- published: 26 Mar 2012
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- author: ndtvgoodtimes
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- Ahmedabad
- Anjar, India
- Baichung Bhutia
- Banni grasslands
- Bharasar
- Bhojay
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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (
i/ˈɑːmɨdəbɑːd/ also known as Amdavad 
) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. The city is an administrative centre of Ahmedabad district as well as the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court is in Ahmedabad. It was founded on 26 February 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Gujarat Sultanate, and was named after him. With a city population of more than 5.5 million and an extended population of 6.3 million it is the fifth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 32 km (20 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar.
Though incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during British rule, Ahmedabad remained one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. The city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname the Manchester of the East. The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century and centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights, and political independence.
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Bharasar
Bharasar is a small village in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India. The main religion of the villagers is Hinduism, Swaminarayan Sampraday. Nearby villages include Manukwa, Naranpur, Sukhpur and Samatra. The village mainly consists of farmland on the outskirts, with many residential homes, along with two bank branches and a girls' school. The Bharasar Gram panchayat is the local administrative governing body, and the village being a Bhuj Taluka, is partially funded and accountable to authorities in nearby Bhuj City.
Many residents have emigrated to the United Kingdom in London or Bolton, and some have to Kenya.
Bharasar is one of the 24 villages/ghaams that have formed the Shree Kutch Leva Patel Community (SKLPC).
Within the area is the ancient Harappan Dam of Bharasar, which is the area of the origin of the tributary of the river Zadko from the hills of Khatrod Lanki area near hills of Bharasar.
Originally, Haraappan Dam was 500 meter south. Actual overflow of the water from the dam was collected by a small reservoir near the old Bharasar (Harrappam time - 2000BC). It was called Bhara Sar, which refers to Sarovar, suggesting a lake was located there. Later, Maharao shri Bharmalji resettled the Village, and it was called a new name, Bhara Sar.
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Boston University
Boston University (often initialized as BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers. The university is nonsectarian, but is historically affiliated with The United Methodist Church.
BU is categorized as an RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. In 2009–2010, BU had research expenditures of $407.8 million, or $553 million if the research led by the Medical School faculty at Boston Medical Center is included. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education.
Among its faculty and alumni, BU counts 7 Nobel Prize winners, including Martin Luther King, Jr. (PhD '55); 22 Pulitzer Prize winners, and numerous[quantify]Guggenheim and MacArthur fellows.
The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees, and medical and dental degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is in Boston's South End neighborhood. BU also operates 75 study abroad programs in over 33 cities in over 20 countries and has internship opportunities in 10 different countries (including the United States and abroad).
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Gujarat
Gujarat /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ (Gujarati: ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt [ɡudʒ(ə)ɾat] (
listen)) is a state in western India. It has an area of 75,686 sq mi (196,030 km2) with a coastline of 1,600 km, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east and the Arabian Sea as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh on the west. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.
The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first ports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centers in the Maurya and Gupta empires. Mahatma Gandhi, India's "father of the nation", who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British colonial rule was a Gujarati.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister was also from Gujarat.
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Hajapar
Hajapar is village in Bhuj Taluka of Kachchh District of Gujarat State of India. It is located at a distance of about 18 km from Bhuj. One nearby village is Reha. As per some old records & books of Mistris community Hajapar was also known as Rajapar in olden days.
About the history of Hajapar it is one of the 19 villages founded by Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistris.These Mistris first moved in to Saurashtra in early 7th century and later a major group entered Kutch in 12th century & established themselves at Dhaneti. Later from 12th century onwards they moved to settle themselves between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devaliya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia.
These group of warriors were also talented architects and have contributed in erection of most of the historical architect of Kutch. The Mistris of these villages have built and developed the infrastructure, temples, community halls around the villages in late 19th century. Some of these Mistris made it big during early days of Railways construction by British during 1860-1930 and established themselves as contractors and Coal Mines owners in India.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Jambudi
Jambudi is a village near the Bhuj, the taluka of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is located at a distance of about 20 km from Bhuj Taluka and District Headquarter of Kutch.
About history of Jambudi, the village is among one of the 19 villages founded by Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistris. These Mistris first moved in to Kutch early 7th century and established themselves at Dhaneti. Later in 10th century onwards they moved between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devaliya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia. The Mistris of these villages have built and developed the infrastructure around the villages in late 1890. However, majority of old houses of Mistris with unique architect were destroyed in the earthquake of 26th January, 2001.
Among the famous railway contractors and colliery owners who hailed from this village and made it big during the early years of railway construction around 1860-1910 are Parbat Harbham, Shivjee Raja, Lalji Devji, Bharmal Sava, Patel Kachara Bhara.
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Kachchh
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. Covering an area of 45,652 km², it is the largest district of India.
Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains.
The district is also famous for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch.
Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The district had a population of 1,583,500 of which 30% were urban as of 2001. Motor vehicles registered in Kutch district have their registration Number starting with GJ-12.
wn.com/Kachchh -
Kachchh district
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. Covering an area of 45,652 km², it is the largest district of India.
Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains.
The district is also famous for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch.
Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The district had a population of 1,583,500 of which 30% were urban as of 2001. Motor vehicles registered in Kutch district have their registration Number starting with GJ-12.
wn.com/Kachchh_district -
Kukma
Kukma or Kookma is a village near the Bhuj town, taluka in Kachchh District of Indian State of Gujarat. It is located at a distance of 16 kilometers from Bhuj, the headquarters of Kachchh District.
About the history of Kukma, it is one the 19 villages established by Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistris. These Mistris first moved to the Saurashtra in the early 7th century and later a major group entered Kutch in the 12th century and established themselves at Dhaneti. Later from 12th century onwards they settled between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devaliya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia. Most of the early infrastructure, temples, community halls, school, girls boarding house and old houses are built by this community during late 19th century. However, majority of old houses with unique architect were destroyed in the earthquake of 26 January 2001.
During the years of British construction of railway lines, 1860-1930. many residents of the Mistri community made themselves into big Railway Contractors; notable among them who hailed from this village are Devraj Govind, Premji Kalyan, Kanji Pachhan, Nanji Kunverji,Govind Daya, Murji Jetha, Premji Devshi, Bheemji Pancha, Jetha Gopal, Jairam Premji, Kheta Murji, Premji Khengar, Devshi Nathu, Khengar Naran, Nanji Heera, Vishram Bhara, Shivje Lira, Govind Pancha, Vaanji Harji, Hirji Mavji, Khimjee Manji, Jagmal Daya, Nathu Megar, Bhoja Natha, Vasta Manji, Ruda Teja, Valji Jada, Naran Vala, Kheemji Manji, Karsan Bhara, Devji Gopal, Visharm Jetha, Bhoja Natha, Ramji Arjan, Ghela Pachan, Mulji Bharmal, Gopal Nanji.
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Kutch
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. Covering an area of 45,652 km², it is the largest district of India.
Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains.
The district is also famous for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch.
Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The district had a population of 1,583,500 of which 30% were urban as of 2001. Motor vehicles registered in Kutch district have their registration Number starting with GJ-12.
wn.com/Kutch -
Kutch District
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. Covering an area of 45,652 km², it is the largest district of India.
Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains.
The district is also famous for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch.
Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The district had a population of 1,583,500 of which 30% were urban as of 2001. Motor vehicles registered in Kutch district have their registration Number starting with GJ-12.
wn.com/Kutch_District -
Kutch district
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. Covering an area of 45,652 km², it is the largest district of India.
Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains.
The district is also famous for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch.
Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The district had a population of 1,583,500 of which 30% were urban as of 2001. Motor vehicles registered in Kutch district have their registration Number starting with GJ-12.
wn.com/Kutch_district -
Lakhpat
Lakhpat fort town is a small town and sub-district in Kachchh district in the Indian state of Gujarat. The town is within the fort walls of the 18th-century Lakhpat fort. As of 2001[update] it had a population of 436 in 87 households.
The literal meaning of Lakhpat is the city of millionaire, however today it is sparsely populated Ghost town, a city of ruins of buildings and a magnificent fort surrounding them. Historically it has been very important trading post connecting Gujarat to Sindh. Its decline started when an earthquake diverted the flow of the Sindhu river away from it. It has a scenic landscape with a fort in ruins along with tomb and a mosque noted for their fine carvings. A nearby gurudwara is historically significant, as Guru Nanak is believed to have visited this site while he was on his way to Mecca. Few of his relics are retained here. During the period of Muslim invasion, the Khudabadi Sonara Community and other Hindus who had not converted to Islam under the Ghaznavids moved to Vegh Kot and Lakhpat (in Kutch) around 1028 AD, to avoid genocide at the hands of the invading Muslims and to live peacefully under Hindu Samma rulers.
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Madhapar
Madhapar is a large village located in south western Kutch district in the state of Gujarat, India. Bhuj is the regional hub of the town where the nearest airport exists. It serves one flight daily to Mumbai.
The town of Madhapar, with a population of fewer than fifteen thousand people, some 3 km from the main town of Bhuj in the province of Kutch (Gujarat), is one of the wealthiest towns in the area with an average GDP of $12,000 per person. Madhapar is also statistically the wealthiest village in the whole of Southern Asia.
In recent times, the town has become greener, with new lakes, check dams and deep bore artisan wells that provide fresh water all year round. New health centers, playing fields, parks and temples. The Learning Star International School (CBSE), an activity-based school, based on "a happy school" concept, is being established in the Citi Square Township, very close to Madhapar starting from the academic year April 2012, which has Baichung Bhutia and many more passionate educationists as their advisory council members.
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Meghpur
Meghpur (Gujarati: મેઘ્પુર, Hindi: मेघ्पुर) also spelled as Meghpar (Gujarati: મેઘ્પર, Hindi: मेघ्पर) is a village in Kutch, state of Gujarat in western India.
Meghpur is located 18 km south from Bhuj, the neighbouring villages are Naranpur and Godpur. Meghpur is reached by State Highway 47 (Bhuj to Mandvi) and State Highway 48 (Bhuj to Mundra).
As you turn into the road leading to the town from State Highway 47, you come across a garden created by the villagers with donations from overseas and the Gujarat Government. As you enter the village itself, you come to the Meghpur Primary school followed by the town center square (bhathaan). The bus stop is located in the square were there are shops, tea stalls and Shankar Mandir (Temple).
There is a river alongside the old and new Meghpur and with the partnership of the Indian Government and the private sector 9 check dams have been built to converse water. The village enjoys a constant water supply with the old well and main supply tanks located behind the primary school. The new borehole has had to be located 3 km on the other side of the river due to the reduction in water following the 2001 Gujarat earthquake that struck the region with frightening accuracy.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Nagor
Nagor or Nagher is a village in Bhuj Taluka of Kutch at a distance of about 8 km from Bhuj town, the capital of Kachchh District of Gujarat in India.
Nagor or Nagher is one of the 19 villages founded by Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistri community, as they are known in Kutch. These group of warriors were also skilled architects and have contributed to the erection of many historical monuments of Kutch.
These Mistris first moved in to Saurashtra early 7th century and late in 12th century moved into Kutch and established themselves at Dhaneti. Later from 12th century onwards they moved between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devaliya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia.
During the years of laying of Railway lines in British India around 1850–1930 many members of Mistri community moved out and made themselves in to big Railway contractors throughout India. Some of them entered in to Coal mines business as well. The Mistris of these villages have built and developed the old infrastructure around the villages in late 1890 from their earnings during those time. Although it were Mistris who established this village most of them have migrated and settled themselves in various parts of India. But they often visit village as most of them have their Kuldevis temple and "parias" in and around Nagor. However, majority of old houses of Mistris with unique architect were destroyed in the earthquake of 26 January 2001.
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Ratnal
Ratnal is a village near the town of Anjar and the taluka of Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is located about 15 km from Anjar.
Ratnal was founded by Rabaris. The most influential person among them was named "Ratna" and thus the name Ratnal.[citation needed] The village was about 0.5 km South-East to its current center. Rabaris first lived here after a sister of Kutchi Royal family who was married to a Jethwa royal family outside Kutch was donated to rule this village among others. They also lived here with Rabaris. Today, Jethwa Khsatriya people are found in this village and Anjar in the whole Kutch region. About 500 years ago, Yaduvanshi Ahirs people are believed to enter Ratnal for the first time.[citation needed]Ahirs are the majority in Ratnal now.
Further, as per history of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya community Ratnal was founded by Jethwa Rajputs of their community, who shifted from Dhaneti in 14th century to Ratnal Most of the members of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas moved out of Ratnal during decades of 1850-1870 and today there are very few families of them living in Ratnal, one of the villages founded by them in 14th Century AD.
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Reha
Reha is a village in Bhuj Taluka of Kutch at a distance of about 15 km from Bhuj town, the capital of Kachchh District of Gujarat in India.
About the history of Reha it is one of the 19 villages founded by Kutch Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas or Mistris community, as they are known in Kutch.These group of warriors were also skilled architects and have contributed to the erection of many historical monuments of kutch.
These Mistris first moved in to Saurashtra in early 7th century and later a major group entered Kutch in 12th Century & established themselves at Dhaneti. Later in 12th century onwards they moved between Anjar and Bhuj and founded the villages of Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Nagalpar, Khedoi, Madhapar, Hajapar, Kukma, Galpadar, Reha, Vidi, Ratnal, Jambudi, Devariya, Lovaria, Nagor, Chandiya, Meghpar and Kumbharia.
During the years of laying of Railway lines in British India around 1850-1930 many members of Mistris moved out and made themselves in to big Railway contractors throughout India. Some of them entered in to Coal mines business as well.The Mistris of these villages have built and developed the old infrastructure around the villages in late 1890 from their earnings during those time. However, majority of old houses of Mistris with unique architect were destroyed in the earthquake of 26 January 2001.
wn.com/Reha -
University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on the east coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland.
Founded in 1881 the institution was, for most of its early existence, a constituent college of the University of St Andrews alongside United College and St Mary's College located in the town of St Andrews itself. Following significant expansion, the University of Dundee became an independent body in 1967 whilst retaining much of its ancient heritage and governance structure. Since its independence, the university has grown to become an internationally recognised centre for research.
The main campus of the university is located in Dundee's West End, which also contains the university's affiliated Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design and the Dundee Dental Hospital and School. The university also has additional facilities at Ninewells Hospital – containing its School of Medicine, Perth Royal Infirmary – which houses a clinical research centre, and in Kirkcaldy, Fife – containing part of its school of Nursing and Midwifery. Dundee has developed a significant reputation for students entering the traditional professions most notably law, medicine and dentistry as well as emerging areas such as life sciences and art.
wn.com/University_of_Dundee
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Baichung Bhutia
Baichung Bhutia (Hindi: बाईचुंग भुटिया; born 15 December 1976) is an Indian footballer who plays as a striker. Bhutia is considered to be the torchbearer of Indian football in the international arena. He is often nicknamed the Sikkimese Sniper because of his shooting skills in football. Three-time Indian Player of the Year I. M. Vijayan described Bhutia as "God's gift to Indian football".
Bhutia has had four spells at I-League football team East Bengal Club, the club where he started his career. When he signed up to play for the English club Bury in 1999, he became the first Indian footballer to play professional football in Europe. Afterwards he had a short loan spell at the Malaysian football club Perak FA. As well as this he has played for JCT Mills, which won the league once during his tenure; and Mohun Bagan, which failed to win the league once during his two spells, in his native India. His international footballing honours include winning the Nehru Cup, LG Cup, SAFF Championship three times and the AFC Challenge Cup. He is also India's most capped player, and in the 2009 Nehru Cup he received his 100th international cap.
wn.com/Baichung_Bhutia -
J. P. Dutta
Jyoti Prakash Dutta (born 3 October 1949 in Mumbai, Maharashtra) is an Indian Bollywood film producer and director. Mr. Dutta produces his films under the banner of JP Films. He is known for directing many patriotic war films and films in the action genre. His films often have ensemble star casts.
In 1998, he got 'National Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration' from President of India for his super hit film "Border". Due to the national scale of the National Film Awards, it is considered equivalent of the American Academy Awards. Ministry of Defense gives him full support for his war films. In Indian Army, no celebration is complete, without playing the song 'Sandese ate hain' from his film "Border".
Some of the Bollywood Hindi films that he has written, produced and directed are Border, Refugee, LOC Kargil and Umrao Jaan.
He is the son of O. P. Dutta who has himself been a director, story writer and dialogue writer in Bollywood films. O. P. Dutta also writes dialogues for most of J P Dutta's films.
wn.com/J._P._Dutta -
Keki N. Daruwalla
Keki N. Daruwalla (born 1937) is a major Indian poet and short story writer in English language. He has written over 12 books and published his first novel "For Pepper and Christ" in 2009. He is also a former IPS officer, who retired as Additional Director in the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).
He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, in 1984 for his poetry collection, "The Keeper of the Dead", by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.
Keki Nasserwanji Daruwalla was born in loni,burhanpur (now in loni, burhanpur), in 1937. His father N.C. Daruwalla, was an eminent professor, who taught in loni institute of literature (LIL). After the Partition, his family left Punjab while his elder brother stayed back, and moved to Junagadh in Gujarat, then to Rampur. As a result he grew up studying in various schools and mediums and started writing short stories in school.
He obtained his master's degree in English Literature from Government College, Ludhiana, University of Punjab.
He joined the Indian Police Service (IPS) in 1958, and eventually becoming a Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on International Affairs. He subsequently was in the Cabinet Secretariat until his retirement.
wn.com/Keki_N._Daruwalla
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The Highwaymen in the historical city of Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Highway On My Plate: Rocky and Mayur are in the beautiful city of Bhuj and they cannot wait to try out the well-known eating joints of the place.
http://wn.com/The_Highwaymen_in_the_historical_city_of_Bhuj
Tv9 Gujarat - Sadhvi of Swaminarayan Temple went Missing, Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Ansuiya Patel,22 Sadhvi of Swami Narayan Temple in Bhuj is missing. Her parents has alleged the temple authorities for her missing. They want the temple authorities to find their daughter. Whereas the administration of the different story to tell. According to them Ansuiya used to talk on phone. However Police is probing in the matter after complaint has been lodged by the family members.
http://wn.com/Tv9_Gujarat_Sadhvi_of_Swaminarayan_Temple_went_Missing,_Bhuj
Bhuj Mandir Suvarna Mahotsav 2012 - Day 6 Evening - Shree Swaminarayan Gadi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:06
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Exactly fifty years since the establishment of Bhuj Mandir, its golden jubilee is being celebrated in a unique manner from 29 April till 5 May 2012. Inspired by Swamibapa's beloved heir, Acharya Swamishree Maharaj, the sants and disciples of Maninagar Shree Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan have organised a magnificent festival. This is the sixth day of the festival, where a multitude of dancers and singers performed for Acharya Swamishree.
http://wn.com/Bhuj_Mandir_Suvarna_Mahotsav_2012_Day_6_Evening_Shree_Swaminarayan_Gadi
MA ASHAPURA NEWS 29-7-BHUJ KERA MURDER.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/MA_ASHAPURA_NEWS_29-7-BHUJ_KERA_MURDER
Bhuj Mandir Suvarna Mahotsav 2012 - Day 1 Evening - Shree Swaminarayan Gadi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:24
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Exactly fifty years since the establishment of Bhuj Mandir, its golden jubilee is being celebrated in a unique manner from 29 April till 5 May 2012. Inspired by Swamibapa's beloved heir, Acharya Swamishree Maharaj, the sants and disciples of Maninagar Shree Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan have organised a magnificent festival. This is the evening event of the first day of the Mahotsav.
http://wn.com/Bhuj_Mandir_Suvarna_Mahotsav_2012_Day_1_Evening_Shree_Swaminarayan_Gadi
Travelling on Mandvi-Bhuj road in Gujarat
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
At the start of the video we were moving out from the local rural road to the main highway road then to proceed towards Bhuj Railway Station. The video shows the wonderful road and the scenic beauty around it. I recorded this from my new cam but due to shortage of space in memory card I had to record it without HD setting.
http://wn.com/Travelling_on_Mandvi-Bhuj_road_in_Gujarat
Tv9 Gujarat - 5 coach of a train got derailed, no death or injury reported, Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Near Bhuj railway station a train got derailed today. At 10:30 am Bhuj-Bareli train reached Bhuj railway station but instead of stopping there it moved ahead due to some technical fault. Engine of the train along with four coaches got derailed from the track and entered residential areas. The coaches which got derailed contained 30 passengers but fortunately no injury or death is reported. Railway officers and Police reached the spot after the accident took place.
http://wn.com/Tv9_Gujarat_5_coach_of_a_train_got_derailed,_no_death_or_injury_reported,_Bhuj
Narendra Modi addresses the youths in Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:40
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Narendra Modi addresses the youths in Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
http://wn.com/Narendra_Modi_addresses_the_youths_in_Bhuj,_Kutch,_Gujarat
Monsoon Rain in Bhuj on 6th Sep 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
The effects of the Monsoon rain around various locations near Bhuj Mandir; Hamir Sarovar and check dams overflowing.
http://wn.com/Monsoon_Rain_in_Bhuj_on_6th_Sep_2011
Annakoot Darshan Bhuj 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:08
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Annakoot Darshan Swaminarayan Mandir Bhuj
http://wn.com/Annakoot_Darshan_Bhuj_2012
Shaykh ul Islam Dr.Muhammad Tahir ul Qadri in Bhuj Kutch Full lecture 2012 HD 1080p Part-2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:18
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Shaykh ul Islam Dr.Muhammad Tahir ul Qadri in Bhuj Kutch Full lecture 2012 HD 1080p Part-2 Published By www.madinah.wapka.mobi Or http
http://wn.com/Shaykh_ul_Islam_DrMuhammad_Tahir_ul_Qadri_in_Bhuj_Kutch_Full_lecture_2012_HD_1080p_Part-2
IRFCA - Palanpur Bhuj Passenger on the last leg of its journey with Vatva WDM3A 18628...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
59246 PNU Bhuj passenger departing from Ratnal in Kutch towards the last leg of its journey to Bhuj...taken on a level crossing....notice the Karnavati liveried Chair car coach.... the train has an RSA wid overnight PNU-GIMB exp and hence there is a SL coach in in the rake along with CC coaches..
http://wn.com/IRFCA_Palanpur_Bhuj_Passenger_on_the_last_leg_of_its_journey_with_Vatva_WDM3A_18628
BAJAJ PULSAR 220 STUNTS-46 BHUJ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
IMRAN NODE-46 ROSSI 2nd winner of zara bike rally 2009 DST Kutch,gujarat india,
http://wn.com/BAJAJ_PULSAR_220_STUNTS-46_BHUJ
NARENDRA MODI YUVA SAMMELAN BHUJ SAID ASAM AUR FDI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:04
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
NARENDRA MODI YUVA SAMMELAN BHUJ SAID ASAM AUR FDI. BHUJ Narendra Modi says:PM has given Indian democracy 'new' definition Taking a dig atManmohan Singh for allowing FDI in multi-brand retail and attacking him on being silent on Assam violence, Gujarat chief ministerNarendra Modi on Friday said the Prime Minister has altered the definition of Indian democracy to "of the foreigners, by the foreigners and for the foreigners." "Now onwards pen, pencils, notebooks would not be sold by your neighbourhood shopkeeper but some 'Gora'(foreigner). So, local traders and retailers will lose employment," Modi said here while addressing a large gathering at Vivekananda Youth Convention here in Kutch district. He alleged that the decision to allow foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail has been taken when there is no level playing field between global manufacturers and domestic producers, facilitating the foreigners. "This Congress-led government has overnight introduced FDI in retail, keeping Parliament in dark and have broken the promises it has given on the floor of the House," he added. Modi also blamed the Prime Minister for not taking effective steps to control violence, inspite of him being elected to Rajya Sabha from Assam. "Bangladeshis, who are foreigners, have started asserting their rights in Assam and our Prime Minster who is also elected from Assam is silent," he alleged. "If you put these two issues, violence in Assam by foreigners and allowing FDI in ...
http://wn.com/NARENDRA_MODI_YUVA_SAMMELAN_BHUJ_SAID_ASAM_AUR_FDI
Bhuj Mandir Suvarna Mahotsav 2012 - Day 4 Evening Performance - Shree Swaminarayan Gadi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 111:25
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Exactly fifty years since the establishment of Bhuj Mandir, its golden jubilee is being celebrated in a unique manner from 29 April till 5 May 2012. Inspired by Swamibapa's beloved heir, Acharya Swamishree Maharaj, the sants and disciples of Maninagar Shree Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan have organised a magnificent festival. This is the evening performance on the fourth day of the festival, where 100 Dholies performed various pieces together.
http://wn.com/Bhuj_Mandir_Suvarna_Mahotsav_2012_Day_4_Evening_Performance_Shree_Swaminarayan_Gadi
mesub pakvan sweet bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
mesub pakvan sweet bhuj Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Bhuj
http://wn.com/mesub_pakvan_sweet_bhuj
Bhuj Mandir Suvarna Mahotsav 2012 - Day 3 Evening Devotional Songs - Shree Swaminarayan Gadi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 113:04
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Exactly fifty years since the establishment of Bhuj Mandir, its golden jubilee is being celebrated in a unique manner from 29 April till 5 May 2012. Inspired by Swamibapa's beloved heir, Acharya Swamishree Maharaj, the sants and disciples of Maninagar Shree Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan have organised a magnificent festival. This is the third evening of the festival, where a devotional concert was held by Viju Shah.
http://wn.com/Bhuj_Mandir_Suvarna_Mahotsav_2012_Day_3_Evening_Devotional_Songs_Shree_Swaminarayan_Gadi
Shri Lal Krishna Advani addressing the youths at Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:38
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Shri Lal Krishna Advani addressing the youths at Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat
http://wn.com/Shri_Lal_Krishna_Advani_addressing_the_youths_at_Bhuj,_Kutch,_Gujarat
Shri Narendra Modi addressing the Vivekananda Youth Convention at Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:53
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Shri Narendra Modi addressing the Vivekananda Youth Convention at Bhuj
http://wn.com/Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Vivekananda_Youth_Convention_at_Bhuj
Shri Narendra Modi addressing the Vivekananda Youth Convention at Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 65:04
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Watch LIVE as Shri Narendra Modi addresses the Vivekananda Youth Convention at Bhuj on 21st September, 10 am
http://wn.com/Shri_Narendra_Modi_addressing_the_Vivekananda_Youth_Convention_at_Bhuj
Gundi, Sata, Shakarpara, bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Gundi, Sata, Shakarpara, bhuj Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Bhuj
http://wn.com/Gundi,_Sata,_Shakarpara,_bhuj
~ ♥♫Holi Holi Bhuj Diveya ♫♥~Punjabi Love Song♫♥~
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Such an Amazing Song ..Hope u like it:)
http://wn.com/~_♥♫Holi_Holi_Bhuj_Diveya_♫♥~Punjabi_Love_Song♫♥~
Tv9 Gujarat - Flame oozing out from abyss, Bhuj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 16 Feb 2012
A small of Village of Bhuj has become talk of town overnight. Dhori village is facing an unusual problem, flame is oozing out of earth. Villagers found that on lighting match stick earth catches fire.Even water oozing out is flammable. According to villagers this problem is since 2001 but now it has become more intense.
http://wn.com/Tv9_Gujarat_Flame_oozing_out_from_abyss,_Bhuj
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: UN / Logan Abassi
21 Nov 2012
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change. The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14% above where they need to be in 2020 for temperature rises this century to remain below 2C. The authors say this target is still technically...(size: 3.5Kb)
DNA India
22 Nov 2012
IMC
22 Nov 2012
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The Times of India
21 Nov 2012
Newstrack India
21 Nov 2012
Tweet Mumbai/Pune, Nov 21 (IANS) Special Inspector General Deven Bharti and 16 handpicked men oversaw Operation X leading to the death by hanging of Pakistani terrorist Ajmal Amir Kasab Wednesday. The process was quietly initiated shortly after President Pranab Mukherjee rejected Kasab's mercy plea Nov 5, official sources said....(size: 3.5Kb)
IMC
21 Nov 2012
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Newstrack India
20 Nov 2012
Tweet Moscow, Nov 20 (IANS/RIA Novosti) Lionel Messi moves so skilfully that there's no point trying to chase the Barcelona star down, Spartak Moscow wing?back Dmitry Kombarov said. Spartak host Barcelona in the Champions League Tuesday with Barcelona able to qualify for the knockout stages with a win and the Russians needing all three points to...(size: 2.7Kb)
Newstrack India
20 Nov 2012
Tweet New Delhi, Nov 20 (IANS) The infamous mastermind of an inter?state prostitution racket, who used to supply call girls at farmhouses and five?star hotels attempted suicide in the high?security Tihar jail here, police said Tuesday. Sex?racketeer Geeta Arora alias Sonu Punjaban, tried to commit suicide around 9.30 p.m. Monday by consuming...(size: 2.9Kb)
Newstrack India
20 Nov 2012
Tweet Moscow, Nov 20 (IANS/RIA Novosti) The freezing Russian winter and a plastic pitch will not hold Barcelona back when they seek vital Champions League points against Spartak Moscow Tuesday, midfielder Cesc Fabregas said. Sub?zero temperatures are predicted for the game, while the artificial turf at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium has played its part...(size: 3.0Kb)
Newstrack India
19 Nov 2012
Tweet Mumbai, Nov 19 (IANS) Maharashtra Director General of Police Sanjeev Dayal Monday ordered a probe into the arrest of a 21?year?old girl and her friend for posting comments on a social networking website on the shutdown in Mumbai after Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray's death. "An inquiry has been ordered in the case and a report will be...(size: 4.1Kb)
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The Times of India
17 Nov 2012
BHUJ: The Border Security Force (BSF) braves the harsh terrain and remote locations that the Army does, sometimes to a greater extent, but doesn't get the same spotlight. Of all the difficult environments the BSF faces - it is responsible for the borders shared with Pakistan and Bangladesh, Indo-Tibetan Border Police ( ITBP) looks after those with...(size: 4.7Kb)
For the dagger, see Bhuj (weapon).
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This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (July 2011) |
| Bhuj | |
|---|---|
| — city — | |
 |
|
 Bhuj
|
|
| Coordinates: 23°16′N 69°40′E / 23.27°N 69.67°E / 23.27; 69.67Coordinates: 23°16′N 69°40′E / 23.27°N 69.67°E / 23.27; 69.67 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Kachchh |
| Elevation | 110 m (360 ft) |
| Population (2008) | |
| • Total | 289,429 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Gujarati, Hindi |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| PIN | 370001 |
| Telephone code | 2832 |
| Vehicle registration | GJ-12 |
| Sex ratio | 0.92 ♂/♀ |
| source:Census of India[1] | |
Bhuj (ભુજ ) is a city and a municipality in Kutch district in the state of Gujarat, India.
Contents |
History[link]
It was established by Rao Hamirji in 1510 and was made the state capital by Rao Khengarji I in 1549. Its foundation stone as state capital laid formally on Vikram Samvat 1604 Maagha 5th (Approx. 25 January 1548). 1947 to 1956 Bhuj Capital of Kutch state after 1960 Kutch part of Gujarat state Currently it is the district headquarters of Kutch District,the largest district in India. Bhuj is home to one of the first Swaminarayan Sampraday temples, built in 1822.
In January 2001, the city was struck by a major earthquake which caused a great deal of damage and loss of life.
Geography[link]
Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 metres (360 feet). On the eastern side of the town is a hill known as Bhujiyo Dungar, on which there is Bhujia Fort, that separates Bhuj city and Madhapar town. It has one big lake named Hamirsar and several small lakes.
The old city was surrounded by the fort, which had five major gates and one small gate known as "chathi bari" (sixth window). Much of the fort wall has either fallen down or been demolished, due to the city's development and the earthquake of 2001.
Transportation[link]
Bhuj is connected to Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Delhi and other major cities of India by trains. It has a domestic airport from where daily flights operate to Mumbai, with flights operated by Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways. State Transport Buses are available from the ST stand in the middle of the town to various places in Gujarat. Additionally, many private tour operators also run frequent buses to major cities in and outside Gujarat.
Education[link]
Alfred High School, the first High School of Kutch established in 1870 is also an architect heritage of town. Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University[2] is located in Bhuj. University has 28[3] colleges affiliated, seven of them are in Bhuj. University gives degrees in Arts, Science, Commerce, Law Education, Management, Pharmacy, Social Welfare, Medicine and Engineering. Other schools include St. Xaviers High School(Eng. Med, Guj. Board), Matruchaya Kanya Vidhayalay(Guj. Med, Guj. Board), Sheth V.D. High School(Guj. Med, Guj. Board). There is also a Medical Collage, named Adani Medical College. The Learning Star International School (CBSE), an activity-based school, based on "a happy school" concept, is being established in the Citi Square Township (Lakhond-Bhuj) which started from the academic year 2012-13, which has Baichung Bhutia and many more passionate educationists as their advisory council members. Learning Star International School, Bhuj (Gujarat) has won the Limca Book of Record to be the First School in India to complete their admission process in the fastest time.[citation needed]
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Bhuj | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36 (97) |
38 (100) |
43 (109) |
45 (113) |
47 (117) |
46 (115) |
40 (104) |
38 (100) |
40 (104) |
41 (106) |
40 (104) |
35 (95) |
47 (117) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26 (79) |
28 (82) |
33 (91) |
37 (99) |
38 (100) |
36 (97) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
35 (95) |
32 (90) |
37 (99) |
33.2 (91.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 11 (52) |
13 (55) |
17 (63) |
21 (70) |
25 (77) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
21 (70) |
16 (61) |
12 (54) |
19.5 (67.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
1 (34) |
8 (46) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
12 (54) |
7 (45) |
3 (37) |
1 (34) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
30 (1.18) |
160 (6.3) |
70 (2.76) |
40 (1.57) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
300 (11.81) |
| % humidity | 54 | 52 | 53 | 56 | 60 | 70 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 52 | 55 | 63 |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Source: Weatherbase[4] | |||||||||||||
Culture[link]
Bhuj is a famous destination for shopping of handicraft work. Artists of nearby villages bring their art work for sale in Bhuj. Important landmarks for people wishing to study and know more about Kutchi embroidery are Shrujan, Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan (KMVS), Kalaraksha and Women Artisans' Marketing Agency (WAMA, Bandhini).
Bhuj as Taluka[link]
Following villages belong to this taluka: Meghpur, Madhapar, Kukma, Nagor, Dhaneti, Hajapar, Reha, Jambudi, Sukhpar, Mirjapur, Mankuva, Bharasar, Baladia, Kodki and Khavda, Samtra, Desalpar, Surajpur, Naranpur, Kera, Rampur, Daisara, Mirjapur, Mankuva
Demographics[link]
The total population of Bhuj was 136,429 in the year 2008, which consisted of 71,056 males and 65,373 females. The total number of houses was 27,999.[1]
Wildlife Sanctuaries and Reserves of Kutch[link]
From the city of Bhuj various ecologically rich and wildlife conservation areas of the Kutch / Kachchh district can be visited such as Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary, Kutch Bustard Sanctuary, Banni Grasslands Reserve and Chari-Dhand Wetland Conservation Reserve etc..
Religion[link]
The dominant religions of Kutch are a form of Vaishnav Hinduism, Jainism and Islam. Sikh Gurudwara is also situated in kachchh at Lakhpat. This gurudwara was originally a house where the first guru Shri Guru Nanak stayed during his journey. The Swaminarayan Sampraday has a huge following in this region. Their main temple in this district is Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhuj. Anjar city is the really famous also as Swaminarayan Mandir and Swaminarayanians.
Books About Bhuj[link]
The Bhuj Story - After the Quake (2005) is a short book written by Rishi Mohan Sanwal. The Book relates to the experiences of the author and his friends after the earthquake of 26th Jan 2001 in Kutch, Gujarat. The Book has been published by Government of India. Rishi Mohan Sanwal was born in Kotdwara, Uttarakhand. After completing his engineering degree from Indian Institute of technology, Bombay and management studies from Indian Institute of management (llM), Ahmedabad, he is currently working as a management consultant.
Bhuj as a film location[link]
J. P. Dutta's Hindi film Refugee and Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam were shot on location in the Great Rann of Kutch and other locations in and around the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. This film was attributed to have been inspired by the famous story by Keki N. Daruwalla based around the Great Rann of Kutch titled "LOVE ACROSS THE SALT DESERT"[5] which is also included as one of the short stories in the School Standard XII syllabus English text book of NCERT in India.[6] The film crew having traveled from Mumbai was based at the city of Bhuj and majority of the film shooting took place in various locations around in the Kutch District of the Indian state of Gujarat including the Great Rann of Kutch (also on BSF controlled "snow white" Rann within), Villages and Border Security Force (BSF) Posts in Banni grasslands and the Rann, Tera fort village, Lakhpat fort village, Khera fort village, a village in southern Kutch, some ancient temples of Kutch and with parts and a song filmed on set in Mumbai's Kamalistan Studio.
Just after the film shooting of Refugee finished, the film crew of another Hindi film "Lagaan" descended on Bhuj in Kutch and shot the entire film in the region, employing local people and villagers from miles around. A set of a full period Village was constructed for the film with typical Kutch style mud houses or huts with thatched straw roofs called bhoongas.[7]
See also[link]
- Nagalpar
- Nagor
- Dhaneti
- Sinugra
- Bhojay
- Pantiya
- Khedoi
- Lovariya
- Chandiya
- Chandroda
- Mindiyana
- Ratnal
- Hajapar
- Kukma
- Shinai
- Adipur
- Gandhidham
- Anjar
- Kandla
- Mandvi
- Mundra
- Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhuj
- 2001 Gujarat earthquake
Administrative Legends[link]
| Preceded by Devraj gadhvi |
City Municipality Head 2009 – 2010 |
Succeeded by Narendra thacker |
References[link]
- ^ a b "Census of India" (aspx). Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2007-06-26. http://censusindia.gov.in/Population_Finder/View_Village_Population.aspx?pcaid=6603&category=U.A.. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
- ^ Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University
- ^ http://kskvku.digitaluniversity.ac/Content.aspx?ID=7
- ^ "Bhuj Climate". http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=43624&units=metri. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ LOVE ACROSS THE SALT DESERT; by Keki N. Daruwalla. Pdf of full story posted at Boston University at [1]. Hindi connection - J. P. Dutta's "Refugee" is said to be inspired by this story; learnhub, University of Dundee
- ^ (iii) Supplementary Reader; Selected Pieces of General English for Class XII; English General - Class XII; Curriculum and Syllabus for Classes XI & XII; NCERT. Also posted at [2] / [3], [4]
- ^ Google Books Preview: "The spirit of Lagaan - The extraordinary story of the creators of a classic"; by Satyajit Bhatkal; Published by Popular Prakshan Pvt. Ltd.; ISBN 81-7991-003-2 (3749)
^http://india.gov.in/govt/publications/march08/bhuj.php
External links[link]
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For other uses, see Swaminarayan (disambiguation).
| Swaminarayan | |
|---|---|
 Swaminarayan under a Neem tree in Gadhada |
|
| Born | 3 April 1781[1] Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Died | 1 June 1830 Gadhada, Gujarat, India |
| Birth name | Ghanshyam Pande |
| Titles/honours | Venerated as an Avatar of Narayana, from the Nara Narayana deity pair or an avatar of Purushottama Narayana - the Supreme Being, in the Swaminarayan Faith |
| Founder of | Swaminarayan Sampraday |
| Sect associated | Vaishnavism |
| Guru | Ramanand Swami |
Swaminarayan (Gujarati: સ્વામિનારાયણ, Devanagari: स्वामीनारायण, IAST: Svāmīnārāyaṇa) (3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as Sahajanand Swami, is the central figure in a modern sect of Hinduism known as the Swaminarayan Faith, a form of Vaishnavism.[2] Within the faith, Swaminarayan is equated with the Supreme Being, Purushottama, or is venerated as an incarnation of Narayana from the Nara-Narayana deity pair.
Swaminarayan was born Ghanshyam Pande in Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1781. In 1792, he began a seven year pilgrimage across India, adopting the name Nilkanth Varni. He settled in the state of Gujarat around 1799. In 1800, he was initiated into the Uddhav Sampraday by his guru, Ramanand Swami, and was given the name Sahajanand Swami. In 1802, his guru handed over the leadership of the Uddhav Sampraday to him before his death. Sahajanand Swami held a gathering and taught the Swaminarayan mantra. From this point onwards, he was known as Swaminarayan and regarded as an incarnation of God by his followers. The Uddhav Sampraday became known as the Swaminarayan Sampraday.
Swaminarayan developed a good relationship with the British Imperial Government. He had followers not only from Hindu denominations, but also from Islam and Zoroastrianism. He built six temples in his lifetime and appointed 500 paramhansas to spread his philosophy. In 1826, Swaminarayan wrote the Shikshapatri, a book of social principles. He died on 1 June 1830 and was cremated according to Hindu rites in Gadhada, Gujarat. Before his death, Swaminarayan appointed his nephews as acharyas to head the two dioceses of Swaminarayan Sampraday.
Swaminarayan is also remembered within the faith for undertaking reforms for women and the poor, performing yagnas or fire sacrifices on a large scale as well as performing miracles. He has, however, been criticised by religious leaders such as Swami Dayananda who questioned the acceptance of Swaminarayan as God. Swaminarayan had an estimated 1.8 million followers when he died. Currently, his following is estimated between 5 and 20 million.
Contents |
Childhood as Ghanshyam[link]
Swaminarayan was born on 3 April 1781 (Chaitra Sud 9, Samvat 1837) in Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, a village near Ayodhya, in a Hindi speaking region in India.[1] Born in the Brahmin or priest caste of Sarvariya, Swaminarayan was named Ghanshyam Pande by his parents, Hariprasad Pande (father, also known as Dharmadev) and Premvati Pande (mother, also known as Bhaktimata and Murtidevi).[1] The birth of Swaminarayan coincided with the Hindu festival of Rama Navami, celebrating the birth of Rama. The ninth lunar day in the fortnight of waxing moon in the Hindu month of Chaitra (March–April), is celebrated as both Rama Navami and Swaminarayan Jayanti by Swaminarayan followers. This celebration also marks the beginning of a ritual calendar for the followers.[3] Swaminarayan had an elder brother, Rampratap Pande, and a younger brother, Ichcharam Pande.[4] He is said to have mastered Hindu scriptures including the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Puranas, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharata by the age of seven.[5]
Travels as Nilkanth Varni[link]
After the death of his parents, Ghanshyam Pande left his home on 29 June 1792 (Ashadh Sud 10, Samvat 1849) at the age of 11.[6] He took the name Nilkanth Varni while on his journey. Nilkanth Varni travelled across India and parts of Nepal in search of an ashram, or hermitage, that practised what he considered a correct understanding of Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, and Pancaratra, the four primary schools of Hindu philosophy.[7] To find such an ashram, Nilkanth Varni asked the following five questions on the basic Vaishnava Vedanta categories:[8]
- What is Jiva?
- What is Ishvara?
- What is Maya?
- What is Brahman?
- What is Para Brahman?
While on his journey, Nilkanth Varni mastered Astanga yoga (eightfold yoga) in a span of 9 months under the guidance of an aged yogic master named Gopal Yogi.[9] In Nepal, it is said that he met King Rana Bahadur Shah and cured him of his stomach illness. As a result, the king freed all the ascetics he had imprisoned.[10] Nilkanth Varni visited the Jagannath Temple in Puri as well as temples in Badrinath, Rameshwaram, Nashik, Dwarka and Pandharpur.[6]
In 1799, after a seven year journey, Nilkanth's travels as a yogi eventually concluded in Loj, a village in the Junagadh district of Gujarat. In Loj, Nilkanth Varni met Muktanand Swami, a senior disciple of Ramanand Swami. Muktanand Swami, who was twenty-two years older than Nilkanth, answered the five questions to Nilkanth's satisfaction.[11] Nilkanth decided to stay for the opportunity to meet Ramanand Swami, whom he met a few months after his arrival in Gujarat.[12]
Leadership as Sahajanand Swami[link]
See also: Swaminarayan mantra
According to the sect, Nilkanth's understanding of the metaphysical and epistemological concepts of the pancha-tattvas (five eternal elements), together with his mental and physical discipline, inspired senior sadhus of Ramanand Swami.[13]
Nilkanth Varni received sannyasa initiation from Ramanand Swami on 20 October 1800, and with it was granted the names Sahajanand Swami and Narayan Muni to signify his new status.[14]
At the age of 21, Sahajanand Swami was appointed successor to Ramanand Swami as the leader of the Uddhav Sampraday[14] by Ramanand Swami, prior to his death. The Uddhav Sampraday henceforth came to be known as the Swaminarayan Sampraday.[15] According to sources he proclaimed the worship of one sole deity, Krishna or Narayana.[16] Krishna was considered by him his own ista devata. In contrast with the Vaishnava sect known as the Radha-vallabha Sampradaya,[17] he had a more puritanical approach, rather than the theological views of Krishna that are strongly capricious in character and imagery. While being a worshipper of Krishna, Swaminarayan rejected licentious elements in Krishnology in favor of worship in the mood of majesty, alike to earlier Vaisnava teachers, Ramanuja and Yamunacarya.[18]
Sahajanand Swami was later known as Swaminarayan after the mantra he taught at a gathering, in Faneni, a fortnight after the death of Ramanand Swami.[19] He gave his followers a new mantra, known as the Swaminarayan mantra, to repeat in their rituals: Swaminarayan.[14] When chanting this mantra, some devotees went into samadhi (a form of meditation)[15][n 1] This act is also called maha-samadhi ("great samadhi") and claimed that they could see their personal gods, even though they had no knowledge of Astanga Yoga.[9][20][21] Swaminarayan also became known by the names Ghanshyam Maharaj, Shreeji Maharaj, Hari Krishna Maharaj and Shri Hari. As early as 1804, Swaminarayan, who was reported to have performed miracles, was described as a manifestation of God in the first work written by a disciple, Nishkulanand Swami.[14][22] This work, the Yama Danda, was the first piece of literature written within the Swaminarayan sect.[23]
Swaminarayan encouraged his followers to combine devotion and dharma to lead a pious life. Using Hindu texts and rituals to form the base of his organisation, Swaminarayan founded what in later centuries would become a global organisation with strong Gujarati roots.[24] He was particularly strict on the separation of sexes in temples.[25] Swaminarayan was against the consumption of meat, alcohol or drugs, adultery, suicide, animal sacrifices, criminal activities and the appeasement of ghosts and tantric rituals.[2][26][27][28] Alcohol consumption was forbidden by him even for medicinal purposes.[29] Many of his followers took vows before becoming his disciple. He stated that four elements need to be conquered for ultimate salvation: dharma, bhakti (devotion), gnana (knowledge) and vairagya (detachment).[30] Doctrinally, Swaminarayan was close to eleventh century philosopher Ramanuja and was critical of Shankaracharya's concept of advaita, or monistic non-dualism. Swaminarayan's ontology maintained that the supreme being is not formless and that God always has a divine form.[31]
Reforms[link]
Reforms for women and the poor[link]
File:Swaminarayan charity.jpg
Swaminarayan distributing food among the needy
After assuming the leadership of the Sampraday, Swaminarayan worked to assist the poor by distributing food and drinking water.[32] He undertook several social service projects and opened almshouses for the poor. Swaminarayan organized food and water relief to people during times of drought.[33]
According to author Raymond Brady Williams, "Swaminarayan is an early representative of the practice of advocacy of women's rights without personal involvement with women".[34] To counter the practice of sati (self-immolation by a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre), Swaminarayan argued that, as human life was given by God it could be taken only by God, and that sati had no Vedic sanction. He went to the extent to call sati nothing but suicide. Swaminarayan offered parents help with dowry expenses to discourage female infanticide, calling infanticide a sin.[35][36]
At that time, influential and wealthy individuals educated their girls through private and personal tuition. Male followers of Swaminarayan made arrangements to educate their female family members. The literacy rate among females began to increase, and they were able to give discourses on spiritual subjects. Within the faith, Swaminarayan is considered a pioneer of education of females in India.[35][36][37][38][39]
Animal Sacrifices and Yagnas[link]
Swaminarayan was against animal sacrifices as carried out by Brahmin priests during Vedic rituals, such as yajnas (fire sacrifices), influenced by the Kaula and Vama Marg cults.[40] The priests consumed "sanctified" prasad in the form of meat of these animals. To solve this problem, Swaminarayan conducted several large scale yajnas involving priests from Varanasi. These did not have animal sacrifices and were conducted in strict accordance with Vedic scriptures. Swaminarayan was successful in reinstating ahimsa through several such large scale yajnas. Swaminarayan stressed lacto vegetarianism among his followers and forbade meat consumption.[29][39][41][42]
Disciples of Swaminarayan composed devotional poems which are widely sung by the tradition during festivals.[43][44] Swaminarayan introduced fasting and devotion among followers.[45] He conducted the festivals of Vasant Panchami, Holi, and Janmashtami with organization of the traditional folk dance raas.[9]
Caste system and moksha[link]
Some suggest that Swaminarayan worked towards ending the caste system, allowing everyone into the Swaminarayan Sampraday. However partaking in the consumption food of lower castes and caste pollution was not supported by him.[29] A political officer in Gujarat, Mr. Williamson reported to Bishop Herber that Swaminarayan had "Destroyed the yoke of caste."[34] He instructed his paramhansas to collect alms from all sections of society and appointed people from the lower strata of society as his personal attendants. He ate along with lower castes. Members of the lower castes were attracted to the movement as it improved their social status.[2][39] It is said that Swaminarayan dispelled the myth that moksha (liberation) was not attainable by everyone.[46] He taught that the soul is neither male nor female and that everyone was equal in the eyes of God.[2][47]
Temples and ascetics[link]
File:Shreeji Maharaj.jpg
Swaminarayan and Paramhansas in Gadhada
Main articles: List of Swaminarayan temples and Swaminarayan ascetics
Swaminarayan ordered the construction of several Hindu temples and installed the images of various deities such as Nara-Narayana, Laxminarayan, Radha Krishna, Radha Ramana and Revati-Baldevji. The images in the temples built by Swaminarayan provide evidence of the priority of Krishna.[48][49]
The first temple Swaminarayan constructed was in Ahmedabad in 1822, with the land for construction gifted by the British Imperial Government.[50][51] Following a request of devotees from Bhuj, Swaminarayan asked his follower Vaishnavananand Swami to build a temple there. Following planning, construction commenced in 1822, and the temple was built within a year.[50] A temple in Vadtal followed in 1824,[50] a temple in Dholera in 1826,[50] a temple in Junagadh in 1828[50] and a temple in Gadhada, also in 1828.[50] By the time of his death, Swaminarayan had also ordered construction of temples in Muli, Dholka and Jetalpur.[52]
From early on, ascetics have played a major role in the Swaminarayan faith. They contribute towards growth and development of the movement, encouraging people to follow a pious and religious life.[53] Tradition maintains that Swaminarayan initiated 500 ascetics as paramhansas in a single night. Paramhansa is a title of honor sometimes applied to Hindu spiritual teachers who are regarded as having attained enlightenment. Paramhansas were the highest order of sannyasi in the sect.[54] Prominent paramhansas initiated by Swaminarayan include Muktanand Swami, Gunatitanand Swami, Gopalanand Swami, Brahmanand Swami, Premanand Swami, Nishkulanand Swami, and Nityanand Swami.[55]
Texts[link]
Swaminarayan propagated general Hindu texts.[24] He held the Bhagavata Purana in high authority.[56] However, there are many texts that were written by Swaminarayan or his followers that are regarded as shastras or scriptures within the Swaminarayan faith. Notable scriptures throughout the sect include the Shikshapatri and the Vachanamrut. Other important works and scriptures include the Satsangi Jeevan, Swaminarayan's authorized biography, the Muktanand Kavya, the Nishkulanand Kavya and the Bhakta Chintamani.[57]
Shikshapatri[link]
Main article: Shikshapatri
Swaminarayan wrote the Shikshapatri on 11 February 1826.[58] While the original Sanskrit manuscript is not available, it was translated into Gujarati by Nityanand Swami under the direction of Swaminarayan and is revered in the sect.[29] The Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency summarised it as a book of social laws that his followers should follow.[59] A commentary on the practice and understanding of dharma, it is a small booklet containing 212 Sanskrit verses, outlining the basic tenets that Swaminarayan believed his followers should uphold in order to live a well-disciplined and moral life.[57]
Vachanamrut[link]
Main article: Vachanamrut
Swaminarayan's philosophical, social and practical teachings are contained in the Vachanamrut, a collection of dialogues recorded by five followers from his spoken words. The Vachanamrut is the scripture most commonly used in the Swaminarayan sect. It contains views on dharma (moral conduct), jnana (understanding of the nature of the self), vairagya (detachment from material pleasure), and bhakti (pure, selfless devotion to God), the four essentials Hindu scriptures describe as necessary for a jiva (soul) to attain moksha (salvation).[60]
Relations with other religions and the British Government[link]
Swaminarayan strived to maintain good relationships with people of other religions, sometimes meeting prominent leaders. His followers cut across religious boundaries, including people of Muslim and Parsi backgrounds.[9][61] Swaminarayan's personal attendants included Khoja Muslims.[9] In Kathiawad, many Muslims wore kanthi necklaces given by Swaminarayan.[62] He also had a meeting with Reginald Heber, Lord Bishop of Calcutta and a leader of Christians in India at the time.[48] Bishop Heber mentions in his account of the meeting that about two hundred disciples of Swaminarayan accompanied him as his bodyguards mounted on horses carried Matchlocks and swords. Bishop Heber himself had about a hundred horse guards accompanying him (fifty horses and fifty muskets) and mentioned that it was humiliating for him to see two religious leaders meeting at the head of two small armies, his being the smaller contingent.[63][64] As a result of the meeting, both leaders gained mutual respect for one another.[64]
Swaminarayan enjoyed a good relationship with the British Imperial Government. The first temple he built, in Ahmedabad, was built on 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land gifted by the government. The British officers gave it a 101 gun salute when it was opened.[51][52] It was in an 1825 meeting with Reginald Heber that Swaminarayan is said to have intimated that he was a manifestation of God Supreme.[48] In 1830, Swaminarayan had a meeting with Sir John Malcolm, Governor of Bombay (1827 to 1830). According to Malcolm, Swaminarayan had helped bring some stability to a lawless region.[65] During the meeting with Malcolm, Swaminarayan gifted him a copy of the Shikshapatri. This copy of the Shikshapatri is currently housed at the Bodleian Library at University of Oxford.[66] Swaminarayan also encouraged the British Governor James Walker to implement strong measures to stop the practice of sati.
Death and succession[link]
Further information: Swaminarayan Faith
In 1830, Swaminarayan gathered his followers and announced his departure. He later died on 1 June 1830 (Jeth sud 10, Samvat 1886),[52] and it is believed by followers that, at the time of his death, Swaminarayan left Earth for Akshardham, his abode.[9][67] He was cremated according to Hindu rites at Lakshmi Wadi in Gadhada.[68]
Prior to his death, Swaminarayan decided to establish a line of acharyas or preceptors, as his successors.[69] He established two gadis (seats of leadership). One seat was established at Ahmedabad (Nar Narayan Dev Gadi) and the other one at Vadtal (Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi) on November 21, 1825. Swaminarayan appointed an acharya to each of these gadis to pass on his message to others and to preserve his fellowship, the Swaminarayan Sampraday. These acharyas came from his immediate family. He formally adopted a son from his brothers and appointed them to the office of acharya. Ayodhyaprasad, the son of Swaminarayan's elder brother Rampratap and Raghuvira, the son of his younger brother Ichcharam, were appointed acharyas of the Ahmedabad Gadi and the Vadtal Gadi respectively.[70] Swaminarayan decreed that the office should be hereditary so that acharyas would maintain a direct line of blood descent from his family.[71] The administrative division of his followers into two territorial dioceses is set forth in minute detail in a document written by Swaminarayan called Desh Vibhaag Lekh.[8] The current acharyas of the Swaminarayan Sampraday are Acharya Shree Koshalendraprasad Pande, of the Ahmedabad Gadi, and Acharya Shree Rakeshprasad Pande, of the Vadtal Gadi.[72][73]
Decades after his death, several divisions occurred with different understandings of succession. This included the establishment of Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS), the founder of which left the Vadtal Gadi in 1905, and Maninagar Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan, the founder of which left the Ahmedabad Gadi in the 1940s. The followers of BAPS hold Gunatitanand Swami as the spiritual successor to Swaminarayan, asserting that on several occasions Swaminarayan revealed to devotees that Gunatitanand Swami was Aksharbrahm manifest. Followers of BAPS believe that the acharyas were given administrative leadership of the faith while Gunatitanand Swami was given spiritual leadership by Swaminarayan.[74] The current leader of BAPS is Shastri Narayanswarupdas. The followers of the Maninagar Swaminarayan Gadi Sansthan hold Gopalanand Swami as the successor to Swaminarayan.[75][76]
Following and manifestation belief[link]
According to the biographer Raymond Williams, when Swaminarayan died, he had a following of 1.8 million people. In 2001, Swaminarayan centres existed on four continents, and the congregation was recorded to be five million, the majority in the homeland of Gujarat.[77][78][79] The newspaper Indian Express estimated members of the Swaminarayan faith to number over 20 million (2 crore) worldwide in 2007.[80]
In his discourses recorded in the Vachanamrut, Swaminarayan mentions that humans would not be able to withstand meeting god in his divine form, hence God takes human form (simultaneously living in his abode) so people can approach, understand and love him in the form of an Avatar.[30] While no detailed statistical information is available, most of the followers of Swaminarayan share a belief that Swaminarayan is the complete manifestation of Narayana or Purushottam Narayana - the Supreme Being and superior to other avatars.[14] A Swaminarayan sectarian legend tells how Narayana from the Nara Narayana pair, was cursed by sage Durvasa to incarnate on the Earth as Swaminarayan.[81]
Some of Swaminarayan's followers believe he was an incarnation of god Krishna.[30] The images and stories of Swaminarayan and Krishna have coincided in the liturgy of the sect. The story of the birth of Swaminarayan parallels that of Krishna's birth from the scripture Bhagavata Purana.[14] Swaminarayan himself is said to have intimated that he was a manifestation of God in a meeting with Reginald Heber, the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, in 1825.[48]
Notes and references[link]
- Notes
- ^ The word samadhi has different meanings in Hinduism. It may refer to a form yogic deep meditation. As a cause of death, it refers to the act of consciously and intentionally leaving one's body at the time of death.[15]
- References
- ^ a b c Williams 2001, p. 13
- ^ a b c d Rohit Barrot (1987). Richard Burghart. ed. Caste and sect in Swaminaran Movement. Hinduism in Great Britain. Routledge. pp. 67–70. ISBN 978-0-422-60910-4. http://books.google.com/?id=nUsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA67. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 141
- ^ Makarand R. Paranjape (2005). Dharma and development: the future of survival. Samvad India. p. 111. ISBN 978-81-901318-3-4. http://books.google.com/?id=SorXAAAAMAAJ&dq=&q=#search_anchor. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ M. Gupta (2004). Let's Know Hindu Gods and Goddesses. Star Publications. p. 33. ISBN 978-81-7650-091-3. http://books.google.com/?id=uscjONr3_MUC&pg=PT26&dq=poor+sahajanand+swami. Retrieved May 15, 2009.
- ^ a b "Sampradat history: Nilkanth Varni". Harrow, England: Shree Kutch Satsang Swaminarayan Temple. http://www.sksst.org/sampraday/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 15
- ^ a b Williams 2001, p. 36
- ^ a b c d e f Dinkar Joshi, Yogesh Patel (2005). Glimpses of Indian Culture. Star Publications. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-81-7650-190-3. http://books.google.com/?id=-fw-0iBvmMAC&pg=PA93&dq=satsangi+jivan. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Gujarat (India) (1969). Gujarat State Gazetteers: Bhavnagar. Directorate of Govt. Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State. p. 577. http://books.google.com/?id=ySkbAAAAIAAJ&q=nepal+king+swaminarayan&dq=nepal+king+swaminarayan. Retrieved May 15, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 75
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 16, 17
- ^ "Bhagwan Swaminarayan: Life". Shri Swaminarayan Mandir - Somerset, NJ (Vadtaldham). http://www.vadtaldhamnj.info/My_Final_Webdesign/PDF%27s/Articles/Bhagwan%20Swaminarayan.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-06. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f Williams 2001, p. 17
- ^ a b c Williams 2001, p. 240
- ^ Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. 1. Asian Educational Services,India. 1995. p. 326. ISBN 81-206-0833-X. http://books.google.com/?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA326&dq=%22Krishna%22++%22Swami+Narayan%22#v=onepage&q=%22Krishna%22%20%20%22Swami%20Narayan%22&f=false.
- ^ Guy Beck has studied and published a detail study of it in (2005) Alternative Krishnas: Regional And Vernacular Variations On A Hindu Deity SUNY Press
- ^ Aldwinckle, Russell Foster (1976). More than man: a study in christology. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans. p. 223. ISBN 0-8028-3456-6. http://books.google.com/books?ei=ikV4TPDtE9GAOLWl1JEF.
- ^ Anil Kumar Sarkar (1997). Yoga, mathematics, and computer sciences: in change confronting the dawn of the twenty-first century. South Asian Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 81-7003-204-0. http://books.google.com/?id=NNXWAAAAMAAJ&q=&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Kirin Narayan (1992). Storytellers, Saints and Scoundrels. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. p. 141. ISBN 81-208-1002-3. http://books.google.com/?id=rmfR4nQvbSsC&pg=PA141&dq=sahajanand+samadhi. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 21
- ^ Takashi Shinoda (2002). The other Gujarat. Popular Prakashan. p. 9. ISBN 81-7154-874-1. http://books.google.com/?id=KZNfS7mikMoC&dq=. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 17, 76, 189
- ^ a b Cybelle Shattuck, Nancy D. Lewis (2003). The pocket idiot's guide to Hinduism. Alpha Books. pp. 163–165. ISBN 0-02-864482-4. http://books.google.com/?id=73DZBQLjgn0C&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Robert Vane Russell (2009) [1916]. The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. BiblioBazaar. p. 404. ISBN 0-559-11371-4. http://books.google.com/?id=AHIk_afStI0C&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 162
- ^ David Gordon White (2001). Tantra in practice. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.. p. 269. ISBN 81-208-1778-8. http://books.google.com/?id=hayV4o50eUEC&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 77, 165
- ^ a b c d S Golwalkar (1997). "Swaminarayan , Pramod Mahajan , Bal Thackeray". In M. G. Chitkara. Hindutva. APH Pub. Corp. pp. 227–228. ISBN 81-7024-798-5.
- ^ a b c Carl Olson (2007). The many colors of Hinduism: a thematic-historical introduction. Rutgers University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-8135-4068-2. http://books.google.com/?id=RVWKClYq4TUC&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 79
- ^ "Times Music cassette on Swaminarayan serial launched". Times of India. 2006-01-19. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1742150037.cms. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
- ^ "Food and Water for the Needy". Shree Swaminarayan Temple: Sansthan Vadtal. http://www.vadtal.com/lord-swaminarayan.html#9. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ a b Williams 2001, p. 169
- ^ a b Williams 2001, pp. 165, 167
- ^ a b Martha Craven Nussbaum (2007). The clash within. Harvard University Press. pp. 322, 323. ISBN 978-0-674-02482-3. http://books.google.com/?id=JLMQh4oc38gC&dq=swaminarayan+malcolm+law. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ^ "education of females". Shree Swaminarayan Temple: Sansthan Vadtal. http://vadtal.com/lord-swaminarayan.html#12. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ "Swaminarayan's Life - Biography: Uplift of Women". www.swaminarayan.org. http://www.swaminarayan.org/lordswaminarayan/biography/4.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ a b c M M Rahman (2006). Encyclopaedia of Historiography. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. pp. 145, 146. ISBN 978-81-261-2305-6. http://books.google.com/?id=RZCv3d2XUeUC&dq=. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
- ^ Christopher John Fuller (2004). The camphor flame. Princeton University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-691-12048-5. http://books.google.com/?id=To6XSeBUW3oC&pg=PA171&dq=incarnation+of+swaminarayan. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 24, 159
- ^ Prema A. Kurien (2007). A place at the multicultural table: the development of an American Hinduism. Rutgers University Press. pp. 105. ISBN 978-0-8135-4056-6. http://books.google.com/?id=ONMxZc5_saYC&pg=PA105. Retrieved May 8, 2009. Page 105
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 189
- ^ Mohan Lal (1992). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 4255. ISBN 81-260-1221-8. http://books.google.com/?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C.
- ^ Williams 2004, p. 162
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 162
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 57, 77
- ^ a b c d Raymond Brady Williams (2004). Williams on South Asian religions and immigration. ISBN 978-0-7546-3856-8. http://books.google.com/?id=nkVBOfE1KkAC&dq=swaminarayan+mandir+bhuj. Retrieved May 7, 2009. Page 81
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 96
- ^ a b c d e f "Swaminarayan temples". Shri Swaminarayan Temple (ISSO OF CHICAGO). http://www.shriswaminarayan.org/Temples.php. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ a b "The foundations of devotion". Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, Financial Times. 2003-03-04. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22598178_ITM. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
- ^ a b c Williams 2001, p. 29
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 107
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 22
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 187, 189
- ^ Julius Lipner (1998). Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. pp. 124. ISBN 978-0-415-05182-8. http://books.google.com/?id=I5iVWq7WJ5gC&dq=. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ a b Williams 2001, pp. 187–190
- ^ "Shikshapatri". BAPS Swamiranayan Sanstha. http://www.swaminarayan.org/scriptures/shikshapatri/index.htm. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ M. G. Chitkara (1997). Hindutva. APH. p. 230. ISBN 978-81-7024-798-2. http://books.google.com/?id=zqkBNr4U7cwC&printsec=copyright&dq=swaminarayan+ahmedabad. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ^ K. Ayyappapanicker, Sahitya Akademi (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. 1. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 130–131. ISBN 81-260-0365-0. http://books.google.com/?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=RA1-PA132&dq=vachanamrut. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ J. J. Roy Burman (2005). Gujarat Unknown. Mittal Publications. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-8324-052-9. http://books.google.com/?id=VemsIky3QzEC. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
- ^ Behramji Merwanji Malabari, Krishnalal M. Jhaveri, Malabari M. B (1997). Gujarat and the Gujaratis. Asian Educational Services. pp. 263–269. ISBN 81-206-0651-5. http://books.google.com/?id=Lyd8jPbN218C&dq=muktanand+swami. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ R.V. Russell, R.B.H. Lai (1916). Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. Asian Educational Services. pp. 328, 329. ISBN 978-81-206-0833-7. http://books.google.com/?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&printsec=copyright&dq=swami+meeting+with+heber. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ a b Williams 2001, p. 69
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 7
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 57
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 93
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 34–36
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 34
- ^ Williams 2001, pp. 35–37
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 35
- ^ "Narnarayan Devgadi DevGadi Acharyas". Ahmedabad Gadi Official site. 2008. http://www.swaminarayan.info/AcharyaShri.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-14. [dead link]
- ^ "Vadtal Acharyas". Vadtal Gadi Official site. 2007. http://www.vadtal.com/our-acharyas.html. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
- ^ "Swaminarayan". http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/hindu/devot/swamin.html. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
- ^ The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. 2004. p. 172. ISBN 0-691-12048-X.
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 52
- ^ Williams 2001, p. 68
- ^ Rinehart, Robin (2004). Contemporary Hinduism. ABC-CLIO. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-57607-905-8. http://books.google.com/?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PP1&dq=Contemporary+Hinduism. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
- ^ Marcus J. Banks (1985). Review: A New Face of Hinduism: The Swaminarayan Religion. By Raymond Brady Williams. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1984. Pp. xiv, 217. Modern Asian Studies 19 pp 872-874
- ^ "Niche Faiths". Indian Express. 2007-05-26. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/niche-faiths/31939/4. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ "Bhagwan Swaminarayan Introduction: Badrikashram Sabha". Ahmedabad Gadi Official site. 2008. http://www.swaminarayan.info/Detail.aspx?ID=JgBJAEQAPQAxADUA-fvGNVxmMIs0%3d. Retrieved 2009-09-14. [dead link]
Sources[link]
- Williams, Raymond (2001). Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-65422-7. http://books.google.com/?id=tPkexi2EhAIC&printsec=frontcover
- Williams, Raymond (2004). Williams on South Asian Religions and Immigration: Collected Works. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.. ISBN 0-7546-3856-1. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0754638561/
- Dermott Killingley (2003). "Hinduism". In Ridgeon, Lloyd V. J.. Major world religions: from their origins to the present. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-29796-6.
External links[link]
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- "Life Biography of Bhagwan Swaminarayan : Shree Swaminarayan Gurukul, Rajkot". http://www.gurukulworld.org/rajkot/swaminarayan/life.asp?Page=0.
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| Narendra Modi નરેન્દ્ર મોદી |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Chief Minister of Gujarat | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 7 October 2001 |
|
| Governor | Dr. Kamla Beniwal |
| Preceded by | Keshubhai Patel |
| Constituency | Maninagar |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-09-17) 17 September 1950 (age 61) Vadnagar, Gujarat, India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Residence | Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India |
| Alma mater | Gujarat University[1] |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Website | Narendra Modi |
| As of 9 March, 2009 Source: Government of Gujarat |
|
Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: નરેન્દ્ર મોદી; born 17 September 1950[1]) is the current Chief Minister of the Indian state of Gujarat. Born in a middle class family in Vadnagar, he was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi and his wife Heeraben.[2] He has been a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since childhood also having interest in politics since adolescence. He holds a master's degree in political science. In 1998, he was chosen by L. K. Advani, the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), to direct the election campaign in Gujarat as well as Himachal Pradesh.
He became Chief Minister of Gujarat in October 2001, promoted to the office at a time when his predecessor Keshubhai Patel had resigned, following the defeat of BJP in the by-elections. His tenure as chief minister of Gujarat began on 7 October 2001, and he is the longest serving Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat.[3] In July 2007 he became the longest serving Chief Minister in Gujarat's history when he had been in power for 2063 days continuously.[4] He was elected again for a third term[5] on 23 December 2007 in the state elections, which he had cast as a "referendum on his rule".[6][7]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Modi was born in a middle class family in Vadnagar in Mehsana district of what was then Bombay State, India.[8] During the Indo-Pak war in the mid sixties, even as a young boy, he volunteered to serve the soldiers in transit at railway stations.[9] As a young man, he joined the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, a student organisation and was involved in the anti-corruption Nav Nirmāṇ ("Reconstruction") Movement. After working as a full time organiser for the organisation, he was later nominated as its representative in the Bharatiya Janata Party.[10] As a teenager Modi used to run a tea stall with his brother.[11] Modi completed his schooling in Vadnagar. He earned a masters degree in political science from Gujarat University.[12]
Early activism and politics[link]
Modi was a pracharak (campaigner) in the RSS during his university years.[12][13] He took up the challenging task of energising the party cadres in right earnest. In partnership with Shankersinh Vaghela, Modi set about creating a strong cadre base in Gujarat. In the initial period, Vaghela was seen as a mass leader, while Modi was recognised as a master strategist.
The party started gaining political mileage and formed a coalition government at the centre in April 1990. This partnership fell apart within a few months, but the BJP came to power with a two-thirds majority on its own in Gujarat in 1995. During this period, Modi was entrusted with the responsibility of organising two crucial national events, the Somnath to Ayodhya Rath Yatra (a political rally through India on a converted Toyota van) of L.K. Advani and a similar march from Kanyakumari (the southernmost part of India) to Kashmir in the North. After the exit of Shankarsingh Vaghela from the BJP, Keshubhai Patel was made Chief Minister while Narendra Modi was sent to New Delhi as a General Secretary of the Party.
In 1995, Modi was appointed the National Secretary of the party and given the charge of five major states in India. In 1998, he was promoted as the General Secretary (Organization), a post he held until October 2001. In 2001, Narendra Modi was chosen by the party to be the Chief Minister of Gujarat after the removal of chief minister Keshubhai Patel.
Tenure as Chief Minister of Gujarat[link]
Personality[link]
Modi is known for leading a frugal lifestyle. He has a personal staff of just three. He is known to be a workaholic Chief Minister and an introvert.[14] He ordered the demolition of many Hindu temples that were built without proper government sanction which earned him the ire of VHP[11] He is a crowd puller as a speaker. Modi has also tried to turn his image from an Hindu Nationalist politician to an image of able administrator. He wears business suits and is improving his command over the English language.[15]
Awards and recognitions[link]
Modi was awarded Gujarat Ratna by Shri Poona Gujarati Bandhu Samaj at Ganesh Kala Krida Manch on celebration of centenary year.[16]
Development of Gujarat[link]
As a Chief Minister, Modi started various 'yojanas' or plans. This includes:
- Panchamrut Yojana,[17][18][19] a five-pronged strategy for an integrated development of the state,
- Sujalam Sufalam, a scheme to create a grid of water resources in Gujarat in an innovative step towards water conservation and its appropriate utilisation.
- Krishi Mahotsav – agricultural research labs for the land
- Chiranjeevi Yojana – To reduce infant mortality rate
- Matru Vandana – Providing preventive and curative services under the Reproductive and Child Health Programme
- Beti Bachao – Campaign against female infanticide to improve sex ratio
- Jyotigram Yojana – Provide electricity to every village
- Karmayogi Abhiyan – To educate and train government employees
- Kanya Kelavani Yojana – To encourage female literacy and education
- Balbhog Yojana – Midday meal scheme for students to encourage school attendance from poor backgrounds.[20]
Vibrant Gujarat[link]
Main article: Vibrant Gujarat
Vibrant Gujarat is a biennial Global Investors' Summit held by the Government of Gujarat in Gujarat, India. The event is aimed at bringing together business leaders, investors, corporations, thought leaders, policy and opinion makers; the summit is advertised as a platform to understand and explore business opportunities in the State of Gujarat. the event has been held continuously since 2003.
Gujarat earthquake[link]
Main article: 2001 Gujarat Earthquake
The biggest challenge which he had to face when he took over as the Chief Minister, was the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the areas affected by the massive Gujarat Earthquake of January 2001.
Gujarat violence[link]
Main article: 2002 Gujarat violence
On 27 February 2002, a train was burned by a Muslim mob in the town of Godhra leading to 59 deaths, most of them Hindu pilgrims and activists returning from the holy city of Ayodhya.[21] Riots broke out in the state after it was suspected to be caused by Muslims, leading to 1180 deaths, many of them Muslims. Modi administration was accused of inaction over the riots and for encouraging them.[15] As an aftermath of the riots, there were calls for Modi to resign from his position as chief minister of Gujarat. The opposition parties stalled the national parliament over the issue. Even Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and Telugu Desam Party (TDP), allies of the BJP, asked for Modi's resignation.[22][23] Modi submitted his resignation to the Governor and recommended the dissolution of the 10th Gujarat Legislative Assembly.[24][25] In the following state re-elections the BJP, led by Modi, won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.
In April 2009, the Supreme Court of India appointed a special team of investigators to look into the role Modi had played in the alleged anti-Muslim conspiracy.[15] The team was appointed in response to the complaint of zakia Jafri, the widow of ex-Congress MP Ehsan Jafri, who was murdered in the riots.[26] In December 2010, a Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team (SIT) in its report to the Supreme Court seeking answers pertaining to the Ehsan Jafri case, submitted that they had found no evidence against Narendra Modi.[27]
However in February 2011, the Times of India reported that a confidential report from the SIT indicted Modi on several counts of alleged complicity in the Gujarat riots of 2002.[28] Most other sources have noted that the SIT report does not indict Modi for the riots due to lack of evidence.[29][30] The Indian Express too said the report did not find any Modi involvement in the violence, though it did accuse him of watering down the seriousness of the situation.[31] According to the Hindu, the report not only found that Modi tried to water down the seriousness of the situation, but Modi also implicitly justified the killings of Muslims, and failed to condemn the attacks on them.[32] The Bharatiya Janata Party demanded an investigation into the publication of the report, claiming the leak was politically motivated.[33]
The apex court refused to pass any order on the case and referred it to the Ahmedabad magistrate for a decision.[34] In April 2012, a Special Investigation Team found absolved Modi of any involvement in the Gulberg massacre, arguably the worst episode of the riots.[35]. On 7 May 2012, a Supreme Court-appointed amicus curiae, Raju Ramachandran observed that Modi can be prosecuted under sections 153 A (1) (a) & (b), 153 B (1), 166 and 505 (2) of the Indian Penal Code for promoting enmity among different groups during the 2002 Gujarat riots.[36]. However the amicus report has been criticised by the Special Investigation Team for relying heavily on the testimony of a perjurer[37].
2007 elections[link]
Modi made a speech at Mangrol in which he justified the alleged fake encounter of Sohrabuddin Sheikh, During the election campaign In response to Sonia Gandhi's speech calling him a "merchant of death",[38] and referred to Sohrabuddin's killing. For this speech the Election Commission of India, a constitutional body governing election proceedings in India, cautioned Modi as it considered it as indulging in an activity which may aggravate existing differences between different communities.[39] Modi won the election and continued his post as the Chief Minister Of Gujarat, he won with majority of votes of 122 seats out of 182 total assembly seats.[40]
Conflicts with Governor Kamla Beniwal[link]
On 25 August 2011 Gujarat Governor Kamla Beniwal appointed Justice R A Mehta to the post of Lokyukta of Gujarat, a critical anti-corruption post that had been lying vacant since 2003. Justice R A Mehta was recommended for the post by the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court in June. Since Governor Beniwal had made this decision without consulting and getting the approval of the chief minister and his council of ministers, the action angered Narendra Modi and his BJP party.[41]
This marked the beginning of a strained relationship between Modi and the Governor. On 25 September 2011, Narendra Modi accused the Governor of running a parallel government in the state supported by the Congress. He demanded that she be recalled back.[42] He also later accused her of delaying the progress of bills by not passing them.
The decision of the governor in the appointment of R A Mehta was challenged in the high court by the Modi government. The two member high court bench gave a split verdict on 10 October 2011. Later, a third member upheld the governor's decision in January 2012.[43]
Foreign visits[link]
As the Chief Minister of the Gujarat State, to attract foreign investment in the state, Narendra Modi has made visits to foreign countries, including China and Singapore.
Narendra Modi made his first China visit in 2007 to invite investors Vibrant Gujarat Global Investor Summit,[44] and second visit in November 2011. One month after the second visit to China, the Chinese Government released 13 Diamond traders from India jailed by the Shenzhen Customs, which the Chief Minister described as the consequece of his diplomatic efforts and statesmanship.[45]
In 2005 Narendra Modi was denied of diplomatic visa to the United States, in addition to this visa denial, he was also revoked from his already granted B-1/B-2 visa.[46]
Sadbhavna Mission[link]
In the late 2011-early 2012 Narandra Modi practised a series of fasts in the name of Sadbhavna Mission. The mission started on 17 September 2011 in Ahmedabad with 3 day fast with a view to strengthen the atmosphere of peace, unity and harmony in the state. He observed total 36 fasts in 26 districts, 8 cities including Ahmedabad.[47]
Views and opinions[link]
Modi's position on terrorism[link]
On 18 July 2006 Modi delivered a speech criticising Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislations" like the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the Centre to empower states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the blasts in Mumbai.[48] Quoting Modi:
| “ | Terrorism is worse than a war. A terrorist has no rules. A terrorist decides when, how, where and whom to kill. India has lost more people in terror attacks than in its wars.[48] | ” |
Narendra Modi has frequently commented that if the BJP came to power at the Centre, they will honour the 2004 Supreme Court judgement to hang Afzal Guru.[49] Afzal was convicted of terrorism in the 2001 Indian Parliament attack in 2004 by the Supreme Court of India and is in Tihar Jail.[50]
On account of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, on Thursday 27 November, Narendra Modi held a meeting to discuss waterfront security along the coastline.[51] The meeting decided to ask the Central government to urgently sanction the following:
- Increase the number of police stations along the coast to 50 (from 10)
- Increase the number of police to 1500 from 250
- 30 modern high-speed surveillance boats.
The 30 coastal boats, under construction at Goa's shipbuilding yard, will have the capacity to run at the speed of 25 nautical miles per hour. These are being manufactured under the Centre's Rs 58-crore grant for coastal security.[51]
Views on criticism of Modi's governance[link]
In 2003, when Narendra Modi was asked about the conflict of his dreams for Gujarat's future with international criticism of his past activities, Modi said,[52]
| “ | Yet, no one has asked this question to the USA after 9/11. Delhi is developing fast – no one has asked this question to Delhi after 1984. If it does not matter to Delhi and USA, why should it matter to Gujarat? | ” |
Modi's decision to link Gujarat's violence with the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the US drew criticism from some observers, who contrasted it with the then Deputy Prime Minister L K Advani's unpleasant apology for Gujarat in London a year ago.[52] Modi responded to this criticism by The Guardian,[52]
| “ | I have not read and I would not like to read. But thank you for people spending time on me | ” |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Narendra Modi – Biography". Moneycontrol. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090427085814/http://www.moneycontrol.com/biography/Narendra_Modi/550. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ Jose, Vinod. "The Emperor Uncrowned". Delhi Press. http://caravanmagazine.in/Story.aspx?Storyid=1315&StoryStyle=FullStory. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ^ "Narendra Modi". http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/Gujarat/loh.htm. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ Agencies. "Modi becomes longest serving CM of Gujarat". The Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=87512. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Modi begins new term in Gujarat". London: BBC News. 25 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7159756.stm. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ "Hindu Leader Begins 3rd Term in Gujarat". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=4049443. Retrieved 7 May 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Narendra Modi begins third innings as Gujarat CM". The Times of India. 25 December 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Modi_begins_third_innings_as_Gujarat_CM/articleshow/2650589.cms. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ Why fasting is no big deal for Narendra Modi, Rediff, 16 September 2011, accessed on 4 February 2012
- ^ Life and Career: An Overview Official Website
- ^ "Biography – Narendra Modi". http://www.narendramodi.org/bio.htm. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
- ^ a b On Race Course road? Times of India, 18 Sep 2011, 05.46 am IST
- ^ a b "Modi proves to be an astute strategist". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 23 December 2007. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200712231550.htm.
- ^ "Profile: Narendra Modi". BBC News. 23 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1958555.stm. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ The Hawk In Flight, Outlook India, 24 Dec 2007, http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?236315
- ^ a b c Sengupta, Somini (28 April 2009). "Shadows of Violence Cling to Indian Politician". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/29/world/asia/29india.html. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
- ^ "Narendra Modi to be presented 'Gujarat Ratna' today". The Times of India. 18 March 2012. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-18/pune/31207124_1_gujarati-community-centenary-year-kondhwa. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "Modi invites investment in Gujarat". Press Trust of India. Expressindia. 11 January 2003. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=18327. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ "Modi Steals The Show At Pravasi Divas". The Financial Express. 12 January 2003. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/modi-steals-the-show-at-pravasi-divas/67951/0. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ "With Panchamrut, Modi targets 10.2% Growth". The Financial Express. 9 June 2003. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/with-panchamrut-modi-targets-10.2-growth/81673/. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ Patel, Parbat. "Message By Hon. State Minister of Health and Family Welfare". http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/minister-parbatbhai-patel.htm. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Godhra train fire accidental: Report". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/jan/17godhra.htm. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Gujarat Cabinet puts off decision on elections". The Tribune (India). 2002. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020418/main1.htm. Retrieved 9 May 2006.
- ^ "Congress demands Modi's resignation over Bannerjee report". United News of India. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/03godhra.htm. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ "Modi resigns; seeks Assembly dissolution". The Hindu. 2002. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/07/20/stories/2002072002640100.htm. Retrieved 9 May 2006.
- ^ "Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi resigns; assembly dissolved". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/19guj.htm. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ Mahapatra, Dhananjay (31 July 2009). "SC rejects Modi govt's plea to stall SIT probes". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India/SC-not-to-stall-probe-on-02-riots/articleshow/4839947.cms. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
- ^ Mahapatra, Dhananjay (3 December 2010). "SIT clears Narendra Modi of wilfully allowing post-Godhra riots". The Times Of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SIT-clears-Narendra-Modi-of-wilfully-allowing-post-Godhra-riots/articleshow/7031569.cms#ixzz1721JAJuI.
- ^ "SIT findings ensure Narendra Modi can't shake off riot taint". The Times Of India. 4 February 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SIT-findings-ensure-Narendra-Modi-cant-shake-off-riot-taint/articleshow/7421365.cms.
- ^ "BJP demands probe into SIT report leak | Ahmedabad, World Snap News". News.worldsnap.com. http://news.worldsnap.com/india/bjp-demands-probe-into-sit-report-leak-100008.html. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ The rise and rise of tomorrow’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi Sunday Guardian – 7 November 2011
- ^ Narendra Modi not involved in Gujarat riots: SIT report Indian Express – 4 February 2011
- ^ Subrahmaniam, Vidya (4 February 2011). "SIT: Modi tried to dilute seriousness of riots situation". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1154007.ece.
- ^ BJP wants leak of SIT report investigated The Hindu – 5 February 2011
- ^ 'God is Great!' Tweets a Relieved Modi Outlook – 12 September 2011
- ^ It's official: Modi gets clean chit in Gulberg massacre Daily Pioneer – 10 April 2012
- ^ Proceed against Modi for Gujarat riots: amicus The Hindu - 7 May 2012
- ^ SIT rejects amicus curiae's observations against Modi Hindu -10 May 2012
- ^ Agencies (8 December 2007). "Sonia's 'merchants of death' was aimed at Modi: Cong". The Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Sonias-merchants-of-death-was-aimed-at-Modi-Cong/248175/. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Election Commission Official Notice to Mr.Narendra Modi" (PDF). http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/NOTICETO%20CM%20GUJARAT.pdf. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "BJP adds 5 seats in Gujarat Assembly by-polls". Deccan Herald. 14 September 2009. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/25090/banner-300x250.swf. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Delhi, New (2 September 2011). "Gujarat Lokayukta controversy hots up". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2418006.ece. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
- ^ Dasgupta, Manas (25 September 2011). "Beniwal helping Congress run parallel government in Gujarat, says Modi". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2484805.ece. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
- ^ "Lokayukta: Modi in apex court after HC upholds Guv decision". The Indian Express. 18 January 2012. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/lokayukta-modi-in-apex-court-after-hc-upholds-guv-decision/901067. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
- ^ Modi, Narendra. "Foreign Visits". narendramodi.in. http://www.narendramodi.in/pages/foreign-visits. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ "China frees 13 diamond traders, Narendra Modi pats his own back". Mumbai Mirror. http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article§id=3&contentid=201112082011120802471534470e816ce. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ Indiatimes, News Network (18 March 2005). "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-03-18/india/27866126_1_business-visa-gujarat-riots-immigration-and-nationality-act. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ "CM thanks people of Gujarat for giving huge support to Sadbhavna Mission". deshgujarat.com. http://www.narendramodi.in/news/news_detail/1970. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Mahatma on lips, Modi fights Centre". The Telegraph (Kolkota, India). 19 July 2006. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060719/asp/nation/story_6496620.asp. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
- ^ "Now, Amar Singh says Afzal Guru must be hanged". The Indian Express. 4 November 2008. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Now--Amar-Singh-says-Afzal-Guru-must-be-hanged/380948. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Indo-Asian News Service – Afzal Guru's guilty verdict[dead link]
- ^ a b "Modi wants 3-layer ring to secure coast". The Times of India. 28 November 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Ahmedabad/Modi_wants_3-layer_ring_to_secure_coast/articleshow/3766781.cms. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ a b c "Modi views on 9/11". The Times Of India. 19 August 2003. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/Violence-wont-matter-to-Gujarat-Modi/articleshow/137933.cms. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Narendra Modi |
- Official
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| Preceded by Keshubhai S. Patel |
Chief Minister of Gujarat 6 October 2001 – present |
Succeeded by incumbent |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Modi, Narendra |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian politician |
| Date of birth | 1950-09-17 |
| Place of birth | Vadnagar, Gujarat, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| L.K. Advani |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Deputy Prime Minister of India | |
| In office 5 February 2000 – 22 May 2004 |
|
| Preceded by | Chaudhary Devi Lal |
| Succeeded by | Vacant |
| Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004 |
|
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Preceded by | Indrajit Gupta |
| Succeeded by | Shivraj Patil |
| Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha) | |
| In office May 2004 – December 2009 |
|
| Preceded by | Sonia Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | Sushma Swaraj |
| In office 1989–1993 |
|
| Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions | |
| In office 29 January 2003 – 21 May 2004 |
|
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Minister of Coal and Mines | |
| In office 1 July 2002 – 25 August 2002 |
|
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| President of Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| In office 1986–1991 |
|
| In office 1993–1998 |
|
| In office 2004–2006 |
|
| Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha) | |
| In office January 1980 – April 1980 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1927-11-08) 8 November 1927 (age 84) Karachi, (Sindh) British India (now Pakistan) |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party (1980–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Before 1977) Janata Party (1977–1980) |
| Spouse(s) | Kamla Advani |
| Children | Pratibha (Daughter) Jayant (Son) |
| Alma mater | Saint Patrick's High School, Karachi Sindh D. G. National College, Hyderabad, Sindh Government Law College, Bombay University. |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Hindu |
| Signature | L. K. Advani's signature |
| Website | Official website |
Lal Krishna Advani (Sindhi: लाल किशनचंद आडवाणी (Devanagari) [laˑl kiɕəntɕən̪d̪ aˑᶑʋaˑɳiˑ]; born on 8 November 1927, at Karachi) known as L.K Advani is a Veteran Indian politician. A former president of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is currently the major opposition party in the Indian Parliament. He also served as a Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the 10th Lok Sabha and 14th Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Indian Parliament).[1] Advani began his political career as a volunteer of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
L.K Advani was born at Karachi, in Sindh of British India to Kishanchand D Advani and Gyani Devi. He completed his early schooling from Saint Patrick's High School, Karachi, then he joined the D G National College in Hyderabad, Sindh for his college education. He then graduated in Law from Government Law College, Bombay University.[2]
Political career[link]
Early career[link]
L.K Advani's life as a politician started in 1947 when he was elected as the Secretary, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Karachi. In 1947, Advani was sent to Mewar in Rajasthan, which had witnessed communal violence following partition, to oversee the affairs of the RSS there.
Jana Sangh to Janata Party[link]
Advani became a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, which was founded in 1951 by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. After serving various positions in the Jana Sangh, he became its President in 1975. When Jai Prakash Narayan, who led the public movement against the Emergency refused to campaign for the opposition parties unless all of them joined together, the Jana Sangh and many other opposition parties merged into the Janata Party. With the dissolution of Jana Sangh, Advani and his colleague Atal Bihari Vajpayee joined the Janata Party to fight the Lok Sabha Elections of 1977.
Janata Party to Bharatiya Janata Party[link]
The Janata Party was formed by political leaders and activists of various political parties who had been united in opposing the state of Emergency imposed in 1975 by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. After elections were called in 1977, the Janata Party was formed from the union of the Congress (O), Swatantra Party, Socialist Party of India, Bharatiya Jana Sangh and the Lok Dal. Indian National Congress defector Jagjivan Ram formed the Congress for Democracy and joined the Janata alliance. The widespread unpopularity of Emergency rule gave Janata Party and its allied a landslide victory in the election. Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister of India, Advani became the Minister of Information and Broadcasting and his close friend and Jana Sangh senior colleague Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the External Affairs Minister.
The nature of the birth of the Janata Party sowed the seeds of its destruction as well. Bitter animosity amongst its ranks ensured that the government remained on the brink. Finally, the issue of dual membership became the bone of contention as some members of the Janata Party insisted that the erstwhile members of the Jana Sangh dissociate themselves from the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
The erstwhile members of the Jana Sangh, came out of the Janata Party and they formed the new Bharatiya Janata Party. Advani became a prominent leader of the newly founded BJP and represented the party in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of the Indian Parliament).[2]
The rise of the BJP[link]
Advani became the president of the BJP in 1986. His rise coincided with a growing unease and disquiet with the ruling Congress Party, among the Hindus due the increasing fundamentalism among the minority Muslims. Sensing an opportunity Advani embarked on a new aggressive phase of his politics and by 1991, he had taken a party to new heights.
He gradually brought in a shift in the party's policies by advocating Hindutva. Meanwhile, the finance minister V. P. Singh also defected. In the elections of 1989, the combined might of the VP Singh led Janata Dal and the BJP managed to eat into the Congress's seats. Despite emerging as the single largest party, the Congress opted to sit in Opposition, and a coalition headed by V P Singh as Prime Minister formed the government. The BJP supported this government from the outside.
In 1989, the BJP launched a movement led by Advani on the issue of the Ram Janmabhoomi (the birth place of Rama). The BJP demanded that a temple dedicated to deity Rama be created at the site of the Babri Masjid where, according to Archaeological Survey of India (ASI),[3][4] a temple stood till Babur's invasion of India in 1528. Sunni Central Wakf Board rejected this claim. However, rather than a settling on a political solution to the dispute, the disputed structure was destroyed by a Hindu mob, sparking massive Hindu-Muslim riots.
Advani embarked on a "Rath Yatra" to mobilize "karsevaks" to converge upon the Babri Masjid to offer prayers. This "Rath Yatra", undertaken in an air-conditioned van decorated to look like a chariot, started from Somnath in Gujarat and had covered a large part of Northern India until it was brought to a halt by the Chief Minister of Bihar, Laloo Prasad Yadav.
This movement helped the BJP cross fresh boundaries, especially in North India. Advani succeeded in drawing away a large chunk of Hindu voters who were already mortified at the rise of Mandal politics, away from the Congress[citation needed]. In the 1991 general elections, the BJP came second after the Congress party in terms of seats.
In 1992, two years after Advani ended his yatra, despite assurances given by the Kalyan Singh led BJP Government to the Supreme Court, the Babri Masjid was demolished by the "karsevaks" with alleged complicity of the Kalyan Singh government.[5][6] Advani is one of the main accused in the Babri Masjid case.[7]
BJP, under Advani, sat in the opposition from 1991-1996 during the reign of P V Narasimha Rao. The Rao regime was repeatedly accused by the BJP of corruption and various scandals.
NDA Government formation[link]
After the 1996 general elections, the BJP became the single largest party and was consequently invited by the President to form the Government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was sworn in as Prime Minister in May 1996. However, the Government did not last long and Vajpayee resigned after thirteen days.
After two years in the political wilderness, the BJP under the umbrella of the National Democratic Alliance (a BJP-led coalition), again came to power with Vajpayee as PM in March 1998, when elections were called after India saw two unstable Governments headed by H D Deve Gowda and I K Gujral respectively. Advani assumed the office of Home Minister and was later elevated to the position of Deputy Prime Minister. As Union Minister, Advani had a tough time with India facing a string of internal disturbances in the form of terror attacks from neighbouring Pakistan . The BJP-led NDA Government lasted for its full term of five years till 2004, with Vajpayee as the Prime Minister. The NDA was the only non-Congress Government to last for five years.
Advani was charged in a Hawala scandal where he allegedly received payments through hawalabrokers. He and others were later discharged by the Supreme Court of India, because there was no additional evidence which could be used to charge them.[8] According to the judicial inquiry by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) they could not find any substantive evidences; the Supreme Court ruling stated that no statement even mentioned Advani's name and that evidence against him was limited to the mention of his name on a few loose sheets of paper.[8]
However, the failure of this prosecution by the CBI was widely criticized.[9] While some believe the CBI probe catapulted his rise through the BJP on his newfound "moral authority",[10] others have claimed the inquiry was a political stunt.[11][12]
As elections approached in 2004, Advani was supremely confident and conducted an aggressive campaign where he claimed the Congress Party would not get even 100 seats. The BJP suffered a defeat in the general elections held in 2004, and was forced to sit in the opposition. Another coalition, the United Progressive Alliance led by the resurgent Congress came to power, with Manmohan Singh as Prime Minister. The NDA disintegrated with the Telugu Desam Party, which had supported the NDA government from the outside, deserting the alliance.
Vajpayee retired from active politics after the 2004 defeat, putting Advani to the forefront of the BJP. Advani became Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha from 2004 to 2009. During this period, Advani had to deal with rebellion from within the party. His two close associates, Uma Bharati, and Madan Lal Khurana, and longtime rival Murali Manohar Joshi publicly spoke out against him. In June 2005, he drew much criticism when he, while on a visit to the Jinnah Mausoleum at Karachi - his town of birth, endorsed Mohammad Ali Jinnah and described him a "secular" leader. This did not sit well with the RSS either and Advani was forced to relinquish his post as BJP president. However, he withdrew the resignation a few days later.
The relationship between Advani and the RSS reached a low point when K S Sudarshan, opined that both Advani and Vajpayee give way to new leaders.[13] At the Silver Jubilee celebrations of the BJP in Mumbai in December 2005, Advani stepped down as party president and Rajnath Singh, a relatively junior politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh was elected in his place. In March 2006, following a bomb blast at one of the holiest Hindu shrines at Varanasi, Advani undertook a "Bharat Suraksha Yatra" (Sojourn for National Security), to highlight the alleged failure of the ruling United Progressive Alliance (a Congress led coalition) in combating terrorism.
Prime Minister candidacy[link]
In an interview with a news channel in December 2006, L.K. Advani stated that as the Leader of the Opposition in a parliamentary democracy, he considered himself as the Prime Ministerial candidate for the general elections, ending on 16 May 2009.[14] Some of his colleagues were not supportive of his candidacy.[15]
A major factor going in favor of Advani was that he had always been the most powerful leader in the BJP with the exception of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who endorsed Advani's candidacy shortly after the interview was done. On 2 May 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh, in an interview, stated that: "After Atal there is only Advani. Advani is the natural choice. It is he who should be PM".[16] On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Board of BJP formally announced that L. K. Advani would be its prime ministerial candidate for the General Elections due in 2009.
However, Indian National Congress party and its allies won the 2009 General Elections, allowing incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to continue in office. Following the defeat in the elections, L. K. Advani paved way for Sushma Swaraj to become the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha.[17]
Vajpayee-Advani Duo[link]
Through the 90s and the first few years of the 21st century, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-LK Advani combination steered the BJP to heights it had never before witnessed. Their political relationship provided stability, continuity, experience and authority to a party that was beginning even then, to severely lack a solid second-rung. As Advani himself acknowledged, rarely do two political leaders share such a bond, a working relationship that allows them both to thrive and grow without disturbing the fine balance of that bond.
Vajpayee, the poet-Prime Minister and Advani as his able and trusted lieutenant, brought depth and gravity to the BJP leadership. It still is, and will be in many ways, the gold standard to which the BJP will hold itself for many years to come.
Rath Yatras[link]
Popularly known in India as the Eternal yatri or Eternal Charioteer,[18] L.K. Advani has taken 6 yatras throughout India.
1. Ram Rath Yatra- L.K. Advani started his first Rath Yatra from Somnath, Gujarat[19] on 25 September 1990 to finally reach Ayodhya on October 30, 1990. The yatra has been linked to the Mandir-Masjid dispute centred around Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid site at Ayodhya. The BJP and Advani, however, focused the yatra on the secularism–communalism debate.[20]
2. Janadesh Yatra- Four Yatras named Janadesh Yatra[21] started on 11 september 1993 from four corners of country. L.K. Advani led this yatra from Mysore. Travelling through 14 States and two Union Territories, the yatris congregated at Bhopal on September 25 in a massive rally. The purpose of Janadesh Yatrawas to seek the people's mandate against the two Bills, the Constitution 80th Amendment Bill and the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill.[22]
3.Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra- The Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra by Mr. Advani travelled across India between May and July 1997. According to Mr.Advani, the yatra was conducted in celebration of 50 years of Indian Independence and also to project the BJP as a party committed to good governance.[23]
4. Bharat Uday Yatra- The Bharat Uday Yatra took place in the run-up to the 2004 Lok Sabha Elections.[24]
5. Bharat Suraksha Yatra- The BJP launched a nationwide mass political campaign in the form of the Bharat Suraksha Yatra from April 6 to May 10, 2006. It consisted of two yatras – one led by L.K. Advani, Leader of the Opposition (Lok Sabha), from Dwaraka in Gujarat to Delhi; and the other led by Rajnath Singh, then the President of the BJP, from Jagannath Puri in Orissa to Delhi.[25] The yatra was focused on left wing terrorism, minority politics, corruption, protection of democracy and price rise.[26]
6. Jan Chetna Yatra- The Jan Chetna Yatra was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara, Bihar. The BJP states the purpose of Jan Chetna Yatra is to mobilise public opinion against corruption of the UPA government and put BJP agenda of good governance and clean politics before the people of India.[27]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi. http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=9. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ a b L.K. Advani
- ^ "Evidence of temple found: ASI". August 25, 2003. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030826/main6.htm.
- ^ "Layers of truth". The Week. Archived from the original on 2005-03-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20050323101829/http://www.the-week.com/23sep07/events1.htm.
- ^ "Muslims can never forgive Kalyan over Babri issue". Express India. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Muslims-can-never-forgive-Kalyan-over-Babri-issue/419656/. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ "Babri demolition & failure of Muslim leadership". Zee News India. http://www.zeenews.com/news657090.html. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ "SC notice to Advani, Thackeray in Babri demolition case". The Times of India. 4 March 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-04/india/28658386_1_demolition-case-allahabad-high-court-bal-thackeray. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ a b SC clears Advani, Shukla in hawala case Indian Express - March 3, 1998
- ^ Advani has hit bull's eye each time Times of India - March 30, 2004
- ^ Advani's influence in the BJP sprang from his moral authority The Telegraph, Calcutta - December 30, 2005
- ^ Which Jain? What Hawala? Indian Express - September 15, 1998
- ^ says hawala probe was manipulated Times of India - November 27, 2006
- ^ "Atal, Advani should step aside, let young rise: RSS chief". Indian Express. April 11, 2005. http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=68121.
- ^ "I'll be candidate for PM: Advani". Times of India. December 11, 2006. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Ill_be_candidate_for_PM_says_Advani/articleshow/763314.cms.
- ^ "Advani opens his heart, and a can of worms". Economic Times. December 11, 2006. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/764246.cms.
- ^ Mohua Chatterjee, TNN (2 May 2007). "LK 'natural' choice for PM: Rajnath". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/LK_natural_choice_for_PM_Rajnath/articleshow/1986518.cms.
- ^ "Advani quits". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Advani-quits-Sushma-appointed-Lok-Sabha-Opposition-leader/articleshow/5352525.cms. Retrieved 27 April 2011. [dead link]
- ^ http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?278312
- ^ http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/449/295/
- ^ http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=150&Itemid=466
- ^ http://www.lkadvani.in/eng/content/view/451/295/
- ^ http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&Itemid=467
- ^ http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Itemid=468
- ^ http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=29187
- ^ http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/mar/17yatra.htm
- ^ http://www.bjp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154&Itemid=470
- ^ http://www.janchetnayatra.com/index/about-jan-chetna-yatra/
Further reading[link]
- Lal Krishna Advani. My Country My Life. (2008). ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4.
- Lal Krishna Advani. New Approaches to Security and Development (Paperback). (2003). ISBN 978-981-230-219-9.
- Lal Krishna Advani. A Prisoner's Scrap-Book (Hardcover). (2002). ISBN 978-81-88322-10-7.
- Atmaram Kulkarni. The Advent of Advani: An Authentic Critical Biography (Hardcover). (1995). ISBN 978-81-85345-22-2.
- Sudheendra Kulkarni. Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The story of Lal Krishna Advani's patriotic pilgrimage. (1997). ASIN: B0000CPBO7.
- Pentagon Press. Lal Krishna Advani: Today's Patel (Paperback). (2002). ISBN 978-81-86830-57-4.
- G. Katyal. K. Bhushan. Lal Krishna Advani: Deputy Prime Minister (Hardcover). ASIN: B001G6MAZA
- Pentagon Press. Lala Krishna Advani (Paperback). (2007). ISBN 978-81-86830-59-8.
- Demolition by design VENKITESH RAMAKRISHNAN -Frontline Volume 26 - Issue 25 :: Dec. 05-18, 2009
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lal Krishna Advani |
- Official site
- Profile on website of BJP
- BJP Leader, India
- Profile at BBC News
- Pakistan expresses shock at Mr Advani's resignation
- Allahabad High court order on the Babri Masjid demolition case
- Khurana asks Advani to step down
- Madan Lal Khurana suspended from BJP
- Advani praises functioning of Modi Govt
- Advani to call it quits in December
- Advani Discusses His Prime Ministerial Candidacy
- BJP to fight next poll under second-rung leader: Naqvi
- Official Blog of Lal Krishna Advani
- My Country, My Life Official site
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Indrajit Gupta |
Minister of Home Affairs 1998–2004 |
Succeeded by Shivraj Patil |
| Preceded by Chaudhary Devi Lal |
Deputy Prime Minister of India 2002–2004 |
Vacant |
(Tapuu 17:34, 11 October 2011 (UTC))
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Advani, Lal Krishna |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Politician |
| Date of birth | 1927-11-08 |
| Place of birth | Karachi, British India (now in Pakistan) |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/L._K._Advani
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Адвани, Лал Кришна
http://de.wn.com/Lal Krishna Advani
http://hi.wn.com/लालकृष्ण आडवाणी
http://pl.wn.com/Lal Krishna Advani
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._K._Advani
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
