfall: San Francisco,[42] Gun Loco,[43] Catacombs,[44] and Project Dropship.[45]
In 2009, Square Enix acquired Eidos, the company responsible for popular game series such as Tomb Raider, Hitman, Deus Ex, Thief and Legacy of Kain, as well as the publishing of the Windows versions of Final Fantasy VII and VIII. Square Enix has absorbed Eidos into a new division called Square Enix Europe. Square Enix will also create a new game engine called Luminous Studio.[46]
Square Enix also helped deliver Ubisoft games to Japan since 2009.[47]
Online gaming[link]
Before the merger, Enix published its first online game Cross Gate in Japan, mainland China, and Taiwan in 2001 and Square release Final Fantasy XI in Japan on May 16, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. With the huge success after Square Enix released Final Fantasy XI worldwide in March 2004, Microsoft had the game ported into the Xbox 360 two years later, making it the first Final Fantasy game ever to be on the Xbox console. Due to the success of their MMORPG, Square Enix began a new project called Fantasy Earth: The Ring of Dominion. GamePot, a Japanese game portal, got the license to publish Fantasy Earth in Japan and it was released in Japan as "Fantasy Earth ZERO." In November 2006, however, Square Enix dropped the Fantasy Earth Zero project, giving acquisition to GamePot.
A next-gen MMORPG code named Rapture was developed by the Final Fantasy XI team using the company's Crystal Tools engine. It was unveiled at E3 2009 that the MMO, Final Fantasy XIV, for PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows, was released on September 30, 2010. A code to have a chance to be included in the Final Fantasy XIV beta was included with the PS3 version of Final Fantasy XIII. Also included is a code for an in-game item upon the release of Final Fantasy XIV.
Dragon Quest X was announced in September 2011 as an MMORPG being developed for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U consoles.[48]
On May 8, 2012, Square Enix announced a collaberation with Bigpoint Games to create Gameglobe, a free-to-play game platform that "throws players into 'limitless game worlds' directly through their web browser".[49] Square Enix is also making Facebook games, like Chocobo's Crystal Tower and Knights of the Crystals,[50][51] and online games for Yahoo! Japan, such as Monster x Dragon[52] and Crystal Conquest.[53]
Other media[link]
The company has made two forays into the film industry. The first, Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (2001), was produced by Square subsidiary Square Pictures prior to the merger (Square Pictures is now a consolidated subsidiary of Square Enix).[54] Its box-office failure caused Enix to delay the merger, which was already considered before the creation of the film, for fear of associating itself with a company that loses money.[55] In 2005, Square Enix released Final Fantasy VII Advent Children, a CGI-animation movie based on the PlayStation game Final Fantasy VII, set two years after the events of the game.
The company also has a manga publishing division in Japan (originally from Enix) called Gangan Comics, which publishes content for the Japanese market only. However, in 2010, Square Enix launched a digital manga store for North American audiences via its Members services, which contains several notable series published in Gangan anthologies.[56] Titles published by Gangan Comics include Black God, Durarara, Papuwa, Haré+Guu, Pani Poni, Spiral, He is My Master, Yumekui Kenbun, Doubt, Bamboo Blade, Heroman, Pandora Hearts, Black Butler, Soul Eater, Zombie Loan, Tasogare Otome x Amnesia, Fullmetal Alchemist, and Higurashi no Naku Koro ni. Other titles include manga adaptations of diverse Square Enix games, like Dragon Quest, Kingdom Hearts and Star Ocean. Some of these titles have also been adapted into anime series.
Fullmetal Alchemist so far is the most successful offspring of Square Enix's manga branch, with more than 30 million volumes sold in Japan alone. The anime series obtained great popularity and even spawned a movie sequel. Both series and movie are licensed to many locations worldwide (in North America by FUNimation Entertainment). The same occurs with its manga series, licensed in North America by Viz Media. Kingdom Hearts and Spiral were licensed in North America by Tokyopop; Tokyopop dropped Spiral, but the title was later licensed again by Hachette's Yen Press, which has licensed other Square Enix titles including Soul Eater, Bamboo Blade and Higurashi no Naku Koro ni. Other titles like Soul Eater, Sekirei, Bamboo Blade and Shikabane Hime also were adapted to TV and licensed to other countries, including a second Fullmetal Alchemist anime series which debuted on Japanese television in 2009 and America on Adult Swim in 2010.
Square Enix also has a smartphone subsidiary, HipposLab.[57]
Subsidiaries[link]
- Square Enix Co., Ltd. (Japan, Headquarters) Shinjuku Bunka Quint Building in Shibuya, Tokyo.
- Square Enix Montreal (Montreal, Canada) Announced November 21, 2011. Planned for opening in 2012.[58]
- Square Enix, Inc. (North America) the third floor of 999 North Sepulveda Boulevard in El Segundo, California, United States.
- Square Enix Ltd. (Europe/ PAL areas) the second floor of the Castle House in Borough of Islington in London, United Kingdom.
- Square Enix (China) Co., Ltd. Room 610 of Golder Plaza, No. 10 in Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.[59]
- Digital Entertainment Academy Co. Ltd.
- Square Enix Mobile
- Taito (Headquartered in Japan), founded in 1953, acquired on September 28, 2005.
- Visual Works, a CGI studio previously known as Square Visual Works.
Reviews and rating[link]
- The company won IGN's award for Best Developer of 2006 for the PlayStation 2.[60]
- Square Enix's North American subsidiary, Square Enix, Inc., joined The Better Business Bureau in July 2007 and was assigned a rating of "C++". The BBB rating has since been upgraded to "A+".[61]
References[link]
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- ^ a b http://www.square-enix.com/eng/news/pdf/12q4earnings.pdf
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- ^ "Interview: Square Enix's National Manager of Merchandise, Kanji Tashiro". Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interview/2008-08-03/square-enix-national-manager-of-merchandise-kanji-tashiro. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ "Corporate Profile." Square Enix Corporation. Retrieved on January 30, 2011. "Headquarters Shinjuku Bunka Quint Bldg. 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku,Tokyo 151-8544, Japan."
- ^ "Map." Square Enix Corporation. Retrieved on January 30, 2011. "Location Shinjuku Bunka Quint Bldg. 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8544, Japan."
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- ^ Square Peg, European Hole Interview // None /// Eurogamer
- ^ Square Dance // GamesIndustry.biz
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- ^ a b c "スクウェアエニックス、合併後の事業部の様子と開発中ソフト". V Jump (Shueisha Inc.). 2003-09-20. Archived from the original on 2003-12-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20031227093329/http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~nanko/news.cgi?id=2003092011.
- ^ a b Winkler, Chris (2003). "Square Enix Talks Current Status". RPGFan.com. http://www.rpgfan.com/news/2003/1934.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "インタビュー『Final Fantasy I・II Advance』" (in Japanese). Dengeki Online. ASCII Media Works, Inc.. 2004. http://dol.dengeki.com/soft/recommend/ff-gba/. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ "(TGS)スクエニ第1開発事業部新規タイトル発表会、詳細レポート！" (in Japanese). Dengeki Online. ASCII Media Works Inc.. 2003-09-26. Archived from the original on 2011-01-20. http://www.webcitation.org/5vsjJ2RSK. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
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- ^ Pigna, Kris. "Square Enix and Gas Powered Games partner for Supreme Commander 2". 1UP.com. http://www.1up.com/news/square-enix-gas-powered-games. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
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- ^ "Catacombs – The Game Cavia And Square Enix Were Working On After Nier". http://www.siliconera.com/2012/04/30/catacombs-the-game-cavia-and-square-enix-were-working-on-after-nier/. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
- ^ "Square Enix's canceled top-down shooter Project Dropship revealed". http://www.joystiq.com/2011/06/30/square-enixs-canceled-top-down-shooter-project-dropship-reveale/. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
- ^ "Square Enix shines light on new in-house HD game engine". http://www.neoseeker.com/news/17247-square-enix-shines-light-on-new-in-house-hd-game-engine/. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- ^ "Square Enix To Deliver Ubisoft Games To Japan". http://kotaku.com/5126173/square-enix-to-deliver-ubisoft-games-to-japan. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ^ "Square Enix to launch Dragon Quest X for Wii U". EDGE Online. http://www.next-gen.biz/news/dragon-quest-x-confirmed-wii-u. Retrieved 2011-09-05.
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- ^ "Chocobo's Crystal Tower". IGN. Archived from the original on 2011-08-17. http://pc.ign.com/objects/101/101561.html. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
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- ^ [1] p. 31 and 55
- ^ Andrew Long. "Square-Enix Gives Chrono Break Trademark Some Playmates". RPGamer. http://www.rpgamer.com/news/Q2-2003/042503e.html.
- ^ Square Enix Launches Online Manga Store | Square Enix
- ^ Mike Rose. "Square Enix Forms New Japanese Mobile Studio Hippos Lab". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/33668/Square_Enix_Forms_New_Japanese_Mobile_Studio_Hippos_Lab.php.
- ^ "[2]
- ^ "Corporate Locations." Square Enix Japan. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
- ^ "IGN presents Best of 2006". IGN.com. 2006. http://bestof.ign.com/2006/ps2/38.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Square Enix, Inc". The Better Business Bureau of the Southland, Inc.. http://www.la.bbb.org/Business-Report/Square-Enix-Inc-13168063. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
External links[link]
- Square Enix Global Site
- History of Enix and Square (Official Site)
- PlayOnline Square Enix's Portal for their Online titles including Final Fantasy XI & Front Mission Online
- Financial details of Square Enix's acquisition of Taito
- The official Square Enix YouTube channel
- Square Enix profile on MobyGames
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Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社スクウェア・エニックス・ホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Sukuea Enikkusu Hōrudingusu?) TYO: 9684 is a Japanese video game publisher and distribution company best known for its role-playing video game franchises, which include the Final Fantasy series, the Dragon Quest series, and the Kingdom Hearts action RPG series. Its headquarters are located in the Shinjuku Bunka Quint Building in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo.
The original Square Enix was formed as the result of a merger between Square and Enix. The merger occurred on April 1, 2003, with Square stockholders receiving 0.85 shares of stock in the new company compared to Enix stockholders receiving a one-to-one trade. Enix was the surviving company of the merger. At the time, 80% of Square Enix staff were made up of former Square Co. employees. As part of the merger, many of the top officials within Square Co. assumed the leadership roles in the new corporate hierarchy, including president Yoichi Wada, who was appointed president of the corporation. The original founder of Enix, Yasuhiro Fukushima, is currently the honorary chairman and largest shareholder of the corporation.
