Damanhour دمنهور
Damanhour Opera House
Flag Seal
Damanhour Location in Egypt
Coordinates: 31°03′N 30°28′E / 31.05°N 30.467°E / 31.05; 30.467
Country	Egypt
Governorate	Beheira
Population (2011)
• Total	242,700
Time zone	EST (UTC+2)

Damanhour (Arabic: دمنهور‎ Damanhūr, Egyptian: Dmỉ-n-Ḥr.w, Coptic: Ⲧⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲣ, Greek: Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μικρά Hermopolis Mikra) is a city in Lower Egypt, and the capital of the Beheira Governorate. It is located 160 km (99 mi) northwest of Cairo, and 70 km (43 mi) E.S.E. of Alexandria, in the middle of the western Nile Delta.

In Ancient Egypt, the city was the capital of Lower Egypt's 7th Nome of A-ment. It stood on the banks of a canal which connected the lake Mareotis with the Canopic or most westerly arm of the Nile. (Champollion, L'Egypte, vol. ii. p. 249). The city was dedicated to the Ancient Egyptian god Horus. In Greek and Roman times, it was called Hermopolis Mikra or Hermopolis Parva, which would also give it an association with Hermes, the Egyptian Thoth. As Hermopolis, the city attracted the notice of numerous ancient geographers, including Stephanus of Byzantium s. v., Strabo (xvii. p. 802), Ptolemy (iv. 5. § 46), and the author of the Antonine Itinerary (p. 154). It is a Roman Catholic titular see.

In 1986, the population of Damanhour was 188,939. The richly-cultivated Beheira province gives rise to mainly agricultural industries which include cotton ginning, potato processing, and date picking. It also has a market for cotton and rice.

Ahmed H. Zewail, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1999, was born in Damanhour in 1946.

Etymology[link]

Damanhour was known in the ancient Egyptian scripts by the name "Di Men Hor", which means the city of the god Hor or Horus, on the grounds that it was a center for the worship of this god. It was also known by other names: in the Egyptian texts, "Behdet"; in the Greek texts "Hermou Polis Mikra" (the lesser city of Hermes), translated to Latin by the Romans as "Hermopolis Parva"; the name "Obollenoboles" associated it with the Greek god Apollo, and it was also called "Tel Ballamon". Later, the Egyptians reverted to the old name, represented as "Temenhor", which after the Islamic conquest was reinterpreted in Arabic as "Damanhour", the present name.

Climate[link]

Being located close to the Nile Delta that gives Damanhur a Mediterranean climate. The city gets average precipitation during winter, and rare rain during other seasons. Hail and frost are not unknown specifically during winter.

Tomb of Yaakov Abuhatzeira[link]

The town contains the tomb of Yaakov Abuhatzeira (1805–1880) a Moroccan Rabbi who died there in 1880 while on a pilgrimage to Palestine. The site is visited each year by hundreds of devotees.^[1] The tomb is an official antiquity site protected by the government of Egypt.^[2] Some Egyptians have protested against permitting Jews to enter Egypt to make the annual pilgrimage to Rabbi Abuhatzeira's tomb.^[3][4]

Cultural references[link]

Damanhour is the fictional home of the character Nebamon in the book Rise of the Golden Cobra, by Henry T. Aubin.

Damanhour name is used by the artist eco-village Federation of Damanhur in northern Italy.

References[link]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. 

External links[link]

• Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Damanhur, Egypt". http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/3/Damanhur.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30. 
• http://www.damanhour.5u.com Arabic script
• http://www.damanhour.5u.com/en.htm English script
• http://www.saeednet.4t.com live cam from damanhour
• "Hermopolis Parva". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07289b.htm. 

Coordinates: 31°03′N 30°28′E / 31.05°N 30.467°E / 31.05; 30.467

v t e Egypt's largest cities by population Cairo Alexandria Giza Shubra El-Kheima Port Said Suez El-Mahalla El-Kubra Luxor Asyut Mansoura Tanta Faiyum Zagazig Ismaïlia Kafr el-Dawwar Aswan Qena Damanhour Minya Sohag Beni Suef Shibin El Kom Banha Edfu Talkha Kafr el-Sheikh Mallawi Dikirnis Bilbeis Arish

Hunter Doherty "Patch" Adams
Adams in Anaheim, California, May 15, 2008
Born	(1945-05-28) May 28, 1945 (age 67) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Nationality	United States
Education	M.D., Virginia Commonwealth University
Alma mater	George Washington University
Home town	Arlington, Virginia
Spouse	Linda Edquist (1975–98; divorced)
Children	Atomic Zagnut Adams Lars Zig Edquist Adams

Hunter Doherty "Patch" Adams (born May 28, 1945, in Washington, D.C.) is an American physician, social activist, citizen diplomat and author. He founded the Gesundheit! Institute in 1971. Each year he organizes a group of volunteers from around the world to travel to various countries where they dress as clowns in an effort to bring humor to orphans, patients, and other people.^[1]

Adams is currently based in Urbana, Illinois. In collaboration with the institute, he promotes an alternative health care model, not funded by insurance policies.^[1]

Early life[link]

Adams had a difficult childhood. His father, an officer in the United States Army, had fought in Korea, and died while stationed in Germany when Adams was still a teenager.^[1] After his father's death, Adams returned to the United States with his mother and brother. Upon his return, Adams has stated that he encountered institutional injustice which made him a target for bullies at school. As a result, Adams was unhappy and became actively suicidal. After being hospitalized three times in one year for wanting to end his life, he decided "you don't kill yourself; you make revolution."^{[citation needed]}

Early career[link]

After graduating (1963) from Wakefield High School,^[2] Adams completed pre-med coursework at the George Washington University. He began medical school without an undergraduate degree, and earned his Doctor of Medicine degree at Virginia Commonwealth University (Medical College of Virginia) in 1971. In the late 1960s one of his closest friends (a man, not a woman as depicted in the Patch Adams film) was murdered. Convinced of the powerful connection between environment and wellness, he believes the health of an individual cannot be separated from the health of the family, community, and the world. While working in an adolescent clinic at MCV, in his final year of med school, he met Linda Edquist, a fellow VCU student who volunteered in the clinic. Soon after graduation, Patch, Linda, and friends founded the Gesundheit! Institute (originally known to many as the Zanies), which ran as a free community hospital for 12 years.

Adams and Edquist married in 1975 and had two sons, Atomic Zagnut "Zag" Adams and Lars Zig Edquist Adams. The couple divorced in 1998.^[3]

Gesundheit! Institute[link]

A revamped Gesundheit! Institute, envisioned as a free, full-scale hospital and health care eco-community, is planned on 316 acres (128 ha) in Pocahontas County, West Virginia. Its goal is to integrate a traditional hospital with alternative medicine, with the organization developing educational programs in sustainable systems design targeted to medical students and the general public.

Since the 1990s Adams has supported the Ithaca Health Alliance (IHA),^[4] founded as the Ithaca Health Fund (IHF) by Paul Glover. In January 2006 IHA launched the Ithaca Free Clinic, bringing to life key aspects of Adams' vision. Adams has also given strong praise to Health Democracy, Glover's book written and published the same year.

In October 2007, Adams and the Gesundheit Board unveiled its campaign to raise $1 million towards building a Teaching Center and Clinic on its land in West Virginia. The Center and Clinic will enable Gesundheit to see patients and teach health care design.

Adams urges medical students to develop compassionate connections with their patients. His prescription for this kind of care relies on humor and play, which he sees as essential to physical and emotional health. Ultimately, Adams wants the Gesundheit! Institute to open a 40-bed hospital in rural West Virginia that offers free, holistic care to anyone who wants it.^[5]

Adams was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award on January 29, 1997.^[6]

In 2008, Adams agreed to become honorary chair of the "International Association for the Advancement of Creative Maladjustment" or IAACM. In a number of his speeches and essays, Martin Luther King, Jr. had called for such an IAACM, but none was ever created. MindFreedom International, a nonprofit coalition that Gesundheit! belongs to as a sponsor group, launched the IAACM to support "creative maladjustment" and social change.^[7]

In media[link]

The 1998 film Patch Adams was based on Adams' life and views on medicine. Adams has criticized the film, saying it eschewed an accurate representation of his beliefs in favor of commercial viability. He said that out of all aspects of his life and activism, the film portrayed him merely as a funny doctor.^[8] Patch Adams also said of Robin Williams in an interview, "He made $21 million for four months of pretending to be me, in a very simplistic version, and did not give $10 to my free hospital. Patch Adams, the person, would have, if I had Robin's money, given all $21 million to a free hospital in a country where 80 million cannot get care."^[9]

However, in another interview, Adams did clarify that he did not hate Williams^[10], and Williams has actively supported St. Jude Children's Research Hospital for several years.^[11]

As a speaker, Dr. Adams travels around the globe lecturing about his medicine methods. ^[12].

Bibliography[link]

• Adams, Patch; Maureen Mylander (1998). Gesundheit! : bringing good health to you, the medical system, and society through physician service, complementary therapies, humor, and joy. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press. ISBN 978-0-89281-781-8. http://lccn.loc.gov/99187488. Retrieved 2008-12-16. 
• Adams, Patch; Maureen Mylander (1993). Gesundheit! : bringing good health to you, the medical system, and society through physician service, complementary therapies, humor, and joy. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press. ISBN 978-0-89281-442-8. http://lccn.loc.gov/92007008. Retrieved 2008-12-16. 
• Adams, Patch; Maureen Mylander (1998). Gesundheit! [sound recording]. Los Angeles, California: NewStar Media. ISBN 978-0-7871-1828-0. http://lccn.loc.gov/00717433. Retrieved 2008-12-16.  4 sound cassettes (ca. 6 hr.) : digitally mastered, Dolby processed.
• Adams, Patch (1998). House calls. cartoons by Jerry Van Amerongen. San Francisco, California: Robert D. Reed Publishers. ISBN 978-1-885003-18-8. http://lccn.loc.gov/98034266. Retrieved 2008-12-16. 
• Bourque, Judith (1999). The real Patch Adams (videorecording) / a film by Judith Bourque. Oley, PA: Bullfrog Films. ISBN 978-1-56029-811-3. http://lccn.loc.gov/2003389123. Retrieved 2008-12-16.  1 videocassette (53 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.
• Graham, John (1999). It’s up to us. foreword by Patch Adams. Langley, Washington: Giraffe Project. ISBN 978-1-893805-00-2. http://lccn.loc.gov/99097193. Retrieved 2008-12-16. 

References[link]

External links[link]

	Biography portal
	United States portal
	Medicine portal

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Patch Adams

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Patch Adams

• Official website
• Patch Adams at the Internet Movie Database

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Hazel Courteney is a British journalist specializing in alternative health and spiritual issues.

In 1994 she became the UK's first "Alternative Health Agony Aunt" in the UK national press, with her highly regarded and ground-breaking column "What's The Alternative" in the Daily Mail.^[1]

In 1997 she moved to the Style Section of the Sunday Times and was voted Health Journalist of the Year.^[1] In 1998, she left the Sunday Times to concentrate on writing more books.

In 2000, she produced her own TV show for Channel Health, Highly Alternative.^[1] Courteney has appeared many times on TV and radio, and regularly lectures in the UK and overseas.

She is the author of seven books, four of which were in print in 2007.

References[link]

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