Stephen Roger "Steve" Bruce (born 31 December 1960) is an English football manager and former player. Born in Corbridge, Northumberland, he was a promising schoolboy footballer but was rejected by a number of professional clubs. He was on the verge of quitting the game altogether when he was offered a trial with Gillingham. Bruce was offered an apprenticeship and went on to play more than 200 games for the club before joining Norwich City in 1984.
In 1987, he moved to Manchester United, with whom he achieved great success, winning the Premier League, FA Cup, Football League Cup and European Cup Winner's Cup. He also became the first English player of the twentieth century to captain a team to The Double. Despite his success on the field, he was never selected to play for the England national team. Commentators and contemporaries have described him as one of the best English players of the 1980s and 1990s never to play for his country at full international level.
Bruce began his managerial career with Sheffield United, and spent short periods of time managing Huddersfield Town, Wigan Athletic and Crystal Palace before joining Birmingham City in 2001. He twice led Birmingham to promotion to the Premier League during his tenure of nearly six years, but resigned in 2007 to begin a second spell as manager of Wigan. At the end of the 2008–09 season he resigned to take over as manager of Sunderland, a post he held until he was dismissed in November 2011.
Bruce was born in Corbridge in Northumberland, the elder of two sons of Joe and Sheenagh Bruce.[1] Although his father was a local, his mother had been born in Bangor in Northern Ireland.[2][3] The family lived in Daisy Hill near Wallsend,[4] and Bruce attended Benfield School.[5]
Bruce, a boyhood fan of Newcastle United, claims to have sneaked into St James' Park without paying to watch the team play, saying "I have always been a Newcastle lad and when I was a kid, I crawled under the turnstiles to get in to try and save a bob or whatever it was. They were my team, I went to support them as a boy and being a Geordie it's in-bred, you follow the club still the same today."[6] Like a number of other future professionals from the area,[7] he played football for Wallsend Boys Club.[6] He was also selected for the Newcastle Schools representative team, and at the age of 13 was among a group of players from the team selected to serve as ball boys at the 1974 Football League Cup final at Wembley Stadium.[8]
Having been turned down by a number of professional clubs, including Newcastle United, Sunderland, Derby County and Southport, Bruce was about to start work as an apprentice plumber at the Swan Hunter dockyard when he was offered a trial by Third Division club Gillingham, whose manager Gerry Summers had seen him playing for Wallsend in an international youth tournament.[9] He travelled down to Kent with another player from the Wallsend club, Peter Beardsley, but although Gillingham signed Bruce as an apprentice, they turned Beardsley away.[10] At the time Bruce was playing as a midfielder, but he was switched to the centre of defence by the head of Gillingham's youth scheme, Bill "Buster" Collins, whom Bruce cites as the single biggest influence on his career.[10][11]
Bruce spent the 1978–79 season in Gillingham's reserve team and, despite playing in defence, scored 18 goals to finish the season as top scorer.[12] In January 1979, he was selected to represent the England Youth team, and he went on to gain eight caps, participating in the 1980 European Under-18 Championship.[13] He came close to making his debut for the club's senior team in May 1979, but Summers decided at the last minute that, as Gillingham were chasing promotion from the Third Division, Bruce was not yet ready to handle the pressure of the occasion.[14] He eventually made his senior debut in a Football League Cup tie against Luton Town on 11 August 1979,[15] and made an immediate impact in the team, winning the club's Player of the Year award at the end of the 1979–80 season.[16] He went on to make more than 200 appearances for the club,[12] and was twice voted into the Professional Footballers' Association's Third Division Team of the Year.[17]
Confident that he was being targeted by clubs from higher divisions, Bruce resolved not to sign a new contract with Gillingham when his existing deal expired at the end of the 1983–84 season.[18] In an April 1983 match against Newport County he attempted, in a moment of anger, to deliberately injure opposition player Tommy Tynan, but connected awkwardly and succeeded only in breaking his own leg, leaving him unable to play again for six months.[19] He returned in time to play a key role in Gillingham achieving two draws against Everton in the FA Cup in 1984, attracting the attention once again of scouts from First Division clubs.[10] Arthur Cox, manager of Bruce's beloved Newcastle United, expressed an interest in signing the player, but resigned from his job before any further action could be taken.[20] Bruce eventually opted to sign for Norwich City in August 1984 for a fee variously reported as £125,000[21] or £135,000.[12] In 2009 he was voted into Gillingham's Hall of Fame.[22]
Bruce during his time with Norwich City
Bruce began the 1984–85 season by scoring an own goal in the first minute of his debut for Norwich against Liverpool,[23] but went on to score the team's winning goal in the semi-final of the Football League Cup against local rivals Ipswich Town,[24] and was named man of the match in Norwich's victory in the final.[25] Bruce was voted Norwich City Player of the Year, but the team was relegated to the Second Division.[26][27] Bruce played in every match as Norwich won promotion back to the top division at the first time of asking in the 1985–86 season,[26][28] after which he was chosen to replace the departing Dave Watson as club captain.[29] The following season he helped the club to its highest ever league finish of fifth position.[30]
In 1987, he was chosen to captain the England B team in a match against the full national team of Malta,[31] but it was to be his only appearance in an England shirt, and he has subsequently been described as one of the best defenders of his era never to be selected for the full England team.[32][33][34] Bruce later stated "I bumped into former England manager Bobby Robson in Benfica (sic). He came up to me and said 'I should have capped you'. It was nice to hear but it still didn't get me one....I'll always be a little disappointed I didn't get one."[35]
Bruce began to attract the attention of big-name clubs in late 1987, with Manchester United, Tottenham Hotspur, Chelsea and Rangers all reported to be interested in signing him.[36] Manchester United quickly emerged as the front runners for his signature, and Bruce publicly expressed his desire to sign for the club.[37] The deal came close to collapsing when Norwich asked for a transfer fee of £900,000 after initially agreeing to accept £800,000,[38] leading to Bruce refusing to play any further matches for the club, which he felt was jeopardising his dream move.[39] On 17 December 1987, however, shortly before his 27th birthday, the deal was finally concluded and Bruce officially left Carrow Road,[38][40] for a fee reported as £800,000[21] or £825,000.[7] Norwich fans remembered his contribution, however, and in 2002 voted him into the Norwich City F.C. Hall of Fame.[41]
Bruce made his Manchester United debut in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth on 19 December 1987,[42] and played in 21 of United's remaining 22 league fixtures,[43] helping the club to a top two place in the First Division for the first time since 1980.[44] The team could only finish in mid-table in the following season, however,[45] prompting manager Alex Ferguson to bring in a number of new players, including Gary Pallister, who joined the club in August 1989 from Middlesbrough.[46] His partnership with Bruce in the centre of defence was described in 2006 by the then-United captain, Gary Neville, as the best in the club's history.[47] Bruce and Pallister were part of the team which won the 1990 FA Cup final against Crystal Palace in a replay.[48]
Following the lifting of the five-year ban on English clubs from European competitions, which had been imposed after the Heysel Stadium Disaster, United became England's first entrants into the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in the 1990–91 season.[49] Bruce played regularly, and scored three goals, in the team's progress to the final against FC Barcelona.[50] He came close to scoring the first goal, only for Mark Hughes to deflect the ball over the line and claim the goal,[51] and United went on to win the game 2–1. This was a particularly high-scoring season for Bruce, who found the net 13 times in the First Division and 19 times in total in all competitions.[50] He also played again at Wembley, in the Football League Cup final, in which United were defeated by Sheffield Wednesday of the Second Division.[52]
Bruce during his time at Manchester United
Bruce missed several weeks of the 1991–92 season when he underwent an operation on a longstanding hernia problem,[53] in which Leeds United, after a season-long tussle, beat the "Red Devils" to the championship by four points.[54] Bruce was, however, able to help United win their first-ever League Cup in April 1992,[55] captaining the team in the final in place of the injured Bryan Robson.[56] Injuries continued to take their toll upon Robson during the 1992–93 season, leading to Bruce captaining the team in the majority of United's matches during the first season of the new Premier League.[35] Bruce scored two late goals in a win over Sheffield Wednesday which proved decisive in United winning the inaugural Premier League title,[57] the first time the club had won the championship of English football since 1967, and he and Robson received the trophy jointly after the home victory over Blackburn Rovers on 3 May.[58]
At the height of his success with United, Bruce was contacted by Jack Charlton, manager of the Republic of Ireland national team, who had discovered that, due to his mother's place of birth, Bruce was eligible to play for Ireland. Bruce states in his autobiography that further investigation revealed that, while his earlier appearance for England B in a friendly match was not an issue, his appearances for the England Youth team in a UEFA-sanctioned tournament prohibited him from playing for the senior team of another country.[59] He has subsequently claimed, however, that he chose not to play for Ireland as it would have caused problems for his club at a time when the Premier League restricted the number of foreign players that a club could include in its team.[2]
United dominated English football in the 1993–94 season, winning a second consecutive Premier League title and then defeating Chelsea in the FA Cup final to become only the fourth team, and Bruce the first English captain, to win The Double in the twentieth century,[60][61][62] The 1994–95 season was a disappointing one for Bruce and United, however, as the club failed in its bid to win a third consecutive Premier League title and lost to Everton in the FA Cup final.[63]
During the following season Bruce was offered the job of manager by three different clubs, but Ferguson refused to allow him to pursue the opportunities as he felt the player still had a role to play in the United team.[64] Bruce made a further 30 Premier League appearances,[42] as United managed to overcome a twelve-point deficit to Newcastle United to win the championship once again.[65] A week later, however, he was left out of United's squad for the FA Cup final, due to a slight injury.[66] At the end of the match Eric Cantona, who had captained the team and scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Liverpool, attempted to persuade Bruce to be the one to receive the trophy, but Bruce declined.[67] Ferguson denied that Bruce's omission was a sign that his time at the club was nearing an end,[68] but Bruce, then 35 years old, believed that he would be unlikely to be selected for the team during the year remaining on his contract.[69] He opted instead to join First Division club Birmingham City on a free transfer, having signed a contract valued at nearly £2 million over two years, which made him one of the highest-paid players in the country.[68]
Bruce was among five former Premier League players signed by Birmingham manager Trevor Francis to add experience to a squad expected to challenge for promotion.[70] He was made captain of the team,[71] but his Birmingham career was dogged by a series of disagreements with Francis.[72][73] Director David Sullivan felt the need to publicly deny rumours that Bruce was lined up to replace Francis as manager after the club's stock market flotation.[74][75] While playing for Birmingham, Bruce was the subject of several bids from his old Manchester United colleague Bryan Robson to sign for Middlesbrough, but the transfer never happened.[76]
The 1997–98 season saw Bruce dropped for the first time in his career, for a match against former club Gillingham, and he described himself as "hurt and unhappy" at being left out.[77][78] By November 1997 he was being left out more frequently, and his omission against Nottingham Forest provoked a public war of words, which fuelled rumours that the manager was to be dismissed and that Bruce would take over as caretaker until the end of the season.[79][80] At the end of the season he accepted the post of player-manager of Sheffield United. Though the deal was delayed while Birmingham attempted to negotiate a transfer fee for his playing contract,[81] he took up his new position on 2 July 1998.[82] He played eleven matches for the club before retiring as a player, his final appearance being in a home match against Sunderland on 28 November 1998.[83]
During the early part of his career, Bruce's sometimes over-enthusiastic playing style, which he later described as "rampaging",[10] caused him disciplinary problems. He later developed into a solid and dependable all-round player, characterised as "an honest trier who made the absolute most of limited natural ability".[84] In his prime he was particularly noted for his calm and deliberate passing of the ball, and his ability to control it under pressure, often with his chest. At the time, Mark Wright of Liverpool was said to be the only other central defender able to match Bruce's level of skill in these areas.[53]
Bruce was also known for his unusually high goalscoring rate for a central defender, resulting from a combination of his ability to powerfully head the ball and his effectiveness in taking penalty kicks.[85] Although lacking poise and grace,[84] and often criticised for his lack of pace,[84][86] his bravery and willingness to take knocks from opposition players made him the "heart" of the defence during his time with Manchester United.[87] He was well known for continuing to play even when injured,[84][88] including returning to the United team at short notice in 1992 even though he was awaiting an operation on a hernia.[53] His indomitable spirit and motivational abilities were deemed vital to the United team,[84] and Alex Ferguson has commented on his "determination and heart".[89]
In his first season as a manager, Bruce guided Sheffield United to eighth place in the First Division, nine points away from a place in the play-offs.[101] He also caused controversy when he attempted to take his team off the pitch during an FA Cup match against Arsenal. Bruce felt that the "Gunners" had broken an unwritten rule of sportsmanship by failing to return the ball to United, who had intentionally kicked it out of play to allow an injured player to be attended to. Although the game eventually continued to a finish, it was later declared void and replayed.[102][103] In May 1999, Bruce resigned from his post after just one season in charge, citing turmoil in the club's boardroom and a shortage of funds for transfers.[104] He contemplated leaving football for a job in television but was persuaded by Huddersfield Town owner Barry Rubery to become the club's manager.[105]
Huddersfield were early promotion contenders in the 1999–2000 season, winning six consecutive matches to rise to third place in the First Division table by late November,[106] but lost form and failed to reach the play-offs.[107] The team continued to struggle at the start of the 2000–01 season, gaining just six points from eleven matches, and Bruce was sacked in October 2000.[108] He then became involved in a dispute with Rubery, who accused him of "wasting" £3m on players and having "an ego to feed".[109] Although he was linked with the manager's job at Queens Park Rangers,[110] Bruce remained out of the game until he was appointed manager of Wigan Athletic in April 2001.[111] The team reached the Second Division play-offs but lost in the semi-finals,[112] and Bruce almost immediately left the club, where he had been in charge for less than two months, to take over as manager of Crystal Palace.[113]
Although his new club began the 2001–02 season strongly, topping the First Division table and looking well placed for regaining the Premier League place that the club had last held in the 1997–98 season,[114] Bruce tendered his resignation less than three months into the season in order to return to Birmingham City as manager. Although he was initially prevented from doing so by an injunction taken out by Crystal Palace, he was eventually allowed to join the Midlands-based club after a compensation package was agreed.[115][116] By now he had acquired a reputation as a manager who rarely held down a job for a significant length of time.[114]
Upon his arrival, the "Blues" were in a mid-table position in the First Division,[117] but a lengthy unbeaten run saw the team qualify for the play-offs.[118] The team went on to beat Bruce's former club Norwich City in the final after a penalty shoot-out to gain promotion to the Premier League, ending a 16-year absence from the top level of English football.[119] Birmingham spent the early part of the 2002–03 season struggling near the foot of the Premier League table, but Bruce's signing of Christophe Dugarry revitalised the team, who ended the season in 13th place and finished higher than local rivals Aston Villa for the first time since the 1970s.[120]
The following season began well for Birmingham, who climbed as high as fourth in the table, but the team's fortunes declined and they could only finish in tenth place at the end of the season.[121] Despite this disappointment, Bruce signed a new contract in June 2004 designed to keep him at St Andrew's for a further five years,[122] but just two months later Freddy Shepherd, chairman of Newcastle United, was reported to have made Bruce his main target in the search for a new manager to replace Bobby Robson. The club was reportedly prepared to pay Birmingham more than £3 million in compensation, and Bruce himself was said to be keen to take over at St James' Park,[123] but he ultimately remained at Birmingham. He stated that "as far as I'm concerned, I've got a job to do [at Birmingham City] and I'm determined to get on with it", but it was also reported that Newcastle would have been required to pay a much larger compensation fee or face legal action had he been persuaded to switch clubs.[124] Three years later Birmingham director David Sullivan publicly stated that the club had "priced Steve out of a move to Newcastle" and gave the level of compensation which would have been involved as £7 million.[125] Initial expectations were high for the 2004–05 season, but the club once again finished in a mid-table position, ending the season in 12th place.[126]
Following the sacking of Souness as Newcastle manager in February 2006, Bruce was again linked with the job,[127] which ultimately went to Glenn Roeder.[128] By this stage of the 2005–06 season, Birmingham were struggling in the league, and on 21 March 2006 were beaten 7–0 at home by Liverpool in the FA Cup quarter-finals.[129] Some supporters of the club began to call for his resignation, but Bruce insisted that he would fight on as manager.[130] The team managed to climb out of the relegation zone for the first time in nearly six months after a win over Bolton Wanderers in early April,[131] but were soon overtaken by Portsmouth, whose victory over Wigan Athletic on 29 April left Birmingham mathematically unable to match their points total and therefore relegated.[132]
Although Bruce had the largest transfer budget in the division made available to him,[133] Birmingham made a slow start to the 2006–07 season in the Football League Championship and, after a 1–0 defeat at home to Norwich City, the team's fifth consecutive match without a win, there were calls from fans and local journalists for the manager to be sacked.[134][135] Bruce publicly accepted responsibility for the team's poor run and admitted that he feared for his job,[136] but the team responded with a 1–0 victory over Derby County,[137] and then recorded a further five consecutive league victories to be joint leaders of the league table by late November.[138][139] On 29 April 2007, Birmingham secured promotion to the Premier League, with one match to play, by virtue of Derby County's 2–0 defeat at Crystal Palace. Chairman David Gold told the press "There have been some dark days but Steve has been outstanding. He was determined to bounce back. He has rebuilt the team and now we are all back where we want to be."[140]
In May 2007, Birmingham's board agreed a new contract for Bruce, but the unwillingness of the club's prospective purchaser Carson Yeung to ratify it left his future uncertain.[141] In October 2007, Bolton Wanderers were refused permission to speak to him about their managerial vacancy.[142] Later that month, Bruce and Yeung held a meeting which reportedly had positive results.[143] However, Bruce later claimed that Birmingham's then Managing Director Karren Brady had "shafted" him on a new contract with the club,[144] and when Wigan Athletic requested permission to speak to Bruce about their managerial vacancy, he was receptive to their approach.[145] As required under the terms of his contract, Wigan agreed to pay Birmingham compensation for the loss of his services of around £3m,[146] and they were then allowed to speak to him. On 19 November, Wigan announced the signing of Bruce for a second time.[147]
On 21 November, during a press conference which was intended to formally present Bruce as the new manager of Wigan, the club's chief executive Brenda Spencer informed the media that the deal had been put on hold by "unknown issues" between Bruce and Birmingham City, reported to centre on the advance payment of the image rights element of Bruce's contract at St Andrew's.[148][149] On 23 November 2007, however, Wigan announced that Bruce had now signed his contract and would officially rejoin the Latics.[150] His first game in charge was a 1–1 home draw with Manchester City on 1 December 2007.[151] Wigan spent the remainder of the season struggling against relegation, but the club secured Premier League survival with victory over Aston Villa in the penultimate game of the season.[152][153] In September 2008, Bruce was once again linked with the manager's job at Newcastle United following the departure of Kevin Keegan.[154]
Bruce led Wigan to an 11th-place finish in the 2008–09 season, despite the loss of midfielder Wilson Palacios to Tottenham Hotspur in the January transfer window.[155]
On 27 May 2009, Bruce was reported to have been given permission to talk to Sunderland about succeeding Ricky Sbragia, who resigned as manager after the last match of the season.[156] Bruce was confirmed as the new manager of Sunderland on 3 June after signing a three-year contract.[157] He was joined at Sunderland by three of his former Wigan Athletic coaching staff, assistant Eric Black, goalkeeping coach Nigel Spink, and reserve-team coach Keith Bertschin.[158] In his first season at Sunderland, despite a run of fourteen games without a win, Bruce led the Black Cats to a thirteenth place finish in the Premier League.[159] In February 2011 Bruce signed an extension to his contract keeping him at Sunderland until 2014. Bruce was dismissed as manager on 30 November 2011, with Sunderland in 16th position following a poor run of form culminating with a 2–1 home defeat to bottom club Wigan Athletic four days earlier.[160] He later linked his dismissal from the managerial post with the fact that he is a fan of Newcastle United, Sunderland's bitter rivals.[161]
| Team |
From |
To |
Record |
| Games |
Won |
Drawn |
Lost |
Win % |
| Sheffield United |
2 July 1998 |
17 May 1999 |
&1000000000000005500000055 |
&1000000000000002200000022 |
&1000000000000001500000015 |
&1000000000000001800000018 |
&1000000000000004000000040.00 |
| Huddersfield Town |
24 May 1999 |
16 October 2000 |
&1000000000000006600000066 |
&1000000000000002500000025 |
&1000000000000001600000016 |
&1000000000000002500000025 |
&1000000000000003788000037.88 |
| Wigan Athletic |
4 April 2001 |
29 May 2001 |
&100000000000000080000008 |
&100000000000000030000003 |
&100000000000000020000002 |
&100000000000000030000003 |
&1000000000000003750000037.50 |
| Crystal Palace |
31 May 2001 |
2 November 2001 |
&1000000000000001800000018 |
&1000000000000001100000011 |
&100000000000000020000002 |
&100000000000000050000005 |
&1000000000000006110999961.11 |
| Birmingham City |
12 December 2001 |
19 November 2007 |
&10000000000000270000000270 |
&10000000000000100000000100 |
&1000000000000007000000070 |
&10000000000000100000000100 |
&1000000000000003703999937.04 |
| Wigan Athletic |
26 November 2007 |
3 June 2009 |
&1000000000000006800000068 |
&1000000000000002300000023 |
&1000000000000001700000017 |
&1000000000000002800000028 |
&1000000000000003382000033.82 |
| Sunderland |
3 June 2009 |
30 November 2011 |
&1000000000000009800000098 |
&1000000000000002900000029 |
&1000000000000002800000028 |
&1000000000000004100000041 |
&1000000000000002958999929.59 |
| Total |
&10000000000000583000000583 |
&10000000000000213000000213 |
&10000000000000150000000150 |
&10000000000000220000000220 |
&1000000000000003653999936.54 |
- As of 30 November 2011[162]
- Norwich City
- Manchester United
- Birmingham City
Bruce has been married since February 1983 to Janet (née Smith),[163][164][165] who is also from the Hexham area, and went to the same school as Bruce.[5] The couple have two children, Alex (born 1984) and Amy (born 1987).[163] Alex is also a footballer, who plays for Leeds United.[166][167] He previously played under his father's management at Birmingham City, but left the club in 2006, in part due to accusations of nepotism levelled at his father.[168] Amy was linked romantically with Aston Villa player Lee Hendrie in tabloid newspaper stories in 2004, which provoked an angry response from her father, who described the reports as "lies", and claimed that journalists had gone so far as to contact his doctor and examine his household waste in an attempt to uncover gossip.[169][170] In September 2004, Bruce was involved in an altercation outside his home with two men who were attempting to steal his daughter's car. The affray left him with facial injuries but did not prevent him from travelling to a Premier League match the same day.[171] After the incident one newspaper attempted to connect it with the allegations concerning Hendrie, leading Bruce to contemplate legal action.[170]
In addition to an autobiography, "Heading for Victory", Bruce has published three novels, "Sweeper!", "Defender!" and "Striker!", featuring the exploits of fictional footballer manager Steve Barnes. "Sweeper!" was described as "surprisingly punchy and pacey, although the plot is essentially ludicrous".[172]
- ^ Bruce, Steve (1994). Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd. pp. 33. ISBN 0-7475-1780-0.
- ^ a b Ian Parkes (2006-02-23). "Blues defender Bruce opts for green shirt of Ireland". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/feb/23/newsstory.sport3. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ Derek Davis (2007-09-04). "Bruce in the middle". Evening Star. http://www.eveningstar.co.uk/content/eveningstar/sport/story.aspx?brand=ESTOnline&category=Sport&tBrand=estonline&tCategory=Sport&itemid=IPED04%20Sep%202007%2009%3A37%3A27%3A587. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 34.
- ^ a b Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 38.
- ^ a b "Tyne Travellers: Part I". Manchester United F.C.. 2006-10-03. http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid=%7B6DDFCB6E-3471-4E45-9385-F04D05F4A70D%7D&newsid=368371&page=3. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ a b "Legends: Steve Bruce". Manchester United F.C.. http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid=%7B847FFC5F-947A-470D-A13B-E757FD63C2A8%7D&bioid=92158. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 74.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 39–40.
- ^ a b c d Haydn Parry. "Past Players: Steve Bruce". Gillingham F.C.. Archived from the original on 2007-05-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20070503105625/http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/PastPlayersDetail/0,,10416~63313,00.html. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
- ^ Patrick Barclay (2004-03-06). "Adams and Bruce were Buster's premier pupils". Daily Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071118132027/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2004/03/07/sfnpb207.xml. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ a b c Triggs, Roger (2001). The Men Who Made Gillingham Football Club. Tempus Publishing Ltd. pp. 70. ISBN 0-7524-2243-X.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 52–53.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 53.
- ^ a b Brown, Tony (2003). The Definitive Gillingham F.C.: A Complete Record. Soccerdata. pp. 89. ISBN 1-899468-20-X.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 57.
- ^ Triggs, Roger. The Men Who Made Gillingham Football Club. pp. 352.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 60.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 62.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 65.
- ^ a b "Transfers between £ 0 and £ 99999999 in 1984/1985". Soccerbase. http://www.soccerbase.com/transfers_by_value.sd?seasonid=114. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- ^ "GFC Hall of Fame Winners". Gillingham F.C.. 2009-07-18. http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10416~1725855,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ James Mossop (2007-12-02). "Steve Bruce helps Wigan Athletic stop the rot". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/12/02/sfgwig102.xml. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ Ian Clarkson (2003-10-19). "Sunday Mercury: Football: I want my Blues to be a working class act". Sunday Mercury. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:BSMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0FE5660E1AA4DC79&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB57AB53DF815. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ "Norwich win the League Cup, 1985 – Caught in time". Sunday Times. 2003-09-28. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:LSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10035F1CCC279CE7&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB57AB53DF815. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ a b Miller, David (2005-05-08). "Ashton the only difference for anxious Norwich". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2359353/Ashton-the-only-difference-for-anxious-Norwich.html. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
- ^ "Player of the Season 1967–2007". Norwich City F.C.. 2008-01-25. http://www.canaries.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10355~1132064,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
- ^ Bateson, Bill; Albert Sewell (1986). News of the World Football Annual 1986/1987. Harper Collins. pp. 281. ISBN 0-85543-076-1.
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 85.
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- ^ "Birmingham issue finance warning". London: BBC Sport. 2007-05-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/6682979.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
- ^ Colin Tattum (2008-04-11). "David Gold: I've lost a friend in Steve Bruce". Birmingham Post. http://www.birminghammail.net/birmingham-sport/birmingham-city-fc/birmingham-city-fc-news/2008/04/11/david-gold-i-ve-lost-a-friend-in-steve-bruce-97319-20753562/. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ Colin Tattum (2006-10-17). "Blues 0 Norwich 1". Birmingham Mail. http://www.birminghammail.net/birmingham-sport/birmingham-city-fc/birmingham-city-fc-news/2006/10/17/blues-0-norwich-1-97319-17949268/. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
- ^ Lee Reynolds (2006-10-18). "Birmingham 0–1 Norwich". The Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2006/10/18/birmingham-0-1-norwich-115875-17949008/. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ Mike Baker (2006-10-23). "Bruce wins the latest battle in Birmingham's uncivil war". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/oct/23/match.sport2. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ David Instone (2006-11-27). "Burnley 1 Birmingham City 2: Bendtner's guile brings best out of Birmingham". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/football-league/burnley-1-birmingham-city-2-bendtners-guile-brings-best-out-of-birmingham-426001.html. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ "Birmingham 2006/2007 results and fixtures". Soccerbase. http://www.soccerbase.com/results2.sd?seasonid=136&teamid=291. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ "Birmingham & Sunderland promoted". London: BBC Sport. 2007-04-29. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_1/6605665.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ "Bruce fears for Birmingham future". London: BBC Sport. 2007-10-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/7028493.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^ "Steve Bruce emerges as Bolton Wanderers target". The Times (London). 2007-10-18. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/bolton/article2686670.ece. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^ "Yeung moves to calm Bruce fears". London: BBC Sport. 2007-10-29. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/7066956.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
- ^ "Bruce fires back at Karren Bradey". The Chronicle. 2009-10-26. http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/sunderland-afc/safc-news/2009/10/26/steve-bruce-blasts-back-at-karen-brady-72703-25016549. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- ^ Stuart James (2007-11-14). "Birmingham in a flux as Bruce heads for Wigan". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/nov/19/newsstory.birminghamcityfc. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Bruce set to join Wigan Athletic". London: BBC Sport. 2007-11-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/7100525.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-18.
- ^ "Bruce leaves Birmingham for Wigan". London: BBC Sport. 2007-11-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/7100525.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ^ "Bruce's Wigan move hit by hold-up". London: BBC Sport. 2007-11-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/7105078.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ Andy Hunter and Stuart James (2007-11-22). "Bruce's move to Wigan held up over image-rights dispute". The Guardian (London). http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2215060,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "Bruce confirmed as Wigan manager". London: BBC Sport. 2007-11-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/7105078.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ MacKay, Duncan (2007-12-02). "Bruce is buoyed by Wigan's fightback". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/dec/02/match.wiganathletic. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
- ^ David Lacey (2008-05-05). "Bruce kisses his own feat in guiding Wigan to safety". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/may/05/premierleague.astonvilla. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Wigan 2007/2008 results and fixtures". Soccerbase. http://www.soccerbase.com/results2.sd?teamid=2783&seasonid=137. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ "Bruce back in race for hotseat". Lancashire Evening Post. 2008-09-26. http://www.lep.co.uk/national-football/Bruce-back-in-race-for.4531737.jp. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ "Tottenham tie up Wilson Palacios deal; Steve Bruce bemoans loss of "right arm"". Daily Mirror. 2009-01-16. http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/2009/01/16/tottenham-tie-up-wilson-palacios-deal-steve-bruce-bemoans-loss-of-right-arm-115875-21045598/. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
- ^ "Bruce cleared to meet Sunderland". London: BBC Sport. 2009-05-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/8069299.stm. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
- ^ "Bruce named as Sunderland manager". London: BBC Sport. 2009-06-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/8080762.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
- ^ "Sunderland confirm appointment of Steve Bruce as manager". The Times (London). 2009-06-03. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/sunderland/article6424687.ece. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
- ^ "Sunderland review". Sky Sports. 2010-05-13. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11695_6150521,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
- ^ "Black Cats sack Bruce". Sky Sports. 2011-11-30. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,,12040_7343417,0.html. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ^ "Steve Bruce blames 'hatred' for Sunderland dismissal". ESPNsoccernet. 2012-04-05. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1044893/steve-bruce-blames-'hatred'-for-sunderland-dismissal?cc=4716. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
- ^ "Steve Bruce's managerial career". Soccerbase. Racing Post. http://www.soccerbase.com/managers2.sd?managerid=1342. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ^ a b Steve Millar (2007-05-06). "Fan's stick made Bruce a pig". Daily Express. http://express.lineone.net/posts/view/6318. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ John Curtis (2003-02-24). "Morrison seals it for Brummies". Irish Examiner. http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/02/24/story432371430.asp. Retrieved 2007-09-27. "...it's a nice way for me to celebrate my 20th wedding anniversary"
- ^ Bruce, Steve. Heading for Victory: An Autobiography. pp. 66.
- ^ "Alex Bruce". Ipswich Town F.C.. http://www.itfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10272~30895,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Leeds clinch Bruce deal". Sky Sports. 30 July 2010. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11707_6286836,00.html. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- ^ "Bruce Jnr heads for fresh fields". Birmingham Post. 2006-08-03. http://www.birminghampost.net/midlands-birmingham-sport/west-midlands-sports/tm_method=full&objectid=17511083&siteid=50002-name_page.html. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
- ^ Andrew Parker (2004-10-13). "It's a rat-trick for Lee". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article96011.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ a b Colin Tattum (2004-10-16). "Bruce in rage over "lies"". Birmingham Evening Mail. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:BEMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=105CEB9BB6CDF84E&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB57AB53DF815. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ Andy Gardner (2004-09-26). "Steve Bruise". Sunday Mirror. }}
- ^ Nick Harris, Phil Shaw (2000-04-22). "Football: The Sweeper". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-the-sweeper-1130202.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
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(s) secretary (c) caretaker
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(a) acting in regular manager's absence; (c) caretaker
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| Persondata |
| Name |
Bruce, Steve |
| Alternative names |
Bruce, Stephen Roger |
| Short description |
Professional footballer, football manager |
| Date of birth |
31 December 1960 |
| Place of birth |
Corbridge, Northumberland, England |
| Date of death |
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| Place of death |
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