Reds

Friday, 28 December 2012

Reds - 1981 - Jack Nicholson, Diane Keaton - Great Scene

Henry Miller on Sex & Politics REDS (1981)

CINCINNATI REDS MEMORIES (OCTOBER 4, 1981)

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Armory Show
Many exhibitions have been held in the vast spaces of US National Guard armories, but the Armory Show refers to the 1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art that was organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors. The exhibition ran in New York City's 69th Regiment Armory, on Lexington Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets, from February 17 until March 15, and became an important event in the history of American art, introducing astonished New Yorkers, accustomed to realistic art, to modern art. The show served as a catalyst for American artists, who became more independent and created their own "artistic language".
The Armory Show was the first exhibition mounted by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors and was run by their president, Arthur B. Davies, secretary Walt Kuhn, and Walter Pach. It displayed some 1,300 paintings, sculptures, and decorative works by over 300 avant-garde European and American artists. Impressionist, Fauvist, and Cubist works were represented.

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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finland ⁱ/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.

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Helsinki
Helsinki ( listen (help·info); Swedish: Helsingfors, listen (help·info)) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is 596,233 (31 January 2012), making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is located some 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of St. Petersburg, Russia and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area includes the city of Helsinki and three other cities: Espoo and Vantaa, which immediately border Helsinki to the west and north, respectively; and Kauniainen, which is an enclave within the city of Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan area is the world's northernmost urban area among those with a population of over one million people, and the city is the northernmost capital of a EU member state. Altogether 1.1 million people, approximately one in five Finns, live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km²), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km²), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.

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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a major political leader before and during the Russian Revolutions of 1917.
Kerensky served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government until overthrown in the October Revolution. He died in exile.
Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River into the family of a secondary school principal. His father, Fyodor Kerensky, was a teacher. His mother, Nadezhda Adler, who was partly Jewish, was the daughter of a nobleman, Alexander Adler, head of the Topographical Bureau of the Kazan Military District. Her mother, Nadezhda Kalmykova, was the daughter of a former serf who had bought his freedom before serfdom was abolished in 1861, allowing him to become a wealthy Moscow merchant.^{[unreliable source?]}
Kerensky's father was the headmaster of Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) at a secondary school for boys in Simbirsk, and members of the Kerensky and Ulyanov families were friends. In 1889, when Kerensky was eight, his family moved to Tashkent, where his father had been appointed the main inspector of public schools (superintendent). Kerensky graduated with honors from a Tashkent secondary school in 1899. The same year he entered St. Petersburg University, where he studied history and philology in his first year. The next year he switched to the Law Department and received a law degree in 1904, getting married in the same year to the daughter of a Russian general. He worked as a legal counsel to victims of government violence in early December 1905. At the end of the month he was jailed on suspicion of belonging to a militant group. Afterwards he gained a reputation for his work as a defence lawyer in a number of political trials of revolutionaries.

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Andrew Dasburg
Andrew Michael Dasburg (4 May 1887 – 13 August 1979) was an American modernist painter and "one of America's leading early exponents of cubism".
He was born in 1887 in Paris. He emigrated from Germany to New York City with his widowed mother in 1892. After a severe injury, he passed the time in convalescence by sketching. In 1902 he joined the Art Students League of New York on a scholarship, where he was taught by Kenyon Cox. At the League's summer school in Woodstock, New York, he studied landscapes under Birge Harrison.
In 1909 Dasburg visited Paris and joined the modernist circle of artists living there, including Morgan Russell, Jo Davidson, and Arthur Lee. During a trip to London that same year he married sculptor Grace Mott Johnson. Johnson returned to the United States early the next year, but Dasburg stayed in Paris where he met Henri Matisse, Gertrude Stein and Leo Stein, and became influenced by the paintings of Cézanne and Cubism. He soon became an ardent promoter of the Cubist style.

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Arne Swabeck
Arne Swabeck (1890 – 1986) was an American Communist leader.
Swabeck was born in Denmark and emigrated to the United States where he became one of the founding members of the Communist Party. In the late 1920s he was expelled from the party as a Trotskyist and worked together with James P. Cannon and other American Trotskyists to create the Socialist Workers Party. Swabeck visited Leon Trotsky in his exile in Turkey in 1933.
In the late 1950s, Arne Swabeck became a Maoist and left the SWP in 1967.
For a number of years, he was in the Progressive Labor Party.
In 1980, Swabeck appeared as himself in the movie Reds. He is briefly interviewed as one of a series of elderly witnesses to events described in the movie.

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Barbra Streisand
Barbra Joan Streisand (/ˈstraɪsænd/; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, writer, film producer and director. She has won two Academy Awards, eight Grammy Awards, five Emmy Awards including one Daytime Emmy, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, a Peabody Award, and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Oscar, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award.
She is one of the most commercially and critically successful entertainers in modern entertainment history, with more than 71.5 million albums shipped in the United States and 140 million albums sold worldwide. She is the best-selling female artist on the Recording Industry Association of America's (RIAA) Top Selling Artists list, the only female recording artist in the top ten, and the only artist outside of the rock and roll genre. Along with Frank Sinatra, Cher, and Shirley Jones, she shares the distinction of being awarded an acting Oscar and also recording a number-one single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.

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Bessie Love
Bessie Love (September 10, 1898 – April 26, 1986) was an American motion picture actress who achieved prominence mainly in the silent films and early talkies. With a small frame and delicate features, she played innocent young girls, flappers, and wholesome leading ladies. Her role in The Broadway Melody (1929) earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In addition to her acting career, she wrote the screenplay for the 1919 film A Yankee Princess.
Love was born Juanita Horton in Midland, Texas. She attended school in Midland until she was in the eighth grade, when her chiropractor father moved his family to Hollywood. Bessie graduated from Los Angeles High School and then received from her parents the graduation present of a trip around the United States. After six months of traveling, she finally returned home to Los Angeles.
To help with the family's financial situation, Love's mother sent her to Biograph Studios, where she met pioneering film director D.W. Griffith. Griffith, who introduced Bessie Love to films, also gave the actress her screen moniker. He gave her a small role in his film Intolerance (1916). She also appeared opposite William S. Hart in The Aryan and with Douglas Fairbanks in The Good Bad Man, Reggie Mixes In, and The Mystery of the Leaping Fish (all 1916).

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Crystal Eastman
Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 – July 8, 1928) was a lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She is best remembered as a leader in the fight for women's right to vote, as a co-editor of the radical arts and politics magazine The Liberator, and as a co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
Crystal Eastman was born in Marlborough, Massachusetts on June 25, 1881. Her parents, Samuel Elijah Eastman and Annis Bertha Ford, were both Congregational Church clergy, and together served as pastors at the church of Thomas K. Beecher near Elmira, New York. In 1889, her mother had become one of the first women ordained as a Protestant minister in America. This part of New York was in the so-called "Burnt Over District," which earlier in the 19th century had generated much religious excitement, including the beginnings of Mormonism, and social causes, such as abolitionism and support for the Underground Railroad. Her parents were friendly with the writer Mark Twain, and from this association young Crystal herself became acquainted with Twain.

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Dave Grusin
Robert David "Dave" Grusin (born June 26, 1934) is an American composer, arranger and pianist. Grusin has composed many scores for feature films and television, and has won numerous awards for his soundtrack and record work, including an Academy award and 12 Grammys. He has had a prolific recording career as an artist, arranger, producer and executive producer.
Born in Littleton, Colorado, he studied music at the University of Colorado at Boulder and was awarded his bachelor's degree in 1956. He produced his first single, "Subways are for Sleeping" in 1962 and composed the score to his first feature film, Divorce American Style five years later. Other scores followed including Winning in 1969, The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973), The Midnight Man (1974) and Three Days of the Condor in 1975.
In the late 70s, he formed GRP records along with his partner, Larry Rosen, and began to create some of the first commercial digital recordings. Grusin was also at the forefront of soundtrack albums. He was the composer for the legendary Mike Nichols Oscar-winning film, The Graduate. The film is noted for being one of the first films to integrate popular songs into a film score. Later scores included On Golden Pond (1981), Tootsie (1982) and The Goonies (1985).

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Dede Allen
Dorothea Carothers "Dede" Allen (December 3, 1923 – April 17, 2010) was an American film editor, well-known "film editing doctor" to the major American movie studios, and one of cinema's all-time celebrated 'auteur' film editors.
Allen is known for having edited classic films such as The Hustler (1961), Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), and Reds (1982). She had an extended collaboration (1967–1976) with director Arthur Penn, and over the years had worked with other distinguished directors including Sidney Lumet, Robert Wise, Elia Kazan, and George Roy Hill. She was a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Allen was born in Cleveland, Ohio; her mother was an actress and her father worked for Union Carbide. She enrolled at Scripps College in Claremont, California.
Allen worked her way up as a production runner, as a sound librarian and then as an assistant film editor at Columbia Pictures. She edited commercial and industrial films before becoming a full-fledged feature film editor. It took sixteen years working in the American film industry before Dede Allen edited her first important feature film, Odds Against Tomorrow (1959). She worked closely with and was mentored by film director Robert Wise, who had also been a film editor himself (most notably having cut Orson Welles' Citizen Kane). Wise encouraged Dede Allen to be brave and experiment with her editing.^{[citation needed]}

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Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director, producer, and screenwriter. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.
Keaton subsequently expanded her range to avoid becoming typecast as her Annie Hall persona. She became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and received Academy Award nominations for Reds (1981) and Marvin's Room (1996). Some of her popular later films include Baby Boom (1987), Father of the Bride (1991), The First Wives Club (1996), Something's Gotta Give (2003) and The Family Stone (2005). Keaton's films have earned a cumulative gross of over US$1.1 billion in North America. In addition to acting, she is also a photographer, real estate developer, author, and occasional singer.

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Dick Vorisek
Dick Vorisek (21 February 1918 – 7 November 1989) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Reds. He worked on over 130 films between 1947 and 1988.

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Dolph Sweet
Dolph Sweet (July 18, 1920 - May 8, 1985) was an American actor, credited with nearly 60 television and film roles as well as several roles in stage productions before his death from cancer in 1985.
Born Adolphus Jean Sweet in New York, New York, his father was an auto mechanic and his first ambition was playing football. In 1939, he attended the University of Alabama; however, he was called away from his education for a tour of duty in World War II with the US Army Air Force, serving as a navigator on B-24 Liberator bomber aircraft. During his service, he was shot down over Romania while flying on Operation Tidal Wave, and subsequently spent two years as a POW.
After the war, he played semi-pro football and boxed as he worked on a masters degree from Columbia University. He went on to head up the drama department at Barnard College. Shortly after, he made his Broadway debut in Rhinoceros which starred Zero Mostel.
His first major film role was in the motion picture The Young Doctors in 1961. He went on to make numerous guest appearances in films and on television through the 1960s, including roles on The Defenders, The Edge of Night, Finian's Rainbow (1968) as the Sheriff and Dark Shadows. In his personal life he married and had a son. This marriage ended in divorce before the mid-1970s; Sweet later remarried.

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Dora Russell
Dora Black, Lady Russell (3 April 1894 – 31 May 1986) was a British author, a feminist and socialist campaigner, and the second wife of the eminent philosopher Bertrand Russell.
Dora Black was born into an English upper-middle class family, the second of four children. Her father, Sir Frederick Black, worked his way up in the Civil Service and laid great store by his children's education, regardless of their sex. She went to a private co-educational primary school near her parents' home, won a junior scholarship to Sutton High School. In 1911 she spent nearly a year at a private boarding school for girls in Germany, in preparation for the 'Little Go' at Cambridge. There she won a modern languages scholarship to Girton College, Cambridge. Soon she joined the Heretics Society, co-founded by C. K. Ogden in 1909. It questioned traditional authorities in general and religious dogma in particular. The society helped her to discard traditional values and develop her own feminist mode of thought. In June 1915 she received a First Class Honours degree in modern languages at Girton with a special distinction in Orals.

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Dorothy Frooks
Dorothy Frooks (February 12, 1896 – April 13. 1997) was an American author, publisher, military figure and actress. An intriguing figure for most of her long life, Frooks was active in public affairs and in the military.
In 1934, she ran on the Law Preservation ticket for U.S. Representative-at-large.
She worked as a writer for the New York Evening World and published the Murray Hill News in 1952. She also wrote a pamphlet, entitled Labor Courts Outlaw Strikes, calling for the establishment of a labor court.
As an author, Frooks wrote many fiction and nonfiction books, including The Olympic Torch, The American Heart and Lady Lawyer, her autobiography.
A veteran of both World War I (United States Navy) and World War II (United States Army), Frooks also served as the National Commander of the Women World War Veterans.
Frooks appeared as one of 'The Witnesses' in Warren Beatty's 1981 film Reds along with fellow centenarian radicals Scott Nearing and George Seldes. Frooks, Nearing and Seldes were all first-hand witnesses of the red-baiting, McCarthyism, and Cold War hysteria of the 1950s.

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Edward Herrmann
Edward Kirk Herrmann (born July 21, 1943) is an American television and film actor. He is best known for his Emmy-nominated portrayals of Franklin D. Roosevelt on television, and to younger generations for his role as Richard Gilmore in Gilmore Girls, as a ubiquitous narrator for historical programs on the History Channel, and as the spokesman for Dodge automobiles in the 1990s.
Herrmann was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Jean Eleanor (née O'Connor) and John Anthony Herrmann. He has German ancestry on his father's side. Herrmann grew up in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, and graduated from Bucknell University in 1965, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi. He studied acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art on a Fulbright Fellowship.
Herrmann began his career in theatre. One of the first professional productions he appeared in was the U.S. premiere of Michael Weller's Moonchildren at the Arena Stage in Washington D.C. in November 1971. He moved with the show to New York City to make his Broadway debut the following year. Herrmann returned to Broadway in 1976 to portray Frank Gardner in the revival of Mrs. Warren's Profession. For his performance he won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play.

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Elaine May
Elaine May (born April 21, 1932) is an American film director, screenwriter and actress. She achieved her greatest fame in the 1950s from her improvisational comedy routines in partnership with Mike Nichols. She is a two time Academy Award nominated screenwriter and also the mother of Oscar nominee Jeannie Berlin.
Elaine Berlin was born in Philadelphia in 1932, the daughter of the theatre director/actor Jack Berlin and his wife, Ida, an actress, who had a small role in May's film, A New Leaf. As a child, Elaine occasionally performed with her father in the Yiddish theater he ran. In 1942, the family moved to Los Angeles.
She married Marvin May in the late 1940s and gave birth to a daughter, actress-director-screenwriter Jeannie Berlin (who is known by her mother's maiden name) in 1949 at age 17; the couple later divorced. In 1962, she married lyricist Sheldon Harnick, best known for his work in Fiddler On The Roof. However, they divorced a year later when May became romantically involved with her psychoanalyst, Dr. David L. Rubinfine. May and Rubinfine remained married until his death in 1982, though they lived separately in later years.^{[citation needed]}

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Emma Goldman
Emma Goldman (June 27 [O.S. June 15] 1869 – May 14, 1940) was an anarchist known for her political activism, writing and speeches. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century.
Born in Kovno in the Russian Empire (present-day Kaunas, Lithuania), Goldman emigrated to the US in 1885 and lived in New York City, where she joined the burgeoning anarchist movement. Attracted to anarchism after the Haymarket affair, Goldman became a writer and a renowned lecturer on anarchist philosophy, women's rights, and social issues, attracting crowds of thousands. She and anarchist writer Alexander Berkman, her lover and lifelong friend, planned to assassinate industrialist and financier Henry Clay Frick as an act of propaganda of the deed. Although Frick survived the attempt on his life, Berkman was sentenced to twenty-two years in prison. Goldman was imprisoned several times in the years that followed, for "inciting to riot" and illegally distributing information about birth control. In 1906, Goldman founded the anarchist journal Mother Earth.

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Floyd Dell
Floyd Dell (June 28, 1887 – July 23, 1969) was an American novelist, playwright, poet and literary critic.
Dell was born in Barry, Illinois on June 28, 1887.
As a literary critic, Dell had a national reputation for promoting modern American literature in the 1910s. He was a best-selling author of novels and books of stories and essays, as well as a life-long poet and the author of a hit Broadway play, Little Accident (1928). His influence is alive in the work of many major American writers from the first half of the 20th century.
After dropping out of high school in Davenport, Iowa, Dell found work as a reporter on local newspapers and with the socialist magazine Tri-City Worker. While in Davenport he also began publishing poetry in national magazines.
In 1908, Dell moved on to Chicago where he became editor of the Friday Literary Review and a leader of the Chicago Renaissance. In his position at FLR, Dell promoted the work of Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, Carl Sandburg and other Chicago writers. Relocating to New York in 1913, Dell became managing editor of Max Eastman's radical magazine The Masses, and a leader of the pre-war bohemian community in Greenwich Village.

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Gene Hackman
Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist.
Nominated for five Academy Awards, winning two, Hackman has also won three Golden Globes and two BAFTAs in a career that spanned five decades. He first came to fame in 1967 with his performance as Buck Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde. His major subsequent films include The French Connection (1971), in which he played Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle; The Poseidon Adventure (1972); The Conversation (1974); Superman (1978), in which he played arch-villain Lex Luthor; Hoosiers (1986); Mississippi Burning (1987); Unforgiven (1992); The Firm (1993); Crimson Tide (1995); Get Shorty (1995); The Birdcage (1996); Enemy of the State (1998); and The Royal Tenenbaums (2001).
Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California, the son of Lyda (née Gray) and Eugene Ezra Hackman. He has a brother, Richard. His family moved frequently, finally settling in Danville, Illinois, where they lived in the house of his English-born maternal grandmother, Beatrice. Hackman's father operated the printing press for the Commercial-News, a local paper. Hackman's parents divorced in 1943 and his father subsequently left the family.

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George Plimpton
George Ames Plimpton (March 18, 1927 – September 25, 2003) was an American journalist, writer, editor, and actor. He is widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review.
George Ames Plimpton was born in New York City on March 18, 1927, and spent his childhood in New York City, growing up in an apartment duplex on Manhattan's Upper East Side located at 1165 Fifth Avenue. During the summers, he lived in West Hills, a hamlet located in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. He was the son of Francis Taylor Pearsons Plimpton, and the grandson of Frances Taylor Pearsons and George Arthur Plimpton. His grandfather was the founder of the Ginn publishing company and a philanthropist. His father was a successful corporate lawyer and a founding partner of the law firm Debevoise and Plimpton. He was appointed by President John F. Kennedy as U.S. deputy ambassador to the United Nations serving from 1961 to 1965.
His mother was Pauline Ames, the daughter of botanist Oakes Ames and artist Blanche Ames. Both of Plimpton's maternal grandparents were born with the surname Ames; his mother was the granddaughter of Medal of Honor recipient Adelbert Ames, an American sailor, soldier, and politician, and Oliver Ames, a U.S. political figure and the 35th Governor of Massachusetts (1887–1890). She was also the great-granddaughter on her father's side of Oakes Ames (1804–1873), an industrialist and congressman who was impeached in the Crédit Mobilier scandal; and Governor-General of New Orleans Benjamin Franklin Butler, an American lawyer and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and later served as the 33rd Governor of Massachusetts.

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George Seldes
George Seldes (/ˈsɛldəs/ SEL-dəs; November 16, 1890 in Alliance Colony, New Jersey – July 2, 1995 in Windsor, Vermont) was an American investigative journalist and media critic. The writer and critic Gilbert Seldes was his younger brother. Actress Marian Seldes is his niece.
Influenced by Lincoln Steffens, his career began when he was nineteen years old and was hired at the Pittsburgh Leader. In 1914, he was appointed night editor of the Pittsburgh Post.
In 1916, he went to the United Press in London and, starting in 1917, during World War I, he moved to France to work at the Marshall Syndicate. While there, he interviewed Paul von Hindenburg, the supreme commander of the German Army. Hindenburg commented on the defeat of Germany in the war, including U.S. involvement; however this interview was censored by the U. S. military. Seldes would later comment that the publishing of this interview could have avoided the rising of the Nazis to power and, thus, World War II.
After World War I, he spent ten years as a reporter for the Chicago Tribune. In 1922, he interviewed Vladimir Lenin and, in 1923, got expelled from the Soviet Union, along with three colleagues, for disguising news reports as personal letters; a letter his publisher wrote for the Soviets only facilitated his expulsion. The newspaper then sent him to Italy, where he reported on opposition leader Giacomo Matteotti's murder, implicated Benito Mussolini in Matteotti's death, and was again expelled.

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Grigory Zinoviev
Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Russian: Григо́рий Евсе́евич Зино́вьев, IPA: [ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲɪj zʲɪˈnovʲjɪf]; September 23 [O.S. September 11] 1883 – August 25, 1936), born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky Apfelbaum (Russian: Радомысльский), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician. Zinoviev is best remembered as the longtime head of the Communist International and as the chief defendant in a 1936 show trial, the Trial of the Sixteen that marked the start of the so-called Great Terror in the USSR and resulted in his execution the day after his conviction.
Gregory Zinoviev was born in Yelizavetgrad, Imperial Russia (currently Kirovohrad, Ukraine), to Jewish dairy farmers, who educated him at home. Between 1923 and 1935 the city was known as Zinovyevsk. Gregory Zinoviev was known in early life under the names of Apfelbaum or Radomyslovsky and later adopted several designations, such as Shatski, Grigoriev, Grigori and Zinoviev, by the two last of which he is most frequently called. He studied philosophy, literature and history. He became interested in politics, and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901. He was a member of its Bolshevik faction from the time of its creation in 1903. Between 1903 and the fall of the Russian Empire in February 1917, he was a leading Bolshevik and one of Lenin's closest associates, working both within Russia and abroad as circumstances permitted. He was elected to the RSDLP's Central Committee in 1907 and sided with Lenin in 1908 when the Bolshevik faction split into Lenin's supporters and Alexander Bogdanov's followers. Zinoviev remained Lenin's constant aide-de-camp and representative in various socialist organizations until 1917.

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Hamilton Fish III
Hamilton Fish III (born Hamilton Stuyvesant Fish and also known as Hamilton Fish, Jr.; December 7, 1888 – January 18, 1991) was a soldier and politician from New York State. Born into a family long active in the state, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1920 to 1945 and during that time was a prominent opponent of United States intervention in foreign affairs and was a critic of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. When Fish celebrated his 102nd birthday in 1990, he was the oldest living American who had served in Congress.
Fish was born Hamilton Stuyvesant Fish in Garrison, Putnam County, New York to former U.S. Representative Hamilton Fish II and the former Emily Mann. His paternal grandfather, Hamilton Fish, was United States Secretary of State under President Ulysses S. Grant. The father of the first Hamilton Fish, Nicholas Fish (born 1758), an officer in the Continental Army and later appointed adjutant general of New York State by Governor George Clinton.
The wife of Nicholas Fish was Elizabeth Stuyvesant, a descendant of Peter Stuyvesant, who was the Dutch colonial governor of New York. Through his mother, Emily Mann, Hamilton Fish III was also a descendant of Thomas Hooker, who settled Hartford, Connecticut in 1636. Fish's uncle Elias Mann was a judge and three-term mayor of Troy, New York.

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Henry Fonda
Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor.
Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as The Ox-Bow Incident, Mister Roberts and 12 Angry Men. Later, Fonda moved both toward darker epics as Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West and lighter roles in family comedies like Yours, Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball.
Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him "Hank". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.

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Henry Miller
Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American writer and painter. He was known for breaking with existing literary forms and developing a new sort of "novel" that is a mixture of novel, autobiography, social criticism, philosophical reflection, surrealist free association, and mysticism, one that is distinctly always about and expressive of the real-life Henry Miller and yet is also fictional. His most characteristic works of this kind are Tropic of Cancer (1934), Black Spring (1936), and Tropic of Capricorn (1939). He also wrote travel memoirs and essays of literary criticism and analysis.
Miller was born to tailor Heinrich Miller and Louise Marie Neiting, in the Yorkville section of Manhattan, New York City, of German parents. As a child he lived at 662 Driggs Avenue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, known in that time (and referred to frequently in his works) as the Fourteenth Ward. As a young man, he was active with the Socialist Party (his "quondam idol" was the Black Socialist Hubert Harrison).^{[citation needed]} He briefly—for only one semester—attended the City College of New York. Although he was an exceptional student,^{[citation needed]} he was willing neither to be anchored nor to submit to the traditional college system of education.

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Hugo Gellert
Hugo Gellert (1892 – 1985) was a Hungarian-American illustrator and muralist. A committed radical, much of Gellert's work is agitational in nature and distinctive in style, considered by some art critics as among the best political work of the first half of the 20th Century.^[who?]
Hugo Gellert (Gellért Hugó in the Hungarian style) was born May 3, 1892 in Budapest, Hungary. In 1906, the family emigrated to the United States, arriving in New York City, where they put down roots.
Gellert studied at the Cooper Union and the National Academy of Design.
His wife was named Livia.
Gellert, a committed socialist who later joined the Communist Party of America considered his politics inseparable from his art. He had said that "Being an artist and being a communist are one and the same." He used his art to advance his ideals for the common people, and much of his art depicted what he saw as the injustices of racial divides and capitalism. Often his works were captured with slogans that helped further the illustration. The Working Day, for example shows a black laborer standing back to back with a white miner, and is accompanied by a phrase from Karl Marx’s Das Kapital, "Labor with a white skin cannot emancipate itself where labor with a black skin is branded."

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Ian Wolfe
Ian Wolfe (November 4, 1896 – January 23, 1992) was an American actor whose films date from 1934 to 1990. Until 1934, he worked as a theatre actor. Wolfe mostly found work as a character actor, appearing in over 270 films. He and his wife, Elizabeth, had two daughters.
Wolfe was also a veteran of World War I where he served as a medical sergeant in the National Army of the United States. His service number was 2371377.
Although American by birth and upbringing, Wolfe was often cast as an Englishman: his stage experience endowed him with precise diction resembling an upper-class British accent. A receding hairline and etched features at a relatively early age allowed him to play older men before he actually grew old. Wolfe found a niche as a soft-spoken learned man, and his over 250 roles included many attorneys, judges, butlers, ministers, professors, and doctors.
Wolfe's best-known role may have been in the 1946 movie Bedlam, in which he played a lawyer confined to an asylum.
Wolfe wrote and self-published two books of poetry Forty-Four Scribbles and a Prayer: Lyrics and Ballads and Sixty Ballads and Lyrics In Search of Music.

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Isaac Don Levine
Isaac Don Levine (January 19, 1892 – February 15, 1981) was a Russian-born American journalist and writer.
Born in Mozyr, Russia, Levine came to the United States in 1911. He finished high school in Missouri, and found work with The Kansas City Star and later The New York Herald Tribune, for which he covered the revolution of 1917. He would return to Russia in the early 1920s to cover the Civil War for The Chicago Daily News.
For the Hearst papers, Levine was a columnist through the late 1920s and 1930s.
In the spring of 1939, Levine collaborated with the Soviet intelligence agency defector, Walter Krivitsky, for a series of articles in the Saturday Evening Post, exposing the horrors of Joseph Stalin's regime. In November of the same year, the series was collected into a book titled In Stalin's Secret Service. (Levine's role in the writing was not revealed at the time.) In the meantime, Levine arranged a meeting in September 1939 between American Communist Party defector Whittaker Chambers and President Franklin Roosevelt's security chief, Adolf Berle, at which Chambers revealed, with Levine present, a massive spying operation reaching even into the White House that involved, among others, Alger Hiss in the State Department and, according to Levine, Harry Dexter White in the Treasury Department.

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Jack Nicholson
Not to be confused with Nicholas Jackson
John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor, film director, producer and writer. He is renowned for his often dark portrayals of neurotic characters. His twelve Oscar nominations make him the second most nominated actor of all time, behind only Meryl Streep, and tied with Katharine Hepburn.
Nicholson has been nominated for an Academy Award twelve times and has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice: for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and for As Good as It Gets. He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the 1983 film Terms of Endearment. He is tied with Walter Brennan for most acting wins by a male actor (three). Nicholson is well known for playing villainous roles such as Jack Torrance in The Shining, Frank Costello in The Departed, and the Joker in 1989's Batman, among many other roles.
Nicholson is one of only two actors who have been nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s; the other is Michael Caine. He has won seven Golden Globe Awards, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award. Notable films in which he has starred include Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces, Chinatown, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The Passenger, The Shining, Reds, Terms of Endearment, Batman, A Few Good Men, As Good as It Gets, About Schmidt, The Departed and Anger Management .

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James Taylor
James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, Taylor was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
Taylor achieved his major breakthrough in 1970 with the #3 single "Fire and Rain" and had his first #1 hit the following year with "You've Got a Friend", a recording of Carole King's classic song. His 1976 Greatest Hits album was certified Diamond and has sold 12 million US copies. Following his 1977 album, JT, he has retained a large audience over the decades. His commercial achievements declined slightly until a big resurgence during the late 1990s and 2000s, when some of his best-selling and most-awarded albums (including Hourglass, October Road and Covers) were released.
James Taylor was born at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1948, where his father, Isaac M. Taylor, was a resident physician. His father was from a well-off family of Southern Scottish ancestry. His mother, the former Gertrude Woodard, had studied singing with Marie Sundelius at the New England Conservatory of Music and was an aspiring opera singer before the couple's marriage in 1946. James was the second of five children, the others being Alex (1947-1993), Kate (born 1949), Livingston (born 1950), and Hugh (born 1952).

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Jane Heap
Jane Heap (1883 - 1964) was an American publisher and a significant figure in the development and promotion of literary modernism. Together with Margaret Anderson, her friend and business partner (who for some years was also her lover), she edited the celebrated literary magazine The Little Review, which published an extraordinary collection of modern American, English and Irish writers between 1914 and 1929. Heap herself has been called "one of the most neglected contributors to the transmission of modernism between America and Europe during the early twentieth century."
Heap was born in Topeka, Kansas, where her father was the warden of the local mental asylum. After completing her high school education, she moved to Chicago, where she enrolled in the Art Institute of Chicago, and continued to take night school classes there even after she became an art teacher at the Lewis Institute.
It was while working at the Lewis Institute, in 1908, that she first met Florence Reynolds, a student and the daughter of a prosperous Chicago businessman. Reynolds and Heap became lovers, in 1910 travelling together to Germany, where Heap studied tapestry weaving. The two women remained friends throughout their lives, although they often lived apart, and despite the fact that Heap formed romantic attachments with many other women.

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Jerzy Kosinski
Jerzy Kosiński (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ kɔˈɕiɲskʲi]; June 14, 1933 – May 3, 1991), born Józef Lewinkopf, was an award-winning Polish American novelist, and two-time President of the American Chapter of P.E.N.
He was known for various novels, among them The Painted Bird (1965) and Being There (1971). Being There was adapted as an Academy Award-winning film in 1979.
Kosiński, who was Jewish, was born Józef Lewinkopf in Łódź, Poland. As a child during World War II, he lived in central Poland under a false identity, Jerzy Kosiński, which his father gave to him. A Roman Catholic priest issued him a forged baptismal certificate. The Kosiński family survived the Holocaust thanks to local villagers who offered assistance to Jewish Poles, often at great personal risk (the penalty for assisting Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland was death). Kosiński's father received help not only from Polish town leaders and churchmen, but also from individuals such as Marianna Pasiowa, a member of the Polish underground network helping Jews evade capture. The family lived openly in Dąbrowa Rzeczycka near Stalowa Wola, and attended church in nearby Wola Rzeczycka, obtaining support from villagers in Kępa Rzeczycka. They were sheltered temporarily by a Catholic family in Rzeczyca Okrągła. The young Jerzy even served as an altar boy in a local church.

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John Lithgow
John Arthur Lithgow ( /ˈlɪθɡoʊ/ LITH-goh; born October 19, 1945) is an American actor, musician, and author. Presently, he is involved with a wide range of media projects, including stage, television, film, and radio. He also has written and published several books of poetry and children's literature.
He appeared in the films The World According to Garp (1982) and Terms of Endearment (1983), receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for each. Lithgow is known for his roles as the Reverend Shaw Moore in Footloose, Dick Solomon on the NBC sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun, the voice of Lord Farquaad in Shrek, and Arthur Mitchell on Showtime's Dexter, for which he won Golden Globe and Emmy awards.
On the stage, he appeared in the musical adaptation of Sweet Smell of Success, winning the Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical. He again appeared in a musical, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, again receiving a Tony nomination for Best Leading Actor in a Musical.
He has also recorded music, such as the 1999 album of children's music, Singin' in the Bathtub, and has written poetry and short stories for children, such as Marsupial Sue.

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Julius Gerber
Julius Gerber (1872–1956) was a leading Socialist Party of America party official and politician during the first two decades of the 20th century. Gerber headed the important Socialist Party unit for New York City and its environs from 1911 through 1922. He played a key role in the party split of 1919, out of which the Communist Party emerged.
Julius Gerber was born December 24, 1871 or 1872 (according to two passport applications in the United States), in Riga, Latvia, then part of the Russian empire. His father was a tradesman. The Gerbers were Jewish, and as members of a persecuted minority, the family fled Tsarist Russia in 1886, landing in New York. Young Julius took a job as a sheet metal worker at the age of 14, a task at which he remained until 1911. He was a member of the Amalgamated Metal Workers Union. There is no record substantiating Julius Gerber arrived in the United States with any family member. According to his USA passport applications of 1928 and 1931, he arrived in the United States in either September 1887 or August 1888 at the age of 16 or 17. He applied for and was granted USA citenship on October 27, 1893 in Kings County, Brooklyn, New York. He married Lena Sacht on February 13, 1892 in New York according to their marriage license.

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Karl Radek
Karl Bernhardovic Radek (Russian: Карл Бернга́рдович Ра́дек) (31 October 1885 – 19 May 1939) was a socialist active in the Polish and German movements before World War I and an international Communist leader after the Russian Revolution.
He was born in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (now L'vov in Ukraine), as Karol Sobelsohn, to a Jewish family, his father, Bernhard, worked in the post office and died whilst Karl was young. He took the name Radek from a favourite character, Andrej Radek, in Syzyfowe prace (The Labor of Sisyphus) by Stefan Żeromski.
He joined the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) in 1904 and participated in the 1905 Revolution in Warsaw where he was responsible for the party's newspaper Czerwony Sztandar.
In 1907, after being arrested in Poland and escaping, he moved to Leipzig, Germany and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany(SPD) working on the Party's Leipziger Volkszeitung. He moved to Bremen, where he worked for Bremer Bürgerzeitung, in 1911 and was one of several who attacked Karl Kautsky's analysis of imperialism in Die Neue Zeit in May 1912.

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Katharine Hepburn
Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress of film, stage, and television. Known for her headstrong independence and spirited personality, Hepburn's career as a Hollywood leading lady spanned more than 60 years. Her work came in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress—a record for any performer. Hepburn's characters were often strong, sophisticated women with a hidden vulnerability.
Raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College. After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood. Her early years in the film industry were marked with success, including an Academy Award for her third picture, Morning Glory (1933), but this was followed by a series of commercial failures. In 1938 she was labeled "box office poison". Hepburn masterminded her own comeback, buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story, which she sold on the condition that she be the star. In the 1940s she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy. The screen-partnership spanned 25 years, and produced nine movies.

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Kathryn Grody
Kathryn Janis Grody (born November 6, 1946, Los Angeles, California) is an American actress/writer. After winning two Obies for her off Broadway work, she wrote an autobiographical play called A Mom's Life.
She has been married to actor/singer Mandy Patinkin since 1980 and they have two children, Isaac and Gideon. Grody is actor Noah Wyle's godmother.

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Lee Slater Overman
Lee Slater Overman (January 3, 1854 – December 12, 1930) was a Democratic U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1903 and 1930. He was born in Salisbury, N.C., the son of William H. and Mary E. Slater Overman. He attended Trinity College (now Duke University), Class of 1874, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives.
In 1914, Overman became the first U.S. senator from North Carolina to be elected by popular vote, having been previously appointed to the seat by the state legislature in 1902 and again in 1909.
He wrote and sponsored the Overman Act of 1918, which gave President Woodrow Wilson extraordinary powers to coordinate government agencies in wartime. Overman chaired a Senate committee after World War I, which many see as a precursor to the House Un-American Activities Committee.
In 1922, Overman was one of the leaders of a 1 hour, 45 minute filibuster that helped defeat the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. Among his claims was that the bill was a partisan attempt to solidify the Republican hold on the northern black vote, that the bill had been written by a black person, and that ignorant black people in the South would interpret the bill as permission to "commit the foulest of outrages."

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Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky (Russian: Лев Троцкий, pronounced [ˈlʲef ˈtrot͡skʲɪj] ( listen); 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1879 – 21 August 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army.
Trotsky was initially a supporter of the Menshevik Internationalists faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He joined the Bolsheviks immediately prior to the 1917 October Revolution, and eventually became a leader within the Party. During the early days of the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army as People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He was a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War (1918–20). He was also among the first members of the Politburo.
After leading a failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was successively removed from power, expelled from the Communist Party, deported from the Soviet Union and assassinated on Stalin's orders. An early advocate of Red Army intervention against European fascism, Trotsky also opposed Stalin's non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler in the late 1930s.

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Louise Bryant
Louise Bryant (December 5, 1885 – January 6, 1936) was an American journalist and writer. She was best known for her Marxist and anarchist beliefs and her essays on radical political and feminist themes. Bryant published articles in several radical left journals during her life, including Alexander Berkman's The Blast.
Bryant was born Anna Louisa Mohan in San Francisco, California. Her father, Hugh Mohan was a coal miner from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who made his way west with the Railroad crews. Her mother remarried Sheridan Bryant and Louise took her stepfather's name. The family moved to Nevada where Louise was a student at the University of Nevada. She later moved to the University of Oregon in Eugene. Her senior thesis was about the Modoc Indian War of Southern Oregon and was completed in 1908. Bryant returned to San Francisco to become a journalist after graduation but was soon nudged, for financial reasons, to teach "school" in Salinas, California in her words "in a remote area, forty miles from a train station". She also wrote that "Mexicans and Spaniards are my students." She moved back to Oregon and became involved with the Suffrage Movement in Portland, worked for the Spectator, and married Paul Trullinger.

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Maureen Stapleton
Maureen Stapleton (June 21, 1925 – March 13, 2006) was an American actress in film, theater and television.
Stapleton was born Lois Maureen Stapleton in Troy, New York, the daughter of Irene (née Walsh) and John P. Stapleton, and grew up in a strict Irish American Catholic family. Her father was an alcoholic and her parents separated during her childhood.
Stapleton moved to New York City at the age of eighteen, and did modeling to pay the bills. She once said that it was her infatuation with the handsome Hollywood actor Joel McCrea which led her into acting. She made her Broadway debut in the production featuring Burgess Meredith of The Playboy of the Western World in 1946. That same year, she played the role of Iras in Shakespeare's "Antony and Cleopatra" in a touring production by actress and producer Katharine Cornell. Stepping in because Anna Magnani refused the role due to her limited English, Stapleton won a Tony Award for her role in Tennessee Williams' The Rose Tattoo in 1951. (Magnani's English improved, however, and she was able to play the role in the film version, winning an Oscar.) Stapleton played in other Williams' productions, including Twenty-Seven Wagons Full of Cotton and Orpheus Descending (and its film adaptation, The Fugitive Kind, co-starring her friend Marlon Brando), as well as Lillian Hellman's Toys in the Attic. She won a second Tony Award for Neil Simon's The Gingerbread Lady, which was written especially for her, in 1971. Later Broadway roles included "Birdie" in The Little Foxes opposite Elizabeth Taylor and as a replacement for Jessica Tandy in The Gin Game.

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Maurice Becker
Maurice Becker (1889–1975) was a radical political artist best known for his work in the 1910s and 1920s for such publications as The Masses and The Liberator.
Maurice Becker was born in Nizhni-Novgorod, Russia, the son of ethnic Jewish parents. The family emigrated from Russia to the United States in 1892, moving to the Jewish community of the Lower East Side of New York City. His older sister was Helen Tamiris a modern dance pioneer and his brother Sam Becker was a sculptor.
The young Maurice took night classes in bookkeeping and art while working days as a sign painter. He worked as an artist for the New York Tribune from 1914 to 1915, and for the Scripps newspapers from 1915 to 1918. He also contribute artwork on a freelance basis to a broad range of contemporary publications, including Harper's Weekly, Metropolitan magazine, and The Saturday Evening Post.
Maurice Becker is best remembered as an illustrator for radical magazines, most famously for the New York political and artistic magazine The Masses, to which he began to contribute in 1912.

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Max Eastman
Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883 – March 25, 1969) was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet, and a prominent political activist. For many years, Eastman was a supporter of socialism, a leading patron of the Harlem Renaissance and an activist for a number of liberal and radical causes. In later life, however, his views turned sharply, and he became an advocate of free market economics and an anti-Communist.
Eastman was born in Canandaigua, Ontario County, New York. Both his parents, Samuel Elijah Eastman and Annis Bertha Ford, were Congregational Church clergy and together served as pastors at the church of Thomas K. Beecher near Elmira, New York. (In 1889, his mother had become one of the first women ordained as an American minister.) This area was part of the "Burned-over district," which earlier in the 19th century had generated much religious excitement, including the formation of the Mormon movement, and social causes, such as abolitionism and support for the Underground Railroad. Through his parents, he became acquainted with the famous author Samuel Clemens, better known as "Mark Twain," in his youth.

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Max Wright
George Edward Maxwell "Max" Wright (born August 2, 1943) is an American actor, best known for his role as Willie Tanner in the sitcom ALF.
Wright was born George Edward Maxwell Wright in Detroit, Michigan. Prior to ALF he made appearances in TV shows such as WKRP in Cincinnati, and was a regular cast member in Misfits of Science, AfterMASH, Buffalo Bill and The Norm Show as well as appearing in the made-for-TV adaptation of Stephen King's The Stand. He also appeared briefly in the first and second season of the sitcom Friends, as Terry, the manager of Central Perk, played Guenter Wendt in the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon and Dr. Josef Mengele in Playing for Time.
Wright has also enjoyed a stage career and has acted at regional theaters around the country. He received a Tony nomination in 1998 for Ivanov. Another Broadway appearance of note was in Twelfth Night at Lincoln Center as Sir Andrew. He was in the original production of The Great White Hope at The Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. In 2007 he acted at the JET - Jewish Ensemble Theatre in Detroit and in the production of "No Man's Land" at the American Repertory Theater. He appeared in The Public Theater's 2010 production of "Winters Tale" and "Merchant of Venice" at Shakespeare in the Park.

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Michael Seirton
Michael Seirton is an American set decorator. He has won an Academy Award and has been nominated for another in the category Best Art Direction.
Seirton won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction and has been nominated for another:

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Nicolas Coster
Nicolas Coster (born December 3, 1934) is a British actor, most known for his work in daytime drama and as a character actor on nighttime television series.
Coster was born in London, United Kingdom to an American mother and a father from New Zealand who was a marine commander. In daytime, he first appeared in the NBC soap opera Young Doctor Malone. Later, he created the role of Professor Paul Britton on The Secret Storm, a role that he played in 1964 and from 1967-1968. He played John Eldridge in both the primetime serialized drama Our Private World and later on As the World Turns. He also played Robert Delaney on two shows: Somerset and Another World.
Coster's first appearance on television was on an episode of The U.S. Steel Hour in 1959. Since then, he has racked up more than 80 appearances on three dozen television shows, guest-starring most notably as David Warner, the father of Blair Warner, on the sitcom The Facts of Life. He also spent one season on the NBC comedy Sheriff Lobo.
He returned to daytime television by first recreating his Robert Delaney role on Another World. He later played gangster-turned-informant Anthony Macana on One Life to Live. He then played the role of Lionel Lockridge on a new California-based serial Santa Barbara. He left his role on that show briefly - but long enough to play Steve Andrews on the ABC soap opera All My Children. He returned to act on Santa Barbara but the show was eventually canceled. He returned to play a second role on As the World Turns.

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Oleg Kerensky
Oleg Aleksandrovich Kerensky CBE FRS (Russian: Оле́г Алекса́ндрович Кере́нский), (16 April 1905 – 25 June 1984) was a Russian civil engineer, one of the foremost bridge designers of his time.
Kerensky was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, the son of future Russian prime minister Alexander Kerensky, who survived the events of the Russian Civil War and emigrated to Paris in 1918. Both Oleg and his younger brother Gleb graduated as engineers in 1927, and both settled in England.
As an associate of Dorman Long, Kerensky assisted on the landmark 1932 Sydney Harbour Bridge. As an associate, and then a partner, in the firm Freeman Fox & Partners, Kerensky designed many British road bridges and structures such as the 1951 temporary Dome of Discovery in London, the largest dome in the world. He was president of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1970-71 and won their Gold Medal of in 1977. After his death in London, the same institution began their Kerensky Memorial Conferences beginning in 1988.

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Paul Sorvino
Paul Anthony Sorvino (born April 13, 1939) is an American actor. He often portrays authority figures on both sides of the law, and is possibly best known for his roles as Paulie Cicero, a portrayal of Paul Vario in the 1990 gangster film Goodfellas and Sgt. Phil Cerreta on the police procedural and legal drama television series Law & Order. He is the father of actress Mira Sorvino.
Sorvino was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Italian American parents Marietta, a homemaker and piano teacher, and Ford Sorvino, a robe factory foreman. He attended Lafayette High School, where he was classmates with painter Peter Max, and the American Musical and Dramatic Academy.
He began his career as a copywriter in an advertising agency, where he worked with John Margeotes, founder of Margeotes, Fertitta, and Weiss. He took 18 years of voice lessons. While attending The American Musical and Dramatic Academy, he decided to go into the theatre. He made his Broadway debut in the 1964 musical Bajour, and six years later he appeared in his first film, Where's Poppa? He received an avalanche of critical praise for his performance as Phil Romano in Jason Miller's 1972 Broadway play That Championship Season, a role he repeated in the 1982 TCS film version. In a 1974 ABC Movie of the Week, he played Harry Walters, a stout, real estate salesman, who is randomly picked up by a beautiful woman (JoAnna Cameron) and raped at gunpoint as a prank, and left to explain to his friend (Adam Arkin) and wife (Michael Learned) how "It Couldn't Happen to a Nicer Guy", a movie considered risqué, even for the '70s. He also appeared in the 1976 Elliott Gould/Diane Keaton vehicle I Will, I Will...For Now. He has starred in the weekly series We'll Get By (1975, as George Platt), Bert D'Angelo/Superstar (1976, in the title role) and The Oldest Rookie (1987, as Detective Ike Porter). He also directed Wheelbarrow Closers, a 1976 Broadway play by Louis La Russo II, which starred Danny Aiello.

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Peter Biskind
Peter Biskind is a journalist, former executive editor of Premiere magazine, and the author of numerous books depicting life in Hollywood, including Seeing Is Believing, Easy Riders, Raging Bulls, Down and Dirty Pictures, and Gods and Monsters. He has also written for Rolling Stone, The New York Times and The Washington Post, and is a contributing editor at Vanity Fair.
He has served as the editor-in-chief of American Film.

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Raging Bull
Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir Raging Bull: My Story. It stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, a middleweight boxer whose sadomasochistic rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, La Motta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons; and Cathy Moriarty as his abused wife. The film features supporting roles from Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana, and Frank Vincent.
Scorsese was initially reluctant to develop the project, though he eventually came to relate to La Motta's story. Schrader re-wrote Martin's first screenplay, and Scorsese and De Niro together made uncredited contributions thereafter. Pesci was an unknown actor prior to the film, as was Moriarty, who was suggested for her role by Pesci. During principal photography, each of the boxing scenes was choreographed for a specific visual style and De Niro gained approximately 60 pounds (27 kg) to portray La Motta in his early post-boxing years. Scorsese was exacting in the process of editing and mixing the film, expecting it to be his last major feature.

wn.com/Raging_Bull
Ramon Bieri
Ramon Arens Bieri (June 16, 1929 – May 27, 2001) was an American actor who has starred in many films and many TV shows.
He co-starred on the short-lived 1981 TV series Bret Maverick with James Garner. Bieri appeared in many TV movies as well. His movie roles range from Badlands, The Sicilian, The Grasshopper, which was his first film, Grandview, U.S.A., and Reds.
He made guest appearances in many TV shows, including Gunsmoke, Bonanza, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, The Dukes of Hazzard, and Knight Rider in two episodes, playing a different villain in each. He was featured in recurring roles in Room 222 (as the vice principal) and St. Elsewhere.

wn.com/Ramon_Bieri
Rebecca West
Cicely Isabel Fairfield (21 December 1892–15 March 1983), known by her pen name Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West, DBE was an English author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer. A prolific, protean author who wrote in many genres, West was committed to feminist and liberal principles and was one of the foremost public intellectuals of the twentieth century. She reviewed books for The Times, the New York Herald Tribune, the Sunday Telegraph, and the New Republic, and she was a correspondent for The Bookman^{[disambiguation needed ]}. Her major works include Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941), on the history and culture of Yugoslavia; A Train of Powder (1955), her coverage of the Nuremberg trials, published originally in The New Yorker; The Meaning of Treason, later The New Meaning of Treason, a study of World War II and Communist traitors; The Return of the Soldier, a modernist World War I novel; and the "Aubrey trilogy" of autobiographical novels, The Fountain Overflows, This Real Night, and Cousin Rosamund. Time called her "indisputably the world's number one woman writer" in 1947. She was made CBE in 1949, and DBE in 1959, in recognition of her outstanding contributions to British letters.

wn.com/Rebecca_West
Richard Sylbert
Richard Sylbert (16 April 1928 – 23 March 2002) was an Academy Award-winning production designer and art director, primarily for feature films.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, to Samuel and Lily (Lazell) Sylbert, Sylbert fought in the Korean War and attended the Tyler School of Art at Temple University in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Ribac, was a journalist in his native Romania before immigrating to the United States. Sylbert began his career in the early days of television, designing productions of Hamlet (1953) and Richard II (1954) for the Hallmark Hall of Fame.
Sylbert's first film credit was Patterns (1956), a big screen adaptation of an Emmy Award-winning teleplay by Rod Serling. He went on to design Baby Doll, A Face in the Crowd, The Fugitive Kind, Murder, Inc., Splendor in the Grass, Walk on the Wild Side, Long Day's Journey into Night, The Manchurian Candidate, The Pawnbroker, Lilith, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Graduate, Rosemary's Baby, Catch-22, Carnal Knowledge, Chinatown, Shampoo, Reds, Frances, The Cotton Club, Tequila Sunrise, Dick Tracy, The Bonfire of the Vanities, Carlito's Way, Mulholland Falls, My Best Friend's Wedding, and Trapped. He worked multiple times with directors Roman Polanski, Elia Kazan, Mike Nichols, and Warren Beatty.

wn.com/Richard_Sylbert
Roger Nash Baldwin
Roger Nash Baldwin (January 21, 1884 – August 26, 1981) was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He served as executive director of the ACLU until 1950.
Many of the ACLU's original landmark cases took place under his direction, including the Scopes Trial, the Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial, and its challenge to the ban on James Joyce's Ulysses. Baldwin was a well known pacifist and author.
Roger Nash Baldwin was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts to Frank Fenno Baldwin and Lucy Cushing Nash.
He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at Harvard University; afterwards, he moved to St. Louis on the advice of Louis D. Brandeis. There he taught sociology at Washington University, worked as a social worker and became chief probation officer of the St. Louis Juvenile Court. He also co-wrote Juvenile Courts and Probation with Bernard Flexner at this time; this book became very influential in its era, and was, in part, the foundation of Baldwin's national reputation.

wn.com/Roger_Nash_Baldwin
Roger Sloman
Roger Sloman (born 19 May 1946) is an English actor. Born in the Harlesden district of London, he has performed in dozens of television and film appearances since the late 1970s. He is perhaps most famously remembered as Keith in Nuts in May.

wn.com/Roger_Sloman
Sam Shepard
Sam Shepard (born Samuel Shepard Rogers IV; November 5, 1943) is an American playwright, actor, and television and film director. He is the author of several books of short stories, essays, and memoirs, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979 for his play Buried Child. Shepard was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of pilot Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff (1983).
Born Samuel Shepard Rogers IV in Fort Sheridan, Illinois, he worked on a ranch as a teenager. His father, Samuel Shepard Rogers, Jr., was a teacher and farmer who served in the United States Army Air Forces as a bomber pilot during World War II. His mother, Jane Elaine (née Schook), was a teacher and a native of Chicago, Illinois. After high school, Shepard briefly attended college, but dropped out to join a travelling theater group. He was also a drummer for the eccentric late-1960s rock band The Holy Modal Rounders, featured in the movie Easy Rider (1969).

wn.com/Sam_Shepard
Scott Nearing
Scott Nearing (August 6, 1883 – August 24, 1983) was an American radical economist, educator, writer, political activist, and advocate of simple living.
Nearing was born in Morris Run, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, the heart of the state's coal country. Nearing's grandfather, Winfield Scott Nearing, had arrived in Tioga County with his family in 1864, at the age of 35, when he accepted a job as a civil and mining engineer. Before the end of the year he had assumed full control of mining operations as the superintendent of the Morris Run Coal Company, a position of authority which he held for the remainder of his working life. An intense, driven man, Scott Nearing's grandfather studied science and nature, practiced gardening and carpentry, and regularly received crates of books from New York City, amassing a large personal library. In his memoirs written late in his life, Scott Nearing would recall his grandfather as one of the four most influential figures in his life. Nearing's upbringing was that of a young bourgeois, his mother employing a part-time tutor and two Polish servants to clean the gleaming white house atop a hill overlooking the town. Scott's brother recalled that the citizens of Morris Run had treated the handsome and intelligent Scott "the way they would treat the heir to the nobleman.... They all treated him with awe."

wn.com/Scott_Nearing
Simon Kaye
Simon Kaye (born 22 July 1935) is a British sound engineer. He won two Academy Awards for Best Sound and has been nominated for another two in the same category. He has worked on over 70 films since 1959.
Kaye won two Academy Awards for Best Sound and has been nominated for two more:

wn.com/Simon_Kaye
Simon Relph
Simon Relph (born 13 April 1940) is a British assistant film director and producer. He is the former chairman of the BAFTA Foundation Trustees. He was a member of the jury at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival.

wn.com/Simon_Relph
Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Joshua Sondheim ( /ˈsɒnd.haɪm/) (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for his contributions to musical theatre. He is the winner of an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer) including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize and the Laurence Olivier Award. Described by Frank Rich of the New York Times as "the greatest, and perhaps best-known artist working in musical theatre", his most famous works include (as composer/lyricist) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George and Into the Woods. He also wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and Gypsy.
Sondheim has also written material for movies, including the 1981 Warren Beatty film Reds, contributing the song "Goodbye For Now". He also wrote five songs for the 1990 movie Dick Tracy, including "Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)", which won the Academy Award for Best Song.

wn.com/Stephen_Sondheim
Tom Fleischman
Tom Fleischman is an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award in the category Best Sound Mixing for Hugo and has been nominated for another four. He has worked on over 170 films since 1978.

wn.com/Tom_Fleischman
Trevor Griffiths
Trevor Griffiths (born 4 April 1935, Ancoats, Manchester) is an English dramatist.
Raised as a Roman Catholic, he attended Saint Bede's College, before being accepted into Manchester University in 1952 to read English. After a brief involvement with professional football and a year in National Service, he became a teacher.
He became chairman of the Manchester Left Club, and the editor of the Labour Party's Northern Voice newspaper. Gradually he tired of political journalism, began writing plays, and was eventually commissioned by Tony Garnett to provide a script for The Wednesday Play (BBC, 1964–70). The play, "The Love Maniac", was about a teacher, but even though Garnett took the commission with him when he moved to London Weekend Television and formed Kestrel Productions, it was never produced. Buoyed by Garnett's enthusiasm and influenced by the Paris evenements of May 1968, he wrote Occupations, a stage play about Gramsci and the Fiat factory occupations of 1920s Italy.^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Trevor_Griffiths
Vincent Canby
Vincent Canby (July 27, 1924 – October 15, 2000) was an American film critic who became the chief film critic for The New York Times in 1969 and reviewed more than 1000 films during his tenure there.
Canby was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Katharine Anne (née Vincent) and Lloyd Canby. He attended a boarding school with the novelist William Styron, and the two became friends. He introduced Styron to the works of E.B. White and Ernest Hemingway, and the pair hitchhiked from their Christ Church, Virginia boarding school to Richmond, Virginia to buy Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls. After war service in the Pacific he attended the Dartmouth College and then was employed as a film critic by Variety for six years.
Canby was an enthusiastic supporter of many filmmakers, notably Woody Allen, who credited Canby's rave review of Take The Money and Run as a crucial point in his career. He was also heavily critical of some otherwise acclaimed films, such as Rocky, The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi, Jaws, Patton, Night of the Living Dead, Once Upon a Time in America, Chinatown, After Hours, Blazing Saddles, A Christmas Story, Witness, Mask, The Natural, Rain Man, The Exorcist, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,Deliverance, The Godfather Part II and Alien. In the early 1990s, Canby switched his attention from film to theatre; he was named the chief theatre critic in 1994.

wn.com/Vincent_Canby
Vittorio Storaro
Vittorio Storaro, A.S.C., A.I.C. (born 24 June 1940 in Rome) is an Italian cinematographer.
In 2003, a survey conducted by the International Cinematographers Guild judged Storaro one of history's ten most influential cinematographers.
The son of a film projectionist, Storaro began studying photography at the age of 11. He went on to formal cinematography studies at the national Italian film school, Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, when he was 18. Working as a camera operator for many years, he was on his first film as cinematographer for Giovinezza, Giovinezza (Youthful, Youthful) in 1968. In 1970, he photographed L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo (The Bird with the Crystal Plumage), the first film directed by Dario Argento.
He has worked with many important film directors, in particular Bernardo Bertolucci, with whom he has had a long collaboration, as well as Francis Ford Coppola and Warren Beatty.
His credits include 1900, The Conformist, Last Tango in Paris, The Last Emperor, Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist, Apocalypse Now, One From the Heart, Reds, Bulworth, The Sheltering Sky, Tucker: The Man and His Dream, Ladyhawke, Tango and Goya en Burdeos. He was also cinematographer for a BBC co-production with Italian broadcaster RAI of Verdi's Rigoletto over two nights on the weekend of 4 and 5 September 2010.[1]

wn.com/Vittorio_Storaro
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ленин; IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɪlʲˈjitɕ ˈlʲenʲɪn] ( listen); 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, intellectual and politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.
As a politician, Lenin was a persuasive and charismatic orator. As an intellectual his extensive theoretic and philosophical developments of Marxism produced Marxism–Leninism, a pragmatic Russian application of Marxism that emphasized the critical role played by a committed and disciplined political vanguard in the revolutionary process, while defending the possibility of a socialist revolution in less advanced capitalist countries through an alliance of the proletarians with the rural peasantry.
Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ульянов) on 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 in the town of Simbirsk in the Russian Empire. Simbirsk, a rural town on the River Volga nearly 1,500 miles from the capital Saint Petersburg, would be renamed upon Ulyanov's death fifty-four years later as "Ulyanovsk" in his honour. That same year, Saint Petersburg itself would be renamed Leningrad after Ulyanov's better-known cadre name.

wn.com/Vladimir_Lenin
Warren Beatty
Warren Beatty ( /ˈbeɪti/ BAY-tee; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for 15 Academy Awards, including winning the Best Director Award and its highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. He has been nominated for 16 Golden Globe Awards and won six, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award, which he received in 2007. Only Beatty and Orson Welles have been nominated for producer, director, writer and actor in the same film. Welles did it once (for Citizen Kane), Beatty did it twice (for Heaven Can Wait and Reds).
Beatty was born Henry Warren Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. His mother, Kathlyn Corinne (née MacLean), was a Nova Scotia-born teacher, and his father, Ira Owens Beaty, was a Ph.D. of educational psychology, a public school administrator, and dealt in real estate. Beatty's grandparents were also educators. The family was Baptist. In 1945, the family moved from Richmond to Arlington, Virginia. Beatty's sister is the multi-award winning actress and writer Shirley MacLaine.

wn.com/Warren_Beatty
Will Durant
William James Durant (November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was a prolific American writer, historian, and philosopher. He is best known for The Story of Civilization, 11 volumes written in collaboration with his wife Ariel Durant and published between 1935 and 1975. He was earlier noted for The Story of Philosophy, written in 1926, which one observer described as "a groundbreaking work that helped to popularize philosophy."
He conceived of philosophy as total perspective, or, seeing things "sub specie totius," a phrase inspired by Spinoza's "sub specie aeternitatis." He sought to unify and humanize the great body of historical knowledge, which had grown too voluminous and become fragmented into esoteric specialties, and to vitalize it for contemporary application. Durant was a gifted prose stylist and storyteller who won a large readership in great part because of the nature and excellence of his writing, which, in contrast to formal academic language, is lively, witty, charismatic, colourful, ornate, epigrammatic, in short, "humanized." Max Schuster, co-founder of the publisher Simon & Schuster (which also published Durant's works), and himself an admirer of Durant's writings for their beauty, remarked that Durant's prose "begs to be read aloud."John Little, who founded and heads the Will Durant foundation and has devoted much effort towards popularizing Durant's works in the 21st century, echoes Schuster's admiration for Durant's works in words which Durant himself sometimes used to describe a few of the finest works of Classical Antiquity: "prose so beautiful it rivals poetry."

wn.com/Will_Durant
William Daniels
William David Daniels (born March 31, 1927) is an American actor and former president of the Screen Actors Guild (1999 to 2001). He is known for his performance as Dustin Hoffman's father in The Graduate (1967), as Howard in Two for the Road, as John Adams in 1776, as Carter Nash in Captain Nice, as Mr. George Feeny in ABC's Boy Meets World, as the voice of KITT in Knight Rider, and as Dr. Mark Craig in St. Elsewhere, for which he won two Emmy Awards.
William Daniels was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Irene and David Daniels, a builder. He graduated from Northwestern University in 1949, where he was a member of Sigma Nu fraternity. He has been married to actress and fellow Emmy Award-winner Bonnie Bartlett since June 30, 1951. They have two children.
William Daniels began his career as a member of the singing Daniels family in Brooklyn, New York. He made his television debut as part of a variety act (along with other members of his family) in 1943, on NBC, then a single station in New York. He made his Broadway debut in 1945, in Life With Father, and remained a busy Broadway actor for decades afterwards. Broadway credits include starring or supporting roles in 1776, A Thousand Clowns, On a Clear Day You Can See Forever and A Little Night Music. He earned an Obie Award for The Zoo Story (1960).

wn.com/William_Daniels
William Weinstone
William Wolf "Will" Weinstone (1897–1985) was an American Communist politician and labor leader. Weinstone served as Executive Secretary of the unified Communist Party of America, the forerunner of today's Communist Party USA, from October 15, 1921 to February 22, 1922 and was an important figure in the party's activities among the auto workers of Detroit during the 1930s.
William Weinstone was born December 15, 1897 in Vilnius, then part of the Tsarist Russian Empire. Will was the son of ethnic Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia to escape that nation's pervasive anti-semitism during the late Tsarist period. His original surname was "Winestein," a name which Will Americanized when he was older.
Weinstone was elected as an alternate delegate to the Left Wing National Conference held in New York City in June 1919, at which he was seated to replace a regular delegate on the last day of the gathering.
Weinstone was elected as a delegate to the founding convention of the Communist Party of America, called to order in Chicago on September 1, 1919.

wn.com/William_Weinstone

Reds (1981) Courtroom scene

Taken from the film Reds, directed by Warren Beatty in 1981....

published: 21 Jan 2011

author: Augments

Reds - 1981 - Jack Nicholson, Diane Keaton - Great Scene

Firstly - I apologize for the low audio level and the pixelation at the very beginning - i...

published: 22 Jun 2012

author: Louis Packer

Reds (1981) Trailer

Reds (1981) Trailer www.imdb.com Director: Warren Beatty Warren Beatty, Diane Keaton, Edwa...

published: 23 Dec 2009

author: Danios12345

Henry Miller on Sex & Politics REDS (1981)

Author Henry Miller (1891-1980) appeared as a "witness" in Warren Beatty's REDS (1981). He...

published: 07 Jun 2012

author: LAmorguefiles

Arrival at the Russian Border

From Reds (1981)...

published: 20 Mar 2010

author: jessicarl00

The Internationale from film Reds

Reds is a 1981 film starring Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton. It centers on the life of Joh...

published: 13 Oct 2008

author: Felipe Ruiz de Chávez

Reds - Official Trailer [1981]

Writing has been the only escape of Louise Bryant until she goes to a lecture one night in...

published: 18 Apr 2009

author: MoviesHistory

CINCINNATI REDS MEMORIES (OCTOBER 4, 1981)

dvp-video-audio-archive.blogspot.com...

published: 07 May 2012

author: DavidVonPein2

Reds (1981) HD Trailer

#55 AFI's 100 Passions www.cornel1801.com American epic film that was co-written, produced...

published: 03 Oct 2012

author: Cornelo Prisan

Trailer Reds (1981)

Rojos (Reds). Visita www.cinemovil.net todo en DVDs....

published: 24 Dec 2008

author: algl222

Reds (1981) Part 1 of 18

Reds (1981)...

published: 11 Oct 2010

author: bodolfbelliniify

Reds Trailer

Trailer for Reds (1981) Director: Warren Beatty Cast: Warren Beatty, Diane Keaton, Edward ...

published: 20 May 2009

author: JackNicholsonOnline0

Reds (1981)

Click here goo.gl to watch the complete movie. movie reviews...

published: 16 Mar 2011

author: cameronreat

Reds (1981) part 1 of 14

Reds (1981)...

published: 16 Dec 2010

author: baritotapp

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photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Spc. Jacob Bobbe, security force team member for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, maintains security on the street during a key leader engagement in the Lash-e Juwayn district of Farah province, Afghanistan, Dec. 11 2012.

Imperial Lockstep

CounterPunch

27 Dec 2012

Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)

photo: WN / Janice Sabnal

Six dead as winter snowstorms pound US

Zeenews

27 Dec 2012

Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

photo: AP / Ben Curtis

In this Sunday, April 29, 2012 file photo, troops from the Central African Republic stand guard at a building used for joint meetings between them and U.S. Army special forces, in Obo, Central African Republic, where U.S. special forces have paired up with local troops and Ugandan soldiers to seek out Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).

CAR seeks foreign help against rebels

Al Jazeera

28 Dec 2012

The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)

photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary

Supporters of Pakistan's slain leader Benazir Bhutto, stand beside her portrait after lighting earth lamps at a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of her death

Pakistan marks fifth anniversary of Benazir Bhutto murder

BBC News

27 Dec 2012

Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File

FILE - In this Saturday, Dec. 22, 2012 file photo, an elderly Egyptian man shows his inked finger after casting his vote on the second round of a referendum on a disputed constitution drafted by Islamist supporters of President Mohammed Morsi in Fayoum, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) south of Cairo , Egypt.

Egypt constitution passes, economic crunch looms

The Salt Lake Tribune

26 Dec 2012

Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)

timeline:
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Dustin Pedroia will anchor the Red Sox 2013 infield

The Examiner

29 Dec 2012

While the Boston Red Sox front office and fans talk of making changes to the 2012 last place team, Dustin Pedroia is everything they want to keep on and off the field ... The team's spark plug led the Red Sox with 163 hits, 81 runs scored and 20 stolen bases ... In the long run, the Red Sox are better off for making the trades, but for now it depleted them at the first base position ... Boston Red Sox hot stove....(size: 4.6Kb)

What we'll remember: red-light cameras in Brooksville are a windfall and a nuisance

Tampabay.com

29 Dec 2012

THE RETURN of red-light cameras to Brooksville's city streets in 2012 wasn't welcomed by everyone ... But to others, who think there are too many red-light scofflaws in the city, the hefty financial penalty might be enough to make the offenders think twice ... The city's deal with Sensys American, the company that installs, monitors and maintains the red-light cameras, has produced a financial windfall ... Number of red-light cameras....(size: 5.5Kb)

Mobile Mayor Sam Jones Announces Relief Campaign in Conjunction with the MoonPie Over Mobile to Benefit Tornado Victims (City of Mobile, AL)

noodls

29 Dec 2012

prior to the performance of Grammy-award winning group - The Commodores, Mobile Mayor Sam Jones and Red Cross officials will issue an urgent plea to New Year's Eve revelers at MoonPie Over Mobile to make a donation to the American Red Cross to aid tornado-stricken victims in the city ... Text the word REDCROSS to 90999 to make a $10.00 donation to the American Red Cross.*....(size: 3.1Kb)

Fall/Winter 2012 trend: cardinal red (Photos)

The Examiner

29 Dec 2012

One of the biggest trends for Fall/Winter 2012 was the use of red ... oxblood/burgundy and cardinal/crimson red ... If you are not big into “trend colors” consider adding a matte red lip to your beauty routine ... Location ... Yes, bright red and fuchsia pink worn together ... If wearing a red suit or dress, a pair of heels in the same shade works, but black is often easier to find ... How would you wear the crimson red trend? ... How-to Wear Red Lips ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

Scouting Report - Week 17 (Buffalo Bills)

noodls

29 Dec 2012

Red zone touchdowns ... Over the last three weeks however, Buffalo has gone 3-for-6 in the red zone for a 50-percent red zone touchdown percentage. The Jets rank a pedestrian 25th in red zone defense ... Better in red. The Jets have had their share of offensive struggles this season, but one area where they're still respectable is in the red zone ... That combined with Buffalo's league-worst red zone defense could spell problems for the Bills....(size: 7.0Kb)

Why Rudolph’s nose is so red – a scientific study

The Examiner

29 Dec 2012

The septet of clinicians at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.conducted a study to find out why Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer’s nose was sooooo red ... These findings led to the conclusion that Rudolph’s legendary luminous red nose helps protect it from freezing during sleigh rides.....(size: 1.7Kb)

After tons of dead fish, red tide may be clearing

Herald Tribune

29 Dec 2012

The fish, likely killed by a red tide bloom offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, had washed up along Blind Pass and Manasota beaches in Sarasota County ... But the good news is the dead fish have stopped washing back on shore, for the most part, a sign the red tide has diminished or moved away from local beaches ... After tons of dead fish, red tide may be clearingSTAFF REPORT....(size: 5.7Kb)

Preview: Adelaide United v Sydney FC (FFA - Football Federation Australia Limited)

noodls

29 Dec 2012

After a stunning start to the season, there seems to be a few cracks appearing with the Reds, who have hit a slight dip in form with losses in their past two matches ... The Reds have no new injury worries from their last-start loss to Brisbane, although Kosmina may ring a few changes to try and freshen up his jaded side ... Much of the Reds' success ......(size: 5.3Kb)

Don't compare me to Hodgson, blasts Rodgers

New Straits/Business Times

29 Dec 2012

LONDON - Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers has hit back at critics who have pointed out that his record is no better than failed former Reds boss Roy Hodgson. Rodgers’ inconsistent side slumped to a 3-1 defeat at Stoke on Wednesday  that left the Reds with 25 points from 19 league matches. ....(size: 2.6Kb)

Spa your way to 2012

The Examiner

29 Dec 2012

Bardessono’s latest spa offering includes the “Red Flower Nature Ritual” a carefully crafted experience designed to address skin inflammation and dryness, perfect for the winter season and for those with sensitive skin. The “Red Flower Nature Ritual” is two and a half hours of head to toe pampering, designed to soothe and replenish skin....(size: 2.6Kb)

Alys Fowler: spare a little love for the gooseberry

The Guardian

29 Dec 2012

Few of the varieties popular back then still exist, but those that do are worth hunting for, including 'Whinham's Industry' (prolific, red, tolerant of poor soils), 'Leveller' (the best yellow, large, but needs good ground), 'Lord Derby' (late red with large fruit) or 'White Lion' (late white with large berries)....(size: 4.7Kb)

Detroit art 2012: The year in review

The Examiner

29 Dec 2012

The biggest story in the Detroit art scene in 2012 was the founding of the Red Bull House of Art near Eastern Market ... Red Bull then supplies those artists with studio space and all art materials, and the artists can sell their work for full profit ... Red Bull executed an advertising blitzkrieg in order to fill up the first opening reception, but the ......(size: 5.3Kb)

Saskatoon driving service offers a sober ride

CBC

29 Dec 2012

It's called Operation Red Nose and this is the first year the program has been available in Saskatoon ... The service is free, but the Saskatoon Lions Club is asking for charity donations ... Operation Red Nose is available every Friday and Saturday from 9 p.m ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
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For other films named Red, see Red (film).

Reds
File:Redsposter.jpg movie poster
Directed by	Warren Beatty
Produced by	Warren Beatty
Screenplay by	Warren Beatty Trevor Griffiths
Starring	Warren Beatty Diane Keaton Jack Nicholson Paul Sorvino Maureen Stapleton Gene Hackman Edward Herrmann
Music by	Stephen Sondheim Dave Grusin
Cinematography	Vittorio Storaro
Editing by	Dede Allen Craig McKay
Studio	Barclays Mercantile Industrial Finance JRS Productions
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release date(s)	December 4, 1981 (1981-12-04)
Running time	194 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English Russian German
Budget	$32 million
Box office	$50,000,000^[1]

Reds is a 1981 American epic film that was co-written, produced, directed by and starred Warren Beatty. It centers on the life and career of John Reed, the revolutionary communist, journalist, and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days that Shook the World. Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton, as Louise Bryant, and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill.

The supporting cast of the film includes Edward Herrmann, Jerzy Kosinski, Paul Sorvino, Maureen Stapleton, Gene Hackman, Ramon Bieri, Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh. The film also features, as "witnesses," interviews with the 98-year old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing (1883–1983), author Dorothy Frooks (1896–1997), reporter and author George Seldes (1890–1995), civil libertarian Roger Baldwin (1884–1981), and the American writer Henry Miller (1891–1980), among others.

Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director for the film. Reds was also nominated for Best Picture, but lost to Chariots of Fire. Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton were nominated for Best Actor and Best Actress, but lost to Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn in On Golden Pond.

In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten" — the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres – after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre.^[2]^[3]

1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
5 Witnesses
6 Reception and response
7 Awards and honors
8 Notes
9 External links

Plot [link]

The film covers the life of John Reed and Louise Bryant from their first meeting to Reed's final days in 1920 Russia. Interspersed throughout the narrative, several surviving "witnesses" from the time period give their recollections on Reed, Bryant, their colleagues and friends, and the era itself. A number of them have mixed views of Bryant and her relationship with Reed.

In 1912, married socialite Bryant encounters the radical journalist John "Jack" Reed for the first time at a lecture in Portland, Oregon, and she is intrigued with his idealism. Upon meeting him for an interview on international politics which lasts over the course of a night, she realizes that writing has been her only escape from her frustrated high society existence. Inspired to leave her husband, Bryant joins Reed in Greenwich Village, New York City, with their fellow liberal peers. Later, they move to Provincetown, Massachusetts, to cover the 1913 Armory Show of European post-impressionist artwork. Through her writing, she becomes a feminist and radical in her own right. However, Reed becomes involved in labor strikes with the "Reds" of the American Communist Labor Party, and he results in alienating himself from Bryant. Obsessed with changing the world, he grows restless under his circumstances, and, against Bryant's wishes, he heads for St. Louis to cover the 1916 Democratic Convention. During Reed's absence, she falls into a complicated affair with the alcoholic playwright Eugene O'Neill, who is sympathetic towards her. Upon his return, Reed discovers the truth about the affair yet admits to his own infidelities, but Bryant takes ship to Europe to work as a war correspondent. After a flare-up of his kidney disorder, Reed is warned to avoid excessive travel or stress, but he decides to take the same path. Reunited as professionals, the two find their passion rekindled as they are swept up in the fall of Russia's czarist regime and the events of the 1917 Revolution.

The second part of the film takes place shortly after the publication of Ten Days that Shook the World. Inspired by the idealism of the Revolution, Reed attempts to bring the spirit of Communism to the United States, because he is disillusioned with the policies imposed upon Communist Russia by Grigory Zinoviev and the Bolsheviks. While attempting to leave Europe, he is briefly imprisoned and interrogated in Finland. He returns to Russia and is reunited with Bryant at the railway station in Moscow. By this point, Reed is growing progressively weaker as a result of his kidney disorder, but is refused permission to leave for medical treatment. Bryant helps nurse the ailing Reed, who passes away shortly after. At the beginning of the film a witness remarks about Reed being the only American to be buried in the Kremlin.

Cast [link]

Actor	Historical character
Warren Beatty	John Silas "Jack" Reed
Diane Keaton	Louise Bryant
Edward Herrmann	Max Eastman
Jerzy Kosinski	Grigory Zinoviev
Jack Nicholson	Eugene O'Neill
Paul Sorvino	Louis C. Fraina
Maureen Stapleton	Emma Goldman
Nicolas Coster	Paul Trullinger
William Daniels	Julius Gerber
M. Emmet Walsh	Speaker - Liberal Club
Ian Wolfe	Mr. Partlow
Bessie Love	Mrs. Partlow
MacIntyre Dixon	Carl Walters
Pat Starr	Helen Walters
Eleanor D. Wilson	Margaret Green Reed (mother)
Max Wright	Floyd Dell
George Plimpton	Horace Whigham
Harry Ditson	Maurice Becker
Leigh Curran	Ida Rauh
Kathryn Grody	Crystal Eastman
Dolph Sweet	Big Bill Haywood
Gene Hackman	Pete Van Wherry
Nancy Duiguid	Jane Heap
Dave King	Allan L. Benson
Roger Sloman	Vladimir Lenin
Stuart Richman	Leon Trotsky
Oleg Kerensky	Alexander Kerensky
John J. Hooker	Senator Overman
Jan Triska	Karl Radek

Production [link]

Warren Beatty came across the story of John Reed in the mid-1960s and executive producer and film editor Dede Allen remembers Beatty mentioning making a film about Reed's life as early as 1966. Originally titled Comrades, the first script was written by Beatty in 1969,^[4] but the process stalled. In 1976, Beatty found a suitable collaborator in Trevor Griffiths who began work but was delayed when his wife died in a plane crash.^[5] The preliminary draft of the script was finished in 1978, but Beatty still had problems with it. Beatty and Griffiths spent four and a half months on fixing it, though Beatty's friend Elaine May would also collaborate on polishing the script.

Beatty originally had no intention of acting in the film or even directing it, because he had learned on various projects such as Bonnie and Clyde and Heaven Can Wait that producing a film alone is a difficult task. He briefly considered John Lithgow for the part of John Reed because the two looked similar in appearance. Eventually, however, Beatty decided to act in the film and direct it himself. Jack Nicholson was cast as Eugene O'Neill over James Taylor and Sam Shepard.^[5]

When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15-to-16-week filming shoot, but it ultimately took one whole year to just shoot the film. The process was slow because it was shot in five different countries and at various points the crew had to wait for snow to fall in Helsinki (and other parts of Finland), which stood in for the Soviet Union, and for rain to stop in Spain. Beatty would also not stop the camera between takes and would have it continuously roll. He also insisted on a large number of takes. Paul Sorvino said he did as many as 70 takes for one scene and actress Maureen Stapleton had to do 80 takes of one particular scene which caused her to quip to Beatty, "Are you out of your fucking mind?"^[5]

Beatty and Keaton's romantic relationship also began to deteriorate during the filming. As Peter Biskind writing about the making of Reds said, "Beatty's relationship with Keaton barely survived the shoot. It is always a dicey proposition when an actress works with a star or director – both, in this case – with whom she has an offscreen relationship. ... Keaton appeared in more scenes than any other actor, save Beatty, and many of them were difficult ones, where she had to assay a wide range of feelings, from romantic passion to anger, and deliver several lengthy, complex, emotional speeches. George Plimpton once observed, "Diane almost got broken. I thought [Beatty] was trying to break her into what Louise Bryant had been like with John Reed." Executive producer Simon Relph adds, "It must have been a strain on their relationship, because he was completely obsessive, relentless."^[5]

The editing process began in spring of 1980 with as many as 65 people working on editing down and going over approximately two and a half million feet of film.^[5] Post-production ended in November 1981 more than two years after the start of filming. Paramount stated that the final cost of the film was $33.5 million, which would be the rough equivalent of around $80 million today.^[5]

Soundtrack [link]

The film introduced the song "Goodbye For Now," written by Stephen Sondheim. The song was later recorded by Barbra Streisand for The Movie Album (2003).

Witnesses [link]

"The most evocative aspect of the presentation is a documentary enhancement — interviews with a number of venerable 'witnesses,' whose recollections of the period help to set the scene, bridge transitions and preserve a touching human perspective," wrote The Washington Post.^[6] "More than anything else in Reds, these interviews give the film its poignant point of view and separate it from all other romantic adventure films ever made," wrote New York Times film critic Vincent Canby.^[7]

To gain perspective on the lives of Reed and Bryant, Beatty began filming the "witnesses" as early as 1971.^[8] Some of them are very well known, others less so. As well as their being listed in the opening credits, American Film magazine identified the witnesses in its March 1982 issue.^[9]

Jacob Bailin, labor organizer
Roger Nash Baldwin, founder, American Civil Liberties Union
John Ballato, early socialist
Harry Carlisle, writer, teacher
Kenneth Chamberlain, political cartoonist for the Masses
Andrew Dasburg, painter
Tess Davis, cousin of Louise Bryant's first husband
Will Durant, historian
Blanche Hays Fagen, with Provincetown Players
Hamilton Fish, Congressman, Harvard classmate of John Reed
Dorothy Frooks, "Recruiting girl," World War I
Hugo Gellert, artist for the Masses
Emmanuel Herbert, student in Petrograd, 1917–18
George Jessel, entertainer
Oleg Kerensky, son of Alexander Kerensky
Isaac Don Levine, journalist, translator for Reed
Arthur Mayer, film historian, Harvard classmate of Reed
Henry Miller, novelist
Adele Nathan, with Provincetown Players
Scott Nearing, sociologist, pacifist
Dora Russell, delegate to Comintern
Adela Rogers St. Johns, journalist
George Seldes, U.S. journalist in Moscow
Art Shields, political activist
Jessica Smith, political activist
Arne Swabeck, member, Communist Labor Party
Bernadine Szold-Fritz, journalist
Galina von Meck, witness to Russian Revolution
Heaton Vorse, son of a Provincetown playwright
Will Weinstone,organizer, U.S. Communist Party
Rebecca West, feminist, author
Lucita Williams, wife of a Lenin biographer

Reception and response [link]

Released on December 4th, 1981, Reds opened to critical acclaim upon its release. Despite its political subject matter and limited promotion by Warren Beatty, the film became the tenth highest grossing picture of 1981, grossing $50,000,000 in the United States.^[1] Although it was seen as a disappoinment, Beatty later remarked that the film "made a little money" in box office returns.

The movie currently holds a high 94% "Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes.^[10] The review stated that, "At a time when Ronald Reagan had just become the president of the United States, Beatty's sympathetic portrait of notorious American communist John Reed seemed even more daring. Yet, as it continues to age, the film only continues to grow in relevance, assuring its rightful place at the top of the Hollywood canon".^[10]

Awards and honors [link]

The film won Academy Awards for the following:^[11]^[12]

Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Maureen Stapleton playing Emma Goldman)
Best Cinematography (Vittorio Storaro)
Best Director (Warren Beatty)

The film received the following nominations:^[11]

Best Actor in a Leading Role (Warren Beatty)
Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Jack Nicholson)
Best Actress in a Leading Role (Diane Keaton)
Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Richard Sylbert, Michael Seirton)
Best Costume Design
Best Film Editing
Best Picture
Best Sound (Dick Vorisek, Tom Fleischman and Simon Kaye)
Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.^[13]

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b "Reds, Box Office Information". The Numbers. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1981/0RDS.php. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
^ American Film Institute (2008-06-17). "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ "Top 10 Epic". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/10top10/epic.html. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ United Press International, March 19, 1982. Attorney Ed Rubin, spokesman for Warren Beatty, briefly outlined the origins of Reds in a UPI story about a lawsuit brought against Beatty and Paramount by William Greene and Helen Smith, authors of a study of Louise Bryant. Green contended the film was based upon their work and they did not receive proper compensation. Rubin said Greene had initiated contact with Beatty in 1973, asking the actor to read his manuscript. Advised not to read it without making payment, Beatty paid Greene $250 in a written agreement. Beatty reportedly found the material without substantial value, and he vigorously denied the allegations made in the suit.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Peter Biskind (2006-03). "Thunder on the Left". http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/03/reds200603?printable=true. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
^ Arnold, Gary, "'Reds': The Passions of John Reed; A Film Adrift in the Maelstrom of History." The Washington Post, December 4, 1981
^ Canby, Vincent, "For American Movies, a Minor Renaissance"; The New York Times, December 27, 1981
^ United Press International, March 19, 1982
^ "Newsreel: Who Were Those Eyewitnesses in Reds?" American Film, March 1982, p. 8
^ ^a ^b "Reds, Movie Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/reds/. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/54th-winners.html. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
^ "NY Times: Reds". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/40771/Reds/awards. Retrieved 2008-12-31.
^ "Awards for Reds" at IMDb

External links [link]

Reds at the Internet Movie Database
Reds at AllRovi
Reds at Rotten Tomatoes
Review of Reds; Vincent Canby, The New York Times (December 4, 1981)
"Film on a Revolution Was a Revolution Itself"; A.O. Scott, The New York Times (October 4, 2006)

v t e Films directed by Warren Beatty

Heaven Can Wait (1978) Reds (1981) Dick Tracy (1990) Bulworth (1998)

v t e AFI's 10 Top 10

Animation	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) Pinocchio (1940) Bambi (1942) The Lion King (1994) Fantasia (1940) Toy Story (1995) Beauty and the Beast (1991) Shrek (2001) Cinderella (1950) Finding Nemo (2003)

Fantasy	The Wizard of Oz (1939) The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) It's a Wonderful Life (1946) King Kong (1933) Miracle on 34th Street (1947) Field of Dreams (1989) Harvey (1950) Groundhog Day (1993) The Thief of Bagdad (1924) Big (1988)

Gangster	The Godfather (1972) Goodfellas (1990) The Godfather Part II (1974) White Heat (1949) Bonnie and Clyde (1967) Scarface (1932) Pulp Fiction (1994) The Public Enemy (1931) Little Caesar (1931) Scarface (1983)

Science Fiction	2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) Star Wars (1977) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) A Clockwork Orange (1971) The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) Blade Runner (1982) Alien (1979) Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) Back to the Future (1985)

Western	The Searchers (1956) High Noon (1952) Shane (1953) Unforgiven (1992) Red River (1948) The Wild Bunch (1969) Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971) Stagecoach (1939) Cat Ballou (1965)

Sports	Raging Bull (1980) Rocky (1976) The Pride of the Yankees (1942) Hoosiers (1986) Bull Durham (1988) The Hustler (1961) Caddyshack (1980) Breaking Away (1979) National Velvet (1944) Jerry Maguire (1996)

Mystery	Vertigo (1958) Chinatown (1974) Rear Window (1954) Laura (1944) The Third Man (1949) The Maltese Falcon (1941) North by Northwest (1959) Blue Velvet (1986) Dial M for Murder (1954) The Usual Suspects (1995)

Romantic Comedy	City Lights (1931) Annie Hall (1977) It Happened One Night (1934) Roman Holiday (1953) The Philadelphia Story (1940) When Harry Met Sally... (1989) Adam's Rib (1949) Moonstruck (1987) Harold and Maude (1971) Sleepless in Seattle (1993)

Courtroom Drama	To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) 12 Angry Men (1957) Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) The Verdict (1982) A Few Good Men (1992) Witness for the Prosecution (1957) Anatomy of a Murder (1959) In Cold Blood (1967) A Cry in the Dark (1988) Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)

Epic	Lawrence of Arabia (1962) Ben-Hur (1959) Schindler's List (1993) Gone with the Wind (1939) Spartacus (1960) Titanic (1997) All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Reds (1981) The Ten Commandments (1956)

AFI 100 Years...

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Contents

Plot [link]

Cast [link]

Production [link]

Soundtrack [link]

Witnesses [link]

Reception and response [link]

Awards and honors [link]

Notes [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Reds_(film)

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