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The Kakar (or Kaker) are a Pashtun tribe, with members living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Legendary origin[link]

Kakar Afghan was one of the grandsons of Qais Abdur Rashid. Kakar's father's name was Dani, son of Gharghasht, who was the son of Qais in the Afghan appendix of tribes. According to Afghan and Muslim historians, Gharghasht was alive in 388 hijri (by the Islamic calendar).

In some parts of Afghanistan, Kakar tribal people are also called Kakar-khel. In Herat, the Kakar are locally called Kak. Historically, the tribe has been called Kak-kor (lit. family of Kak). The tomb of Kakar (or Kak) is in front of Herat central Jamia Masjid's gate. Afghan historians concur that Kakar was first buried in Kohistan, which is in Ghor province of Afghanistan, but Herat's ruler Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq brought the body to be re-buried in a mosque in the city.

Muhammad of Ghor was also Kakar, and he belonged to the sub-tribe called Taghluk or Taghruq. Dani had four more sons named Panai, Babai, Naghar and Davi. Kakar had 18 real sons and four adopted sons - 22 sons altogether.

The names of Kakar's eighteen biological sons are as follows

1. Taraghzai (Taragharai)
2. Jadram
3. Serad or Sherdad
4. Zalghozi
5. Dumar
6. Musazai or Musakhel
7. Younaskhel
8. Samkhel
9. Darpikhel or Arpikhel
10. Jalalkhel
11. Mukranikhel
12. Rankhkhel
13. Essakhel
14. Sargarai
15. Kapip
16. Khatankhel
17. Yaqubzai
18. Osean

The adopted sons' names are:

1. Pindar or Beadar
2. Churmaikhel
3. Lanbar
4. Farmalai

Some well-known subtribes of Kakar are the Sanzarkhel,jalalzai, Sargarh(sargaree), Barakzai, Parizon, Samkhel, Abdullahzai, Jogizai, Meerdadzai, khuidadzai, Abubakar-zai, Kudezai, Shabozai, Hamzazai, Kibzai and others. There are Kakar people living in every province of Afghanistan.

History[link]

According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908); the Kakar, historically the first tribe in Balochistan with (105,444) persons, the Tareen historically are the second largest tribe in Baluchistan.

According to the history of Afghanistan, the Kakar tribe established an empire in Afghanistan. The originator of the Kakar tribe was Dani, who was son of Gharghasht and grandson of Qais Abdur Rashid.

Subtribes[link]

Some Afghan clans related to the Kakar family include:

The Panezai is the biggest clan among Snatia, who live in Bostan, Khanozai, Ziarat Rode Malazai, Gulistan, Ajram, Kandahar province, Harnai and Quetta. Sarghari are the sub-cast of the Kakar tribe, living in Kuchlak the southern region of Killasaifullah District, Pishin, Muslim bagh and Ajram and Toba. The Bostan tribes are living in Zabul province, Kandahar province and some tribes are in Dehli.

The Kakari, Sanzarkhel, Sarghari and Santia, sub-tribes of the Abubakarzai Kakar, are the largest subtribes of the Kakar in Balochistan. Out of these sub-tribes, Ahmedkhel is the biggest sub-tribe. Historians such as Abdul Hai Habibi and Bahdur Shah Zafar Kakakhel are confident that the Jadoon are also part of the Kakar tribe. Hanbhi are included in the Alizai Kakar.

Additionally, the Kakar also make up the largest tribe of Pashtuns. The Kudezai, Rahatzai, Shabozai, Utmankhel, Hamzazai, Kibzai and Jogezai are also sub tribes of Kakar, living in Zhob and Loralai.

Notable members[link]

• Khan Abdul Ghani Khan, Pashtoon nationalist, poet and writer
• Abdul Hai Habibi, writer
• Muhammad Sarwar Khan Kakar, deceased Senator who was eight times elected Minister and ex-Speaker of the Balochistan Assembly
• Mohammad Rabbani, Prime Minister of Afghanistan
• Abdul Waheed Kakar, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army from 12 January 1993 to 12 January 1996
• Abdur Rab Nishtar, a Muslim League stalwart, Pakistani movement activist and Pakistani politician.
• Safwat Ghayur,commandant of the Frontier Constabulary
• Palay Khan (alias Palay Shah), a warrior and freedom fighter
• Nashenas, Pashto and Persian singer, from the Musazai sub-tribe of Kakar
• Baran Khan Kudezai, Pashtoon politician and founding member of Anjuman-e-Watan
• Dadullah, Taliban's senior military commander

 ** TILAK RAJ KAKKAR IPS  ,FORMER POLICE COMMISSIONER OF DELHI. Migrated from Fatehjang ,Pakistan  in 1947 at the age of Six. Now lives in N C R Delhi.

References[link]

• History of Kakar (Gurmukhi), 1989, by Sardar J.S. Kakar
• History of Pashtoon (Persian), 1979, by Sardar Sher Muhammed Gandapur
• A history of Afghan (Persian), 1960, by Abdul Hai Habibi
• The Pathans (English), 1967, by Sir Olaf Caroe
• Pashtoon history (Pashto), 1965, by Syed Bahadur Shah Zafar Kakakhel
• Tarikh-i Khan Jahani wa Makhzan-i Afghani (Persian-Pashto), 1500–1600, by Khwaja Nimatullah Heravi and Hebat Khan Abubakarzai Kakar.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Kakar.

Ayaz Khan
Ayaz Khan in 2009
Born	(1979-04-01) 1 April 1979 (age 33)
Occupation	Actor, model
Years active	2005–present

Ayaz Khan (born 1 April 1979) is an Indian actor and model. He has appeared in such Hindi films as Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na.^[1] He also appeared as Shubhankar Rai on the STAR One medical drama Dill Mill Gayye.^[2] In 2010 he will appear opposite Rahul Bose and Esha Deol in Ghost Ghost Na Raha and will star in Apna Sa with Koyel Mullick.^[1] He is also part of the ensemble cast of Hide & Seek which is slated for release on 12 March 2010. Currently he is playing the role of Gaurav on Parichay (TV Series) on Colors TV.

Khan began working as a model in the late 1990s. He has appeared in over 300 print and television advertisements during his modelling career.^[3]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Ayaz Khan at the Internet Movie Database

This article about an Indian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Sudhir Kakar (born 1938 in Nainital, Uttarakhand, India) is a psychoanalyst, novelist, and a scholar in the fields of cultural psychology and the psychology of religion.

Education And Career[link]

Kakar studied in Gujarat, Mannheim, Frankfurt am Main and Vienna. Kakar received a Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering, a Master’s degree (Diplom-Kaufmann) in business economics and became Doctor of Economics.^[1] He began his training in psychoanalysis at the Sigmund-Freud Institute in Frankfurt, Germany in 1971.

He has been Lecturer at Harvard University, Research Fellow at Harvard Business School, Professor of Organizational Behaviour at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and Head of Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Kakar has also been a Senior Fellow at the Centre for Study of World Religions at Harvard as well as Visiting Professor at the universities of Chicago(1989-92)]], McGill, Melbourne, Hawaii and Vienna and, since 1994, Adjunct Professor of leadership at INSEAD, Fontainbleau. He was also a Fellow at the Institutes of Advanced Study, Princeton, Wissenschaftskolleg, Berlin, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Cologne, a Watumull Distinguished Scholar, Fellow of the National Academy of Psychology and recipient of Bhabha, Nehru and ICSSR National Fellowships in India. Dr. Kakar was in private psychoanalytic practice in New Delhi for 25 years before moving to his current place of residence in Goa, India.

Awards And Honors[link]

Sudhir Kakar’s many honors include the Kardiner Award of Columbia University, Boyer Prize for Psychological Anthropology of the American Anthropological Association, Germany’s Goethe Medal,Rockefeller Residency, McArthur Fellowship, and the Distinguished Service Award of Indo-American Psychiatric Association. He is a member of the International Psychoanalytic Association, New York Academy of Sciences, and Academie Universelle des Cultures, France. As ‘the psychoanalyst of civilizations’, the French weekly Le Nouvel Observateur listed Kakar as one of the world’s 25 major thinkers while the leading German weekly Die Zeit has profiled him as one of the 21 thinkers for the 21st century. His most recent award is the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the country’s highest civilian honor.

Psychoanalysis and mysticism[link]

A portion of Sudhir Kakar's work involves the relationship between psychoanalysis and mysticism. His analyses of personages include that of Swami Vivekananda in The Inner World (1978), Mahatma Gandhi in Intimate Relations (1989), and Ramakrishna in The Analyst and the Mystic (1991).^[2][3]

Kakar’s fiction novel, Ecstasy (2003) deals with the "making of a mystic" and with "two characters who are very different. One is steeped in traditional religiosity. The other is a modern, rational sceptic but who is not closed to tradition. It deals with their encounters. And how one is influenced by the other" and the characters were based on Ramakrishna and Vivekananda. The story is set in Rajasthan of forties or sixties^[4]

Psychoanalyst Alan Roland (2009) writes that when Kakar applies his psychoanalytic understanding to these "three spiritual figures [Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, Ramakrishna]", his analyses are as "fully reductionistic as those of Jeffrey Masson". Roland also disputes the Kakar's theoretical understanding of mysticism from a psychoanalytic standpoint, and writes that it is "highly questionable whether spiritual aspirations, practices, and experiences essentially involve regression."^[2]

Works[link]

Kakar is the author of seventeen books of non-fiction and five of fiction, of which the most recent, published in 2011, are the memoir A Book of Memory, an edited volume On Dreams and Dreaming and the selection The Essential Sudhir Kakar. His books have been translated into twenty one languages around the world.

Non-fiction

• Mad and Divine: Spirit and Psyche in the Modern World
• Inner World: A Psycho-Analytic Study of Childhood and Society in India: Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India, OUP India, 2Rev Ed (14 October 1982) ISBN 0-19-561305-8 (10), ISBN 978-0-19-561305-6 (13)
• Shamans, Mystics, And Doctors
• Tales Of Love, Sex And Danger
• Intimate Relations
• The Colors Of Violence
• The Indians
• Kamasutra
• Fredrick Taylor
• Understanding Organizational Behavior
• Conflict And Choice
• Identity And Adulthood
• The Analyst And The Mystic
• La Folle Et Le Saint
• Culture And Psyche
• The Indian Psyche
• The Essential Writings Of Sudhir Kakar

Fiction

• The Ascetic Of Desire
• Indian Love Stories
• Ecstasy
• Mira And The Mahatma

Bibliography[link]

• Die Inder. Porträt einer Gesellschaft (2006)

Further reading[link]

• T.G. Vaidyanathan & Jeffrey J. Kripal (editors): VISHNU ON FREUD'S DESK : A Reader in Psychoanalysis and Hinduism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-565835-3, Paperback (Edition: 2003)

See also[link]

• Girindrasekhar Bose

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• India from International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis on eNotes.com
• Asia Source interview
• Review of Ecstacy

This article about a psychologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Nayantara Sahgal
Born	(1927-05-10)10 May 1927
Occupation	Writer
Nationality	Indian
Period	20th century
Signature

Nayantara Sahgal (Hindi: नयनतारा सहगल; born 10 May 1927) is an Indian writer in English. Her fiction deals with India's elite responding to the crises engendered by political change; she was one of the first female Indo-Anglian writers to receive wide recognition. She is a member of the Nehru-Gandhi family, the second of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.

She was awarded the 1986 Sahitya Akademi Award for English, for her novel, Rich Like Us (1985), by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.^[1]

Early life[link]

Her father Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, was a successful barrister from Kathiawad and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini into English from Sanskrit. He was arrested for his support of Indian independence and died in Lucknow prison jail in 1944, leaving behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

Nayantara Sahgal speaking at the launch of Mistaken Identity by HarperPerennial in Delhi, November 2007

Sahgal attended a number of schools as a girl, given the turmoil in the Nehru-Gandhi family during the last years (1935–47) of the Indian freedom struggle, wherein her father would die in prison while Nayantara and her sister Chandralekha were overseas attending college. Her uncle Jawaharlal Nehru too was in and out of prison, as a political prisoner, in the 1930s and 1940s. Ultimately, she graduated from Woodstock School in the Himalayan hill station of Landour in 1943 and later from Wellesley College (B.A., 1947), which she attended along with her sister Chandralekha, who graduated 2 years earlier in 1945. She has made her home for decades in Dehradun, a town close to Landour where she had been in boarding school (at Woodstock).

Marriage and career[link]

Sahgal, who has been married twice, was later married to E. N. Mangat Rai, a Punjabi Christian who was an Indian Civil Service officer. Rai died aged 87 in 2003 in Dehradun, where Sahgal and he had lived for several decades, in the house once owned by her mother. Though part of the Nehru-Gandhi family, Sahgal developed a reputation for maintaining her independent critical sense. Her independent tone, and her mother's, would lead to both falling out with her cousin Indira Gandhi during the most autocratic phases of Mrs. Gandhi's time in office in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Indira Gandhi canceled Sahgal's scheduled appointment as India's Ambassador to Italy within days of her return to power. Not one to be intimidated, Sahgal would (in 1982) write a scathing, insightful account of Gandhi's rise to power.^[2][3][4][5]

Gita Sahgal, the writer and journalist on issues of feminism, fundamentalism, and racism, director of prize-winning documentary films, and human rights activist, is her daughter.

Bibliography[link]

• Prison and Chocolate Cake (memoir; 1954)
• From Fear Set Free (novel; 1963)
• A Time to Be Happy (novel; 1963)
• This Time of Morning (novel; 1965)
• Storm in Chandigarh (novel; 1969)
• The Freedom Movement in India (1970)
• Sunlight Surrounds You (novel; 1970) (with Chandralekha Mehta and Rita Dar i.e. her two sisters; this was the daughters' tribute to their mother)
• The Day in Shadow (novel; 1971)
• A Voice for Freedom (1977)
• Indira Gandhi's Emergence and Style (1978)
• Indira Gandhi: Her Road to Power (novel; 1982)
• Plans for Departure (novel; 1985)
• Rich Like Us (novel; 1985)
• Mistaken Identity (novel; 1988)
• A Situation in New Delhi (novel; 1989)
• Lesser Breeds (novel; 2003)

See also[link]

• Nehru-Gandhi family
• Political Families of The World

Further reading[link]

Asha Choubey, The Fictional Milieu of Nayantara Sahgal: A Feminist Perspective. New Delhi: Classical. 2002. Asha Choubey, "A Champion's Cause: A Feminist Study of Nayantara Sahgal's Fiction with Special Reference to Her Last Three Novels".

References[link]

Chitrangada Singh
Born	Chitrangada Singh Randhawa (1976-03-28) 28 March 1976 (age 36) India
Occupation	Actress
Years active	2003-present
Spouse	Jyoti Singh Randhawa (2001 – present)

Chitrangada Singh Randhawa (born 28 March 1976) is an Indian film actress.^[1] She is best known for starring in the 2005 film, Hazaaron Khwaishen Aisi.^[2] She is married to Indian golfer Jyoti Randhawa.^[3]

Early life[link]

Her brother is golfer Digvijay Singh. She, Digvijay and Tina are the children of an Army officer.^{[citation needed]} As a girl, she was known for looking like the late actress Smita Patil.^[4] "You have outdone Smita Patil," said Shekhar Kapur, when he saw Chitrangda Singh's performance in her debut movie Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi (2003). And he is not the only one. She received training in Kathak (a classical dance) and enjoyed acting.^[5][6][7]

Career[link]

She began her career in Delhi as a model before making the transition to the silver screen. After completing her education, she entered modeling, where her ad credits include ICICI bank and Alukkas Jewellery, and gradually shifting to music videos, she performed in Gulzar's "Sunset Point."^[8]

It was in a music video of singer Abhijeet Bhattacharya, that was she was spotted by Sudhir Mishra’s production manager.^[6] Subsequently, she made her much acclaimed debut with Sudhir Mishra's film Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi in 2003.^[9] The role got her wide acclaim: a Washington Post review noted her for giving "her character a deep sense of dignity and decency."^[10] After that Chitrangada acted in the 2005 film Kal: Yesterday and Tomorrow.

She took a break from acting from 2005 to 2008.^[11][12] In 2008, she made her comeback with the leading role opposite Sanjay Suri in the director Onir's romantic-comedy, Sorry Bhai!.^[4] Its release over the weekend of the Mumbai terror attacks proved disastrous at the box office.^[13][14]

In Sudhir Mishra's movie Yeh Saali Zindagi (2011), Chitrangada played the role of an aspiring singer from Delhi who goes to Mumbai to get fame and money. She then starred in Rohit Dhawan's Desi Boyz, where she played the role of an economics teacher opposite Akshay Kumar. Desi Boyz also starred John Abraham and Deepika Padukone. Chitrangada is brand ambassador for Airtel, Parachute,Puma, Borges Olive Oil, Garnier, Aliva Crackers, Taj Mahal Tea and Joyalukkas Jewellers.

Personal life[link]

Chitrangada Singh married golfer Jyoti Randhawa.^[15]

Filmography[link]

Awards[link]

• Won: Bollywood Movie Award - Best Female Debut (2006)
• Nominated: Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer – Female (2006)
• Nominated: Zee Cine Award for Most Promising Debut – Female (2005)
• Nominated: Apsara Award for Best Actress (2005)
• Won: Young Women Achiever Award by FICCI (2009)^[18]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Chitrangada Singh at the Internet Movie Database

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chitrangada Singh

• I just want to go with my instincts: Chitrangada, interview with Rajeev Masand CNN IBN
• Chitrangda Singh Fan Site

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