- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 1142
- author: John Boda
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 1860 US Census
- 5th U.S. Cavalry
- A. P. Hill
- Abner Doubleday
- Abner Monroe Perrin
- Abraham Bryan
- Abraham Lincoln
- Adelbert Ames
- Adolph von Steinwehr
- Advertising
- Albert G. Jenkins
- Alexander Biddle
- Alexander Hays
- Alexander S. Webb
- Alfred Horatio Belo
- Alfred Iverson, Jr.
- Alfred Moore Scales
- Alfred Pleasonton
- Alfred Terry
- Alpheus S. Williams
- Alphonso Taft
- Ambrose R. Wright
- American Civil War
- American Indian Wars
- American South
- Amos Humiston
- Andrew A. Humphreys
- Andrew Gregg Curtin
- Andrew Johnson
- Anheuser-Busch
- Appomattox Campaign
- Archibald C. Godwin
- Ario Pardee, Jr.
- Army of the Potomac
- Arthur Fremantle
- Associated Press
- Augusta, Michigan
- Austin, Texas
- AWOL
- Battle of Aldie
- Battle of Antietam
- Battle of Five Forks
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Battle of Hanover
- Battle of Opequon
- Benito Juárez
- Birkett D. Fry
- Black Hills
- Black Kettle
- Bloody Knife
- Boston Custer
- Breastworks
- Brevet (military)
- Bryan Grimes
- Buckskins
- Cadiz, Ohio
- Cadmus M. Wilcox
- Captain (Union Army)
- Carl Schurz
- Carnot Posey
- Cavalry
- Charles Candy
- Charles Coster
- Charles K. Graham
- Cheyenne
- Chicago
- Chickahominy River
- Commons Custer
- Correspondent
- Counting coup
- County Durham
- Court-martial
- Cravat
- Crow Indian
- Custer County, Idaho
- Custer State Park
- Custer, Michigan
- Custer, Ohio
- Custer, South Dakota
- Custer, Wisconsin
- Dakota Territory
- Daniel Sickles
- David B. Birney
- David McConaughy
- Division (military)
- Duchy of Jülich
- Edward A. O'Neal
- Edward Clark Potter
- Edward D. Muhlenberg
- Edward E. Cross
- Edward Lloyd Thomas
- Edward McPherson
- Edward S. Salomon
- Ellis Spear
- Elon J. Farnsworth
- England
- Evan Connell
- Evander M. Law
- Falmouth, Virginia
- Find a Grave
- Fitzhugh Lee
- Fort Abraham Lincoln
- Fort Riley
- Fort Supply
- Fort Wallace
- Francis C. Barlow
- Frank A. Haskell
- Frederick Benteen
- Gabriel Rene Paul
- Gatling guns
- General (CSA)
- George B. McClellan
- George Bird Grinnell
- George C. Burling
- George F. McFarland
- George Hull Ward
- George J. Stannard
- George Meade
- George P. Doles
- George Pickett
- George S. Greene
- George Sykes
- George T. Anderson
- German American
- German Palatines
- Gettysburg Campaign
- Ginnie Wade
- Goode Bryan
- Gouverneur K. Warren
- Hammer and anvil
- Harrison Jeffords
- Harry T. Hays
- Hempstead, Texas
- Henry Baxter
- Henry Heth
- Henry Jackson Hunt
- Henry K. Burgwyn
- Henry L. Benning
- Henry Warner Slocum
- Heroine
- Hiram Berdan
- Hopedale, Ohio
- Hussar
- Indian Wars
- Irvin McDowell
- Isaac E. Avery
- Isaac R. Trimble
- J. H. Hobart Ward
- J.E.B. Stuart
- James A. Walker
- James Dearing
- James J. Archer
- James K. Marshall
- James L. Kemper
- James Longstreet
- James S. Wadsworth
- Jerome B. Robertson
- John A. Logan
- John Bell Hood
- John Brown Gordon
- John Buford
- John C. Caldwell
- John C. Robinson
- John D. Imboden
- John F. Reynolds
- John Gibbon
- John Irvin Gregg
- John L. Burns
- John M. Jones
- John R. Brooke
- John R. Chambliss
- John Sedgwick
- John W. Geary
- Joseph B. Kershaw
- Joseph Bradford Carr
- Joseph E. Johnston
- Joseph Hooker
- Joseph R. Davis
- Joseph W. Latimer
- Joshua Chamberlain
- Jubal A. Early
- Jubal Anderson Early
- Judson Kilpatrick
- Junius Daniel
- Kaldenkirchen
- Kansas
- Kidder massacre
- Krefeld
- Lafayette McLaws
- Lakota people
- Lakota Sioux
- Lance
- Laurence S. Baker
- Leopold von Gilsa
- Little Bighorn River
- Louise Barnett
- Lt. Gen. (CSA)
- Lysander Cutler
- Major general
- Mandan, North Dakota
- Marcellus Jones
- Marcus Reno
- Media personality
- Mexico
- Michigan
- Michigan Brigade
- Military honors
- Miniconjou
- Mo-nah-se-tah
- Monroe, Michigan
- Moses McClean
- Moxley Sorrel
- Myles Keogh
- Nelson Miles
- New Rumley, Ohio
- New York
- New York City
- Norman J. Hall
- Ohio
- Oliver O. Howard
- Orland Smith
- Overland Campaign
- Pack train
- Patrick O'Rorke
- Paul Jones Semmes
- Peninsula Campaign
- Perjury
- Philadelphia
- Philip Sheridan
- Pickett's Charge
- Plains Indians
- Portal Biography
- Print media
- Public relations
- Quirt
- Railroad
- Rain-in-the-Face
- Reinterment
- Rhineland
- Richard B. Garnett
- Richard Enderlin
- Richard H. Anderson
- Richard S. Ewell
- Robert E. Lee
- Robert E. Rodes
- Robert Murphy Mayo
- Robert O. Tyler
- Romeyn B. Ayres
- Roy Stone
- Rufus Ingalls
- Russell A. Alger
- Régis de Trobriand
- Samuel H. Starr
- Samuel K. Zook
- Samuel S. Carroll
- Samuel W. Crawford
- Second lieutenant
- Shenandoah Valley
- Siege of Petersburg
- Sitting Bull
- Solomon Meredith
- Stephen Weed
- Strong Vincent
- Surrender (military)
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Thomas Algeo Rowley
- Thomas Chamberlain
- Thomas Custer
- Thomas Devin
- Thomas H. Ruger
- Traveller (horse)
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Union Army
- United States
- United States Army
- Wade Hampton III
- Walter H. Taylor
- Washington, D.C.
- Wesley Merritt
- West Point
- West Point Cemetery
- Western saloon
- White Bull
- Wikipedia Persondata
- William Barksdale
- William C. Oates
- William Corby
- William E. Jones
- William G. Lewis
- William H. Seward
- William Harrow
- William J. Colvill
- William Mahone
- William McCandless
- William S. Tilton
- William Sherman
- William T. Poague
- William T. Wofford
- William W. Belknap
- Winfield Scott
- World War I
-
Appomattox Campaign
The Appomattox Campaign was a series of battles fought March 29 – April 9, 1865, in Virginia that culminated in the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and the effective end of the American Civil War.
At the conclusion of the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign (also known as the Siege of Petersburg), Lee's army was outnumbered and exhausted from a winter of trench warfare over a 30 mi (48 km) front, numerous battles, disease, and desertion. At the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, Union forces under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant cut the final railroad line supplying Lee's army in Petersburg, and ordered a general assault along the Petersburg fortification line. On April 2, Grant's army achieved a breakthrough of the lines in the Third Battle of Petersburg, which prompted Lee to order the evacuation of both Petersburg and the Confederate capital of Richmond on the night of April 2–3.
Lee hoped to withdraw to the southwest and unite his army with Confederate forces in North Carolina, but Grant's army pursued relentlessly. On April 6, Lee's army suffered a significant defeat at the Battle of Sayler's Creek, but continued to move to the west in an attempt to elude the Union Army. Cornered, outnumbered, and short of supplies, Lee finally agreed to surrender his army on April 9 at Appomattox Court House.
wn.com/Appomattox_Campaign -
Battle of Aldie
The Battle of Aldie took place on June 17, 1863, in Loudoun County, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry screened Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate infantry as it marched north in the Shenandoah Valley behind the sheltering Blue Ridge Mountains. The pursuing Union cavalry of Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's brigade, in the advance of Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's division, encountered Col. Thomas T. Munford's troopers near the village of Aldie, resulting in four hours of stubborn fighting. Both sides made mounted assaults by regiments and squadrons. Kilpatrick was reinforced in the afternoon, and Munford finally withdrew toward Middleburg.
Late in the spring of 1863 tensions grew between Union commander Joseph Hooker and his cavalry commander Brig. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton because of the latter's inability to penetrate Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry screen and gain access to the Shenandoah Valley to locate the Army of Northern Virginia, which had been on the move since the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May. On June 17, Pleasonton decided to push through Stuart's screen. To accomplish his goal he ordered Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's division from Manassas Junction westward down the Little River Turnpike to Aldie. Aldie was tactically important in that near the village the Little River Turnpike intersected both the Ashby's Gap Turnpike and Snicker's Gap Turnpike, which respectively lead through Ashby's Gap and Snickers Gap of the Blue Ridge Mountain into the Valley.
wn.com/Battle_of_Aldie -
Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam (
/ænˈtiːtəm/) also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties on both sides.
After pursuing Confederate General Robert E. Lee into Maryland, Union Army Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan launched attacks against Lee's army, in defensive positions behind Antietam Creek. At dawn on September 17, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's corps mounted a powerful assault on Lee's left flank. Attacks and counterattacks swept across Miller's cornfield and fighting swirled around the Dunker Church. Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up. In the afternoon, Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside's corps entered the action, capturing a stone bridge over Antietam Creek and advancing against the Confederate right. At a crucial moment, Confederate Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's division arrived from Harpers Ferry and launched a surprise counterattack, driving back Burnside and ending the battle. Although outnumbered two-to-one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in less than three-quarters of his army, enabling Lee to fight the Federals to a standstill. During the night, both armies consolidated their lines. In spite of crippling casualties, Lee continued to skirmish with McClellan throughout September 18, while removing his battered army south of the Potomac River.
wn.com/Battle_of_Antietam -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg (local
i/ˈɡɛtɨsbɜrɡ/, with an /s/ sound), was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point.Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion of the North.
After his success at Chancellorsville in Virginia in May 1863, Lee led his army through the Shenandoah Valley to begin his second invasion of the North—the Gettysburg Campaign. With his army in high spirits, Lee intended to shift the focus of the summer campaign from war-ravaged northern Virginia and hoped to influence Northern politicians to give up their prosecution of the war by penetrating as far as Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, or even Philadelphia. Prodded by President Abraham Lincoln, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker moved his army in pursuit, but was relieved just three days before the battle and replaced by Meade.
wn.com/Battle_of_Gettysburg -
Battle of Hanover
The Battle of Hanover took place on June 30, 1863, in Hanover in southwestern York County, Pennsylvania, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry, which was riding north to get around the Union Army of the Potomac, attacked a Federal cavalry regiment, driving it through the streets of Hanover. Brig. Gen. Elon Farnsworth's brigade arrived and counterattacked, routing the Confederate vanguard and nearly capturing Stuart himself. Stuart soon counterattacked. Reinforced by Brig. Gen. George A. Custer's Michigan Brigade, Farnsworth held his ground, and a stalemate ensued. Stuart was forced to continue north and east to get around the Union cavalry, further delaying his attempt to rejoin Robert E. Lee's army, which was then concentrating at Cashtown Gap west of Gettysburg.
As Robert E. Lee moved his Army of Northern Virginia northward in June 1863 through the Shenandoah Valley towards Pennsylvania, portions of his cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart slipped eastward across the path of the Union Army of the Potomac. A series of raids in eastern Maryland netted prisoners and supplies, as well as disrupting Federal communications and telegraph lines. However, Stuart was not in position to effectively screen Lee's advance or to provide intelligence on the movements of the Federal army. As Stuart headed north in an effort to link with Lee, Union cavalry commander Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, riding towards Pennsylvania to the west of Stuart, ordered his divisions to fan out across a wide swath, keeping an eye out for Confederates.
wn.com/Battle_of_Hanover -
Battle of Opequon
The Battle of Opequon, more commonly known as the Third Battle of Winchester, was fought in Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War.
As Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early raided the B&O Railroad at Martinsburg, Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan advanced toward Winchester along the Berryville Pike with the VI Corps and XIX Corps, crossing Opequon Creek. The Union advance was delayed long enough for Early to concentrate his forces to meet the main assault, which continued for several hours. Casualties were very heavy. The Confederate line was gradually driven back toward the town. Mid-afternoon, the VIII Corps and the cavalry turned the Confederate left flank. Early ordered a general retreat. Because of its size, intensity, serious casualties among the general officers on both sides, and its result, many historians consider this the most important conflict of the Shenandoah Valley.
Sheridan was given command of the Army of the Shenandoah and sent to the Shenandoah Valley to deal with Early's Confederate threat. For much of the early fall of 1864, Sheridan and Early had cautiously engaged in minor skirmishes while each side tested the other's strength. Early mistook this limited action to mean that Sheridan was afraid to fight and he left his army spread out from Martinsburg to Winchester. Sheridan learned of Early's dispersed forces and immediately struck out after Winchester, the location of two previous major engagements during the war, both Confederate victories.
wn.com/Battle_of_Opequon -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
wn.com/Chicago -
Chickahominy River
The Chickahominy is an 87-mile-long (140 km)river in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Virginia. The river which serves as the eastern border of Charles City County rises about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Richmond and flows southeast and south to the James River. The river was named after the Chickahominy Indian tribe who lived near the river when it was claimed by English colonists in 1607 and whose descendants live in Charles City, VA today.
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), the upper reaches became a major obstacle to Union General George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign, a failed attempt in 1862 to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. Docile, narrow, and relatively easily crossed during dry weather, after periods of rain, it grows across a flood plain with swamps as much as a mile across. The Chickahominy was in flood stage and divided the Union Army during crucial periods, despite continuous efforts to build and maintain bridges by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Other battles were fought nearby again in 1864.
wn.com/Chickahominy_River -
County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
wn.com/County_Durham -
Duchy of Jülich
The Duchy of Jülich (German: Herzogtum Jülich; Dutch: Hertogdom Gulik; French: Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay left of the Rhine river between the Electorate of Cologne in the east and the Duchy of Limburg in the west. It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland. The duchy amalgamated with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as Jülich-Berg.
Its territory lies in present-day Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and in the present-day Netherlands (part of the Limburg province), its population sharing the same Limburgish dialect.
wn.com/Duchy_of_Jülich -
England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
wn.com/England -
Fort Riley
Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, on the [Kansas River, also known as the Kaw]], between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 100,656 acres (407 km²) in Geary and Riley counties and includes two census-designated places: Camp Funston, Camp Forsyth, Camp Whiteside and Custer Hill. The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000. The zip code is 66442.
Fort Riley is named in honor of Major General Bennett C. Riley who led the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail. The fort was established in 1853 as a military post to protect the movement of people and trade over the Oregon, California, and Santa Fe trails. In the years after the Civil War, Fort Riley served as a major United States Cavalry post and school for cavalry tactics and practice. The post was a base for skirmishes with Native Americans after the Civil War ended in 1865, during which time George Custer was stationed at the fort.
Later, Fort Riley became the site of the United States Cavalry School in 1887. The famous all-black 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, the soldiers of which were called "Buffalo Soldiers", were stationed at Fort Riley at various times in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During World War I, the fort was home to 50,000 soldiers, and it is sometimes identified as ground zero for the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, which its soldiers were said to have spread all over the world. Since the end of World War II, various infantry divisions have been assigned there. Most notably, the post was home to the famed Big Red One from 1955-1996. Between 1999 and 2006, the post was headquarters to the 24th Infantry Division and known as "America's Warfighting Center". In August 2006, the Big Red One relocated its headquarters to Fort Riley from Leighton Barracks, Germany.
wn.com/Fort_Riley -
Kansas
Kansas (i/ˈkænzəs/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
For thousands of years what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.
wn.com/Kansas -
Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] (
listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
wn.com/Mexico -
Michigan
Michigan (i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
wn.com/Michigan -
New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
wn.com/New_York -
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
wn.com/New_York_City -
Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
wn.com/Ohio -
Peninsula Campaign
The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement against the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia, intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. McClellan was initially successful against the equally cautious General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of the aggressive General Robert E. Lee turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a humiliating Union defeat.
McClellan landed his army at Fort Monroe and moved northwest, up the Virginia Peninsula. Confederate Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's defensive position on the Warwick Line caught McClellan by surprise. His hopes for a quick advance foiled, McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a siege of Yorktown. Just before the siege preparations were completed, the Confederates, now under the direct command of Johnston, began a withdrawal toward Richmond. The first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred in the Battle of Williamsburg, in which the Union troops managed some tactical victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking movement to Eltham's Landing was ineffective in cutting off the Confederate retreat. In the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, an attempt by the U.S. Navy to reach Richmond by way of the James River was repulsed.
wn.com/Peninsula_Campaign -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
wn.com/Philadelphia -
Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley is both a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Named for the river that stretches much of its length, the Shenandoah Valley encompasses nine counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia.
In addition, the cultural region also includes five more counties in Virginia:
Between the Roanoke Valley in the south and Harpers Ferry in the north, where the Shenandoah River joins the Potomac, the Valley cultural region contains 10 independent cities:
wn.com/Shenandoah_Valley -
Siege of Petersburg
The Richmond–Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865, during the American Civil War. Although it is more popularly known as the Siege of Petersburg, it was not a classic military siege, in which a city is usually surrounded and all supply lines are cut off, nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign was nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded by Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully and then constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles (48 km) from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the railroad supply lines through Petersburg to Richmond, and many of these caused the lengthening of the trench lines, overloading dwindling Confederate resources.
wn.com/Siege_of_Petersburg -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
West Point Cemetery
West Point Cemetery is a historic cemetery on the grounds of the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York. It overlooks the Hudson River, and served as a burial ground for American Revolutionary War soldiers and early West Point inhabitants long before 1817 when it was officially designated as a military cemetery. Prior to 1817, the area was known as "German Flats" before it was formally designated as the official cemetery. Until that time several small burial plots scattered in mid-post also served as places of interment. The graves from these plots and the remains subsequently found during building excavations were removed to the new site. An improved road to the cemetery was constructed in 1840, and the caretaker's cottage was erected in 1872. Besides offices for the cemetery management, the caretaker's cottage now also houses West Point's Inspector General office. The cemetery is home to several monuments, to include Dade Monument, the Cadet Monument, Wood's Monument, and Margaret Corbin Monument.
wn.com/West_Point_Cemetery
-
Abner Doubleday
Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War. He fired the first shot in defense of Fort Sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal role in the early fighting at the Battle of Gettysburg. Gettysburg was his finest hour, but his relief by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade caused lasting enmity between the two men.
In San Francisco, after the war, he obtained a patent on the cable car railway that still runs there. In his final years in New Jersey, he was a prominent member and later president of the Theosophical Society.
Doubleday is often mistakenly credited with inventing baseball, although he never made such a claim, and there is no evidence to support it.
Doubleday was born in Ballston Spa, New York, in a small house on the corner of Washington and Fenwick Streets. The family all slept in the attic loft of the one-room house. His Doubleday grandfather, also named Abner, had fought in the American Revolutionary War. His maternal grandfather joined the Army at 14 and was a mounted messenger for George Washington. His father, Ulysses F. Doubleday, fought in the War of 1812, published newspapers and books, and represented Auburn, New York for four years in the United States Congress. Abner spent his childhood in Auburn and later was sent to Cooperstown to live with his uncle and attend a private preparatory high school. He practiced as a surveyor and civil engineer for two years before entering the United States Military Academy in 1838. He graduated in 1842, 24th in a class of 56 cadets, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery. One of the persistent legends of baseball history is that Doubleday invented the game in 1839, although he was in West Point at the time.
wn.com/Abner_Doubleday -
Abner Monroe Perrin
Abner Monroe Perrin (February 2, 1827 – May 12, 1864) was a Confederate general in the Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. He was killed at the Battle of Spotsylvania.
Perrin was born in the Edgefield District of South Carolina. He fought in the Mexican-American War as a lieutenant in the infantry. Upon his return home, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1854.
When the Civil War began, Perrin entered the Confederate service as a captain in the 14th South Carolina Infantry that was attached to Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg's brigade of the famous "Light Division" of Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill.
Perrin saw service with Gregg's Brigade through all of its major battles, including the Seven Days, Second Bull Run (Second Manassas), Antietam, and Fredericksburg. When Gregg's successor, Samuel McGowan, was wounded at Chancellorsville, Perrin took command of the brigade and led it at the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg in the division of Maj. Gen. William Dorsey Pender in Hill's new Third Corps. At Gettysburg, on July 1, 1863, Perrin's brigade was involved in the Confederate attack that captured Seminary Ridge. On September 10, 1863, Perrin was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. Upon the return of McGowan, Perrin was transferred to command the Alabama brigade previously led by Brig. Gen. Cadmus Wilcox in the division of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson. (Wilcox had been appointed to command the division of Pender, who had died from a wound received at Gettysburg.)
wn.com/Abner_Monroe_Perrin -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincolni/ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator in the 1830s, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives in the 1840s. After a series of debates in 1858 that gave national visibility to his opposition to the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost a Senate race to his arch-rival Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party nomination. With almost no support in the South he swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election was the signal for seven southern slave states to declare their secession from the Union and form the Confederate States of America. The departure of the Southerners gave Lincoln's party firm control of Congress, but no formula for compromise or reconciliation was found. And the war came.
wn.com/Abraham_Lincoln -
Adelbert Ames
Adelbert Ames (October 31, 1835 – April 12, 1933) was an American sailor, soldier, and politician. He served with distinction as a Union Army general during the American Civil War. As a Radical Republican and a Carpetbagger, he was military governor, Senator and civilian governor in Reconstruction-era Mississippi. In 1898 he served as a United States Army general during the Spanish-American War.
Ames was the last general officer of the American Civil War from either side of the conflict to die, dying at age 97 in 1933.
Adelbert ( /əˈdɛlbərt/ ə-DEL-bərt) Ames was born in 1835 in the town of Rockland, located in Knox County, Maine. He was the son of a sea captain named Jesse Ames. Adelbert Ames also grew up to be a sailor, becoming a mate on a clipper ship, and also served briefly as a merchant seaman on his own father's ship.
On July 1, 1856, he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, and was still there when the American Civil War began in 1861.
Ames graduated from the United States Military Academy on May 6, 1861, standing fifth in his class of 45. On that same date he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Artillery. Eight days later he was promoted to first lieutenant and was assigned to the 5th U.S. Artillery. During the First Battle of Bull Run that July, Ames was badly wounded in the right thigh but refused to leave his guns. He was brevetted to the rank of major on July 21 for his actions during Bull Run. In 1893 Ames would also receive the Medal of Honor for his performance there.
wn.com/Adelbert_Ames -
Adolph von Steinwehr
Baron Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich von Steinwehr (September 25, 1822 – February 25, 1877) was a German-Brunswick army officer who emigrated to the United States, became a geographer, cartographer, and author, and served as a Union general in the American Civil War.
Steinwehr was born in Blankenburg, in the Duchy of Brunswick, Germany, the son of a military family. (His grandfather fought in the Prussian Army against Napoleon.) He attended the Brunswick Military Academy and was commissioned a lieutenant in the Brunswick Army in 1841. In 1847 he resigned his commission and emigrated to the United States, settling in Alabama. He served as an engineer in the U.S. Coastal Survey, surveying the U.S.-Mexico border and Mobile Bay, Alabama, but his desire to serve in a combat position in the Mexican-American War was denied and he returned to Brunswick in 1849, but not before marrying an American. He returned to the United States in 1854 and purchased a farm near Wallingford, Connecticut. He later moved to New York state.
wn.com/Adolph_von_Steinwehr -
Alexander Biddle
Alexander Biddle (April 29, 1819 – May 2, 1899) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
His father was Thomas A. Biddle (1776–1857), the son of American Revolutionary War soldier Clement Biddle (1740–1814). His mother was the former Christine Williams (1780–1861). Their fourth child, he was educated in Pennsylvania, enrolling at the University of Pennsylvania in 1834 and graduating in 1838. In 1842, he joined his father's company, where he worked until the beginning of the Civil War.
In 1849, he joined the first troop of the Philadelphia City Cavalry in which he served until 1858. In 1855 he married Julia Williams Rush (1833–1898) daughter of Samuel Rush (1795–1859) and granddaughter of Benjamin Rush. On September 1, 1862, he joined the 121st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, serving under his cousin Chapman Biddle, with whom he fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg (under Abner Doubleday) and the Battle of Bristoe Station.
wn.com/Alexander_Biddle -
Alexander Hays
Alexander Hays (July 8, 1819 – May 5, 1864) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War, killed in the Battle of the Wilderness.
Hays was born in Franklin, Pennsylvania, the son of Samuel Hays, a member of Congress and general in the Pennsylvania militia. He studied at Allegheny College and then transferred to the United States Military Academy in his senior year, graduating in 1844, ranking 20th out of 25 cadets. Among his classmates were future Civil War generals Alfred Pleasonton and Winfield S. Hancock. He became a close personal friend of Ulysses S. Grant, who had graduated the year before. Hays was brevetted as a second lieutenant in the 8th U.S. Infantry. He served in the Mexican-American War, and won special distinction in an engagement near Atlixco. In April 1848, he resigned his commission in the army and returned to Pennsylvania.
He settled in Venango County, where he engaged in the manufacture of iron from 1848–50 before briefly leaving for the California gold fields to seek his fortune. Failing that, he returned home and became an assistant construction engineer for the railroad until 1854. From 1854 through 1860, Hays was a civil engineer for the city of Pittsburgh, helping plan several bridge building projects.
wn.com/Alexander_Hays -
Alfred Horatio Belo
Alfred Horatio Belo (May 1839 – April 19, 1901) was the founder of The Dallas Morning News newspaper in Dallas, Texas, along with business partner George Bannerman Dealey. The company A. H. Belo Corporation, owner of The Dallas Morning News, was named in his honor.
Belo was born in Salem, North Carolina in May 1839. He was highly educated from an early age.
During the Civil War, Belo fought for the Confederacy. Belo was an officer in the Civil War for the North Carolina 55th Regiment. He was injured in the Battle of Gettysburg and then again in the Battle of Cold Harbor.
At the end of the Civil War, Belo moved to the Houston area in search of job opportunities. He met newswriter Willard Richardson, who published the Galveston Daily News and the Texas Almanac (1857). This company was known as The News. Belo's intelligence led Richardson to ask him to become a partner, and the company was renamed Richardson, Belo, & Co. After Richardson's death, Belo became the sole owner, and renamed the company A. H. Belo & Co. in 1881.
wn.com/Alfred_Horatio_Belo -
Alfred Moore Scales
Alfred Moore Scales (November 26, 1827 – February 9, 1892) was a North Carolina state legislature, Confederate general in the American Civil War and the 45th Governor of the US state of North Carolina from 1885 to 1889, and Congressman.
Scales was born at Reidsville, in Rockingham County, North Carolina. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Robert H. Scales, were strong believers in education. After attending a Presbyterian school, the Caldwell institute and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill at Chapel Hill, Scales entered teaching for a time. Later, he studied law with Judge William H. Battle and Judge Settle and then opened a law office in Madison, North Carolina.
Scales was elected county solicitor in 1852. He was elected four times to the North Carolina state legislature and served as chairman of the Finance Committee. In 1854 he ran a close but unsuccessful race as the Democratic candidate for United States Congress in a Whig district. In 1857 he was elected to Congress but was defeated for re-election two years later. From 1858 until the spring of 1861 he held the office of clerk and master of the court of equity of Rockingham County. In 1860 he was an elector for the Breckinridge ticket and subsequently involved in the debate over North Carolina's secession.
wn.com/Alfred_Moore_Scales -
Alfred Pleasonton
Alfred Pleasonton (July 7, 1824 – February 17, 1897) was a United States Army officer and General of Union cavalry during the American Civil War. He commanded the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg Campaign, including the largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war, Brandy Station. In 1864 he was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Theater, where he defeated Confederate General Sterling Price in two key battles, effectively ending the war in Missouri. He was the son of Stephen Pleasonton and younger brother of Augustus Pleasonton.
Pleasonton was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Stephen and Mary Hopkins Pleasonton. Stephen was well known at the time of Alfred's birth. During the War of 1812, as a U.S. State Department employee, Stephen's personal initiative saved crucial documents in the National Archives from destruction by the British invaders of Washington, including the original Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. However, while working as a U.S. Treasury Department employee, he was involved in scandals in the 1830s involving corruption in awarding of contracts for government lighthouses, which turned out to have substandard construction and began deteriorating prematurely. He was investigated by the U.S. Congress, which cited his "lethargy and maladministration" and led to his dismissal in 1852, casting a pall over the family reputation. (The administration of U.S. lighthouses was transferred to a nine-member Lighthouse Board, which, ironically, included Alfred's future commander during the coming Civil War, George G. Meade.)
wn.com/Alfred_Pleasonton -
Alfred Terry
Alfred Howe Terry (November 10, 1827 – December 16, 1890) was a Union general in the American Civil War and the military commander of the Dakota Territory from 1866 to 1869 and again from 1872 to 1886.
Although born in Hartford, Connecticut, Alfred Terry's family quickly moved to New Haven, where he spent most of his childhood. Terry graduated from the Hopkins School in New Haven in 1838. After attending Yale Law School in 1848, Terry became a lawyer and was appointed clerk of the Superior Court of New Haven County.
When the Civil War started, Terry raised and led a regiment of Connecticut volunteers and was appointed colonel. The regiment fought at First Bull Run, after which Terry and his regiment were transferred to South Carolina. On September 13, 1861, at New Haven, Connecticut, Col. Terry organized an elite and special regiment, 7th Regiment Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, a three-year regiment, naming Joseph Roswell Hawley, who assisted in raising the regiment, as lieutenant colonel. He was appointed brigadier general of volunteers in April 1862 and placed in command of the Morris Island Division of the X Corps. Terry was heavily involved in the siege operations against Charleston during 1863 and Morris Island, South Carolina. Troops under Terry's direct command were engaged at a skirmish at Grimball's Landing and later succeeded in capturing Fort Wagner in September 1863, but the following year the entire X Corps was sent north to Benjamin Butler's Army of the James in Virginia.
wn.com/Alfred_Terry -
Alphonso Taft
Alphonso Taft (November 5, 1810 – May 21, 1891) was the Attorney General and Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant and the founder of an American political dynasty. He was the father of U.S. President William Howard Taft.
Born in Townshend, Vermont, the son of Peter Rawson Taft of the powerful Taft family, he graduated from Yale College in 1833, where he also was a tutor 1835-37. At Yale, he and his classmate William Huntington Russell cofounded Skull and Bones, the preeminent senior society. He subsequently studied law at the Yale Law School, was admitted to the Connecticut bar in 1838, moved to Cincinnati in 1839 where he was a member of the Cincinnati City Council, and became one of the most influential citizens of Ohio. He was a member of the boards of trustees of the University of Cincinnati and of Yale College.
He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1856, and also that year made an unsuccessful run for the United States House of Representatives against George H. Pendleton. He was a judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati from 1866 to 1872 when he resigned to practise law with two of his sons. He was the first president of the Cincinnati Bar Association, serving in 1872. At a famous 1874 Taft family reunion at Elmshade, at Uxbridge, Mass., Alphonso delivered an impassioned speech on his family history and his father's origins in this community, as recorded in his biography.
wn.com/Alphonso_Taft -
Amos Humiston
Amos Humiston was killed in action during the American Civil War on the Gettysburg Battlefield, dying with his childrens' image that his wife had mailed to him months earlier. A local girl found the image, and Dr. J. Francis Bournes saw it at her father's tavern and subsequently promoted the image: "wounded, he had laid himself down to die. In his hands…was an ambrotype containing the portraits of three small children… [It is] desired that all papers in the country will draw attention [so] the family…may come into possession of it" (The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 19, 1863).
Humiston's wife in Portville, New York--who hadn't received a letter from her husband since the Battle of Gettysburg--responded to the photograph description in the American Presbyterian of October 29. She subsequently confirmed the image after Bourns sent her a carte de visite copy of the image. Bourns took the original to her; and the image identification, as well as Bourns' project for an orphans' home at Gettysburg, were publicized.
wn.com/Amos_Humiston -
Andrew Gregg Curtin
Andrew Gregg Curtin (April 22, 1817 – October 7, 1894) was a U.S. lawyer and politician. He served as the Governor of Pennsylvania during the Civil War.
Curtin was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. His parents were Roland Curtin, Sr., a wealthy Irish-born iron manufacturer from County Clare, and Jane (Gregg) Curtin, the daughter of U.S. Senator Andrew Gregg. His father, with Miles Boggs, established the Eagle Ironworks at Curtin Village in 1810. He attended Bellefonte Academy and Dickinson College and the Dickinson School of Law and was employed as a lawyer. His first public office was as Secretary of the Commonwealth. In 1855, Governor James Pollock appointed him as Superintendent of Public Schools. He switched political allegiance from the Whigs to the new Republican political party in 1860, with his successful run for governor. He served in that office from 1861 until 1867.
During the Civil War, Curtin organized the Pennsylvania reserves into combat units, and oversaw the construction of the first Union military camp for training militia. It opened in an agricultural school nearby Harrisburg as Camp Curtin on April 18, 1861, and more than 300 000 men were drilled there during 4 years. In the years that followed, Curtin became a close friend and confidant of Abraham Lincoln, visiting the White House several times in order to converse about the status of the war effort.
wn.com/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin -
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States (1865–1869). As Vice President of the United States in 1865, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. Johnson then presided over the initial and contentious Reconstruction era of the United States following the American Civil War. Johnson's reconstruction policies failed to promote the rights of the Freedmen, and he came under vigorous political attack from Republicans, ending in his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the U.S. Senate.
Johnson, born in poverty and of Scots-Irish descent, became a master tailor and was self-educated, married and had five children. He served as an alderman and as Mayor of Greeneville, Tennessee and then sat in both houses of the Tennessee legislature. He went on to spend five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives and two terms as Governor of Tennessee, all as a Democrat. His signature legislative endeavor in the state and federal arenas was passage of the Homestead Act.
wn.com/Andrew_Johnson -
Arthur Fremantle
General Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, GCMG, CB (November 1835 – 25 September 1901) was a British soldier, a member of Her Majesty's Coldstream Guards, and a notable British witness to the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. Whilst holding the rank of "Captain and Lieutenant Colonel" he spent three months (from April 2 until July 16, 1863) in North America, traveling through parts of the Confederate States of America and the Union. Contrary to popular belief, Colonel Fremantle was not an official representative of the United Kingdom; instead, he was something of a "tourist".
Arthur James Lyon Fremantle was born in November 1835 into a distinguished military family. His father, Major General John Fremantle, had commanded a battalion of the Coldstream Guards, and had participated in the Peninsular War, as well as serving as aide-de-camp to Lieutenant General John Whitelocke during the abortive British invasion of Buenos Aires in 1807. Arthur's middle name, Lyon, came from his mother, Agnes Lyon.
wn.com/Arthur_Fremantle -
Benito Juárez
Benito Juárez (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈnito ˈxwaɾes]; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) born Benito Pablo Juárez García, was a Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served five terms as president of Mexico: 1858–1861 as interim, then 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871 and 1871–1872. He resisted the French occupation of Mexico, overthrew the Second Mexican Empire, restored the Republic, and used liberal efforts to modernize the country.
Juárez was born on 21 March 1806 in a small adobe home in the village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, located in the mountain range now known as the "Sierra Juárez". His parents, Marcelino Juárez and Brígida García, were peasants who both died of complications of diabetes when he was three years old. Shortly after, his grandparents died as well , and his uncle then raised him. He described his parents as "indios de la raza primitiva del país," that is, "Indians of the original race of the country." He worked in the corn fields and as a shepherd until the age of 12, when he walked to the city of Oaxaca de Juárez to attend school. At the time, he was illiterate and could not speak Spanish, only Zapotec.
wn.com/Benito_Juárez -
Black Hills
The Black Hills (Pahá Sápa in Lakota, Moʼȯhta-voʼhonáaeva in Cheyenne) are a small, isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, USA.Harney Peak, which rises to 7,244 feet (2,208 m), is the range's highest summit. The Black Hills encompass the Black Hills National Forest and are home to the tallest peaks of continental North America east of the Rockies. The name "Black Hills" is a translation of the Lakota Pahá Sápa. The hills were so-called because of their dark appearance from a distance, as they were covered in trees.
Native Americans have a long history in the Black Hills. After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took over the territory of the Black Hills, which became central to their culture. In 1868, the U.S. government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. However, when European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills Expedition, erstwhile miners swept into the area in a gold rush. The US government re-assigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota. Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana.
wn.com/Black_Hills -
Black Kettle
Chief Black Kettle (Cheyenne, Moke-tav-a-to) (born ca. 1803, killed November 27, 1868) was a leader of the Southern Cheyenne after 1854, who led efforts to resist American settlement from Kansas and Colorado territories. He was a peacemaker who accepted treaties to protect his people. He survived the Third Colorado Cavalry's Sand Creek Massacre on the Cheyenne reservation in 1864. He and his wife were among those killed in 1868 at the Battle of Washita River, in a US Army attack on their camp by George Armstrong Custer.
Little is known of chief Black Kettle's life prior to 1854, when he was made a chief of the Council of Forty-four, the central government of the Cheyenne tribe. The Council met regularly at the Sun Dance gatherings, where they affirmed unity.
After 1851, Cheyenne-US relations were conducted under the Treaty of Fort Laramie. But, the US government was unwilling to control white expansion into the Great Plains, especially after the Pike's Peak Gold Rush began in 1859. European Americans displaced the Cheyenne from their lands in violation of the treaty, and consumed important resources of water and game. Increasing competition led to armed conflict between the groups.
wn.com/Black_Kettle -
Bloody Knife
Bloody Knife (Sioux:Tamena Way Way or Tamina WeWe; Arikara:Nes I Ri Pat or Nee si Ra Pat; ca. 1840 – June 25, 1876) was an American Indian who served as a scout and guide for the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment. He was the favorite scout of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and has been called "perhaps the most famous Native American scout to serve the U.S. Army."
Bloody Knife was born to a Hunkpapa Sioux father and an Arikara mother around 1840. He was abused and discriminated against by the other Sioux in his village because of his mixed race background, in particular by Gall, a future chief. When Bloody Knife was a teenager, he left his village with his mother to live with the Arikara tribe. His brothers were killed during a Sioux raid led by Gall in 1862. Bloody knife found employment as a courier and hunter for the American Fur Company and later served under Alfred Sully before scouting for George Custer on several military expeditions. He died from a bullet wound to the head on June 25, 1876 during the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
wn.com/Bloody_Knife -
Boston Custer
Boston Custer (October 31, 1848 – June 25, 1876) was the youngest brother of U.S. Army General George Armstrong Custer and two-time Medal of Honor recipient Captain Thomas Custer. He was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn along with his two brothers.
Boston Custer was born in New Rumley, Ohio, one of five children born to Emanuel Henry Custer and Maria Ward Fitzpatrick Custer. In 1863, the family left Ohio and moved to Monroe, Michigan. His older brother Nevin became a farmer due to asthma and rheumatism, while George and Tom became military officers in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Boston Custer had been unable to officially join the Army due to poor health.
A civilian contractor, he served as forage master for his brother's U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment in the 1874 Black Hills expedition. He was employed as a guide, forager, packer and scout for the regiment for the 1876 expedition against the Lakota Indians. On June 25, 1876, along with his 18-year-old nephew Henry Armstrong "Autie" Reed, Boston Custer was with the pack train at the rear of Custer's troops. Hearing from a messenger that Lt. Col. Custer had requested ammunition for an impending fight, they quickly left the pack train. The pair passed by Frederick Benteen's detachment and joined Custer's main column as it moved into position to attack a sprawling Indian village along the Little Big Horn River. Had he stayed with the pack train where he was assigned, Boston Custer might have survived the battle.
wn.com/Boston_Custer -
Bryan Grimes
Bryan Grimes (November 2, 1828 – August 14, 1880) was a North Carolina plantation owner and a general officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He fought in nearly all of the major battles of the Eastern Theater of that war.
Grimes was the last man in the Army of Northern Virginia to be appointed by Robert E. Lee as a major general. He also led the final attack of that army shortly before its surrender to Union forces at Appomattox Court House on the morning of April 9, 1865.
Bryan Grimes, Jr. was born on the ancestral family plantation, called "Grimesland," in Pitt County, North Carolina. His father, Bryan Grimes, Sr., was a prosperous planter. His mother, Nancy Grist, was the daughter of a prominent general from Georgia, who died when Grimes was only four years old, and his older sister for a time raised him. He attended school in Nash County and an academy in Little Washington before attending a noted private school in Hillsborough. Grimes, at the age of fifteen, enrolled in the University of North Carolina. He graduated four years later in 1848.
wn.com/Bryan_Grimes -
Carl Schurz
Carl Christian Schurz (German: [ˈkaʁl ˈʃʊʁts]; March 2, 1829 – May 14, 1906) was a German revolutionary, American statesman and reformer, and Union Army General in the American Civil War. He was also an accomplished journalist, newspaper editor and orator, who in 1869 became the first German-born American elected to the United States Senate.
His wife, Margarethe Schurz, was instrumental in establishing the kindergarten system in the United States. During his later years, Schurz was perhaps the most prominent independent in American politics, noted for his high principles, his avoidance of political partisanship, and his moral conscience.
He is famous for saying: "My country, right or wrong; if right, to be kept right; and if wrong, to be set right." Many streets, schools, and parks are named in honor of him, including New York City's Carl Schurz Park.
Schurz was born in Liblar (now part of Erftstadt), Germany on March 2, 1829, the son of a schoolteacher. He studied at the Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne, and learned piano under private instructors. Financial problems in his family obligated him to leave school a year early, without graduating, to help manage his family's financial affairs. Later he graduated from the gymnasium by passing a special examination, and he entered the University of Bonn.
wn.com/Carl_Schurz -
Carnot Posey
Carnot Posey (August 5, 1818 – November 13, 1863) was a Mississippi planter and lawyer, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Bristoe Station. He was transported for care to the University of Virginia, where the rooms on the Lawn all served as Confederate hospital rooms. He was placed in the same room [Room 33 West Lawn] where he lived many years earlier as a UVa Law student and later died in that room of his wounds.
Posey was born near Woodville, Mississippi, the fourth of eight children of planter John Brooke Posey and Elizabeth Screven Posey. He attended the common schools and then graduated from college in Jackson, Mississippi, before studying law at the University of Virginia. He returned to his family's plantation and later established a law practice in Woodville. He married Mary Collins in May 1840 and they had two sons. However, Mary Posey died four years later.
When the Mexican-American War erupted, Posey was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 1st Mississippi Rifles, a volunteer regiment commanded by future Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Posey fought at the Battle of Buena Vista, where he was wounded.
wn.com/Carnot_Posey -
Charles Candy
Charles Candy (August 7, 1832 – October 28, 1910) was a career soldier in the United States Army who served as an officer in the volunteer Union Army during the American Civil War. He commanded an Ohio regiment and, frequently, a brigade, during the war, and played a role in the defense of Culp's Hill during the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg.
Candy was born in Lexington, Kentucky. He joined the United States Army on May 14, 1850, as an enlisted man with the rank of private and subsequently served in a wide variety of garrisons and outposts. He served under Richard S. Ewell in the 1st Dragoons. He was promoted to corporal in March 1853. Candy was honorably discharged in May 1855.
Candy resumed his military career in January 1856 as a private in the 1st U.S. Infantry. In May 1856, he was promoted to sergeant. By the eve of the Civil War, he was a sergeant major. Discharged from the regular army on January 1, 1861, Candy became a volunteer clerk in the Department of the Ohio.
Following the outbreak of the Civil War and the firing on the Union garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, Candy was appointed on September 21, 1861, as a captain and assistant adjutant general of volunteers. He served on the staff of Charles Pomeroy Stone at the time of the Battle of Ball's Bluff. Candy resigned his staff position on December 3, 1861. He was commissioned colonel of the 66th Ohio Infantry on December 17 of that year.
wn.com/Charles_Candy -
Charles Coster
Charles R. Coster (c. 1837 – December 23, 1888) was an American soldier and public official, who is best known for commanding a brigade at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Coster was born in New York City, New York. On April 17, 1861, just five days after the firing on Fort Sumter, he enlisted as a private in the 7th New York Militia, one of the first regiments to come to the defense of Washington, DC at the outbreak of the Civil War. He later enlisted in 1861 at age 24 as a first lieutenant in 12th U. S. Infantry. He served in Brig. Gen. George Sykes's division of V Corps in the Seven Days Battles, being commended by his superiors for his conduct at the Battle of Gaines' Mill on June 27, 1862.
On October 8, 1862, Coster was named colonel of the recently organized 134th New York Infantry Regiment. By December 31, 1862, the regiment belonged to Col. Orland Smith's 2nd Brigade of Maj. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr's 2nd Division, XI Corps, Army of the Potomac. Coster's regiment participated in the Battle of Chancellorsville under Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow, who had been appointed brigade commander in place of Smith. During May 1863, Coster's regiment joined the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, under Col. Adolphus Buschbeck. When Buschbeck went on leave on June 10, Coster became brigade commander. In that role he patrolled near Boonsboro, Maryland before marching to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
wn.com/Charles_Coster -
Daniel Sickles
Daniel Edgar Sickles (October 20, 1819 – May 3, 1914) was a colorful and controversial American politician, Union general in the American Civil War, and diplomat.
As an antebellum New York politician, Sickles was involved in a number of public scandals, most notably the killing of his wife's lover, Philip Barton Key II, son of Francis Scott Key. He was acquitted with the first use of temporary insanity as a legal defense in U.S. history. He became one of the most prominent political generals of the Civil War. At the Battle of Gettysburg, he insubordinately moved his III Corps to a position in which it was virtually destroyed, an action that continues to generate controversy; despite this, he would eventually be awarded the Medal of Honor in 1897. His combat career ended at Gettysburg when his leg was struck by cannon fire.
After the war, Sickles commanded military districts during Reconstruction, served as U.S. Minister to Spain, and eventually returned to the U.S. Congress, where he made important legislative contributions to the preservation of the Gettysburg Battlefield.
wn.com/Daniel_Sickles -
David McConaughy
David McConaughy (July 23, 1823 – 1902) was a noted attorney, cemetery president, and civic leader in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as well as a part-time intelligence officer for the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was a driving force behind the creation of the Gettysburg National Cemetery following the Battle of Gettysburg. He also led early efforts to preserve the Gettysburg Battlefield for future generations.
McConaughy was the grandson of Irish immigrants who had settled in Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1712. The McConaughy family was among the first settlers of Adams County and among the most prominent pioneers. He was the youngest of six children of John and Margaret (Patterson) McConaughy. His father died when he was four years old, and David was raised by foster parents. He attended Gettysburg College from 1834 until 1838, when he transferred to Washington College, where his uncle, also named David McConaughy, a former Presbyterian minister in Gettysburg, was the president. After graduating in 1840, he accepted a position as principal of a high school in Maryland, where he remained two years.
wn.com/David_McConaughy -
Edward Clark Potter
Edward Clark Potter (November 26, 1857 - June 21, 1923) was an American sculptor best known for his equestrian and animal statues. His most famous works are the marble lions, nicknamed "Patience" and "Fortitude", in front of the New York Public Library.
Born in New London, Connecticut, he grew up in Enfield, Massachusetts, where he lived with his mother Mary and sister Clara. There he went to local schools. At 17, due to his mother's wish that he become a minister, he entered Williston Seminary in Easthampton, Massachusetts, for four years. He entered Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts, in the class of 1882. He only attended for three semesters, but later was granted an honorary Master's degree. He studied drawing at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston with Frederic Crowninshield and Otto Grundmann. There he also did some modelling with the sculptor Truman H. Bartlett.
In 1883 he became an assistant to Daniel Chester French and concentrated on animal studies and working as a manager and salesman in the quarries.
wn.com/Edward_Clark_Potter -
Edward Lloyd Thomas
Edward Lloyd Thomas (March 23, 1825 – March 8, 1898) was a Confederate infantry general during the American Civil War from the state of Georgia. He was an uncle to famed American Old West lawman Heck Thomas who helped bring down the Doolin Dalton Gang.
Thomas was born in Clarke County, Georgia, to Edward Lloyd Thomas and Mary Hogue, the youngest of eleven children. He was a graduate of Oxford College of Emory University and served in the Mexican-American War from May 1847 until August 1848 as a second lieutenant in an independent company of Georgia mounted men. Before serving he farmed in Whitfield County, Georgia. Three of his brothers were Confederate officers: Henry Philip (b. 1810) a colonel in the 16th Regiment of Georgia was killed in battle at Fort Saunders in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1863; Lovick Pierce Thomas, I (1812–1878) captain and quartermaster of the 35th Georgia Infantry resigned in 1863 due to injury; Wesley Wailes (1820–1906) served as a major in Phillip's Legion of Cavalry.
wn.com/Edward_Lloyd_Thomas -
Edward McPherson
Edward McPherson (July 31, 1830 – December 14, 1895) was a Pennsylvania newspaper editor and politician who served 2 terms as a United States Congressman. As a director of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, he effected efforts to protect and mark portions of the Gettysburg Battlefield.
Born near Gettysburg, McPherson studied law and botany to graduate as 1848 Pennsylvania College valedictorian. In Thaddeus Stevens' firm in Lancaster, McPherson became a Whig. McPherson left the law practice due to illness and moved to Harrisburg, editing the Harrisburg American in 1851, the Lancaster Independent Whig (1851-1854), and the Pittsburgh Daily Times (1855). He moved back to Gettysburg in 1856 and resumed his legal career. He inherited his father's farm west of town along the Chambersburg Turnpike in 1858.[citation needed] and was elected to the 36th and 37th United States Congresses (1859-March 1863, Republican). He was a member of the Republican National Committee in 1860.
McPherson organized Company K of the First Pennsylvania Reserves at the beginning of the American Civil War,[1] and was defeated in the 1862 reelection when his House of Representatives district (Adams, Franklin, Fulton, Bedford, and Juniata counties)[2] was expanded to include opposing Radical Republicans in Somerset County[citation needed] (substituted for Juniata). President Abraham Lincoln appointed McPherson as Deputy Commissioner of Revenue in 1863. After the Battle of Gettysburg, McPherson became an officer of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association with an office on the corner of Baltimore and Middle streets[3] and after Congressman Morehead nominated him,[4] Thaddeus Stevens had him appointed as Clerk of the House of Representatives (December 8, 1863-December 5, 1875).[citation needed]
wn.com/Edward_McPherson -
Ellis Spear
Ellis Spear (October 15, 1834 – April 3, 1917) was an officer in the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment who rose to the rank of general during the American Civil War.
Spear was born in Warren, Maine, in 1834 and was educated at Bowdoin College, graduating in 1858. Eventually Spear studied law, but when the Civil War erupted he became a recruiter and formed Company G of the 20th Maine. Spear was commissioned as a captain, but was quickly promoted to the rank of major, then lieutenant colonel, and later brevetted colonel and brigadier general at the end of the war. At Appomattox Court House in 1865, Spear witnessed the meeting of Grant and Lee during the surrender the Army of Northern Virginia.
After the war, Spear became a patent attorney and eventually became the United States Commissioner of Patents and wrote about the war. One author claims that Spear believed that many members of the 20th Maine, particularly Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, exaggerated their roles at the Battle of Gettysburg actions at Little Round Top. His writings provide corroboration to Lieutenant Holman S. Melcher's claims about initiating the charge.
wn.com/Ellis_Spear -
Fitzhugh Lee
Fitzhugh Lee (November 19, 1835 – April 28, 1905), nephew of Robert E. Lee, was a Confederate cavalry general in the American Civil War, the 40th Governor of Virginia, diplomat, and United States Army general in the Spanish-American War.
Lee was born at Clermont in Fairfax County, Virginia. He was the grandson of "Light Horse Harry" Lee, a nephew of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, and cousin of George Washington Custis Lee, W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee, and Robert E. Lee, Jr. His father, Sydney Smith Lee, was a fleet captain under Commodore Perry in Japanese waters and rose to the rank of Commodore; his mother, Anna Maria Mason Lee, was a granddaughter of George Mason and the sister of James Murray Mason.
Graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1856, Lee was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (later redesignated the 5th Cavalry Regiment), which was commanded by Colonel Albert Sidney Johnston, and in which his uncle, Robert E. Lee, was lieutenant colonel. As a cavalry subaltern, he distinguished himself by his gallant conduct in actions against the Comanches in Texas, and was severely wounded in a fight in Nescutunga, Texas, in 1859. In May 1860, he was appointed instructor of cavalry tactics at West Point, but resigned his commission upon the secession of Virginia.
wn.com/Fitzhugh_Lee -
Frederick Benteen
Frederick William Benteen (August 24, 1834 – June 22, 1898) was a military officer during the American Civil War and then during the Black Hills War against the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne. He is notable for being in command of a battalion (Companies D, H,& K) of the 7th U. S. Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Frederick Benteen was born August 24, 1834, in Petersburg, Virginia to Theodore Charles Benteen and his wife Caroline (Hargrove) Benteen. Benteen's ancestors had emigrated to America from Holland in the eighteenth century, settling in Baltimore. The family had moved to Virginia from Baltimore shortly after the birth of their first child, Henrietta Elizabeth, in October 1831. Frederick Benteen was educated at the Petersburg Classical Institute, where he was first trained in military drill. His family moved to St. Louis, Missouri in 1849. In 1856, he became acquainted with Catharine "Kate" Louisa Norman, a young woman recently arrived in St. Louis from Philadelphia.
The election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President in 1860 polarized the country. Theodore Charles Benteen, an ardent secessionist, vehemently opposed his son's associating with Unionists. A family crisis was ignited when Frederick joined the Union Army on September 1, 1861 as a first lieutenant in the 1st Missouri Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Frederick married Catherine Norman on January 7, 1862 at Saint George's Church in St. Louis. In July 1863, Catherine Benteen gave birth to the couple's first child, Caroline Elizabeth, but the daughter would die before reaching her first year.
wn.com/Frederick_Benteen -
George Bird Grinnell
George Bird Grinnell (September 20, 1849 – April 11, 1938) was an American anthropologist, historian, naturalist, and writer. Grinnell was born in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in 1870 and a Ph.D. in 1880. Originally specializing in zoology, he became a prominent early conservationist and student of Native American life. Grinnell has been recognized for his influence on public opinion and work on legislation to preserve the American buffalo.
Grinnell had extensive contact with the terrain, animals and Native Americans of the northern plains, starting with being part of the last great hunt of the Pawnee in 1872. He spent many years studying the natural history of the region. As a graduate student, he accompanied Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer’s 1874 Black Hills expedition as a naturalist. He declined a similar appointment to the ill-fated 1876 Little Big Horn expedition. (Punke, p. 109)
In 1875, Colonel William Ludlow, who had been part of Custer's gold exploration effort, invited Grinnell to serve as naturalist and mineralogist on an expedition to Montana and the newly established Yellowstone Park. Grinnell prepared an attachment to the expedition's report, in which he documented the poaching of buffalo, deer, elk and antelope for hides. "It is estimated that during the winter of 1874-1875, not less than 3,000 Buffalo and mule deer suffer even more severely than the elk, and the antelope nearly as much." (Punke, pp. 102) His experience in Yellowstone led Grinnell to write the first of many magazine articles dealing with conservation, the protection of the buffalo, and the American West.
wn.com/George_Bird_Grinnell -
George Hull Ward
George Hull Ward (April 26, 1826 – July 3, 1863) was a soldier and Union officer in the American Civil War.
Ward was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and educated in the common schools. He married Emily E. Mayo on June 5, 1851. In 1852, Ward rose to command the Worcester City Guards, a local militia company.
With the outbreak of the Civil War, Ward enlisted in the Union Army. On July 24, 1861, he was mustered into the 15th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry with the rank of lieutenant colonel to fill an original vacancy. On October 21, 1861, he was wounded in action at the Battle of Ball's Bluff and his left foot was amputated.
In 1862, Ward was promoted to the rank of colonel, and in 1863, he commanded the 15th Massachusetts, which was part of the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, II Corps in the Army of the Potomac. On July 2, 1863, during the Battle of Gettysburg, Ward's regiment was heavily engaged on the Union left-center along Cemetery Ridge and Colonel Ward, along with 36 others, was mortally wounded. He died the following day and is buried in the Rural Cemetery, Worcester.
wn.com/George_Hull_Ward -
George Meade
George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved in coastal construction, including several lighthouses. He fought with distinction in the Second Seminole War and Mexican-American War. During the American Civil War he served as a Union general, rising from command of a brigade to the Army of the Potomac. He is best known for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.
Meade's Civil War combat experience started as a brigade commander in the Peninsula Campaign and the Seven Days Battles, including the Battle of Glendale, where he was wounded severely. As a division commander he had notable success at the Battle of South Mountain and assumed temporary corps command at the Battle of Antietam. His division was arguably the most successful during the assaults at the Battle of Fredericksburg. During the Gettysburg Campaign, he was appointed to command the Army of the Potomac just three days before the Battle of Gettysburg, but was able to organize his forces to fight a successful defensive battle against Robert E. Lee. This victory was marred by his ineffective pursuit during the Retreat from Gettysburg, by the inconclusive campaigns in the fall of 1863, and by intense political rivalries within the Army, notably with Daniel Sickles.
wn.com/George_Meade -
George Pickett
George Edward Pickett (January 16, 25, or 28, 1825 – July 30, 1875) was a career United States Army officer who became a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for his participation in the futile and bloody assault at the Battle of Gettysburg that bears his name, Pickett's Charge.
Pickett was born in Richmond, Virginia, the first of the eight children of Robert and Mary Pickett, a prominent family of Old Virginia of English origins, and one of the "first families" of Virginia. He was the cousin of future Confederate general Henry Heth. He went to Springfield, Illinois, to study law, but at the age of 17 he was appointed to the United States Military Academy. Legend has it that Pickett's West Point appointment was secured for him by Abraham Lincoln, but this is largely believed to be a story circulated by his widow following his death. Lincoln, as an Illinois state legislator, could not nominate candidates, although he did give the young man advice after he was accepted; Pickett was actually appointed by Illinois Congressman John T. Stuart, a friend of Pickett's uncle and a law partner of Abraham Lincoln.
wn.com/George_Pickett -
George Sykes
George Sykes (October 9, 1822 – February 8, 1880) was a career United States Army officer and a Union General during the American Civil War.
Sykes was born in Dover, Delaware. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1842 and was commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Infantry. He served in the Mexican-American War and Seminole War and was brevetted as a captain for actions at the Battle of Cerro Gordo.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Sykes was assigned as a major in the 14th U.S. Infantry. At the First Battle of Bull Run, he commanded the Regular Infantry Battalion, a collection of eight regular army companies from different regiments, the only regulars on the field. He continued his association with regulars in the early defensive positions around Washington, D.C., and then as a division commander of regulars in the Peninsula Campaign, the 2nd Division of the V Corps. His men, who often referred to themselves as "Sykes' Regulars," distinguished themselves defending their position at Gaines' Mill during the Seven Days Battles, before the Union line broke elsewhere.
wn.com/George_Sykes -
German American
German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry and comprise about 50 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group.California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German Americans at over one-third.
None of the historical German states had overseas colonies, so not until the 1680s did the first significant groups of German immigrants arrive in the British colonies, settling primarily in New York and Pennsylvania. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with some eight million arrivals from Germany. They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Europe by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others simply for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where "Germania"—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.
wn.com/German_American -
German Palatines
The German Palatines were natives of the Electorate of the Palatinate region of Germany, although a few had come to Germany from Switzerland, the Alsace, and probably other parts of Europe. Towards the end of the 17th century and into the 18th, the wealthy region was repeatedly invaded by French troops, which resulted in continuous military requisitions, widespread devastation and famine. The "Poor Palatines" were some 13,000 Germans who came to England between May and November 1709. Their arrival in England, and the inability of the British Government to integrate them, caused a highly politicized debate over the merits of immigration. The English tried to settle them in England, Ireland, and the Colonies. The English transported nearly 3,000 in ten ships to New York in 1710. Many of them first were assigned to work camps along the Hudson River to work off their passage. Close to 850 families settled in the Hudson River Valley, primarily in what are now Germantown and Saugerties, New York. In 1723 100 heads of families from the work camps were the first Europeans to acquire land west of Little Falls, New York, in present-day Herkimer County on both the north and south sides along the Mohawk River. Later additional Palatine Germans settled along the Mohawk River for several miles, founding towns such as Palatine Bridge, and in the Schoharie Valley.
wn.com/German_Palatines -
Ginnie Wade
Mary Virginia "Ginnie" (or "Jennie") Wade (May 21, 1843 – July 3, 1863), a seamstress, was the only Gettysburg civilian killed directly during the Battle of Gettysburg.
The house where she was killed became a popular tourist attraction and museum called the "Jennie Wade House."
Wade was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. She worked as a seamstress with her mother in their house on Breckenridge Street while her father was in a mental asylum. She may have been engaged to Johnston Hastings "Jack" Skelly, a corporal in the 87th Pennsylvania, who had been wounded two weeks earlier in the Battle of Winchester. He died from his injuries on July 12, 1863, unaware that Wade had died days earlier.
Wade, her mother, and two younger brothers left their home in central Gettysburg and traveled to the house of her sister, Georgia Anna Wade McClellan at 528 Baltimore Street to assist her and her newborn child. It was July 1, 1863, during the first day's fighting of the Battle of Gettysburg. More than 150 bullets hit the McClellan house during the fighting.
wn.com/Ginnie_Wade -
Goode Bryan
Goode Bryan (August 31, 1811 – August 16, 1885) was a planter, politician, military officer, and American Civil War general in the Confederate States Army. His brigade played a prominent role during the Battle of the Wilderness, fighting stubbornly until exhausting its ammunition.
Bryan was born in Hancock County, Georgia. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy, graduating 25th of 36 in the Class of 1834. He was appointed a brevet second lieutenant in the 5th U.S. Infantry. However, he resigned his commission after only ten months in the army, and moved back to Georgia to pursue a vocation as a planter. He later moved to Tallapoosa County, Alabama, and studied law. He briefly entered politics, serving in the Alabama general assembly in 1843. In June 1846, Bryan joined the 1st Alabama Volunteer Infantry as its major. He served in the Mexican-American War, seeing action at a number of battles. After the war, he resumed his law practice before returning to Georgia and farming. He married Anna Twiggs, daughter of a prominent Virginia plantation owner. In 1859, their daughter Sarah was born.
wn.com/Goode_Bryan -
Harrison Jeffords
Harrison Jeffords (August 21, 1834 – July 3, 1863) was the colonel of the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. He was noted for his heroism on July 2, 1863 during the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he gave his life while protecting the United States flag.
Jeffords was born in Michigan and educated in the common schools. A practicing lawyer during the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the 4th Michigan Volunteer Infantry and became captain of Company C. He later rose to the command of the regiment as its colonel. He saw action in several of the major battles in the Eastern Theater while serving in the Army of the Potomac.
While Colonel Jeffords was back in Michigan on a recruiting trip, the ladies of Monroe, Michigan, presented him with a new national flag to replace the regiment's original flag, which had been badly damaged in recent battles. Jeffords stated that he would defend the flag with his life.
During the second day at Gettysburg, the color-bearer of the regiment dropped this flag, and Jeffords advanced to retrieve it. He is said to have shot a Confederate soldier who had seized the flag and grasped the banner himself. In the ensuing melee, Jeffords received a gunshot wound to the thigh and was bayonetted by a Confederate soldier in the left abdomen, mortally wounding the 26-year-old officer. Meanwhile, other soldiers of the Fourth Michigan, including Lt. Michael Vreeland, rushed to his aid and reportedly carried both the flag and their fallen commander out of the Wheatfield. As his life slowly drained away, his final words were said to be "Mother, mother, mother." He died at 4 AM the next day, July 3, 1863. Jeffords became the highest commissioned officer in the Civil War to die of a bayonet wound. His body was sent home to Dexter, Michigan, after the battle, where approximately 2000 people attended the funeral of its beloved hero. He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Dexter.
wn.com/Harrison_Jeffords -
Henry Baxter
Henry Baxter (September 8, 1821 – December 30, 1873) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. At the Battle of Gettysburg, his brigade resisted a Confederate assault from parts of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes's division, slaughtering hundreds in a surprise attack on Colonel Alfred Iverson's brigade, and held the north flank of the Union position for much of the day before retiring due to lack of ammunition. He was wounded four times during the war. He later served as President Grant's Minister to Honduras.
Baxter was born in Sidney Plains, Delaware County, New York. His grandfathers had both served in the American Revolutionary War. In 1831, he and his father moved to Jonesville, Michigan. In 1849, he traveled to California with a company of thirty men in search of gold, returning in 1852 to Jonesville to become a miller. He commanded a military unit he organized known as the Jonesville Light Guards.
Due to his military experience, Baxter was elected captain of a local company that became Company C of the 7th Michigan Infantry Regiment. He was wounded severely in the abdomen during the Seven Days Battles. During the Battle of Antietam, as lieutenant colonel of his regiment, he was wounded again in the right leg as his regiment was decimated along with the rest of Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick's division during an ambush. He left for Michigan to recuperate, and was promoted to command of the regiment prior to the Battle of Fredericksburg. His regiment was selected to make an amphibious assault to drive Confederate sharpshooters out of the town, and they were successful, although Baxter was again wounded, this time in the left shoulder. When he returned to duty, he was appointed brigadier general on March 12, 1863.
wn.com/Henry_Baxter -
Henry Heth
Henry "Harry" Heth ( /ˈhiːθ/ not /ˈhɛθ/; December 16, 1825 – September 27, 1899) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He is best remembered for inadvertently precipitating the Battle of Gettysburg, when he sent some of his troops of the Army of Northern Virginia to the small Pennsylvania village, according to his memoirs, to get some shoes.
Heth was born at Black Heath in Chesterfield County, Virginia, son of United States Navy Captain John Heth, and Margaret L. Pickett. He was a cousin of George Pickett. He usually went by "Harry," the name also preferred by his grandfather, American Revolutionary War Colonel Henry Heth, who had established the Heth family in the coal business in the Virginia Colony after emigrating from England about 1759.
He was one of the few generals whom Robert E. Lee called by his first name. Heth graduated from the United States Military Academy at the bottom of his class in 1847; he was wounded at West Point in 1846 with a bayonet stab to his leg. He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant and assigned to the 1st Infantry Regiment. His antebellum career was served primarily in western posts, some as a quartermaster. He was serving as a first lieutenant in the 6th Infantry when John C. Symmes III refused a captaincy in the new 10th Infantry on March 3, 1855, and Heth was appointed in his place. He played a prominent role in the 1855 Battle of Ash Hollow leading a company of mounted infantry against the Lakota. In 1858, he created the first marksmanship manual for the Army.
wn.com/Henry_Heth -
Henry Jackson Hunt
Henry Jackson Hunt (September 14, 1819 – February 11, 1889) was Chief of Artillery in the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Considered by his contemporaries the greatest artillery tactician and strategist of the war, he was a master of the science of gunnery and rewrote the manual on the organization and use of artillery in early modern armies. His courage and tactics affected the outcome of some of the most significant battles in the war.
Hunt was born in the frontier outpost of Detroit, Michigan, the son of Samuel Wellington Hunt, a career infantry officer. He was named after his uncle, Henry Jackson Hunt, who was the second mayor of Detroit. As a child in 1827, he accompanied his father on the expedition to the future Kansas Territory that founded Fort Leavenworth. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1839 as a brevet second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Artillery. He served in the Mexican War under Winfield Scott, and was appointed a brevet captain for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco and to major at Chapultepec. On October 5, 1856, Brevet Major Hunt commanded Company M, 2nd U.S. Artillery from Fort Leavenworth, that protected the polls at Eaton, Kansas, during the territorial legislature elections. Hunt served with the same unit during the Utah War in 1857 against the Mormons. His permanent (regular army) promotions to captain and major were in 1852 and 1861, respectively.
wn.com/Henry_Jackson_Hunt -
Henry Warner Slocum
Henry Warner Slocum (September 24, 1827 – April 14, 1894), was a Union general during the American Civil War and later served in the United States House of Representatives from New York. During the war, he was one of the youngest major generals in the Army and fought numerous major battles in the Eastern Theater and in Georgia and the Carolinas. Controversy arose from his conduct at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was accused of indecision and a dilatory advance to the battlefield, earning him the derogatory nickname "Slow Come".
Slocum was born in Delphi, a hamlet in Onondaga County, New York. He attended Cazenovia Seminary and worked as a teacher. He obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1848, where he did well academically, graduating 7th of 43 in his 1852 class;considerably better than his roommate, Philip Sheridan. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Artillery on July 1, 1852. He served in the Seminole War in Florida and at Fort Moultrie in Charleston Harbor, married Clara Rice in 1854, and was promoted to first lieutenant on March 3, 1855. He resigned his commission October 31, 1856, and settled in Syracuse, New York.
wn.com/Henry_Warner_Slocum -
Hiram Berdan
Hiram Berdan (September 6, 1824 – March 31, 1893) was an American engineer, inventor and military officer, world-renowned marksman, and guiding force behind and commanding colonel of the famed United States Volunteer Sharpshooter Regiments during the American Civil War. He was the inventor of the Berdan rifle, the Berdan centerfire primer and numerous other weapons and accessories.
Berdan was born in Phelps, a small town in Ontario County, New York. A mechanical engineer in New York City, he had been the top rifle shot in the country for fifteen years prior to the Civil War. He invented a repeating rifle and a patented musket ball before the war. He had also developed the first commercial gold amalgamation machine to separate gold from ore. He invented a reaper and a mechanical bakery. His inventions had brought him wealth and international fame.
In the summer and fall of 1861, he was involved in the recruiting of eighteen companies, from eight states, which were formed into two sharpshooter regiments with the backing of General Winfield Scott and President Abraham Lincoln. Berdan was named as Colonel of the resultant 1st and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters on November 30, 1861. His men, who had to pass rigorous marksmanship tests, were dressed in distinctive green uniforms and equipped with the most advanced long-range rifles featuring telescopic sights. Even when assigned to a brigade, the regiments were usually detached for special assignments on the field of battle. They were frequently used for skirmish duty. Berdan fought at the Seven Days Battles and Second Battle of Bull Run. In September 1862, his sharpshooters were at the Battle of Shepherdstown. Berdan commanded the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 3rd Corps, Army of the Potomac in February and March 1863, then he commanded the 3rd Brigade at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
wn.com/Hiram_Berdan -
Irvin McDowell
Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885) was a career American army officer. He is best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large-scale battle of the American Civil War.
McDowell was born in Columbus, Ohio, son of Abram Irvin McDowell and Eliza Seldon McDowell, both of Irish Catholic descent. He was a cousin-in-law of John Buford, and his brother, John Adair McDowell, served as the first colonel of the 6th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Civil War. Irvin initially attended the College de Troyes in France before graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1838, where one of his classmates was P.G.T. Beauregard, his future adversary at First Bull Run. He was commissioned a second lieutenant and posted to the 1st U.S. Artillery. McDowell served as a tactics instructor at West Point, before becoming aide-de-camp to General John E. Wool during the Mexican-American War. He was brevetted captain at Buena Vista and served in the Adjutant General's department after the war. While in that department he was promoted to major on May 31, 1856.
wn.com/Irvin_McDowell -
James Dearing
James Dearing (April 25, 1840 – April 22, 1865) was a Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of High Bridge during the Appomattox Campaign, making him one of the last officers to die in the war; there are claims that he was the last general officer to die in the war.
Dearing was born in Campbell County, Virginia. He attended Hanover Academy, but received an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1858. He was first in his class and nearing the completion of his West Point education when his home state seceded. He resigned on April 22, 1861, and was commissioned a lieutenant of artillery in the Virginia Militia.
Dearing fought in at the First Battle of Bull Run in the Washington Artillery out of New Orleans. He and his guns served with George E. Pickett's Brigade at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, and with Pickett's Division at Fredericksburg. He was promoted to captain during this time.
At the Battle of Gettysburg Dearing commanded a battalion of artillery in Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, as a major. He actively participated in the second and third days of battle including the massive artillery bombardment prior to Pickett's Charge. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on February 27, 1864. He took command of the horse artillery for Robert E. Lee's army and then commanded various cavalry brigades through the end of the war.
wn.com/James_Dearing -
James Longstreet
James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse." He served under Lee as a corps commander for many of the famous battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, but also with Gen. Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater. Biographer and historian Jeffry D. Wert wrote that "Longstreet ... was the finest corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia; in fact, he was arguably the best corps commander in the conflict on either side."
Longstreet's talents as a general made significant contributions to the Confederate victories at Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chickamauga, in both offensive and defensive roles. He also performed strongly during the Seven Days Battles, the Battle of Antietam, and until he was seriously wounded, at the Battle of the Wilderness. His performance in semiautonomous command during the Knoxville Campaign resulted in a Confederate defeat. His most controversial service was at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he disagreed with General Lee on the tactics to be employed and reluctantly supervised the disastrous infantry assault known as Pickett's Charge.
wn.com/James_Longstreet -
John Bell Hood
John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood had a reputation for bravery and aggressiveness that sometimes bordered on recklessness. Arguably one of the best brigade and division commanders in the Confederate States Army, Hood became increasingly ineffective as he was promoted to lead larger, independent commands late in the war, and his career was marred by his decisive defeats leading an army in the Atlanta Campaign and the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.
Hood's education at the United States Military Academy led to a career as a junior officer in both the infantry and cavalry of the antebellum U.S. Army in California and Texas. At the start of the Civil War, he offered his services to his adopted state of Texas. He achieved his reputation for aggressive leadership as a brigade commander in the army of Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days Battles in 1862, after which he was promoted to division command. He led a division under James Longstreet in the campaigns of 1862–63. At the Battle of Gettysburg, he was severely wounded, rendering his left arm useless for the rest of his life. Transferred with many of Longstreet's troops to the Western Theater, Hood led a massive assault into a gap in the Union line at the Battle of Chickamauga, but was wounded again, requiring the amputation of his right leg.
wn.com/John_Bell_Hood -
John Brown Gordon
John Brown Gordon (February 6, 1832 – January 9, 1904) was one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted Confederate generals during the American Civil War. After the war, he was a strong opponent of Reconstruction and is thought by some to have been the titular leader of the Ku Klux Klan in Georgia during the late 1860s. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from 1873 to 1880, and again from 1891–1897. He also served as the 53rd Governor of Georgia from 1886 to 1890.
Gordon was descended from an ancient Scottish lineage, the fourth child of twelve, born on his father's plantation in Upson County, Georgia. Many Gordon family members fought in the Revolutionary War. He was an outstanding student at the University of Georgia, were he was a member of the Mystical 7 Society, but left before graduating. He studied law in Atlanta and passed the bar examination. Gordon and his father, Zachariah, invested in a series of coal mines in Tennessee and Georgia. He also practiced law. He represented Georgia in Congress for many years after the Civil War. Gordon married Rebecca "Fanny" Haralson, daughter of Hugh Anderson Haralson, in 1854, and they had a long and happy marriage.
wn.com/John_Brown_Gordon -
John Buford
John Buford, Jr. (March 4, 1826 – December 16, 1863) was a Union cavalry officer during the American Civil War, with a prominent role at the start of the Battle of Gettysburg.
Buford was born in Woodford County, Kentucky, but was raised in Rock Island, Illinois, from the age of eight. His father was a prominent Democratic politician in Illinois and a political opponent of Abraham Lincoln. Buford was of English descent. His family had a long military tradition. John Jr.'s grandfather, Simeon Buford, served in the cavalry during the American Revolutionary War under Henry "Lighthorse" Lee, the father of Robert E. Lee.. His great-uncle Colonel Abraham Buford (of the Waxhaw Massacre), also served in a Virginia regiment. His half-brother, Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, would become a major general in the Union Army. His cousin, Abraham Buford, would become a cavalry brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.
After attending Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, for one year, Buford was accepted into the Class of 1848 at the United States Military Academy (West Point). Upperclassman during Buford's time at West Point included Fitz-John Porter (Class of 1845), George B. McClellan (1846), Thomas J. Jackson (1846), George Pickett (1846), and two future commanders and friends, George Stoneman (1846) and Ambrose Burnside (1847). The Class of 1847 also included A.P. Hill and Henry Heth, two men Buford would face at Gettysburg on the morning of July 1, 1863.
wn.com/John_Buford -
John Gibbon
John Gibbon (April 20, 1827 – February 6, 1896) was a career United States Army officer who fought in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars.
Gibbon was born in the Holmesburg section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the fourth child of ten born to Dr. John Heysham Gibbons and Catharine Lardner Gibbons. When Gibbon was nearly 11 years old the family moved near Charlotte, North Carolina, after his father took a position as chief assayer at the U.S. Mint. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1847 and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery. He served in the Mexican-American War without seeing combat, attempted to keep the peace between Seminoles and settlers in south Florida, and taught artillery tactics at West Point, where he wrote The Artillerist's Manual in 1859. The manual was a highly scientific treatise on gunnery and was used by both sides in the Civil War. In 1855, Gibbon married Francis "Fannie" North Moale. They had four children: Frances Moale Gibbon, Catharine "Katy" Lardner Gibbon, John Gibbon, Jr. (who died as a toddler) and John S. Gibbon.
wn.com/John_Gibbon -
John Irvin Gregg
John Irvin Gregg (July 19, 1826 – January 6, 1892) was a career U.S. Army officer. He fought in the Mexican-American War and during the American Civil War as a general officer in the Union army.
John Irvin Gregg was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, the grandson of Andrew Gregg (a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania) and a cousin of future Union general David McMurtrie Gregg. He was also related to Pennsylvania governor Andrew Gregg Curtin. Gregg served in the "Centre Guards," a Centre County militia unit, as a lieutenant.
During the Mexican-American War, he enlisted as a private in the 2nd Pennsylvania Infantry on December 29, 1846, and was mustered out of the volunteer service on May 6, 1847. He then received promotions to first lieutenant as of February 18, and to captain as of September 5, both in the 11th U.S. Infantry, serving as a recruiting officer. He was honorably discharged on August 14, 1848.
He then entered the iron industry with the firm Irvin, Gregg & Co., owned by family members. He married Harriet Marr, the daughter of a local Presbyterian minister and schoolteacher. They had two sons, Irvin and Robert.
wn.com/John_Irvin_Gregg -
John Sedgwick
John Sedgwick (September 13, 1813 – May 9, 1864) was a teacher, a career military officer, and a Union Army general in the American Civil War. He was the highest ranking Union casualty in the Civil War, killed by a sniper at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
Sedgwick was born in the Litchfield Hills town of Cornwall, Connecticut. He was named after his grandfather, John Sedgwick (brother of Theodore Sedgwick), an American Revolutionary War general who served with George Washington. After teaching for two years, he attended the United States Military Academy, graduated in 1837 ranked 24th of 50, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army's artillery branch. He fought in the Seminole Wars and received two brevet promotions in the Mexican-American War, to captain for Contreras and Churubusco, and to major for Chapultepec. After returning from Mexico he transferred to the cavalry and served in Kansas, in the Utah War, and in the Indian Wars, participating in 1857 in a punitive expedition against the Cheyenne.
wn.com/John_Sedgwick -
Joseph Bradford Carr
Joseph Bradford Carr (August 16, 1828 – February 24, 1895) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Carr was born in Albany, New York, the son of Irish immigrants, and worked as a tobacconist. While living in Troy, New York, he became interested in military affairs and by 1861 was a colonel in the New York militia.
At the start of the war, Carr was instrumental in the recruitment of the 2nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was appointed its colonel on May 14, 1861. Assigned to Fort Monroe, Virginia, the regiment took part in the engagement at Big Bethel. Carr served in the Army of the Potomac throughout the Peninsula Campaign and Seven Days Battles as well as the Northern Virginia Campaign. As a brigade commander in the III Corps, General Carr participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville (commanding a division during a part of the latter after the death of Hiram Berry).
Carr was promoted to brigadier general on September 7, 1862, for gallantry at Malvern Hill, but this promotion was plagued by procedural difficulties. His first appointment was returned to the president on February 12, 1863. He was reappointed on March 30, 1863, but the United States Senate failed to confirm the commission in the session in which he was nominated and it expired on March 30, 1864. He was renominated on April 9, 1864, and confirmed on June 30, 1864, with a date of rank of March 30, 1863.
wn.com/Joseph_Bradford_Carr -
Joseph Hooker
Joseph Hooker (November 13, 1814 – October 31, 1879) was a career United States Army officer, achieving the rank of major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Although he served throughout the war, usually with distinction, Hooker is best remembered for his stunning defeat by Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.
After graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1837, Hooker served in the Seminole Wars and the Mexican-American War, receiving three brevet promotions. Resigning from the Army in 1853, he pursued farming, land development, and (unsuccessfully) politics in California. After the start of the Civil War he returned to the Army as a brigadier general. He distinguished himself as an aggressive combat commander leading a division in the Battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, resulting in his promotion to major general. As a corps commander, he led the initial Union attacks at the Battle of Antietam, in which he was wounded. At the Battle of Fredericksburg, he commanded a "Grand Division" of two corps, and was ordered to conduct numerous futile frontal assaults that caused his men to suffer serious losses. Throughout this period, he conspired against and openly criticized his army commanders. Following the defeat at Fredericksburg, he was given command of the Army of the Potomac.
wn.com/Joseph_Hooker -
Joshua Chamberlain
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (September 8, 1828 – February 24, 1914), born as Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, was an American college professor from the State of Maine, who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army. Although having no earlier education in military strategies, he became a highly respected and decorated Union officer, reaching the rank of brigadier general (and brevet major general). For his gallantry at Gettysburg, he was awarded the Medal of Honor. He was given the honor of commanding the Union troops at the surrender ceremony for the infantry of Robert E. Lee's Army at Appomattox, Virginia. After the war, he entered politics as a Republican and served four one-year terms of office as the 32nd Governor of Maine. He served on the faculty, and as president, of his alma mater, Bowdoin College.
Chamberlain was born Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain in Brewer, Maine, the son of Sarah Dupree (née Brastow) and Joshua Chamberlain. He was the oldest of five children. He entered Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, in 1848, after teaching himself to read Ancient Greek in order to pass the entrance exam. While at Bowdoin he met many people who would influence his life, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, the wife of a Bowdoin professor. Chamberlain would often go to listen to her read passages from what would later become her celebrated novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin. He also joined the Peucinian Society, a group of students with Federalist leanings. A member of the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society and a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, Chamberlain graduated in 1852.
wn.com/Joshua_Chamberlain -
Junius Daniel
Junius Daniel (June 27, 1828 – May 13, 1864) was a planter and career military officer, serving in the United States Army, then in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, as a brigadier general. His troops were instrumental in the Confederates' success at the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. He was killed in action at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
Daniel was born in Halifax, North Carolina, to a wealthy political family. His father, John Reeves Jones Daniel, served as an attorney general of North Carolina and member of the United States Congress. His mother, Martha Stith, came from a prominent family of early Virginians that descended from John Stith and William Randolph. Daniel was educated at an elementary school in Halifax and at the J. M. Lovejoy Academy in Raleigh. President James K. Polk appointed him to the United States Military Academy in 1846. He graduated 33rd out of 42 in the Class of 1851. Appointed a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Infantry, Daniel was sent to Newport, Kentucky as assistant quartermaster. In 1852, he was assigned to Fort Albuquerque in the New Mexico Territory, remaining stationed at the frontier outpost for five years. Temporarily under the command of Richard S. Ewell of the 3rd Dragoons, Lieutenant Daniel saw action in a series of skirmishes with the Apache Indians in 1855. In 1857, Daniel resigned his commission to begin a career as a planter in Louisiana, joining his father who had moved there following his last term in Congress in 1851. In October 1860, Daniel married Ellen Long, daughter of Col. John J. Long of Northampton County, North Carolina. They had no children.
wn.com/Junius_Daniel -
Lafayette McLaws
Lafayette McLaws (January 15, 1821 – July 24, 1897) was a United States Army officer and a Confederate general in the American Civil War.
McLaws, who pronounced his first name English pronunciation: /ləˈfeɪ.ɛt/ lə-FAY-et, was born in Augusta, Georgia. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1842, placing 48th out of 56 cadets. McLaws served as an infantry officer in the Mexican-American War, in the West, and in the Utah War to suppress the Mormon uprising. While at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, he married Emily Allison Taylor, the niece of Zachary Taylor, making him a cousin-in-law of future Confederates Richard Taylor and Jefferson Davis.
At the start of the Civil War, resigning as a U.S. Army captain, McLaws was commissioned a major in the Confederate States Army. He was quickly promoted to colonel of the 10th Georgia Infantry regiment; then quickly again to brigadier general in brigade and division command in the Seven Days Battles; then, on May 23, 1862, to major general. He joined Maj. Gen. James Longstreet's First Corps in the Army of Northern Virginia as 1st Division commander and stayed with Longstreet for most of the war.
wn.com/Lafayette_McLaws -
Lakota people
The Lakota (pronounced [laˈkˣota]; also known as Teton, Titunwan ("prairie dwellers"),Teton Sioux ("snake, or enemy") are an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They are part of a confederation of seven related Sioux tribes,the Oceti Šakowiŋ or seven council fires, and speak Lakota, one of the three major dialects of the Sioux language.
The Lakota are the western-most of the three Sioux-language groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota. The seven bands or "sub-tribes" of the Lakota are:
Notable persons include Tataŋka Iyotake (Sitting Bull) from the Hunkpapa band; and Tašuŋke Witko (Crazy Horse) from the Oglala band, Maȟpiya Luta (Red Cloud), Heȟaka Sapa (Black Elk), Siŋte Gleška (Spotted Tail), Billy Mills and Touch the Clouds from the Oglala band.
Siouan language speakers may have originated in the lower Mississippi River region and then migrated to or originated in the Ohio Valley. They were agriculturalists and may have been part of the Mound Builder civilization during the 9th–12th centuries CE. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Dakota-Lakota-Nakota speakers lived in the upper Mississippi Region in present day Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Dakotas. Conflicts with Anishnaabe and Cree peoples pushed the Lakota west onto the Great Plains in the mid- to late-17th century.
wn.com/Lakota_people -
Leopold von Gilsa
Leopold von Gilsa (died March 1, 1870) was a career soldier who served as an officer in the armies of Prussia and later the United States. He is best known for his role in the misfortunes of the XI Corps in the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War, particularly at the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where many of his men were unjustly accused of cowardice.
Von Gilsa was born in Germany, and served as an officer in the Prussian Army in the First Schleswig War of 1848-51. He moved to the United States and settled in New York City, where he taught and played the piano and sang in the music halls along the Bowery.
When the Civil War erupted, von Gilsa organized the De Kalb Regiment, an all-German unit, which became the 41st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. It was named for a hero of the American Revolution, Baron de Kalb. The regiment's development, which occurred in the Yorkville section of Manhattan, was reported in the New York Times during the spring of 1861. Some of the expenses were paid by the Union Defense Committee of New York City.
wn.com/Leopold_von_Gilsa -
Louise Barnett
Louise Barnett is the author of several books, including one on General Custer titled Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer (1996).
Barnett has a Ph.D. in English and American literature from Bryn Mawr College (1972) and has taught as a Professor of American Studies at Rutgers University since 1976.
Barnett's best-known book, Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer (Henry Holt, 1996), won the 1996 John M. Carroll award of the Little Big Horn Associates for best book on Custer related studies. The New York Times Book Review commented "There is much unusual and useful information about life on the plains, Indian warfare, the danger and fear of captivity by Indians, and especially, the relationship between Custer and his wife."
The book led to a number of television appearances by Barnett on the topic, including an A&E network Custer biography and the C-Span show 'Booknotes'. Touched by Fire was reissued in 2006 in softcover by the University of Nebraska Press.
wn.com/Louise_Barnett -
Lysander Cutler
Lysander Cutler (February 16, 1807 – July 30, 1866) was an American businessman, educator, politician, and a Union Army General during the American Civil War.
Cutler was born in Royalston, Massachusetts, the son of a farmer. Despite objections from his father, he desired a better education than the rudimentary courses he received in the local school, so he studied surveying and then began a career as a schoolmaster. Moving to Dexter, Maine, at the age of 21, he was forced to confront unruly pupils who had "flogged and ejected" the last several teachers who had attempted to discipline them. Cutler established his reputation by spending his first day in the "thorough flogging of every bully in the school."
Although he received some military experience fighting Indians as a colonel in the Maine militia in the 1830s, the majority of his time before the Civil War was engaged in a variety of business pursuits. He started a woolen mill, a foundry, a flour mill, and a sawmill, becoming very wealthy in the process. Cutler invested in various factories and in tenement housing. He was prominent in civic affairs as a selectman, director of a railroad, trustee of Tufts College, and a member of the Maine State Senate. Cutler's woolen mill, built in 1843, burned to the ground in 1853, causing him to lose his entire investment. The financial panic of 1856 and depression of 1857 ruined him financially and he decided to leave Maine and moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to restart his career.
wn.com/Lysander_Cutler -
Marcellus Jones
Marcellus Ephraim Jones (June 5, 1830 – October 9, 1900) is widely regarded as the soldier who fired the first shot at the Battle of Gettysburg (1863).
Jones was born in Poultney, Rutland County, Vermont, a son of Ephraim and Sophia (Page) Jones. In 1858, Jones moved to DuPage County Illinois. He lived in Danby (now Glen Ellyn), until the American Civil War when Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers.
Jones enlisted in Company E of the 8th Illinois Cavalry on August 5, 1861. He was commissioned a second lieutenant on December 5, 1862, first lieutenant July 4, 1864, and captain on October 10, 1864. All three commissions were signed by Illinois Governor Richard Yates.
On July 1, 1863 at Gettysburg, Jones commanded one of the regiment's vedette posts on the Chambersburg Pike, the road Lee's army used to march from Cashtown to Gettysburg. About 7:30 a.m., Jones noticed a cloud of dust on the road to the west, indicating that the Confederates were approaching. At that point, Jones borrowed Corporal Levi S. Shafer's carbine, aimed it with the assistance of a fence rail, and fired a shot at "an officer on a white or light gray horse." His was the first of approximately one million shots that would be fired at Gettysburg over the next three days.
wn.com/Marcellus_Jones -
Marcus Reno
Marcus Albert Reno (November 15, 1834 – March 30, 1889) was a career military officer in the American Civil War and in the Black Hills War against the Lakota (Sioux) and Northern Cheyenne. He is most noted for his role in the Battle of Little Big Horn, which created controversy over his reputation.
Reno was born November 15, 1834, in Carrollton, Illinois, the fourth child of James and Charlotte Reno. According to one biographer, he was a descendant of Phillippe Francois Renault, who in 1777 accompanied Lafayette to America and was awarded a land grant by the U. S. (worth about $400 million by Reno's time). At the age of 15, he wrote to the Secretary of War to learn about the qualifications necessary to enter the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He was admitted and attended West Point from 1851 until 1857, graduating 20th in a class of 38. He was brevetted second lieutenant, 1st Dragoons, on July 1, 1857, and assigned to duty in the Pacific Northwest in Oregon.
Reno served in the Union Army in the Civil War, leading as a captain in the U.S. 1st Cavalry Regiment at the Antietam. Reno was wounded at Kelly's Ford in Virginia on March 17, 1863, and was given the brevet rank of major for gallant and meritorious conduct. Four months later, he served during the Gettysburg Campaign. That same year, he married Mary Hannah Ross of Harrisburg, who would bear him one son, Robert Ross Reno. They owned a farm near New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, in Cumberland County. When she died in 1874, Reno was in the field in Montana. He rode all night to Fort Benton to request leave to attend her funeral, but his request was denied.
wn.com/Marcus_Reno -
Moses McClean
Moses McClean (June 17, 1804 – September 30, 1870) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Moses McClean was born on his father William McLean’s farm in Carroll’s Tract ( near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania). He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1825, and commenced practice in Gettysburg.
McClean was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress and supported the declaration of war against Mexico during the Mexican-American War. After his term expired, he resumed the practice of law in Gettysburg. He returned to politics briefly as a conservative member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1855, representing the Know Nothing political movement. He continued the practice of law until his death in Gettysburg in 1870. During the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, his brick home on Baltimore Street was struck by an errant Union artillery shell, but McClean and his family were unharmed.
wn.com/Moses_McClean -
Moxley Sorrel
Gilbert Moxley Sorrel ( /sɒˈrɛl/; February 23, 1838 – August 10, 1901) was a Confederate States Army officer and historian of the Confederacy.
Sorrel was born in Savannah, Georgia, the son of one of the wealthiest men in the city, Francis Sorrel. He was the brother-in-law of William W. Mackall, who was a Confederate general and chief of staff to Braxton Bragg.
In 1861, Moxley left his job as a Savannah bank clerk, taking part in the Confederate capture of Fort Pulaski as a private in the Georgia Hussars.
With letters of introduction from Colonel Jordan, from Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard's staff, and a friend of his father, he reported to Brig. Gen. James Longstreet at Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861, serving as a volunteer aide-de-camp. Longstreet wrote that his young aide "came into the battle as gaily as a beau, and seemed to receive orders which threw him into more exposed positions with particular delight."
On September 11, 1861, Sorrel received his commission as captain, and was assigned as General Longstreet's chief of staff. He was promoted to major on June 24, 1862, and lieutenant colonel on June 18, 1863. He served under Longstreet until October 1864 when he was appointed brigadier general. Sorrel then commanded Sorrel's Brigade of Maj. Gen. William Mahone's division at Petersburg and Hatcher's Run, being wounded in both battles.
wn.com/Moxley_Sorrel -
Myles Keogh
Myles Walter Keogh (March 25, 1840 – June 25, 1876) was an Irishman who fought in Italy during the 1860 Papal War before volunteering for the Union side in the American Civil War (1861 to 1865). During the war years, he was promoted from the rank of Captain to that of Major, finally being awarded the brevet rank of Lieutenant Colonel. After the Civil War ended, Keogh received a permanent commission as Captain of Company I, 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment commanded by George Armstrong Custer during the Indian Wars of the 1870s. Myles Keogh was killed with Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876.
Myles Keogh was born in Orchard House, Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland on 25 March 1840. The farming carried out at Keogh's home place in Leighlinbridge was arable, barley being the main crop. This meant that the Keogh family were largely unaffected by the hunger and poverty that accompanied the Irish Potato Famine and ravaged the country between 1845 and 1850 – Keogh's childhood days. However, two, or possibly three, of Keogh's siblings did die young, apparently from typhoid – a disease associated with the famine and an illness that Myles also suffered as a boy.
wn.com/Myles_Keogh -
Orland Smith
Orland Smith (May 2, 1825 – October 3, 1903) was a railroad executive and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1864, he led a spirited bayonet charge during the Battle of Wauhatchie that took a significant Confederate position on a hill that now bears his name.
Smith was born in New England in Lewiston, Maine. He was educated in the local schools and became a railroad agent, serving as station manager at Lewiston until 1852 when he moved to Ohio. He became an official of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad and settled in Chillicothe, Ohio. When the railroad fell into financial difficulties, he was appointed receiver. Smith was a lieutenant and commander of a militia company in the late 1850s, the "Chillicothe Greys."
With the outbreak of the Civil War, Smith joined the Union army and became the colonel of the 73rd Ohio Infantry, a regiment that was raised in Chillicothe in November 1861 and trained at nearby Camp Logan. Among his volunteer soldiers was Pvt. George Nixon III, the great-grandfather of future President Richard Nixon. Smith and his regiment saw action in western Virginia, fighting at the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Cross Keys. During the late summer, as a part of the Army of Virginia, the 73rd OVI fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia.
wn.com/Orland_Smith -
Paul Jones Semmes
Paul Jones Semmes (June 4, 1815 – July 10, 1863) was a banker, businessman, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War, mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Semmes was born at Montford's Plantation in Wilkes County, Georgia. He was a cousin of future Confederate naval hero, CSS Alabama Captain Raphael Semmes. His half-brother, Albert Gallatin Semmes, later became an Associate Justice of the Florida Supreme Court. Paul Semmes was educated at the Beman School in Hancock County. He attended the University of Virginia and became a banker and plantation owner in Columbus, Georgia. His business endeavors flourished and he became one of Columbus's most prominent citizens. From 1846 to 1861, he served as a captain in the Georgia militia. He was the author of the 1855 manual, Infantry Tactics. In 1860, Governor Joseph E. Brown appointed Semmes as quartermaster general for the state and authorized him to handle all military purchases.
After the start of the Civil War, Semmes was appointed colonel of the 2nd Georgia Infantry. He was promoted to brigadier general on March 11, 1862. During the Peninsula Campaign, he was a brigade commander in Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's Corps in the defense of Richmond. Rushed northward at the start of the Maryland Campaign, Semmes's brigade rejoined the Army of Northern Virginia in the division of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws just as it was entering Maryland. His men participated in the holding action at Crampton's Gap during the Battle of South Mountain. At Sharpsburg, Semmes's brigade was a key part of General McLaws's strong counterattack that stunned the Union II Corps. In early November, his brigade was reorganized so that it only contained Georgia regiments. Held in reserve at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Semmes's reconstituted brigade served well at Chancellorsville, where it blunted the advance of an entire V Corps division, and at Salem Church.
wn.com/Paul_Jones_Semmes -
Philip Sheridan
Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6, 1831 – August 5, 1888) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War. His career was noted for his rapid rise to major general and his close association with Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, who transferred Sheridan from command of an infantry division in the Western Theater to lead the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the East. In 1864, he defeated Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley and his destruction of the economic infrastructure of the Valley, called "The Burning" by residents, was one of the first uses of scorched earth tactics in the war. In 1865, his cavalry pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee and was instrumental in forcing his surrender at Appomattox.
Sheridan prosecuted the later years of the Indian Wars of the Great Plains. Both as a soldier and private citizen, he was instrumental in the development and protection of Yellowstone National Park. In 1883 Sheridan was appointed general-in-chief of the U.S. Army, and in 1888 he was promoted to the rank of General of the Army during the term of President Grover Cleveland.
wn.com/Philip_Sheridan -
Plains Indians
The Plains Indians are the Indigenous peoples who live on the plains and rolling hills of the Great Plains of North America. Their equestrian culture and resistance to domination by Canada and the United States have made the Plains Indians an archetype in literature and art for American Indians everywhere. Plains Indians are usually divided into two broad classifications which overlap to some degree. The first group were fully nomadic during the 16th to 19th centuries, following the vast herds of buffalo, although some tribes occasionally engaged in agriculture; growing tobacco and corn primarily. These include the Blackfoot, Arapaho, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Gros Ventre, Kiowa, Lakota, Lipan, Plains Apache (or Kiowa Apache), Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwe, Sarsi, Nakoda (Stoney), and Tonkawa.
The second group of Plains Indians includes the aboriginal peoples of the Great Plains, as well as the Prairie Indians who come from as far east the Mississippi River. These tribes were semi-sedentary, and, in addition to hunting buffalo, they lived in villages, raised crops, and actively traded with other tribes. These include the Arikara, Hidatsa, Iowa, Kaw (or Kansa), Kitsai, Mandan, Missouria, Omaha, Osage, Otoe, Pawnee, Ponca, Quapaw, Santee, Wichita, and Yankton Dakota.
wn.com/Plains_Indians -
Richard Enderlin
Richard Enderlin (January 11, 1843 – February 11, 1930) was a musician and United States Army soldier who received a Medal of Honor for the heroism he displayed when fighting in the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.
Enderlin was born in Germany and grew up in Chillicothe, Ohio. Enderlin thought his unit was not directly engaged, so the bugler voluntarily joined the defense of Cemetery Ridge. On July 2, during combat, George Nixon III (the great-grandfather of American President Richard Nixon) was wounded and was carried out of harm's way by Enderlin — for which Enderlin received the Medal of Honor on September 11, 1897.
Enderlin is buried at Grandview Cemetery, Chillicothe, Ross County, Ohio, USA.
Rank and organization: Musician, Company B, 73d Ohio Infantry. Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1-July 3, 1863. Entered service at: Chillicothe, Ohio. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: September 11, 1897.
Citation:
Voluntarily took a rifle and served as a soldier in the ranks during the first and second days of the battle. Voluntarily and at his own imminent peril went into the enemy's lines at night and, under a sharp fire, rescued a wounded comrade.
wn.com/Richard_Enderlin -
Robert Murphy Mayo
Robert Murphy Mayo (April 28, 1836 – March 29, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.
Born in Hague, Virginia, Mayo attended private schools and William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia. He was graduated from Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia in 1858. He served as an instructor in mathematics at Mount Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing (now Ossining), New York, and later at Virginia Military Institute. He studied law at Lexington Law School in 1858 and 1859.
Mayo served throughout the Civil War in the Confederate States Army, first as major and later as colonel of the 47th Regiment of Virginia.
He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hague, VA, in 1865. He then served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1881, 1882, and 1885–1888.
Mayo was presented credentials as a Readjuster Member-elect to the Forty-eighth United States Congress and served from March 4, 1883, to March 20, 1884, when he was succeeded by George T. Garrison, who contested the election. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection. He resumed the practice of law upon returning to Virginia. He died in Hague, Virginia on March 29, 1896 and was interred in Yeocomico Cemetery, Tucker Hill, Virginia.
wn.com/Robert_Murphy_Mayo -
Roy Stone
Roy Stone (October 16, 1836 – August 5, 1905) was a Union Army general during the American Civil War. He is most noted for his stubborn defense of the McPherson Farm during the Battle of Gettysburg.
Stone was born in Plattsburg, New York, to Ithiel V. and Sarah Stone. His family had been among the early settlers of the region, and his father owned a large estate. As a young man, he was an engineer and lumberman before the Civil War. Stone married Mary Elizabeth Marker at the First Presbyterian Church in Pittsburgh on August 14, 1862. They would have two children, a son, Richmond and a daughter, Margaret.
Stone first served as major of the 13th Pennsylvania Reserves, a regiment that saw action at several early war battles, including Antietam. Stone returned to Pennsylvania to help recruit new regiments; he was commissioned as colonel of the newly raised 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in 1863. He commanded a brigade in the third division of I Corps of the Army of the Potomac in the Battle of Chancellorsville but did not see serious combat. During the Gettysburg Campaign, Stone retained command of his three Pennsylvania regiments. On July 1, 1863, on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, his brigade, largely composed of green troops, was posted on McPherson's Ridge south of the Chambersburg Pike. Although the brigade had not seen previous combat, it was instrumental in holding back several assaults by the Confederates. Stone moved his regiments to block attacks by Col John Brockenborough and BG Junius Daniel. His troops held until the Iron Brigade and other Federal units fell back. Stone's men were the among last to withdraw from their sector. Stone was severely wounded in the hip and arm in the fighting, and he returned home to recuperate.
wn.com/Roy_Stone -
Rufus Ingalls
Rufus Ingalls (August 23, 1818 – January 15, 1893) was an American military general who served as the 16th Quartermaster General of the United States Army.
Ingalls was born in the village of Denmark in what is now Maine (at the time, it was a part of Massachusetts). His father Cyrus was a prominent local mill owner and politician who was among those at the Maine constitutional convention in 1819. Through his father's political connections, Rufus Ingalls was appointed to the United States Military Academy, graduating in the Class of 1843, which included his friend Ulysses S. Grant. Ingalls was brevetted as a Second Lieutenant and assigned to garrison duty in the western frontier.
In 1845, he joined the First U.S. Dragoons with the rank of first lieutenant. Ingalls served in the Mexican-American War in the New Mexico Territory in the Army of the West under Col. Stephen W. Kearny. Ingalls distinguished himself in action at the skirmish at Eabudo and conflict at Pueblo de Taos, for which he received the brevet rank of first lieutenant. He later served in California under Kearny. He became a quartermaster in 1848 and served in that role the rest of his career.
wn.com/Rufus_Ingalls -
Régis de Trobriand
Philippe Régis Denis de Keredern de Trobriand (June 4, 1816 – July 15, 1897) was a French aristocrat, lawyer, poet, and novelist who emigrated at a young age to the United States. During the American Civil War he was a general in the Union Army.
Trobriand was born at Chateau des Rochettes, near Tours, France, the son of a baron who had been a general in Napoleon Bonaparte's army. In his youth he studied law and wrote poetry and prose, publishing his first novel in 1840. He was an expert swordsman who fought a number of duels. In 1841, to answer a dare, he emigrated to the United States at the age of 25 and immediately became popular as a bon vivant with the social elite of New York City. He married an heiress named Mary Jones, and although the wedding was in Paris and they lived in Venice for a time, socializing with the local nobility, they returned to the United States and took up permanent residence in New York. In the 1850s he earned a living writing and editing for French language publications. He was the publisher of Revue du Nouveau Monde and the editor of Le Courrier des Etats-Unis.
wn.com/Régis_de_Trobriand -
Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake in Standard Lakota Orthography, also nicknamed Slon-he or "Slow"; c. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. Born near the Grand River in Dakota Territory, he was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement.
He had a premonition of defeating the cavalry, which motivated his Native American people to a major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cavalry on June 25, 1876. Months after the battle, Sitting Bull and his group left the United States to Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan, where he remained until 1881, at which time he surrendered to U.S. forces. A small remnant of his band under Chief Waŋblí Ǧí decided to stay at Wood Mountain. After his return to the United States, he briefly toured as a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, earning $50 a week.
wn.com/Sitting_Bull -
Solomon Meredith
Solomon Meredith (May 29, 1810 – October 2, 1875) was a prominent Indiana farmer, politician, and lawman who was a controversial Union Army general in the American Civil War. He gained fame as one of the commanders of the Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac, leading the brigade in the Battle of Gettysburg.
Solomon Meredith was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, to David and Mary Farrington Meredith. The Merediths were Quaker and educated young Solomon at home. Meredith's grandfather, James Meredith, fought at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse during the American Revolutionary War. In 1829, Solomon traveled to Wayne County, Indiana, where he found work chopping wood and working on a farm. He later clerked in a general store in Centerville.
In 1834, he became the Sheriff of Wayne County, serving for two years. He was subsequently elected to the Indiana House of Representatives for four terms. In the mid-1850s, he was the U.S. Marshal for Indiana. He owned a sprawling farm, "Oakland," near Cambridge City. He was nicknamed "Long Sol" for his towering 6' 7" body.
wn.com/Solomon_Meredith -
Strong Vincent
Strong Vincent (June 17, 1837 – July 7, 1863) was a lawyer who became famous as a U.S. Army officer during the fighting on Little Round Top at the American Civil War Battle of Gettysburg, where he was mortally wounded.
Vincent was born in Waterford, Pennsylvania, son of iron foundryman B. B. Vincent and Sarah Ann Strong Vincent. He attended Trinity College and Harvard University, graduating in 1859. He practiced law in Erie, Pennsylvania.
At the start of the Civil War, Vincent joined the Pennsylvania Militia as an adjutant and first lieutenant of the Erie Regiment. On September 14, 1861, he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 83rd Pennsylvania Infantry and was promoted to colonel the following June. After the death of his regimental commander in the Seven Days Battles (at the Battle of Gaines's Mill), Vincent assumed command of the regiment. He developed malaria on the Virginia Peninsula and was on medical leave until the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862. On May 20, 1863, he assumed command of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, replacing his brigade commander, who was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
wn.com/Strong_Vincent -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (
/ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Thomas Algeo Rowley
Thomas Algeo Rowley (October 5, 1808 – May 14, 1892) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Rowley was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He served as a captain in the Mexican-American War, mustered in on October 8, 1847, and mustered out on July 18, 1848. Otherwise, he worked as a cabinet maker.
Rowley served as colonel of the 13th Pennsylvania Regiment from April 25, 1861, to August 6 of the same year. He then became colonel of the 102nd Pennsylvania Regiment. He was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines, while leading his regiment in the Army of the Potomac. He (briefly) led a brigade in VI Corps at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Promoted to the rank of brigadier general to rank from November 29, 1862, Rowley next commanded a brigade of I Corps at the Battle of Chancellorsville. He was acting commander of 3rd Division, I Corps at the beginning of the Battle of Gettysburg, while Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday was acting corps commander. (Chapman Biddle led Rowley's brigade.) On July 1, 1863, the brigade suffered heavy casualties confronting Confederates from Maj. Gen. Harry Heth's division. He was thrown from his horse during the retreat. Following a confrontation between Rowley and Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler, Doubleday had the former removed for drunkenness and disobeying orders. Rowley was convicted by a court martial, although some officers testified on his behalf. Although reinstated by order of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, Rowley was assigned only a district command in western Pennsylvania, his home region. Not being given a field command, he resigned his commission on December 29, 1864.
wn.com/Thomas_Algeo_Rowley -
Thomas Chamberlain
Thomas Davee Chamberlain (April 29, 1841 – August 12, 1896) was an officer in the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, the brother of Union general Joshua L. Chamberlain, the commanding officer of the 20th Maine Infantry.
Thomas D. Chamberlain was born in Brewer, Maine, the youngest of five children. Young Tom grew up on the family farm in Brewer with his four older siblings: Joshua Lawrence (born in 1828), Horace Beriah (1834), Sarah Brastow (1836) and John Calhoun (1838). Their upbringing seems to have been strict and religious but also loving. Thomas was a mischievous and likable boy - his brother called him a "little rogue" - and, as the baby of the family, he was his mother's favorite. Thomas was the only son not to attend college. Whether this was due to lack of intelligence, application or inclination, is unknown. By his mid-teens Thomas was working as a clerk in a grocery store in Bangor.
Chamberlain's great-grandfathers were soldiers in the American Revolutionary War and his grandfather had served during the War of 1812. His father also had served during the abortive Aroostook War of 1839. His brother Joshua was also in the army.
wn.com/Thomas_Chamberlain -
Thomas Custer
Thomas Ward Custer (March 15, 1845 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and two-time recipient of the Medal of Honor for bravery during the American Civil War. He was a younger brother of George Armstrong Custer, perishing with him at Little Bighorn in the Montana Territory.
He was born in New Rumley, Ohio, the third son of Emanuel and Maria Custer. He enlisted in the Union Army, in September 1861, at age 16, and served in the early campaigns of the Civil War as a private in the 21st Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He saw action at numerous battles, including Stones River, Missionary Ridge and the Atlanta Campaign. He mustered out in October 1864 as a corporal. Commissioned a second lieutenant in Company B of the 6th Michigan Cavalry, he became his brother's aide-de-camp and accompanied him throughout the last year of the war.
Tom Custer distinguished himself by winning successively the brevets of captain, major, and lieutenant colonel, although he was barely 20 years of age when the Civil War ended. He was awarded two Medals of Honor. He was the first soldier to receive the dual honor, one of only four soldiers or sailors to receive the dual honor during the Civil War, and one of just 19 in history.
wn.com/Thomas_Custer -
Thomas Devin
Thomas Casimer Devin (December 10, 1822 – April 4, 1878) was an United States Army officer and general. He commanded Union cavalry during the American Civil War and during the Indian Wars.
Born in New York City to Irish parents, Devin came from a martial family with ancestors who fought in the American Revolutionary War and French and Indian War. Devin was a house painter and partner in a paint and varnish company with his brother John for much of his early life, while also serving as a lieutenant colonel in the New York State Militia.
After the start of the Civil War, Devin formed his militia cavalry company into "Captain Devin's Independent Company" and served as its captain. Late that year, he became Colonel of the 6th New York Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "2nd Ira Harris Guards", which he would lead for the next year.
The regiment's first important service was in the Maryland Campaign of 1862. At the Battle of Antietam, one of its squadrons was involved in the first attacks of the day. At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Devin inherited command of David McMurtrie Gregg's cavalry brigade, when the latter took charge of the brigade of George Dashiell Bayard, who had been killed by Confederate artillery fire. At the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, his small brigade was the only cavalry not detached for Brig. Gen. George Stoneman's raid and he successfully led three Union Corps on the stealthy flanking march that preceded the battle. The men of the brigade repeatedly distinguished themselves in the heavy fighting of the battle. They suffered almost 200 casualties in the battle, higher losses than Union cavalry units had seen prior to that time. Devin also led his brigade in the Battle of Brandy Station (June 9, 1863), and took command of Brig. Gen. John Buford's division while Buford commanded the entire right wing of the two-pronged attack on Confederate cavalry. While observing the skirmish line early in the fighting, Devin had his horse shot out from under him.
wn.com/Thomas_Devin -
Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 – April 11, 1902) was a Confederate cavalry leader during the American Civil War and afterward a politician from South Carolina, serving as its 77th Governor and as a U.S. Senator.
Hampton was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the eldest son of Wade Hampton II (1791–1858), known as "Colonel Wade Hampton", one of the wealthiest planters in the South (and the owner of the largest number of slaves), an officer of dragoons in the War of 1812, and an aide to General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. He was grandson of Wade Hampton (1754–1835), lieutenant colonel of cavalry in the American War of Independence, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and brigadier general in the War of 1812. His uncle, James Henry Hammond, was a member of both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as well as a Governor of South Carolina.
Hampton grew up in a wealthy family, receiving private instruction. He had an active outdoor life, riding horses and hunting, especially at his father's North Carolina summer retreat, High Hampton. He was known for taking hunting trips alone into the woods, hunting American black bears with only a knife. Some accounts credit him with killing as many as 80 bears. In 1836 he graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina), and was trained for the law, although he never practiced. He devoted himself, instead, to the management of his great plantations in South Carolina and Mississippi, and took part in state politics. He was elected to the South Carolina General Assembly in 1852 and served as a Senator from 1858 to 1861. Hampton's father died in 1858 and the son inherited a vast fortune, the plantations, and one of the largest collections of slaves in the South.
wn.com/Wade_Hampton_III -
Wesley Merritt
Wesley Merritt (June 16, 1836 – December 3, 1910) was a general in the United States Army during the American Civil War and the Spanish-American War. He is noted for distinguished service in the cavalry.
Merritt was born in New York City. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1860 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Dragoons (heavy cavalry), serving initially in Utah under John Buford. He became the adjutant for the unit when it was renamed the 2nd U.S. Cavalry.
In 1862, Merritt was appointed captain in the 2nd Cavalry and served as an aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen. Philip St. George Cooke, who commanded the Cavalry Department of the Army of the Potomac. He served in the defenses of Washington, D.C., for the rest of 1862. In 1863, he was appointed adjutant for Maj. Gen. George Stoneman and participated in Stoneman's Raid in the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.
In the Gettysburg Campaign, Merritt commanded the Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He was slightly wounded in the Battle of Brandy Station; soon after (June 29, 1863), he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers for his "gallant and meritorious service" at Brandy Station and Upperville. Being promoted directly from captain to brigadier general was an unusual step, even for the Civil War, but Merritt shared this honor on that date with Captain Elon J. Farnsworth and Captain George Armstrong Custer.
wn.com/Wesley_Merritt -
White Bull
White Bull (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Ská) (April 1849 – June 21, 1947) was the nephew of Sitting Bull, and a famous warrior in his own right. White Bull participated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876. For years it was said White Bull boasted of killing Lt. George Armstrong Custer at the famous battle. Other sources[who?] say White Bull himself never made that claim but admitted to struggling with Custer.
Born in the Black Hills in South Dakota, White Bull came from a prominent Sioux family. He was the son of Makes Room, a Miniconjou chief and the brother of One Bull. White Bull's uncle was the famous Hunkpapa Sioux leader Sitting Bull, whom he joined in fleeing to Canada after the Little Bighorn battle. Young Chief Solomon "Smoke" and Chief No Neck (these two chiefs were the sons of the old Chief Smoke 1774–1864), who fled with White Bull and Sitting Bull and their bands to Canada.
White Bull surrendered to government troops in 1876. He eventually became a chief, replacing his father Chief Makes Room upon his death. He acted as a judge of the Court of Indian Offenses, and was a proponent of Lakota land claims in the Black Hills. White Bull and Wendell Smoke (Wendell was the son of Chief Solomon "Smoke") took over as the main headmen of Bald people and Short Bald people bands of the Bad Faces after Chief Solomon "Smoke" had died in 1895 at the Pine Ridge Agency in South Dakota. Chief White Bull died in South Dakota in 1947.
wn.com/White_Bull -
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata -
William Barksdale
William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was a lawyer, newspaper editor, U.S. Congressman, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg while leading his brigade's attack on Union forces not far from Cemetery Ridge.
William Barksdale was born in Smyrna, Tennessee, the son of William Barksdale and Nancy Hervey Lester Barskdale. He was the older brother of Ethelbert Barksdale, who would serve in both the antebellum U.S. Congress and then the Confederate States Congress during the Civil War.
Barksdale graduated from the University of Nashville and practiced law in Mississippi from the age of 21, but gave up his practice to become the editor of the Columbus [Mississippi] Democrat, a pro-slavery newspaper. He enlisted in the 2nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment and served in the Mexican War as a captain and quartermaster, but often participated in the infantry fighting as well.
After the war, he entered the U.S. House of Representatives and achieved national prominence as a States' rights Democrat, serving from March 4, 1853, to January 12, 1861. He was considered to be one of the most ferocious of all the "Fire-Eaters" in the House. He allegedly stood by the side of Representative Preston S. Brooks as Brooks attacked Massachusetts abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner in the Senate chamber with a cane, although he was not one of the members that the House tried to censure after the incident.
wn.com/William_Barksdale -
William Corby
Rev. William Corby, CSC (October 2, 1833 – December 28, 1897) was an American priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, and a Union Army chaplain attatched to the Irish Brigade. Corby is perhaps best known for his giving general absolution to the Irish Brigade on the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, which was dramatized in the film Gettysburg. Fr. Corby also served twice as President of the University of Notre Dame. The school's Corby Hall is named for him, and a statue of him similar to that at Gettysburg stands outside this building on the Notre Dame campus.
Fr. Corby was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Daniel Corby, an Irish native, and his wife Elizabeth, a Canadian.
Widely remembered among military chaplains and celebrated by Irish-American fraternal organizations, his statue with right hand raised in the gesture of blessing was the first statue of a non-general erected on the Gettysburg Battlefield.
wn.com/William_Corby -
William Harrow
William Harrow (November 14, 1822 – September 27, 1872) was an Indiana lawyer and a controversial Union general in the American Civil War.
Harrow was born in Winchester, Kentucky, and was educated in the common schools. He studied law and passed his bar exam in Lawrenceville, Illinois, where he established a practice. As an attorney on the Eighth Judicial Circuit, he was a frequent associate of Abraham Lincoln for several years before moving to Vincennes, Indiana. In the late 1850s, Harrow moved again, relocating his practice to Mount Vernon, Indiana.
Harrow married Juliette James, of a pioneer family of Mount Vernon. Her father, Enoch R. James, owned the only private bank in Posey County, Indiana, for a number of years and was one of the wealthiest men in that county. The Harrows had a daughter, Esther.
Harrow's law practice prospered and he became influential in his community. He was selected as the captain of a local militia company known as the "Knox County Invincibles," a social group that was mostly ceremonial.
wn.com/William_Harrow -
William Mahone
William Mahone (December 1, 1826 – October 8, 1895) was a civil engineer, teacher, soldier, railroad executive, and a member of the Virginia General Assembly and U.S. Congress. Small of stature, he was nicknamed "Little Billy".
Educated at Virginia Military Institute, Mahone helped build Virginia's roads and railroads in the antebellum period. In 1855, he married the former Otelia Voinard Butler of Smithfield. Local tradition notes that they were each colorful characters. Based upon Ivanhoe, a novel she had been reading, the naming of several railroad towns in Southside Virginia is credited to Otelia and "Little Billy". The name of Disputanta was allegedly created after the couple had a "dispute" over an appropriate name.
During the American Civil War, as a leader eventually attaining the rank of major general of the Confederate States Army, Mahone is best known for turning the tide of the Battle of the Crater against the Union advance during the Siege of Petersburg in 1864. His wife served as a nurse in Richmond. Although the Mahone family had owned several slaves before the war, biographer Nelson Blake has noted that during the War and after, Mahone accorded the African Americans under his leadership and generally with considerably more respect than many of his peers. Still, many African American leaders complained that Mahone was relegating them to the lower rung political positions, and he was affected by public sentiments against African Americans. To elevate them could diminish his white support and needed both public and white support.
wn.com/William_Mahone -
William McCandless
William McCandless (September 29, 1834 – June 17, 1884) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, commanding a regiment and then a brigade in the Pennsylvania Reserve Division.
McCandless, nicknamed "Buck," was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 29, 1834. McCandless enlisted in the 2nd Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserves, as a private; but he was promoted to the rank of major in June 1861. He became the regiment's colonel in August 1862. The 2nd Reserves served in the Seven Days Battles in the Army of the Potomac and alter at the Second Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Antietam. McCandless was wounded at Second Bull Run and missed Antietam. (Captain James N. Byrnes commanded in his absence.)
When William Sinclair was wounded in the Battle of Fredericksburg, McCandless succeeded him in command of the 1st Brigade of the Reserves under George Gordon Meade. The division was, at that time, 3rd Division, I Corps. It had penetrated the Confederate right flank along the line of A. P. Hill’s Light Division. After Fredericksburg, the division was transferred to the defenses of Washington, D. C. to recuperate from its losses on active duty.
wn.com/William_McCandless -
Winfield Scott
Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.
Known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and the "Grand Old Man of the Army," he served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history, and many historians rate him the best American commander of his time. Over the course of his forty-seven-year career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and, briefly, the American Civil War, conceiving the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would be used to defeat the Confederacy. He served as Commanding General of the United States Army for twenty years, longer than any other holder of the office.
A national hero after the Mexican-American War, he served as military governor of Mexico City. Such was his stature that, in 1852, the United States Whig Party passed over its own incumbent President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, to nominate Scott in the United States presidential election. Scott lost to Democrat Franklin Pierce in the general election, but remained a popular national figure, receiving a brevet promotion in 1856 to the rank of lieutenant general, becoming the first American since George Washington to hold that rank.
wn.com/Winfield_Scott -
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/World_War_I
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
George Armstrong Custer Photo Gallery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - also posted here. These photos of this amazing man tell a wealth of stories alone even if you know very little about him, and if so, hopefully you will be inspired to learn from the many great books and web sites on him and his last stand.
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_Photo_Gallery
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - also posted here. These photos of this amazing man tell a wealth of stories alone even if you know very little about him, and if so, hopefully you will be inspired to learn from the many great books and web sites on him and his last stand.
George Armstrong Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer in TV and movies. The music used is Jack Gladstone's Valley of the Little Bighorn. I think he is a beautiful songwriter :) Hope ya'll like ^^ I don't own anything etc...
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer in TV and movies. The music used is Jack Gladstone's Valley of the Little Bighorn. I think he is a beautiful songwriter :) Hope ya'll like ^^ I don't own anything etc...
- published: 28 Feb 2010
- views: 40250
- author: earthday100
general george armstrong custer tribute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
general george armstrong custer tribute
http://wn.com/general_george_armstrong_custer_tribute
Empire Total War George A. Custer - A tribute to Bravery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Benteen ; Reno : You Stood me Up !!!
http://wn.com/Empire_Total_War_George_A_Custer_A_tribute_to_Bravery
Nicolas Coster in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 01 May 2012
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
http://wn.com/Nicolas_Coster_in_The_Court-Martial_of_George_Armstrong_Custer_1977
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 339
- author: alenkaSB
George Armstrong Custer speaks out about the nefarious deeds of the New world Order.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in the days after the Civil War. Right before Custer died he pissed off congress and the elite of the day and was sacrificed because of it. This is just ONE piece of early research I am doing on the Illuminati sacrifice of George Armstrong Custer and everyone else who died that day on all sides. I am currently working on a short documentary on the subject which will debut here on You Tube soon! This clip is from the movie called Custer of the West, look it up! I dont own this video and imply any such ownership of this video and have uploaded it for educational purposes only!
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_speaks_out_about_the_nefarious_deeds_of_the_New_world_Order
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in the days after the Civil War. Right before Custer died he pissed off congress and the elite of the day and was sacrificed because of it. This is just ONE piece of early research I am doing on the Illuminati sacrifice of George Armstrong Custer and everyone else who died that day on all sides. I am currently working on a short documentary on the subject which will debut here on You Tube soon! This clip is from the movie called Custer of the West, look it up! I dont own this video and imply any such ownership of this video and have uploaded it for educational purposes only!
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 721
- author: kimpunkrock
General George Armstrong Custer's Last Stand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
www.custerwest.org
http://wn.com/General_George_Armstrong_Custer's_Last_Stand
The History of George A. Custer 1839-1876
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 30 May 2012
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer
http://wn.com/The_History_of_George_A_Custer_1839-1876
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer
- published: 25 Nov 2009
- views: 1133
- author: MrDBZfan22
GENERAL CUSTER - THE STORY OF YELLOWHAIR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboyant and dashing commander. It is said that 'cometh the hour, cometh the man' and Custer's appearance on the battlefields of American in the mid-1800s fits this perfectly. A failure at West Point, he made his name fighting the Federal Cavalry during the American Civil War where he earned his nickname 'the boy general'. The dashing and ambitious Custer often flouted military convention, placing his trust instead in his famous 'luck' which, unfortunately for him, ran out during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This programme features spectacular battle reconstructions, period imagery and 'interviews' with the man himself. Narrated by Bob Sessions Available to buy from: www.amazon.co.uk
http://wn.com/GENERAL_CUSTER_THE_STORY_OF_YELLOWHAIR
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboyant and dashing commander. It is said that 'cometh the hour, cometh the man' and Custer's appearance on the battlefields of American in the mid-1800s fits this perfectly. A failure at West Point, he made his name fighting the Federal Cavalry during the American Civil War where he earned his nickname 'the boy general'. The dashing and ambitious Custer often flouted military convention, placing his trust instead in his famous 'luck' which, unfortunately for him, ran out during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This programme features spectacular battle reconstructions, period imagery and 'interviews' with the man himself. Narrated by Bob Sessions Available to buy from: www.amazon.co.uk
- published: 29 Oct 2010
- views: 10155
- author: PegEntLtd
MovieGeneral George Armstrong Custer.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:44
- Updated: 06 Sep 2011
my work
http://wn.com/MovieGeneral_George_Armstrong_Custerwmv
General Custer Night at the Museum 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:14
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and Sacajawea
http://wn.com/General_Custer_Night_at_the_Museum_2
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and Sacajawea
- published: 23 Jun 2009
- views: 64037
- author: crazylegs888
George Armstrong Custer and Native Americans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:10
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second Channel: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_and_Native_Americans
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second Channel: www.youtube.com
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 751
- author: ForeverAlonePrick
Drawing General George Armstrong Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:34
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, and so I decided to make a video of me drawing on of my favorite officers from the Civil War; Brevet Major General George A. Custer. This is NOT a how-to-draw video. This is simply me doing a drawing, and if you like what you see and maybe would like some tips on how to draw, I'll try to answer as best as I can. The music in this video is all from the Civil War Series by Ken Burns. Hope you all enjoy.
http://wn.com/Drawing_General_George_Armstrong_Custer
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, and so I decided to make a video of me drawing on of my favorite officers from the Civil War; Brevet Major General George A. Custer. This is NOT a how-to-draw video. This is simply me doing a drawing, and if you like what you see and maybe would like some tips on how to draw, I'll try to answer as best as I can. The music in this video is all from the Civil War Series by Ken Burns. Hope you all enjoy.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 921
- author: m611martin
Meeting With American Indians Is Wrong, Says RNC Leader
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
"General George Armstrong Custer died in 1876, but that doesn't mean we should forget his legacy of slaughtering indigenous peoples. That's why Republican National Committee leader and GOP lobbyist Pat Rogers has condemned New Mexico governor Susana Martinez for meeting with American Indians...".* The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur shares his thoughts. *Read more here from Louis Peitzman in Gawker: gawker.com Support The Young Turks by Subscribing bit.ly Like Us on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow Us on Twitter: bit.ly Buy TYT Merch: theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com
http://wn.com/Meeting_With_American_Indians_Is_Wrong,_Says_RNC_Leader
"General George Armstrong Custer died in 1876, but that doesn't mean we should forget his legacy of slaughtering indigenous peoples. That's why Republican National Committee leader and GOP lobbyist Pat Rogers has condemned New Mexico governor Susana Martinez for meeting with American Indians...".* The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur shares his thoughts. *Read more here from Louis Peitzman in Gawker: gawker.com Support The Young Turks by Subscribing bit.ly Like Us on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow Us on Twitter: bit.ly Buy TYT Merch: theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com
- published: 01 Sep 2012
- views: 52020
- author: TheYoungTurks
Custer Of The West (1967) Robert Shaw, Mary Ure and Ty Hardin FULL MOVIE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 141:20
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
George Armstrong Custer's love of the heroic traditions of the Calvary and his distaste with the coming of industrialization leads him to his destiny at the Little Big Horn. www.imdb.com
http://wn.com/Custer_Of_The_West_1967_Robert_Shaw,_Mary_Ure_and_Ty_Hardin_FULL_MOVIE
George Armstrong Custer's love of the heroic traditions of the Calvary and his distaste with the coming of industrialization leads him to his destiny at the Little Big Horn. www.imdb.com
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 235
- author: CharlieChaplinMovie
General George Armstrong Custer : an American Legend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
www.custerwest.org
http://wn.com/General_George_Armstrong_Custer_an_American_Legend
THE COURT-MARTIAL OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 1977 - Ken Howard, Brian Keith, James Olson as Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - mentioned in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide & VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
http://wn.com/THE_COURT-MARTIAL_OF_GEORGE_ARMSTRONG_CUSTER_1977_Ken_Howard,_Brian_Keith,_James_Olson_as_Custer
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - mentioned in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide & VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
- published: 29 Mar 2012
- views: 832
- author: filmnoir2012
03) Saved by George Armstrong Custer - The Art Gallery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Night At the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian Soundtrack I just organized it the way it's setup in the movie. I take no credit at all for this.
http://wn.com/03_Saved_by_George_Armstrong_Custer_The_Art_Gallery
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Night At the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian Soundtrack I just organized it the way it's setup in the movie. I take no credit at all for this.
- published: 13 Nov 2010
- views: 3402
- author: LisaSimpsonLover
Who Will Care for Mother Now? * Civil War Song * Gen. George A. Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks at which he played the pump organ to entertain the other officers. In this letter he lists a number of songs that he played, including "Who Will Care for Mother Now?". Here the song is presented with photos of George Custer and Civil War battle scenes. Albert Garzon playing piano. Snippet of the letter from Custer to Libby from Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The date in the biography says Feb. 9, 1873 - which doesn't seem correct to me - I think this letter was written in 1871.. (any clarification from Custer buffs appreciated to correctly date the letter). "I have been rambling through the house. I have gone through my extensive and classical repertory on the organ, from "Oh, Who Will Care For Mother Now?" to "Put me in my Little Bed," also beautiful and expressive lines announcing that Annie Yates has a baby. After an intermission to allow applause to quiet down, and consuming nearly a peck of apples, I have responded to encore, and gone through my list with variations, till even the wheezing old organ cried "Let us have Peace!"
http://wn.com/Who_Will_Care_for_Mother_Now?_*_Civil_War_Song_*_Gen_George_A_Custer
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks at which he played the pump organ to entertain the other officers. In this letter he lists a number of songs that he played, including "Who Will Care for Mother Now?". Here the song is presented with photos of George Custer and Civil War battle scenes. Albert Garzon playing piano. Snippet of the letter from Custer to Libby from Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The date in the biography says Feb. 9, 1873 - which doesn't seem correct to me - I think this letter was written in 1871.. (any clarification from Custer buffs appreciated to correctly date the letter). "I have been rambling through the house. I have gone through my extensive and classical repertory on the organ, from "Oh, Who Will Care For Mother Now?" to "Put me in my Little Bed," also beautiful and expressive lines announcing that Annie Yates has a baby. After an intermission to allow applause to quiet down, and consuming nearly a peck of apples, I have responded to encore, and gone through my list with variations, till even the wheezing old organ cried "Let us have Peace!"
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 1078
- author: garzonalbert
Please; Mr Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
A goofy song written about: George Armstrong Custer, and the then Generals fateful decision to drag his7th Cavalry in to fight the savage Indians of the western frontier
http://wn.com/Please;_Mr_Custer
A goofy song written about: George Armstrong Custer, and the then Generals fateful decision to drag his7th Cavalry in to fight the savage Indians of the western frontier
- published: 02 Nov 2009
- views: 346233
- author: gypsytwo
Puting color to "CUSTER"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 15 Jun 2012
General George Armstrong Custer, was made famous, the day he and his fellow soldiers were killed in a raid on a very large Sioux and Cheyenne village on the Little Big Horn River, in south eastern Montana on June 26th 1876
http://wn.com/Puting_color_to_CUSTER
General George Armstrong Custer, was made famous, the day he and his fellow soldiers were killed in a raid on a very large Sioux and Cheyenne village on the Little Big Horn River, in south eastern Montana on June 26th 1876
- published: 31 Dec 2008
- views: 1573
- author: David Lemon
Monroe Michigan: Hometown of General George Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Monroe Michigan bills itself as the hometown of General George Armstrong Custer. Heres are some of the sites associated with the Custer, Reed, and Bacon familys.
http://wn.com/Monroe_Michigan_Hometown_of_General_George_Custer
Monroe Michigan bills itself as the hometown of General George Armstrong Custer. Heres are some of the sites associated with the Custer, Reed, and Bacon familys.
- published: 13 Jun 2010
- views: 2754
- author: 7thCuster
George A Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
george armstrong custer
http://wn.com/George_A_Custer
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
George Armstrong Custer Photo Gallery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - also posted here. These photos of this amazing man tell a wealth of stories alone even if you know very little about him, and if so, hopefully you will be inspired to learn from the many great books and web sites on him and his last stand.
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_Photo_Gallery
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - also posted here. These photos of this amazing man tell a wealth of stories alone even if you know very little about him, and if so, hopefully you will be inspired to learn from the many great books and web sites on him and his last stand.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 1118
- author: John Boda
George Armstrong Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer in TV and movies. The music used is Jack Gladstone's Valley of the Little Bighorn. I think he is a beautiful songwriter :) Hope ya'll like ^^ I don't own anything etc...
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer in TV and movies. The music used is Jack Gladstone's Valley of the Little Bighorn. I think he is a beautiful songwriter :) Hope ya'll like ^^ I don't own anything etc...
- published: 28 Feb 2010
- views: 40178
- author: earthday100
general george armstrong custer tribute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
general george armstrong custer tribute
http://wn.com/general_george_armstrong_custer_tribute
Empire Total War George A. Custer - A tribute to Bravery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Benteen ; Reno : You Stood me Up !!!
http://wn.com/Empire_Total_War_George_A_Custer_A_tribute_to_Bravery
Nicolas Coster in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 01 May 2012
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
http://wn.com/Nicolas_Coster_in_The_Court-Martial_of_George_Armstrong_Custer_1977
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 325
- author: alenkaSB
George Armstrong Custer speaks out about the nefarious deeds of the New world Order.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in the days after the Civil War. Right before Custer died he pissed off congress and the elite of the day and was sacrificed because of it. This is just ONE piece of early research I am doing on the Illuminati sacrifice of George Armstrong Custer and everyone else who died that day on all sides. I am currently working on a short documentary on the subject which will debut here on You Tube soon! This clip is from the movie called Custer of the West, look it up! I dont own this video and imply any such ownership of this video and have uploaded it for educational purposes only!
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_speaks_out_about_the_nefarious_deeds_of_the_New_world_Order
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in the days after the Civil War. Right before Custer died he pissed off congress and the elite of the day and was sacrificed because of it. This is just ONE piece of early research I am doing on the Illuminati sacrifice of George Armstrong Custer and everyone else who died that day on all sides. I am currently working on a short documentary on the subject which will debut here on You Tube soon! This clip is from the movie called Custer of the West, look it up! I dont own this video and imply any such ownership of this video and have uploaded it for educational purposes only!
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 710
- author: kimpunkrock
General George Armstrong Custer's Last Stand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
www.custerwest.org
http://wn.com/General_George_Armstrong_Custer's_Last_Stand
The History of George A. Custer 1839-1876
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 30 May 2012
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer
http://wn.com/The_History_of_George_A_Custer_1839-1876
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer
- published: 25 Nov 2009
- views: 1133
- author: MrDBZfan22
GENERAL CUSTER - THE STORY OF YELLOWHAIR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboyant and dashing commander. It is said that 'cometh the hour, cometh the man' and Custer's appearance on the battlefields of American in the mid-1800s fits this perfectly. A failure at West Point, he made his name fighting the Federal Cavalry during the American Civil War where he earned his nickname 'the boy general'. The dashing and ambitious Custer often flouted military convention, placing his trust instead in his famous 'luck' which, unfortunately for him, ran out during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This programme features spectacular battle reconstructions, period imagery and 'interviews' with the man himself. Narrated by Bob Sessions Available to buy from: www.amazon.co.uk
http://wn.com/GENERAL_CUSTER_THE_STORY_OF_YELLOWHAIR
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboyant and dashing commander. It is said that 'cometh the hour, cometh the man' and Custer's appearance on the battlefields of American in the mid-1800s fits this perfectly. A failure at West Point, he made his name fighting the Federal Cavalry during the American Civil War where he earned his nickname 'the boy general'. The dashing and ambitious Custer often flouted military convention, placing his trust instead in his famous 'luck' which, unfortunately for him, ran out during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This programme features spectacular battle reconstructions, period imagery and 'interviews' with the man himself. Narrated by Bob Sessions Available to buy from: www.amazon.co.uk
- published: 29 Oct 2010
- views: 10119
- author: PegEntLtd
MovieGeneral George Armstrong Custer.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:44
- Updated: 06 Sep 2011
my work
http://wn.com/MovieGeneral_George_Armstrong_Custerwmv
George Armstrong Custer and Native Americans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:10
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second Channel: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_and_Native_Americans
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second Channel: www.youtube.com
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 748
- author: ForeverAlonePrick
General Custer Night at the Museum 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:14
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and Sacajawea
http://wn.com/General_Custer_Night_at_the_Museum_2
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and Sacajawea
- published: 23 Jun 2009
- views: 63819
- author: crazylegs888
Drawing General George Armstrong Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:34
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, and so I decided to make a video of me drawing on of my favorite officers from the Civil War; Brevet Major General George A. Custer. This is NOT a how-to-draw video. This is simply me doing a drawing, and if you like what you see and maybe would like some tips on how to draw, I'll try to answer as best as I can. The music in this video is all from the Civil War Series by Ken Burns. Hope you all enjoy.
http://wn.com/Drawing_General_George_Armstrong_Custer
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, and so I decided to make a video of me drawing on of my favorite officers from the Civil War; Brevet Major General George A. Custer. This is NOT a how-to-draw video. This is simply me doing a drawing, and if you like what you see and maybe would like some tips on how to draw, I'll try to answer as best as I can. The music in this video is all from the Civil War Series by Ken Burns. Hope you all enjoy.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 919
- author: m611martin
General George Armstrong Custer : an American Legend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
www.custerwest.org
http://wn.com/General_George_Armstrong_Custer_an_American_Legend
Portrait of George Custer as a student at West Point
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Updated: 06 Jun 2012
Frank Goodyear, associate curator of photographs at the National Portrait Gallery, discusses an ambrotype portrait of George A. Custer taken during his days as a student at West Point. Frank Goodyear was interviewed by the National Portrait Gallery's Warren Perry on September 23, 2011. Part of our ongoing series commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. To view the entire series see: ow.ly
http://wn.com/Portrait_of_George_Custer_as_a_student_at_West_Point
Frank Goodyear, associate curator of photographs at the National Portrait Gallery, discusses an ambrotype portrait of George A. Custer taken during his days as a student at West Point. Frank Goodyear was interviewed by the National Portrait Gallery's Warren Perry on September 23, 2011. Part of our ongoing series commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. To view the entire series see: ow.ly
- published: 07 Oct 2011
- views: 1968
- author: NatlPortraitGallery
THE COURT-MARTIAL OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 1977 - Ken Howard, Brian Keith, James Olson as Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - mentioned in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide & VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
http://wn.com/THE_COURT-MARTIAL_OF_GEORGE_ARMSTRONG_CUSTER_1977_Ken_Howard,_Brian_Keith,_James_Olson_as_Custer
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - mentioned in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide & VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
- published: 29 Mar 2012
- views: 828
- author: filmnoir2012
03) Saved by George Armstrong Custer - The Art Gallery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Night At the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian Soundtrack I just organized it the way it's setup in the movie. I take no credit at all for this.
http://wn.com/03_Saved_by_George_Armstrong_Custer_The_Art_Gallery
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Night At the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian Soundtrack I just organized it the way it's setup in the movie. I take no credit at all for this.
- published: 13 Nov 2010
- views: 3389
- author: LisaSimpsonLover
Who Will Care for Mother Now? * Civil War Song * Gen. George A. Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks at which he played the pump organ to entertain the other officers. In this letter he lists a number of songs that he played, including "Who Will Care for Mother Now?". Here the song is presented with photos of George Custer and Civil War battle scenes. Albert Garzon playing piano. Snippet of the letter from Custer to Libby from Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The date in the biography says Feb. 9, 1873 - which doesn't seem correct to me - I think this letter was written in 1871.. (any clarification from Custer buffs appreciated to correctly date the letter). "I have been rambling through the house. I have gone through my extensive and classical repertory on the organ, from "Oh, Who Will Care For Mother Now?" to "Put me in my Little Bed," also beautiful and expressive lines announcing that Annie Yates has a baby. After an intermission to allow applause to quiet down, and consuming nearly a peck of apples, I have responded to encore, and gone through my list with variations, till even the wheezing old organ cried "Let us have Peace!"
http://wn.com/Who_Will_Care_for_Mother_Now?_*_Civil_War_Song_*_Gen_George_A_Custer
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks at which he played the pump organ to entertain the other officers. In this letter he lists a number of songs that he played, including "Who Will Care for Mother Now?". Here the song is presented with photos of George Custer and Civil War battle scenes. Albert Garzon playing piano. Snippet of the letter from Custer to Libby from Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The date in the biography says Feb. 9, 1873 - which doesn't seem correct to me - I think this letter was written in 1871.. (any clarification from Custer buffs appreciated to correctly date the letter). "I have been rambling through the house. I have gone through my extensive and classical repertory on the organ, from "Oh, Who Will Care For Mother Now?" to "Put me in my Little Bed," also beautiful and expressive lines announcing that Annie Yates has a baby. After an intermission to allow applause to quiet down, and consuming nearly a peck of apples, I have responded to encore, and gone through my list with variations, till even the wheezing old organ cried "Let us have Peace!"
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 1065
- author: garzonalbert
Custer Of The West (1967) Robert Shaw, Mary Ure and Ty Hardin FULL MOVIE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 141:20
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
George Armstrong Custer's love of the heroic traditions of the Calvary and his distaste with the coming of industrialization leads him to his destiny at the Little Big Horn. www.imdb.com
http://wn.com/Custer_Of_The_West_1967_Robert_Shaw,_Mary_Ure_and_Ty_Hardin_FULL_MOVIE
George Armstrong Custer's love of the heroic traditions of the Calvary and his distaste with the coming of industrialization leads him to his destiny at the Little Big Horn. www.imdb.com
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 190
- author: CharlieChaplinMovie
Meeting With American Indians Is Wrong, Says RNC Leader
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
"General George Armstrong Custer died in 1876, but that doesn't mean we should forget his legacy of slaughtering indigenous peoples. That's why Republican National Committee leader and GOP lobbyist Pat Rogers has condemned New Mexico governor Susana Martinez for meeting with American Indians...".* The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur shares his thoughts. *Read more here from Louis Peitzman in Gawker: gawker.com Support The Young Turks by Subscribing bit.ly Like Us on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow Us on Twitter: bit.ly Buy TYT Merch: theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com
http://wn.com/Meeting_With_American_Indians_Is_Wrong,_Says_RNC_Leader
"General George Armstrong Custer died in 1876, but that doesn't mean we should forget his legacy of slaughtering indigenous peoples. That's why Republican National Committee leader and GOP lobbyist Pat Rogers has condemned New Mexico governor Susana Martinez for meeting with American Indians...".* The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur shares his thoughts. *Read more here from Louis Peitzman in Gawker: gawker.com Support The Young Turks by Subscribing bit.ly Like Us on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow Us on Twitter: bit.ly Buy TYT Merch: theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com
- published: 01 Sep 2012
- views: 51994
- author: TheYoungTurks
Please; Mr Custer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
A goofy song written about: George Armstrong Custer, and the then Generals fateful decision to drag his7th Cavalry in to fight the savage Indians of the western frontier
http://wn.com/Please;_Mr_Custer
A goofy song written about: George Armstrong Custer, and the then Generals fateful decision to drag his7th Cavalry in to fight the savage Indians of the western frontier
- published: 02 Nov 2009
- views: 345832
- author: gypsytwo
Puting color to "CUSTER"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 15 Jun 2012
General George Armstrong Custer, was made famous, the day he and his fellow soldiers were killed in a raid on a very large Sioux and Cheyenne village on the Little Big Horn River, in south eastern Montana on June 26th 1876
http://wn.com/Puting_color_to_CUSTER
General George Armstrong Custer, was made famous, the day he and his fellow soldiers were killed in a raid on a very large Sioux and Cheyenne village on the Little Big Horn River, in south eastern Montana on June 26th 1876
- published: 31 Dec 2008
- views: 1573
- author: David Lemon
George "Armstrong Custer" Bush
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 20 May 2012
Odd how history repeats itself.
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer_Bush
2:48
George Armstrong Custer Photo Gallery
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - al...
published: 16 Dec 2011
author: John Boda
George Armstrong Custer Photo Gallery
This is another in the series of the same era and friend of Custer - Wild Bill Hickok - also posted here. These photos of this amazing man tell a wealth of stories alone even if you know very little about him, and if so, hopefully you will be inspired to learn from the many great books and web sites on him and his last stand.
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 1118
- author: John Boda
5:03
George Armstrong Custer
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer i...
published: 28 Feb 2010
author: earthday100
George Armstrong Custer
Another video I made using the subject of the different interpretations of George Custer in TV and movies. The music used is Jack Gladstone's Valley of the Little Bighorn. I think he is a beautiful songwriter :) Hope ya'll like ^^ I don't own anything etc...
- published: 28 Feb 2010
- views: 40178
- author: earthday100
5:52
Empire Total War George A. Custer - A tribute to Bravery
Benteen ; Reno : You Stood me Up !!!...
published: 27 Nov 2009
author: kungfuserge
Empire Total War George A. Custer - A tribute to Bravery
Benteen ; Reno : You Stood me Up !!!
- published: 27 Nov 2009
- views: 26356
- author: kungfuserge
2:44
Nicolas Coster in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)...
published: 01 May 2012
author: alenkaSB
Nicolas Coster in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
Nicolas Coster's scene in The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer (1977)
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 325
- author: alenkaSB
5:01
George Armstrong Custer speaks out about the nefarious deeds of the New world Order.
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in ...
published: 10 Jul 2012
author: kimpunkrock
George Armstrong Custer speaks out about the nefarious deeds of the New world Order.
Custer did not hate the Indians, nor was he a rabid Indian hater. This really happened in the days after the Civil War. Right before Custer died he pissed off congress and the elite of the day and was sacrificed because of it. This is just ONE piece of early research I am doing on the Illuminati sacrifice of George Armstrong Custer and everyone else who died that day on all sides. I am currently working on a short documentary on the subject which will debut here on You Tube soon! This clip is from the movie called Custer of the West, look it up! I dont own this video and imply any such ownership of this video and have uploaded it for educational purposes only!
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 710
- author: kimpunkrock
1:46
General George Armstrong Custer's Last Stand
www.custerwest.org...
published: 13 Sep 2010
author: custerwestdotorg
General George Armstrong Custer's Last Stand
www.custerwest.org
- published: 13 Sep 2010
- views: 10072
- author: custerwestdotorg
3:01
The History of George A. Custer 1839-1876
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer...
published: 25 Nov 2009
author: MrDBZfan22
The History of George A. Custer 1839-1876
This is the history of one of the most controversial army men George A. Custer
- published: 25 Nov 2009
- views: 1133
- author: MrDBZfan22
1:28
GENERAL CUSTER - THE STORY OF YELLOWHAIR
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboya...
published: 29 Oct 2010
author: PegEntLtd
GENERAL CUSTER - THE STORY OF YELLOWHAIR
George Armstrong Custer is one of military history's most colourful characters, a flamboyant and dashing commander. It is said that 'cometh the hour, cometh the man' and Custer's appearance on the battlefields of American in the mid-1800s fits this perfectly. A failure at West Point, he made his name fighting the Federal Cavalry during the American Civil War where he earned his nickname 'the boy general'. The dashing and ambitious Custer often flouted military convention, placing his trust instead in his famous 'luck' which, unfortunately for him, ran out during the Battle of the Little Bighorn. This programme features spectacular battle reconstructions, period imagery and 'interviews' with the man himself. Narrated by Bob Sessions Available to buy from: www.amazon.co.uk
- published: 29 Oct 2010
- views: 10119
- author: PegEntLtd
6:44
MovieGeneral George Armstrong Custer.wmv
my work...
published: 25 Feb 2010
author: willthephoto21
MovieGeneral George Armstrong Custer.wmv
my work
- published: 25 Feb 2010
- views: 791
- author: willthephoto21
6:10
George Armstrong Custer and Native Americans
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second...
published: 28 Sep 2012
author: ForeverAlonePrick
George Armstrong Custer and Native Americans
The Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Second Channel: www.youtube.com
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 748
- author: ForeverAlonePrick
0:14
General Custer Night at the Museum 2
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and...
published: 23 Jun 2009
author: crazylegs888
General Custer Night at the Museum 2
All rights reserved 2009 I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING. here a little clip from general Custer and Sacajawea
- published: 23 Jun 2009
- views: 63819
- author: crazylegs888
21:34
Drawing General George Armstrong Custer
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, an...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: m611martin
Drawing General George Armstrong Custer
As many of you know, I do drawings of Civil War Generals and officers in my spare time, and so I decided to make a video of me drawing on of my favorite officers from the Civil War; Brevet Major General George A. Custer. This is NOT a how-to-draw video. This is simply me doing a drawing, and if you like what you see and maybe would like some tips on how to draw, I'll try to answer as best as I can. The music in this video is all from the Civil War Series by Ken Burns. Hope you all enjoy.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 919
- author: m611martin
4:26
General George Armstrong Custer : an American Legend
www.custerwest.org...
published: 14 Sep 2010
author: custerwestdotorg
General George Armstrong Custer : an American Legend
www.custerwest.org
- published: 14 Sep 2010
- views: 3281
- author: custerwestdotorg
Vimeo results:
2:29
1000 Words: Custer
Public Domain Photography + Improv Comedy + CrazyTalk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George...
published: 23 Mar 2009
author: Phil Rice
1000 Words: Custer
Public Domain Photography + Improv Comedy + CrazyTalk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer
3:00
CUSTERS BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIG HORN RIVER 1876
Custer, George Armstrong (1839-1876) American soldier, born in New Rumley,Ohio and educat...
published: 22 Sep 2012
author: bristlypinepublishing.com
CUSTERS BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIG HORN RIVER 1876
Custer, George Armstrong (1839-1876) American soldier, born in New Rumley,Ohio and educated at the United States Military Accademy at West Point. Upon his graduation the Civil War had started & he was assigned to the Union Army as a second lieutenant and arrived at the front during the Battle Of Bull Run.
This Battle, known as the Battle of Little Bighorn has become known in American history as Custer's Last Stand.
Custer Battlefield National Monument in Big Horn County Mont., adjoining the Crow Indian Reservation about 15 miles S. of Hardin. It marks the site of one of the last important Indian resistances in the United States on
June 25-26, 1876.
Poetry taken from My Words 1986-1987 by Lewis Paul Hyatt
All Rights Reserved Sept 10 2012
This movie was provided by and intended for public use by Bristly Pine Publishing Studios
3:49
Scenes from "Son of the Morning Star"
Michael Medeiros stars as MAJOR MARCUS RENO in this mini-series about Custer. With Gary Co...
published: 01 Sep 2010
author: Michael Medeiros
Scenes from "Son of the Morning Star"
Michael Medeiros stars as MAJOR MARCUS RENO in this mini-series about Custer. With Gary Cole as George Armstrong Custer, David Strathairn as Benteen, Rosanna Arquette as Mrs. Custer, Terry O'Quinn as General Alfred Terry. Scenes here include THE CAVALRY CHARGE and parts of the battle. Just for the record: I did the charge five times. My horse took very good care of me.
Upcoming: Tiger Lily Road, a feature film written & directed by Michael Medeiros now in post production. Visit our page on Facebook: www.facebook.com/tigerlilyroadmovie.
vimeo.com/album/1155863
0:50
Tupelo
A short promo for Burnished Bronze Press about their first release, “Tupelo.” My own littl...
published: 18 Apr 2011
author: Robert Greeson
Tupelo
A short promo for Burnished Bronze Press about their first release, “Tupelo.” My own little homage to Ken Burns. In the opening photo, that's George Armstrong Custer on the left.
Youtube results:
5:11
Portrait of George Custer as a student at West Point
Frank Goodyear, associate curator of photographs at the National Portrait Gallery, discuss...
published: 07 Oct 2011
author: NatlPortraitGallery
Portrait of George Custer as a student at West Point
Frank Goodyear, associate curator of photographs at the National Portrait Gallery, discusses an ambrotype portrait of George A. Custer taken during his days as a student at West Point. Frank Goodyear was interviewed by the National Portrait Gallery's Warren Perry on September 23, 2011. Part of our ongoing series commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. To view the entire series see: ow.ly
- published: 07 Oct 2011
- views: 1968
- author: NatlPortraitGallery
6:51
THE COURT-MARTIAL OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 1977 - Ken Howard, Brian Keith, James Olson as Custer
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - ...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: filmnoir2012
THE COURT-MARTIAL OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 1977 - Ken Howard, Brian Keith, James Olson as Custer
Available by calling 1-800-440-2960 or 1-306-955-3763 or emailing robertsvideos@shaw.ca - mentioned in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide & VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever
- published: 29 Mar 2012
- views: 828
- author: filmnoir2012
8:33
03) Saved by George Armstrong Custer - The Art Gallery
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Nig...
published: 13 Nov 2010
author: LisaSimpsonLover
03) Saved by George Armstrong Custer - The Art Gallery
Created by Alan Silvestri Music From Night at the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian and Night At the Museum Battle of the Smithsonian Soundtrack I just organized it the way it's setup in the movie. I take no credit at all for this.
- published: 13 Nov 2010
- views: 3389
- author: LisaSimpsonLover
4:09
Who Will Care for Mother Now? * Civil War Song * Gen. George A. Custer
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks ...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: garzonalbert
Who Will Care for Mother Now? * Civil War Song * Gen. George A. Custer
In one of George Custer's letters to his wife Libby, he discusses a party in his barracks at which he played the pump organ to entertain the other officers. In this letter he lists a number of songs that he played, including "Who Will Care for Mother Now?". Here the song is presented with photos of George Custer and Civil War battle scenes. Albert Garzon playing piano. Snippet of the letter from Custer to Libby from Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The date in the biography says Feb. 9, 1873 - which doesn't seem correct to me - I think this letter was written in 1871.. (any clarification from Custer buffs appreciated to correctly date the letter). "I have been rambling through the house. I have gone through my extensive and classical repertory on the organ, from "Oh, Who Will Care For Mother Now?" to "Put me in my Little Bed," also beautiful and expressive lines announcing that Annie Yates has a baby. After an intermission to allow applause to quiet down, and consuming nearly a peck of apples, I have responded to encore, and gone through my list with variations, till even the wheezing old organ cried "Let us have Peace!"
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 1065
- author: garzonalbert
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 Jan 2013
AMY TEIBEL. Associated Press= JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's premier on Wednesday dismissed President Barack Obama's reported displeasure with his hard-line policies toward the Palestinians, a sisgn that the two could be headed for a showdown. Polls suggest Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to win Israel's elections next week and continue in office ... could suffer in unprecedented ways if the Israeli government doesn't change its policies....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: GFDL
17 Jan 2013
TOKYO. Aviation regulators on Thursday grounded most of the world's 787 Dreamliner fleet until a fire risk linked to the plane's batteries can been fixed, deepening a crisis for its US manufacturer Boeing. Regulators in Japan, India and Chile followed the lead of the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in ordering an indefinite halt to all operations, after a Japanese Dreamliner on Wednesday was forced into an emergency landing ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
BAMAKO, Mali -- After a punishing bombing campaign failed to halt the advance of al-Qaida-linked fighters, France pledged Tuesday to triple the size of its force in Mali, sending in hundreds more troops as it prepared for a land assault to dislodge the militants occupying the country's northern half ... On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... "We have one objective ... On Tuesday, U.S ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / Ouahab Hebbat
18 Jan 2013
(CNN) — Nearly two days after Islamist militants abducted an undetermined number of hostages — including Westerners — at a gas plant in a remote section of Algeria, “ongoing activity at various locations” was continuing, a British official said Friday ... The official said a “significant” number of British nationals were among the victims in the incident, and others were unaccounted for ... But U.S ... ....(size: 8.7Kb)
The Examiner
18 Jan 2013
Ella was a direct descendent of George Washington's sister Betty Washington Lewis ... An old friend of his from West Point days, George Armstrong Custer, treated James well and even allowed him to visit with other old acquaintances from their time at the academy ... In appreciation, Ella gave Custer a button from George Washington's coat, an item which is still in the George Custer historical collection....(size: 4.2Kb)
U~T San Diego
12 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. — Evan S ... Connell’s Depression-era Kansas City in the twin novels “Mrs. Bridge” and “Mr ... On Thursday, the author of “Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn” — a book about Custer’s last stand — was found dead in his apartment in Santa Fe, where he had lived in recent years. He was 88, his niece said ... George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)
IMDb
11 Jan 2013
Evan S ... George Armstrong Custer in "Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn," has died ... - Jon Thurber. ....(size: 0.6Kb)
Zap2it
11 Jan 2013
Evan S ... home on Jan. 10 ... Custer and the Little Bighorn" (1984), Connell's works were adapted for both the big and small screen ... and Mrs. Bridge," while Connel's novel on George Armstrong Custer was adapted as a TV miniseries ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
11 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. writer Evan S. Connell, a versatile author whose widely acclaimed non-fiction account of Custer's Last Stand, "Son of the Morning Star," became a best seller, has died at 88, his publisher said ... and Mrs ... Connell was perhaps best known for "Son of the Morning Star" (1984), about the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn in which Indian warriors wiped out Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his 250 men ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Washington Post
11 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. — Evan S ... Connell’s Depression-era Kansas City in the twin novels “Mrs. Bridge” and “Mr ... Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections?. Recommend. Personal Post ... Custer and the Little Bighorn” — a book about Custer’s last stand — was found dead in his apartment ... no funeral ... Col. George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize....(size: 3.8Kb)
US News
11 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — Evan S ... Connell's Depression-era Kansas City in the twin novels "Mrs. Bridge" and "Mr ... On Thursday, the author of "Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn" — a book about Custer's last stand — was found dead in his apartment in Santa Fe, where he had lived in recent years ... no funeral ... George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize....(size: 4.4Kb)
Detroit Free Press
11 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. Evan S ... Connell's Depression-era Kansas City in the twin novels "Mrs. Bridge" and "Mr ... On Thursday, the author of "Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn" a book about Custer's last stand was found dead in his apartment in Santa Fe, where he had lived in recent years. He was 88, his niece said ... Col. George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
Seattle Post
11 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — Evan S. Connell was virtually unknown to the general public, but to critics and students of graduate writing programs, the adventurous author was regarded fondly and often praised for his diversity of interests ... Custer and the Little Bighorn" — a book about Custer's last stand — was found dead in his apartment ... George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
STL Today
11 Jan 2013
SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — Evan S ... Connell's Depression-era Kansas City in the twin novels "Mrs. Bridge" and "Mr ... On Thursday, the author of "Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn" — a book about Custer's last stand — was found dead in his apartment in Santa Fe, where he had lived in recent years. He was 88, his niece said ... George Armstrong Custer came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
Kansas City Star
11 Jan 2013
Evan S ... He was 88 ... Connell was author of several towering works, most notably “Son of the Morning Star,” a widely admired, bestselling portrait of George Armstrong Custer and the massacre at Little Big Horn ... Custer and the Little Big Horn” came out in 1984 and became a TV miniseries in 1991 ... “Just about the only book I’m completely satisfied with is the book I did about General Custer,” he said ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)
The Columbus Dispatch
11 Jan 2013
Subscribe to The Dispatch. Sign up for home delivery of The Columbus Dispatch and find out What's In It for You. . Already a subscriber?. Enroll in EZPay and get a free gift! . . Evan S ... Bridge" and "Mr. Bridge" was found dead today, his niece said. He was 88 ... Col. George Armstrong Custer, "Son of the Morning Star. Custer and the Little Bighorn," came out in 1984 and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle prize ... In "Mrs ... ....(size: 6.0Kb)
The Washington Post
11 Jan 2013
Evan S ... Bridge” and “Mr ... 10 in Santa Fe, N.M. He was 88 ... Mr ... Connell composed his 1984 study of George Armstrong Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn, a biography of Spanish painter Francisco Goya (2004) and essays about science, history, religion, exploration and astronomy ... If Mr ... He spent fours years writing the book about the 1876 battle in which Custer and all his 250 troops were slaughtered by Indian warriors in Montana....(size: 5.7Kb)
"Custer" redirects here. For other uses, see Custer (disambiguation).
| George Armstrong Custer | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1839-12-05)December 5, 1839 New Rumley, Ohio |
| Died | June 25, 1876(1876-06-25) (aged 36) Little Bighorn, Montana |
| Place of burial | initially on the battlefield later reinterred in West Point Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service/branch | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861–76 |
| Rank |  Brevet Major General of Volunteers Lieutenant Colonel (Regular Army) |
| Commands held | Michigan Brigade 3rd Cavalry Division 2nd Cavalry Division 7th U.S. Cavalry |
| Battles/wars | |
George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. Raised in Michigan and Ohio, Custer was admitted to West Point in 1858, where he graduated last in his class. However, with the outbreak of the Civil War, all potential officers were needed, and Custer was called to serve with the Union Army.
Custer developed a strong reputation during the Civil War. He fought in the first major engagement, the First Battle of Bull Run. His association with several important officers helped his career, as did his success as a highly effective cavalry commander. Custer was eventually promoted to the temporary rank (brevet) of major general. (At war's end, he reverted to his permanent rank of captain.) At the conclusion of the Appomattox Campaign, in which he and his troops played a decisive role, Custer was on hand at General Robert E. Lee's surrender.
After the Civil War, Custer was dispatched to the west to fight in the Indian Wars. His disastrous final battle overshadowed his prior achievements. Custer and all the men with him were killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, fighting against a coalition of Native American tribes in a battle that has come to be popularly known in American history as "Custer's Last Stand".
Contents |
Family and ancestry[link]
According to late 20th century research, Custer's ancestors, Paulus and Gertrude Küster, who followed the first thirteen immigrant German families from Krefeld and surroundings, had emigrated to North America around 1693 from the Rhineland in Germany, probably among thousands of Palatine refugees whose passage was arranged by the English government of Queen Anne to gain settlers. George Armstrong Custer was a 4xgreat-grandson of Paulus Küster from Kaldenkirchen, Duchy of Jülich (today North Rhine-Westphalia state), who settled in Germantown, Pennsylvania.[1][2]
Custer's mother was Marie Ward, who – at the age of 16 – had married Israel Kirkpatrick. When he died in 1835, she married Emanuel Henry Custer in 1836. Marie's grandparents – George Ward (1724–1811) and Mary Ward (née Grier) (1733–1811) – were from County Durham, England. Their son James Grier Ward (1765–1824) was born in Dauphin, Pennsylvania, and married Catherine Rogers (1776–1829). Their daughter Marie Ward was Custer's mother. Catherine Rogers was a daughter of Thomas Rogers and Sarah Armstrong. According to family letters, Custer was named after George Armstrong, a minister, in his devout father's hope that his son might join the clergy.[3]
Birth, nicknames and siblings[link]
Custer was born in New Rumley, Ohio, to Emanuel Henry Custer (1806–1892), a farmer and blacksmith, and Marie Ward Kirkpatrick (1807–1882).[4] Throughout his life Custer was known by a variety of nicknames. He was called "Autie" (his early attempt to pronounce his middle name) and Armstrong.
During the Civil War, Custer was frequently termed "The Boy General" in the press, reflecting his promotion to brigadier general at the age of 23; during his years on the Plains in the Indian Wars, his troopers often referred to him with grudging admiration as "Iron Butt" and "Hard Ass" for his physical stamina in the saddle and his strict discipline, as well as with the more derisive "Ringlets" for his vanity about his appearance in general and his long, curling blond hair in particular.[5]
He had two younger brothers, Thomas Custer and Boston Custer. His other full siblings were the family's youngest child, Margaret Custer, and the weak and unhealthy Nevin Custer. Custer also had several older half-siblings.[6]
Early life[link]
Custer spent much of his boyhood living with his half-sister and brother-in-law in Monroe, Michigan, where he attended school. Before entering the United States Military Academy, Custer attended the McNeely Normal School, later known as Hopedale Normal College, in Hopedale, Ohio. While attending Hopedale, Custer, together with classmate William Enos Emery, was known to have carried coal to help pay for their room and board. After graduating from McNeely Normal School in 1856, Custer taught school in Cadiz, Ohio.[7]
Custer graduated as the last of 34 cadets[8] in the Class of June 1861 from the United States Military Academy, just after the start of the Civil War.[9] Custer's West Point class (originally the Class of 1862) was graduated a year early to meet the Army's pressing need for trained officers. Ordinarily, Custer's low class rank would be a ticket to an obscure posting, but Custer had the fortune to graduate just as the Civil War broke out. Custer's tenure at the Academy had been rocky, as he came close to expulsion in each of his four years due to excessive demerits, many from pulling pranks on fellow cadets.
Civil War[link]
McClellan and Pleasonton[link]
Custer was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry and immediately joined his regiment at the First Battle of Bull Run, where Army commander Winfield Scott detailed him to carry messages to Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell. After the battle, he was assigned to the 5th U.S. Cavalry, with which he served through the early days of the Peninsula Campaign in 1862.
It was as a staff officer for Major General George B. McClellan, Custer was promoted to the rank of captain. On May 24, 1862, during the pursuit of Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston up the Peninsula, when Gen. Barnard and his staff were reconnoitering a potential crossing point on the Chickahominy River, they stopped, and Custer overheard his commander mutter to himself, "I wish I knew how deep it is." Custer dashed forward on his horse out to the middle of the river and turned to the astonished officers of the staff and shouted triumphantly, "That's how deep it is, Mr General!" Custer then was allowed to lead an attack with four companies of the 4th Michigan Infantry across the Chickahominy River above New Bridge. The attack was successful, resulting in the capture of 50 Confederates and the seizing of the first Confederate battle flag of the war. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, termed it a "very gallant affair", congratulated Custer personally, and brought him onto his staff as an aide-de-camp with the temporary rank of captain. In this role, Custer began his life-long pursuit of publicity.[10]
When McClellan was relieved of command in November 1862, Custer reverted to the rank of first lieutenant. Custer fell into the orbit of Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, who was commanding a cavalry division. The general was Custer's introduction to the world of extravagant uniforms and political maneuvering, and the young lieutenant became his protégé, serving on Pleasonton's staff while continuing his assignment with his regiment. Custer was quoted as saying that "no father could love his son more than General Pleasonton loves me." After the Battle of Chancellorsville, Pleasonton became the commander of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac and his first assignment was to locate the army of Robert E. Lee, moving north through the Shenandoah Valley in the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign. In his first command, Custer affected a showy, personalized uniform style that alienated his men, but he won them over with his readiness to lead attacks (a contrast to the many officers who would hang back, hoping to avoid being hit); his men began to adopt elements of his uniform, especially the red neckerchief. Custer distinguished himself by fearless, aggressive actions in some of the numerous cavalry engagements that started off the campaign, including Brandy Station and Aldie.
Brigade command and Gettysburg[link]
On June 28, 1863, three days prior to the Battle of Gettysburg, General Pleasonton promoted Custer from captain to brigadier general of volunteers.[8] Despite having no direct command experience, he became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Two other captains—Wesley Merritt and Elon J. Farnsworth—were promoted along with Custer, although they did have command experience. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick. He fought against the Confederate cavalry of Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart at Hanover and Hunterstown, on the way to the main event at Gettysburg.
Custer's style of battle was often claimed to be reckless or foolhardy, but military planning was always the basis of every Custer "dash". As Marguerite Merrington explains in The Custer Story in Letters, "George Custer meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies[sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time."[11] One of his greatest attributes during the Civil War was what Custer wrote of as "luck" and he needed it to survive some of these charges.
Custer established a reputation as an aggressive cavalry brigade commander willing to take personal risks by leading his Michigan Brigade into battle, such as the mounted charges at Hunterstown and East Cavalry Field at the Battle of Gettysburg. At Hunterstown, in an ill-considered charge ordered by Kilpatrick against the brigade of Wade Hampton, Custer fell from his wounded horse directly before the enemy and became the target of numerous enemy rifles. He was rescued by Norville Churchill of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, who galloped up, shot Custer's nearest assailant, and allowed Custer to mount behind him for a dash to safety.
One of Custer's finest hours in the Civil War occurred just east of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. In conjunction with Pickett's Charge to the west, Robert E. Lee had dispatched Stuart's cavalry on a mission into the rear of the Union Army. Custer encountered the Union cavalry division of Brig. Gen. David McMurtrie Gregg directly in the path of Stuart's horsemen. He convinced Gregg to allow him to stay and fight, while his own division was stationed to the south out of the action. At East Cavalry Field, hours of charges and hand-to-hand combat ensued. Custer led a mounted charge of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, breaking the back of the Confederate assault. Custer's brigade lost 257 men at Gettysburg, the highest loss of any Union cavalry brigade.[12] "I challenge the annals of warfare to produce a more brilliant or successful charge of cavalry", Custer wrote in his report.[13]
Marriage[link]
Custer married Elizabeth Clift Bacon (1842–1933) (whom he first saw when he was ten years old)[14] on February 9, 1864. He had been socially introduced to her in November 1862, when home in Monroe on leave. She was not initially impressed with him,[15] and her father, Judge Daniel Bacon, disapproved of Custer as a match because he was the son of a blacksmith. It was not until well after Custer had been promoted to the rank of brevet brigadier general that he gained the approval of Judge Bacon. He married Elizabeth Bacon fourteen months after they formally met.[16]
Following the Battle of Washita River in November 1868, Custer was alleged (by Captain Frederick Benteen, chief of scouts Ben Clark, and Cheyenne oral tradition) to have unofficially "married" Mo-nah-se-tah, daughter of the Cheyenne chief Little Rock in the winter or early spring of 1868–1869. (Little Rock was killed in the Washita battle.)[17] Mo-nah-se-tah gave birth to a child in January 1869, two months after the Washita battle. Cheyenne oral history tells that she also bore a second child, fathered by Custer in late 1869. Some historians, however, believe that Custer had become sterile after contracting gonorrhea while at West Point and that the father was, in actuality, his brother Thomas.[18]
The Valley and Appomattox[link]
In 1864, with the Cavalry Corps under the command of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, Custer led his "Wolverines" through the Overland Campaign, including the Battle of Trevilian Station. Custer, now commanding the 3rd Division, followed Sheridan to the Shenandoah Valley where they defeated the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. When the cavalry corps of the Army of the Potomac was reorganized under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan in 1864, Custer took part in the various actions of the cavalry in the Overland Campaign, including the Battle of the Wilderness (after which he ascended to division command), the Battle of Yellow Tavern, where J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded, and the Battle of Trevilian Station, where Custer was humiliated by having his division trains overrun and his personal baggage captured by the enemy. When Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early moved down the Shenandoah Valley and threatened Washington, D.C., Custer's division was dispatched along with Sheridan to the Valley Campaigns of 1864. They pursued the Confederates at the Third Battle of Winchester and effectively destroyed Early's army during Sheridan's counterattack at Cedar Creek.
Sheridan and Custer, having defeated Early, returned to the main Union Army lines at the Siege of Petersburg, where they spent the winter. In April 1865 the Confederate lines were finally broken and Robert E. Lee began his retreat to Appomattox Court House, pursued by the Union cavalry. Custer distinguished himself by his actions at Waynesboro, Dinwiddie Court House, and Five Forks. His division blocked Lee's retreat on its final day and received the first flag of truce from the Confederate force. Custer was present at the surrender at Appomattox Court House and the table upon which the surrender was signed was presented to him as a gift for his wife by General Sheridan, who included a note to her praising Custer's gallantry. She treasured the gift of the historical table, which is now in the Smithsonian Institution.[19]
Before the close of the war Custer received brevet promotions to brigadier general and major general in the regular army (March 13, 1865) and major general of volunteers (April 15, 1865).[8] As with most wartime promotions, even when issued under the regular army, these senior ranks were only temporary.
Reconstruction duties in Texas[link]
In June 1865, at Sheridan's behest, Custer accepted command of the 2nd Division of Cavalry, Military Division of the Southwest, to march from Alexandria, Louisiana, to Hempstead, Texas, as part of the Union occupation forces. Custer arrived at Alexandria on June 27 and began assembling his units, which took more than a month to gather and remount. Accompanied by his wife, he led the division (five regiments of veteran Western Theater cavalrymen) to Texas on an arduous 18-day march in August. In October he moved the division to Austin, when he became Chief of Cavalry for the Department of Texas, succeeding Maj-Gen. Wesley Merritt.
During his entire period of command of the division, Custer encountered considerable friction and near mutiny from the volunteer cavalry regiments who had campaigned along the Gulf coast. They desired to be mustered out of Federal service rather than continue campaigning, resented imposition of discipline (particularly from an Eastern Theater general), and considered Custer nothing more than a vain dandy.[20][21]
Custer's division was mustered out beginning in November 1865, replaced by the regulars of the U.S. 6th Cavalry Regiment. Although their occupation of Austin had apparently been pleasant, many veterans harbored deep resentments against Custer, particularly in the 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry, because of his attempts to maintain discipline. Upon its mustering out, several members planned to ambush Custer, but he was warned the night before and the attempt thwarted.[22]
Indian Wars[link]
On February 1, 1866, Custer was mustered out of the volunteer service and returned to his permanent rank of captain in the 5th Cavalry. Custer took an extended leave, exploring options in New York City,[23] where he considered careers in railroads and mining.[24] Offered a position (and $10,000 in gold) as adjutant general of the army of Benito Juárez of Mexico, who was then in a struggle with the self-proclaimed Maximilian I (a foil of French Emperor Napoleon III), Custer applied for a one-year leave of absence from the U.S. Army, which was endorsed by Grant and Secretary of War Stanton. Sheridan and Mrs. Custer disapproved, however, and when his request for leave was opposed by U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward, who was against having an American officer commanding foreign troops, Custer refused the alternative of resignation from the Army to take the lucrative post.[24][25]
Following the death of his father-in-law in May 1866, Custer returned to Monroe, Michigan, where he considered running for Congress. He took part in public discussion over the treatment of the American South in the aftermath of the Civil War, advocating a policy of moderation.[24] He was named head of the Soldiers and Sailors Union, regarded as a response to the hyper-partisan Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). Also formed in 1866, it was led by Republican activist John Alexander Logan. In September 1866 Custer accompanied President Andrew Johnson on a journey by train known as the "Swing Around the Circle" to build up public support for Johnson's policies towards the South. Custer denied a charge by the newspapers that Johnson had promised him a colonel's commission in return for his support, but Custer had written to Johnson some weeks before seeking such a commission. Custer and his wife stayed with the president during most of the trip. At one point Custer confronted a small group of Ohio men who repeatedly jeered Johnson, saying to them: "I was born two miles and a half from here, but I am ashamed of you."[26]
Custer was appointed lieutenant colonel of the newly created U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment,[27] headquartered at Fort Riley, Kansas.[28] As a result of a plea by his patron General Philip Sheridan, Custer was also appointed brevet major general.[27] He took part in Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock's expedition against the Cheyenne in 1867. On June 26, 1867 Lt. Lyman Kidder's party, made up of ten troopers and one scout, were massacred while in route to Fort Wallace. Lt. Kidder was to deliver dispatches to Custer from Gen. William Sherman, but his party was attacked by Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne (see Kidder massacre). Days later, Custer and a search party found the bodies of Kidder's patrol.
Following the Hancock campaign, Custer was court-martialed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas for being AWOL, after having abandoned his post to see his wife. He was suspended from duty for one year. At the request of Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan, who wanted Custer for his planned winter campaign against the Cheyenne, Custer was allowed to return to duty in 1868, before his term of suspension had expired.
Under Sheridan's orders, Custer took part in establishing Camp Supply in Indian Territory in early November 1868 as a supply base for the winter campaign. Custer led the 7th U.S. Cavalry in an attack on the Cheyenne encampment of Black Kettle—the Battle of Washita River on November 27, 1868. Custer reported killing 103 warriors; estimates by the Cheyenne of their casualties were substantially lower (11 warriors plus 19 women and children);[29] some women and children were also killed, and US troops took 53 women and children prisoner. Custer had his men shoot most of the 875 Indian ponies they had captured. The Battle of Washita River was regarded as the first substantial U.S. victory in the Southern Plains War, and it helped force a significant portion of the Southern Cheyennes onto a U.S.-assigned reservation.
In 1873, Custer was sent to the Dakota Territory to protect a railroad survey party against the Lakota. On August 4, 1873, near the Tongue River, Custer and the 7th U.S. Cavalry clashed for the first time with the Lakota. Only one man on each side was killed. In 1874, Custer led an expedition into the Black Hills and announced the discovery of gold on French Creek near present-day Custer, South Dakota. Custer's announcement triggered the Black Hills Gold Rush. Among the towns that immediately grew up was Deadwood, South Dakota, notorious for lawlessness.
Grant, Belknap and Politics[link]
Further information: Trader post scandal (1876)
The expedition against the Sioux was originally scheduled to leave Fort Abraham Lincoln on April 6, 1876, but on March 15, Custer was summoned to Washington to testify at Congressional hearings regarding the scandal involving U.S. Secretary of War William W. Belknap and President Grant's brother Orville. After testifying on March 29 and April 4, Custer testified before the Banning Committee. After Belknap was indicted, Custer secured release and left Washington on April 20. Instead of immediately returning to Fort Lincoln, he visited the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and traveled to New York to meet with his publishers. While there, he was summoned to the U.S. Senate, possibly a move instigated by President Grant.
Returning to Washington on April 21, Custer found he was the center of a campaign of vilification in the media. He was accused of perjury and disparagement of brother officers. General Sherman asked the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, to write a letter requesting Custer's release so Custer could take command of the Fort Lincoln expedition against the Lakota. President Grant prohibited sending the letter and ordered Taft to appoint another officer to take command. When Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry determined there were no available officers of rank to take command, Sherman ordered him to make an appointment. Stunned that he would not be in command, Custer approached the impeachment managers and secured his release. General Sherman advised Custer not to leave Washington before meeting personally with President Grant. Custer arranged for Colonel Rufus Ingalls to request a meeting, which Grant refused. On the evening of May 3, Custer took a train to Chicago.
The following morning General Sherman sent a telegram to General Sheridan ordering him to intercept Custer and hold him until further orders. Sheridan was also ordered to arrange for the expedition against the Lakota to depart with Major Reno's replacing Custer. Sherman, Sheridan, and Terry all wanted Custer in command but had to support Grant. Sherman wrote Terry: "Custer's political activity has compromised his best friends here, and almost deprived us of the ability to serve him".[citation needed]
Brig. Gen. Terry met Custer in Fort Snelling, Minnesota on May 6. He later recalled, "(Custer) with tears in his eyes, begged for my aid. How could I resist it?"[citation needed]. Terry wrote to Grant attesting to the advantages of Custer's leading the expedition. Sheridan endorsed his effort, accepting Custer's "guilt" and suggesting his restraint in future. Grant was already under pressure for his treatment of Custer and his administration worried about failure of the "Sioux campaign" without him. Grant would be blamed if perceived as ignoring the recommendations of senior Army officers. On May 8 Custer was informed at Fort Snelling that he was to lead the 7th Cavalry, but under Terry's direct supervision.
Before leaving Fort Snelling, Custer spoke to General Terry's chief engineer, Captain Ludlow, saying he would "cut loose" from Terry the first chance he got. Critics have used this statement to conclude that Custer was to blame for the resulting disaster by seeking to claim independent victory.[citation needed]
Battle of the Little Bighorn[link]
Main article: Battle of the Little Bighorn
By the time of Custer's expedition to the Black Hills in 1874, the level of conflict and tension between the U.S. and many of the Plains Indians tribes (including the Lakota Sioux and the Cheyenne) had become exceedingly high. Americans continually broke treaty agreements and advanced further westward, resulting in violence and acts of depredation by both sides. To take possession of the Black Hills (and thus the gold deposits), and to stop Indian attacks, the U.S. decided to corral all remaining free Plains Indians. The Grant government set a deadline of January 31, 1876 for all Lakota and Arapaho wintering in the "unceded territory" to report to their designated agencies (reservations) or be considered "hostile".[30]
The 7th Cavalry departed from Fort Lincoln on May 17, 1876, part of a larger army force planning to round up remaining free Indians. Meanwhile, in the spring and summer of 1876, the Hunkpapa Lakota holy man Sitting Bull had called together the largest ever gathering of Plains Indians at Ash Creek, Montana (later moved to the Little Bighorn River) to discuss what to do about the whites.[31] It was this united encampment of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians that the 7th met at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
On June 25, some of Custer's Crow Indian scouts identified what they claimed was a large Indian encampment along the Little Bighorn River. Custer divided his forces into three battalions: one led by Major Marcus Reno, one by Captain Frederick Benteen, and one by himself. Captain Thomas M. McDougall and Company B were with the pack train. Benteen was sent south and west, to cut off any attempted escape by the Indians, Reno was sent north to charge the southern end of the encampment, and Custer rode north, hidden to the east of the encampment by bluffs, and planning to circle around and attack from the north.[32][33]
Reno began a charge on the southern end of the village, but halted some 500–600 yards short of the camp, and had his men dismount and form a skirmish line.[34] They were soon overcome by mounted Lakota and Cheyenne warriors who counterattacked en masse against Reno's exposed left flank,[35] forcing Reno and his men to take cover in the trees along the river. Eventually, however, this position became untenable and the troopers were forced into a bloody retreat up onto the bluffs above the river, where they made their own stand.[36][37] This, the opening action of the battle, cost Reno a quarter of his command.
Custer may have seen Reno stop and form a skirmish line as Custer led his command to the northern end of the main encampment, where he apparently planned to sandwich the Indians between his attacking troopers and Reno's command in a "hammer and anvil" maneuver.[38] According to Grinnell's account, based on the testimony of the Cheyenne warriors who survived the fight,[39] at least part of Custer's command attempted to ford the river at the north end of the camp but were driven off by stiff resistance from Indian sharpshooters firing from the brush along the west bank of the river. From that point the soldiers were pursued by hundreds of warriors onto a ridge north of the encampment. Custer and his command were prevented from digging in by Crazy Horse, however, whose warriors had outflanked him and were now to his north, at the crest of the ridge.[40] Traditional white accounts attribute to Gall the attack that drove Custer up onto the ridge, but Indian witnesses have disputed that account.[41]
| "Hurrah boys, we've got them! We'll finish them up and then go home to our station." |
| —Famous words reportedly said by General Custer shortly before being killed.[42] |
For a time, Custer's men appear to have been deployed by company, in standard cavalry fighting formation—the skirmish line, with every fourth man holding the horses, though this arrangement would have robbed Custer of a quarter of his firepower. Worse, as the fight intensified, many soldiers could have taken to holding their own horses or hobbling them, further reducing the 7th's effective fire. When Crazy Horse and White Bull mounted the charge that broke through the center of Custer's lines, pandemonium may have broken out among the soldiers of Calhoun's command,[43] though Myles Keogh's men seem to have fought and died where they stood. According to some Lakota accounts, many of the panicking soldiers threw down their weapons[44] and either rode or ran towards the knoll where Custer, the other officers, and about 40 men were making a stand. Along the way, the warriors rode them down, counting coup by striking the fleeing troopers with their quirts or lances.[45]
Initially, Custer had 208 officers and men under his command, with an additional 142 under Reno, just over a hundred under Benteen, 50 soldiers with Captain McDougall's rearguard, and 84 soldiers under 1st Lieutenant Edward Gustave Mathey with the pack train. The Lakota-Cheyenne coalition may have fielded over 1800 warriors.[46] Historian Gregory Michno settles on a low number around 1000 based on contemporary Lakota testimony, but other sources place the number at 1800 or 2000, especially in the works by Utley and Fox. The 1800–2000 figure is substantially lower than the higher numbers of 3000 or more postulated by Ambrose, Gray, Scott, and others. Some of the other participants in the battle gave these estimates:
-
- Spotted Horn Bull – 5,000 braves and chiefs
- Maj. Reno – 2,500 to 5,000 warriors
- Capt. Moylan – 3,500 to 4,000
- Lt. Hare – not under 4,000
- Lt. Godfrey – minimum between 2,500 and 3,000
- Lt. Edgerly – 4,000
- Lt. Varnum – not less than 4,000
- Sgt. Kanipe – fully 4,000
- George Herendeen – fully 3,000
- Fred Gerard – 2,500 to 3,000
An average of the above is 3,500 warriors and chiefs.[47]
As the troopers were cut down, the native warriors stripped the dead of their firearms and ammunition, with the result that the return fire from the cavalry steadily decreased, while the fire from the Indians constantly increased. The surviving troopers apparently shot their remaining horses to use as breastworks for a final stand on the knoll at the north end of the ridge. The warriors closed in for the final attack and killed every man in Custer's command. As a result, the Battle of the Little Bighorn has come to be popularly known as "Custer's Last Stand".
Death[link]
Some eyewitness reports state that Custer was not identified until after his death by the Indians who killed him.[citation needed] Several individuals claimed personal responsibility for the killing, including White Bull of the Miniconjous, Rain-in-the-Face, Flat Lip and Brave Bear.[48] In June 2005 at a public meeting, the Northern Cheyenne broke more than 100 years of silence about the battle. Storytellers said that according to their oral tradition, Buffalo Calf Road Woman, a Northern Cheyenne heroine of the Battle of the Rosebud, struck the final blow against Custer, which knocked him off his horse before he died.[49]
A contrasting version of Custer's death is suggested by the testimony of an Oglala named Joseph White Cow Bull, according to novelist and Custer biographer Evan Connell, who relates that Joseph White Bull stated he had shot a rider at the riverside wearing a buckskin jacket and big hat when the soldiers first approached the village from the east. The initial force facing the soldiers, according to this version, was quite small (possibly as few as four warriors) yet challenged Custer's command. The rider who was hit, mounted next to a rider who bore a flag, had shouted orders that prompted the soldiers to attack, but when the buckskin-clad rider fell off his horse after being shot, many of the attackers reined up. The allegation that the buckskin-clad officer was Custer, if accurate, might explain the supposed rapid disintegration of Custer's forces.[50] However, several other officers of the Seventh, including William Cooke and Tom Custer, were also dressed in buckskin on the day of the battle, and the fact that each of the non-mutilation wounds to Custer's body (a bullet wound below the heart and a shot to the left temple) would have been instantly fatal casts doubt on his being wounded or killed at the ford, more than a mile from where his body was found.[51]
In 1920s, two elderly Cheyenne women spoke briefly with oral historians about their having recognized Custer's body on the battlefield, and had stopped a Sioux warrior from desecrating the body. The women were relatives of Mo-nah-se-tah, who was alleged to have been Custer's one-time lover. In the Cheyenne culture of the time, such a relationship was considered a marriage. The women allegedly told the warrior to "Stop, he is a relative of ours," and then shooed him away. The two women then shoved their sewing awls into his ears, to permit Custer's corpse to 'hear better in the afterlife' because he had broken his promise to Chief Stone Forehead never to fight against Native Americans again.[52]
When the main column under General Terry arrived two days later, the army found most of the soldiers' corpses stripped, scalped, and mutilated.[53] Custer's body had two bullet holes, one in the left temple and one just above the heart.[54] Capt. Benteen, who inspected the body, stated that in his opinion the fatal injuries had not been the result of .45 caliber ammunition, which implies the bullet holes had been caused by ranged rifle fire.[55]
Following the recovery of Custer's body and that of his brother Tom, the remains were buried on the battlefield side by side in a shallow grave, after being covered by pieces of tent canvas and blankets.[56] One year later, Custer's remains and those of many of his officers were recovered and sent back east for reinterment in more formal burials. Custer was buried again with full military honors at West Point Cemetery on October 10, 1877. The battle site was designated a National Cemetery in 1876.
Controversial legacy[link]
After his death, Custer achieved the lasting fame that he had sought on the battlefield. The public saw him as a tragic military hero and exemplary gentleman who sacrificed his life for his country. Custer's wife, Elizabeth, who had accompanied him in many of his frontier expeditions, did much to advance this view with the publication of several books about her late husband: Boots and Saddles, Life with General Custer in Dakota (1885), Tenting on the Plains (1887), and Following the Guidon (1891). Lt. Col. Custer wrote about the Indian wars in My Life on the Plains (1874).
The deaths of Custer and his troops became the best-known episode in the history of western Indian wars, due in part to a painting commissioned by the brewery Anheuser-Busch as part of an advertising campaign. The enterprising company ordered reprints of a dramatic work that depicted “Custer's Last Stand” and had them framed and hung in many United States saloons. This created lasting impressions of the battle and the brewery’s products in the minds of many bar patrons. [57]
Custer has been called a "media personality",[58][59] and he did value good public relations in addition to leveraging the print media of his era effectively. He frequently invited correspondents to accompany his campaigns (one, Associated Press reporter Mark Kellogg, died at the Little Bighorn), and their favorable reporting contributed to his high reputation, which lasted well into the 20th century. He paid attention to his image; after being promoted to brigadier general in the Civil War, Custer sported a uniform that included shiny cavalry boots, tight olive-colored corduroy trousers, a wide-brimmed slouch hat, tight hussar jacket of black velveteen with silver piping on the sleeves, a sailor shirt with silver stars on his collar, and a red cravat. He wore his hair in long ringlets liberally sprinkled with cinnamon-scented hair oil. Later, in his campaigns against the Indians, Custer wore a buckskins outfit, along with his familiar red tie.[60]
The assessment of Custer's actions during the Indian Wars has undergone substantial reconsideration in modern times. Documenting the arc of popular perception in his 1984 biography Son of the Morning Star, author Evan Connell notes the reverential tone of Custer's first biographer Frederick Whittaker (whose book was rushed out the year of Custer's death.)[61] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote an adoring (and often erroneous) poem.[62] President Theodore Roosevelt's lavish praise pleased Custer's widow.[63] Connell concludes:
"These days it is stylish to denigrate the general, whose stock sells for nothing. Nineteenth-century Americans thought differently. At that time he was a cavalier without fear and beyond reproach."[56]
President Grant, a highly successful general, bluntly criticized Custer's actions in the battle of the Little Bighorn. Quoted in the New York Herald on September 2, 1876, Grant said, "I regard Custer's Massacre as a sacrifice of troops, brought on by Custer himself, that was wholly unnecessary – wholly unnecessary."[64] General Phillip Sheridan likewise took a harsh view of Custer's final military actions. General Nelson Miles (who inherited Custer's mantle of famed Indian fighter) and others praised him as a fallen hero betrayed by the incompetence of subordinate officers. Miles noted the difficulty of winning a fight "with seven-twelfths of the command remaining out of the engagement when within sound of his rifle shots."[65] The controversy over blame for the disaster at Little Bighorn continues to this day. Major Marcus Reno's failure to press his attack on the south end of the Lakota/Cheyenne village and his flight to the timber along the river after a single casualty have been cited as a causal factor in the destruction of Custer's battalion, as has Captain Frederick Benteen's allegedly tardy arrival on the field and the failure of the two officers' combined forces to move toward the relief of Custer.
| "When writing about Custer, neutral ground is elusive. What should Custer have done at any of the critical junctures that rapidly presented themselves, each now the subject of endless speculation and rumination? There will always be a variety of opinions based upon what Custer knew, what he did not know, and what he could not have known..." |
| —from Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer by Louise Barnett.[64] |
In contrast, some of Custer's critics, including Gen. Sheridan, have asserted at least three clear tactical errors.[citation needed]
First, while camped at Powder River, Custer refused the support offered by General Terry on June 21, of an additional four companies of the Second Cavalry. Custer stated that he "could whip any Indian village on the Plains" with his own regiment, and that extra troops would simply be a burden.
At the same time, he left behind at the steamer Far West on the Yellowstone a battery of Gatling guns, knowing he was facing superior numbers. Before leaving the camp all the troops, including the officers, also boxed their sabers and sent them back with the wagons.[66] On the day of the battle, Custer divided his 600-man command, despite being faced with vastly superior numbers of Sioux and Cheyenne.
The refusal of an extra battalion reduced the size of his force by at least a sixth, and rejecting the firepower offered by the Gatling guns played into the events of June 25 to the disadvantage of his regiment.[67]
Custer's defenders, however, including historian Charles K. Hofling, have asserted that Gatling guns would have been slow and cumbersome as the troops crossed the rough country between the Yellowstone and the Little Bighorn.[68] Custer rated speed in gaining the battlefield as essential and more important. The additional firepower had the potential of turning the tide of the fight, given the Indians' propensity for withdrawing in the face of new military technology.[citation needed] Other Custer supporters[who?] have claimed that splitting the forces was a standard tactic, so as to demoralize the enemy with the appearance of the cavalry in different places all at once, especially when a contingent threatened the line of retreat.
Monuments and memorials[link]
- Counties are named in Custer's honor in six states: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. Custer County, Idaho, is named for the General Custer Mine, which was named for Custer. Townships in Michigan and Minnesota were named for Custer. There are also the villages of Custer, Michigan and Custer, Ohio, the city of Custer, South Dakota, and the unincorporated town of Custer, Wisconsin. A portion of Monroe County, Michigan, is informally referred to as "Custerville".[69]
- Custer National Cemetery is within Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the site of Custer's death.
- An equestrian statue of Custer by Edward Clark Potter was erected in Monroe, Michigan, his boyhood home, in 1910.
- Fort Custer National Military Reservation, near Augusta, Michigan, was built in 1917 on 130 parcels of land, as part of the military mobilization for World War I. During the war, some 90,000 troops passed through Camp Custer.
- The establishment of Fort Custer National Cemetery (originally Fort Custer Post Cemetery) took place on September 18, 1943, with the first interment. On Memorial Day 1982, more than 33 years after the first resolution had been introduced in Congress, impressive ceremonies marked the official opening of the cemetery.[70]
- Custer Hill is the main troop billeting area at Fort Riley, Kansas.
- The US 85th Infantry Division was nicknamed The Custer Division.
- The Black Hills of South Dakota is full of evidence of Custer, with a county, town, and the Custer State Park all located in the area.
- The Custer house at Fort Lincoln, near present-day Mandan, North Dakota has been reconstructed as it was in Custer's day, along with the soldiers' barracks, block houses, etc. Annual re-enactments are held of Custer's 7th Cavalry's leaving for the Little Bighorn.[71]
- On July 2, 2008, a marble monument to Brigadier General Custer was dedicated at the site of the 1863 Civil War Battle of Hunterstown in Adams County, Pennsylvania.
- Custer Monument at the United States Military Academy was first unveiled in 1879. It now stands next to his grave in the West Point Cemetery.
See also[link]
- Cultural depictions of George Armstrong Custer
- Fort Abraham Lincoln
- List of American Civil War generals
- List of German Americans
- German-Americans in the Civil War
References[link]
- ^ Wert, Jeffry D. (1996). Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81043-3. , p. 15.
- ^ Connell, Evan S. (1984). Son Of The Morning Star. San Francisco, California: North Point Press. ISBN 0-86547-160-6. , p. 352.
- ^ Merington, Margurite (1987). The Custer Story: The Life and Intimate Letters of George A. Custer and His Wife Elizabeth. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8138-2.
- ^ Custer in the 1850 US Census in North Township, Ohio.
- ^ Welch, James; Stekler, Paul (2007). Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians. W.W. Norton & Co.. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-393-32939-1.
- ^ Wert (1996), pp. 17–18.
- ^ "General George Custer Biography, US 7th Cavalry". Custer Lives!. http://custerlives.com/custer1.htm. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ a b c Eicher, John H. and David J. Eicher. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 196.
- ^ Custer in the 1860 US Census at West Point.
- ^ Tagg, Larry. (1988). The Generals Of Gettysburg: Appraisal Of The Leaders Of America's Greatest Battle. Savas Publishing Company, ISBN 1-882810-30-9, p. 184.
- ^ Marguerite Merrington, The Custer Story In Letters|University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
- ^ Tagg, p. 185.
- ^ Robbins, James S., Last in their Class: Custer, Pickett and the Goats of West Point (2006), p. 268.
- ^ Connell (1984), p. 113.
- ^ Barnett, Louise (1996). Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.. ISBN 0-8050-3720-9. , p. 22.
- ^ Connell (1984), pp. 113–114.
- ^ Utley, Robert M. (2001). Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, revised edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3387-2, p. 107.
- ^ Wert (1996), pp. 287–288.
- ^ Wert, p. 225.
- ^ Wert (1996), pp. 232–238.
- ^ Richter, William L. "It is Best to Go Strong-Armed: Army Occupation of Texas, 1865–66", Arizona and The West (Summer 1985), Vol. 27, No. 2, p. 121-122.
- ^ Richter, "It is Best to Go Strong-Armed: Army Occupation of Texas, 1865–66", p. 135.
- ^ Utley 2001, p. 38.
- ^ a b c Utley 2001, p. 39.
- ^ Wert (1996), p. 241.
- ^ Utley 2001, pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b Utley 2001, p. 40.
- ^ Utley 2001, p. 41.
- ^ "The Story of the Battle of the Washita". National Park Service (USA). November 1999. http://www.nps.gov/archive/waba/story.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty. The Cheyenne were not part of this treaty and had no designated agency. The reservation was for the Lakota and Arapaho.
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 15.
- ^ Welch 2007, p. 149.
- ^ Ambrose, Stephen E. (1996). Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-47966-2, p. 437.
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 2.
- ^ Goodrich, Thomas (1997). Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, p. 242, testimony of scout Billy Jackson.
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 4.
- ^ Ambrose 1996, p. 439.
- ^ Vern Smalley, More Little Bighorn Mysteries, Chapter 14.
- ^ Grinnell, 1915, pp. 300–301.
- ^ Marshall 2007, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Michno, Gregory F. (1997). Lakota Noon: The Indian Narrative of Custer's Defeat. Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87842-349-4, p. 168.
- ^ I fought with Custer by Charles Windolph, Frazier Hunt, Robert Hunt.
- ^ Michno (1997), pp. 205–206.
- ^ Welch 2007, p. 183; cf. Grinnell, p. 301, whose sources say that by this time, about half the soldiers were without carbines and fought only with six-shooters.
- ^ Michno (1997), p. 215.
- ^ Michno (1997), pp. 10–20.
- ^ Vern Smalley, Little Bighorn Mysteries, p. 6.
- ^ Dee Brown, Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee, Vintage, 1991, ISBN 978-0-09-952640-7, p.296-297.
- ^ Martin J. Kidston, "Northern Cheyenne break vow of silence", Helena Independent Record, 28 June 2005. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Connell (1984), pp. 413–414.
- ^ Wert, 1996, p. 355.
- ^ Smithsonian Magazine, November, 2010, "How Little Bighorn was won" by Thomas Powers
- ^ Marshall 2007, p. 11; Welch 2007, pp. 175–181.
- ^ Welch 2007, p. 175.
- ^ Connell (1984), P. 410.
- ^ a b Connell (1984), p. 411.
- ^ Griske, Michael (2005). The Diaries of John Hunton. Heritage Books. pp. 78–79. ISBN 0-7884-3804-2.
- ^ Ravage, John W. (1997). Black pioneers: images of the Black experience on the North American frontier. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-87480-546-8.
- ^ Adams, Michael C.C. (2006). "George Armstrong Custer". In Hall, Dennis G.; Hall, Susan. American icons: an encyclopedia of the people, places, and things that have shaped our culture. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-275-98429-8.
- ^ Frost, Lawrence A. (1990). The Custer album: a pictorial biography of General George A. Custer. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-8061-2282-3.
- ^ Connell (1984), p. 287.
- ^ Connell (1984), pp. 380–391.
- ^ Connell (1984), p. 325.
- ^ a b Barnett (1996), p. 540.
- ^ Barnett (1996), p. 311.
- ^ "William Slaper's Story of the Battle", Personal account by a trooper in M company 7th Cavalry.
- ^ Goodrich, Scalp Dance, 1997, pp. 233–234.
- ^ Custer and the Little Big Horn: A ... – Google Books. 1985-06. ISBN 978-0-8143-1814-0. http://books.google.com/?id=354YOkSKZXcC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=nelson+miles+on+little+bighorn#PPA27,M1. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- ^ Toledo Blade article.
- ^ "Fort Custer National Cemetery". United States Department of Veterans Affairs. http://www.cem.va.gov/CEMs/nchp/ftcuster.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
- ^ "The Free Library". The Free Library. 2006-11-01. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Custer%27s+last+policy:+General+George+Custer%27s+life+insurance+policy+...-a0154692038. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
Bibliography[link]
- Ambrose, Stephen E. (1996 [1975]). Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-47966-2.
- Barnett, Louise Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer (1996) New York, Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
- Boulard, Garry "The Swing Around the Circle – Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency" (2006) isbn=978-1-4401-0239-4
- Connell, Evan S. (1984). Son Of The Morning Star. San Francisco, California: North Point Press. ISBN 0-86547-160-6.
- Eicher, John H. and David J. Eicher. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- Goodrich, Thomas. Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997.
- Gray, John S. (1993). Custer's Last Campaign: Mitch Boyer and the Little Bighorn Remembered. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-7040-2.
- Grinnell, George Bird (1915). The Fighting Cheyennes. The University of Oklahoma Press reprint 1956. pp. 296–307. ISBN 0-7394-0373-7.
- Longacre, Edward G. (2000). Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1049-1.
- Mails, Thomas E. Mystic Warriors of the Plains. New York: Marlowe & Co., 1996.
- Marshall, Joseph M. III. (2007). The Day the World Ended at Little Bighorn: A Lakota History. New York: Viking Press.
- Merington, Marguerite, Ed. The Custer Story: The Life and Intimate Letters of General Custer and his Wife Elizabeth. (1950)
- Michno, Gregory F. (1997). Lakota Noon: The Indian Narrative of Custer's Defeat. Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87842-349-4.
- Perrett, Bryan. Last Stand: Famous Battles Against the Odds. London: Arms & Armour, 1993.
- Scott, Douglas D., Richard A. Fox, Melissa A. Connor, and Dick Harmon. (1989). Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3292-2.
- Punke, Michael, "Last Stand: George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West", Smithsonian Books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-089782-6
- Tagg, Larry. (1988). The Generals of Gettysburg. Savas Publishing. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
- Urwin, Gregory J. W., Custer Victorious, University of Nebraska Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-8032-9556-8.
- Utley, Robert M. (2001). Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier, revised edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3387-2.
- Vestal, Stanley. Warpath: The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1934.
- Warner, Ezra J. (1964). Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
- Welch, James, with Paul Stekler. (2007 [1994]). Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
- Wert, Jeffry D. Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. ISBN 0-684-83275-5.
- Wittenberg, Eric J. (2001). Glory Enough for All : Sheridan's Second Raid and the Battle of Trevilian Station. Brassey's Inc. ISBN 1-57488-353-4.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: George Armstrong Custer |
- Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield
- Custer Battlefield Museum
- "George Armstrong Custer". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=249. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- Little Bighorn History Alliance
- Custerwest.org:Site For Traditional Scholarship
- Kenneth M Hammer Collection on Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn, Harold G. Andersen Library, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
- Gallery of Custer images
- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture -Custer, George Armstrong
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Custer, George Armstrong". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. - Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1900). "Custer, George Armstrong". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography.
Further reading[link]
- Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1999-05-19). Boots and Saddles: Or, Life in Dakota with General Custer. Harper & Brothers, NY., 1885. ISBN 978-1-58218-126-4. http://books.google.com/?id=EfRkVrJcVLoC&pg=PA314&dq=novel+war#PPP1,M1. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- Elizabeth Bacon Custer (1999-06-19). Tenting on the Plains: General Custer in Kansas and Texas. Charles I.Webster & Co, 1887. ISBN 978-1-58218-051-9. http://books.google.com/?id=12kdG7nn6KMC&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- Finerty JF (1890). War-path and bivouac: or, The conquest of the Sioux: a narrative of stirring personal experiences and adventures in the Big Horn and Yellowstone expedition of 1876, and in the campaign on the British border, in 1879. Donohue Brothers. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Finerty. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- Kraft, Louis (2008). "Custer: The Truth Behind the Silver Screen Myth". American History (Feb): 26–33.
- Newsom TM (2007). History: Thrilling scenes among the Indians. With a graphic description of Custer's last fight with Sitting Bull. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-548-62988-8. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?id=History.Newson. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- Victor FF (1877). History: Thrilling scenes among the Indians. With a graphic description of Custer's last fight with Sitting Bull. Columbian book company. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?id=History.Victor. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- Whittaker F (1876). A complete life of Gen. George A. Custer : Major-General of Volunteers; Brevet Major-General, U.S. Army; and Lieutenant-Colonel, Seventh U.S. Cavalry. Sheldon and Company. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Whittaker. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- Donovan, J (2009). A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn – The Last Great Battle of the American West. Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 978-0-316-06747-8. http://books.google.com/?id=ZS2VPwAACAAJ&dq=A+Terrible+Glory:+Custer+and+the+Little+Bighorn.
- Booknotes interview with Louise Barnett on Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Mythic Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer, October 13, 1996.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Custer, George Armstrong |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | United States Army cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1839 |
| Place of birth | New Rumley, Ohio, United States |
| Date of death | June 25, 1876 |
| Place of death | Little Big Horn, Montana, United States |
http://wn.com/George_Armstrong_Custer
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://cs.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://id.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://es.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://ru.wn.com/Кастер, Джордж Армстронг
http://nl.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://pt.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://pl.wn.com/George Custer
http://fr.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
http://de.wn.com/George Armstrong Custer
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Nicolas Coster | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1934-12-03) December 3, 1934 (age 77) London, United Kingdom |
Nicolas Coster (born December 3, 1934) is a British actor, most known for his work in daytime drama and as a character actor on nighttime television series.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Coster was born in London, United Kingdom to an American mother and a father from New Zealand who was a marine commander.[1] In daytime, he first appeared in the NBC soap opera Young Doctor Malone. Later, he created the role of Professor Paul Britton on The Secret Storm, a role that he played in 1964 and from 1967-1968. He played John Eldridge in both the primetime serialized drama Our Private World and later on As the World Turns. He also played Robert Delaney on two shows: Somerset and Another World.
Coster's first appearance on television was on an episode of The U.S. Steel Hour in 1959. Since then, he has racked up more than 80 appearances on three dozen television shows, guest-starring most notably as David Warner, the father of Blair Warner, on the sitcom The Facts of Life. He also spent one season on the NBC comedy Sheriff Lobo.
He returned to daytime television by first recreating his Robert Delaney role on Another World. He later played gangster-turned-informant Anthony Macana on One Life to Live. He then played the role of Lionel Lockridge on a new California-based serial Santa Barbara. He left his role on that show briefly - but long enough to play Steve Andrews on the ABC soap opera All My Children. He returned to act on Santa Barbara but the show was eventually canceled. He returned to play a second role on As the World Turns.
He is also famous for the television commercials that he has made through the years. One famous line that he said first was on a commercial for Geritol, a vitamin tonic: "My wife: I think I'll keep her."
Coster is currently married, with three children (two from a previous marriage to actress Candace Hilligoss).
Coster is also an active Scuba Diving Instructor and with his foundation teach scuba diving and organize sail trips for disabled person[2]
Major Soap Roles[link]
- Mark Steele, Young Doctor Malone, (1962–1963)
- Paul Britton, The Secret Storm, (1964, 1968–1969)
- Robert Delaney, Another World, (1970)
- Robert Delaney, Somerset, (1970–1972)
- Robert Delaney, Another World, (1972–1976, 1980)
- Anthony Makana, One Life to Live, (1983–1984)
- Lionel Lockridge, Santa Barbara, (1984–1993)
- Robert Delaney, Another World, (1989) [guest-star]
- Eduardo Grimaldi, As the World Turns, (1993–1995)
References[link]
External links[link]
- Nicolas Coster at the Internet Movie Database
- Nicolas Coster at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
- Nicolas Coster and Challenge Foundation
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Coster, Nicolas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | December 3, 1934 |
| Place of birth | London, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Nicolas_Coster
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Костер, Николас
http://nl.wn.com/Nicolas Coster
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Coster
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mary Ure | |
|---|---|
| File:MaryUre.jpg Mary Ure in the film Where Eagles Dare (1968) |
|
| Born | Eileen Mary Ure (1933-02-18)18 February 1933 Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died | 3 April 1975(1975-04-03) (aged 42) London, England |
| Years active | 1955–1974 |
| Spouse | John Osborne (1957–1963) Robert Shaw (1963–1975) |
Eileen Mary Ure (18 February 1933 – 3 April 1975) was a Scottish actress of stage and film.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Glasgow where she studied at the school of drama, Ure was the daughter of civil engineer Colin McGregor Ure and Edith Swinburne. She went to the independent Mount School in York and trained for the stage at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. Known for her beauty, Ure began performing on the London stage and quickly developed a reputation for her abilities as a dramatic actress.
Stage career[link]
While performing a leading role in John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956) she began a relationship with the married dramatist; after he obtained a divorce they married in 1957. In 1958, she was in the Broadway production of Look Back in Anger and earned a Tony Award nomination for best dramatic actress. In the 1959 film version, Ure reprised her role with Richard Burton as Jimmy Porter. But her marriage to the womanizing John Osborne was already in difficulty and in 1959 she began an affair with actor Robert Shaw while they co-starred in The Changeling at London's Royal Court Theatre. She gave birth to a son, naming him Colin Murray Osborne despite his physical resemblance to Shaw. She married Shaw on 13 April 1963 and as a married couple Shaw legally adopted Colin who then became Colin Murray Shaw.[1] The couple went on to have three more children.
Films[link]
In 1960 she appeared in the film Sons and Lovers and was nominated for both the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1960 she took time off to begin a family, returning to motion pictures in the 1962 sci-fi drama The Mind Benders starring Dirk Bogarde in which she provided a wonderfully layered performance. In 1967 Ure appeared in a film with her husband Robert Shaw. The following year she was cast with Richard Burton and Clint Eastwood in the box office success Where Eagles Dare. Then in 1968 she appeared with Shaw as his wife in Custer of the West.
Ure did not return to film for another five years, although she did perform on stage. However her personal life was in turmoil and her growing alcoholism affected her career to the point that she was fired from the 1974 pre-Broadway production of Love for Love and was replaced by her understudy Glenn Close.
Decline and death[link]
Despite her professional successes, and her ostensibly happy motherhood, Ure's mental health deteriorated.[2]
On 2 April 1975 she appeared on the London stage with Honor Blackman and Brian Blessed in The Exorcism, and, after a disastrous opening night, she was found dead of an overdose of alcohol and barbiturate, by her husband Robert Shaw in their London home. She was 42 years old.[3]
Plays (partial list)[link]
- Time Remembered (1954) (London)
- Hamlet (1955) (Stratford)
- A View from the Bridge (1956) (London)
- Look Back in Anger (1957) (London & Broadway)
- A Midsummer Night's Dream (1959) (Stratford)
- Othello (1959) (Stratford)
- Duel of Angels (1960) (London & Broadway)
- The Changeling (1961) (London)
- Old Times (1971) (Broadway)
- Love for Love (1974) (Broadway)
- The Exorcism (1975) (London)
Films[link]
- Storm Over the Nile (1955)
- Windom's Way (1957)
- Look Back in Anger (1958)
- Sons and Lovers (1960)
- The Mind Benders (1963)
- The Luck of Ginger Coffey (1964)
- Custer of the West (1967)
- Where Eagles Dare (1968)
- A Reflection of Fear (1973)
Footnotes[link]
Major sources[link]
- Heilpern, John (2006). John Osborne: A Patriot for Us. Chatto & Windus. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-7011-6780-7|978-0-7011-6780-7]].
- Upton, Julian (2004). Fallen Stars. Critical Vision.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ure, Mary |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 18 February 1933 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | 3 April 1975 |
| Place of death | London, England |
http://wn.com/Mary_Ure
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Юр, Мэри
http://fr.wn.com/Mary Ure
http://de.wn.com/Mary Ure
http://it.wn.com/Mary Ure
http://pl.wn.com/Mary Ure
http://es.wn.com/Mary Ure
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ure
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ty Hardin | |
|---|---|
 Hardin as Bronco Layne, 1962. |
|
| Born | Orison Whipple Hungerford Jr. (1930-01-01) January 1, 1930 (age 82) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Years active | 1958-present |
| Spouse |
Caroline Hardin (2007-present) Marlene Schmidt (1962-1965) (divorced) 1 child Andra Martin (1958-1961) (divorced) 2 children Nancy Hardin (1952-?) (divorced) 2 children |
Ty Hardin, born Orison Whipple Hungerford, Jr., (born January 1, 1930), is a former American actor best known as the star of the 1950s ABC western television series Bronco.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Hardin was reared in Texas and attended Lamar High School in Houston. He served in the U.S. Army in the Korean War, was commissioned from Officer Candidate School, and became a pilot of O-1 Bird Dog liaison aircraft.[1] After his return from service, he began taking college courses at Texas A&M University in College Station.
Working as an engineer in California, Hardin was planning to attend a costume party as a cowboy and heard that the Western Costume company on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood rented out stage weapons. While there, he was discovered by a Paramount Pictures talent scout.[1] By 1957, Hardin acquired the services of agent Henry Willson and made his way to Hollywood where he was put under contract by Paramount. Initially billed as "Ty Hungerford," he made minor appearances in several Paramount films such as I Married a Monster from Outer Space, The Space Children and Last Train from Gun Hill. The "Ty" came from a childhood nickname of "Typhoon".[2]
Warner Brothers years[link]
Hardin stated that he had tried for a role in Rio Bravo that he did not know had been promised to Ricky Nelson. John Wayne reportedly saw him and was impressed by his appearance.[3] Wayne introduced him to Howard Hawks and William T. Orr of Warner Bros. Television who changed his stage surname to "Hardin" after gunfighter John Wesley Hardin.[1]
When Clint Walker walked out on his ABC series Cheyenne in 1958 during a contract dispute with Warner Bros., Ty Hardin got his big break. Warner Bros. bought out Hardin's Paramount contract and installed him as Cheyenne's country cousin Bronco Layne for one season. Walker and Warner Bros. came to terms after the season ended, but Hardin had been such a big hit that the studio gave him his own series, Bronco. Since it was difficult to produce an hour-long western every week in which the star appeared in every episode and virtually every scene (whereas a series like Bonanza or Maverick would feature one or another of the main characters in a given episode and could thus be filmed weekly), Bronco alternated weeks with Sugarfoot; Bronco ran from 1958-62. Hardin soon found himself in leading roles in Warner Brothers films such as Merrill's Marauders, Palm Springs Weekend, The Chapman Report and PT 109.
International films[link]
Like many American actors, Hardin travelled to Europe where he made several spaghetti westerns though he turned down the lead of A Fistful of Dollars.[1] He then appeared in Cinerama epic films such as Battle of the Bulge and Custer of the West.
Later Hardin starred in a 1967-68 Australian television series Riptide [4] where he sponsored an Australian motorcycle racing team and a 1970 German television series called On the Trail of Johnny Hilling, Boor and Billy which was immensely successful in West Germany.
Political career[link]
In the 1980s, Ty Hardin organized a militia group in Prescott, Arizona, known as the Arizona Patriots. He formed the Common Law Institute which taught that the sovereignty of the people was supreme and sovereign citizens were not bound by any rules or regulations of the government.[citation needed] He published a monthly tabloid called the Arizona Patriot which printed anti-United States government articles. The Federal Reserve System and the Internal Revenue Service were among targets the group felt should be abolished.[citation needed] As the group advocated stockpiling weapons and ammunition to protect the people from government, an FBI investigation was triggered which lasted for two years. As a result, federal agents raided a Patriot camp confiscating a cache of weapons and several members of the group were arrested for conspiracy against the U.S. government. Hardin left Arizona soon after and the group ceased to function. Hardin fled to Costa Rica, a country with no active extradition treaties and reportedly had become involved with the local ecology and rain forest movements.[citation needed] He has since returned to the United States.
Personal life[link]
From 1962 to 1966 Hardin was married to the 1961 Miss Universe, German beauty queen Marlene Schmidt, who later involved herself in the movie industry; they had one daughter. As of 2009, Hardin lives with his eighth wife in Huntington Beach, California; he has 10 children.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d All About Ty Hardin website
- ^ Brode, Douglas Shooting Stars of the Small Screen 2009 University of Texas Press, p.163
- ^ Ty Hardin fansite
- ^ Riptide website
External links[link]
- The Official Ty Hardin Website
- Ty Hardin at the Internet Movie Database
- Ty Hardin at Brian's Drive-In Theater
- Ty Hardin interview with Joe Krein
- Riptide Australian TV series
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hardin, Ty |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | January 1, 1930 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ty_Hardin
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ty Hardin
http://de.wn.com/Ty Hardin
http://it.wn.com/Ty Hardin
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty_Hardin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Ken Howard (disambiguation).
| Ken Howard | |
|---|---|
| File:Ken Howard In 1776.jpg Howard, far left, with Howard Da Silva and William Daniels in 1776. Howard played Thomas Jefferson in the film after originating the role in the 1969 Broadway production. |
|
| Born | Kenneth Joseph Howard, Jr. (1944-03-28) March 28, 1944 (age 68) El Centro, California |
| Years active | 1966–present |
Kenneth Joseph "Ken" Howard, Jr. (born March 28, 1944) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Thomas Jefferson in 1776 and as basketball coach and former Chicago Bulls player Ken Reeves in the television show The White Shadow. He was elected president of the Screen Actors Guild in September 2009[1] and elected to a second term in September 2011.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Howard was born in El Centro, California, the son of Martha Carey (née McDonald) and Kenneth Joseph Howard, Sr.,[3] the older of their two sons. His younger brother, the late Don Howard, was also an actor. He stands approximately 6'6" (1.98 m) which in high school earned him the nickname "Stork."
He grew up in the Long Island, New York community of Manhasset.[4] Howard had basketball in his blood well before The White Shadow debuted. The nickname "The White Shadow" was given to him by the Long Island press in 1961, as Howard was the only Caucasian starter on the Manhasset High School varsity basketball team.
A member of the National Honor Society in high school, Howard turned down several offers of basketball scholarships in favor of a more focused academic education. He is a graduate of Amherst College, where he served as captain of the basketball team.[5] He was also a member of the a cappella singing group, "The Zumbyes." He attended Yale School of Drama but left to make his Broadway debut before completing his master's degree.[6]
Career[link]
Theater[link]
Howard began his career on Broadway in Promises, Promises with Jerry Orbach. In 1970, he won a Tony Award as Best Supporting or Featured Actor (Dramatic) for Child's Play. Howard later starred on Broadway as Thomas Jefferson in 1776 and reprised the role in the 1972 film. Other Broadway appearances include the Seesaw in 1973 andThe Norman Conquests. Howard portrayed several US presidents in the 1975 Broadway musical 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and in 1976, appeared as Warren G. Harding in Camping with Henry and Tom in 1995.[7] He has appeared in legitimate theater in many cities, most recently as Tip O'Neill in a one-man show According to Tip, at the New Repertory Theatre in Watertown, Massachusetts.[8]
Television[link]
On television, he appeared as Ken Reeves, a Los Angeles high school basketball coach, in The White Shadow, produced by Bruce Paltrow in 1978. (The nickname was given to him in 1961 by the Long Island press when he was the only Caucasian starter on the Manhasset High School varsity basketball team.) Howard had the starring role in the 1973 TV series Adam's Rib opposite his good friend, Blythe Danner. He starred in The Manhunter, an American crime drama that was part of CBS's lineup for the 1974-1975 television season. The series was produced by Quinn Martin and starred Howard as Dave Barret, a 1930s-era private investigator from Idaho. He starred in the TV movie Father Damien in 1980 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1981 for his performance as the ideal father in the CBS afternoon special The Body Human: Facts for Boys. Additional credits include "Sidney Sheldon's Rage of Angels, 1983," the 2000 miniseries Perfect Murder, Perfect Town and the feature film Dreamer: Inspired by a True Story, both co-starring Kris Kristofferson. He played the title character in the 1984 American Playhouse production of Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson, having earlier played Mark Twain on Bonanza. Later, he appeared as Garrett Boydston in Dynasty and its spin-off The Colbys. In the early 1990s, he was a regular on the television series Murder, She Wrote as guest sleuth with Angela Lansbury, and later in Crossing Jordan as Jill Hennessy's father from 2001-2004. In 2007, he appeared as the primary villain in the critically acclaimed series Cane with Jimmy Smits.
He has guest-starred on numerous television dramas. He was guest villain in Hart to Hart Returns, a 1993 made for TV movie starring Stefanie Powers and Robert Wagner. Howard appeared in season one of The West Wing as President Bartlett's first choice for U.S. Supreme Court Justice in the episode "The Short List". Other dramatic guest roles include: NYPD Blue, The Practice, Boston Legal, Cold Case, Dirty Sexy Money, Eli Stone, Brothers and Sisters, Law & Order: SVU, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Fairly Legal, The Closer. He appeared in an episode of The Golden Girls as one of Blanche's many lovers, in The Office as Michael's former boss, and in 30 Rock as Jack Donaghy's boss.
Film[link]
He made his movie debut in 1970 in Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon opposite Liza Minnelli. He has appeared in numerous movies since, in both dramatic and comedy roles, including: Oscar with Sylvester Stallone in 1991, Clear and Present Danger with Harrison Ford in 1994, and The Net with Sandra Bullock in 1995, In Her Shoes in 2005. In 2007, Howard appeared in Rambo again with Sylvester Stallone, and Michael Clayton as the villain to George Clooney's hero. In 2010, he starred in The Numbers Game with Steven Bauer. He next appeared as Harlan F. Stone in Clint Eastwood's J. Edgar.
He gave an acclaimed performance as Phelan Beale in the 2009 HBO film Grey Gardens playing opposite Jessica Lange, for which he received an Emmy Award.[9]
Literature[link]
Howard is the author of the 2003 book Act Natural: How to Speak to Any Audience,[10] based on the drama courses he has taught at Harvard University. He is a popular reader for audiobooks.
Personal life[link]
He has been married to Linda Fetters, a stuntwoman, since 1992 and they reside in the Los Angeles, California area. From 1977 to 1991, he was married to Margo Coleman, known professionally as Margo Howard, the daughter of Ann Landers. From 1973 to 1976, he was married to TV soap opera actress, Louise Sorel. The marriage ended in divorce.
Howard is very active and supportive of the National Kidney Foundation, serving as its Chancellor.[11] He had a kidney transplant in 2000.
Ken Howard is the owner of two popular restaurants in the Boston area, Rustic Kitchen and Mario's Place.
Stage productions[link]
- Promises, Promises - 1968
- 1776 - 1969 (1969 Theatre World Award)
- Child's Play - 1970 (1970 Tony Award Best Featured Actor in a Play)
- Seesaw - 1973
- The Norman Conquests: Living Together - 1975
- The Norman Conquests: Round and Round the Garden - 1975
- The Norman Conquests: Table Manners - 1975
- Little Black Sheep - 1975
- Equus - 1976 (National Company)
- 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue- 1976
- Rumors - 1988
- Camping with Henry and Tom - 1995
- In the Moonlight Eddie - 1996
- According to Tip - 2007
Filmography[link]
- Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon - 1970
- Such Good Friends - 1971
- 1776 - 1972
- The Strange Vengeance of Rosalie - 1972
- The Court Martial of George Armstrong Custer - 1977
- Father Damien: The Leper Priest - 1980
- Victims - 1982
- The Country Girl - 1982
- Rage of Angels - 1983
- Second Thoughts - 1983
- The Thornbirds - 1983
- Pudd'nhead Wilson - 1984
- Rage of Angels: The Story Continues - 1986
- The Man in the Brown Suit - 1988
- Strange Interlude - 1990
- Oscar - 1991
- Murder in New Hampshire - 1991
- Mastergate - 1992
- Ulterior Motives - 1993
- Clear and Present Danger - 1994
- The Net - 1995
- Tactical Assault - 1999
- At First Sight - 1999
- A Vow To Cherish - 1999
- Perfect Murder, Perfect Town: JonBenet and the City of Boulder - 2000
- Double Dare - 2005
- Dreamer: Inspired By A True Story - 2005
- In Her Shoes - 2005
- Arc - 2006
- Michael Clayton - 2007
- Sacrifices of the Heart - 2007
- Rambo - 2008
- Grey Gardens - 2009 (Won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.)
- The Numbers Game - 2010
- J. Edgar - 2011
References[link]
- ^ "Ken Howard Elected as Screen Actors Guild President; Amy Aquino Elected as Secretary-Treasurer" (Press release). Screen Actors Guild. 24 September 2009. http://www.sag.org/press-releases/september-24-2009/ken-howard-elected-as-screen-actors-guild-presidentamy-aquino-elect. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ Joshua L. Weinstein (22 September 2011). "Ken Howard Re-Elected President of SAG". The Wrap (Reuters). http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/22/idUS49914844420110922. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Ken Howard Biography (1944-)". Film Reference Library. http://www.filmreference.com/film/15/Ken-Howard.html. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ Alex Tarshis (10 November 2005). "Hanging Out in the NBA TV Green Room With ... Ken Howard". NBA.com. http://www.nba.com/features/greenroom_051110.html?rss=true. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "Ken Howard". starpulse.com. http://www.starpulse.com/Actors/Howard,_Ken/. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Ken Howard". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). http://movies.nytimes.com/person/94977/Ken-Howard/biography. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Plays—Camping with Henry and Tom". Markstgermain.com. http://markstgermain.com/plays.html. Retrieved 2012-12-07.
- ^ Sam Allis (15 June 2008). "A new one-man show about late House speaker O'Neill seeks a broad-based constituency". The Boston Globe (Boston.com). http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2008/06/14/tipping_point/?page=1. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ Tom O'Neill (20 September 2009). "Biggest Emmy surprises: Ken Howard, Cherry Jones and . . . ?". Los Angeles Times (LATimes.com). http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/09/biggest-emmy-surprises-ken-howard-cherry-jones-and-.html. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Ken Howard". Screen Actors Guild. http://www.sag.org/ken-howard. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Spokespeople". National Kidney Foundation, Inc.. http://www.kidney.org/transplantation/athletics/06games/news/spokespeople.cfm. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
External links[link]
- Ken Howard at the Internet Broadway Database
- Ken Howard at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Ken Howard at the Internet Movie Database
- Variety Profile
- Rustic Kitchen
- National Kidney Foundation
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Howard, Ken |
| Alternative names | Jr., Kenneth Joseph Howard |
| Short description | Actor |
| Date of birth | 1944-3-28 |
| Place of birth | El Centro, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ken_Howard
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ken Howard (acteur)
http://nl.wn.com/Ken Howard (acteur)
http://pt.wn.com/Ken Howard (ator)
http://de.wn.com/Ken Howard
http://it.wn.com/Ken Howard
http://pl.wn.com/Ken Howard
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Howard
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
