- published: 18 Jun 2008
- views: 89401
- author: mangwanani
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Acle
Coordinates: 52°38′17″N 1°33′18″E / 52.638°N 1.555°E / 52.638; 1.555
Acle is a small market town on the River Bure on The Norfolk Broads in Norfolk, located halfway between Norwich and Great Yarmouth. It has the only bridge across the River Bure between Wroxham and Great Yarmouth. There is a high school (Acle High School in the town.
The civil parish has an area of 9.46 square kilometres (3.7 sq. miles) and in 2001 had a population of 2732 in 1214 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the area of the district of Broadland.
The name "Acle" means "oaks lea", that is, a clearing in an oak forest. In Tudor times, hundreds of oaks were felled here for timber to construct Elizabeth I's war ships.
In Roman times, Acle was a port at the head of a large estuary named Gariensis. Acle is mentioned in the Domesday Book, and in 1253 it was granted a market. The livestock and local farmers' market persisted into the 1970s, as did a nearby auction site; the latter is now a new housing estate and the former is part-occupied by a branch of Budgens, with the other part remaining a market, although essentially for tourist purposes: no livestock is now bought or sold there. In 1382, Acle received the right for a "turbary", that is, the right to dig peat. Acle still has a boatyard and Boat Dyke and walks along the Bure to Upton and beyond are possible.
wn.com/Acle -
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (English /ˈæmstərdæm/; Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] (
listen)) is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The city's status as the capital of the nation is governed by the constitution. Amsterdam has a population of 790,654 within city limits, an urban population of 1,209,419 and a metropolitan population of 2,289,762. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.
Amsterdam's name is derived from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin: a dam in the river Amstel. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age, a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were formed. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam (in Dutch: 'Grachtengordel'), located in the heart of Amsterdam, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2010.
wn.com/Amsterdam -
Ashill, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°36′10″N 0°46′56″E / 52.60272°N 0.78217°E / 52.60272; 0.78217
Ashill (pronounce Ash-ull [1]) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is between Watton and Swaffham.
The civil parish has an area of 12.26 square kilometres and in the 2001 census had a population of 1,426 in 634 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.
Ashill was originally called Asleigh, which meant a clearing in the Ash wood. The parish church of St Nicholas dates from the 14th century and stands close to the group of houses that form the oldest part of the village. The village centres around the green and a duck pond. Drovers travelling to Swaffham market would stay overnight on the green, using a shed as accommodation, whilst their cattle grazed on the green and drank from the pond.
The original school was built using funds from Rev. Bartholomew Edwards and opened in 1848. Bartholomew was the longest-serving incumbent of a single parish, totalling 76 years in Ashill, from 1813 to 1889. The National Society for Promoting Religious Education built an adjoining classroom and school house in 1876 and the school name was changed to Ashill National School. The school house was taken over by Norfolk Education committee in 1957, however, this was subsequently sold on again in 1979. It is now the headquarters for the local St John Ambulance division. The present school building, housing Ashill Voluntary Controlled Primary School, was opened by the Bishop of Lynn, The Right Reverend David Bentley, in 1989 and caters for 119 pupils.
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Attleborough
Coordinates: 52°31′06″N 1°01′09″E / 52.51826°N 1.01916°E / 52.51826; 1.01916
Attleborough is a market town and civil parish in Norfolk, England situated between Norwich and Thetford. The parish falls within the district of Breckland and has an area of 21.90 km² with a Mainline train service to both Norwich and Cambridge.
In the 2001 census the town had a population of 9702 distributed between 4185 households.
Attleborough's MP is George Freeman (Conservative), the MP for Mid Norfolk.
The town is served by Attleborough railway station.
The Anglo-Saxon foundation of the settlement is unrecorded. A popular theory of the town's origin makes it a foundation of an Atlinge, and certainly burgh (or burh) indicates that it was fortified at an early date. According to the mid-twelfth-century hagiographer of Saint Edmund, Galfridus de Fontibus, Athla was the founder of the Ancient and royal town of Attleborough in Norfolk. In the Domesday survey launched in 1085 it is referred to as Attleburc.
After the Danes swept across Norfolk and seized Thetford, it is believed that the Saxons rallied their forces at Attleborough and probably threw up some form of protection. Although the Saxons put up a vigorous resistance, they eventually capitulated to the Danes and during the time of Edward the Confessor, powerful Danish families like Toradre and Turkill rules local manors. If local records are correct, nothing but disaster was brought to Attleborough by the Danes, and it took the coming of William the Conqueror to restore some sense of well-being to the area.
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Aylsham
Coordinates: 52°47′24″N 1°15′22″E / 52.79°N 1.256°E / 52.79; 1.256
Aylsham is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Bure in north Norfolk, England, about 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Norwich. The river rises near Melton Constable, 18 kilometres (11 mi) upstream from Aylsham and continues to Great Yarmouth and the North Sea, although it was only made navigable after 1779, allowing grain, coal and timber to be brought up river.
The town is close to large estates and grand country houses at Blickling, Felbrigg, Mannington and Wolterton, which are important tourist attractions.
The civil parish has an area of 17.52 square kilometres and in the 2001 census had a population of 6000 in 2448 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland.
Archaeological evidence shows that the site of the town has been occupied since prehistoric times. Aylsham is just over two miles (3 km) from a substantial Roman settlement at Brampton, linked to Venta Icenorum at Caistor St Edmund, south of Norwich, by a Roman road which can still be traced in places - that site was a bustling industrial centre with maritime links to the rest of the empire. Excavations in the 1970s provided evidence of several kilns, showing that this was an industrial centre, pottery and metal items being the main items manufactured.
wn.com/Aylsham -
Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy, during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).
The battle was the most decisive British naval victory of the war. Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard HMS Victory defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve off the south-west coast of Spain, just west of Cape Trafalgar. The Franco-Spanish fleet lost twenty-two ships, without a single British vessel being lost.
The British victory spectacularly confirmed the naval supremacy that Britain had established during the previous century and was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy, which involved engaging an enemy fleet in a single line of battle parallel to the enemy to facilitate signalling in battle and disengagement, and to maximise fields of fire and target areas. Nelson instead divided his smaller force into two columns directed perpendicularly against the larger enemy fleet, with decisive results.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (
/ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
wn.com/Berkshire -
BeWILDerwood
BeWILDerwood is an adventure park for families located in Horning, a parish in the English county of Norfolk. Self-described as a "curious treehouse adventure," the attraction is situated in a woodland area and features treehouses, rope bridges, slides, zip wires, a maze, and two special areas for children under five called "Toddlewood-on-the-Hill" and "Toddlewood Valley." Entrance is as if to the whole forest and the adventure world of rope bridges and treehouses is a river ride away, through the 'swamp' and past the creature who blows bubbles to the surface! Disembark and you are a world away from the plastic, risk free playthings of your local park. Swings are three people wide as are some of the slides. The canopy of trees protects against even the most inclement weather and the yurts dotted around the earthy centre afford shelter for partygoers, sleepovers and facepainters alike.
The park's rides and other features are based on characters and events in A Boggle at BeWILDerwood and The Bewilderbats, books for children written by BeWILDerwood's owner, Tom Blofeld and illustrated by Steve Pearce. A Boggle at BeWILDerwood recounts the adventures of Swampy the marsh boggle as he struggles to overcome his fears and be a little braver. In the sequel, Bewilderbats, Swampy and his friends set out to rescue a tiny Twiggle who is stuck up a tree.
wn.com/BeWILDerwood -
Bintree
Coordinates: 52°46′00″N 0°54′48″E / 52.7667°N 0.9133°E / 52.7667; 0.9133
Bintree is a village and civil parish in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England, about nine miles (14 km) south-east of Fakenham. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 300.
Notable landmarks in the village include the village sign, a traditional red phone box and the now-disused Bintry Mill.
Rev. Richard William Enraght (1837–98) was an Irish-born Church of England priest of the late nineteenth century. He was appointed Vicar of St Swithun's Bintree with Themelthorpe in 1895, after being presented to the benefice by Lord Hastings.
Fr. Enraght’s belief in the Church of England's Catholic tradition, his promotion of ritualism in worship, and his writings on Catholic Worship and Church-State relationships, led him into conflict with the Public Worship Regulation Act of 1874. While serving as Vicar of Holy Trinity, Bordesley, Birmingham, he paid the ultimate price under the act of prosecution and imprisonment in Warwick prison in 1880-81.
wn.com/Bintree -
Birmingham
Birmingham (
i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
wn.com/Birmingham -
Booton, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°45′40″N 1°07′32″E / 52.761°N 1.12544°E / 52.761; 1.12544
Booton is a village and civil parish in the Broadland district of Norfolk, England, just east of Reepham and seven miles west of Aylsham. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 100.
Media related to Booton, Norfolk at Wikimedia Commons
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Bradenham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°38′24″N 0°50′37″E / 52.64008°N 0.8436°E / 52.64008; 0.8436
Bradenham is a village and civil parish, a conglomeration of East & West Bradenham, in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated some 5 miles (8.0 km) south-west of the town of East Dereham and 19 miles (31 km) west of the city of Norwich. The civil parish has an area of 16.55 km² and in the 2001 census had a population of 722 in 301 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the Breckland district.
The River Wissey rises in Bradenham and flows to the west whilst the River Yare rises to the east of Bradenham and flows to the east.
Bradenham is the birthplace of writer Sir Henry Rider Haggard; his father lived for some time at Bradenham Hall.
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Breckland (district)
Breckland District is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in East Dereham.
Breckland District derives its name from the Breckland landscape region, a gorse covered sandy heath of south Norfolk and north Suffolk. The term Breckland is ancient, and is found as early as the 13th century in the form Brakelond.
Breckland District was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Borough of Thetford, East Dereham Urban District, Swaffham Urban District, Wayland Rural District, Mitford and Launditch Rural District, and Swaffham Rural District.
The district is entirely parished, and is made up of 113 civil parishes. At the time of the 2001 census, the district had an area of 1,305 km2 (504 sq mi), with a population of 121,418 in 50,715 households.
The district contains the following civil parishes:
Coordinates: 52°38′N 0°59′E / 52.633°N 0.983°E / 52.633; 0.983
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Buxton
Coordinates: 53°15′32″N 1°54′40″W / 53.259°N 1.911°W / 53.259; -1.911
Buxton is a spa town in Derbyshire, England. It has the highest elevation of any market town in England. Located close to the county boundary with Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, Buxton is described as "the gateway to the Peak District National Park". A municipal borough until 1974, Buxton was then merged with other localities including Glossop, lying primarily to the north, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak within the county of Derbyshire. Buxton is within the sphere of influence of Greater Manchester due to its close proximity to the area.
Buxton is home to Poole's Cavern, an extensive limestone cavern open to the public, and St Ann's Well, fed by the geothermal spring bottled and sold internationally by Buxton Mineral Water Company. Also in the town is the Buxton Opera House, which hosts several music and theatre festivals each year. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby is housed in one of the town's historic buildings.
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Cambridge
The city of Cambridge (i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia, on the River Cam, about 50 miles (80 km) north of London. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, its population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and was estimated to be 125,717 in mid-2010. There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in bronze age and Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951.
Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower.
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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City College Norwich
City College Norwich (CCN) is a college of further and higher education which is located on Ipswich Road, in Norwich, Norfolk, England. The college has a second site at St Andrews House in Norwich city centre, which is also home to the National Skills Academy for Financial Services. Founded in 1891, City College Norwich has been situated in its current location since 1953. It is one of the largest colleges in the country.
City College Norwich has over 11,000 full time and part time students on a wide range of vocational, academic and professional courses. The College’s provision spans work with 14–16 year olds (around 1,000 of whom attend college one day a week whilst attending high school), full and part-time further education courses for young people and adults, higher education courses, apprenticeships and other bespoke training for employers. The college has around a 900 full and part-time staff.
Ofsted rates it as satisfactory (grade 3) on most criteria, but good for equality of opportunity. In such a large establishment, this overall grade covers a variability of results: so for instance in the latest inspection (2008), training in hospitality and catering was found to be good (grade 2), while science and Mathematics was judged inadequate at first, then satisfactory in a 2010 reinspection.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Cromer
Coordinates: 52°55′52″N 1°18′07″E / 52.931°N 1.302°E / 52.931; 1.302
Cromer is a coastal town and civil parish in north Norfolk, England. The local government authority is North Norfolk District Council, whose headquarters is in Holt Road in the town. The town is situated 23 miles (37 km) north of the county town, Norwich, and is 4 miles (6.5 km) east of Sheringham. The civil parish has an area of 4.66 km² and in the 2001 census had a population of 7,749 people in 3,671 households. The motto Gem of the Norfolk Coast is highlighted on the town's roadsigns.
Cromer is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. The place-name 'Cromer' is first attested in 1297 and means 'Crows' mere or lake'.
It is reasonable to assume that the present site of Cromer, around the parish church of Saints Peter and Paul, is what was then Shipden-juxta-Felbrigg. The other Shipden is now about a quarter of a mile to the north east of the end of Cromer Pier, under the sea. Its site is marked by Church Rock, now no longer visible, even at a low spring tide. In 1888 a vessel struck the rock, and the rock was subsequently blown up for safety.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Diss
Coordinates: 52°22′52″N 1°06′28″E / 52.3812°N 1.1079°E / 52.3812; 1.1079
Diss is a town (population 6,742) in Norfolk, England close to the border with the neighbouring East Anglian county of Suffolk.
The town lies in the valley of the River Waveney, around a mere (lake) that covers 6 acres (2.4 ha; 0.0094 sq mi). The mere is up to 18 feet (5.5 m) deep, although there is another 51 feet (16 m) of mud, making it one of the deepest natural inland lakes in England.[citation needed] The town takes its name from dic an Anglo-Saxon word meaning either ditch or embankment.
Diss has a large number of historic buildings, including the early 14th century parish church. It is also home to a museum. Diss railway station lies on the Great Eastern Main Line route from London to Norwich.
In the time of Edward the Confessor, Diss was then officially included in Suffolk, in the Hartismere hundred (a hundred was an administrative subdivision), as recorded in the Domesday book. It is recorded as being in the king's possession as demesne (direct ownership) of the Crown, there being at that time a church and a glebe of twenty-four acres. This was considered to be worth £15 per annum, which had doubled by the time of William the Conqueror, it being then estimated at £30 with the benefit of the whole hundred and half, belonging to it. It was then found to be a league long (around 3 miles (4.8 km) or nearly 5 kilometres), and half this distance broad, and paid 4d. (9.6 new pence) in Danegeld. From this it appears that it was still relatively small, but it grew shortly after when it subsumed Watlingsete Manor, a neighbouring area, which was as large as Diss, and seemingly fuller of inhabitants, according to the geld or tax that it paid. This was afterwards called Walcote, and includes part of Heywode, as appears from its joining to Burston, into which town this manor extended.
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Ditchingham
Coordinates: 52°28′00″N 1°26′37″E / 52.46676°N 1.44351°E / 52.46676; 1.44351
Ditchingham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is located across the River Waveney from Bungay, Suffolk near to The Broads National Park.
The civil parish has an area of 8.56 km2 (3.31 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 1614 in 695 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of South Norfolk.
The novelist Sir H. Rider Haggard, author of King Solomon's Mines, lived in Ditchingham and was churchwarden there for several years. He was born in Kessingland and had connections with the church in Bungay.
Lilias Rider Haggard, daughter of the famous novelist, edited I walked by Night, being the life and history of the King of the Norfolk Poachers, published in 1935 by Nicholson and Watson, London.
She also edited The Rabbit Skin Cap, a tale of a Norfolk countryman's youth, first published in 1939 and reprinted by the Norfolk Library, 1974, 1975, 1976, which is the life story of George Baldry, a local inventor and poacher in the early C20. The picture on the front cover of the hardback edition was of a Ditchingham school boy, Douglas Walter Gower, taken from a painting by the artist Edward Seago. The boy later in life found a mammoth's tooth in a gravel pit near an ancient long barrow on the Broome Heath. See Prehistoric Norfolk, which is now in the Norwich Castle museum.
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Downham Market
Coordinates: 52°36′N 0°23′E / 52.60°N 0.39°E / 52.60; 0.39
Downham Market is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. It lies on the edge of the Fens, on the River Great Ouse, some 20 km south of the town of King's Lynn, 60 km west of the city of Norwich and the same distance north of the city of Cambridge.
The civil parish has an area of 5.2 km² and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,730 in 3,258 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is part of South West Norfolk parliamentary constituency.
It was an agricultural centre, developing as a market for the produce of the Fens with a bridge across the Ouse. During the Middle Ages, it was famed for its butter market and also hosted a notable horse fair.
Notable buildings in the town include its mediaeval parish church, dedicated to St Edmund, and Victorian clock tower, constructed in 1878. The town is also known as the place where Charles I hid after the Battle of Naseby. The town has recently undergone a regeneration project on the Market Place, moving the market to the town hall car park. The decorative town sign depicts the crown and arrows of St Edmund with horses to show the importance of the horse fairs in the town's history.
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East Anglia
East Anglia is a traditional name for a region of eastern England, named after an ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom, the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Angles took their name from their homeland Angeln, in northern Germany. East Anglia initially consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk, but upon the marriage of the East Anglian princess Etheldreda, the Isle of Ely also became part of the kingdom. Formerly a standard statistical region, for administrative purposes East Anglia now forms part of the East of England government office region and is defined as a Level 2 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, comprising the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire including the city of Peterborough unitary authority area.
The Kingdom of the East Angles, formed about the year 520 by the merging of the North and the South Folk (Angles who had settled in the former lands of the Iceni during the previous century) was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon heptarchy kingdoms (as defined in the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon). For a brief period following a victory over the rival kingdom of Northumbria around the year 616, East Anglia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and its king Raedwald was Bretwalda (overlord of the Anglo-Saxons kingdoms). But this did not last: over the next forty years, East Anglia was defeated by the Mercians twice, and it continued to weaken relative to the other kingdoms until in 794, Offa of Mercia had its king Æthelberht killed and took control of the kingdom himself.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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East Wretham
Coordinates: 52°28′44″N 0°49′06″E / 52.47882°N 0.81845°E / 52.47882; 0.81845
Wretham is a civil parish and village in the English county of Norfolk. The village, which is also referred to as East Wretham, is situated some 6 miles (9.7 km) north east of the town of Thetford and 25 miles (40 km) south west of the city of Norwich.
The civil parish, which also includes the villages of Stonebridge and Illington, has an area of 32.25 km2 (12.45 sq mi). In the 2001 census it had a population of 366 in 137 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.
The village is located close to the British Army's Stanford Battle Area, and a proportion of the parish lies within the prohibited area of that infantry training area.
The proprietor of the Dog and Partridge local pub has gained publicity for his stance against smoking ban that was introduced into England and Wales in July 2007.
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Easton College
Easton College is a land-based college, based in the heart of Norfolk. Owning 652 acres (2.64 km2) of land, it spreads over Easton to provide workable land for all the courses run at the college. Over time it has adapted to the most current and up to date courses, such as Horticulture, Arboriculture, Sports, Animal Care, Countryside, Land-Based Technology, Equine, and Floristry. The college have just added a £22.5 million extension to the site, it is now investing another £15 million on adding 2 buildings containing tennis courts, new class rooms, huge stand alone indoor equestrian centre, and many more things. The college at the moment can provide for 122 residential students for further education and a further 25 for higher education. The college, also provides part-time and short courses, to the public.
The main focus of the college is on vocational courses with qualifications such as First and National Diplomas, as well as Foundation Degrees. With vocational courses the main emphasis is on ‘hands-on’ practical work, combined with classroom-based activity. Work experience/placements form an integral part of the student's education and are undertaken in most of Easton's curriculum areas, external trips are often linked to most areas of study.
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Ely, Cambridgeshire
Coordinates: 52°24′N 0°16′E / 52.40°N 0.26°E / 52.40; 0.26
Ely (i/ˈiːli/ EE-lee) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) north-north-east of Cambridge and about 80 miles (129 km) by road from London. Æthelthryth (Etheldreda) founded an abbey at Ely in AD 673; the abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders and was rebuilt by Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in 970. Construction of the cathedral was started in 1083 by the first Norman bishop, Simeon. Sacrist, Alan of Walsingham's octagon, built over Ely's nave crossing between 1322 and 1328, is the "greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral" according to architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner. Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city; in 1974, city status was granted by royal charter.
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Environment Agency
The Environment Agency (Welsh: Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd) is a British non-departmental public body of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly Government Sponsored Body of the Welsh Government that serves England and Wales.
The Environment Agency's stated purpose is, "to protect or enhance the environment, taken as a whole" so as to promote "the objective of achieving sustainable development" (taken from the Environment Act 1995, section 4). Protection of the environment relates to threats such as flood and pollution. The vision of the Agency is of "a rich, healthy and diverse environment for present and future generations".
The Environment Agency's remit covers the whole of England and Wales; about 15 million hectares of land, 22,000 miles (35,000 km) of river and 3,100 miles (5,000 km) of coastline seawards to the three mile limit which includes 2 million hectares of coastal waters. In a sharing arrangement with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), it also exercises some of its functions over parts of the catchments of the River Tweed and the Border Esk which are, for the most part, in Scotland
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European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
The Commission operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "commissioners" ). There is one member per member state, though members are bound to represent the interests of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. One of the 27 is the Commission President (currently José Manuel Durão Barroso) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament. The Council then appoints the other 26 members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President, and then the 27 members as a single body are subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament. The first Barroso Commission took office in late 2004 and its successor, under the same President, took office in 2010.
The term "Commission" is used either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners (or College) or to also include the administrative body of about 23,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called Directorates-General and Services. The internal working languages of the Commission are English, French and German. The Members of the Commission and their "cabinets" (immediate teams) are based in the Berlaymont building of Brussels.
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Fakenham
Coordinates: 52°50′08″N 0°51′04″E / 52.8356°N 0.8510°E / 52.8356; 0.8510
Fakenham is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. It is situated on the River Wensum, some 30 km (19 mi) north east of King's Lynn, 30 km (19 mi) south west of Cromer, and 40 km (25 mi) north west of Norwich.
The civil parish has an area of 9.04 km2 (3.49 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 7,357 in 3,292 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.
The name Fakenham is Saxon, possibly meaning Fair Place/Place on a Fair River, or Hamlet (Ham) on the river (Ken) Fa/Fair (Fa).
In 1086 (Domesday Book) Fakenham had only 150 residents. Hempton, on the opposite side of the river, was the larger community and had an abbey that played host to pilgrims on their way to Walsingham. Fakenham became the dominant centre when the abbey was abolished by Henry VIII. It has been a market town since 1250, when it was given a Charter. The stalls probably occupied space around the parish church of St.Peter & St.Paul. Fakenham's modern-day Thursday market is still situated very close to its original positioning and around the market place.
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Flitcham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°48′36″N 0°33′42″E / 52.81°N 0.56176°E / 52.81; 0.56176
Flitcham is a village within the civil parish of Flitcham with Appleton in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 45.5 miles (73.2 km) West-northwest of Norwich, 9.1 miles (14.6 km) East-northeast of King’s Lynn and 112 miles (180 km) North-northeast of London. The Village is straddles the B1153 just to the north of the A148 Fakenham Road at Hillington. The nearest railway station is at King’s Lynn for the Fen Line which runs between King’s Lynn and Cambridge. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The parish of Flitcham with Appleton in the 2001 census, has a population of 236. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. Together with the villages of West Newton, Shernborne, and Anmer, it is part of the Royal Sandringham Estate.
The parish of Flitcham with Appleton within which the village is located is a large parish which is in the north west of Norfolk. To the east the parish boundary is discernible by the route of the Peddars Way, the long distance footpath which follows the route of a Roman road. On the southern boundary is the River Babingley who’s source is close to the village and runs to the River Great Ouse at Wootton Marshes. To northern boundary is with the civil parish of Anmer, whilst the parish and royal estate of Sandringham lie to the west. The village of Flitcham is in the south of the parish. Also within the parish is the Hamlet of Appleton, a lost village which has now dwindled to a few dwellings and a church in a ruinous state. The name Flitcham derives from the Old English meaning a homstead or village where flitches of bacon are produced.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Gorleston
Coordinates: 52°34′33″N 1°43′25″E / 52.5757°N 1.7235°E / 52.5757; 1.7235
Gorleston-On-Sea, also known colloquially as Gorleston, is a settlement in Norfolk in the United Kingdom, forming part of the larger town of Great Yarmouth. Situated at the mouth of the River Yare it was a port town at the time of the Domesday Book. The port then became a centre of fishing for herring along with salt-pans used for the production of salt to preserve the fish. In Edwardian times fishing industry rapidly declined and its role changed that of a seaside resort.
Historically the town was in the county of Suffolk. In the Middle Ages it had two manors, and a small manor called Bacons. In 1832, it became apart of Great Yarmouth for electoral purposes. Finally in 1835 it merged with the town and became part of Great Yarmouth in the county of Norfolk. There used to be two railway stations. Great Yarmouth South which used to go into the Town Centre but it closed in 1970. Great Yarmouth North which used to go to Lowestoft, but it closed in 1942.
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Great Yarmouth
Coordinates: 52°36′22″N 1°43′44″E / 52.606°N 1.729°E / 52.606; 1.729
Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a coastal town in Norfolk, England. It is located at the mouth of the River Yare, 20 miles (32 km) east of Norwich.
It has been a seaside resort since 1760, and is the gateway from the Norfolk Broads to the sea. For hundreds of years it was a major fishing port, depending mainly on herring fishery, but its fishing industry suffered a steep decline and has now all but disappeared. The discovery of oil in the North Sea in the 1960s led to a flourishing oil rig supply industry, and today it services offshore natural gas rigs. More recently, the development of renewable energy sources, especially offshore wind power, has created further opportunities for support services. A wind farm of 30 generators is within sight of the town on the Scroby Sands.
The town has a beach and two piers.
The town itself is on a thin spit sandwiched between the North Sea and River Yare. Its well known features include the historic rows (narrow streets) and the main tourist sector on the seafront. The area is linked to Gorleston, Cobholm and Southtown by Haven Bridge and to the A47, A149 and A12 by the Breydon Bridge.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Gresham's School
Gresham’s School is an independent coeducational boarding school in Holt in North Norfolk, England.
The school was founded in 1555 by Sir John Gresham as a free grammar school for forty boys, following King Henry VIII's dissolution of the Augustinian priory at Beeston Regis. The founder left the school's endowments in the hands of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers of the City of London, who are still the school's trustees.
In the 1890s, an increase in the rental income of property in the City of London led to a major expansion of the school, which built many new buildings on land it owned on the eastern edge of Holt, including several new boarding houses as well as new teaching buildings, library, and chapel.
Gresham's began to admit girls in the mid 1970s and is now fully co-educational. As well as its senior school, it operates a preparatory and a pre-preparatory school, the latter now in the Old School House, the original senior school. Altogether, the three schools teach about eight hundred children.
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Gresham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°54′01″N 1°13′17″E / 52.90025°N 1.22135°E / 52.90025; 1.22135
Gresham is a village and civil parish in North Norfolk, England, five miles (8 km) south-west of Cromer.
A predominantly rural parish, Gresham centres on its medieval church of All Saints. The village also once had a square 14th century castle, a watermill and a windmill. The moat and some ruins of the castle survive.
The name of Gresham is derived from a local stream known as the Gur Beck, plus -ham, meaning a settlement.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Gresham is recorded as one of the holdings of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey.
Sir Edmund Bacon of Baconsthorpe held the manor. After his death in 1336 or 1337, there was much fighting over his property, which included the manor of Gresham. A William Moleyns married Bacon's daughter Margery and tried unsuccessfully to deprive John Burghersh, the son of Bacon's other daughter and heiress Margaret, of his inheritance. A partition of Bacon's property was made between his heirs in the 35th year of King Edward III, and when the division between Moleyns and Burghersh was complete, Gresham went to Margery, who died in 1399. She granted Gresham to Sir Philip Vache for nine years after her death, but in 1414 his widow still held it and Sir William Moleyns agreed to buy it from Margery's executors for 920 marks. He held it for two years, but did not complete the payment. The manor then fell into a complicated contract for the future marriage of Moleyns's daughter Katherine which did not take place, and Thomas Chaucer (c. 1367–1434), Speaker of the House of Commons, and the son of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, acquired the manor of Gresham and sold it to William Paston. (Thomas Chaucer was married to a granddaughter of Maud Bacon, almost certainly another daughter of Edmund Bacon.) However, Robert Hungerford, Lord Moleyns, then claimed it and seized it by force.
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Heacham
Coordinates: 52°54′25″N 0°29′24″E / 52.9069°N 0.49°E / 52.9069; 0.49
Heacham (52°54′25″N 00°29′24″E / 52.90694°N 0.49°E / 52.90694; 0.49) is a village of 4,707 inhabitants, located in north-west Norfolk, England, between King's Lynn, 14 miles (23 km) to the south and Hunstanton, about 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north, on The Wash.
There is evidence of settlement in the Heacham area, for around the last 5,000 years, with numerous Neolithic and latter Bronze Age finds throughout the parish. This is presumably due to the fact the local geology consists of primarily cretaceous sands and underlying chalk meaning that there is very little surface water for miles in any direction. This can also be seen along the banks of the Caudle Carr located just outside Dersingham where numerous archaeological sites have been found. Running water in conjunction with the fertile surrounding lands, made it an ideal settling location for early man. Evidence of habitation continues through the Iron age into the Romano-British era. But the beginnings of the present village most probably did not occur until around the 5th century with the Anglo-Saxon invasion and the beginnings of present-day East Anglia.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertford
Coordinates: 51°47′42″N 0°04′41″W / 51.795°N 0.078°W / 51.795; -0.078
Hertford ( /ˈhɑrtfərd/ or /ˈhɑrfərd/) is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. Forming a civil parish, the 2001 census put the population of Hertford at about 24,180. Recent estimates are that it is now around 28,000[citation needed]. The name is Anglo Saxon and means the ford frequented by harts or stags.
Hertford has been the county town of Hertfordshire since Saxon times when it was governed by the king's reeves. By the 13th century, these had been replaced by a bailiff, elected by the burgesses. Charters of 1554 and 1589 established a common council of eleven chief burgesses and a bailiff. Another charter of 1605 changed the bailiff's title to mayor. In 1835, Hertford became a Municipal Corporation; the ratepayers elected twelve councillors, who chose four aldermen, aldermen and councillors composing the council. This body elected the mayor.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Heydon, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°48′N 1°08′E / 52.80°N 1.13°E / 52.80; 1.13
Heydon, Norfolk, is an English village in the county of Norfolk and district of Broadland.
Heydon is about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Reepham, and has no through road, making it isolated except from the south. It consists of a large green, surrounded by picturesque houses and cottages.
The village is listed in the Domesday Book as "High-Down", and was home to a weekly market.
Erasmus Earle, one of the most noted lawyers of his time, was lord of the manor in the early 17th century. The 19th century lord was William Earle Lytton Bulwer (1799–1877), elder brother of the author Edward Bulwer Lytton. The village is still owned by the Bulwer Long family, one of only around a dozen English villages that are entirely privately owned.
Heydon became Norfolk's first conservation area in 1971 and has won its Best Kept Village on two occasions. The village retains an old-fashioned character with no new buildings having been added since the Queen Victoria commemorative well was built in 1887.
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Hingham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°34′45″N 0°58′58″E / 52.57910°N 0.98284°E / 52.57910; 0.98284
Hingham is a market town and civil parish in the Forehoe district in the heart of rural Norfolk, in England. The civil parish covers an area of 14.98 km2 (5.78 sq mi) and had a population of 2,078 in 944 households as of the 2001 census. Grand architecture surrounds the market place and village green. In the 18th century, when the socialites of high society built houses and took residence in Hingham, it became fashionably known as "Little London".
Hingham is 17 miles (27 km) from Norwich, Norfolk’s county town. While many Hingham people now work in Norwich, commuting by car or bus, the town has maintained a strong base, providing work in a wide range of commercial businesses in its industrial estate on Ironside Way. A major employer in the parish is E. F. Shingfield & Sons, agricultural suppliers. Several other firms provide a variety of services to agriculture and industry.
The many and varied local shops have the special character of a small market town but are up-to-date in what they provide. Despite the influence and attractions of neighbouring Norwich, an active and independent town life continues to thrive and grow in Hingham. A fair visits every year, setting up on the historic Fairlands (an area of several triangular greens). There is a state-run village school, providing education for children from the ages of 4-11. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of South Norfolk.
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Holkham
Coordinates: 52°57′32″N 0°48′57″E / 52.9588°N 0.8159°E / 52.9588; 0.8159
Holkham is a village and civil parish in the north-west of the county of Norfolk, England. Besides the small village, the parish includes the major stately home and estate of Holkham Hall, and an attractive beach at Holkham Gap. The three lie at the centre of the Holkham National Nature Reserve.
The parish has an area of 23.92 km2 (9.24 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 236 in 104 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.
The village of Holkham is located on the coast road (the A149) between Wells-next-the-Sea and Burnham Overy Staithe. At one time the village was a landing with access to the sea via a tidal creek to the harbour at Wells. The creek succumbed to land reclamation, much of which created the grounds of the estate, starting in 1639 and ending in 1859 when the harbour at Wells was edged with a sea wall. The land west of the wall was subsequently turned to agricultural uses. Aerial photographs show traces of the creek in the topsoil, and the lake to the west of the hall appears to be based on a remnant of it. Now the village serves principally as the main entrance to the hall and deer park, and to Lady Anne's Drive which leads to the beach. Among the houses of the village are several estate-owned businesses, including a hotel ('The Victoria') and art gallery.
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Holt, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°54′N 1°05′E / 52.90°N 1.09°E / 52.90; 1.09
Holt is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The town is 22.8 miles (36.7 km) north of the city of Norwich, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west of Cromer and 35 miles (56 km) east of King's Lynn. The town is on the route of the A148 King's Lynn to Cromer road. The nearest railway station is in the town of Sheringham where access to the national rail network can be made via the Bittern Line to Norwich. Holt also has a station on the preserved North Norfolk Railway, ‘The Poppy Line’, of which it is the south-western terminus. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The town has a population of 3,550. Holt is within the area covered by North Norfolk District Council.
The name Holt is thought to derive from the Anglo-Saxon word for woodland and Holt is located on wooded high ground of the Cromer-Holt ridge at the crossing point of two ancient by-ways and as such was a natural point for a settlement to grow. The town has a mention in the great survey of 1086 known as the Domesday Book. In the survey it is described as a market town and a port with the nearby port of Cley next the Sea being described as Holt’s port. It also had five watermills and twelve plough teams and as such was seen as a busy thriving viable settlement then. The first Lord of the Manor was Walter Giffard; it passed to Hugh, Earl of Chester, who then left it to the De Vaux family. By this time Holt had a well-established market and two annual fairs which were held on the 25th of April and the 25th of November. Over the years Holt grew as a local place of trade and commerce. The weekly market which has taken place since before the 1080s was stopped in 1960s.
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Hunstanton
Coordinates: 52°56′N 0°29′E / 52.93°N 0.48°E / 52.93; 0.48
Hunstanton (locali/ˈhʌnstən/ HUN-stən), known colloquially as 'Sunny Hunny', is a seaside town (population 4961) in Norfolk, England, facing The Wash.
Hunstanton is an east coast town but faces west and is one of the few places on the east coast in England where the sun can be seen to set over the sea.
Hunstanton is notable for its stratified, fossiliferous cliffs: lower reddish limestone, known as 'red chalk', was laid down during the Lower Cretaceous Epoch and is topped by a white chalk layer from the Upper Cretaceous Epoch.
Hunstanton is a nineteenth century resort town, initially known as New Hunstanton so distinguished from the adjacent old village from which it took its name. The new town long ago eclipsed the village in scale and population.
The original settlement of Hunstanton is now known as Old Hunstanton, probably taking its name from The River Hun which runs to the coast just to the east of Old Hunstanton. It is also said that the name Hunstanton originated from the word "Honeystone", a reference to the local red Carr stone. The River begins in the grounds of Old Hunstanton Park which surrounds the old Moated Hall, the ancestral home of the Le Strange family. Old Hunstanton village is of prehistoric origin and is situated near to the head of Peddars Way. In 1970, evidence of Neolithic settlement was found. The quiet character of Old Hunstanton remains distinct from and complements that of its busy sibling, with clifftop walks past a privately owned redundant lighthouse and the ruins of St. Edmund's Chapel, built in 1272.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Kelling
Coordinates: 52°56′N 1°07′E / 52.94°N 1.11°E / 52.94; 1.11
Kelling (also known as Low Kelling and as Lower Kelling) is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 10.1 miles (16.3 km) west of Cromer, 26 miles (42 km) north of Norwich and 130 miles (210 km) north-east of London. The village straddles the A149 Coast road between Kings Lynn and Great Yarmouth. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The village lies within the Norfolk Coast AONB (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty) and the North Norfolk Heritage Coast.
Changes in government policy have discontinued management of coastal erosion in North Norfolk.
Kelling is a small village (pop 170 in 2004), which had a reputation for smuggling. The village has a reading room, which is now a book shop, gallery and tea-room. There is a small Victorian school house built in 1876 and opened October 1877, still in use as a primary school today on the coastal side of the A149 just opposite the reading room. Today it is attended by 90 children from the surrounding area. The postal addresses for Kelling are unusual as only 10 of the 37 properties have a number; the rest are known only by the house name the postcode for the village is NR25 7EL.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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King's Lynn
Coordinates: 52°45′15″N 0°23′51″E / 52.7543°N 0.3976°E / 52.7543; 0.3976
King's Lynn /ˌkɪŋz ˈlɪn/ is a sea port and market town in the ceremonial county of Norfolk in the East of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) north of London and 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich. The population of the town is 42,800.
The town has two theatres, museums and other cultural and sporting venues. There are three secondary schools and one college. The service sector, information and communication technologies and creative industries, provide limited employment for the population of King's Lynn and the surrounding area.
The etymology of King's Lynn is uncertain. The name Lynn is said to be derived from the body of water near the town (the Great Ouse river as it prepares to enter the Wash): the Celtic word Llyn, means a lake; but the name is plausibly of Anglo-Saxon origin, from the word Lean, implying a tenure in fee or farm.
For a time it was named Len Episcopi (Bishop's Lynn) while under the jurisdiction, both temporal and spiritual, of the Bishop of Norwich; but during the reign of Henry VIII of England it was surrendered to the crown, and it then assumed the name of Lenne Regis, or King's Lynn.
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Kings Lynn
Coordinates: 52°45′15″N 0°23′51″E / 52.7543°N 0.3976°E / 52.7543; 0.3976
King's Lynn /ˌkɪŋz ˈlɪn/ is a sea port and market town in the ceremonial county of Norfolk in the East of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) north of London and 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich. The population of the town is 42,800.
The town has two theatres, museums and other cultural and sporting venues. There are three secondary schools and one college. The service sector, information and communication technologies and creative industries, provide limited employment for the population of King's Lynn and the surrounding area.
The etymology of King's Lynn is uncertain. The name Lynn is said to be derived from the body of water near the town (the Great Ouse river as it prepares to enter the Wash): the Celtic word Llyn, means a lake; but the name is plausibly of Anglo-Saxon origin, from the word Lean, implying a tenure in fee or farm.
For a time it was named Len Episcopi (Bishop's Lynn) while under the jurisdiction, both temporal and spiritual, of the Bishop of Norwich; but during the reign of Henry VIII of England it was surrendered to the crown, and it then assumed the name of Lenne Regis, or King's Lynn.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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Loddon, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°31′59″N 1°28′59″E / 52.533°N 1.483°E / 52.533; 1.483
Loddon is a small market town about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Norwich on the River Chet, a tributary of the River Yare within The Broads in Norfolk, England. The name "Loddon" is thought to mean muddy river in Celtic in reference to the Chet.
The earliest written mention of Loddon (Lodne) is in the will of Ælfric Modercope written in 1042 or 1043. In the will Ælfric split his land holdings in Loddon, Bergh Apton and Barton between the Bishops of Bury, Ely and St Benet of Holme. Ælfric held 450 acres (1.8 km2) of land in Loddon and was by far the biggest landowner. His manor house is believed to have been close by the church overlooking the river and the fields are known as Manor Yards.
The Parish Council adopted Ælfric for Loddon's town sign in 1961 and the bronze statue still stands on Farthing Green.
Although Loddon and Chedgrave have been flooded many times through history, the worst or at least the best documented occasions were in August 1912 and September 1968.
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Lowestoft
Coordinates: 52°29′N 1°45′E / 52.48°N 1.75°E / 52.48; 1.75
Lowestoft ( /ˈloʊ.əstɒft/, /ˈloʊstɒft/ or /ˈloʊstəf/) is a town in the English county of Suffolk. The town is on the North Sea coast and is the most easterly point of the United Kingdom. It is 110 miles (177 km) north-east of London, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles (35 km) south-east of Norwich. It is situated on the edge of the Broads system and is the major settlement within the district of Waveney with a population of 64,358 at the 2001 census.
Some of the earliest evidence of settlement in Britain have been found in Lowestoft and the town has a long history. It is a port town which developed due to the fishing industry and a traditional seaside resort. It has wide, sandy beaches, two piers and a number of other tourist attractions. Whilst its fisheries have declined, the development of oil and gas exploitation in the southern North Sea in the 1960s led to the development of the town, along with nearby Great Yarmouth, as a base for the industry. This role has since declined and the town has begun to develop as a centre of the renewable energy industry within the East of England.
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Mercia
Mercia ( /ˈmɜrsiə/, /ˈmɜrʃə/) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands. The name is a Latinisation of the Old English Mierce or Myrce, meaning "border people".
Mercia's neighbours included Northumbria, Powys and the kingdoms of southern Wales, Wessex, Sussex, Essex and East Anglia.
The name Mercia is still in use today by a wide range of organisations, including military units, public, commercial and voluntary bodies; and occurs as a female given name.
Mercia's exact evolution from the Anglo-Saxon invasions is more obscure than that of Northumbria, Kent, or even Wessex. Also, Mercia developed an effective political structure and adopted Christianity later than the other kingdoms. Archaeological surveys show that Angles settled the lands north of the River Thames by the 6th century. The name Mercia is Old English for "boundary folk" (see Welsh Marches), and the traditional interpretation is that the kingdom originated along the frontier between the native Welsh and the Anglo-Saxon invaders. However, P. Hunter Blair argued an alternative interpretation: that they emerged along the frontier of Northumbria and the inhabitants of the Trent river valley.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Milton Keynes
Coordinates: 52°02′10″N 0°46′12″W / 52.036°N 0.770°W / 52.036; -0.770
Milton Keynes (i/ˌmɪltən ˈkiːnz/ mil-tən-KEENZ), sometimes abbreviated MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, about 45 miles (72 km) south-east of Leicester and 49 miles (79 km) north-west of London. It is the administrative centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a 'city' in scale.
At designation, its 89 km2 (34 sq mi) area incorporated the existing towns of Bletchley, Wolverton and Stony Stratford along with another fifteen villages and farmland in between. It took its name from the existing village of Milton Keynes, a few miles east of the planned centre.
At the 2001 census the population of the Milton Keynes urban area, including the adjacent Newport Pagnell, was 184,506, and that of the wider borough, which has been a unitary authority independent of Buckinghamshire County Council since 1997, was 207,063 (compared with a population of around 53,000 for the same area in 1961). The Borough’s population in 2009 is estimated to be nearly 241,000, with almost all the increase arising in the urban area.
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Norfolk Broads
The Broads are a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The Broads, and some surrounding land, were constituted as a special area with a level of protection similar to a UK National Park by The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act of 1988. The Broads Authority, a Special Statutory Authority responsible for managing the area, became operational in 1989.
The total area is 303 square kilometres (117 sq mi), most of which is in Norfolk, with over 200 kilometres (120 mi) of navigable waterways. There are seven rivers and 63 broads, mostly less than 4 metres (13 ft) deep. Thirteen broads are generally open to navigation, with a further three having navigable channels. Some broads have navigation restrictions imposed on them in autumn and winter.
Although the terms Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are used to identify specific areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is frequently referred to as the "Norfolk Broads". The Broads has the same status as the national parks in England and Wales; the Broads Authority has powers and duties almost identical to the national parks, but is also the third-largest inland navigation authority. Because of its navigation role the Broads Authority was established under its own legislation on 1 April 1989. More recently the Authority wanted to change the name of the area to The Broads National Park in recognition of the fact that the status of the area is equivalent to the rest of the national park family, but was unable to get agreement from all the different parties. The Broads Authority Act 2009, which was promoted through Parliament by the Authority, improves public safety on the water.
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Norfolk Coast AONB
The Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) covers over 450 km2 of coastal and agricultural land from the The Wash in the west through coastal marshes and cliffs to the sand dunes at Winterton in the east.
The area includes; Hunstanton, Wells-next-the-Sea, Blakeney, Blakeney Point, Sheringham, Cromer and Mundesley. The terrain behind the coast is rolling chalk land and glacial moraine, including the almost 300 foot (90m) high Cromer Ridge. East of Weybourne there is severe coastal erosion.
National Nature Reserves in the AONB include the world-famous bird reserves at Cley Marshes and Titchwell. The Winterton Dunes are one of the country's finest dune systems. The Heritage Coast stretch of the AONB is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a candidate Special Area for Conservation (SAC) and a Special Protection Area. The Peddars Way and Norfolk Coast Path National Trail pass through the AONB.
Coordinates: 52°58′N 0°59′E / 52.97°N 0.98°E / 52.97; 0.98
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Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfɨk/ NOR-fək) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. With a population of 242,803 as of the 2010 Census, it is Virginia's second-largest city behind neighboring Virginia Beach.
Norfolk is located at the core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the large natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. It is one of nine cities and seven counties that constitute the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA. The city is bordered to the west by the Elizabeth River and to the north by the Chesapeake Bay. It also shares land borders with the independent cities of Chesapeake to its south and Virginia Beach to its east. One of the oldest of the cities in Hampton Roads, Norfolk is considered to be the historic, urban, financial, and cultural center of the region.
The city has a long history as a strategic military and transportation point. Norfolk Naval Base is the world's largest such base, and the world's largest military alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has its defense headquarters here. The city also has the corporate headquarters of Norfolk Southern Railway, one of North America's principal Class I railroads, and Maersk Line, Limited, who manages the world's largest fleet of US-flag vessels. As the city is bordered by multiple bodies of water, Norfolk has many miles of riverfront and bayfront property. It is linked to its neighbors by an extensive network of Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and bridge-tunnel complexes.
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North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, United Kingdom. Its council is based in Cromer. The council headquarters can be found approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) out of the town of Cromer on the Holt Road.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972. It was a merger of Cromer Urban District, North Walsham Urban District, Sheringham Urban District, Wells-next-the-Sea Urban District, Erpingham Rural District, Smallburgh Rural District, and Walsingham Rural District.
The district was originally to be called Pastonacres, but changed its name by resolution of the council and permission of the Secretary of State for Environment before it formally came into existence on 1 April 1974.
The district is entirely parished, and is made up of 121 civil parishes. At the time of the 2001 census, the district had an area of 994 square kilometres (384 sq mi), with a population of 98,382 in 43,502 households.
The district contains the following civil parishes:
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North Walsham
Coordinates: 52°49′16″N 1°23′13″E / 52.821°N 1.387°E / 52.821; 1.387
North Walsham is a market town and civil parish in Norfolk, England in the North Norfolk district.
The civil parish has an area of 29.3 km2 (11.3 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 11,998. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.
The town is 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Cromer and the same distance north of Wroxham. The county town and city of Norwich is 24 km (15 mi) south. The town is served by North Walsham railway station, on the Bittern Line between Norwich, Cromer and Sheringham. The main road through the town is the A149.
The town is on the North Walsham & Dilham Canal, still privately owned by the North Walsham Canal Company. The canal ran from Antingham Mill, largely following the course of the River Ant to a point below Honing. A short branch canal leaves the main navigation near Honing and terminates at the village of Dilham.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Norwich
Norwich (i/ˈnɒrɪdʒ/ NORR-ij, (also /ˈnɒrɪtʃ/ NORR-ich) is a city on the River Wensum in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom. Until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the capital of England's most populous county and vied with Bristol as England's second city.
The urban area of Norwich has a population of 194,839. This area extends beyond the city boundary, with extensive suburban areas on the western, northern and eastern sides, including Costessey, Hellesdon, Bowthorpe, Old Catton, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. The parliamentary seats cross over into adjacent local government districts. 135,800 (2008 est.) people live in the City of Norwich and the population of the Norwich Travel to Work Area (i.e. the area of Norwich in which most people both live and work) is 367,035 (the 1991 figure was 351,340)[citation needed]. Norwich is the fourth most densely populated local government district within the East of England with 3,480 people per square kilometre (8,993 per square mile).
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Norwich Castle
Norwich Castle is a medieval royal fortification in the city of Norwich, in the English county of Norfolk. It was founded in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of England when William the Conqueror (1066–1087) ordered its construction because he wished to have a fortified place in the important city of Norwich. It proved to be his only castle in East Anglia. It is one of the Norwich 12 heritage sites.
Norwich Castle was founded by William the Conqueror some time between 1066 and 1075. It originally took the form of a motte and bailey. Early in 1067, William the Conqueror embarked on a campaign to subjugate East Anglia, and according to military historian R. Allen Brown it was probably around this time that Norwich Castle was founded. The castle is first mentioned in 1075 when Ralph de Gael, Earl of Norfolk, rebelled against William the Conqueror and Norwich was held by his men. A siege was undertaken, but ended when the garrison secured promises that they would not be harmed. Norwich is one of 48 castles mentioned in the Domesday Survey of 1086. Building a castle in a pre-existing settlement could require demolishing properties on the site. At Norwich, estimates vary that between 17 and 113 houses occupied the site of the castle. Historian Robert Liddiard remarks that "to glance at the urban landscape of Norwich, Durham or Lincoln is to be forcibly reminded of the impact of the Norman invasion". Until the construction of Orford Castle in the mid-12th century under Henry II, Norwich was the only major royal castle in East Anglia.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Old Catton
Coordinates: 52°39′40″N 1°18′08″E / 52.6611°N 1.3023°E / 52.6611; 1.3023
Old Catton is a suburban village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk which lies 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-east of central Norwich. The parish is bounded by the Norwich International Airport at Hellesdon to the west and Sprowston to the east. The northern boundary is with the village of Spixworth while the A1042 road forms the southern boundary. It covers an area of 2.33 km2 (0.90 sq mi) and had a population of 5,954 in 2,512 households as of the 2001 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland. The village is twinned with the French commune of Lavaré.
The name of Catton most likely means farmstead (or Tun) of a man called Catta, a local tribal leader. Another possible explanation was the presence of wild cats in the area - now depicted on the village sign. The settlement was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Until recent times Catton was an agricultural village but following the late 18th and 19th century development of the Catton Park estate several wealthy Norwich families including the Gurneys, Jewsons, Buxtons, Lindleys, Norman and the Tilletts built their houses here.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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RAF Bircham Newton
RAF Bircham Newton was a Royal Air Force airfield in the west of the county of Norfolk in the United Kingdom, eight miles west of Fakenham.
The site was first used during the First World War and received the largest British bomber of the time, the Handley Page V/1500. They would have carried out bombing missions against Berlin but the Armistice was arranged before any missions were actually flown.
The airfield was equipped with one aircraft repair shed and three double bay general service sheds, although these had been demolished by 1937. It had two Belfast hangars, three C Type hangars, three Bellman hangars, and ten Blister hangars.
It operated through the Second World War as part of No. 16 Group RAF as part of Coastal Command. No. 206 Squadron RAF was one of the squadrons being based there, on maritime patrol duties. Two satellite airfields, RAF Docking and RAF Langham were opened to accommodate units.
In 1965 the airfield was used for evaluation trials of the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel V/STOL aircraft.
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Reedham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°33′37″N 1°34′08″E / 52.56018°N 1.56889°E / 52.56018; 1.56889
Reedham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk and within The Broads. It is situated on the north bank of the River Yare, some 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Norwich, 12 km (7.5 mi) south-west of the town of Great Yarmouth and the same distance north-west of the Suffolk town of Lowestoft.
The Romans had a settlement there, and King Edmund of East Anglia is said to have lived here. The Fastolf family, whose most celebrated member was Sir John Fastolf, are recorded here from the thirteenth century.
The civil parish includes a significant area of nearby marshland, together with the famously isolated settlement of Berney Arms. It has an area of 12.45 km2 (4.81 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 925 in 406 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland.
Reedham Ferry, a chain ferry just outside the village, is the only road crossing point on the River Yare between Norwich and Great Yarmouth. The railway line between Norwich and Lowestoft crosses the river on Reedham Swing Bridge. Reedham railway station, which serves the village, gives connections to Norwich, Lowestoft, and Great Yarmouth (via Berney Arms).
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Reepham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°45′43″N 1°06′43″E / 52.762°N 1.112°E / 52.762; 1.112
Reepham (pronounced "Ree-fum") is a small market town in the English county of Norfolk, England, situated on the B1145 road between the Bure and Wensum valleys. The town is 12 miles (19 km) north west of Norwich. As of the 2001 census the civil parish had a population of 2,455 residents in 970 households and covers an area of 1,909 hectares (4,720 acres).
The town is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and is listed as Refham meaning the bailiff's or reeve's manor from the Old English gerafa (bailiff) and ham (homestead). Reepham has had market town status since 1277; a sign to mark this has recently been erected. The town has undergone significant development throughout its life, with the housing in the area showing a mix of vintages, styles and purposes.
Recent housing developments have mostly been on brownfield land so have not significantly expanded the perimeter of the town.
The town has both a secondary school Reepham High School, which achieved the highest grade—Outstanding—in every category in its 2008 Ofsted inspection, and a primary school (containing over 300 pupils).
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River Wensum
The River Wensum is a chalk fed river in Norfolk, England and a tributary of the River Yare despite being the larger of the two rivers. The complete river is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Special Area of Conservation (SAC).
The river receives its name from the Old English adjective wandsum or wendsum, meaning "winding".
The source of the Wensum lies between the villages of Colkirk and Whissonsett in north-west Norfolk. The river flows westward initially, close to the villages of South Raynham, West Raynham and East Raynham, passing Raynham Hall, home of the Marquis Townshend. The Wensum then turns and flows north through a number of small villages until it reaches Sculthorpe, where it turns east through the market town of Fakenham. The river then flows in a south-easterly direction, passing through the Pensthorpe Nature Reserve and the village of Great Ryburgh.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Sandringham House
Sandringham House is a country house on 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England. The house is privately owned by the British Royal Family and is located on the royal Sandringham Estate, which lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The site has been occupied since the Elizabethan era, and, in 1771, architect Cornish Henley cleared the site to build Sandringham Hall. The hall was modified during the 19th century by Charles Spencer Cowper, a stepson of Lord Palmerston, who added an elaborate porch and conservatory, designed by architect Samuel Sanders Teulon.
In 1862, the hall was purchased by Queen Victoria at the request of the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) as a home for himself and his new bride, Alexandra. However, in 1865, two years after moving in, the prince found the hall's size insufficient for his needs, and he commissioned A. J. Humbert to raze the hall and create a larger building.
The resulting red-brick house was completed in late 1870 in a mix of styles. This section incorporated the galleried entrance hall which is used by the royal family for entertaining and family occasions. A new wing was later added to one end of the house in a more traditional style, incorporating a ball room. It was ahead of its time in other ways, with gas lighting, flushing water closets, and an early form of shower. One part of the house was destroyed in a fire during the preparations for Prince Albert Edward's 50th birthday in 1891, and later rebuilt.
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Sandringham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°49′39″N 0°30′52″E / 52.82737°N 0.51437°E / 52.82737; 0.51437
Sandringham is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Norfolk. The village is situated some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the village of Dersingham, 12 km (7.5 mi) north of the town of King's Lynn and 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the city of Norwich.
The civil parish extends westwards from Sandringham itself to the shore of The Wash some 6 km (3.7 mi) distant, and also includes the villages of West Newton and Wolferton. It has an area of 41.91 km2 (16.18 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 402 in 176 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Sandringham is best known as the location of Sandringham House and its associated estate. This is a favoured holiday home of Queen Elizabeth II and several of her predecessors. Near to Sandringham house is the Royal Stud, a stud farm that houses many of the royal horses. The village is also the birthplace of Lady Diana Spencer.
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Sheringham
Coordinates: 52°56′24″N 1°12′47″E / 52.940°N 1.213°E / 52.940; 1.213
Sheringham is a seaside town (population 7,143) in Norfolk, England, west of Cromer.
The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".
Historically, the parish of Sheringham comprised the two villages of Upper Sheringham, a farming community, and Lower Sheringham, which combined farming with fishing.
The fishing industry was at its peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the coming of the railways made it possible for fish to be transported more efficiently to market. Through the 1900s the focus of the fishing, as all along the north Norfolk coast, began to be on crabs, lobsters and whelks. The local fishermen were major suppliers of crabs and lobsters to the London fish markets. Long lining for cod and the catching of herring began to become less important in the second half of the century, as did whelking. Today, from a peak of maybe 200 boats, Sheringham has eight boats operated single-handed.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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South Norfolk
South Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Long Stratton.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Diss Urban District, Wymondham Urban District, Depwade Rural District, Forehoe and Henstead Rural District and Loddon Rural District.
The below table outlines the composition of South Norfolk Council from 1973 to 2007.
2007 saw the Conservatives win 55.1% of the vote and 39 seats in total, gaining 21 seats from the Liberal Democrats, who retained 7 seats despite having 39.2% of the vote. The other parties standing received only 5.7% of the total vote, and no seats.
The strongest local performances from other parties were Labour in Wymondham Rustens ward with 20.1%, and the Green Party in Cringleford ward with 14.4%.
[1] Others: Independents, UKIP and EDP.
Elections are held every four years, with the last elections occurring in May 2007. The next elections are due to take place in May 2011.
The district is entirely parished, and is made up of 119 civil parishes. At the time of the 2001 census, the district had an area of 909 km², with a population of 110,710 in 46,607 households.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Sprowston
Coordinates: 52°39′22″N 1°19′16″E / 52.6561°N 1.3211°E / 52.6561; 1.3211
Sprowston ( /ˈsproʊstən/ or /ˈspraʊstən/) is a small town(population 14,027) bordering Norwich in Norfolk, England. It is bounded by Heartsease to the east, Mousehold Heath and the suburb of New Sprowston to the south (in Norwich), Old Catton to the west, and by the open farmland of Beeston St Andrew to the north.
It was the largest parish in Norfolk and the most populous in Broadland District, before becoming a town in 2011.
Sprowston was recorded (as 'Sprowestuna') in the Domesday Book of 1086. The name is Anglo-Saxon and means 'the settlement belonging to Sprow' and is derived from the OE Sprow and tun (enclosure, settlement or farm)
By 1186 one Manor was held by the Mounteney family, on behalf of Sir Richard de Luci, who kept it for some 250 years, whilst the other, held by the de Sproustons and then the Aslakes, was owned by the Bishop of Norwich. In 1545 the Jermy family granted Mounteney Manor to John Corbet. During Kett's rebellion in 1549 the house was broken into and looted. The army of Robert Kett encamped on nearby Mousehold Heath.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Stalham
Coordinates: 52°46′12″N 1°30′40″E / 52.770°N 1.511°E / 52.770; 1.511
Stalham is a market town and civil parish on the River Ant in the English county of Norfolk, in East Anglia. It covers an area of 7.30 km2 (2.82 sq mi) and had a population of 2,951 in 1,333 households as of the 2001 census. It lies within the Norfolk Broads, about 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Norwich on the A149 road. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of North Norfolk. However, those parts of the parish lying adjacent to the river fall into the executive area of the Broads Authority. The nearest railway station is Worstead.
The 15th-century St Mary's parish church has a rare 15th-century font which has survived because it was buried during the Civil War to prevent its destruction by Oliver Cromwell's forces.
Through the 1960s Stalham suffered from a reduction of the agricultural labour force as a result of improvements in agricultural technology. Beginning in the 1970s, though, housing developments attracted people who took up residence in Stalham but worked elsewhere.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Swaffham
Coordinates: 52°39′10″N 0°41′03″E / 52.652893°N 0.684285°E / 52.652893; 0.684285
Swaffham is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The town is situated 20 km (12 mi) east of King's Lynn and 50 km (31 mi) west of Norwich.
The civil parish has an area of 29.57 km2 (11.42 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.
Its name came from Old English Swǣfa hām = "the homestead of the Swabians"; some of them presumably came with the Angles and Saxons. In the Domesday Book three lords were associated with Swaffham: Walter Giffard, with the largest manor; his tenant Hugh Bolebec, who held all of the Giffard land there; and Aubrey de Vere I, who held a smaller manor at Swaffham which the Domesday jurors said Aubrey had seized without the king's permission. As the Bolebec estates passed into Vere hands through two marriages of Bolebec heiresses to Vere males in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, the two manors were combined and held by the Vere Earls of Oxford for several centuries.
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Swaffham, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°39′10″N 0°41′03″E / 52.652893°N 0.684285°E / 52.652893; 0.684285
Swaffham is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The town is situated 20 km (12 mi) east of King's Lynn and 50 km (31 mi) west of Norwich.
The civil parish has an area of 29.57 km2 (11.42 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.
Its name came from Old English Swǣfa hām = "the homestead of the Swabians"; some of them presumably came with the Angles and Saxons. In the Domesday Book three lords were associated with Swaffham: Walter Giffard, with the largest manor; his tenant Hugh Bolebec, who held all of the Giffard land there; and Aubrey de Vere I, who held a smaller manor at Swaffham which the Domesday jurors said Aubrey had seized without the king's permission. As the Bolebec estates passed into Vere hands through two marriages of Bolebec heiresses to Vere males in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, the two manors were combined and held by the Vere Earls of Oxford for several centuries.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Syderstone
Coordinates: 52°51′36″N 0°43′00″E / 52.85996°N 0.71667°E / 52.85996; 0.71667
Syderstone is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, near the town of Fakenham. It covers an area of 9.94 km2 (3.84 sq mi) and had a population of 532 in 224 households as of the 2001 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Its church, St. Mary's, is one of 124 round-tower churches in Norfolk.
It is famous for the Natterjack Toad which have been seen near the popular but overgrown duck pond. Syderstone is also known for its large common, which spans roughly 4 square miles (10 km2). Much wildlife can be seen there including snakes, hares, rabbits and foxes.
In a field alongside the road that passes the duck pond there is a World War II Home Guard pill box. On a bright spring day in 1944 or 1945 two P-51 Mustangs collided over Barwick Hall Farm near Stanhoe. One of the Mustangs crashed on Syderstone Common, killing the pilot.
http://stanhoe.org/history/memories/crashes
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The Broads
The Broads are a network of mostly navigable rivers and lakes in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The Broads, and some surrounding land, were constituted as a special area with a level of protection similar to a UK National Park by The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act of 1988. The Broads Authority, a Special Statutory Authority responsible for managing the area, became operational in 1989.
The total area is 303 square kilometres (117 sq mi), most of which is in Norfolk, with over 200 kilometres (120 mi) of navigable waterways. There are seven rivers and 63 broads, mostly less than 4 metres (13 ft) deep. Thirteen broads are generally open to navigation, with a further three having navigable channels. Some broads have navigation restrictions imposed on them in autumn and winter.
Although the terms Norfolk Broads and Suffolk Broads are used to identify specific areas within the two counties respectively, the whole area is frequently referred to as the "Norfolk Broads". The Broads has the same status as the national parks in England and Wales; the Broads Authority has powers and duties almost identical to the national parks, but is also the third-largest inland navigation authority. Because of its navigation role the Broads Authority was established under its own legislation on 1 April 1989. More recently the Authority wanted to change the name of the area to The Broads National Park in recognition of the fact that the status of the area is equivalent to the rest of the national park family, but was unable to get agreement from all the different parties. The Broads Authority Act 2009, which was promoted through Parliament by the Authority, improves public safety on the water.
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The Wash
The Wash is the square-mouthed bay and estuary on the northwest margin of East Anglia on the east coast of England, where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire. It is among the largest estuaries in the United Kingdom. It is fed by the Rivers Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse.
The Wash shows as a large indentation in the coastline of the map of Eastern England, separating the curved coast of East Anglia from Lincolnshire. It is formed by a large bay with three roughly straight sides meeting at right angles, each about 15 miles (25 km) in length. The eastern coast of the Wash is entirely within Norfolk, and extends from a point a little north of Hunstanton in the north to the mouth of the River Great Ouse at King's Lynn in the south. The opposing coast, which is roughly parallel to the east coast, runs from Gibraltar Point to the mouth of the River Welland, all within Lincolnshire. The southern coast runs roughly northwest-southeast, connects these two river mouths and is punctuated by the mouth of a third river, the River Nene.
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Thetford
Coordinates: 52°25′N 0°44′E / 52.41°N 0.74°E / 52.41; 0.74
Thetford is a market town and civil parish in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England. It is on the A11 road between Norwich and London, just south of Thetford Forest. The civil parish, covering an area of 29.55 km2 (11.41 sq mi), has a population of 21,588.
Thetford is traditionally thought of as the royal residence of Boudica[citation needed] Queen of the Iceni. The Iceni were a Celtic tribe living in Norfolk and parts of Cambridgeshire. Archaeological evidence suggests that Thetford was an important tribal centre during the late Iron Age and early Roman period. A ceremonial 'grove' was uncovered there during excavations. In 1979, a hoard of Romano-British metalwork, known as the Thetford treasure was located just outside of Thetford. Dating from the mid-4th Century AD, this hoard is a collection of thirty three inscribed spoons, twenty gold finger rings, four pendants, several necklaces and a 2" gold buckle depicting a dancing satyr. They are currently on display and under curation at the British Museum.
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Thetford, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°25′N 0°44′E / 52.41°N 0.74°E / 52.41; 0.74
Thetford is a market town and civil parish in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England. It is on the A11 road between Norwich and London, just south of Thetford Forest. The civil parish, covering an area of 29.55 km2 (11.41 sq mi), has a population of 21,588.
Thetford is traditionally thought of as the royal residence of Boudica[citation needed] Queen of the Iceni. The Iceni were a Celtic tribe living in Norfolk and parts of Cambridgeshire. Archaeological evidence suggests that Thetford was an important tribal centre during the late Iron Age and early Roman period. A ceremonial 'grove' was uncovered there during excavations. In 1979, a hoard of Romano-British metalwork, known as the Thetford treasure was located just outside of Thetford. Dating from the mid-4th Century AD, this hoard is a collection of thirty three inscribed spoons, twenty gold finger rings, four pendants, several necklaces and a 2" gold buckle depicting a dancing satyr. They are currently on display and under curation at the British Museum.
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Thorpe St Andrew
Coordinates: 52°38′08″N 1°20′35″E / 52.63545°N 1.3431°E / 52.63545; 1.3431
Thorpe St Andrew is a small town and suburb of Norwich in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated about two miles east of the city centre, outside the city boundary in the district of Broadland. It constitutes a civil parish covering an area of 705 ha (1,740 acres) which had a population of 13,762 according to the 2001 census. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Broadland district council.
Thorpe is in the Domesday Book, in which it is spelt ‘Torp’, which is a Scandinavian word meaning village (see Thorp). It is thought that the Danes were in East Anglia as early as 870 AD and in 1004 Sweyn and his ships came up the river to Norwich.
There is also evidence that Thorpe was occupied by the Romans with the discovery of various remains. The earliest references found that relate to the parish are under the names of ‘Thorpe Episcopi’ and ‘Thorpe-next-Norwich’. In later years it has been known as ‘Thorpe St Andrew’.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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Watton, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°34′17″N 0°49′33″E / 52.57127°N 0.82586°E / 52.57127; 0.82586
Watton is a market town in the district of Breckland within the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the crossroads of the A1075 Dereham-Thetford road and the B1108 Brandon-Norwich Road, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Norwich. The civil parish covers an area of 7.2 km2 (2.8 sq mi) with about 6,800 inhabitants in 3,000 households. The Domesday Book records that Watton (or Wadetuna) featured a church, manor house and Anglo-Saxon settlement.
In 1984 Watton was twinned with the Lower Rhine (Niederrhein) town of Weeze, Germany, with the subsequent twinning charter being formally signed in 1987.
A market is currently held every Wednesday, between 0900 and 1300 although stalls are often seen on the high street well after this time. Like many Norfolk markets Watton market always has a wide variety of fresh sea produce available usually caught the previous day, and often has available such regional delicacies as samphire and fresh water crayfish. The Lord of Watton Hall, John de Vaux, obtained a charter for a market to be held on Fridays. However the people of nearby Saham Toney complained to the King that the market was harming their own held on the same day. Their complaints were upheld and the charter was withdrawn. John de Vaux conveyed the manor to his brother Oliver, who was evidently on better terms with the King since he immediately obtained a new charter for a Wednesday market. The market centred on Market Square in front of Wayland Hall, and as it grew it spread westwards along High Street. A market cross stood in the square supported by eight oak pillars. This cross was demolished in 1820 and replaced by a milestone showing the distances to neighbouring towns.
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Waxham
Coordinates: 52°46′44″N 1°36′54″E / 52.7788°N 1.6151°E / 52.7788; 1.6151
Waxham is a small village in Norfolk in eastern England. It lies on the north-east coast of the county in Sea Palling parish. Buildings in the village include Waxham Hall, the 14th-century St. John's Church and the 16th-century Waxham Barn. One of the largest barns in the county, it has recently been restored and opened to the public. The village has an extensive sandy beach backed by dunes.
Many migrant birds pass through the area in spring and autumn and Common Cranes feed in fields near the village.
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Wells-next-the-Sea
Coordinates: 52°57′N 0°51′E / 52.95°N 0.85°E / 52.95; 0.85
Wells-next-the-Sea, known locally simply as Wells, is a town, civil parish and seaport situated on the North Norfolk coast in England.
The civil parish has an area of 16.31 km2 (6.30 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 2,451 in 1,205 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk, within the Norfolk Coast AONB.
Wells is situated about 15 miles (24 km) to the east of the resort of Hunstanton, 20 miles (32 km) to the west of Cromer, and 10 miles (16 km) north of Fakenham. The city of Norwich lies 32 miles (51 km) to the south-east. Nearby villages include Blakeney (famous for its bird sanctuary), Burnham Market, Burnham Thorpe (the birthplace of Horatio Nelson), Holkham (with its famous stately home Holkham Hall), and Walsingham (a major medieval pilgrimage site).
The name is Guella in the Domesday Book (half gallicised, half Latinised from Anglian Wella, a spring). This derives from spring wells of which Wells used to have many, rising through the chalk of the area. The town started to be known as Wells-next-the-Sea in the early 19th century to distinguish it from other places of the same name. When the Wells and Fakenham Railway was opened on 1 December 1857, the terminus was given the name of "Wells-on-Sea". In 1956 the Wells Urban District Council voted to (re-)adopt the name Wells-next-the-Sea, and this has been the official name since then.
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Wessex
The Kingdom of Wessex ( /ˈwɛsɨks/) or Kingdom of the West Saxons (Old English: Westseaxna rīce) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons in South West England, from the 6th century until the emergence of a united English state under the Wessex dynasty in the 10th century. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest of 1016, from 1020 to 1066. After the Norman Conquest there was a dissolution of the English earldoms and Wessex was split among the followers of William the Conqueror.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Weybourne, Norfolk
Coordinates: 52°56′31″N 1°08′17″E / 52.942°N 1.138°E / 52.942; 1.138
Weybourne is a fishing resort on the North Norfolk (UK) and has the postcode prefix of NR25. The village straddles the A149 coast road and is three miles west of Sheringham, within the Norfolk Coast AONB. Weybourne is mentioned in the Domesday book and in that survey it is called Wabrume. There are remains of an old Augustinian priory founded around 1200 AD on the site of a simpler Saxon church by Sir Ralph de Meyngaren (Mainwearing). By 1494 only a prior and three canons lived there. One canon complained that the priory was so poor it was unable to pay him his 20 shillings of annual pocket money. At another visitation in 1514 there was only a prior and one canon and this remained until King Henry VIII ordered the dissolution of monasteries and priories.
The village is surrounded by well-ordered arable fields, woodland and heathland. The area is excellent for walking, enjoying the countryside and coast. There are opportunities to see wildlife and bird-watching is very popular.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Wymondham
Coordinates: 52°34′12″N 1°06′58″E / 52.570°N 1.116°E / 52.570; 1.116
Wymondham ( /ˈwɪndəm/) is a historic market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It lies 9.5 miles (15 km) to the south west of the city of Norwich, on the A11 road to Thetford and London.
Wymondham's most famous inhabitant was Robert Kett (or Ket), who in 1549 led a rebellion of peasants and small farmers who were protesting the enclosure of common land. He took a force of almost unarmed men, and fought for and held the City of Norwich for six weeks until defeated by the King's forces. He was hanged from Norwich Castle. Kett's Oak, said to be the rallying point for the rebellion, may still be seen today on the B1172 road between Wymondham and Hethersett.
The Great Fire of Wymondham broke out on Sunday 11 June 1615. Two areas of the town were affected implying there were two separate fires. One area was in Vicar Street and Middleton Street and the other in the Market Place, including Bridewell Street and Fairland Street. About 300 properties were destroyed in the fire. Important buildings destroyed included the Market Cross, dating from 1286; the vicarage in Vicar Street; the 'Town Hall' on the corner of Middleton Street and Vicar Street; and the schoolhouse. However, many buildings such as the Green Dragon pub did survive and many of the houses in Damgate Street date back to 1400, although this is now masked by later brickwork.
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincolni/ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator in the 1830s, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives in the 1840s. After a series of debates in 1858 that gave national visibility to his opposition to the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost a Senate race to his arch-rival Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party nomination. With almost no support in the South he swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election was the signal for seven southern slave states to declare their secession from the Union and form the Confederate States of America. The departure of the Southerners gave Lincoln's party firm control of Congress, but no formula for compromise or reconciliation was found. And the war came.
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Alan Partridge
Alan Gordon Partridge OBE (Honour Removed) is a fictional radio and television presenter portrayed by English comedian Steve Coogan and invented by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Stewart Lee and Richard Herring for the BBC Radio 4 programme On The Hour. A parody of both sports commentators and chat show presenters, among others, the character has appeared in two radio series, three television series and numerous TV and radio specials, including appearances on BBC's Comic Relief, which have followed the rise and fall of his career.
Whereas many of his personality defects are apparent in his appearances in shows such as The Day Today and Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, it is largely from I'm Alan Partridge onwards that his creators began to explore his personality in depth, and most of the observations that follow originated in that show.
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Allan Smethurst
Allan Francis Smethurst (19 November 1927 – 24 December 2000), aka The Singing Postman was an English folk singer and postman. He is best known for his self-penned novelty song, "Hev Yew Gotta Loight, Boy?", which earned him a Ivor Novello Award in 1966, and "I Miss My Miss from Diss".
Born in Walshaw, Lancashire, England, the son of Allan and Gladys Mabel (née Curson), Smethurst was raised in Sheringham, Norfolk. His mother came from the nearby village of Stiffkey. He later became a postman in Grimsby.
Smethurst hummed tunes on his daily post round for twelve years, writing and singing songs in his native Norfolk dialect. An audition tape sent to a BBC regional radio programme earned him a spot on Ralph Tuck's local radio show, and Tuck recorded Smethurst on his own record label, "The Smallest Recording Organisation in the World" based in Lowestoft. A four track EP made the EP charts in 1965 and, after another EP release by Ralph Tuck, and an album The Singing Postman's Year, he was signed to EMI who re-released earlier songs and recorded new items. He made numerous live and promotional performances, including on Top of the Pops, but was afflicted by nerves and stage fright.
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Angles
The Angles is a modern English term for a Germanic people who took their name from the ancestral cultural region of Angeln, a district located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England".
The name of the Angles is first recorded in Latinized form, as Anglii, in the Germania of Tacitus. The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word *anguz meaning "narrow" (of an estuary) or "angular" (of the shape of the Jutland peninsula).
Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word. The country remained Anglia in Latin. King Alfred's (Alfred the Great) translation of Orosius' history of the world uses Angelcynn (-kin) to describe England and the English people; Bede used Angelfolc (-folk); there are also such forms as Engel, Englan (the people), Englaland, and Englisc, all showing i-mutation.
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Anna Sewell
Anna Sewell (30 March 1820 – 25 April 1878) was an English novelist, best known as the author of the classic novel Black Beauty.
Anna Mary Sewell was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England into a devoutly Quaker family. Her father was Isaac Phillip Sewell (1793–1879), and her mother, Mary Wright Sewell (1798–1884) was a successful author of children's books. She had one sibling, a younger brother named Philip and was largely educated at home.
At the age of twelve, the family moved to Stoke Newington, where Sewell attended school for the first time. Two years later, however, she slipped while walking home from school and severely injured both of her ankles. Her father took a job in Brighton in 1836, in the hope that the climate there would help to cure her. Despite this, and most likely because of mistreatment of her injury, for the rest of her life Anna was unable to stand without a crutch or to walk for any length of time. For greater mobility, she frequently used horse-drawn carriages, which contributed to her love of horses and concern for the humane treatment of animals.
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Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, generally considered a milestone in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859 at 11 Picardy Place, Edinburgh, Scotland. His father, Charles Altamont Doyle, was English of Irish descent, and his mother, born Mary Foley, was Irish. They married in 1855. In 1864 the family dispersed due to Charles's growing alcoholism and the children were temporarily housed across Edinburgh. In 1867, the family came together again and lived in the squalid tenement flats at 3 Sciennes Place.
Although he is now referred to as "Conan Doyle", the origin of this compound surname is uncertain. The entry in which his baptism is recorded in the register of St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh gives "Arthur Ignatius Conan" as his Christian name, and simply "Doyle" as his surname. It also names Michael Conan as his godfather.
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Barry Pinches
Barry Pinches (born 13 July 1970 in Catton, Norwich) is an English professional snooker player, recognisable for his bright and flamboyant waistcoats, which usually feature the yellow and green colours of Norwich City F.C.. He is a former top 32 player and ranking-event quarter-finalist. He has compiled over 100 century breaks in his career, becoming the 33rd player to have compiled at least a century of centuries.
He won the English Amateur Championship in 1988, enabling him to turn professional in 1989. He is coached by Stephen Feeney.
After a largely unsuccessful start to his career, he hit good form for a while in the 2000s. He defeated Jimmy White 10–8 in the 2004 World Championship, in a match which over-ran and had to be completed after other matches, then led Stephen Hendry 11–9 before losing 12–13 and has lost in the first round twice more – the 13-year gap between his first two Crucible appearances (1991–2004) is an all-time record. In his first appearance at the Crucible, in 1991 he lost 3–10 to Terry Griffiths. His best ranking tournament run to date, was in the 2003 UK Championship, where he reached the quarter-finals with victories over Marco Fu, Graeme Dott and Stephen Lee, before Stephen Hendry ended his run.
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Beth Orton
Beth Orton (born Elizabeth Caroline Orton, 14 December 1970) is a BRIT Award–winning English singer-songwriter, known for her 'folktronica' sound, which mixes elements of folk and electronica. She was initially recognised for her collaborations with William Orbit and the Chemical Brothers in the mid 1990s. However, these were not Orton's first recordings. She had released a solo album, Superpinkymandy, in 1993. Since the album was only released in Japan, it went largely unnoticed by international audiences. Her second solo album, Trailer Park, garnered much critical acclaim in 1996. Orton developed a devoted audience with the release of the albums Central Reservation (1999) and the 2002 UK top 10 album, Daybreaker. In her 2006 release, Comfort of Strangers, she moved towards a more folk-based sound and away from the electronic sound of her past albums.
American films and television programmes such as Felicity, How to Deal, Charmed, Dawson's Creek, Vanilla Sky and Grey's Anatomy have featured her music and provided her with exposure to a more mainstream American audience.
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Bill Bryson
William McGuire "Bill" Bryson, OBE, (born December 8, 1951) is a best-selling American author of humorous books on travel, as well as books on the English language and on science. Born an American, he was a resident of Britain for most of his adult life before returning to the US in 1995. In 2003 Bryson moved back to Britain, living in the old rectory of Wramplingham, Norfolk, and was appointed Chancellor of Durham University.
Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines, Iowa, the son of William and Mary Bryson. (In 2006 Bryson published The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid, a humorous account of his childhood years in Des Moines.) His mother was of Irish stock. He has an older brother, Michael and a sister, Mary Jane Elizabeth.
Bryson attended Drake University for two years before dropping out in 1972, deciding to instead backpack around Europe for four months. He returned to Europe the following year with a high school friend, the pseudonymous Stephen Katz. Some of his experiences from this trip are relived as flashbacks in Neither Here Nor There: Travels in Europe, which documents a similar journey Bryson made twenty years later.
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Bill Edrich
William John "Bill" Edrich DFC (26 March 1916 – 24 April 1986) was a distinguished cricketer who played for Middlesex, MCC, Norfolk and England.
Edrich's three brothers, Brian, Eric and Geoff, and also his cousin, John, all played first-class cricket. Locally in Norfolk the Edriches were able to raise a full team of eleven.
Born in Lingwood, Norfolk, Bill Edrich was an attacking right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler. Playing first for Norfolk in the Minor Counties at the age of 16, he qualified for Middlesex in 1937 and was an instant success, scoring more than 2,000 runs in his first full season. The following year, 1938, he scored 1,000 runs before the end of May and made the first of 39 Test match appearances, though with little success. In fact, Edrich achieved almost nothing in Tests until the final "Timeless Test" of the 1938-39 tour to South Africa at Durban, where his 219 enabled England to reach 654 for five wickets, at which point the Test was left drawn to enable the tourists to catch their ship home.
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Bob Neill
Robert James MacGillivray "Bob" Neill (born 24 June 1952) is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bromley and Chislehurst since a by-election on 29 June 2006. He has served as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Communities and Local Government since 14 May 2010
Neill attended Abbs Cross Technical High School, Abbs Cross Lane, Hornchurch, and took a degree at the London School of Economics. He was later a councillor in the London Borough of Havering, served as Greater London Council member for Romford 1985-86. He previously stood for the Dagenham parliamentary constituency in 1983, at the age of 30, coming within 2,997 votes of winning the historically Labour seat from Bryan Gould MP. He also stood for election in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in 1994 and 1998.
Neill was first elected to the London Assembly in the 2000 assembly election, and served as the Conservative member for Bexley and Bromley from 2000 until 2008. He served as Leader of the Conservative Group on the Assembly from 2000 to 2002 and again from 2004.
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Boudica
Boudica ( /ˈbuːdɨkə/; alternative spelling: Boudicca), also known as Boadicea /boʊdɨˈsiːə/ and known in Welsh as Buddug [ˈbɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡ] (d. AD 60 or 61) was queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will. However, when he died, his will was ignored — the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
In AD 60 or 61, while the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was leading a campaign on the island of Anglesey in northern Wales, Boudica led the Iceni people, along with the Trinovantes and others, in revolt. They destroyed Camulodunum (modern Colchester), formerly the capital of the Trinovantes, but now a colonia (a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers) and the site of a temple to the former emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local expense. They also routed a Roman legion, the IX Hispana, sent to relieve the settlement.
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Brandon Lewis
Brandon Kenneth Lewis (born 20 June 1971) is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Great Yarmouth. He was elected at the 2010 general election.
Brandon Lewis was born on 20 June 1971 in Harold Wood, and educated at Forest School. He received a degree in economics from the University of Buckingham, an LLB in Law from Buckingham, and an LLM with Merit from King's College London. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple and is a qualified barrister and is a company director.
He spent time in his childhood in Great Yarmouth because of his father's work commitments, who owned a local confectionary business. He would later stand as the Conservative Prospective Member of Parliament for the town.
Brandon Lewis became a Borough Councillor in May 1998 for Hutton South on Brentwood Borough Council, and later became Conservative Group leader in 2002.
Under Brandon's leadership the Conservatives took control of Brentwood Borough Council in June 2004 following 12 years of Liberal Democrat control, in doing so he took the total number of Conservative councillors from 8 to 21. As a result Brandon, as leader of the largest political group was elected Leader of the Council on 23 June 2004.
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Brian Edrich
Brian Robert Edrich (18 August 1922 – 31 May 2009) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed middle-order batsman and a right-arm off break bowler. He also acted as assistant coach of Glamorgan. Born in Cantley, Norfolk, he died at Padstow in Cornwall, aged 86.
He was cricket coach at St Edward's School, Oxford.
His three brothers, Eric, Geoff and Bill, and his cousin, John, all played first-class cricket.
Edrich played 181 first-class matches for Kent and Glamorgan between 1947 and 1956, scoring 5,529 runs. He later played for Norfolk, Oxfordshire and the Minor Counties between 1957 and 1970.
His most prolific season was 1951, in which he passed 1,000 runs for the only time in his career, finishing with 1,267, including two hundreds and seven fifties. His highest score in first-class cricket was 193 not out, made in 1949 against Sussex. During the innings, he shared a record partnership of 161 with Fred Ridgway for the ninth wicket. This score, however – 51% of the total of 379 – was made in a losing cause. In the same season, he had his best bowling return, 7/41 in the first innings against Hampshire, dismissing seven of the top eight batsmen, a match Kent won by just 26 runs. As a bowler, his role was mostly a supporting one,[citation needed] as he never achieved 50 wickets in a season, his best being 49, also in 1951.
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Caroline Flack
Caroline Louise Flack is an English television presenter, known for presenting I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! from 2008 to 2010.
On 31 May 2011, it was confirmed that Flack would be co-presenting the eighth series of The Xtra Factor alongside Olly Murs, and would not be returning to present the 2011 series of 'Get Me Out of Here! NOW!.
Flack got her first television break on the sketch show Bo' Selecta! in 2002. She then went on to present the International Pepsi Chart Show, before moving to Channel 4 where, in 2005, she presented links between videos on E4 Music and co-presented The Games: Live At Trackside on E4 alongside Justin Lee Collins. She also had a regular segment in the video games show When Games Attack in 2005. A year later, she was a co-presenter on the Saturday morning show TMi alongside Sam and Mark which aired on BBC Two and the CBBC Channel. Subsequently she hosted CBBC show Escape from Scorpion Island together with Reggie Yates.
In March 2007, Flack hosted the CBBC coverage of Comic Relief does Fame Academy. She commentated on the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with Paddy O' Connell. Flack also hosted Big Brother's Big Mouth for Week 5 of the 2008 series. Daily Mirror journalist Rob Leigh noted that "her sharp delivery makes her the best presenter they’ve had on this series". However, this was not the first time that she was linked to Big Brother. Before the series started, it had been reported that Caroline was Dermot O'Leary's replacement on Big Brother's Little Brother.
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Cathy Dennis
Cathy Dennis (born Catherine Roseanne Dennis, 25 March 1969) is a British singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. After a moderately successful international solo career, Dennis later received great success as a writer of pop songs, scoring 8 UK number ones and winning five Ivor Novello Awards.
In 2004, Dennis was listed 66th in the Q Magazine list of the top 100 most influential people in music and in 2006 she won the UK music industry's Woman of the Year Award.
Educated at Taverham high school, as a teenager she was spotted recording Stevie Wonder-influenced demos at The Kitchen in Norwich with her father (himself an experienced musician and local restaurateur) on piano. At the time she was working for Norwich Union. Simon Fuller signed her to his 19 Management company (with whom she is still signed) and to label Polydor at aged 17, and this began a career-long association with the impresario that has seen Dennis provide songs for many Fuller-related artists and projects.
Dennis achieved her first success as a vocalist with D Mob, when their single "C'mon and Get My Love" reached #15 in the UK Singles Chart and #10 in the Billboard Hot 100 in 1989. It is regarded as an underground classic in the dance music field, and a second collaboration with D Mob, "That's the Way of the World" (not to be confused with the hit song by Earth, Wind & Fire of the same name), was also a major dance hit. It was followed by Dennis' debut album, Move to This.
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Charles Clarke
Charles Rodway Clarke (born 21 September 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich South from 1997 until 2010, and served as Home Secretary from December 2004 until May 2006.
The son of Civil Service Permanent Secretary Sir Richard Clarke, Charles Clarke was born in London. He attended the fee-paying Highgate School where he was Head Boy. He then read Mathematics and Economics at King's College, Cambridge, where he also served as the President of the Cambridge Students' Union. A member of the Broad Left faction, he was President of the National Union of Students from 1975 to 1977. Clarke had joined the Labour Party by then and was active in the Clause Four group. Clarke was the British representative on the Permanent Commission for the World Youth Festival (Cuba) from 1977 to 1978
He was elected as a local councillor in the London Borough of Hackney, being Chair of its Housing Committee and Vice-Chair of economic development from 1980 to 1986. He worked as a researcher, and later Chief of Staff, for Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock from February 1981 to 1992. His long association with Kinnock and with the general election defeat in 1992 was expected to handicap him in his career. But Clarke bounced back. He spent the mid-1990s away from national politics, working in the private sector - from 1992 to 1997, he was chief executive of Quality Public Affairs, a public affairs management consultancy - and subsequently emerged as a high flyer under the Labour leadership of Tony Blair.
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Chloe Smith
Chloe Rebecca Smith (born 17 May 1982) is a British politician and the Conservative Member of Parliament for Norwich North. She was elected to the seat in a by-election on 23 July 2009 following the resignation of Labour MP Ian Gibson after the MPs' expenses scandal.
Born in Ashford, Kent, she was aged 3 when her family moved to Norfolk. Growing up in Stoke Ferry, Smith attended comprehensive schools in Swaffham and Methwold, and after a gap-year working for former Conservative Education Secretary Gillian Shephard, went up to the University of York where she read English literature. She undertook summer work for Bernard Jenkin.
After York University she joined Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, where she advised private businesses, government departments and public bodies.
In 2007 Smith was chosen to be the Conservative candidate for the constituency of Norwich North in the General Election. She then took leave from her job, working for Conservative Central Office on secondment, bringing her business skills to help the Party "draw up detailed plans to put our policies into practice."
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Claire Goose
Claire Goose (born 10 February 1975) is a British actress. She is known for her portrayals of nurse Tina Seabrook in the BBC television drama Casualty and later as DS Mel Silver in Waking the Dead.
Goose was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and grew up in Dersingham, Norfolk, England.[citation needed] She was educated at Wisbech Grammar School, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire.[citation needed] Her father was a GP in Dersingham. Goose has an elder sister, Caroline, a nursery nurse and an elder brother, Duncan, an entrepreneur who started up the "one water" company where all the profits go to the roundabout playpumps in Africa. She is a graduate of the Italia Conti Academy stage school.
Early theatre roles included Addicted to Love, and Hitting Home with Colin Tarrant at the Man in the Moon Theatre, written by James Woolf and directed by Dave Gillies. She also appeared in early adverts for Impulse women's body spray.
She became well known in the UK in the late 1990s for her role as nurse Tina Seabrook in Casualty. Goose later played Inspector Rachel Weston in ITV's The Bill, following Gillian Taylforth's departure from the programme in August 2008. Claire's debut on the show was on 6 August.
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Danes
Danish people or Danes are the nation and ethnic group that is native to Denmark, and who speak Danish.
The first mention of Danes within the Danish territory is on the Jelling Rune Stone which mentions how Harald Bluetooth converted the Danes to Christianity in the 10th century. Denmark has been continuously inhabited since this period and although much cultural and ethnic influence and immigration from all over the world has entered Denmark since then, Danes tend to see themselves as ethnic descendents of the early Danes mentioned in the sources.
Since the formulation of a Danish national identity in the 19th century the defining criteria for being Danish has been speaking the Danish language and identifying with Denmark as a homeland. Danish national identity was built on a basis of peasant culture and Lutheran theology, theologian N. F. S. Grundtvig and his popular movement played a prominent part in the process.
Today the main criterion for being considered a Dane is having Danish citizenship, although also people with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity, living outside of Denmark such as emigrants, descendants of emigrants or members of the Danish ethnic minority in Southern Schleswig, can be considered Danes under a wider definition taking into consideration cultural self-identification.
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Dave Bussey
Dave Bussey (born 4 October 1952 in Drayton, Norfolk), is a British radio DJ who, until March 2008, presented The Dave Bussey Show on BBC Radio Lincolnshire.
He grew up in Norwich, attending a secondary modern school. He joined the Royal Navy, becoming an electrician on nuclear submarines.
Bussey started his career on Radio Tay, one show he presented was The Sunday Challenge. He was once a weekend presenter on BBC Radio 2.
He left BBC Radio Lincolnshire in March 2008. A spokesman for the BBC said: "There have been no compulsory redundancies at Radio Lincolnshire but some presenters are leaving the station as part of a wide-ranging package of scheduling changes." He is currently broadcasting and helping with training at volunteer community radio station Siren FM at the University of Lincoln, teaching media skills in schools.
Bussey lives in rural Lincolnshire (in Willingham By Stow) and plays in local golf matches.
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Delia Smith
Delia Smith CBE (born 18 June 1941) is an English cook and television presenter, known for teaching basic cookery skills in a no-nonsense style. She is the UK's best-selling cookery author, with more than 21 million copies sold.
Smith is also famous for her role as joint majority shareholder at Norwich City F.C. Her partner in the shareholding is her husband, Michael Wynn-Jones. Her role at the club has attracted varying media attention, from positive when she "saved" the club from bankruptcy, to negative, when making a controversial on-pitch announcement in 2005.
Already an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), Smith was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours, "in recognition of ... [her] contribution to television cookery and recipe writing".
Born to a Welsh mother in Woking, Surrey, Smith attended Bexleyheath School, leaving at the age of 16 without a single O-level. Her first job was as a hairdresser, and she also worked as a shop assistant and in a travel agency before starting her career in cookery. When Delia was 16, her boyfriend often complimented her, saying how good her food was. This was the nudge forward that made Delia take that step into cookery. At 21, she started work in a tiny restaurant in Paddington called The Singing Chef. She started as a washer-upper, then moved on to waitressing, and then was allowed to help with the cooking. She started reading English cookery books in the Reading Room at the British Museum, trying out the recipes on a Harley Street family with whom she was living at the time.
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Edith Cavell
Edith Louisa Cavell ( /ˈkævəl/; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse and patriot. She is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from all sides without distinction and in helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during World War I, for which she was arrested. She was subsequently court-martialled, found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Despite international pressure for mercy, she was shot by a German firing squad. Her execution received worldwide condemnation and extensive press coverage.
She is well known for her statement that "patriotism is not enough." Her strong Anglican beliefs propelled her to help all those who needed it, both German and Allied soldiers. She was quoted as saying, "I can’t stop while there are lives to be saved". Cavell was also an influential pioneer of modern nursing in Belgium.
Edith Cavell was born on 4 December 1865 in Swardeston, a village near Norwich, where her father, the Reverend Frederick Cavell, was vicar for 45 years. She was the eldest of four children and was taught to always share with the less fortunate, despite her family’s meagre earnings. After a period as a governess, including for a family in Brussels 1900 -1905, she trained as a nurse at the London Hospital under Matron Eva Luckes. In 1907, Cavell was recruited by Dr. Antoine Depage to be matron of a newly established nursing school by the name of L'École Belge d’Infirmières Diplômées on the Rue de la Culture in Brussels. By 1910, "Miss Cavell 'felt that the profession of nursing had gained sufficient foothold in Belgium to warrant the publishing of a professional journal,' and therefore launched the nursing journal, L'infirmière. A year later, she was a training nurse for three hospitals, 24 schools, and 13 kindergartens in Belgium.
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Edmund the Martyr
Edmund the Martyr (Old English: Eadmund, ēad, "prosperity", "riches"; and mund, "protector"); also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia (died 20 November 869) was king of East Anglia from about 855 until his death.
Almost nothing is known of Edmund. He is thought to be of East Anglian origin and was first mentioned in an annal of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, written some years after his death. His kingdom was devastated by the Vikings, who destroyed any contemporary evidence of his reign. Later writers produced fictitious accounts of his life, asserting that he was born in 841, the son of Æthelweard, an obscure East Anglian king, whom it was said he succeeded when he was fourteen (or alternatively that he was the youngest son of a Germanic king named 'Alcmund'). Later versions of his life relate that he was crowned on 25 December 855 at Burna, an unidentified location, and that he became a model king.
In 869, the Great Heathen Army advanced on East Anglia and killed Edmund. He may have been slain by the Danes in battle, but by tradition he met his death at an unidentified place known as Haegelisdun, after he refused the Danes' demand that he renounce Christ: the Danes beat him, shot him with arrows and then beheaded him, on the orders of Ivar the Boneless and his brother Ubbe Ragnarsson. According to one legend, his head was then thrown into the forest, but was found safe by searchers after following the cries of a wolf that was calling, "Hic, Hic, Hic" – 'Here, Here, Here'. Commentators have noted how Edmund's death bears resemblances to the fate suffered by Saint Sebastian, St Denis and St Mary of Egypt.
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Elizabeth Truss
Elizabeth Mary Truss (born 26 July 1975), also known as Liz Truss, is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for South West Norfolk since the 2010 general election.
She is the daughter of a professor with an interest in mathematical logic, being raised in a left-wing household, "My mum was in the CND",
She attended Roundhay School in north-east Leeds, a comprehensive school. She read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Merton College, Oxford. Truss was President of Oxford University Liberal Democrats and expressed anti-monarchist sentiments at the 1994 Liberal Democrats conference. After working for Shell and Cable & Wireless, she became the deputy director of Reform in January 2008, where she co-authored "The value of mathematics", and "A new level" amongst other reports.
She was elected as a councillor in the London Borough of Greenwich in 2006, standing down in 2010, shortly before the end of her term of office.
She had previously unsuccessfully fought the parliamentary seats of Hemsworth in 2001 and Calder Valley in 2005. Shortly after her selection for the Norfolk seat, revelations about her private life were revived which led Norfolk's so called 'Turnip Taliban' to insist her candidature should be terminated, but a motion proposed by members of the constituency association, who also felt an 'A' list candidate had been imposed on them, was defeated.
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Eric Edrich
Eric Harry Edrich (27 March 1914 - 9 July 1993) was an English cricketer. Born in Lingwood, Norfolk, Edrich played in 36 first-class matches for Lancashire as a wicketkeeper between 1946 and 1948, before becoming a farmer. His three brothers, Brian, Geoff and Bill, and also his cousin, John Edrich, all played first-class cricket.
He died in Wistow, Cambridgeshire aged 79.
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Francis Blomefield
Francis Blomefield (23 July 1705 – 16 January 1752) was an English antiquary, who projected a county history of Norfolk. During his lifetime, he compiled and published detailed accounts of the city of Norwich, Borough of Thetford and the southern hundreds of the county, but died before the whole work could be completed.
Francis Blomefield was born in the village of Fersfield in south Norfolk, the eldest son of Henry and Alice Blomefield, who were yeomen farmers. He was educated at Diss and Thetford Grammar Schools, and in April 1724, he was admitted to Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1727 and MA in 1728. Upon leaving university in 1727, he was ordained as rector of Hargham in 1729, and shortly afterwards as rector of Fersfield, his father's family living. On 1 September 1732, he married Mary Womack, the daughter of a former rector of Fersfield. They had three daughters, two of whom survived him.
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Geoff Edrich
Geoffrey Arthur Edrich was born in Lingwood, Norfolk, on 13 July 1918. He was an English cricketer who played 339 first-class matches for Lancashire between 1946 and 1958 as a right-handed batsman. Before his first-class career, he had played minor counties cricket for Norfolk (1937–1939), and after his first-class retirement he returned to the minor counties, this time playing for Cumberland (1960–1962).[1] Whilst at Cumberland, he was also professional for Workington, the Cumbrian club appearing in the North Lancashire League.[2]
He captained Lancashire to a win over Leicestershire at Old Trafford in 1956 in a match in which his team did not lose a single wicket, the first time this had happened. Leicestershire were bowled out for 108 and 122, and Lancashire (166 for 0 Dec and 66 for 0) won by ten wickets. Geoff Edrich was listed at no. 3 in the batting order so didn't get to bat.
Geoff Edrich's three brothers, Brian, Eric and Bill, and also his cousin, John Edrich, all played first-class cricket. Though, unlike his brother Bill and cousin John, Geoff Edrich never played for England, he toured India in 1953/54 with a Commonwealth squad.[3]
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George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver RN (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was an English officer of the British Royal Navy, best known for his 1791-95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. He also explored the Hawaiian Islands and the southwest coast of Australia.
Vancouver Island, Canada; the cities of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and Vancouver, Washington, US; and Mount Vancouver on the Yukon/Alaska border; are named after him.
Vancouver's first naval service was as a midshipman aboard HMS Resolution, on James Cook's second voyage (1772–1775) searching for Terra Australis. He also accompanied Cook's third voyage (1776–1778), this time aboard Resolution's sister ship, HMS Discovery and the first European sighting and exploration of the Hawaiian Islands. Upon his return to Britain in 1779, Vancouver was commissioned as a lieutenant and posted aboard the sloop HMS Martin surveying coastlines.
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Hannah Spearritt
Hannah Louise Spearritt (born 1 April 1981; Great Yarmouth, Norfolk) is an English actress and singer. She was previously a member of the pop group S Club 7. She is also known for playing the role of Abby Maitland in the British drama Primeval.
Spearritt was born in Great Yarmouth to Michael and Jenny Spearritt. She is the youngest of three children. Her sister is former model and fashion designer Tanya Spearritt. Her uncle, Eddie Spearritt, from Lowestoft was a professional football player who played for Ipswich Town in the 1960s.
Spearritt and co-star Andrew-Lee Potts met when both were cast as lead characters on the ITV series Primeval and in February 2006 they started dating.[citation needed] In December 2008 they became engaged.
At the age of 3, Spearritt modelled in a Mothercare catalogue. When she was 12, she landed a part in the Lowestoft Players amateur dramatics society's production of Annie. Thereafter she successfully auditioned for the National Youth Music Theatre, and became part of the company. While with the NYMT she met future S Club member and boyfriend Paul Cattermole, as well as her friend and future flatmate, actress Sheridan Smith. She appeared in the NYMT's productions Pendragon (1994–95) — performing in New York and Hong Kong, Tin Pan Ali (1996), and the West End musical Bugsy Malone (1997) — she was a member of the original cast.
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Henry Blofeld
Henry Calthorpe Blofeld (born at Hoveton Home Farm, Norfolk on 23 September 1939) (nicknamed Blowers by the late Brian Johnston) is a sports journalist. He is best known as a cricket commentator for Test Match Special on BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. He established a reputation as a commentator with an accent, vocabulary and syntax that was quintessentially Old Etonian in both style and substance. He also writes on cricket.
Blofeld's family were landowners in Norfolk. He was the youngest of three siblings. His older brother, Sir John Blofeld, became a High Court judge. Henry Blofeld's father (Tom Blofeld, b. 1903, d. 1986) went to Eton with Ian Fleming and his name may have been the inspiration for the name of James Bond supervillain, Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Blofeld's uncle was the Honourable Freddie Calthorpe, who captained England on their first-ever tour of the West Indies in 1929/30. His elder brother, Sir John Blofeld, also played in one Minor Counties Championship match for Norfolk against Kent 2nd X1 in July 1957.
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Henry Blogg
Henry George BloggGC BEM (6 February 1876 – 13 June 1954) was a famous lifeboatman from Cromer on the north coast of Norfolk, England. Henry Blogg of Cromer is referred to as "the greatest of the lifeboatmen". From the epic rescue of the crew of the Pyrin and then of half of the crew of the Fernebo in 1917, through to his near drowning in the service to the English Trader in 1941, he would win the gold medal of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution three times and the silver medal four times, the George Cross, the British Empire Medal, and a series of other awards.
Born the son of Ellen Blogg, he was brought up in the family of James Davies (whose son John became Henry's stepfather after John Davies married Ellen Blogg in 1881), himself coxswain of the Cromer lifeboat. He first went to sea as a lifeboatman in 1894 in the rowing lifeboat Benjamin Bond Cabbell and then served in the Louisa Heartwell as second coxswain under Jimmy 'Buttons' Harrison. When coxswain Harrison retired in 1909 due to ill health, Blogg won the vote to take on the leadership role.
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Howard Carter
Howard Carter (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was an English archaeologist and Egyptologist known for co-discovering the tomb of 14th-century BC pharaoh Tutankhamun.
Howard Carter was born in London, England, the son of Samuel Carter, an artist and Martha Joyce (Sands) Carter. His father trained and developed his artistic talent.
Much of Carter's childhood was spent in the Norfolk market town of Swaffham (probably due to ill-health).
In 1891 Carter was sent out by the Egypt Exploration Fund to assist Percy Newberry in the excavation and recording of Middle Kingdom tombs at Beni Hasan. Although only 17 years old he was innovative in improving the methods of copying tomb decoration. In 1892 he worked under the tutelage of Flinders Petrie for one season at Amarna, the capital founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten. From 1894 to 1899 he then worked with Édouard Naville at Deir el-Bahari, where he recorded the wall reliefs in the temple of Hatshepsut.
In 1899, Carter was appointed the first chief inspector of the Egyptian Antiquities Service (EAS). He supervised a number of excavations at Thebes (now known as Luxor) before he was transferred in 1904 to the Inspectorate of Lower Egypt. Carter resigned from the Antiquities Service in 1905 after an enquiry into an affray (known as the Saqqara Affair) between Egyptian site guards and a group of French tourists in which he sided with the Egyptian personnel.
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Iceni
The Iceni ( /aɪˈsiːnaɪ/) or Eceni were a British tribe who inhabited an area corresponding roughly to the modern-day county of Norfolk from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. They were bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south.
The Cenimagni, who surrendered to Julius Caesar during his second expedition to Britain in 54 BC, may have been a branch of the Iceni or it could be a corruption of Iceni Magni meaning "Great Iceni".
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs — heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins circa 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (ca. 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU follow.
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Jake Humphrey
Jacob John "Jake" Humphrey (born (1978-10-07)7 October 1978 in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom) is an English television presenter, currently best known for his work with BBC Sport, being the youngest ever presenter to host Football Focus, Match of the Day and Final Score. He currently presents the BBC's Formula One coverage and BBC Sports Personality of the Year. He also hosted Super Bowls XLII, XLIII, XLIV, and XLV, the Africa Cup of Nations in January 2008, the Beijing Olympics in August 2008 and the Commonwealth Games in October 2010. He will present the BBC coverage of the 2012 London Olympics. He is due to receive an Honorary Doctorate of Civil Law from the University of East Anglia in July 2012.
Born in Peterborough, in the English county of Cambridgeshire, England, he moved to Norwich, Norfolk at the age of nine with the rest of his family, and attended Framingham Earl High School and the Sixth Form at The Hewett School, Norwich. During his time at school he also worked as a paperboy and became interested in the media.
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James Blunt
James Hillier Blount (born 22 February 1974), better known by his stage name James Blunt, is an English singer-songwriter and former army officer, whose debut album, Back to Bedlam and single releases, including "You're Beautiful" and "Goodbye My Lover", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire can be best described as a mix of acoustic-tinged pop, rock and folk. After recording on the independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two Brit Awards, two MTV Video Music Awards, two Ivor Novello Awards, and by 2006 was nominated for five Grammy Awards. The following year, he released his second album All the Lost Souls (2007). Blunt's third studio album, Some Kind of Trouble, was released in November 2010. Worldwide, Blunt has sold over 18 million albums, and his debut album, Back to Bedlam, is the best-selling album of the 2000s in the UK.
Blunt was an officer in the Life Guards, a cavalry regiment of the British Army, and served under NATO in Kosovo during the conflict there in 1999. While posted to Kosovo, Blunt was introduced to the work of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF or "Doctors Without Borders"). Since then, Blunt has supported MSF by holding meet-and-greet auctions at many of his concerts.
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James Dyson
Sir James Dyson (born 2 May 1947) is a British industrial designer and founder of the Dyson company.
He is best known as the inventor of the Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, which works on the principle of cyclonic separation. His net worth in 2011 was said to be £1.45 billion.
Dyson was born in Cromer, Norfolk, England, being one of three children. Dyson was sent to Gresham's School boarding school, Holt, Norfolk, from 1956 to 1965, when his father died of cancer. James excelled in long distance running: "I was quite good at it, not because I was physically good, but because I had more determination. I learnt determination from it." He spent one year (1965–1966) at the Byam Shaw School of Art (now part of Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design), and then studied furniture and interior design at the Royal College of Art (1966–1970) before moving into engineering.[citation needed]
The Sea Truck, Dyson's first product, was launched in 1970 while he was at the Royal College of Art. His next product, the Ballbarrow, was a modified version of a wheelbarrow using a ball instead of a wheel. This was featured on the BBC's "Tomorrow's World" television programme. Dyson stuck with the idea of a ball which his brother had thought of, inventing the Trolleyball, a trolley that launched boats. He then designed the Wheelboat, which could travel at speeds of 64 kilometres per hour (40 mph) on both land and water.
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James Woodforde
James Woodforde (1740–1803) was an English clergyman, best known as the author of The Diary of a Country Parson.
James Woodforde was born at the Parsonage, Ansford, Somerset, England on 27 June 1740. In adulthood he led an uneventful, unambitious life as a clergyman of the Church of England: a life unremarkable but for one thing — for nearly 45 years he kept a diary recording an existence the very ordinariness of which provides a unique insight into the everyday routines and concerns of 18th century rural England.
The sixth child of the Reverend Samuel Woodforde, rector of Ansford and vicar of Castle Cary, and his wife Jane Collins, James was one of four brothers (one of whom died in infancy) and the only one to attend public school — Winchester College, and university — Oxford. He was admitted to Winchester as a scholar in 1752 and enrolled at Oriel College, Oxford in 1758, migrating to New College in the following year. His diary begins with the entry for 21 May 1759: "Made a Scholar of New College".
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John Edrich
John Edrich, MBE (born John Hugh Edrich, 21 June 1937, Blofield, Norfolk) is a former English cricketer, who played for Surrey and England. He earned a reputation as a dogged and fearless batsman, and his figures show that he was amongst the best players of his generation. He played a total of seventy seven Test matches for England, in an international career lasting from 1963 to 1976. He was renowned for playing the cut, cover drive and was strong off his legs.
He came from a cricketing family, his four cousins, Eric Edrich, Bill Edrich, Geoff Edrich and Brian Edrich, all having played first-class cricket. He was educated at Bracondale Private School from the ages of eight to seventeen, during which time he played cricket at weekends and was coached by former cricketer CSR Boswell.
The cricket writer Colin Bateman gave the following description of Edrich: "Unflinching, unselfish, and often unsmiling while going about his business in the middle, he was a fiercely formidable opener who knew his limitations and worked wonderfully within them".
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John Major
Sir John Major, KG, CH, PC, ACIB (born 29 March 1943) is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He held the posts of Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon from 1979 to 2001.
Despite Thatcher's "notorious" assertion that "she expected to continue in control as a backseat driver," Major's mild and consensual style was seen as complete contrast to Thatcher's forceful and confrontational manner. Early in his term, he presided over British participation in the First Gulf War (March 1991) and negotiated "Game, Set and Match for Britain" at the Maastricht Treaty (December 1991). Despite the British economy then being in recession he led the Conservatives to a fourth consecutive election victory, winning the most votes in British electoral history in the 1992 general election, albeit with a much reduced majority in the House of Commons. He is to date, the last Conservative leader to win an outright majority in a general election.
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Julian Assange
Julian Paul Assange ( /əˈsɒnʒ/ ə-SONZH; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, political/internet activist, publisher, and journalist. He is best known as the editor in chief and founder of WikiLeaks, a media website which publishes information from whistleblowers. The site acts as a conduit for worldwide news leaks, with a stated purpose of creating open governance.
WikiLeaks has published material about extrajudicial killings in Kenya, toxic waste dumping in Côte d'Ivoire, Church of Scientology manuals, Guantanamo Bay procedures, and banks such as Kaupthing and Julius Baer. In 2010, WikiLeaks published Iraq War documents and Afghan War documents about American involvement in the wars, some of which was classified material. On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and its five international print media partners (Der Spiegel, The New York Times, Le Monde, The Guardian and El País) began publishing U.S. diplomatic cables.
Assange was a hacker-activist in his youth, before becoming a computer programmer and then becoming internationally renowned for his work with WikiLeaks. He has lived in several countries and has made public appearances in many parts of the world to speak about freedom of the press, censorship, and investigative journalism. He has received numerous awards and nominations, including the 2009 Amnesty International Media Award, Readers' Choice for TIME magazine's 2010 Person of the Year, the 2011 Sydney Peace Foundation gold medal and the 2011 Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism.Snorre Valen, a Norwegian parliamentarian, nominated him for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
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Julian of Norwich
Julian of Norwich (ca. 8 November 1342 – ca. 1416) was an English anchoress who is regarded as one of the most important Christian mystics. She is venerated in the Anglican and Lutheran churches, but has never been canonized, or officially beatified, by the Catholic Church, probably because so little is known of her life aside from her writings, including the exact date of her death. There is also scholarly debate as to whether Julian was a nun in a nearby convent, or even a laywoman.
Very little is known about Julian's personal life, including her birth name. From her texts, she was determined to probably have been born around 1342-43, and to have died at 1416, or sometime shortly thereafter. She may have been from a privileged family in or around Norwich, Norfolk. After London, Norwich was the largest city in East Anglia in the 11th century. The plague epidemics were rampant during her time, and according to some scholarly debate, Julian may have become an anchoress unmarried or, having lost her husband and children in the plague, as a widow. Her becoming an anchoress could have also served as a way to quarantine her from the rest of the infected population.
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Justin Edrich
Justin Wells Edrich (born 17 January 1961) is an English cricketer.
Justin Edrich, who is the son of Bill Edrich, was a right-handed batsman who captained his school cricket team at Wymondham College in 1978, then went on to represent Suffolk County Cricket Club (1981–1992), Middlesex 2nd XI (1980–1988), Norfolk & Suffolk (1984) and Past Suffolk (2004).
He has a daughter and a son.
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Kenneth McKee
George Kenneth McKee, known as Ken, was one of the pioneers of hip replacement surgery in the 1950s. He is now honoured with a bust at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.
Ken's father had been a medical practitioner in Northern Ireland in the late 19th century but had migrated to England around 1900. Ken was born in Ilford, Essex, in 1906, attending Chigwell School and then studying medicine at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical College. He received his Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1934. He worked at the Sheffield Royal Hospital before being appointed consultant in orthopaedics at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital (N&N) in 1939.
Ken moved to Norfolk in 1939. He worked in Norwich at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital (N&N), which he joined in 1939 as a consultant orthopaedic surgeon, going on to pioneer primary hip replacements in the 1950s. According to Hugh Phillips, the President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2004–2005, "Ken McKee started experimenting with model hip joints in 1938, working with dentists and an engineering firm in Norwich to create the original brass mock-ups. He carried out his first primary hip replacement on a patient in 1951, before Sir John Charnley perfected his own version."
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Liza Goddard
Liza Goddard (born 20 January 1950) is an English television and stage actress, best known for her work in the 1970s and 1980s.
Goddard was born in Smethwick, West Midlands, England. She is the daughter of British producer David Goddard and attended Farnham Girls' Grammar School, before he moved the family to Australia when she was 15 upon his appointment as Head of Drama at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Goddard made early television appearances in Australia, including episode 100 of Homicide ("The Traveller", 1966), and the ABC drama play "Romanoff & Juliet" (1967), and a brief (non-speaking, non-credited) appearance in the feature film They're A Weird Mob (1966). However, she is best remembered in Australia for her role as Clarissa "Clancy" Merrick in Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. After returning to the UK in 1969 as an adult, she appeared as Victoria in Take Three Girls (1969), and then its sequel Take Three Women (1982). She also had a supporting role in the 1972 movie Ooh… You Are Awful. Her career breakthrough was as April in The Brothers (1972–76), which also featured her first husband, Colin Baker. She appeared as Jocelyn in National Pelmet, the Series 2 opener of critically acclaimed drama Minder.
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Margaret Fountaine
Margaret Elizabeth Fountaine (16 May 1862 Norwich - 21 April 1940 Trinidad), a Victorian lepidopterist and diarist, was born in Norfolk, the eldest of seven children of an English country clergyman, Reverend John Fountaine of South Acre parish in East Anglia. John Fountaine had married Mary Isabella Lee (died 4 July 1906) on 19 January 1860 - she was the daughter of Reverend Daniel Henry Lee-Warner of Walsingham Abbey in Norfolk.
She was an accomplished natural history illustrator and had a great love and knowledge of butterflies, travelling and collecting extensively through Europe, South Africa, India, Tibet, America, Australia and the West Indies, publishing numerous papers on her work. She raised many of the butterflies from eggs or caterpillars, producing specimens of great quality, 22,000 of which are housed at the Norwich Castle Museum and known as the Fountaine-Neimy Collection. Her four sketch books of butterfly life-cycles are held at the Natural History Museum in London.
Margaret Fountaine was an exceptionally courageous and talented woman who travelled the world, collecting in sixty countries on six continents over fifty years, and became an expert in tropical butterfly life-cycles, while coping with an extremely complex emotional life. Her diaries were unsealed, as stipulated by her, in 1978, 100 years after she had started recording the details of her life. She filled twelve large volumes of leather-bound books with some 3203 pages and more than a million words, displaying a blend of Victorian reserve and startling candour, beginning each year on 15 April with a studio photograph of herself.. 15 April was reserved as her special day by the family, a day with favours shown, but no presents given.
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Martin Brundle
Martin John Brundle (born 1 June 1959 in King's Lynn, Norfolk) is a British racing driver from England, known as a Formula One driver and as an F1 commentator for ITV Sport from 1997 to 2008, the BBC from 2009 to 2011 and Sky Sports from 2012.
Brundle contested the British Formula Three Championship with Ayrton Senna in 1983, finishing a close second, and the two progressed to Formula One the next year. Brundle failed to score a victory at the top level of single seaters, but he has been very successful in other disciplines. He was the 1988 World Sportscar Champion, with a record points haul, and won the 1990 Le Mans 24 hour Race for Jaguar in an XJR-12.
Brundle had an unorthodox route to Formula One. He began his racing career at the age of 12, competing in grass track racing, in the Norfolk village of Pott Row. In 1975, he moved to Hot Rod racing and received 'Star grade' status. In 1979, he started single seaters with Formula Ford. During this time, he also raced Tom Walkinshaw's BMW race cars, achieving second against a field of international drivers at Snetterton. He won the BMW championship in 1980 and partnered Sir Stirling Moss in the BP/Audi team of 1981. In 1982, he moved up to Formula 3 achieving five poles and two wins in his debut season. He won the Grovewood Award as the most promising Commonwealth driver. The next year, he battled Ayrton Senna for the F3 championship, which Brundle eventually lost on the final laps of the last race. In 1984, he was promoted to Formula One.
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Martin Shaw
Martin Shaw (born 21 January 1945) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in the television series The Professionals, The Chief, Judge John Deed and Inspector George Gently.
Shaw was born in Birmingham. According to him, his first stage appearance was at age three, during an amateur show in which his parents were performing. At Great Barr School, where musician Steve Winwood was a classmate, Shaw excelled in English literature and drama lessons. At sixteen, he was offered a scholarship to a Birmingham drama school. Declining the scholarship, he left school and, on the advice of his parents, he sought employment. One job was in the office of a brass foundry. At eighteen, Shaw moved to London to attend the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He served his apprenticeship in repertory as an assistant stage manager at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch and the Bristol Old Vic.
Shaw took key roles in the first revival of Look Back in Anger (Royal Court/Criterion, 1968); in the National Theatre's Saturday, Sunday, Monday opposite Laurence Olivier (1973); and in A Streetcar Named Desire presented by the Piccadilly Theatre in 1974. He later acknowledged the role of Stanley Kowalski in 'Streetcar' as a point of breakthrough in his career.
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Matthew Macfadyen
David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor, known for his role as MI5 intelligence officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series Spooks (also known as MI-5) and for starring as Fitzwilliam Darcy in Pride and Prejudice.
Macfadyen was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, the son of Meinir (née Owen), a drama teacher and former actress, and Martin Macfadyen, an oil worker. His paternal grandparents were Scottish and his maternal grandparents were natives of Wales. Macfadyen was brought up in several locations, including Jakarta, Indonesia, because of his father's profession. He attended schools in England (including in Louth, Lincolnshire), Scotland and Indonesia, and went to Oakham School in Rutland, before being accepted to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art at age 17.
After having studied at the RADA from 1992 to 1995, Macfadyen quickly became a well-known actor in British theatre due primarily to his work with the stage company Cheek by Jowl, for whom he played Antonio in The Duchess of Malfi, Charles Surface in The School for Scandal, and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing. His Benedick was particularly memorable, played as an officer-class buffoon with a moustache and a braying laugh. In 2005, he played to further great acclaim the part of Prince Hal in Henry IV, Parts One and Two at the Royal National Theatre, with Michael Gambon in the role of Falstaff. In 2007, he returned to the stage, portraying an American, Clay, a stay at home father with a liberal attitude in the play The Pain and the Itch.
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Matthew Pinsent
Sir Matthew Clive Pinsent CBE (born 10 October 1970) is an English rower and broadcaster. During his rowing career, he won 10 world championship gold medals and four consecutive Olympic gold medals, of which three were with Steve Redgrave. Since retiring, he has worked as a sports broadcaster with the BBC.
Pinsent was born in Holt, Norfolk, the son of Reverend Ewen Macpherson Pinsent, curate of St Andrew's parish church. His grandfather Clive Pinsent was a younger son of Sir Richard Pinsent, 1st Baronet, President of the Law Society between 1918 and 1919 (see Pinsent Baronets). Pinsent is directly descended from John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk and thus from Edward I of England and William the Conqueror. Sir George Anson is also an ancestor. He attended Aysgarth School in North Yorkshire before he began rowing at Eton College. He began his international career at the Junior World Rowing Championships in 1987. He raced again in 1988, winning the junior coxless pairs with Tim Foster. After finishing school, Pinsent studied Geography at St Catherine's College, Oxford. He competed in three Boat Races, winning in 1990 and 1991 but unsuccessful in 1993 (when he was Boat Club President), having taken a year out in 1992 in order to concentrate on preparing for the Barcelona Olympics.
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Mercia
Mercia ( /ˈmɜrsiə/, /ˈmɜrʃə/) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands. The name is a Latinisation of the Old English Mierce or Myrce, meaning "border people".
Mercia's neighbours included Northumbria, Powys and the kingdoms of southern Wales, Wessex, Sussex, Essex and East Anglia.
The name Mercia is still in use today by a wide range of organisations, including military units, public, commercial and voluntary bodies; and occurs as a female given name.
Mercia's exact evolution from the Anglo-Saxon invasions is more obscure than that of Northumbria, Kent, or even Wessex. Also, Mercia developed an effective political structure and adopted Christianity later than the other kingdoms. Archaeological surveys show that Angles settled the lands north of the River Thames by the 6th century. The name Mercia is Old English for "boundary folk" (see Welsh Marches), and the traditional interpretation is that the kingdom originated along the frontier between the native Welsh and the Anglo-Saxon invaders. However, P. Hunter Blair argued an alternative interpretation: that they emerged along the frontier of Northumbria and the inhabitants of the Trent river valley.
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Myleene Klass
Myleene Angela Quinn (née Klass; born 6 April 1978) is an English singer, pianist, media personality and occasional model. She was formerly a member of the defunct British pop band Hear'Say. Her net worth was estimated at £11 million in April 2012.
Klass was born in Gorleston, Norfolk, England to an Anglo-Austrian father and a Filipina mother. She comes from six generations of classical musicians on her father's side: Klass's grandmother was an opera singer and her grandfather left his violin to her, which she went on to play. Klass began to learn the piano and violin from the age of four and then the harp at 12. She took Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music exams in violin, piano and voice. She received an A grade in A-level music, and became a Norfolk County scholar.
Klass attended St. Mary's Roman Catholic Primary School, then Cliff Park High school in Gorleston, before going to Notre Dame High School, Norwich for a short time.[citation needed] While at school, she spent her Saturdays studying singing at the Junior Department of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama,[citation needed] and later took a musical theatre course at the Royal Academy of Music, University of London.[citation needed]
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Natasha Firman
Natasha Firman (born 22 June 1976, Holt, Norfolk) is an English racing driver and was the winner of the inaugural Formula Woman championship in 2004. On the way to that victory, she achieved two wins and four third places out of seven races. She later set new endurance records in the Mazda RX-8.
Firman was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, from 1990 to 1994.
Her father, Ralph Firman Sr., co-founded the Van Diemen racecar constructor. She is the sister of A1 Team Ireland and former Formula One racing driver Ralph Firman.
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Nathan Fake
Nathan Fake is an English electronic music artist from Norfolk, who has released numerous singles as well as two album releases on the label Border Community Recordings. His music has been used in soundtracks for TV shows and an advertisement.
In 2006, his debut album Drowning in a Sea of Love was released on Border Community. The album received very good reviews in the music press. He released a six track mini-album Hard Islands in 2009.
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Nick Conrad
Nick Conrad (born 29 November 1984 in Norwich, UK) is a British radio and television presenter. He presents a daily phone-in programme on BBC Radio Norfolk in Norwich, which he describes as the programme 'that gets the whole county talking'. He also used to present a once weekly current affairs programme with London based talk radio station LBC 97.3 and on BBC digital radio channel BBC 6 Music where he presented a Saturday night comedy programme between 2006 and 2007. In 2005 he established Smoking Pigeon Media in Manchester UK which made online media content for a number of travel, electronics and educational companies and establishments. In Television he has worked on network formats for Five (Channel 5), Channel 4 and most prominently ITV1 & ITV2 including fronting the television programme Tried & Tested. He on occasion appears on television chat shows including The Alan Titchmarsh Show, Newsnight Review, Sky News and This Morning. In his career so far he has helped win 2 Nation & Region Radio Academy Awards. He was represented by London talent agent John Noel.
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Nimmo Twins
The Nimmo Twins are a sketch comedy duo from Norfolk, UK comprising Owen Evans and Karl Minns. Formed in 1996 in Norwich, they first came to national attention after their show Posh Spice Nude was a sell-out success at the 1997 Edinburgh Festival. Appearances on BBC One's Stand Up Show followed and they became regulars on Radio 4's Loose Ends programme with Ned Sherrin. They returned to Edinburgh in 1998 and 1999, selling out in critically acclaimed shows both years. They toured Britain, played Paris, New York and two sell-out years at the Singapore Comedy Festival.
Owen Evans was raised in Cromer and attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts (LAMDA) where he studied with the Moscow Arts Theatre school. As an actor he has appeared in innumerable plays and theatre productions. He has also appeared in television adverts for Daewoo Cars, Nat-West, Ikea and Flora.
As a stand-up comedian, Karl Minns won the Daily Telegraph Open Mic Award in 2001 and played the Montreal and Melbourne Comedy Festivals before returning to Edinburgh in 2002 in Comedy Clone with Nina Conti and Patrick Monaghan. The Nimmo Twins then became the face of Adnams Beer in Norfolk in TV radio and billboard adverts for two years.
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Norman Lamb
Norman Peter Lamb (born 16 September 1957) is a British Liberal Democrat politician, and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Employment Relations, Consumer and Postal Affairs. He was formerly Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg.
He is the Member of Parliament for North Norfolk.
Lamb was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, the son of climatologist Professor Hubert Lamb. He went to Wymondham College, then the University of Leicester, getting an LLB
After graduating from the University of Leicester, Lamb worked as a solicitor. He began to specialise in employment law whilst working for Steele and Co Solicitors (now called Steeles Law). In 1998 he wrote a book, Remedies in the Employment Tribunal: Damages for Discrimination and Unfair Dismissal, but any chances of a follow up or update to this book were put aside when Lamb was elected to Parliament in June 2001.
Lamb worked for a year for Labour MP Greville Janner in the early 1980s, working as a researcher. His politics were always in the centre ground, but a meeting with Shirley Williams in Parliament at this time, shortly after the formation in 1981 of the SDP-Liberal Alliance, spurred Lamb in to front line active politics and he was elected to Norwich City Council where he led the Lib Dem group until he stood down in 1991 in order to pursue his Westminster ambitions.
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Olav V of Norway
Olav V (Alexander Edward Christian Frederik; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was the King of Norway from 1957 until his death. A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Olav was born in the United Kingdom as the son of King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud of Norway.
He became Crown Prince and heir-apparent to the throne of Norway when his father was elected king in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his royal duties, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first and second cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden. During World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. At his death, he was the last surviving grandchild of Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexandra of Denmark.
Due to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen ("People's King"). In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted "Norwegian of the century".
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Pablo Fanque
Pablo Fanque (born William Darby 28 February 1796 in Norwich,England ; died 4 May 1871 in Stockport, England) was the first black circus proprietor in Britain. His circus, in which he himself was a performer, was the most popular circus in Victorian Britain for 30 years, a period that is regarded as the golden age of the circus. Today, Pablo Fanque is best known from his mention in The Beatles song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" on the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
Little is known about Pablo Fanque’s early life. Church records suggest that he was one of at least five children born to John and Mary Darby (née Stamp) of Norwich. They were believed to have resided in Ber Street. Fanque reportedly declared his late father's occupation as "butler" on his marriage certificate in 1848. John M. Turner, Fanque's biographer, speculates that "his father was African-born and had been brought to the port of Norwich and trained as a house servant." Fanque was reportedly orphaned at a young age. Another account has Fanque born in a workhouse to a family of seven children.
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Peter Bellamy
Peter Franklyn Bellamy (8 September 1944 – 19 September 1991) was an English folk singer. He was a founding member of The Young Tradition but also had a long solo career, recording numerous albums and touring folk clubs and concert halls. He committed suicide in 1991.
Peter Bellamy was born in Bournemouth and spent his formative years in North Norfolk, living in the village of Warham and attending Fakenham Grammar School in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His father worked as a farm bailiff. He studied at Norwich School of Art, and later at Maidenhead Art College, under Peter Blake and decades later still retained something of the flamboyant art student image, being described as looking like a latter-day Andy Warhol, with blond hair, a scarlet jacket and yellow trousers.
Encouraged by his friend Anne Briggs he dropped out of college in 1965 to become a member of "The Young Tradition" with Royston Wood and Heather Wood. The trio recorded mainly traditional songs in close harmony and mostly without accompaniment. The Young Tradition projected their voices powerfully, clearly influenced by The Watersons, the Copper Family and Ewan MacColl. They recorded three albums together plus a collaboration with Shirley Collins called The Holly Bears The Crown. Although recorded in 1969 it was not released in full until the 90s.
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Peter Trudgill
Professor Peter Trudgill FBA ( /ˈtrʌdɡɨl/) is a sociolinguist, academic and author.
He was born on November 7th 1943 in Norwich, England, where he attended the City of Norwich School from 1955.
Trudgill studied modern languages at King's College, Cambridge. He was later awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1971. He taught in the Department of linguistic science at the University of Reading from 1970 to 1986, before becoming professor of sociolinguistics at the University of Essex. He was professor of English language and linguistics at the University of Lausanne from 1993 to 1998, and after that at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, from which he retired in September 2005. He is now part time professor of sociolinguistics at the University of Agder in Kristiansand, Norway; and adjunct professor at the Research centre for linguistic typology at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, as well as honorary professor at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England.
He has carried out linguistic fieldwork in Britain, Greece and Norway, and has lectured in most European countries, Canada, the United States, Colombia, Australia, New Zealand, India, Thailand, Hong Kong, Fiji, Malawi and Japan. Peter Trudgill is the honorary president of the Friends of Norfolk dialect society, and a fellow of the British Academy.
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Philip Pullman
Philip Pullman CBE, FRSL (born 19 October 1946) is an English writer from Norwich. He is the best-selling author of several books, most notably his trilogy of fantasy novels, His Dark Materials, and his fictionalised biography of Jesus, The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ. The first book of His Dark Materials has been turned into the film The Golden Compass and the first two books from his Sally Lockhart series as well as his children's novel I was a Rat! or The Scarlet Slippers have been adapted for television.
In 2008, The Times named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, England, the son of Audrey Evelyn Pullman (née Merrifield) and Royal Air Force pilot Alfred Outram Pullman. The family travelled with his father's job, including to Southern Rhodesia where he spent time at school.
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Pocahontas
Pocahontas (born Matoaka, and later known as Rebecca Rolfe, c. 1595 – March 1617) was a Virginia Indian notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. She was the daughter of Chief Powhatan, the head of a network of tributary tribal nations in the Tidewater region of Virginia. In a well-known historical anecdote, she is said to have saved the life of an Indian captive, Englishman John Smith, in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him.
Pocahontas was captured by the English during Anglo-Indian hostilities in 1613, and held for ransom. During her captivity, she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people, she chose to remain with the English. In April 1614, she married tobacco planter John Rolfe, and, in January 1615, bore him a son, Thomas Rolfe.
In 1616, the Rolfes traveled to London. Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the civilized "savage" in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement. She became something of a celebrity, was elegantly fêted, and attended a masque at Whitehall Palace. In 1617, the Rolfes set sail for home, but Pocahontas died at Gravesend of unknown causes. She was buried in a church in Gravesend, but the exact location of her grave is not known.
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Prasutagus
Prasutagus was king of a British Celtic tribe called the Iceni, who inhabited roughly what is now Norfolk, in the 1st century AD. He is best known as the husband of Boudica.
Prasutagus may have been one of the eleven kings who surrendered to Claudius following the Roman conquest in 43, or he may have been installed as king following the defeat of a rebellion of the Iceni in 47. In any case, as an ally of Rome his tribe were allowed to remain nominally independent, and to ensure this Prasutagus named the Roman emperor as co-heir to his kingdom, along with his two daughters. Tacitus says he lived a long and prosperous life, but when he died, the Romans ignored his will and took over, depriving the nobles of their lands and plundering the kingdom. Boudica was flogged and their daughters raped. Roman financiers called in their loans. All this led to the revolt of the Iceni, under the leadership of Boudica, in 60 or 61.
Coins have been found in Suffolk inscribed SVB ESVPRASTO ESICO FECIT, "under Esuprastus Esico made (this)" in Latin. Some archaeologists believe that Esuprastus was the true name of the king Tacitus calls Prasutagus, while others think he was a different person. Others interpret Esuprastus is a compound name, with "Esu-" deriving from the god Esus and meaning "lord", "master" or "honour", and "Prasto-" being an abbreviated personal name, the coin inscription thus meaning "under Lord Prasto-". It is also notable that coins of the Corieltauvi have been found inscribed with the similar names IISVPRASV and ESVPASV. The name of an earlier king of the Iceni appears on coins as SCAVO, a name which may be related to the Latin scaeva, "left", and scaevola, "left-handed". Both rulers' coins are similarly Roman in style and language and were probably issued within twenty years of each other. Chris Rudd suggests that Esuprastus, whom he identifies with Prasutagus, succeeded Scavo after the Icenian rebellion of 47.
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Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Ralph Firman
Ralph David Firman Jr. (born 20 May 1975 in Norwich, Norfolk, England) is an English-born racing driver who races under Irish citizenship (his mother Angela is from Ireland) and an Irish-issued racing licence. Earlier in his career he raced under a British licence. His father, Ralph Firman Sr., co-founded the Van Diemen racecar constructor with Ross Ambrose, father of NASCAR racer Marcos, then more recently founded RFR. He is married to Aldís Kristín Árnadóttir, an Icelandic UK-educated lawyer. Ralph's sister, Natasha, is also a racing driver.
Educated at Gresham's School between 1988 and 1993, Firman went straight into motor racing on leaving school. Despite leading much of the 1995 British F3 championship, he lost the title at the final round to Oliver Gavin. However, he continued in the championship in 1996 and captured the title at his second attempt.
Firman won the prestigious Macau Grand Prix in 1996 under controversial circumstances. At the end of round 1, Firman finished ahead of German Formula 3 champion Jarno Trulli. In round 2, he was overtaken by Trulli on the last lap. Firman was running with a broken front wing. Just as Jarno Trulli was on the way to victory, Firman crashed at the hairpin corner, blocked the track and caused a red flag. The race officials counted the results to the previous lap when Firman was ahead of Trulli, thus giving him the win.
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Robert Walpole
Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745), known before 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the position of "Prime Minister" had no recognition in law or official use at the time, Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the office de facto because of his influence within the Cabinet.
A Whig who was first elected in 1701, Walpole served during the reigns of George I and George II. His tenure is normally dated from 1721 when he obtained the post of First Lord of the Treasury; others date it from 1730 when, with the retirement of Lord Townshend, he became the sole and undisputed leader of the Cabinet. The "longer" version of the tenure is generally upheld by the contemporary press, most notably that of the opposition, who focused far more attention upon Walpole than his counterpart. Walpole continued to govern until his resignation in 1742 prompted by the Battle of Cartagena disaster, making his administration the longest in British history. Because of his homely ways and strong Norfolk roots, he was often known to both friends and detractors as the "fat old Squire of Norfolk."
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Roderick Gordon
Roderick Gordon (born November 1960) is the author of Tunnels, a bestselling children's book and the first book in the Tunnels series by Roderick Gordon and Brian Williams.
Born in November 1960, Roderick grew up in Highgate, North London. Chronically shy throughout his childhood, he sought refuge in drawing and writing, and whilst at the Hall School, Hampstead, he had his first short story published in the school magazine, at the age of twelve. He went on to public school at Oundle, and then attended University College, London, where he read biology (specialising in genetics). It was here that he met his future collaborator on the Tunnels series of books, Brian Williams, who was at the Slade School of Fine Art. They became friends in the summer of 1980, and kept in touch until, some twenty-three years later, they finally began to cooperate on their writing.
After an unsuccessful attempt to transfer to medical school to train as a doctor, Roderick had graduated from University College London in 1983 without any idea of what career he wanted to follow. For several years he wrote music and played in a number of bands, and also toyed with the idea of getting into films (he was employed briefly by George Harrison’s Handmade Films), but eventually ended up in the City. Here he worked in corporate finance, specialising in private equity transactions. In 2001, after a nine year stretch with an investment bank, Roderick was made redundant, something that he has since described as a blessing in disguise. He was now able to meet more regularly with his old university friend, Brian Williams, and in 2003, they decided to start working together. Their first project was a film screenplay for a crime thriller called “Second Face. They both found the process so rewarding that they decided they would continue the collaboration, and embarked on a book for younger readers, an idea first suggested by Roderick’s wife, Sophie.
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Samuel Lincoln
Samuel Lincoln (date of birth unknown; baptised in Hingham, Norfolk, England, August 24, 1622, as the son of Edward Lincoln; died in Hingham, Massachusetts, May 26, 1690), was progenitor of many notable United States political figures, including his great-great-great-great-grandson, President Abraham Lincoln, Maine governor Enoch Lincoln, and Levi Lincoln, Sr. and Levi Lincoln, Jr., both of whom served as Massachusetts Representatives, Governor and Lieutenant Governor. Because of Samuel Lincoln's descendants, his fortuitous arrival in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the fact that his ancestry is known for several generations, he is considered father of the most prominent branch of Lincolns in America.
Having grown up in meager circumstances due to a family squabble in which his wealthy grandfather disinherited his earlier children, Samuel Lincoln became an apprentice weaver under Francis Lawes of Norwich, England. Samuel Lincoln's father Edward had abandoned his home at Swanton Morley near Hingham after he was cut out of his father Richard's will, and relocated to some small acreage at Hingham. In 1637, Lincoln left England for the New World with Lawes' family, embarking on a ship named John & Dorothy. Although most accounts indicate that he was 15 years old at the time, it has been suggested that he misrepresented his age in order to be permitted to make the voyage.
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Saxons
The Saxons (Latin: Saxones, Old English: Seaxe, Old Saxon: Sahson, Low German: Sassen) were a confederation of Germanic tribes on the North German plain, who during the Middle Ages migrated to the British Isles and formed part of the Anglo-Saxons.
The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes, whose earliest known area of settlement is Northern Albingia, an area approximately that of modern Holstein. This area overlapped the area of the Angles, a tribe with which they were frequently closely linked. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the fifth century. It is unknown how many migrated from the continent to Britain, though estimates for the total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers are around two hundred thousand. During the Middle ages, because of international Hanseatic trading routes and contingent migration during the Middle Ages, Saxons mixed with and had strong influences upon the languages and cultures of the North Germanic and Baltic and Finnic peoples, and also upon the Polabian Slavs and Pomeranian West Slavic people.
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Sid Kipper
Chris Sugden is a Norfolk humorist, best known for his portrayal of fictional folk singer Sid Kipper, the younger half of The Kipper Family.
Born in West Runton in 1952, Sugden initially studied pharmacy at Leicester Polytechnic before starting a PhD at the University of East Anglia. He is the author of Prewd and Prejudice (1994) in which the heroine Miriam Prewd spends a traumatic year of ‘Norfolk exile’. Written in his characteristic dead-pan style Prewd and Prejudice concerns itself with the Norfolk countryside, misconceptions about Norfolk and its self-deprecating folk. Sugden wrote that "the national papers seemed to think that it took the mickey out of country people, while the Norfolk people thought it ridiculed Londoners".
Sugden is also the author of The Cromer-Sheringham Crab Wars and the song Like a Rhinestone Ploughboy. He is the compiler of an (as yet) unpublished rhyming dictionary of Norfolk place-names for song-writing purposes. In 1996 he published The Ballad of Sid Kipper.
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Stella Vine
Stella Vine (born Melissa Jane Robson, 1969) is an English artist, who lives and works in London. Her work is figurative painting with subject matter drawn from either her personal life of family, friends and school, or rock stars, royalty and celebrities.
After a difficult relationship with her stepfather, she left home and in her teens, had a son, with whom she moved from Northumberland to London. She worked in various jobs, including as a waitress, stripper and cleaner. She joined the NYT (National Youth Theatre of Britain) in 1983, and studied for three years at the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts 1987–1990.
In 1999 – 2001, she took her son to painting classes at the Hampstead School of Art, where she found her own vocation as a painter. In 2001, she was exhibited by the Stuckists group, which she joined for a short time; she was married briefly to the group co-founder, Charles Thomson.
In 2003, she opened her own gallery Rosy Wilde in East London. In 2004, Charles Saatchi bought Hi Paul can you come over I'm really frightened (2003), a painting by her of Diana, Princess of Wales, which provoked media controversy, as did a subsequent painting of drug victim, Rachel Whitear. There was a dispute with the Stuckists, who said they had influenced her work; Vine said they had not.
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Stephen Fry
Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English actor, screenwriter, author, playwright, journalist, poet, comedian, television presenter, film director, and a director of Norwich City Football Club.
After a troubled childhood and adolescence, during which he was expelled from a number of schools and eventually spent three months in prison for credit card fraud, he was able to secure a place at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he studied English Literature.
He first came to public attention in the 1981 Cambridge Footlights Revue presentation "The Cellar Tapes", which also included Hugh Laurie, Emma Thompson and Tony Slattery. With Hugh Laurie, as the comedy double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in A Bit of Fry & Laurie, and took the role of Jeeves (with Laurie playing Wooster) in Jeeves and Wooster.
As an actor, Fry played the lead in the film Wilde, was Melchett in the BBC television series Blackadder, starred as the title character Peter Kingdom in the ITV series Kingdom, has a recurring guest role as Dr. Gordon Wyatt on the Fox crime series Bones and appeared as rogue TV host Gordon Deitrich in the dystopian thriller V For Vendetta. He has also written and presented several documentary series including the 2008 television series Stephen Fry in America, which saw him travelling across all 50 US states. Since 2003 he has been the host of the quiz show QI.
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Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 (NS February 9, 1737) – June 8, 1809) was an English-American author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor, intellectual, revolutionary, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination."
Born in Thetford, England, in the county of Norfolk, Paine immigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 in time to participate in the American Revolution. His principal contributions were the powerful, widely read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), the all-time best-selling American book that advocated colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and The American Crisis (1776–83), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.”
Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), in part a defense of the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on British writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel. In 1792, despite not speaking French, he was elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December of 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794. He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793–94), his book that advocates deism, promotes reason and freethinking, and argues against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular. He also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property, and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income.
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Thomas Shadwell
Thomas Shadwell (c. 1642 – 19 November 1692) was an English poet and playwright who was appointed poet laureate in 1689.
Shadwell was born at Stanton Hall, Norfolk, and educated at Bury St Edmunds School, and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, which he entered in 1656. He left the university without a degree, and joined the Middle Temple. At the Whig triumph in 1688, he superseded John Dryden as poet laureate and historiographer royal. He died at Chelsea on 19 November 1692.
In 1668 he produced a prose comedy, The Sullen Lovers, or the Impertinents, based on Les Fâcheux by Molière, and written in open imitation of Ben Jonson's comedy of humours. His best plays are Epsom Wells (1672), for which Sir Charles Sedley wrote a prologue, and the Squire of Alsatia (1688). Alsatia was the cant name for the Whitefriars area of London, then a kind of sanctuary for persons liable to arrest, and the play represents, in dialogue full of the local argot, the adventures of a young heir who falls into the hands of the sharpers there.
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Tim Westwood
Timothy Westwood (born 3 October 1957) is an English DJ and presenter of radio and television. He also presents the UK version of the MTV show Pimp My Ride. He is often referred to by other DJs and artists appearing on his shows simply as Westwood.
During his career Westwood has DJed for many radio stations, including the newly formed radio stations Kiss FM (which he co-owned) and LWR in the 1980s, followed by mainstream station Capital FM (from 1987). In December 1994, following a shake up of Radio 1 by the then chief executive Matthew Bannister, he was given the new and somewhat innovative national Radio 1 Rap Show. He was the Radio 1 Rap Show's first presenter and has been its only permanent presenter; he is now one of Radio 1's longest-serving broadcasters.
His first broadcast on a legal station appears to have been on 23 March 1985, when he was already working as a pirate DJ.[original research?] He was a guest on a BBC World Service programme called Meridian where he discussed early hip-hop culture in London. After appearing in the 1987 BBC Open Space documentary Bad Meaning Good, which was an early work of his own company Justice Entertainment, he achieved TV exposure in the late 1980s on the ITV programme Night Network, produced by London Weekend Television.
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Trisha Goddard
Patricia "Trisha" Goddard (born 23 December 1957) is a British television presenter and actress best known for her morning talk show, Trisha Goddard, which is broadcast on a mid morning slot on Channel 5 in the UK. In Australia she is known as a long time presenter of Play School.
Goddard was born in London, England to a black mother from Dominica. Until recently, she wrongly believed that her mother's white English husband was her father. She was brought up in Tanzania (East Africa), and the English counties of Norfolk and Surrey.
Goddard was educated at an independent school for expatriates in Tanzania, followed by primary school at Heacham in Norfolk and Sir William Perkins's School in Chertsey, Surrey, at the time a voluntary controlled Church of England girls' grammar school, and which is now an independent school.
Goddard's early career as an air stewardess led to travel writing for magazines and then, after settling in Australia in the mid 1980s, a new career in television.
She then became a presenter and roving reporter for Australia's 7.30 Report which led to her presenting the prime-time show Everybody, after which she started a production company,with Producers Mark Greive and Phil Gerlach. She helped devise, produce and present more than 400 programmes of the chat show Live It Up, before returning to the UK in 1998 to host her own talk show on ITV, Trisha.[citation needed]
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Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun (alternately spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) Egyptian twt-ˤnḫ-ı͗mn, [təwaːt ʕaːnəx ʔaˈmaːn]; approx. 1341 BC – 1323 BC) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled ca. 1332 BC – 1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means "Living Image of Aten", while Tutankhamun means "Living Image of Amun". In hieroglyphs, the name Tutankhamun was typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name at the beginning of a phrase to show appropriate reverence. He is possibly also the Nibhurrereya of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty king Rathotis who, according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine years — a figure which conforms with Flavius Josephus's version of Manetho's Epitome.
The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter and George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon of Tutankhamun's nearly intact tomb received worldwide press coverage. It sparked a renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which Tutankhamun's burial mask remains the popular symbol. Exhibits of artifacts from his tomb have toured the world. In February 2010, the results of DNA tests confirmed that he was the son of Akhenaten (mummy KV55) and his sister/wife (mummy KV35YL), whose name is unknown but whose remains are positively identified as "The Younger Lady" mummy found in KV35.
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Verily Anderson
Verily Anderson (12 January 1915 – 16 July 2010) was a British writer, best known for writing the screenplay for No Kidding, based on her book Beware of Children, writing Brownie books and writing the genealogy books about the Gurney, Barclay and Buxton families. Verily Bruce was educated at Edgbaston High School for Girls, Birmingham from the age of 4 to 7, then she attended Normanhurst school in Battle, Sussex. At 16 Verily went to Royal College of Music in London. She was in the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry between 1938 and 1941. From 2 August 1940, her married name became Verily Anderson. She was with the BBC in TV and radio between 1946 and 2002 working on Woman's Hour and writing TV Plays.
On 10 August 1971, she married Paul Edward Paget. She last resided in Northrepps, Norfolk, and is buried with her husband in neighbouring Sidestrand.
Verily was born as Verily Bruce on 12 January 1915. She was the daughter of Francis Rosslyn Courtenay Bruce and Rachel Gurney. She married, first, Captain Donald Clive Anderson, son of Frank Anderson, on 2 August 1940.
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Wessex
The Kingdom of Wessex ( /ˈwɛsɨks/) or Kingdom of the West Saxons (Old English: Westseaxna rīce) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons in South West England, from the 6th century until the emergence of a united English state under the Wessex dynasty in the 10th century. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest of 1016, from 1020 to 1066. After the Norman Conquest there was a dissolution of the English earldoms and Wessex was split among the followers of William the Conqueror.
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Communicating with a Norfolk Accent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
If you are from Norfolk and happen to find yourself outside of Norfolk you may find that you have a few problems communicating. This is a short clip to help you understand how you should conduct yourself outside of Norfolk... Created by 'Normal For Norofolk' : www.myspace.com
http://wn.com/Communicating_with_a_Norfolk_Accent
If you are from Norfolk and happen to find yourself outside of Norfolk you may find that you have a few problems communicating. This is a short clip to help you understand how you should conduct yourself outside of Norfolk... Created by 'Normal For Norofolk' : www.myspace.com
Norfolk Broads Idiot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Messing about on the river will get you hurt! This one was very lucky.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Broads_Idiot
Messing about on the river will get you hurt! This one was very lucky.
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 83599
- author: mrbuffalobilly
Norfolk Speed Camera Crash Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Video of crashes caused by heavy braking in response to the presence of speed cameras. Authorities attempted to suppress this video since it was first broadcast on April 21, 2008. More info: www.thenewspaper.com
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Speed_Camera_Crash_Video
Video of crashes caused by heavy braking in response to the presence of speed cameras. Authorities attempted to suppress this video since it was first broadcast on April 21, 2008. More info: www.thenewspaper.com
- published: 25 Oct 2008
- views: 69750
- author: TheNewspaper1
Homicide Suspect Faces Norfolk Judge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
10 On Your Side's Lauren Compton gives details on the arraignment hearing of Jamiel Graves. He is accused of killing two women.
http://wn.com/Homicide_Suspect_Faces_Norfolk_Judge
10 On Your Side's Lauren Compton gives details on the arraignment hearing of Jamiel Graves. He is accused of killing two women.
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 2
- author: wavy
RAW: Two-alarm fire in Norfolk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
RAW: Two-alarm fire in Norfolk
http://wn.com/RAW_Two-alarm_fire_in_Norfolk
RAW: Two-alarm fire in Norfolk
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 1
- author: wavy
Ghent Norfolk Virginia VA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
Ghent Norfolk Virginia Neighborhood Real Estate
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Ghent Norfolk Virginia Neighborhood Real Estate
- published: 15 Jan 2009
- views: 4063
- author: NorfolkRealEstate
Giant Killer Hornet in Norfolk, UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Giant Hornet flew into the kitchen and was captured under a glass.
http://wn.com/Giant_Killer_Hornet_in_Norfolk,_UK
Giant Hornet flew into the kitchen and was captured under a glass.
- published: 28 Oct 2007
- views: 3202093
- author: AzoraZwizzle
Travel to Norfolk, Virginia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
Visit the old South, Norfolk,Virginia's festivals and great museums.
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Visit the old South, Norfolk,Virginia's festivals and great museums.
- published: 21 Nov 2006
- views: 11855
- author: GlobeTrotterTV3
AHL Norfolk Admirals Mike Kostka Fluke goal Wins over Toronto Marlies Scrivens in OT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
twitter.com Mike Kostka sent the puck from center ice into the empty net as Scrivens went to play the puck.
http://wn.com/AHL_Norfolk_Admirals_Mike_Kostka_Fluke_goal_Wins_over_Toronto_Marlies_Scrivens_in_OT
twitter.com Mike Kostka sent the puck from center ice into the empty net as Scrivens went to play the puck.
- published: 08 Jun 2012
- views: 570097
- author: hockeybay
Norfolk Broads, an introduction. VisitNorwich.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Nicholas Crane, TV presenter and regular visitor to the Norfolk Broads gives a 5 minute introduction to this beautiful wetland, filled with exciting and rare wildlife, unforgettable country scenes, and attractive little villages. If you know the Norfolk Broads you will be filled with nostalgia, if you have never visited it will make you want to pack your bags right now! For more information please visit our Norfolk Broads pages - www.visitnorwich.co.uk
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Broads,_an_introduction_VisitNorwich
Nicholas Crane, TV presenter and regular visitor to the Norfolk Broads gives a 5 minute introduction to this beautiful wetland, filled with exciting and rare wildlife, unforgettable country scenes, and attractive little villages. If you know the Norfolk Broads you will be filled with nostalgia, if you have never visited it will make you want to pack your bags right now! For more information please visit our Norfolk Broads pages - www.visitnorwich.co.uk
- published: 20 Feb 2009
- views: 26308
- author: VisitNorwich
Campbell's Soup tower blown up in Norfolk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
A woman whose father died in a fire at a Campbell's Soup factory 16 years ago in King's Lynn, Norfolk, detonates explosives to demolish the building. Report by Mark Morris. Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com
http://wn.com/Campbell's_Soup_tower_blown_up_in_Norfolk
A woman whose father died in a fire at a Campbell's Soup factory 16 years ago in King's Lynn, Norfolk, detonates explosives to demolish the building. Report by Mark Morris. Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com
- published: 16 Jan 2012
- views: 47668
- author: itnnews
Facing Gangs Pt. 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Here's why gangs are not what you think, and why you should care. Part 1 of 2. You can get help and info at virginiagangpreventionprograms.com City of Norfolk info at http
http://wn.com/Facing_Gangs_Pt_1
Here's why gangs are not what you think, and why you should care. Part 1 of 2. You can get help and info at virginiagangpreventionprograms.com City of Norfolk info at http
- published: 03 Jun 2009
- views: 103835
- author: NorfolkTV
Norfolk Southern's Heartland Corridor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:28
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
The Heartland Corridor is a rail freight route connecting the busy Virginia ports and the Midwest. In one of the biggest railroad engineering projects in the past century -- a feat that took three years to complete and is scheduled to open Sept. 9 -- Norfolk Southern modified 28 tunnels to accommodate double-stack containers. The new gateway is 250 miles shorter and saves a day or more of transit time, making it the shortest, fastest double-stack route between the East Coast and the Midwest. It benefits freight customers and doubles Norfolk Southern's capacity to handle the growth in international intermodal shipments. It also provides communities along the corridor with greater access to world markets, reducing highway congestion, fuel use, and emissions, and improving public safety. The Heartland Corridor is a public-private partnership among Norfolk Southern and several federal and state entities. Together, they are delivering the economic and environmental benefits of enhanced rail infrastructure -- and creating a competitive advantage for America.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Southern's_Heartland_Corridor
The Heartland Corridor is a rail freight route connecting the busy Virginia ports and the Midwest. In one of the biggest railroad engineering projects in the past century -- a feat that took three years to complete and is scheduled to open Sept. 9 -- Norfolk Southern modified 28 tunnels to accommodate double-stack containers. The new gateway is 250 miles shorter and saves a day or more of transit time, making it the shortest, fastest double-stack route between the East Coast and the Midwest. It benefits freight customers and doubles Norfolk Southern's capacity to handle the growth in international intermodal shipments. It also provides communities along the corridor with greater access to world markets, reducing highway congestion, fuel use, and emissions, and improving public safety. The Heartland Corridor is a public-private partnership among Norfolk Southern and several federal and state entities. Together, they are delivering the economic and environmental benefits of enhanced rail infrastructure -- and creating a competitive advantage for America.
- published: 13 Aug 2010
- views: 13206
- author: Norfolk Southern Corp
OF TOUR 2012 - NORFOLK, VA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
OF TOUR 2012 - NORFOLK, VA
http://wn.com/OF_TOUR_2012_NORFOLK,_VA
OF TOUR 2012 - NORFOLK, VA
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 111305
- author: OFWGKTA
Ralph Vaughan Williams - Norfolk Rhapsody No.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:19
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Played by the New Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Sir Adrian Boult.
http://wn.com/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams_Norfolk_Rhapsody_No1
Played by the New Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Sir Adrian Boult.
- published: 28 Jun 2009
- views: 21767
- author: deviantrake
Norfolk Broads Boat Hire - Video Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
www.boatingbreakhols.co.uk - Choose the Norfolk Broads Boat Hire if you want to have a stunning holiday or short break in the UK - See More From Here!
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Broads_Boat_Hire_Video_Review
www.boatingbreakhols.co.uk - Choose the Norfolk Broads Boat Hire if you want to have a stunning holiday or short break in the UK - See More From Here!
- published: 21 Oct 2010
- views: 8939
- author: Chris Courtis
Norfolk Island Scenes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
While on a recent trip to Norfolk Island I used my DSLR (EOS 1D MkIV) to capture a bit of scenery, it's the first time I've used this camera to shoot video. I reckon the footage works perfectly with Ziko's tune 'Far Away'. Enjoy. No talking, no shots of me or other people, just beautiful scenes and gorgeous music. If you like my videos don't forget to visit & 'like' me on FaceBook to keep up-to-date with all things garden lifestyle, sustainability & horticulture related! tiny.cc
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Island_Scenes
While on a recent trip to Norfolk Island I used my DSLR (EOS 1D MkIV) to capture a bit of scenery, it's the first time I've used this camera to shoot video. I reckon the footage works perfectly with Ziko's tune 'Far Away'. Enjoy. No talking, no shots of me or other people, just beautiful scenes and gorgeous music. If you like my videos don't forget to visit & 'like' me on FaceBook to keep up-to-date with all things garden lifestyle, sustainability & horticulture related! tiny.cc
- published: 07 Jan 2012
- views: 1695
- author: Adam Woodhams
Burke + Norfolk: Photographs From The War In Afghanistan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:13
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
In October 2010, Simon Norfolk began a series of new photographs in Afghanistan, which takes its cue from the work of nineteenth-century British photographer John Burke. Norfolk's photographs reimagine or respond to Burke's Afghan war scenes in the context of the contemporary conflict. Conceived as a collaborative project with Burke across time, this new body of work is presented alongside Burke's original portfolios.
http://wn.com/Burke_+_Norfolk_Photographs_From_The_War_In_Afghanistan
In October 2010, Simon Norfolk began a series of new photographs in Afghanistan, which takes its cue from the work of nineteenth-century British photographer John Burke. Norfolk's photographs reimagine or respond to Burke's Afghan war scenes in the context of the contemporary conflict. Conceived as a collaborative project with Burke across time, this new body of work is presented alongside Burke's original portfolios.
- published: 04 May 2011
- views: 10172
- author: tate
Norfolk Southern Locomotive ON FIRE !!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
January 23, 2008: NS 963, light engines, the 6th unit NS 6199 catches fire when the traction motor / armature fails and the roller bearing seizes. The 4th axle is burning away the traction motor, which causes a lot of sparks and flames to fly. Ties caught on fire, however smoldered out within a few minutes. Burnt shoes could be smelled over a half-hour period after the pass-by of the train. 963 consist of NS GP60 7125, NS Dash-9-40CW, NS Dash-8-40C, NS Dash-9-40C, NS RPU-6 864 Slug mated to NS SD40-2 6199. Obviously, I called this in and the train stopped short of CP Prescott after passing over the 79.9 detector announcing 'no defects' - 963 was moving within 45 minutes. Taken in Richland. Enjoy the fireworks!
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Southern_Locomotive_ON_FIRE_!!!
January 23, 2008: NS 963, light engines, the 6th unit NS 6199 catches fire when the traction motor / armature fails and the roller bearing seizes. The 4th axle is burning away the traction motor, which causes a lot of sparks and flames to fly. Ties caught on fire, however smoldered out within a few minutes. Burnt shoes could be smelled over a half-hour period after the pass-by of the train. 963 consist of NS GP60 7125, NS Dash-9-40CW, NS Dash-8-40C, NS Dash-9-40C, NS RPU-6 864 Slug mated to NS SD40-2 6199. Obviously, I called this in and the train stopped short of CP Prescott after passing over the 79.9 detector announcing 'no defects' - 963 was moving within 45 minutes. Taken in Richland. Enjoy the fireworks!
- published: 24 Jan 2008
- views: 349868
- author: o00o00ozy
Norfolk & Western Railroad circa 1950 - "Operation Fast Freight" - Historic Freight Trains
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:59
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
In this educational documentary we follow a boxcar eastward on the Norfolk & Western Railroad from Columbus, Ohio to Norfolk, Virginia as a part of an early 1950's steam-era freight train - No. 86. Track repairs and major shop work are also shown to help give a better understanding of what is required to operate a large railroad company. From en.wikipedia.org The City Point Railroad (established in 1838) was a nine-mile railroad which started just south of Richmond, Virginia, from City Point (now part of the independent City of Hopewell) on the navigable portion of the James River to Petersburg, Virginia. It was acquired by the South Side Railroad in 1854. After the Civil War, it became part of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (A,M&O;), a trunk line across Virginia's southern tier formed by mergers in 1870 by William Mahone, who had been builder of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad in the 1850s. The A,M&O; was the oldest portion of the Norfolk and Western (N&W;) when it was formed in 1881, under new owners with a keen interest and financial investments in the coal fields of Western Virginia and West Virginia, a product which came to define and enrich the railroad.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Western_Railroad_circa_1950_Operation_Fast_Freight_Historic_Freight_Trains
In this educational documentary we follow a boxcar eastward on the Norfolk & Western Railroad from Columbus, Ohio to Norfolk, Virginia as a part of an early 1950's steam-era freight train - No. 86. Track repairs and major shop work are also shown to help give a better understanding of what is required to operate a large railroad company. From en.wikipedia.org The City Point Railroad (established in 1838) was a nine-mile railroad which started just south of Richmond, Virginia, from City Point (now part of the independent City of Hopewell) on the navigable portion of the James River to Petersburg, Virginia. It was acquired by the South Side Railroad in 1854. After the Civil War, it became part of the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (A,M&O;), a trunk line across Virginia's southern tier formed by mergers in 1870 by William Mahone, who had been builder of the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad in the 1850s. The A,M&O; was the oldest portion of the Norfolk and Western (N&W;) when it was formed in 1881, under new owners with a keen interest and financial investments in the coal fields of Western Virginia and West Virginia, a product which came to define and enrich the railroad.
- published: 24 Apr 2011
- views: 53920
- author: wdtvlive42
Final Seconds and Postgame Celebration on Campus During NSU's 86-84 win over Missouri
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:47
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
The reaction from the packed crowd at NSU's Student Center following the Spartans' 86-84 win over Missouri in the NCAA Tournament
http://wn.com/Final_Seconds_and_Postgame_Celebration_on_Campus_During_NSU's_86-84_win_over_Missouri
The reaction from the packed crowd at NSU's Student Center following the Spartans' 86-84 win over Missouri in the NCAA Tournament
- published: 17 Mar 2012
- views: 83143
- author: nsuathletics
Norfolk Southern Railroad ride-along
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:05
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Come along as the everyday work of railroaders is profiled in this video. Featuring crews of two local switchers working the Rome, Ga. area recently. Video courtesy of the Rome News-Tribune.
http://wn.com/Norfolk_Southern_Railroad_ride-along
Come along as the everyday work of railroaders is profiled in this video. Featuring crews of two local switchers working the Rome, Ga. area recently. Video courtesy of the Rome News-Tribune.
- published: 02 Apr 2007
- views: 31460
- author: beefsteww1
HD: Norfolk Southern Mainline Amalgam on the Harrisburg Line
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:00
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Whether it is leasers, historic or foreign catches, or just heavy freight trains ramming through the country-side, you'll find it here in this 25 minute-long feature of the NS Harrisburg Line! Included are summer sightings of both Canadian Pacific haulage rights trains and an assortment of Norfolk Southern trains totalling 15 individually unique sightings! What a better way than to start off with classic-powered CP train in the sweet morning light? A rare catch for this nocturnal train. 30J / 158 - 7/18/11 ICE SD40-2 6416 CP SD40-2 5908 ICE SD40-2 6214 Later that morning the interesting combination of power continued with automotive/intermodal train 212, note the rare and endangered SD50 in Conrail livery. 212 - 7/18/11 UP SD70M 4191 NS SD50 5438 "Conrail Quality" NS D9-40CW 9385 UP SD70M 4140 NS D8-40C 8709 NS D9-40CW 9547 Hotshot intermodal train 21M speeds west on the opposite main as it is a few miles from passing empty autorack train 11J who stopped at PRESCOTT. 21M - 7/22/11 NS SD70M-2 2691 UP AC45CCTE 5331 NS D9-40CW 9889 NS SD60M 6806 Roughly 5 minutes ahead of the CP train caught exactly one week prior, this one sneaks by with a leased "ghost" just after dawn. For the following days this train would return to the ghost in the night. 30J / 158 - 7/25/11 CITX SD40-2 3100 CP SD40-2 5963 That afternoon torrential rains moved in and caused flash flooding. Brand new GE products battle through the pouring rains. 517 - 7/25/11 NS ES44AC 8089 NS ES44AC 8081 A heavy 20K ...
http://wn.com/HD_Norfolk_Southern_Mainline_Amalgam_on_the_Harrisburg_Line
Whether it is leasers, historic or foreign catches, or just heavy freight trains ramming through the country-side, you'll find it here in this 25 minute-long feature of the NS Harrisburg Line! Included are summer sightings of both Canadian Pacific haulage rights trains and an assortment of Norfolk Southern trains totalling 15 individually unique sightings! What a better way than to start off with classic-powered CP train in the sweet morning light? A rare catch for this nocturnal train. 30J / 158 - 7/18/11 ICE SD40-2 6416 CP SD40-2 5908 ICE SD40-2 6214 Later that morning the interesting combination of power continued with automotive/intermodal train 212, note the rare and endangered SD50 in Conrail livery. 212 - 7/18/11 UP SD70M 4191 NS SD50 5438 "Conrail Quality" NS D9-40CW 9385 UP SD70M 4140 NS D8-40C 8709 NS D9-40CW 9547 Hotshot intermodal train 21M speeds west on the opposite main as it is a few miles from passing empty autorack train 11J who stopped at PRESCOTT. 21M - 7/22/11 NS SD70M-2 2691 UP AC45CCTE 5331 NS D9-40CW 9889 NS SD60M 6806 Roughly 5 minutes ahead of the CP train caught exactly one week prior, this one sneaks by with a leased "ghost" just after dawn. For the following days this train would return to the ghost in the night. 30J / 158 - 7/25/11 CITX SD40-2 3100 CP SD40-2 5963 That afternoon torrential rains moved in and caused flash flooding. Brand new GE products battle through the pouring rains. 517 - 7/25/11 NS ES44AC 8089 NS ES44AC 8081 A heavy 20K ...
- published: 02 Aug 2011
- views: 9410
- author: o00o00ozy
photo: AP / Karlos Manlupig
05 Dec 2012
The death toll from a powerful storm that hit the southern Philippines is continuing to rise, as rescue teams headed for affected areas. Typhoon Bopha struck Mindanao island on Tuesday, bringing rain and high winds. Tens of thousands were evacuated ahead of the storm, which is now passing over the western island of Palawan ... Water and mud rushed down mountainous slopes to engulf a school and a village hall serving as evacuation centres ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Bassem Tellawi
04 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON (AP) â President Barack Obama warned Syria on Monday that the use of chemical weapons would be "totally unacceptable" and that the country's leaders would be held accountable ... Obama stopped short of detailing those consequences....(size: 6.7Kb)
photo: AP / Nasser Nasser
05 Dec 2012
Police in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, have clashed with protesters angry at what they say is the rushed drafting of a new constitution and by President Morsi's recent extension of his powers. Tens of thousands of people had gathered outside the presidential palace. The police fired tear gas to disperse the crowd, some of whom managed to cut through barbed wire around the palace ... Press action ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: NATO
05 Dec 2012
BRUSSELS. NATO on Tuesday approved member state Turkey's request for Patriot missiles to defend its border against Syria following a series of blunt warnings to Damascus not to use chemical weapons ... "We say to anyone who would want to attack Turkey -- don't even think about it," he remarked, announcing the decision after the first day of a two-day meeting in Brussels ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: US Navy / Matthew Stroup
05 Dec 2012
ISAF today issued an operational update on combat operations in Afghanistan. It noted, among other things, that Afghan and coalition security forces conducted an operation in Watahpur district yesterday that resulted in the “death of insurgent leader Mohammad Yar Gul.” ... Mohammed Yar Gul coordinated the movement of insurgent fighters throughout Kunar province ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Daily Press
06 Dec 2012
They want about 1,600. Earlier this week, they had all of 12 ... Pacific Ocean ... Naval Station Norfolk ... The group is sponsoring four distributions, two in Norfolk, one in Hampton and one at Fort Lee in Petersburg ... Last weekend, most attention at Naval Station Norfolk focused on a certain 51-year-old aircraft carrier being retired from active service. But we shouldn't forget two other ships that arrived back in Norfolk on Sunday and Monday ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
The Examiner
06 Dec 2012
There has been an accident in Glade Spring, Virginia, tonight, December 5, 2012, involving a flatbed truck and a train. Preliminary reports indicate that there is at least one fatality. Scanner Feed Facebook page shares that the Norfolk Southern investigators arrived around 6 p.m ... Location ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
CNN
06 Dec 2012
Franchise player. David Wright is the Mets' career leader in hits, RBIs, runs and walks. Mark Humphrey/AP. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) -- David Wright wore a shirt with blue. His tie was bright orange. While Tom Seaver, Dwight Gooden and Darryl Strawberry left, Wright is following through on his goal of playing his entire career with the New York Mets ... 20 ... Growing up he had rooted for the Mets because their Triple-A farm team was in Norfolk, Va ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
Philadelphia Daily News
06 Dec 2012
Paul Nussbaum, INQUIRER STAFF WRITER. Posted. Wednesday, December 5, 2012, 8.15 PM. The freight train that derailed in Paulsboro was required by railroad rules to stay off a troublesome bridge until the span was examined by a qualified railroad employee ... Laurel to cross ... From the News Desk. Latest Videos. breaking ... Pa ... and Norfolk Southern Corp., knew before the wreck that there were problems with the Paulsboro bridge's mechanism and signal ... ....(size: 22.4Kb)
MSNBC
05 Dec 2012
Daily Press
05 Dec 2012
NORFOLK—. A was body Wednesday morning off of Interstate 264, Virginia State Police said ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
BBC News
05 Dec 2012
Daily Press
05 Dec 2012
Bob McDonnnell. McDonnell appointed real estate attorney Allen C ... In July, McDonnell appointed citizen representatives for other HRT member cities that include Hampton, Chesapeake, Portsmouth and Norfolk ... Norfolk (Norfolk, Virginia) ... AAA ... The appointments came in response to General Assembly legislation from 2011 that was passed in the wake of huge cost overruns and mismanagement associated with construction of Norfolk's light rail line ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
MSNBC
05 Dec 2012
The Norfolk Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office has withdrawn a charge against a Virginia Beach councilman accused of domestic violence ... Wednesday, Amanda Howie with the Norfolk Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Office told WAVY.com the evidence against Uhrin did not rise to the level of domestic assault ......(size: 1.7Kb)
BBC News
05 Dec 2012
Iain Dyer, GB Cycling sprint coach (Norfolk) Young SPOTY. Jessica-Jane Applegate, London 2012 Paralympic freestyle swimming gold medallist (Norfolk) School of the Year ... Bedfordshire-born Pendelton was awarded the title of Olympic Legend after taking her overall Olympic gold medal tally to two at London 2012, while her sprint coach at Team GB Iain Dyer, from Norfolk, was Coach of the Year....(size: 7.1Kb)
MSNBC
05 Dec 2012
The City of Norfolk began restoration work at Lambert's Point Golf Course after the area suffered heavy erosion following Hurricane Sandy ......(size: 1.2Kb)
MSNBC
05 Dec 2012
MSNBC
05 Dec 2012
Media outlets report the 10-acre solar farm just outside of Naval Station Norfolk contains more than 8,600 panels ... That's about 2 percent of the electricity required to run Naval Station Norfolk, the world's largest naval ......(size: 1.3Kb)
This article is about the county in England. For the city in the United States, see Norfolk, Virginia. For other uses of the term "Norfolk", see Norfolk (disambiguation).
| Norfolk | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial and non-metropolitan county |
| Region | East of England[1] |
| Area - Total - Admin. council |
Ranked 5th 5,371 km2 (2,074 sq mi) Ranked 5th |
| Admin HQ | Norwich |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-NFK |
| ONS code | 33 |
| NUTS 3 | UKH13 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2010 est.) - Density - Admin. council |
Ranked 25th 862,400 161 /km2 (420 /sq mi) Ranked 7th |
| Ethnicity | 98.5% white |
| Politics | |
 Arms of Norfolk County Council with supporters Norfolk County Council http://www.norfolk.gov.uk/ |
|
| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | |
| Districts | |
|
|
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfək/) is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The city of Norwich is the county town at Norfolk which is fifth largest ceremonial county in England, with an area of 5,371 km² (2,074 sq mi).
Of the 34 non-metropolitan English counties, Norfolk is the seventh most populous, with a population of 850,800 (mid 2008). However, as a largely rural county it has a low population density, 155 people per square kilometre (or 401 per square mile). Norfolk has about one-thirtieth the population density of central London, the tenth lowest density county in the country, with 38% of the county’s population living in the four major built up areas of Norwich (195,000), Great Yarmouth (67,000), King's Lynn (41,000) and Thetford (22,000).[2] The Broads, a well known network of rivers and lakes, is located towards the county's east coast, bordering Suffolk. The area has the status of a National Park and is protected by the Broads Authority.[3] Historical sites, such as those in the centre of Norwich, also contribute to tourism.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: Prehistoric Norfolk
Main article: History of Norfolk
Norfolk was settled in pre-Roman times, with camps along the higher land in the west where flints could be quarried.[4] A Brythonic tribe, the Iceni, inhabited the county from the first century BC, to the end of the first century (AD). The Iceni revolted against the Roman invasion in 47 AD, and again in 60 AD led by Boudica. The crushing of the second rebellion opened the county to the Romans. During the Roman era in Norfolk roads and ports were constructed throughout the county and farming took place.
Situated on the east coast, Norfolk was vulnerable to invasions from Scandinavia and northern Europe, and forts were built to defend against the Angles and Saxons. By the 5th century the Angles, after whom East Anglia and England itself are named, had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", hence, "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Norfolk, and several adjacent areas, became the kingdom of East Anglia, later merging with Mercia and then Wessex. The influence of the Early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in "-ton", and "-ham", as well as "-by" or "-thorpe" for Danish place names, In the 9th century the region again came under attack, this time from Danes who killed the king, Edmund the Martyr. In the centuries before the Norman Conquest the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have been high, as by the time of the Conquest and Domesday Book survey, it was one of the most densely populated parts of the British Isles. During the high and late Middle Ages the county developed arable agriculture and woollen industries. Norfolk's prosperity at that time is evident from the county's large number of mediaeval churches: of an original total of over one thousand, 659 survive, more than in the whole of the rest of Great Britain.[5] The economy was in decline by the time of the Black Death, which dramatically reduced the population in 1349; suffice to say that the current population has yet to equal the population before that time. Over one-third of the population of Norwich died during a plague epidemic in 1579.[6] By the 16th century Norwich had grown to become the second largest city in England, but in 1665 the Great Plague again killed around one third of the population.[7] During the English Civil War Norfolk was largely Parliamentarian. The economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat, and during the industrial revolution Norfolk developed little industry except in Norwich and was a late addition to the railway network.
In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation. The first development in airfields came with the First World War; there was then a massive expansion during the Second World War with the growth of the Royal Air Force and the influx of the American USAAF 8th Air Force which operated from many Norfolk Airfields. During the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for cereal and oil seed rape growing. Norfolk's low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to the sea, the most recent major event being the North Sea flood of 1953.
The low-lying section of coast between Kelling and Lowestoft Ness in Suffolk is currently managed by the Environment Agency to protect the Broads from sea flooding. Management policy for the North Norfolk coastline is described in the North Norfolk Shoreline Management Plan which was published in 2006 but has yet to be accepted by the local authorities.[8] The Shoreline Management Plan states that the stretch of coast will be protected for at least another 50 years, but that in the face of sea level rise and post-glacial lowering of land levels in the South East, there is an urgent need for further research to inform future management decisions, including the possibility that the sea defences may have to be realigned to a more sustainable position. Natural England have contributed some research into the impacts on the environment of various realignment options. The draft report of their research was leaked to the press, who created great anxiety by reporting that Natural England plan to abandon a large section of the Norfolk Broads, villages and farmland to the sea to save the rest of the Norfolk coastline from the impact of climate change.[9]
Economy and industry[link]
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In 1998 Norfolk had a Gross Domestic Product of £9,319 million, making it 1.5% of England's economy and 1.25% of the United Kingdom's economy. The GDP per head was £11,825, compared to £13,635 for East Anglia, £12,845 for England and £12,438 for the United Kingdom. In 1999–2000 the county had an unemployment rate of 5.6%, compared to 5.8% for England and 6.0% for the UK.[10]
Important business sectors include tourism, energy (oil, gas and renewables), advanced engineering and manufacturing and food and farming.
Much of Norfolk's fairly flat and fertile land has been drained for use as arable land. The principal arable crops are sugar beet, wheat, barley (for brewing) and oil seed rape. Over 20% of employment in the county is in the agricultural and food industries.[11]
Well-known companies in Norfolk are Aviva (formerly Norwich Union), Colman's (part of Unilever) and Bernard Matthews Farms. The Construction Industry Training Board is based on the former airfield of RAF Bircham Newton. The BBC East region is centred on Norwich, although it covers an area as far west as Milton Keynes.
New Anglia Local Enterprise Partnership has been recently established by business leaders to help grow jobs across Norfolk and Suffolk. They have secured an enterprise zone to help grow businesses in the energy sector and established the two counties as being a centre for growing services and products for the green economy.
To help local industry in Norwich, Norfolk, the local council offered a wireless internet service but this has now been withdrawn following the end of the funding period.[12]
Education[link]
Primary and secondary education[link]
Norfolk has a completely comprehensive state education system, with secondary school age from 11 to 16 or in some schools with sixth forms, 18 years old. In many of the rural areas, there is no nearby sixth form and so Sixth form colleges are found in larger towns. There are twelve independent, or private schools, including Gresham's School in Holt in the north of the county, Thetford Grammar School in Thetford--Britain's fourth oldest school, Langley School in Loddon, the original Norwich boys school, Norwich School and Norwich High School for Girls in the city of Norwich itself. The Kings Lynn district has the largest school population. Norfolk is also home to Wymondham College, the UK's largest remaining state boarding school.
Tertiary education[link]
The University of East Anglia is located on the outskirts of Norwich and Norwich University College of the Arts (previously Norwich School of Art and Design) is based in seven buildings in and around St George's Street in the city centre, next to the River Wensum.
The City College Norwich and the College of West Anglia are colleges covering Norwich and Kings Lynn as well as Norfolk as a whole. Easton College, 7 miles (11 km) west of Norwich, provides agriculture-based courses for the county, parts of Suffolk and nationally.
University Campus Suffolk also run higher education courses in Norfolk, from multiple locations including Great Yarmouth College.[13]
Politics[link]
Norfolk is a shire county, under the control of Norfolk County Council. This is divided into seven local government districts, Breckland District, Broadland District, Great Yarmouth Borough, King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough, North Norfolk District, Norwich City and South Norfolk. As of 2011 the Conservatives control all of the six districts outside Norwich, while Norwich remains under No Overall Control with Labour as the largest party.
The county is traditionally a stronghold for the Conservatives, who have always won at least 50% of Norfolk's constituencies since 1979. The countryside is, as expected, mostly solid Conservative territory, with a few areas being strong for the Liberal Democrats. North Norfolk is competitive between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. From 1995 to 2007, South Norfolk was run by the Liberal Democrats, however the district switched back to the Conservatives in a landslide in 2007.
Norfolk's urban areas are more mixed, although Norwich and central parts of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn are strong for the Labour Party UK. This said, Labour's dominance in Norwich has recently been stemmed by the Green Party, who are now the official opposition on Norwich City Council and also hold the greatest number of divisions within the city on Norfolk County Council.
In October 2006, the Department for Communities and Local Government produced a Local Government White Paper inviting councils to submit proposals for unitary restructuring. Norwich submitted its proposal in January 2007, which was rejected in December 2007, as it did not meet all the rigorous criteria for acceptance. In February 2008, the Boundary Committee for England, (from 1 April 2010 incorporated in the Local Government Boundary Commission for England), was then asked to consider alternative proposals for the whole or part of Norfolk, including whether Norwich should become a unitary authority, separate from Norfolk County Council. In December 2009, the Boundary Committee recommended a single unitary authority covering all of Norfolk, including Norwich.[14][15][16][17]
However, on 10 February 2010, it was announced that, contrary to the December 2009 recommendation of the Boundary Committee, Norwich would be given separate unitary status.[18] The proposed change was strongly resisted, principally by Norfolk County Council and the Conservative opposition in Parliament.[19] Reacting to the announcement, Norfolk County Council issued a statement that it would seek leave to challenge the decision in the courts.[20] A letter was leaked to the local media, in which the Permanent Secretary for the Department for Communities and Local Government noted that the decision did not meet all the criteria and that the risk of it "being successfully challenged in judicial review proceedings is very high".[21] The Shadow Local Government and Planning Minister, Bob Neill, stated that should the Conservative Party win the 2010 general election, they would reverse the decision.[22]
Following the 2010 general election, Eric Pickles was appointed Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government on 12 May 2010 in a Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government. According to press reports, he instructed his department to take urgent steps to reverse the decision and maintain the status quo in line with the Conservative Party manifesto.[23][24] However, the unitary plans were supported by the Liberal Democrat group on the city council, and by Simon Wright, LibDem MP for Norwich South, who intended to lobby the party leadership to allow the changes to go ahead.[25]
The Local Government Act 2010 to reverse the unitary decision for Norwich (and Exeter and Suffolk) received Royal Assent on 16 December 2010. The disputed award of unitary status had meanwhile been referred to the High Court, and on 21 June 2010 the court (Mr. Justice Ouseley, judge) ruled it unlawful, and revoked it. The city has therefore failed to attain permanent unitary status, and the previous 2-tier arrangement of County and District Councils (with Norwich City Council counted among the latter) remains the status quo.[26]
Norfolk County Council is Conservative-controlled and led by Derrick Murphy. There are 63 Conservative councillors, 11 Liberal Democrat councillors, 5 Green Party councillors, 3 Labour councillors and 1 UKIP councillor.[27] There was a 63% turnout at the most recent local election.
Following the May 2010 General Election, Norfolk is represented in the House of Commons by seven Conservative Members of Parliament and two Liberal Democrats. The Labour Party have lost the urban areas of Norwich and Great Yarmouth in recent elections, leaving them with no Commons representative in East Anglia; the former Home Secretary Charles Clarke being a high level casualty in the 2010 election.
| Parliamentary 6 May 2010 | County Council 4 June 2009 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | Votes % | Seats | Seats % | Party | Votes | Votes % | Seats | Seats % | ||
| Conservative | 188,944 | 43.1% | 7 | 77.8% | Conservative | 115,396 | 45.9% | 60 | 71.4% | ||
| Liberal Democrat | 121,710 | 27.8% | 2 | 22.2% | Liberal Democrat | 56,998 | 22.7% | 13 | 15.5% | ||
| Labour | 83,088 | 19.0% | 0 | 0% | Green | 18,786 | 10.8% | 7 | 8.3% | ||
| UKIP | 20,182 | 4.6% | 0 | 0% | Labour | 33,873 | 13.5% | 3 | 3.6% | ||
| Others [1] | 24,302 | 5.5% | 0 | 0% | Others [2] | 17,764 | 7.1% | 1 | 1.2% | ||
| Totals | 438,226 | 9 | 251,351 | 84 | |||||||
| Turnout | 66.8% | 38.6% | |||||||||
[1] Green, LCA, Independents, Others
[2] UKIP, LCA, Independents, Others
Settlements[link]
Norfolk's county town and only city is Norwich, one of the largest settlements in England during the Norman era. Norwich is home to the University of East Anglia, and is the county's main business and culture centre. Other principal towns include the port-town of King's Lynn and the seaside resort and Broads gateway town of Great Yarmouth.
Based on the 2001 Census the county's largest centres of population are: Norwich (259,100) Great Yarmouth (71,700) Kings Lynn (43,100) Thetford (21,588) Dereham (15,659) Wymondham (12,539) North Walsham (11,998) Cromer (7,749) Fakenham (7,357) Swaffham (6,935) There are also several smaller market towns: Aylsham, Downham Market, Diss, Holt, Hunstanton, Sheringham and Harleston.
Transport[link]
Further information: Railways in Norfolk
Norfolk is one of the few counties in England that does not have a motorway. The A11 connects Norfolk to Cambridge and London via the M11. From the west there only two routes from Norfolk that have a direct link with the A1, the A47 which runs into the East Midlands and to Birmingham via Peterborough and the A17 which runs into the East Midlands via Lincolnshire. These two routes meet at King's Lynn which is also the starting place for the A10 which provides West Norfolk with a direct link to London via Ely, Cambridge and Hertford . The Great Eastern Main Line is a major railway from London Liverpool Street Station to Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk. Norwich International Airport, offers flights within Europe including a link to Amsterdam which offers onward flights throughout the world.
Dialect, accent and nickname[link]
Main article: Norfolk dialect
The Norfolk dialect is also known as "Broad Norfolk", although over the modern age much of the vocabulary and many of the phrases have died out due to a number of factors, such as radio, TV and people from other parts of the country coming to Norfolk. As a result, the speech of Norfolk is more of an accent than a dialect, though one part retained from the Norfolk dialect is the distinctive grammar of the region.[citation needed]
People from Norfolk are sometimes known as Norfolk Dumplings,[28] an allusion to the flour dumplings that were traditionally a significant part of the local diet.[29]
More cutting, perhaps, was the pejorative medical slang term "Normal for Norfolk",[30] alluding to the county's perceived status as an illiterate incestuous backwater. The term has never been official, and is now discredited, its use discouraged by the profession.[citation needed]
Tourism[link]
Norfolk is a popular tourist destination and has several major examples of holiday attractions. There are many seaside resorts, including some of the finest British beaches, such as those at Great Yarmouth, Waxham, Cromer and Holkham bay. Norfolk is probably best known for the Broads and other areas of outstanding natural beauty and many areas of the coast are wild bird sanctuaries and reserves with some areas designated as National Parks such as the Norfolk Coast AONB. Tourists and locals enjoy the wide variety of monuments and historical buildings in both Norfolk and the city of Norwich.
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The historic city of Norwich -
The Norfolk Coast at Cromer -
WroxhamBridge.jpg
The Norfolk Broads -
The beach at Holkham Bay
The Queen's residence at Sandringham House in Sandringham, Norfolk provides an all year round tourist attraction whilst the coast and some rural areas are popular locations for people from the conurbations to purchase weekend holiday homes. Arthur Conan Doyle first conceived the idea for The Hound Of The Baskervilles whilst holidaying in Cromer with Bertram Fletcher Robinson after hearing local folklore tales regarding the mysterious hound known as Black Shuck.[31][32]
Amusement parks and zoos[link]
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Norfolk has several amusement parks and zoos.
Thrigby Hall near Great Yarmouth was built in 1736 by Joshua Smith Esquire and features a zoo which houses a large Tiger enclosure, primate enclosures and the swamp house which has many Crocodiles and Alligators.
Pettitts Animal Adventure Park at Reedham is a park with a mix of Animals, rides and live entertainment shows.
Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach is a free-entry theme park, hosting over 20 large rides as well as a crazy golf course, water attractions, children's rides and "white knuckle" rides.
BeWILDerwood is an award winning adventure park situated in the Norfolk Broads and is the setting for the book A Boggle at BeWILDerwood by local children's author Tom Blofeld.
Britannia Pier on the coast of Great Yarmouth has rides which include a ghost train. Also on the Pier is the famous Britannia Pier Theatre.
Banham Zoo is set amongst 35 acres (140,000 m2) of parkland and gardens with innovative enclosures providing sanctuary for almost 1000 animals including big cats, birds of prey, siamangs and shire horses. Its annual visitor attendance is in excess of 200,000 people, and has often been awarded the prize of Norfolk's Top Attraction, by numerous different organisations, including "Best Large Attraction" by Tourism In Norfolk in 2010.
Amazona Zoo is situated on 10 acres (40,000 m2) of derelict woodland and abandoned brick kilns on the outskirts of Cromer and is home to a range of tropical South American animals including jaguars, otters, monkeys and flamingos.
Amazonia is a tropical jungle environment in Great Yarmouth housing over 70 different species of reptiles including lizards, crocodiles, snakes, tortoises and terrapins.
Extreeme Adventure is a high ropes course built in some of the tallest trees in eastern England. in the 'New Wood' part of Weasenham Woods, Norfolk.
The Sea Life Centre in Great Yarmouth is One of the biggest sea life centres in the country. The Great Yarmouth centre is home to a tropical shark display, one resident of which is Britain's biggest shark 'Nobby' the Nurse Shark. The same display, with its walk-through underwater tunnel, also features the wreckage of a World War II aircraft. The centre also includes over 50 native species including shrimps, starfish, sharks, stingrays and Conger eels.
The Sea Life Sanctuary in Hunstanton is Norfolk's leading marine rescue centre and works both as a visitor attraction as well as a location for rescuing and rehabilitating sick and injured sea creatures found in the nearby Wash and North Sea. The attractions main features are similar to that of the Sea Life Centre in Great Yarmouth, albeit on a slightly smaller scale.
Theatres[link]
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File:NorwichPlayhouse.JPG
Norwich Playhouse
The Pavilion Theatre(Cromer) is a 510-seater venue perched on the end of Cromer pier, best known for hosting the famous' end-of-the-pier' show, the Seaside Special. The theatre also presents a high-quality mix of comedy, music, dance, opera, musicals and community shows.
Britannia Pier Theatre (Great Yarmouth) host mainly popular comedy acts such as the Chuckle Brothers and Jim Davidson. the theatre seats 1200 seats and is one of the largest in Norfolk.
Theatre Royal (Norwich) has been on its present site for nearly 250 years, the Act of Parliament in the tenth year of the reign of George II having been rescinded in 1761. The 1300-seat theatre, the largest in the city, hosts a mix of national touring productions including musicals, dance, drama, family shows, stand-up comedians, opera and pop.
Norwich Playhouse (Norwich) is a superb venue in the heart of the city and one of the most modern performance spaces of its size in East Anglia. The theatre has a seating capacity of 300.
The Maddermarket Theatre (Norwich) opened in 1921 and was the first permanent recreation of an Elizabethan Theatre. The founder was Nugent Monck who had worked with William Poel. The Theatre is a world class Shakespearean style play house and has a seating capacity of 310.
Norwich Puppet Theatre (Norwich) was founded in 1979 by Ray and Joan DaSilva as a permanent base for their touring company and was first opened as a public venue in 1980, following the conversion of the medieval church of St. James in the heart of Norwich. Under subsequent artistic directors – Barry Smith and Luis Z. Boy – the theatre established its current pattern of operation. It is a nationally unique venue dedicated to puppetry, and currently houses a 185 seat raked auditorium, 50 seat Octagon Studio, workshops, an exhibition gallery, shop and licensed bar. It is the only theatre in the Eastern region with a year-round programme of family-centred entertainment.
The Garage studio theatre (Norwich) can seat up to 110 people in a range of different layouts. It can also be used for standing events and can accommodate up to 180 people. The high specification of equipment and design means that it is particularly versatile, and can be adapted to a variety of layouts offering a wide choice for performances or events.
The CCN Drama Centre (Norwich) is in the grounds of City College Norwich (CCN), and has a massive stage. The theatre mainly plays host to Broadway style American musicals and has, in the past, presented shows such as Bugsy Malone and Copacabana and in May 2010 saw the highly successful, Thirst Productions Guys and Dolls. The theatre is raked and seats about 220 people.
The Sewell Barn Theatre (Norwich) is the smallest theatre in Norwich and has a seating capacity of just 100. The auditorium features raked seating on three sides of an open acting space. This unusual staging helps to draw the audience deeply into the performance.
The Norwich Arts Centre (Norwich) theatre opened in 1977 in St. Benedict's Street, and has a capacity of 290.
The Princess Theatre (Hunstanton) stands overlooking the Wash and green in the busy East Coast resort of Hunstanton. The Princess Theatre is a 472 seat venue dubbed as one of the friendliest theatres in the country by artists who have performed there. Open all year round, the theatre plays host to a wide variety of shows from comedy to drama, celebrity shows to music for all tastes and children's productions. The venue also has a six week summer season plus an annual Christmas pantomime.
Sheringham Little Theatre (Sheringham) provides intimate and comfortable seating for 180. The theatre programmes a wide variety of plays, musicals, music and also shows films.
The Gorleston Pavilion (Gorleston) is an original Edwardian building with a seating capacity of 300, situated on the Norfolk coast. The theatre stages plays, pantomimes, musicals, concerts as well as the popular 26 week Summer Season.
Notable people from Norfolk[link]
Further information: Category:People from Norfolk
- Peter Bellamy, folk singer and musician, who was brought up in North Norfolk
- Henry Blofeld, Cricket commentator
- Henry Blogg, the UK's most decorated lifeboatman, who was from Cromer
- Francis Blomefield, Anglican rector, early topographical historian of Norfolk
- James Blunt, English acoustic folk rock singer-songwriter who was raised in Norfolk during his childhood
- James Blyth, author of weird fiction and crime mysteries, many of which are set in and around the Norfolk Broads
- Boudica, scourge of the occupying Roman Army in first century Britain and queen of the Iceni, British tribe occupying an area slightly larger than modern Norfolk
- Sir Thomas Browne, English Renaissance writer, physician and early archaeologist
- Martin Brundle, former motor-racing driver and now a commentator was born in King's Lynn
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, writer, born at Heydon
- Dave Bussey, former BBC Radio 2 and current BBC Radio Lincolnshire presenter
- Howard Carter, archaeologist who discovered Tutankhamun's tomb; his childhood was spent primarily in Swaffham
- Edith Cavell, a nurse executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of prisoners in World War I
- Nick Conrad, UK speech radio presenter, born in Norwich
- Deaf Havana, Alternative rockband from the King's Lynn area.
- Cathy Dennis, singer and songwriter, from Norwich
- Diana, Princess of Wales, first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, was born and grew up near Sandringham
- Anthony Duckworth-Chad, landowner and Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk
- Sir James Dyson, inventor and entrepreneur, was born at Cromer, grew up at Holt and was educated at Gresham's School
- Bill (1916–1986), Brian (1922–2009), Eric (1914–1993), Geoff (1918–2004), John (1937–), and Justin (1961–) Edrich, cricketers
- E-Z Rollers, Drum and bass group was formed in Norwich.
- Nathan Fake, electronic dance music producer/DJ
- Pablo Fanque, equestrian and popular Victorian circus proprietor, whose 1843 poster advertisement inspired The Beatles song, Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!, born in Norwich
- Natasha and Ralph Firman, racing drivers, were both born and brought up in Norfolk and educated at Gresham's School
- Caroline Flack, television presenter, who grew up in East Wretham and went to school in Watton
- Margaret Fountaine, butterfly collector, was born in Norfolk, and her collection is housed in Norwich Castle Museum
- Elizabeth Fry, prominent 19th century Quaker prison reformer pictured on the Bank of England £5 note, born and raised in Norwich
- Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, writer, producer, director and author who was born in London and was brought up in the village of Booton near Reepham and also briefly attended Gresham's School. He now has a second home near King's Lynn.
- Samuel Fuller, signed the Mayflower Compact
- Claire Goose, actress who starred in Casualty, was raised in Norfolk
- Roderick Gordon, writer of Tunneles series.
- Ed Graham, drummer of Lowestoft band The Darkness, was born in Great Yarmouth
- Sienna Guillory, actress, from north Norfolk, who was educated at Gresham's School
- Sir Henry Rider Haggard, novelist, author of She, King Solomon's Mines, born Bradenham 1856 and lived after his marriage at Ditchingham
- Jake Humphrey, BBC presenter, spent most of his childhood in Norwich
- Andy Hunt, footballer, grew up in Ashill.
- Julian of Norwich, mediaeval mystic, born probably in Norwich in 1342; lived much of her life as a recluse in Norwich
- Robert Kett,leader of Kett's Rebellion in East Anglia 1549, from Wymondham
- Sid Kipper, Norfolk humourist, author, songwriter and singer
- Myleene Klass, former Hear'Say singer, comes from Gorleston
- Holly Lerski, singer and songwriter, former member of the band Angelou, grew up and resides in Norfolk
- Henry Leslie, actor and playwright, born 1830 at Walsoken.
- Samuel Lincoln, ancestor of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
- Matthew Macfadyen, actor who starred in Spooks, was born in Great Yarmouth
- Ruth Madoc, actress, was born in Norwich
- Kenneth McKee, surgeon who pioneered hip replacement surgery techniques, lived in Tacolneston
- Roger Taylor, drummer of the rock band Queen was born in King's Lynn and spent the early part of his childhood in Norfolk.
- Danny Mills, footballer, born in Norwich.
- Horatio, Lord Nelson, Admiral and British hero who played a major role in the Battle of Trafalgar, born and schooled in Norfolk.
- Nimmo Twins, sketch comedy duo well known in Norfolk
- King Olav V of Norway, born at Flitcham on the Sandringham estate
- Beth Orton, singer/songwriter, was born in Dereham and raised in Norwich.
- Thomas Paine, philosopher, born in Thetford.
- Ronan Parke, Britain's Got Talent 2011 finalist and runner up.
- Margaret Paston, author of many of the Paston Letters, born 1423, lived at Gresham.
- Barry Pinches, snooker player who comes from Norwich.
- Matthew Pinsent, Olympic champion rower, was born in Holt.
- Prasutagus, 1st century king of the Iceni, who occupied roughly the area which is now Norfolk
- Philip Pullman, author, born in Norwich
- Anna Sewell, writer, author of Black Beauty, born at Great Yarmouth, lived part of her life at Old Catton near Norwich and buried at Lamas, near Buxton.
- Thomas Shadwell, playwright, satirist and Poet Laureate
- Allan Smethurst, 'The Singing Postman' who sang songs in his Norfolk dialect, was from Sheringham
- Hannah Spearritt, actress and former S Club 7 singer, who is from Gorleston
- Peter Trudgill, sociolinguist specialising in accents and dialects including his own native Norfolk dialect, was born and bred in Norwich
- George Vancouver, born King's Lynn. Captain and explorer in the Royal Navy
- Stella Vine, English artist, spent many of her early years in Norwich
- Sir Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford, regarded as the first British prime minister
- Tim Westwood, rap DJ and Radio 1 presenter, grew up in and around Norwich
- Parson Woodforde, 18th century clergyman and diarist
People associated with Norfolk[link]
The following people were not born or brought up in Norfolk but are long-term residents of Norfolk, are well known for living in Norfolk at some point in their lives, or have contributed in some significant way to the county.
- Verily Anderson, writer, lived in North Norfolk.
- Julian Assange, Australian publisher, journalist, writer, computer programmer, Internet activist and editor in chief of WikiLeaks, lived since 16 December 2010 in Ellingham Hall, the mansion of Vaughan Smith, under house arrest whilst fighting extradition to Sweden, before relocating to Kent in December 2011
- Bill Bryson, writer, has lived in the county since 2003.
- Adam Buxton, comedian and one half of Adam and Joe, moved to Norfolk in 2008
- Richard Condon (impresario), Theatre Royal, Norwich and Pavilion Theatre, Cromer Pier manager
- Revd Richard Enraght, 19th century clergyman, religious controversialist, Rector of St Swithun, Bintree
- Liza Goddard TV and stage actress, lives in the village of Syderstone.
- Trisha Goddard, TV personality, lives in Norwich and writes a column in the local newspaper the Eastern Daily Press.
- John Major British Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997, has a holiday home in Weybourne.
- Ronan Parke,child singer.
- Alan Partridge, fictional character associated with radio show Norfolk Nights
- Pocahontas, who lived at Heacham Hall for part of her life
- Martin Shaw, stage, television and film actor, is based in Norfolk.
- Delia Smith, cookery writer and major Norwich City Football Club shareholder
- John Wilson, angler, writer and broadcaster
See also[link]
- Duke of Norfolk
- Earl of Norfolk
- List of Lord Lieutenants of Norfolk
- List of High Sheriffs of Norfolk
- Custos Rotulorum of Norfolk – List of Keepers of the Rolls
- Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency) – List of MPs for the Norfolk constituency
- List of places in Norfolk
- List of future transport developments in the East of England
- List of Parliamentary constituencies in Norfolk
- Norfolk Terrier
- Norwich Terrier
- Recreational walks in Norfolk
- Royal Norfolk Regiment
Media related to Norfolk at Wikimedia Commons
References[link]
- ^ Hierarchical list of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics and the statistical regions of Europe The European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Communities (retrieved 6 January 2008)
- ^ http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls
- ^ http://www.broads-authority.gov.uk/index.html
- ^ John Barwell, n.d. "A History of Norfolk."
- ^ [www.geograph.org.uk/article/Medieval-Churches-in-Norfolk]
- ^ "Voices of the Powerless: Boils and Buboes". BBC Radio 4. 29 August 2002. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/voices/voices_salisbury.shtml. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
- ^ Anon, 2002. Norfolk History.
- ^ "Shoreline Management Plan". north-norfolk.org. 22 February 2008. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080608020113/http://www.north-norfolk.gov.uk/coastal/default_5265.asp. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ Elliott, Valerie (29 March 2008). "Climate change: surrender a slab of Norfolk, say conservationists". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3642929.ece. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
- ^ Office for National Statistics, 2001. Regional Trends 26 ch:14.7 (PDF). Accessed 3 January 2006.
- ^ Invest in Norfolk, Agriculture and Food.
- ^ Hayes Computing Solutions (HCOMS) ::[dead link]
- ^ University Campus Suffolk-Great Yarmouth college Retrieved 30 June 2011
- ^ "Local Government White Paper, Strong and Prosperous Communities". Norfolk County Council. http://www.norfolk.gov.uk/consumption/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=3679. Retrieved 10 September 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "The business case for unitary Norwich". Norwich City Council. http://www.norwich.gov.uk/site_files/pages/City_Council__Unitary_Council__The_business_case.html. Retrieved 13 February 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Proposals for future unitary structures: Stakeholder consultation". Communities and Local Government. http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1509022. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "Our advice to the Secretary of State on unitary local government in Norfolk (PDF Document)". The Boundary Committee. 7 December 2009. http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce-documents/draftfinal-reports-and-consultation-papers/2009/norfolk-sr-final-dec09.pdf.
- ^ "Minister's Statement of 10 February 2010". Communities and Local Government. http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/localgovernment/1463780. Retrieved 13 February 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Unitary Authorities". House of Commons Hansard Debates. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 24 February 2009. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090224/halltext/90224h0001.htm. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "Reaction to announcement on Local Government Reorganisation Announcement". News Archive. Norfolk County Council. 10 February 2010. http://www.norfolk.gov.uk/consumption/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&ssDocName=NCC074317&ssSourceNodeId=&ssTargetNodeId=3018. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "Peter Housden's letter in full". Eastern Daily Press. 12 February 2010. http://www.edp24.co.uk/content/edp24/news/story.aspx?brand=EDPOnline&category=NewsSplash&tBrand=EDPOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=NOED11%20Feb%202010%2020%3A18%3A28%3A560.
- ^ Shaun Lowthorpe (2 February 2010). "At last, a verdict on Norfolk councils' future". Eastern Daily Pres. http://www.edp24.co.uk/content/edp24/news/story.aspx?brand=EDPOnline&category=NewsSplash&tBrand=EDPOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=NOED02+Feb+2010+09%3A25%3A04%3A570.
- ^ Lowthorpe, Shaun (14 May 2010). "Government chief moves to axe Norwich unitary plans". Eastern Daily Press. http://www.edp24.co.uk/content/edp24/news/story.aspx?brand=EDPOnline&category=News&tBrand=EDPOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=NOED13%20May%202010%2019%3A12%3A43%3A450.
- ^ "Pickles stops unitary councils in Exeter, Norwich and Suffolk". Department for Communities and Local Government. http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/159177711. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ "New bid to end unitary plans". Yarmouth Mercury. 17 May 2010. http://www.greatyarmouthmercury.co.uk/content/yarmouthmercury/news/story.aspx?brand=GYMOnline&category=news&tBrand=GYMonline&tCategory=news&itemid=NOED17%20May%202010%2009%3A50%3A04%3A040.
- ^ "September by-elections for Exeter and Norwich". BBC News. 19 July 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-10687867. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ BBC News, Election 2009, Norfolk County Council. [1].
- ^ Norfolk dumpling Retrieved 23 June 2011
- ^ Nicknames Retrieved 29 June 2011
- ^ Doctor slang is a dying art BBC News, 18 August 2003
- ^ ''The Bookbag''. Thebookbag.co.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ ''The District Messenger''. (PDF) . Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Norfolk, England |
- Norfolk at the Open Directory Project
- Official Visitor site for the East of England
- East of England Tourism
- Eastern Daily Press – Norfolk Newspaper
- Norfolk County Council
- Norfolk tourism (official site)
- Norfolk Tourist Information & Articles
- Norfolk Tourist Information
- "60 Years of Change". A digital story, telling of the changes in a village school in rural Norfok
- Photos of Norfolk
- Norfolk Rural Community Council, supports communities across Norfolk
- Norfolk E-Map Explorer – historical maps and aerial photographs of Norfolk
- Gallery of Norfolk – Photographs of Norfolk
- Photographs of North Norfolk
- Norfolk Record Office – Government agency that collects and preserves records of historical significance for the county of Norfolk and makes them accessible to the public. Useful for genealogical research.
- Norfolk County Council YouTube channel
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http://it.wn.com/Norfolk
http://cs.wn.com/Norfolk (anglické hrabství)
http://id.wn.com/Norfolk
http://es.wn.com/Norfolk
http://ru.wn.com/Норфолк
http://pl.wn.com/Norfolk (Anglia)
http://fr.wn.com/Norfolk (comté)
http://de.wn.com/Norfolk
http://hi.wn.com/नॉर्फ़क
http://pt.wn.com/Norfolk (Inglaterra)
http://nl.wn.com/Norfolk (graafschap)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mike Kostka | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1985-11-28) November 28, 1985 (age 26) Ajax, ON, CAN |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight | 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb) |
| Position | Defence |
| Shoots | Right |
| NHL team (P) Cur. team |
Tampa Bay Lightning Norfolk Admirals (AHL) |
| NHL Draft | Undrafted |
| Playing career | 2008–present |
Mike Kostka (born November 28, 1985) is a professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with the Norfolk Admirals of the American Hockey League.
Contents |
Playing career[link]
After playing four seasons at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, he was signed to a professional contract by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League on March 25, 2008. He was assigned to the organization's American Hockey League affiliate (at the time), the Rochester Americans. In his second professional season he moved with the Sabres to new affiliate, the Portland Pirates before returning after two years to sign with the Rochester Americans for the 2010–11 season on August 24, 2010.[1]
On June 30, 2011, Kostka was signed to a one-year NHL contract with then Rochester affiliate, the Florida Panthers.[2]
On December 2, 2011, Kostka was traded by the Panthers, along with Evan Oberg, to the Tampa Bay Lightning for James Wright and Mike Vernace.[3]
Career statistics[link]
| Regular season | Playoffs | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
| 2001–02 | Ajax Axemen | OPJHL | 19 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2002–03 | Ajax Axemen | OPJHL | 39 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2003–04 | Aurora Tigers | OPJHL | 42 | 9 | 27 | 36 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2004–05 | U. of Massachusetts-Amherst | HE | 32 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2005–06 | U. of Massachusetts-Amherst | HE | 36 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2006–07 | U. of Massachusetts-Amherst | HE | 39 | 3 | 15 | 18 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2007–08 | U. of Massachusetts-Amherst | HE | 36 | 9 | 12 | 21 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2007–08 | Rochester Americans | AHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2008–09 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 80 | 4 | 26 | 30 | 33 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | ||
| 2009–10 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 76 | 2 | 25 | 27 | 37 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2010–11 | Rochester Americans | AHL | 80 | 16 | 39 | 55 | 46 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| AHL totals | 237 | 22 | 90 | 112 | 116 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | ||||
References[link]
- ^ "Panthers sign Foster, Kostka to American League deals". Florida Panthers. 2010-08-24. http://panthers.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=536363. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
- ^ "Panther sign Mike Kostka to two-way deal". Sun-Sentinel. 2011-06-30. http://blogs.sun-sentinel.com/sports_hockey_panthers/2011/06/panthers-sign-rochester-d-mike-kosta-to-two-way-deal.html. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
- ^ "Lightning trade Wright, Vernace to Panther for Kostka, Oberg". The Sports Network. 2011-12-02. http://www.tsn.ca/tradecentre/story/?id=381830. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
External links[link]
- Mike Kostka's career stats at Eliteprospects.com
- Mike Kostka's career stats at The Internet Hockey Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kostka, Mike |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Canadian ice hockey player |
| Date of birth | November 28, 1985 |
| Place of birth | Ajax, ON, CAN |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey defenceman born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Mike_Kostka
Related pages:
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Vaughan Williams" redirects here. For the Vaughan Williams classification, see antiarrhythmic agent.
File:Vaughan-Williams-by-Rothenstein.jpg
Vaughan Williams in 1919, by William Rothenstein
Ralph Vaughan Williams OM ( /ˌreɪf ˌvɔːn ˈwɪliəmz/;[1] 12 October 1872 – 26 August 1958) was an English composer of symphonies, chamber music, opera, choral music, and film scores. He was also a collector of English folk music and song: this activity both influenced his editorial approach to the English Hymnal, beginning in 1904, in which he included many folk song arrangements set as hymn tunes, and also influenced several of his own original compositions.
Contents |
Life[link]
Early years[link]
Ralph Vaughan Williams was born on 12 October 1872 in Down Ampney, Gloucestershire, where his father, the Reverend Arthur Vaughan Williams (the surname Vaughan Williams is an unhyphenated double-barrelled name of Welsh origin), was vicar. Following his father's death in 1875 he was taken by his mother, Margaret Susan née Wedgwood (1843–1937), the great-granddaughter of the potter Josiah Wedgwood, to live with her family at Leith Hill Place, a Wedgwood family home in the Surrey Hills. He was also related to the Darwins, Charles Darwin being a great-uncle. Though born into the privileged intellectual upper middle class, Vaughan Williams never took it for granted and worked all his life for the democratic and egalitarian ideals in which he believed.[2]
As a student he had studied piano, "which I never could play, and the violin, which was my musical salvation." After Charterhouse School he attended the Royal College of Music (RCM) under Charles Villiers Stanford. He read history and music at Trinity College, Cambridge,[3] where his friends and contemporaries included the philosophers G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell. He then returned to the RCM and studied composition with Hubert Parry, who became a friend. One of his fellow pupils at the RCM was Leopold Stokowski and during 1896 they both studied organ under Sir Walter Parratt. Stokowski later went on to perform six of Vaughan Williams's symphonies for American audiences, making the first recording of the Sixth Symphony in 1949 with the New York Philharmonic, and giving the U.S. premiere of the Ninth Symphony in Carnegie Hall in 1958.
Another friendship made at the RCM, crucial to Vaughan Williams's development as a composer, was with fellow-student Gustav Holst whom he first met in 1895. From that time onwards they spent several 'field days' reading through and offering constructive criticism on each other's works in progress.[4]
Vaughan Williams's composition developed slowly and it was not until he was 30 that the song "Linden Lea" became his first publication. He mixed composition with conducting, lecturing and editing other music, notably that of Henry Purcell and the English Hymnal. He had already taken lessons with Max Bruch in Berlin in 1897 and in 1907–1908 took a big step forward in his orchestral style when he studied for three months in Paris with Maurice Ravel.[1]
In 1904, Vaughan Williams discovered English folk songs and carols, which were fast becoming extinct owing to the oral tradition through which they existed being undermined by the increase of literacy and printed music in rural areas. He travelled the countryside, transcribing and preserving many himself. Later he incorporated some songs and melodies into his own music, being fascinated by the beauty of the music and its anonymous history in the working lives of ordinary people. His efforts did much to raise appreciation of traditional English folk song and melody. Later in his life he served as president of the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS), which, in recognition of his early and important work in this field, named its Vaughan Williams Memorial Library after him. During this time he strengthened his links to prominent writers on folk music, including the Reverend George B. Chambers.
In 1905, Vaughan Williams conducted the first concert of the newly founded Leith Hill Music Festival at Dorking which he was to conduct until 1953, when he passed the baton to his successor, William Cole.[5]
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In 1909, he composed incidental music for the Cambridge Greek Play, a stage production at Cambridge University of Aristophanes' The Wasps. The next year, he had his first big public successes conducting the premieres of the Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (at the Three Choirs Festival in Gloucester Cathedral) and his choral symphony A Sea Symphony (Symphony No. 1). He enjoyed a still greater success with A London Symphony (Symphony No. 2) in 1914, conducted by Geoffrey Toye.
Two World Wars[link]
Vaughan Williams was 41 when World War I began. Though he could have avoided war service entirely, or tried for a commission, he chose to enlist as a private in the Royal Army Medical Corps. After a gruelling time as a stretcher bearer in France and Salonika,[6] he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 24 December 1917.[7] On one occasion, though too ill to stand, he continued to direct his battery while lying on the ground.[8] Prolonged exposure to gunfire began a process of hearing loss which eventually caused severe deafness in old age.[2] In 1918, he was appointed Director of Music, First Army, and this helped him adjust back into musical life.
After the war, he adopted for a while a somewhat mystical style in Flos Campi, a work for solo viola, small orchestra and wordless chorus, and in A Pastoral Symphony (Symphony No. 3), which draws on his experiences as an ambulance volunteer in that war, including a cadenza for trumpet in the second movement based on a bugler practicing and repeatedly hitting a wrong note, a flattened seventh, which Vaughan Williams alludes to in the symphony. The work was premiered on 26 January, 1922, in London, with Adrian Boult conducting. From 1924 a new phase in his music began, characterised by lively cross-rhythms and clashing harmonies. Key works from this period are Toccata marziale, the ballet Old King Cole, the Piano Concerto, the oratorio Sancta Civitas (his favourite of his choral works) and the ballet Job: A Masque for Dancing, which is drawn not from the Bible but from William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job. He also composed a Te Deum in G for the enthronement of Cosmo Gordon Lang as Archbishop of Canterbury. This period in his music culminated in the Symphony No. 4 in F minor, first played by the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 1935. This symphony contrasts dramatically with the "pastoral" orchestral works with which he is associated; indeed, its almost unrelieved tension, drama, and dissonance have startled listeners since it was premiered. Acknowledging that the Fourth Symphony was different, the composer said, "I don't know if I like it, but it's what I meant." Two years later, Vaughan Williams made a historic recording of the work with the same orchestra for HMV (His Master's Voice), his only commercial recording. During this period, he lectured in America and England, and conducted The Bach Choir. He was President of the City of Bath Bach Choir between 1946 and 1959. He was appointed to the Order of Merit in the King's Birthday Honours of 1935,[9] having previously declined a knighthood.[2] He also gave private lessons in London to students including Irish composer Ina Boyle.[10]
Vaughan Williams was an intimate life long friend of the famous British pianist Harriet Cohen. His letters to her reveal a flirtatious relationship, regularly reminding her of the thousands of kisses that she owed him. Before Cohen's first American tour in 1931 he wrote "I fear the Americans will love you so much that they won't let you come back."[11] He was a regular visitor to her home and often attended parties there. Cohen premiered Vaughan Williams's "Hymn Tune Prelude" in 1930, which he dedicated to her. She later introduced the piece throughout Europe during her concert tours. In 1933 she premiered his Piano Concerto in C major, a work which was once again dedicated to her. Cohen was given the exclusive right to play the piece for a period of time. Cohen played and promoted Vaughan Williams's work throughout Europe, the USSR, and the United States.
His music now entered a mature lyrical phase, as in the Five Tudor Portraits; the Serenade to Music (a setting of a scene from act five of The Merchant of Venice, for orchestra and sixteen vocal soloists and composed as a tribute to the conductor Sir Henry Wood); and the Symphony No. 5 in D, which he conducted at the Proms in 1943. As he was now 70, many people considered it a swan song, but he renewed himself again and entered yet another period of exploratory harmony and instrumentation. His very successful Symphony No. 6 of 1946 received a hundred performances in the first year. It surprised both admirers and critics, many of whom suggested that this symphony (especially its last movement) was a grim vision of the aftermath of an atomic war: typically, Vaughan Williams himself refused to recognise any programme behind this work.
Later work[link]
Before his death in 1958, he completed three more symphonies. His Seventh, Sinfonia Antartica, which was based on his 1948 film score for Scott of the Antarctic, exhibits his renewed interest in instrumentation and sonority. The Eighth Symphony, first performed in 1956, was followed by the much weightier Symphony No. 9 in E minor of 1956–57. This last symphony was initially given a lukewarm reception after its first performance in May 1958, just three months before his death. But this dark and enigmatic work is now considered by many[12] to be a fitting conclusion to his sequence of symphonic works.
He also completed a range of instrumental and choral works, including a Tuba Concerto, An Oxford Elegy on texts of Matthew Arnold, and the Christmas cantata Hodie. He also wrote an arrangement of The Old One Hundredth Psalm Tune for the Coronation Service of Queen Elizabeth II. At his death he left an unfinished Cello Concerto, an opera Thomas the Rhymer and music for a Christmas play, The First Nowell, which was completed by his amanuensis Roy Douglas (b. 1907).
Despite his substantial involvement in church music, and the religious subject-matter of many of his works, he was described by his second wife as "an atheist ... [who] later drifted into a cheerful agnosticism."[13] It is noteworthy that in his opera The Pilgrim's Progress he changed the name of the hero from John Bunyan's Christian to Pilgrim. He also set Bunyan's hymn Who would true valour see to music using the traditional Sussex melody "Monk's Gate". For many church-goers, his most familiar composition may be the hymn tune Sine nomine written for the hymn "For All the Saints" by William Walsham How. The tune he composed for the mediaeval hymn "Come Down, O Love Divine" (Discendi, Amor santo by Bianco of Siena, ca.1434) is entitled "Down Ampney" in honour of his birthplace.
He also worked as a tutor for Birkbeck College.[14]
In the 1950s, the composer supervised recordings of all but his Ninth Symphony by Sir Adrian Boult and the London Philharmonic Orchestra for Decca.[15] At the end of the sessions for the mysterious Sixth Symphony, Vaughan Williams gave a short speech, thanking Boult and the orchestra for their performance, "most heartily," and Decca later included this on the LP.[16] He was to supervise the first recording of the Ninth Symphony (for Everest Records) with Boult; his death on 26 August 1958 the night before the recording sessions were to begin provoked Boult to announce to the musicians that their performance would be a memorial to the composer.[17] These recordings, including the speeches by the composer and Boult, have all been reissued by Decca on CD.
Vaughan Williams is a central figure in British music because of his long career as teacher, lecturer and friend to so many younger composers and conductors. His writings on music remain thought-provoking, particularly his oft-repeated call for all persons to make their own music, however simple, as long as it is truly their own. Vaughan Williams was laid to rest in Westminster Abbey.
Marriages[link]
He was married twice. His first marriage was to Adeline Fisher (daughter of the historian Herbert William Fisher) in 1896. Adeline was cousin of Ruth Fisher de Ropp,[18] who was the mother of Robert S de Ropp. Robert's father, a semi-destitute European nobleman, was unable to pay for his son's post-secondary education. Consequently, Ralph and Adeline Vaughan Williams paid for Robert’s education at the Royal College of Science, in South Kensington, where he eventually specialised in biology and earned a PhD. De Ropp went on to be a successful research scientist and well-known author of books on human potentials.[19] Adeline Fisher Vaughan Williams died in 1951 after many years of suffering from crippling arthritis.
Vaughan Williams had an affair with the married poet Ursula Wood beginning in 1938. After Wood's husband died in 1942, Wood became Ralph's literary advisor and personal assistant and moved into his Surrey home, apparently with the tacit approval of Adeline, for whom Wood served as a caretaker until Adeline's death in 1951.[20] Wood wrote the libretto to his choral work The Sons of Light, and contributed to that of The Pilgrim's Progress and Hodie.[21] Wood and Vaughan Williams married in 1953 and moved to London and occupied a house at 10 Hanover Terrace, Regents Park until the composer's death five years later. In 1964 Wood published RVW: A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams. She served as honorary president of the Ralph Vaughan Williams Society until her death in 2007.
Style[link]
Vaughan Williams's music has often been said to be characteristically English, in the same way as that of Gustav Holst, Frederick Delius, George Butterworth and William Walton.[22] In Albion: The Origins of the English Imagination, Peter Ackroyd writes, "If that Englishness in music can be encapsulated in words at all, those words would probably be: ostensibly familiar and commonplace, yet deep and mystical as well as lyrical, melodic, melancholic, and nostalgic yet timeless." Ackroyd quotes music critic John Alexander Fuller Maitland, whose distinctions included editing the second edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians in the years just before 1911, as having observed that in Vaughan Williams's style "one is never quite sure whether one is listening to something very old or very new."
His style expresses a deep regard for and fascination with folk tunes, the variations upon which can convey the listener from the down-to-earth (which he always tried to remain in his daily life) to the ethereal. Simultaneously the music shows patriotism toward England in the subtlest form, engendered by a feeling for ancient landscapes and a person's small yet not entirely insignificant place within them.[2] His earlier works sometimes show the influence of Maurice Ravel, his teacher for three months in Paris in 1908. Ravel described Vaughan Williams as the only one of his pupils who did not write music like Ravel.[22]
[edit] Works[23]
See also: Compositions by Ralph Vaughan Williams
Operas[link]
- Hugh the Drover or Love in the Stocks (1910–20). Romantic ballad opera. Libretto: Harold Child
- Sir John in Love (1924–28), from which comes an arrangement by Ralph Greaves of Fantasia on "Greensleeves"
- The Poisoned Kiss (1927–29; revisions 1936–37 and 1956–57). Libretto: Evelyn Sharp (later amended by Ralph and Ursula Vaughan Williams)
- Riders to the Sea (1925–32), from the play by John Millington Synge
- The Pilgrim's Progress (1909–51), based on John Bunyan's allegory
-
- The Shepherds of the Delectable Mountains (1921). Libretto: Ralph Vaughan Williams (from John Bunyan) (Later incorporated, save for the final section, into The Pilgrim's Progress)
Incidental music[link]
- The Wasps (1909; to Aristophanes's play The Wasps; best known as an orchestral suite)
- The Bacchae (1911; to Euripides's tragedy)
- The Death of Tintagiles (1913; to Maurice Maeterlinck's 1894 play)[24]
Ballets[link]
- Old King Cole (1923)
- On Christmas Night (1926)
- Job: A Masque for Dancing (1930)
- The Running Set (1933)
- The Bridal Day (1938–39)
Orchestral[link]
- Symphonies
- A Sea Symphony (Symphony No. 1), a choral symphony on texts by Whitman (1903–1909)
- A London Symphony (Symphony No. 2) (1913)
- A Pastoral Symphony (Symphony No. 3) (1921)
- Symphony No. 4 in F minor (1931–34)
- Symphony No. 5 in D major (1938–43)
- Symphony No. 6 in E minor (1944–47, rev. 1950)
- Sinfonia antartica (Symphony No. 7) (1949–52) (partly based on his music for the film Scott of the Antarctic)
- Symphony No. 8 in D minor (1953–55)
- Symphony No. 9 in E minor (1956–57)
- Heroic Elegy and Triumphal Epilogue (1900)
- In the Fen Country, for orchestra (1904)
- Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1 (1906, rev. 1914))[25]
- The Wasps, an Aristophanic suite (1909; see Incidental music above)
- Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (1910, rev. 1913 and 1919)
- March: Sea Songs (1923), arr. for orchestra 1924 by the composer
- Prelude and Fugue in C minor (1930)
- The Running Set (1933)
- Fantasia on "Greensleeves" (1934)[26]
- Two Hymn Tune Preludes (1936)
- Partita for Strings (1938)
- Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus (1939)
- Household Music (1940)
- Concerto Grosso, for three parts of strings requiring different levels of technical skill (1950)
- Prelude on an Old Carol Tune (1952)
- Flourish for Glorious John (1957)
Concerti[link]
- Violin
- The Lark Ascending for violin and orchestra (1914)
- Concerto Accademico for violin and orchestra (1924–25)
- Viola
- Flos Campi for viola, wordless chorus and small orchestra (1925)
- Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra (1934)
- Romance for viola and piano (1925–1934 circa)
- Piano
- Piano Concerto in C major (1926–31)
- Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (1946; a reworking of Piano Concerto in C)
- Oboe Concerto in A minor, for oboe and strings (1944)
- Fantasia (quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune for piano, chorus, and orchestra (1949)
- Romance in D-flat major for harmonica and orchestra (1951) (written for Larry Adler)
- Tuba Concerto in F minor (1954)
Choral[link]
- The Garden of Proserpine, cantata for soprano, chorus & orchestra, setting of Algernon Charles Swinburne (1899)[27]
- A Cambridge Mass, Missa brevis for SATB, double chorus & orchestra (1899); Doctoral exercise, first performed 3 March 2011.[28][29][30][31]
- Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)
- Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)
- Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912); arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
- Mass in G minor for unaccompanied choir (1922)
- Sancta Civitas (The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923–25)
- Te Deum in G major (1928)
- Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)
- In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love (1929)
- Three Choral Hymns (1929)
- Magnificat for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra (1932)
- Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)
- Dona nobis pacem, text by Walt Whitman and other sources (1936)
- Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)
- Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare, dedicated to Sir Henry Joseph Wood on the occasion of his Jubilee (1938)
- "Six Choral Songs To Be Sung In Time Of War" (1940)
- A Song of Thanksgiving (originally Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)
- An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)
- Three Shakespeare Songs for SATB unaccompanied, composed for The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival (1951)
- O Taste and See, a motet setting of Psalm 34:8. The original SATB version was composed for the Coronation of HM Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey in June 1953. (1953)
- Hodie, a Christmas cantata (1954)
- Folk songs of the Four Seasons A Cantata for Women's Voices with Orchestra or pianoforte accompaniment (1950).
- Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)
- A Choral Flourish for unaccompanied SATB chorus, composed for a large choral event in the Royal Albert Hall at the invitation of (and dedicated to) Alan Kirby (c. 1952)
- O How Amiable (1934) An arrangement of a hymn for chorus and organ, originally written for the Abinger Pageant
Arrangements of Christian hymns[link]
Vaughan Williams was the musical editor[32] of the English Hymnal of 1906, and the co-editor with Martin Shaw of Songs of Praise of 1925 and the Oxford Book of Carols of 1928, all in collaboration with Percy Dearmer.
- A Hymn of Glory Let Us Sing[33]
- All Creatures of Our God and King[33]
- Alleluia, Sing to Jesus[33]
- Amid the Thronging Worshippers[33]
- At the Name of Jesus[33]
- "Come Down, O Love Divine"[33] original hymnody by Bianco of Siena (1434)"Discendi, Amor santo"and entitled "Down Ampney" in honour of Vaughan Williams's birthplace
- Come, Let Us with Our Lord Arise[33] an Easter anthem
- Come Thou Long Expected Jesus[33] a carol for the season of Advent
- For All the Saints harmonised from "Sine Nomine"
- God Be With You Till We Meet Again[33]
- I Love You Lord, My Strength, My Rock[33]
- I Sing the Mighty Power of God[33]
- Jesus, Lord, Redeemer[33]
- "Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence", text of the Cherubic hymn of Liturgy of St James, harmonised to the French folk tune Picardy (1906)
- Make Room Within My Heart, O God[33]
- My God, My God, O Why Have You Forsaken Me? a lament for Good Friday services during Passiontide
- O Come to Me, the Master Said[33]
- "O Little Town of Bethlehem" a popular Christmas Carol penned by the American Phillips Brooks adapted to the English tune "Forest Green"
- O Sing a Song of Bethlehem[33]
- On Christmas Night All Christians Sing[33]
- When the Church of Jesus[33]
Vocal[link]
- "Linden Lea", song (1901)
- The House of Life, six sonnets by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, set to music (1904)
- Songs of Travel (1904)
- "The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)
- On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)
- Along the Field, for tenor and violin
- Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano (1920)
- Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano (1922)
- Four Hymns: for tenor, viola obbligato and piano (1914)
- Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello
- Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
- Ten Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)
Chamber and Instrumental[link]
- String Quartet in C minor (1897) (early composition)
- String Quartet No. 1 in G minor (1908)
- String Quartet No. 2 in A minor ("For Jean, on her birthday," 1942–44)
- Phantasy Quintet for 2 violins, 2 violas and cello (1912)
- Piano Quintet in C minor for violin, viola, cello, double bass and piano (1903)
- Sonata in A minor for violin and piano (1952)
- Romance for viola and piano (undated)
- Six Studies in English Folk Song, for violoncello and piano (1926)
Organ[link]
- Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes (Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)
- Prelude and Fugue in C minor (1921)
- A Wedding Tune for Ann (1943)
- The Old One Hundredth Psalm Tune, harmonisation and arrangement (1953)
- Two Organ Preludes (The White Rock, St. David's Day) (1956)
Film, radio, and TV scores[link]
- 49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war effort
- Coastal Command, 1942
- BBC adaptation of The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942
- The People's Land, 1943
- The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
- Stricken Peninsula, 1945
- The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
- Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Sinfonia antartica (Symphony No. 7)
- The England of Elizabeth
- Bitter Springs, 1950
Band[link]
- Rhosymedre (based on a Welsh hymn tune for organ) for concert band (1920)
- (English) Folk Song Suite for military band (1923)
- Sea Songs (1923)
- Toccata Marziale for military band (1924)
- Overture: Henry V for brass band (1933/34)
- Flourish for Wind Band (1939)
- Prelude on Three Welsh Hymn Tunes arranged from the organ piece for brass band (1955) and published by Salvationist Publishing and Supplies
- Variations for brass band (1957)
Recordings[link]
Vaughan Williams enjoys an extensive recorded legacy. Early recordings of individual symphonies made by Henry Wood (London), John Barbirolli (Fifth), Adrian Boult and Leopold Stokowski (both in the Sixth), and the composer's own recording of the Fourth, preceded several complete cycles. Stokowski's 1943 NBC Symphony broadcast of the Fourth Symphony has also been issued on CD, as has his 1964 Proms performance of the 8th with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Sir Eugene Goossens recorded the 1920 edition of A London Symphony with the Cincinnati Orchestra for RCA Victor in 1941, the only recording of that version of the score ever made. Boult taped the first cycle (Symphonies 1–8) for Decca in the early 1950s, completing it with No. 9 for the Everest label in 1958; he re-recorded all nine for EMI between 1967 and 1972. Other cycles have followed from André Previn, Bernard Haitink, Bryden Thomson, Vernon Handley, Leonard Slatkin and Richard Hickox.
Several other foreign conductors have also recorded individual Vaughan Williams symphonies: Dimitri Mitropoulos and Leonard Bernstein both recorded the Fourth Symphony with the New York Philharmonic, the same orchestra with which Leopold Stokowski had made the first recording of the Sixth Symphony in 1949. This work was also recorded by Maurice Abravanel and the Utah Symphony in 1966. Paavo Berglund also recorded the Fourth and Sixth Symphonies and, among other CD releases, the Portuguese premiere of the Ninth Symphony, with Pedro de Freitas Branco conducting the National Symphony Orchestra of Portugal, has also been issued. Similarly, the US premiere of the Ninth Symphony, given by Leopold Stokowski in Carnegie Hall in 1958 'In Memoriam Vaughan Williams' has also been released on CD by Cala Records.
A first official release of the Symphony No. 5 conducted by the composer in 1952 was recently issued in the U.K. by Somm Recordings.
David Willcocks recorded much of the choral output for EMI in the 1960s and 1970s. Award-winning performances of the string quartets have followed on Naxos, which along with the Hyperion and Chandos labels have recorded much neglected material, including works for brass band and the rarely performed operas.
EMI Classics has issued a budget 30-CD set (34+ hours) with virtually all of Vaughan Williams's works, including alternative settings.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Vaughan Williams, Ursula. (1964) R.V.W. A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams, Oxford University Press. The preface, Notes on Names, says "Ralph's name was pronounced Rayf, any other pronunciation used to infuriate him."
- ^ a b c d Frogley, Alain (September 2004 – online edition May 2006). "‘Williams, Ralph Vaughan (1872–1958)’" (subscription required). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/36636. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36636. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ Venn, J.; Venn, J. A., eds. (1922–1958). "Vaughan-Williams, Ralph". Alumni Cantabrigienses (10 vols) (online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Heirs and Rebels by Ralph Vaughan Williams & Gustav Holst; Preface, pix
- ^ "Leith Hill Music Festival website". http://www.lhmf.co.uk/About.aspx. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ "Ralph Vaughan Williams". Famous names in the First World War. The National Archives. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/medals-vaughanwilliams.asp. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30455. pp. 253–254. 1 January 1918. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
- ^ Vaughan Williams, Ursula, RVW A Biography of Ralph Vaughan Williams, Oxford University Press 1964 p. 130
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 34166. p. 3596. 31 May 1935. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ Foreman, Lewis (1998). Vaughan Williams in perspective: studies of an English composer.
- ^ Fry, Helen (2008). Music and Men, the Life and Loves of Harriet Cohen. The History Press.
- ^ Journal of the Vaughan Williams Society, No. 39, June 2007
- ^ Hugh Ottaway/Alain Frogley, "Ralph Vaughan-Williams": Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (subscription required). Retrieved 16 January 2008
- ^ Birkbeck, University of London Continuing Education Courses 2002 Entry. Birkbeck External Relations Department. 2002. p. 5.
- ^ The Gramophone
- ^ Decca Records/Eclipse reissue
- ^ Everest Records' release of the 1958 recording.
- ^ "Ruth Fisher". Community Trees. FamilySearch. 28 July 2009. http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I143013&tree=Nixon. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
- ^ De Ropp, Robert S. 1995/2002 Warrior's Way: a Twentieth Century Odyssey. Nevada City, CA: Gateways
- ^ John Bridcut (20 May 2008). "Sonata for three". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1020534/Sonata-How-composer-Vaughan-Williams-shared-bedroom-mistress-40-years-junior--wife.html. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
- ^ "Ursula Vaughan Williams (obituary)". The Times. 25 October 2007. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2732710.ece. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
- ^ a b [1] Roger S. Gordon, Ralph Vaughan Williams' Film Music, review, Positive Feedback on Line Issue 29, accessed 12 May 2008
- ^ See also Kennedy, Michael: A Catalogue of the Works of Vaughan Williams, OUP, 1964
- ^ The Death of Tintagiles
- ^ There were two other Norfolk Rhapsodies from the same period. The second is unpublished, the Third lost. See Kennedy, Michael: A Catalogue of the Works of Vaughan Williams, OUP, 1964
- ^ see "YouTube videoclip" under External Links
- ^ Stainer & Bell Ralph Vaughan Williams: The Garden of Proserpine
- ^ Discovery announcement on Classic FM Website
- ^ World Premiere of Ralph Vaughan Williams' 'A Cambridge Mass'
- ^ Review of premier performance in The Telegraph
- ^ Article on the discovery of the mass by Alan Tongue
- ^ see "1956 audio interview" under External Links
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Center for Church Music songs and hymns entry for Ralph Williams
References[link]
- Vaughan Williams on Music, Ralph Vaughan Williams & David Manning. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-518239-2
- Heirs & Rebels, Ralph Vaughan Williams & Gustav Holst; ed. Ursula Vaughan Williams & Imogen Holst. London, Oxford University Press, 1959.
- Vaughan Williams, Simon Heffer. Northeastern; First American edition (1 March 2001). ISBN 978-1-55553-472-1.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ralph Vaughan Williams |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ralph Vaughan Williams |
- Free scores by Ralph Vaughan Williams in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Free scores by Ralph Vaughan Williams at the International Music Score Library Project
- 1956 audio interview with Vaughan Williams on his editing of the English Hymnal (from the BBC)
- The Ralph Vaughan Williams Society
- Vaughan Williams Phantasy Quintet Soundbites and discussion of work
- Ralph Vaughan Williams at the Internet Movie Database
- Ralph Vaughan Williams at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
- Heffer, Simon (5 December 2007). "Ralph Vaughan Williams: Uneasy listening". The Daily Telegraph. UK. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/05/bmwilliams105.xml. "A stunning new film about composer Ralph Vaughan Williams challenges the myths that obscure his legacy – and exposes the darkness that permeates his work." (on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the composer's death)
- Works by or about Ralph Vaughan Williams in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- "Famous names in the First World War—Ralph Vaughan Williams" from The National Archives, includes extracts from his army service record, and his 1901 Census return.
- Archival material relating to Ralph Vaughan Williams listed at the UK National Register of Archives
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Vaughan Williams, Ralph |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | English composer |
| Date of birth | 12 October 1872 |
| Place of birth | Down Ampney, Gloucestershire |
| Date of death | 26 August 1958 |
| Place of death | London |
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