• Academic conference
• Agnosticism
• Ahl-e Haqq
• Anglicanism
• Animal sacrifice
• Animism
• Apostasy
• Arnold van Gennep
• Atheism
• Ayahuasca
• Ayyavazhi
• Bahá'í Faith
• Battle trance
• Bronisław Malinowski
• Buddhism
• Burial
• Bön
• Calendar
• Cao Dai
• Category Religion
• Catholicism
• Celtic polytheism
• Ceremony
• Cheondoism
• Christianity
• Christmas
• Civil religion
• Clergy
• Codex Mendoza
• Collective identity
• Community
• Comparative religion
• Confucianism
• Conservative Judaism
• Coronation
• Cult (religion)
• Cultural universals
• Dance
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• Deism
• Deity
• Destiny
• Discordianism
• Divination
• Drink
• Druze
• East Asian religions
• Eckankar
• Emic
• Erik Erikson
• Eschatology
• Eternity
• Etic
• Evangelism
• Faith
• Finnish paganism
• Fire worship
• Food
• Freedom of religion
• Frits Staal
• Fundamentalism
• Germanic paganism
• Gnosticism
• God
• Golden Age
• Gurung Dharma
• Habituation
• Halloween
• Handshake
• Hello
• Hinduism
• History of religions
• Hoa Hao
• Hominid
• Human sacrifice
• I-Kuan Tao
• Indian religions
• Indigenous religion
• Iranian religions
• Irreligion
• Islam
• Jainism
• Javanese beliefs
• Jonathan Z. Smith
• Joseph Jordania
• Judaism
• Jury trial
• Karaite Judaism
• Kowtow
• LaVeyan Satanism
• List of deities
• Liturgy
• Mahayana
• Mandaeism
• Manichaeism
• Mary Douglas
• Mazdak
• Meditation
• Minority religion
• Missionary
• Mithraic mysteries
• Monasticism
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• Mormonism
• Music
• Mysticism
• Myth and ritual
• National church
• Nature worship
• Neopaganism
• Neoplatonism
• Neurotheology
• New Age
• New Thought
• Noble Eightfold Path
• Nontheism
• Nun
• Oaths of allegiance
• Ordination
• Orthodox Judaism
• Orthodoxy
• Orthopraxy
• Outline of religion
• Paleolithic religion
• Panagiotis Roilos
• Panentheism
• Pantheism
• Philippine mythology
• Polynesian mythology
• Polytheism
• Portal Religion
• Prayer
• Prehistoric religion
• Processional walkway
• Prophecy
• Proselytism
• Protestanism
• Psychoactive drug
• Psychology
• Purity and danger
• Rastafari movement
• Ravidassia religion
• Raëlism
• Reform Judaism
• Religion
• Religious behaviour
• Religious belief
• Religious community
• Religious conversion
• Religious education
• Religious fanaticism
• Religious pluralism
• Religious studies
• Religious symbolism
• Religious terrorism
• Religious violence
• Religious war
• Reverence (emotion)
• Rite
• Rite of passage
• Ritual
• Ritual purification
• Ritual suicide
• Ritualism
• Ritualization
• Roy Rappaport
• Sacrament
• Sacrifice
• Samaritan
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• Scientology
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• Secularism
• Secularization
• Seicho-no-Ie
• Sexual ritual
• Shaivism
• Shaktism
• Shamanism
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• Shinto
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• Singing
• Slavic mythology
• Smartism
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• Sotapanna
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• State religion
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• Sunni Islam
• Supernatural
• Superstition
• Symbol
• Symbolic boundaries
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• Taoism
• Tenrikyo
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• Theravada
• Time
• Timeline of religion
• Toleration
• Tradition
• Transtheistic
• Unification Church
• Universalism
• Upper Amazon
• Urarina
• Vaishnavism
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• Victor Turner
• Water and religion
• Wealth and religion
• Wicca
• Women and religion
• Worship
• Yazidi
• Zen
• Zoroastrianism
• Zurvanism
• Émile Durkheim
• 
  

• 
  Arnold van Gennep
  Arnold van Gennep (23 April 1873 – 7 May 1957) was a noted French ethnographer and folklorist.
  He was born in Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Württemberg. At the age of six his parents divorced and he and his mother moved to France where she later married a French doctor who moved the family to Savoy.
  Van Gennep is best known for his work regarding rites of passage ceremonies and his significant works in modern French folklore. He is recognised as the founder of folklore studies in France.
  He went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne, but was disappointed that the school did not offer the subjects he wanted. So he enrolled at the Ecole des langues orientales to study Arabic and at the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes for philology, general linguistics, Egyptology, Ancient Arabic, primitive religions, and Islamic culture. This scholarly independence would manifest itself for the remainder of his life. He never held an academic position in France.
  From 1912 to 1915 he held the Chair of Ethnography at the University of Neuchatel in Switzerland but was expelled for expressing doubts about the neutrality of Switzerland during World War I. There he reorganized the museum and organized the first ethnographical conference (1914). In 1922 he toured the United States.
  
  wn.com/Arnold_van_Gennep
• 
  Bronisław Malinowski
  Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (Polish: [ˌmaliˈnɔfski]; 1884–1942) was a Polish-born- British-naturalized anthropologist, one of the most important 20th-century anthropologists.
  From 1910, Malinowski studied exchange and economics at the London School of Economics under Seligman and Westermarck, analysing patterns of exchange in aboriginal Australia through ethnographic documents. In 1914 he was given a chance to travel to New Guinea accompanying anthropologist R. R. Marett, but as war broke out and Malinowski was an Austrian subject, and thereby an enemy of the British commonwealth, he was unable to travel back to England. The Australian government nonetheless provided him with permission and funds to undertake ethnographic work within their territories and Malinowski chose to go to the Trobriand Islands, in Melanesia where he stayed for several years, studying the indigenous culture. Upon his return to England after the war he published his main work Argonauts of the Western Pacific which established him as one of the most important anthropologists in Europe of that time. He took posts as lecturer and later as a chair in Anthropology at the LSE, attracting large numbers of students and exerting great influence on the development of British Social Anthropology. Among his students in this period were such prominent anthropologists as Raymond Firth, E.E. Evans-Pritchard, Hortense Powdermaker, Edmund Leach and Meyer Fortes. From 1933 he visited several American universities and when the second World War broke out he decided to stay there, taking an appointment at Yale. Here he stayed the remainder of his life, also influencing a generation of American anthropologists.
  
  wn.com/Bronisław_Malinowski
• 
  Erik Erikson
  Erik Erikson (15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted American sociologist.
  Although Erikson lacked even a bachelor's degree, he served as a professor of prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale.
  Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his childhood. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several years. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen. There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik. It is also suggested that he was married at the time that Erikson was conceived.^{[citation needed]} Following her son's birth, Karla trained to be a nurse, moved to Karlsruhe and in 1905, married a Jewish pediatrician, Theodor Homburger. In 1908, Erik Salomonsen became Erik Homburger and in 1911 he was officially adopted by his stepfather.
  
  wn.com/Erik_Erikson
• Frits Staal
  Johan Frederik (Frits) Staal (November 3, 1930 – February 19, 2012) was Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and South & Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.
  Staal was born in Amsterdam, the son of the architect Jan Frederik Staal, and studied mathematics, physics and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. He continued with Indian philosophy and Sanskrit at Madras and Banaras. Staal was Professor of General and Comparative Philosophy in Amsterdam, 1962–67. He became Professor of Philosophy and South Asian Languages at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1968, and he retired in 1991.
  
  wn.com/Frits_Staal
• Joseph Jordania
  Joseph Jordania (born February 12, 1954 in Tbilisi, Georgia, former Soviet Union) is an Australian-Georgian ethnomusicologist and evolutionary musicologist. In some early publications his name was spelled as Zhordania. He is a Honorary Fellow of the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music at the University of Melbourne, Professor, Head of the Foreign Department of the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony at Tbilisi State Conservatory, and is known for his model of the origins of human choral singing in the wide context of human evolution. He was one of founders of the International Research Centre for Traditional Polyphony in Georgia. From 1995 he lives in Australia, maintaining close professional contacts with his native Georgia and the polyphonic centre.
  
  wn.com/Joseph_Jordania
• 
  Manichaeism
  Manichaeism ( /ˈmænɨkiːɪzəm/; in Modern Persian آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móní Jiào) was a major gnostic religion, originating in Sassanid era Babylonia. Although most of the original writings of the founding prophet Mani (in Persian: مانی, Syriac: ܡܐܢܝ, Latin: Manichaeus or Manes) (c. 216–276 CE) have been lost, numerous translations and fragmentary texts have survived.
  Manichaeism taught an elaborate cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness. Through an ongoing process which takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light from which it came. Its beliefs, based on local Mesopotamian gnostic and religious movements, contained elements of Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.
  Manichaeism thrived between the third and seventh centuries, and at its height was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. It was widespread among the legions of the Roman Empire, who considered it a soldier's religion, and it was briefly the main rival to Christianity in the competition to replace classical paganism. Manichaeism survived longer in the East than in the West, and it appears to have finally faded away after the 14th century in southern China, contemporary to the decline in China of the Church of the East – see Ming Dynasty.
  
  wn.com/Manichaeism
• Mary Douglas
  Dame Mary Douglas, DBE, FBA (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism.
  Her area was social anthropology; she was considered a follower of Émile Durkheim and a proponent of structuralist analysis, with a strong interest in comparative religion.
  She was born as Margaret Mary Tew in San Remo, Italy to Gilbert and Phyllis (née Twomey) Tew. Her father was in the British colonial service. Her mother was a devout Roman Catholic, and Mary and her younger sister, Patricia, were raised in that faith. After their mother's death, the sisters were raised by their maternal grandparents and attended the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Convent in Roehampton. Mary went on to study at St Anne's College, Oxford from 1939 to 1943; there she was influenced by E. E. Evans-Pritchard.
  She worked in the British Colonial Office until 1947, when she returned to Oxford to take up graduate study she had left. She studied with M. N. Srinivas as well as Edward Evans-Pritchard. In 1949, she did field work with the Lele people in what was then the Belgian Congo; this took her to village life in the region between the Kasai River and the Loange River, where the Lele lived on the edge of the previous Kuba Kingdom.
  
  wn.com/Mary_Douglas
• Mazdak
  Mazdak (in Persian مزدک) (died c. 524 or 528) was a proto-socialistPersian reformer and religious activist who gained influence under the reign of the Sassanian Shahanshah Kavadh I. He claimed to be a prophet of God, and instituted communal possessions and social welfare programs.
  Mazdak was the chief representative of a religious and philosophical teaching called Mazdakism, which he viewed as a reformed and purified version of Zoroastrianism, although his teaching has been argued to display influences from Manichaeism as well. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion of Sassanid Persia, and Mazdak himself was a Zoroastrian priest, or mobed, but most of the Zoroastrian clergy regarded his teaching as a heresy. Information about it is scarce and little is known beyond what is listed below; some further details may be inferred from the later doctrine of Khurramism, which has been seen as a continuation of Mazdakism.
  Some sources claim that the original founders of this sect lived earlier than Mazdak. These were another mobed named Zardusht (of the same name, but not the same person as the founder of Zoroastrianism) and/or a Zoroastrian philosopher known as Mazdak the Elder, who taught a combination of altruism and hedonism: "he directed his followers to enjoy the pleasures of life and satisfy their appetite in the highest degree with regard to eating and drinking in the spirit of equality,to aim at good deeds; to abstain from shedding blood and inflicting harm on others; and to practice hospitality without reservation". This doctrine was further developed by the best known Mazdak, Mazdak the Younger, son of Bāmdād. At later stages the opposition to Mazdak blamed them for heresy and sharing women etc. which is not true. They are considered to be the first real socialists of human history who emphasized the community work and benefits for all.
  
  wn.com/Mazdak
• Roy Rappaport
  Roy A. Rappaport (1926–1997) was a distinguished anthropologist known for his contributions to the anthropological study of ritual and to ecological anthropology.
  Rappaport received his Ph.D. at Columbia University and then held a position at the University of Michigan. One of his publications, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People (1968), is an ecological account of ritual among the Tsembaga Maring of New Guinea. This book is often considered the most influential and most cited work in ecological anthropology (see McGee and Warms 2004). In that book, and elaborated elsewhere, Rappaport coined the distinction between a people's cognized environment and their operational environment, that is between how a people understand the effects of their actions in the world and how an anthropologist interprets the environment through measurement and observation.
  Rappaport was known for paying attention to small details during his fieldwork. Acknowledging the small rituals that were held by the culture he was studying proved to be complementary to his work. He was able to see things others had overlooked by simply paying attention to a culture's norm. With all that Rappaport contributed, his simplicity started the foundation for ethnography in the future. His work demonstrates the correlation between a culture and its economy, which shapes not only status relations but also a way of life.
  
  wn.com/Roy_Rappaport
• Victor Turner
  Victor Witter Turner (May 28, 1920 – December 18, 1983) was a British cultural anthropologist best known for his work on symbols, rituals and rites of passage. His work, along with that of Clifford Geertz and others, is often referred to as symbolic and interpretive anthropology.
  Victor Turner was born in Glasgow, Scotland, son to Norman and Violet Turner. His father was an electrical engineer and his mother a repertory actress who founded the Scottish National Players. Turner initially studied poetry and classics at the University College London. In 1941, Turner was drafted into World War II, and served as a noncombatant until 1944. During his three years of service he met and married Edith Turner. He returned to University College in 1946 with a new focus on anthropology. He later pursued graduate studies in anthropology at Manchester University.
  Turner worked as research officer for the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute. It was through the position that Turner started his lifelong study of the Ndembu tribe of Zambia. He completed his PhD in 1955. Like many of the Manchester anthropologists of his time, he also became concerned with conflict, and created the new concept of social drama in order to account for the symbolism of conflict and crisis resolution among Ndembu villagers. Turner spent his career exploring rituals. As a professor at the University of Chicago, Turner began to apply his study of rituals and rites of passage to world religions and the lives of religious heroes.
  
  wn.com/Victor_Turner
• 
  Yazidi
  The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: ئێزیدی or Êzidî) are a Kurdish ethnoreligious group with Indo-Iranian roots. They currently live primarily in the Nineveh Province of northern Iraq. Additional communities in Transcaucasia, Armenia, Turkey, and Syria have been in decline since the 1990s, their members having emigrated to Europe, especially to Germany. Their religion, Yazidism, is a branch of Yazdânism, and is seen as a highly syncretic complex of local Kurdish beliefs that contains Zoroastrian elements and Islamic Sufi doctrine introduced to the area by Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir in the 12th century. The Yazidi believe in God as creator of the world, which he placed under the care of seven holy beings or angels, the chief of whom is Melek Taus, the Peacock Angel.
  Historically, the Yazidi lived primarily in communities in what are now Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, and also had significant numbers in Armenia and Georgia. However, events since the 20th century have resulted in considerable demographic shift in these areas as well as mass emigration. As a result population estimates are unclear in many regions, and estimates of the size of the total population vary.
  
  wn.com/Yazidi
• 
  Émile Durkheim
  David Émile Durkheim (French pronunciation: [emil dyʁˈkɛm], [dyʁˈkajm]) (April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist. He formally established the academic discipline and, with Karl Marx and Max Weber, is commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology.
  Much of Durkheim's work was concerned with how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in modernity; an era in which traditional social and religious ties are no longer assumed, and in which new social institutions have come into being. His first major sociological work was The Division of Labor in Society (1893). In 1895, he published his Rules of the Sociological Method and set up the first European department of sociology, becoming France's first professor of sociology. In 1898, he established the journal L'Année Sociologique. Durkheim's seminal monograph, Suicide (1897), a study of suicide rates amongst Catholic and Protestant populations, pioneered modern social research and served to distinguish social science from psychology and political philosophy. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912), presented a theory of religion, comparing the social and cultural lives of aboriginal and modern societies.
  
  wn.com/Émile_Durkheim

Ritual (2012)

Genres

• Horror

Taglines:

Quotes:

• Shiver
• Nation of Flies
• Somewhere in the Rain
• Guilt Will Get You Anyway
• The City Lies in Quiet Sleep
• Clouds
• The Ghost in You
• The Disease in Me
• Aging Flesh and Bone
• Black See

• Naisha
• Kiss of the Nile
• Come to the Ritual
• Gypsy
• The Enchanted Princess
• Burning
• Winds of Fire
• Lady Night
• Morning Star
• Possessed
• Never Look Back
• Children of the Night

• The Hemulic Voluntary Band
• In the Wild
• Late in November
• The Groke
• Waiting by the Bridge
• A Dangerous Journey

• Vision Quest
• What Are You Waiting For
• Typhoons Decide
• Really Something
• Moomin Took My Head
• Infinite Justice
• Humble Decision
• Once the Tree Would Bloom
• Did I Go Wrong
• Think Like a Mountain
• Solitary Man

• Do You Want to See the Sun?
• Lobby
• Sadly Unspoken
• Did I Go Wrong
• 6/8
• Coming Home
• Into the Heat
• Really Something
• Mothersong
• Golden Angel
• Dinosaur Spaceship
• A Voice of Divinity

• Wingspread
• The Way of Things
• Typhoons Decide
• A Little More Like Me
• Solitary Man
• Life Has Just Begun
• Dependence Day
• Seasong for the Moominpappa
• You Can Never Tell
• Big Black Secret
• Power Place

• What Are You Waiting For
• Humble Decision
• Explosive Paste
• Once the Tree Would Bloom
• Mother You've Been Gone for Much Too Long
• Think Like a Mountain
• Moomin Took My Head
• Infinite Justice
• On
• Shamanarama
• Breathing
• Off

• Dinosaur Spaceship
• Golden Angel
• Coming Home
• Really Something
• Lobby
• 6/8
• Into the Heat
• Sadly Unspoken
• Did I Go Wrong
• Mothersong
• A Voice of Divinity
• Do You Want to See the Sun

• Where the Rivers Run Blood
• Infernal Whirlwinds
• Nuclear Crucifixion
• Undying
• Where Witches and Warlocks Gather
• Dark Emptiness
• Heathen Holy War
• Alone
• Stalking the Christian God

• Moonstone
• Case of Truth
• Delusion
• Hate
• Desire
• In Nomine...
• Ritual

• The Dead in Disguise
• Stone and Glass
• If There's a Hell, We're All Going Down
• Wolves

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
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• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001