- published: 21 Apr 2011
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Aalborg
Aalborg (or Ålborg) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ] (
listen)) is a Danish industrial and university city in North Jutland. The city of Aalborg has a population of 104,885 (126,556 including Nørresundby) making it the fourth largest city in Denmark in terms of population. The municipality of Aalborg has a population of 201,142 (2012) making it the third most populous municipality in the country after Copenhagen and Århus. The earliest settlements date back to around AD 700. Aalborg's location by the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and an industrial centre later. Today, the city is in transition from a working-class industrial city to a knowledge-based one.
Aalborg traces its history back over 1000 years. It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The sites of what were two settlements and a visible burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Høje, a hill overlooking the city. The sizes of these settlements emphasise the significance of this place as a crossroads. The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu, is found on a coin dated to 1040. An alternative spelling is Alebu and an approximate translation of the name is The (dwelling) place by the stream.
wn.com/Aalborg -
Aarhus
Aarhus (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɒːhuːˀs] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in Denmark. The principal port of Denmark, Aarhus is on the east side of the peninsula of Jutland in the geographical center of Denmark. Aarhus is the seat of the council of Aarhus municipality with 315,193 inhabitants and 252,213 (1 January 2012) in the inner urban area. According to Aarhus municipality, the "Greater Aarhus" area has a population of about 1.2 million people. The city claims the unofficial title "Capital of Jutland".
Aarhus is the main and biggest city in the East Jutland metropolitan area (Danish: Byregion Østjylland), which is a co-operation in eastern Jutland with 17 municipalities. With more than 1.2 million people living in the East Jutland metropolitan area it represents approximately 23% of the population of Denmark. Aarhus has the second-largest urban area in Denmark after Copenhagen.
The city was mentioned for the first time by Adam of Bremen who stated that "Reginbrand, bishop of the church of Aarhus (Harusa)" participated in a church meeting in the city of Ingelheim in Germany.
wn.com/Aarhus -
Arlöv
Arlöv is the seat of Burlöv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It is statistically not defined as a locality of its own, but forms part of the contiguous Malmö urban area, 5 km northeast of downtown Malmö. Out of Malmö's 280,000 inhbitants, 11000 live in Arlöv. However, in the 1950s, a public vote took place, deciding once and for all that Burlöv municipality would never be a part of Malmö.
Arlöv is known for its sugar-industry, Sockerbolaget AB (owned by the Danish company Danisco). The town is the home of the Swedish Works, Aktiebolaget Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna , that in the 1970s also built several automobiles for SAAB, notably the Saab Sonett II and III.
Arlöv is mentioned in the song "Hanna från Arlöv" ("Hanna from Arlöv") by the 1970s Swedish band Nationalteatern. Arlöv is also the birthplace of Swedish rock artist Kal P Dal.
The former office building of Danisco Sugar was bought in 2008 by the Church of Scientology who opened their new church, a so called "Ideal org" there in 2009.
wn.com/Arlöv -
Bergen
Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbærɡən] (listen)) is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. As of 26 June 2012, the municipality had a population of 265,800 and Greater Bergen had a population of 391,000, making Bergen the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and area of 465 square kilometers (180 sq mi) and is located on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city center and northern neighborhoods are located on Byfjorden and the city is built around the Seven Mountains. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are located on islands. Bergen is the administrative center of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Årstad, Åsane, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg and Ytrebygda.
Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, but the city was not incorporated until 1070. It served as Norway's capital from 1217 to 1299, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad. The remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires. The Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936 and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county, after which Bergen amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
wn.com/Bergen -
Bjuv
Bjuv is a locality and the seat of Bjuv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,832 inhabitants in 2010.
wn.com/Bjuv -
Bjuv Municipality
Bjuv Municipality (Bjuvs kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Bjuv.
The amalgamations connected to the 1971 local government reform in Sweden took place in this area in 1974, when "old" Bjuv (a market town (köping) since 1946) was amalgamated with Billesholm and Ekeby.
The municipal arms depicts a mining torch lighting up a dark area. The reason is that Bjuv Municipality has had a coal mining industry since the 18th century. In the end of the 19th century, the clay industry flourished, based on the coal.
There are 5 urban areas (also called Tätort or localities) in Bjuv Municipality.
In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Coordinates: 56°05′N 12°55′E / 56.083°N 12.917°E / 56.083; 12.917
wn.com/Bjuv_Municipality -
Borlänge
Borlänge [ˈboːˈɭɛŋːə] is a locality and the seat of Borlänge Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 41,734 inhabitants in 2010.
Originally Borlänge was the name of a tiny village, and the first historical information about it is from 1390. The village was insignificant up until about 1870. In 1875 a railway between Falun and Ludvika, via Borlänge was inaugurated and at the same time the construction of Domnarfvets Jernverk, the ironworks of neighbouring village Domnarvet, had started. Thanks to its railway station the village of Borlänge became highly important in servicing the ironworks.
In 1898, Borlänge was granted privileges by the national Swedish government as a town of its own (Swedish: köping) with about 1 300 inhabitants, but still today it belongs to the Church of Sweden's regionally-historically dominant parish of Stora Tuna, centered on a large medieval cathedral by that name (meaning great enclosed farmyards), now located in a rural district east of the city. In the 1900s, the Stora Kopparbergs Bergslag - the owner of the ironworks in Domnarvet at the time - built a papermill in an adjacent village to Borlänge called Kvarnsveden. Many area residents emigrated to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
wn.com/Borlänge -
Borås
Borås (Swedish pronunciation: [bʊˈroːs]) is a locality and the seat of Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 66,273 inhabitants in 2010.
Borås is located at the point of two crossing railways, among them the railway between Gothenburg and Kalmar, and is often considered[citation needed] the Swedish city gaining the most from the nationwide railway system laid between 1870-1910.
The city of Borås received its privileges in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf. The reason was to give local pedlars a legal place for vending their merchandise. The city developed soon after it was founded. After a century it had increased to over 2,000 inhabitants.
Borås has been ravaged by fires four times: in 1681, 1727, 1822 and 1827. The Caroli church is the oldest of Borås's buildings, and has withstood all fires.
The city arms depicts two sheep-shearing scissors, a tribute to the vast number of smiths in the town in early history. It currently holds the Swedish record in the number of established mail-order firms.
wn.com/Borås -
Broby, Sweden
Broby is a locality and the seat of Östra Göinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 2,920 inhabitants in 2010.
wn.com/Broby,_Sweden -
Bromölla
Bromölla is a locality and the seat of Bromölla Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,595 inhabitants in 2010.
The town of Bromölla only consisted of a few houses until it began to grow about 100 years ago around a newly established limestone quarry, leading to the establishment of several ceramics industries. The area has grown up around the entailed estate of Årup and the pertaining parish of Ivetofta. As the railroad between Kristianstad and Sölvesborg established a station in 1886, the first ceramic industri - Ifö - was opened in 1887.
Nordisk Familjebok
wn.com/Bromölla -
Burlöv Municipality
Burlöv Municipality (Burlövs kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden, just north of Malmö. Its seat is located in Arlöv, a community which for geographical and statistical purposes is seen as a part of Malmö urban area (Malmö tätort).
The municipality is one of only a few in Sweden, and the only one in Scania, which still contains only the original municipal entity created from the old parish in 1863 (cf history of municipalities in Sweden) and has not been amalgamated. It is the second smallest municipality by area in the country (after Sundbyberg Municipality).
The municipality has no forests, lakes, or streams, but has an abundance of high-voltage power grids, highways and railroads, as it is on the main line from Malmö to northern Sweden. Like the rest of Scania, much land is used for agriculture and there are several old farms, mills and other sights from the last centuries in the vicinity.
The population of Burlöv Municipality has increased with almost 1,000 people between 1986 and 2003, but it decreased last year.[when?] The largest part of the population increase has been due to high birth rates. Moving rates have played a small part, and is rather equalled, where – as is normal in smaller communities – young people move out and families with children move in.
wn.com/Burlöv_Municipality -
Båstad
Båstad is a locality and the seat of Båstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 4,961 inhabitants in 2010.
The town of Båstad is located in a sheltered bay with the Hallandian ridge stretching behind it. The town borders the shore, whereafter the terrain raises until the dense vegetation of the ridge takes over.
The first city privileges were granted in the 14th or 15th century, when the area belonged to Denmark. The first certain date is 1513 when it was re-granted. At the time, the name in print was Botstœdœ, which would translate to "Boat (landing) place".
The area was in 1658 conquered by Sweden, and Båstad was given new "special" privileges in 1664, because it was of too insignificant size to receive the full royal charter as one of Sweden's cities. The minor privilege allowed the town to be used for commerce, handicraft and hostelry. The minor privilege was in effect until 1858 when it got proper rights as a merchant town, or köping. It is since 1971 the seat of Båstad Municipality.
wn.com/Båstad -
Båstad Municipality
Båstad Municipality (Båstads kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Båstad.
The present municipality was established in 1971 when the market town (köping) Båstad was amalgamated with the surrounding rural municipalities. One parish was transferred from Halland County.
There are 6 localities in Båstad Municipality.
In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Extending through the municipality, marking the border to the province Halland, is the ridge of Hallandia, or Hallandsåsen. It is one of the highest points in the otherwise flat-terrained Scania, with a height of 226 meters.
The ridge reached the public eye in 1997, when a tunnel being dug through the ridge caused fishes in the streams to die and cows grazing on the ridge to become paralyzed. The reason was a substance containing the poisonous substance acrylamide used by the digging company to counteract a surprising high level of groundwater in the ridge.
wn.com/Båstad_Municipality -
Church of Sweden
The Church of Sweden (Swedish: Svenska kyrkan) is the largest Christian church in Sweden. The church professes the Lutheran faith and is a member of the Porvoo Communion. With 6,589,769 baptized members, it is the largest Lutheran church in the world, although combined, there are more Lutherans in the member churches of the Evangelical Church in Germany (10 million). Until 2000 it held the position of state church. Approximately 2% of the church's members regularly attend Sunday services.
The Church of Sweden, by law, is organized in the following manner:
The Primate of the Church of Sweden is the Archbishop of Uppsala, currently Anders Wejryd.
King Gustav I Vasa instigated the Church of Sweden in 1526 during his reign as King of Sweden. This act separated the church from the Roman Catholic Church and its canon law. In 1572, the Swedish Church Ordinance became the first Swedish church order following the Reformation.
The Church of Sweden became Lutheran at the Uppsala Synod in 1593 when it adopted the Augsburg Confession to which most Lutherans adhere. At this synod, it was decided that the church would retain the three original Christian creeds: the Apostles', the Athanasian, and the Nicene.
wn.com/Church_of_Sweden -
Copenhagen
Copenhagen (
/ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/ or /ˈkoʊpənhɑːɡən/; Danish: København pronounced [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn] ( listen), Latin: Hafnia) is the capital of Denmark and its most populous city, with an urban population of 1,213,822 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and a metropolitan population of 1,935,746 (as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)[update]). With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within this region, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö are growing into a combined metropolitan area. Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager.
First documented in the 11th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the beginning of the 15th century. During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.
Copenhagen is a major regional centre of culture, business, media, and science, as indicated by several international surveys and rankings (see International rankings below). Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy. Its strategic location and excellent infrastructure, with the largest airport in Scandinavia,Kastrup, located 14 minutes by train from the city centre, have made it a regional hub and a popular location for regional headquarters and conventions.
wn.com/Copenhagen -
Dalby, Lund
Dalby is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 5,708 inhabitants in 2010. It is located about 10 km east-south-east of Lund, and about 20 km east-north-east of Malmö.
Dalby has the oldest stone church in Scandinavia, to which the cathedral in Hildesheim served as a model. In 1060 the Danish King Svend Estridsen initiated the creation of a religious centre in Dalby, and also constructed his King's Residence here. From 1060 Dalby was a bishopric under the bishop Egino, appointed by Adalbert of Bremen. But as early as 1066 the English antibishop Henrik was enthroned in Lund, probably elected by the people and the clergy. In 1085 Canute the Saint decided to build a new cathedral in Lund and in 1104 Lund became the archbishopric over Scandinavia.
Until the Protestant Reformation in Denmark in 1536, Dalby retained some importance as the site of an Augustinian monastery and a demesne of the Crown.
Dalby was a municipality up until 1974, when it became part of Lund municipality. Between 1941 and 1954, Dalby was also a municipal urban area ("municipalsamhälle").
wn.com/Dalby,_Lund -
Dalby, Skåne, Sweden
Dalby is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 5,708 inhabitants in 2010. It is located about 10 km east-south-east of Lund, and about 20 km east-north-east of Malmö.
Dalby has the oldest stone church in Scandinavia, to which the cathedral in Hildesheim served as a model. In 1060 the Danish King Svend Estridsen initiated the creation of a religious centre in Dalby, and also constructed his King's Residence here. From 1060 Dalby was a bishopric under the bishop Egino, appointed by Adalbert of Bremen. But as early as 1066 the English antibishop Henrik was enthroned in Lund, probably elected by the people and the clergy. In 1085 Canute the Saint decided to build a new cathedral in Lund and in 1104 Lund became the archbishopric over Scandinavia.
Until the Protestant Reformation in Denmark in 1536, Dalby retained some importance as the site of an Augustinian monastery and a demesne of the Crown.
Dalby was a municipality up until 1974, when it became part of Lund municipality. Between 1941 and 1954, Dalby was also a municipal urban area ("municipalsamhälle").
wn.com/Dalby,_Skåne,_Sweden -
Danske Statsbaner
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company, and the largest in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. DSB also operates some trains in Sweden
DSB was founded in 1885 when the government-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged.
On September 1, 1867, the Danish state took over Det danske Jernbane-Driftsselskab (The Danish Railway Operation Company), the major railway company in Jutland and Funen, and consequently, De jysk-fynske Statsbaner (The State Railways of Jutland and Funen) were formed.
The Danish state took over Det sjællandske Jernbaneselskab (The Railway Company of Zealand) on January 1, 1880, forming De sjællandske Statsbaner (The State Railways of Zealand). With the majority of railways on both sides of the Great Belt thus owned by the Danish state, it was not until October 1, 1885 that the companies of Jutland/Funen and Zealand merged into one national railway company, De danske Statsbaner (The Danish State Railways), the merger being finalised on April 1, 1893.
wn.com/Danske_Statsbaner -
Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
wn.com/Denmark -
Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛskilsˈtʉːna]) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 97 692 inhabitants in 2012. Eskilstuna has a large Sweden Finn population. The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån, which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs, 30 km east of Eskilstuna, trying to convert them to Christianity. Saint Eskil was buried in his monastery church in Tuna. Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren. Later "Eskil" was added in to the word "Tuna". However, the town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla. The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House. The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river. Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of the forges were small arms and artillery.
wn.com/Eskilstuna -
Eslöv
Eslöv is a city and the seat of Eslöv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 17,748 inhabitants in 2010.
Eslöv is part of the Øresund Region and is today largely serving as a suburb of Malmö and Lund.
Eslöv was a small village until the beginning of the railway age. In 1858 a station on the main line between Stockholm and Malmö was opened. In the 1860s more railways were built and Eslöv became a junction with lines in six different directions. The population began to grow and in 1875 it had reached 1,240 and Eslöv got the status of a köping (market town). In 1911 it had 5,400 inhabitants and got town privileges (See stad). The population continued to grow and reached 7,000 in 1951, 11,000 in 1964 and 15,000 in 1995. The local government reform of 1971 made Eslöv the seat of Eslöv Municipality, which today has more than 30,000 inhabitants.
Trade flourished around the new station and eventually it also attracted industrial establishments. Among the city's companies are Procordia Food AB (formerly Felix AB).
wn.com/Eslöv -
Eslöv Municipality
Eslöv Municipality (Eslövs kommun) is one of 290 municipalities of Sweden, situated in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Eslöv.
The present municipality was created in 1971, when the former City of Eslöv was amalgamated with a number of surrounding municipalities, most of them created by the earlier nation-wide local government reform in 1952.
The municipality has several interesting places. There are 11 castles. Hjularöd's castle was the setting of the Swedish TV classic Mystery of Greveholm broadcast by SVT. In the Västra Strö village by the church there is an ancient monument consisting of five standing stones and two runestones DR 334 and DR 335 dating from about the year 1000. Sweden's only sugar refinery lies in Örtofta, south of Eslöv. In Eslöv there are two nature reserves, Allmänningen and Abullahagen. The Stone Mountain, Eslöv Church and Hotel Sten Stensson Sten with the locally famous "Scanish Steps" lie in the middle of Eslöv. Maybe the most famous inhabitant of Eslöv is the comedian Johan Glans, who has made several TV series.
wn.com/Eslöv_Municipality -
Falun
Falun (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfɑːˈlɵnː]) is a city and the seat of Falun Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 37,291 inhabitants in 2010. It is also the capital of Dalarna County. Falun forms, together with Borlänge, a metropolitan area with close to 100,000 inhabitants.
Falun was originally famous for its copper mine, and is today an important service and industrial city even though the mine is closed (since 1992).
The town of Falun is known to have existed in the 14th century as a market place for the surrounding lands. Mining for copper had been a local business since the mid-13th century, or possibly as early as 1000, and the organisation for the extracting of copper and gold from the Great Copper Mountain is believed to be the oldest still-existing enterprise in the world, proved active since 1347, when its charter was granted by King Magnus IV of Sweden. The first share in the company is dated as early as 1288.
However, an enterprise at that time was nothing more than a cooperation among the owners, each contributing with a share of money for constructions, tools, etc., necessary to run the organisation. Depending on their contribution they could use the facilities and share the profit according to the relative share they contributed.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finland
i/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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Fredrikstad
Fredrikstad (help·info) (previously Frederiksstad) (literally Fredrik's Town) is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Onsøy, Kråkerøy, and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 1 January 2008, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 123,029 with 71,976 in Fredrikstad and 51,053 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 km upstream) was burned down by the Swedes. Almost half the population of Sarpsborg stayed behind, and rebuilt their old town at its original site.
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Genarp
Genarp is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 2,892 inhabitants in 2010. It is the southernmost urban area in Lund Municipality, located in Bara Hundred.
Most of Genarp consists of residential areas with single-family homes. Genarp Church, which is located in the village, is the only church built in Skåne during the 16th century.
Björnstorp Castle, Toppeladugård Castle and Häckeberga Castle are all located close to Genarp.
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Gothenburg
Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg; pronounced [jœtəˈbɔrj] ( listen)) is the second largest city in Sweden by population and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 520,374, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 938,580 inhabitants in the metropolitan area. Gothenburg is classified as a global city by GaWC, with a ranking of Gamma−.
The City of Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. It lies by the sea at the mouth of Göta Älv—the river running through the city—and is the largest seaport in the Nordic countries.
Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes both the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The city is a major centre in Sweden for sports and home to the IFK Göteborg, BK Häcken, GAIS and Örgryte IS association football teams as well as the Frölunda HC ice hockey team.
Gothenburg is served by Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport, located 30 km (18.64 mi) southeast of the city centre. It is the second largest airport in Sweden. The city is also served by Gothenburg City Airport, located 15 km (9.32 mi) from the city centre.
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Grand Hotel (Lund)
Grand Hotel in Lund, Sweden is one of the city's oldest and most remarkable restaurant and hotel.
It was drawn by architect Alfred Hellerström and inaugurated in 1899.
Media related to Grand Hotel in Lund at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 55°42′13.8″N 13°11′21.9″E / 55.703833°N 13.189417°E / 55.703833; 13.189417
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Gävle
Gävle [ˈjæːvlə] is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 71,033 inhabitants in December 2010. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's Northern Lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria.
It is believed that the name Gävle derives from the word gavel, meaning river banks in Old Swedish and referring to the Gavleån (Gävle River). The oldest settlement was called Gavle-ägarna, which means "Gavel-owners". This name was shortened to Gavle, then Gefle, and finally Gävle.
For a long time Gävle consisted solely of small, low, turf or shingle roofed wooden buildings. Boat-houses lined the banks of Gavleån, Lillån, and Islandsån. Until the 18th century the town was built, as was the practice then, around the three most important buildings: the church, the regional palace, and the town hall. Over the last 300 years Gävle has been ablaze on three different occasions. After the fire of 1776 the town was rebuilt with straight streets and rectangular city blocks. The number of stone and brick houses also started to increase. The biggest town fire occurred 1869, when out of a population of around 10,000 approximately 8,000 inhabitants lost their homes, and about 350 farms were destroyed. Almost the whole town north of Gavleån was burnt down. All the buildings south of Gavleån were saved. An area of the old town between the museum and the library has been preserved to this day as a historic reserve, Gamla Gefle.
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Halmstad
Halmstad [ˈhamsta] is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of Nissan in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city has a population of about 58,577, out of a municipal total of nearly 90,000. Halmstad is located about midway between Gothenburg and Malmö.
Halmstad, at the time part of the Kingdom of Denmark, received its first city charter in 1307, and the city celebrated its 700th anniversary in 2007. The oldest remains of that first town are to be found at "Övraby" upstream on Nissan, quite close to the regiment buildings. The remains of the church can still be seen today between a defunct brick industry and a former landfill.
In the 1320s the town moved to the present day town centre. At this time there were two monasteries in the town and during the 15th century the St. Nikolai church was built. Halland was the object of numerous battles, sieges and occupations by Swedish troops.
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Helsingborg
Helsingborg (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛlsiŋˈbɔrj]) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It had 97,122 inhabitants in 2010. Helsingborg is the centre of an area in the Øresund region of about 320,000 inhabitants in north-west Scania, and is Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about 4 km to the west.
Between 1912 and 1971 the name of the town was officially spelled Hälsingborg (rather like Hälsingland but unlike Helsingør and Helsingfors (Helsinki)).
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, which has stood guard in Helsingborg for over 600 years, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
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Helsinki
Helsinki ( listen (help·info); Swedish: Helsingfors, listen (help·info)) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is 596,233 (31 January 2012), making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is located some 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of St. Petersburg, Russia and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area includes the city of Helsinki and three other cities: Espoo and Vantaa, which immediately border Helsinki to the west and north, respectively; and Kauniainen, which is an enclave within the city of Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan area is the world's northernmost urban area among those with a population of over one million people, and the city is the northernmost capital of a EU member state. Altogether 1.1 million people, approximately one in five Finns, live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
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Hämeenlinna
Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) is a city and municipality of about 67,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Häme in the south of Finland and is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper, and until 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km/61 mi), Tampere (73 km/45 mi) and Lahti (72 km/45 mi).
The medieval Häme Castle (Hämeen linna) is located in the city.
The municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009.
There has been a settlement called Vanaja by the lake Vanajavesi where the city now stands since the Viking Age. The castle was built in the late 13th century to secure Swedish power in central Finland. A village was established near Häme Castle to provide services and goods to its inhabitants.
The village was granted city rights in 1639 and soon after that the King of Sweden moved it one kilometre south to the hill on which it still stands.
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Hässleholm
Hässleholm is a locality and the seat of Hässleholm Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 18,500 inhabitants in 2010.
Hässleholm was gradually developed from 1860 in connection with the construction of the main Stockholm to Malmö railway line. There was no settlement on the spot before the arrival of the railway. The station got its name from a manor situated in the vicinity of a planned railway junction. It gained the city title in 1914. During the 20th century it developed into a military hub. After the end of the cold war, most of the military establishments were disbanded or moved to other locations.
In 2002, Hässleholm's Cultural Center ("kulturhus") was opened. It features theatres, a library, a visitors center, and restaurants. East of the town center is the hometown park ("hembygdspark") with a statue called "Snapphanen", by the sculptor Axel Ebbe. The statue reminds of the area's history as a center for Scanian insurgents during the 17th-century struggles between Sweden and Denmark.
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Höganäs
Höganäs is a locality and the seat of Höganäs Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 14,107 inhabitants in 2010.
Höganäs is nationally known for its ceramics industry, Höganäs Keramik. Höganäs Keramik is part of Iittala Group.
Höganäs has the main office of Höganäs AB, one of the world's biggest iron powder manufacturer with subsidiaries around the world. The Höganäs AB company was founded in 1797 which makes it one of Sweden's oldest companies.
Höganäs began as a small fishing village in the parish of Väsby, documented in 1488 in the written form Høyenæss. In the middle of the 17th century it had 17 homes. Coal was found in the area, and mining started in 1797. In 1798 a railway with wooden rails was built. It was the first of its kind in Sweden and was used to transport coal from the mine to the harbour. The population started to grow and new dwellings were built for the miners. During the 19th century more industries were built using clay for making ceramic products. Höganäs is well known still today for ceramics. The coal mines, however, were closed in the 1960s. In 1936, when Höganäs got the title of a city it had 6,915 inhabitants. Since 1971 it is the seat of Höganäs Municipality, encompassing the Kullaberg peninsula with totally around 24,000 inhabitants.
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Höganäs Municipality
Höganäs Municipality (Höganäs kommun) is one of 290 municipalities of Sweden, in Skåne County in the southern part of the country. Its seat is located in the city of Höganäs.
The rural municipality Höganäs, in which the first municipalsamhälle (a kind of borough managing matters of urban character) of Sweden had been established in 1875, received the title of a city in 1936. In 1967 it was merged with Väsby. The present municipality was created with the reform in 1971 when the city was amalgamated with Brunnby and Jonstorp.
The municipality is located on the Kullen peninsula, the extreme part of which is known as the nature reserve Kullaberg hill, with the picturesque víllages of Mölle and Arild. The nature reserve is an Important Bird Area of Sweden and a location of several rare plant species.
The Kullen Lighthouse, the most powerful lighthouse in Scandinavia, is located on the western point of Kullaberg. The nature reserve is also home to a series of wooden structures along the coastline, which were begun by artist by Lars Vilks in 1980, and which have become known as Nimis. This is a tourist attraction despite being unauthorised by the Swedish authorities and therefore not marked on maps or signposted.
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Hörby
Hörby is a locality and the seat of Hörby Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,085 inhabitants in 2010.
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Hörby Municipality
Hörby Municipality (Hörby kommun) is a municipality in the central part of Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Hörby.
The present municipality consists of ten original entities merged to each other in 1952, 1969 and 1974.
The geography is varied with a few forests, some lakes and streams and farmland and even wildlife. Hörby is one of the most meadow-filled municipalities in Sweden.
Some historians claim Hörby was founded in the 9th century A.D., but the truth is that no one knows exactly how old the village is. During the Middle Ages Hörby evolved into a centre of commerce, much due to its location, right in the middle of Skåne. The name "Hörby" comes from the old word "horg" which today would translate into "barrow" or "mound". As the name hints the woods surrounding Hörby are filled with old burial mounds (some dating back to the Bronze Age) and also some old cult places from the pre-Christian religion of asatru. The same word has given name to the neighbouring village of Höör.
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Höör
Höör is a locality and the seat of Höör Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,865 inhabitants in 2010.
The unusual spelling with double "ö", was implemented by the Swedish postal service in the beginning of the 20th century. At that time it was common that, on local letters, the place of destination was replaced by the word "Här" (sw. for here). In order to avoid confusion the spelling of the name Hör was therefore changed to Höör.
The train station in Höör is located on the line from Kristianstad to Malmö, making it quick and easy to commute. Also basically situated through the town is a large road leading north and south.
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Höör Municipality
Höör Municipality (Höörs kommun) is a municipality in the central part of Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Höör.
The present municipality was formed in 1969 through the merger of "old" Höör with the municipalities of Norra Frosta, Snogeröd and Tjörnarp parish from the dissolved Sösdala Municipality.
There are six localities in the municipality. Population as of December 31, 2005.
A small part of Löberöd is also within Höör Municipality.
Höör Municipality credits itself by being different from the rest of Scania: Apart from agricultural areas Höör Municipality also has several forests and the lake Ringsjön. Ringsjön is the second largest lake in Skåne County and covers some 40 km², about three times the size of the town of Höör.
The two main attractions of the municipality that draw visitors are the zoological garden Skånes Djurpark, and the Bosjökloster Castle established in the 12th century. The castle is situated in a scenic location in a cape in the lake Ringsjön; the zoological garden is situated just north of the town of Höör.
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Iceland
Icelandi/ˈaɪslənd/ (Icelandic: Ísland, IPA: [ˈislant]) is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls (slaves) of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and the country was one of the poorest and least developed in the world. Industrialisation of the fisheries and aid from the Marshall Plan brought prosperity in the years after World War II, and by the 1990s it was one of the world's wealthiest countries. In 1994, Iceland became party to the European Economic Area, which made it possible for the economy to diversify into economic and financial services.
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Idala
Idala is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 738 inhabitants in 2010.
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Joensuu
Joensuu (lit. "mouth of the river") is a city and municipality in North Karelia in eastern Finland. It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of North Karelia region. It was founded in 1848. The population of Joensuu is 73,871 (January 31, 2012).
Joensuu is a lively student city with over 15,000 students enrolled at the University of Eastern Finland and a further 4,000 at the North Karelia Technical School.
The largest employers are the municipal City of Joensuu, North Karelian Hospital District Federation of Municipalities, Abloy and Punamusta.
The European Forest Institute, the University and many other institutes and export enterprises such as Abloy and John Deere Forestry give Joensuu an international flavour.
The city of Joensuu, which was founded by the Czar Nicholas I of Russia in 1848, is the regional centre and the capital of North Karelia. During the 19th century Joensuu was a city of manufacture and commerce. When in 1860 the city received dispensation rights to initiate commerce, former restrictions against industry were removed and the local sawmills began to prosper and expand. Water traffic was improved by the building of the Saimaa Canal. Consequently, a lively commerce between the regions of North Karelia, St.Petersburg and Central Europe was enabled. At the end of the 19th century Joensuu was one of the largest harbour cities in Finland.
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Jyväskylä
Jyväskylä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjyvæsˌkylæ]) is a city and municipality in Central Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland. It is the largest city in central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland. Jyväskylä is located on the northern coast of Lake Päijänne, 147 kilometres (91 mi) north-east of Tampere and 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Helsinki. The hilly and forested terrain in Jyväskylä is surrounded by hundreds of lakes. The summers in Jyväskylä are warm and winters cold and snowy.
Elias Lönnrot, the compiler of the Finnish national epic Kalevala, gave the city a nickname "Athens of Finland". This nickname is used to describe the major role of Jyväskylä as an education centre and the first place in the world to provide education in Finnish.
The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city. The city hosts Neste Oil Rally Finland, which is part of the World Rally Championship. It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival.
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Jönköping
Jönköping (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjœnːˈɕøːpiŋ]) is a city in southern Sweden with 89,396 inhabitants (2010). It is the 9th most populous city of Sweden. Jönköping is situated by the southern end of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern. The original town Jönköping has grown together with Huskvarna and Norrahammar forming a contiguous urban area, since 1971 wholly within the same municipality.
The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality which has a population of 128 305 (2011), and also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 331,539 (2006). Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration. It is also the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Jönköping is an old trading center (Köping), since it was located on a crossroad for the roads following along the rivers Nissan and Lagan, and the road between the provinces Östergötland and Västergötland. This was rather natural due to the geographical position of the city at the southern end of lake Vättern, which divided the two counties. On 18 May 1284, Jönköping received rights as a City in Sweden as one of the first communities in the country, by King Magnus Ladulås, who at that time largely ruled the nation from Vättern's largest island Visingsö. In the name of the city "Jön-" is derived from a creek, "Junebäcken", which was situated in the nowadays western part of the city, Talavid. This was the location of the first known settlement in the area. The second part of the name "-köping", as mentioned above, is an old word for a trading center or market place.
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Kalmar
Kalmar is a city in Småland in the south-east of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality. It is also the capital of Kalmar County, which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 233,090 inhabitants (2011).
From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, Kalmar was one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 and 1913 it was the episcopal see of Kalmar Diocese, with a bishop, and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine example of classicistic architecture. It became a fortified city, with the still mighty Kalmar Castle as the center. After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Kalmar's importance diminished, until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century. The city is home to parts of Linnaeus University.
Geographically Kalmar is the main route to the island of Öland thanks to the Öland Bridge.
The area around Kalmar has been inhabited since ancient times. Diggings have found traces of stone age gravefields. The oldest sources of there being a town are however from the 11th century. According to a medieval folk tale, the Norwegian patron Saint Olav had his ships moved to Kalmar. The oldest city seal of Kalmar is from somewhere between 1255–1267, making it the oldest known city seal in Scandinavia.
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Karlstad
Karlstad [ˈkɑːɭsta] is a city, the seat of Karlstad Municipality, the capital of Värmland County, and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden. The city had 61,685 inhabitants in 2010 out of a municipal total that during the first quarter 2010 was 84,885 inhabitants. Karlstad has a university and a cathedral.
Karlstad is built on the river delta where Sweden's longest river, Klarälven, runs into Sweden's largest lake, Vänern. It has the second largest lake port in the country after Västerås.
Karlstad is often associated with sunshine and the symbol for Karlstad is a happy sun. Karlstad is reputed to be one of the sunniest towns in Sweden and a local waitress, known as "Sola i Karlstad" (the Sun in Karlstad) for her sunny disposition, is also commemorated with a statue.
On Karlstad's largest islet, there was a place of counsel called Tingvalla in the medieval age, which had roots from the Viking Age before 1000 AD. It was also used as a market place.
Karlstad was granted its city charter on March 5, 1584 by the Swedish Duke Charles, who would later be crowned King Charles IX of Sweden. The city derives its name from the King – Karlstad literally means Charles' city. The Duke also granted Karlstad the right as a governmental seat in the region, and gave it a substantial amount of land.
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Kastrup
Kastrup is a suburb of Copenhagen, on the east coast of Amager in the Tårnby Municipality.
Kastrup is best known as the site of Copenhagen Airport. In Danish, the airport is often called Kastrup Lufthavn (Kastrup Airport) or Københavns Lufthavn, Kastrup (Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup).
Scandinavian Airlines System has its Denmark offices and the SAS Cargo head office in Kastrup.Transavia Denmark has its head office in Kastrup. When SAS Commuter operated, its head office was in Kastrup. When Danair existed, its head office was in Kastrup.
IIID(IKEA Industrial and Investiment Development) head office located in Kastrup.
Coordinates: 55°38′15″N 12°38′30″E / 55.6375°N 12.64167°E / 55.6375; 12.64167
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Klippan Municipality
Klippan Municipality (Klippans kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Klippan.
The municipality was created in 1974 through the amalgamation of the market town Klippan (itself instituted in 1945) with the rural municipality of Riseberga and part of Östra Ljungby.
Söderåsen National Park is partly situated within the municipality.
There are 6 localities (or built-up areas) in Klippan Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
The Church of St. Peter was built in 1966.
Coordinates: 56°08′N 13°08′E / 56.133°N 13.133°E / 56.133; 13.133
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Klippan, Sweden
Klippan (literally the Cliff) is a locality and the seat of Klippan Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 8,116 inhabitants in 2010.
The following sports clubs are located in Klippan:
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Kouvola
Kouvola is a town and municipality in southeastern Finland. It is located 134 kilometres (83 mi) northeast of the capital, Helsinki.
The city has a population of 87,592 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres (1,113.25 sq mi) of which 325.06 km2 (125.51 sq mi) is water. The population density is 34.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (88.7 /sq mi).
Kouvola's central location within Finland's borders and as a border post between the European Union and Russian Federation makes it a quite lively town.[original research?] The town originally grew up around the junction of the north–south and east–west rail tracks. It was also a major road transport junction.
In January 2009, the six municipalities – Kouvola, Kuusankoski, Elimäki, Anjalankoski, Valkeala and Jaala – were consolidated, forming the new municipality of Kouvola. Kouvola can now claim the natural beauty of Valkeala and Jaala as well as the cultural heritage of Elimäki and Anjalankoski as its own. Kouvola has also assumed the slogan Kymijoen kaupunki (the town of Kymijoki) previously used by Anjalankoski.
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Kristianstad
Kristianstad (Swedish pronunciation: [kriˈɧanːsta], older spelling Christianstad) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 35,711 inhabitants in 2010. During the last 15 years, it has gone from a garrison town to a developed commercial city, attracting visitors from the northeastern Scania, western Blekinge and northern Österlen.
The city was founded in 1614 by King Christian IV of Denmark, the city's name literally means 'Town of Christian', as a planned city after the burning of the town of Vä and moving the city rights of the neighbouring town of Sölvesborg to the new town. The purpose of the town was to guard the eastern half of the Danish province of Scania against any future raids from Sweden, but also as a symbol of the power of Christian himself. One of these raids had sacked the nearby town of Vä in 1612. Vä then lost its charter and the people were moved to the new, better fortified city. The king also founded the town of Christianopel in eastern Blekinge to serve a similar purpose.
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Kuopio
Kuopio is a city and a municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia, Finland. A population of 97,552 makes it the ninth biggest city in the country. The city has a total area of 2,317.24 square kilometres (894.69 sq mi), of which 719.85 km2 (277.94 sq mi) is water and half forest. The population density is only 61 /km2 (160 /sq mi), but the city's urban areas are populated very densely (urban area: 1 617.6 /km²), nationally second only to capital Helsinki (urban area: 1,690.0/km²). The population of the entire Kuopio region is 119,472.
There are several explanations behind the name Kuopio. The first is that in the 16th century, a certain influential person named Kauhanen in Tavinsalmi changed his name to Skopa and the people's pronunciation was Coopia and finally Cuopio. The second explanation is that it comes from the verb kuopia, meaning when, for example, a horse paws the ground with its hoof. A third theory is that it came from a certain Karelian man's name Prokopij, from Ruokolahti in the Middle Ages. This is the most probable explanation, supported by the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland.
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Kävlinge
Kävlinge is a locality and the seat of Kävlinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 9,049 inhabitants in 2010.
In 1996, a train containing large amounts of ammonia derailed and around 9,000 people had to be evacuated from the area. This was the biggest evacuation operation in Swedish history.
Near Kävlinge is the site of the Hög passage grave, a Bronze Age barrow covering a neolithic burial chamber. Hög means mound from the Old Norse word haugr for hill. The finds from the excavations are in the Lund University Historic Museum.
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Lahti
Lahti (Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland.
Lahti is the capital of the Päijänne Tavastia region. It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay and Vesijärvi means water lake.
The symbol of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by sparkling flames.
Lahti was first mentioned in documents in 1445. The village belonged to the parish of Hollola and was located at the medieval trade route of Ylinen Viipurintie, which linked the towns of Hämeenlinna and Vyborg.
The completion of the Riihimäki – St. Petersburg railway line in 1870 and the Vesijärvi canal in 1871 turned Lahti into a lively station, and industrial installations began to spring up around it. For a long time, the railway station at Vesijärvi Harbour was the second busiest station in Finland. Craftsmen, merchants, a few civil servants and a lot of industrial workers soon mixed in with the existing agricultural peasantry.
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Landskrona
Landskrona is a locality and the seat of Landskrona Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 30,499 inhabitants in 2010.
The city of Landskrona was founded at the location of Scania's (at that time a part of Denmark) best natural harbour, as a means of King Eric of Pomerania's anti-Hanseatic policy, intended to compete with Danish towns under Hanseatic control. A Carmelite monastery was founded in 1410, English merchants were granted the privileges in a royal charter in 1412, and the town itself was chartered in 1413. Landskrona was burned by the Hanseatic League in 1428.
The foundation was done at a place for a fishing settlement, historical described as Sønder Sæby ("sønder" means "southern"). Still today exists a very small settlement just north of the town, known as Säby (Sæby in Danish). This probably was the Nørre Sæby ("nørre" means "northern") in the beginning of the 15:th century, but since the southern village became the town, the need for distinguish northern and southern Sæby disappeared. The original name of the officially founded town was Landszkrone. But changed to Landskrone sometime before 1450.
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Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta (Swedish: Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately 72,000 inhabitants (31 January 2012) Lappeenranta is the 13th largest city in Finland. The neighboring municipality of Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2009, and the neighboring municipality of Ylämaa on January 1, 2010.
Lappeenranta was originally formed around a headland pointing to lake Saimaa. In the 16th century, the market place moved from Lappee's old centre Kauskila to the current fortress headland. The first mention of Lapwes, as it was called, is in a privilege charter from 1542 that subjugated the market place under Viborg's authority.
The town was chartered in 1649 by Queen Christina of Sweden, legitimizing the trade in the then popular marketplace of Lapvesi. However, the parliamentary privilege charter and the coat of arms were attested in 1652 after the town layout by Erik Aspegren was affirmed. At the time, Lappeenranta was an important port for tar.
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Liberiet
Liberiet is a building in central Lund, Sweden, south of Lund Cathedral. Originally used as a library, the building was built in the 15th century. Today it serves as a Pilgrim Center.
Media related to Liberiet at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 55°42′13.1″N 13°11′38.1″E / 55.703639°N 13.193917°E / 55.703639; 13.193917
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Linköping
Linköping [ˈlɪnːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in southern middle Sweden, with 104,232 inhabitants in 2010. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Nowadays Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral.
The city is possibly named after the Lionga ting assembly which according to Medieval Scandinavian laws was the most important thing in Östergötland. Exact location of the Lionga ting is not known, but it was along the Eriksgata. Köping means there was a market there.
Historically, Linköping is famed for being an early diocese, second in Sweden (within its pre-1658 boundaries) only to Skara. The diocese is first mentioned in 1104 in the so-called "List of Florence" (Lionga. Kaupinga). The monastery of Vreta Kloster near Roxen north of Linköping was established in 1128, and the oldest parts of the cathedral are also from the 12th century (although it has been changed many times since then, the eye-catching tower with copper roofing being a 19th century product). On several occasions attempts to achieve a separate Swedish archdiocese were based in Linköping, although, when they finally were successful in 1164, Uppsala was chosen instead.
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Lomma
Lomma is a locality and the seat of Lomma Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 10,837 inhabitants in 2010. Of the Scanian towns that never acquired town privileges before abolished in Sweden in 1971, Staffanstorp is the sixth largest.
The town is situated by the Øresund strait inwards in Scania. The base of the triangle follows the coast, approximately 25 kilometres starting in Malmö in the south. As a village it is mentioned in 14th century sources, but it would remain fairly insignificant in the shadow of more important towns such as Lund, Dalby and Malmö. An inn and the local hundred-jail with two cells were located there in the 19th century.
Lomma expanded in the late 19th century due to railways (1875 and 1892) and a sugar factory (1885), that all were abolished about 100 years later.
A second wave of expansion is marked by the construction of a suburb, chiefly for people working in the nearby cities of Lund and Malmö. The distance is approximately 15 minutes by car to the city centers. Some 35-45% of the inhabitants commute to work outside of the municipality. Starting in 1945 with a housing cooperative building three 3-story buildings, Lomma evolved from a village with a few industries and the local center in an agrarian district, to a suburb dominated by single-family detached homes. The population in 1952 was just slightly above 1.000. Between 1960 and 1975, the population tripled.
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Lomma Municipality
Lomma Municipality (Lomma kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden, about 10 km north of Malmö. Its seat is located in Lomma.
The present municipality was created through the amalgamation of the market town Lomma and the rural municipality Flädie. It took place in 1963, between the two nation-wide local government reforms of 1952 and 1971.
The small municipality borders to Kävlinge Municipality, Burlöv Municipality, Staffanstorp Municipality and Lund Municipality. As Burlöv also is notably small, Lomma Municipality almost borders to Malmö Municipality too.
It is situated by Öresund, at the inlet of the small river Höje å. Along the river lies a yacht marina. In the old industrial area along the river new appartements and villas are erected, with some facing the river or the beach. The beaches along its coasts also attract visitors from other municipalities; Lomma Municipality's beaches are the principal beaches for people from the beach-less Lund.
10 km to the north-east is the university city of Lund, with some 80,000 inhabitants, about the same distance as to Malmö (with its 285,000 inhabitants) to the south. Lomma Municipality is also considered part of Metropolitan Malmö, showing itself for instance by the 6,500 commuters that live in there. Travelling to and from Lomma Municipality is easy, as a main highway actually passes straight through the town of Lomma, connecting with Lund and Malmö, and with other cities to the north.
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Luleå
Luleå (Swedish: [ˈlʉːlɛo] ( listen), Lule sami Luleju, Finnish Luulaja) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden with 46,607 inhabitants in 2010. It is the seat of Luleå Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County.
The town of Luleå is situated on a peninsula where Lule Bay meets the Gulf of Bothnia; the bay stretches northwest and becomes the Lule River, allowing sea-based transportation across the county. The town's location on the peninsula of Svartöstaden required expansion, and therefore much of its ground area of 2110 square kilometres is human-made. Luleå also has urban areas built on the island of Hertsön which, thanks to Luleå's location, is Sweden's seventh most populated.
The harbour of Luleå — Sweden's fifth-largest port, which transports over seven million tons of cargo each year — is of particular significance for iron ore from LKAB's mining in Kiruna and Gällivare/Malmberget. During the winter, sea traffic continues at a virtually unchanged rate with the assistance of icebreakers; Luleå is the home port of the Swedish icebreaker armada.
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Lund
Lund (Swedish pronunciation: [lɵnd] ( listen)) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 82,800 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 110,824. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark. It soon became a major Christian center of the Baltic Sea region, at a time when the area was still a frontier area for Christian mission, and within Scandinavia and especially Denmark through the Middle Ages. From 1103 it was the seat of an archbishop. At the center of the city stands the towering Lund Cathedral, built ca 1090-1145.
Lund University, established 1666, is today one of Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research.
Along with Sigtuna, Lund is the oldest city in present-day Sweden. Lund's origins are unclear. Until the 1980s, the town was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute the Great of Denmark. The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. But, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to circa 990, possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra. The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century B.C. and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Loda to its present location, a distance of some five kilometres. The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford, gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.
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Lund Municipality
Lund Municipality (Lunds kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County, southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Lund.
As most municipalities in Sweden, the territory of Lund Municipality consists of a lot of former local government units, united in a series of amalgamations. The number of original entities (as of 1863) is 22. At the time of the nation-wide municipal reform of 1952 the number had been reduced to six. In 1967 the rural municipality Torn (itself created in 1952 was added to Lund. The City of Lund was made a unitary municipality in 1971 and amalgamated with Dalby, Genarp, Södra Sandby and Veberöd in 1974 completing the process.
Dalby Söderskog, one of Sweden's national parks, is located within the municipality between the Dalby and Lund.
There are nine urban areas (or localities) in Lund Municipality.
In the table the urban areas are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2010. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Lund has a sister city in each of the Nordic countries, as well as in other countries.
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Lund University
Lund University (Swedish: Lunds universitet) is one of Europe's most prestigious universities and Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research, consistently ranked among the world's top 100 universities. The university, located in the city of Lund in the province of Scania, Sweden, traces its roots back to 1425, when a Franciscan studium generale was founded in Lund next to the Lund Cathedral, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Scandinavia followed by studium generales in Uppsala in 1477 and Copenhagen in 1479. The current university was founded in 1666 after Sweden had won Scania in the 1658 peace agreement with Denmark.
Lund University has eight faculties, with additional campuses in the cities of Malmö and Helsingborg, with 47,000 students in more than 280 different programmes and around 2,250 separate courses. The University has some 680 partner universities in over 50 countries and it belongs to the League of European Research Universities as well as the global Universitas 21 network.
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Malmö
Malmö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen)), in the southernmost province of Scania, is Sweden's third largest city by population after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and is one of the largest cities in Scandinavia.
Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 300,515 inhabitants in eight different localities, with 30% being of foreign origin (either born outside of Sweden or having both parents born abroad). Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in Burlöv Municipality. The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010.
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized Metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Scania. On 30 June 2008, its population was recorded to be 628,388. The region covers an area of 2,535.76 square kilometres (979.06 sq mi). The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, are Burlöv, Eslöv, Höör, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Skurup, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Trelleborg and Vellinge. Lund, with a municipal population of over 100,000 and home to one of Scandinavia's major universities, is together with Malmö the region's economic and education hub.
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Malmö Municipality
Malmö Municipality (Swedish: Malmö kommun or Malmö stad) is a municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Malmö.
When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the old City of Malmö was made one of the country's 88 city municipalities and the first city council was elected. The municipal territory has been augmented through amalgamations in 1911, 1915, 1931, 1935, 1952, 1967 and finally in 1971.
In 1971 the city was also converted into a municipality of unitary type, like all others in Sweden. Malmö Municipality, however, styles itself Malmö stad (City of Malmö) in all cases when it is legally possible. This is a decision taken by the municipal assembly. It is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.
There are 8 urban areas (also called a tätort or locality) in Malmö Municipality.
In the table the urban areas are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
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Nordic countries
The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. In English, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries (but excluding Greenland), despite the fact that that word is most strictly defined to refer only to Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The region's five nation-states and three autonomous regions share much common history as well as common traits in their respective societies, such as political systems and the Nordic model. Politically, Nordic countries do not form a separate entity, but they co-operate in the Nordic Council. The Nordic countries have a combined population of approximately 25 million spread over a land area of 3.5 million km² (Greenland accounts for around 60% of the total area).
Although the area is linguistically heterogeneous, with three unrelated language groups, the common linguistic heritage is one of the factors making up the Nordic identity. The continental Scandinavian languages – Danish, Norwegian and Swedish – are considered mutually intelligible. These languages are taught in school throughout the Nordic countries; Swedish, for example, is a mandatory subject in Finnish schools, whereas Danish is mandatory in Icelandic, Faroese and Greenlandic schools. For this reason, (continental) Scandinavian language is considered the lingua franca of all of the Nordic countries. Besides these and the insular North Germanic languages Faroese and Icelandic, all belonging to the Indo-European language group, there are the Finnic and Sami branches of the Uralic languages, spoken respectively in northern Norway, Sweden and Finland, and Greenlandic, an Eskimo–Aleut language, spoken in Greenland.
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Norrköping
Norrköping [ˈnɔrːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.
The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish)
The city has medieval foundations by settlers around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Odense
The city of Odense (Danish pronunciation: [ˈoðˀn̩sə] ( listen)) is the third largest city in Denmark. Odense City has a population of 168,798 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and is the main city of the island of Funen. The city is the seat of Odense Municipality, with a population of 191,610 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]), and was the seat of Odense County until 1970, and Funen County from 1970 until 1 January 2007, when Funen County became part of the Region of Southern Denmark.
Odense (from Odins Vé, meaning "Odin's shrine", referring to the god Odin of Denmark's indigenous Norse mythology), is one of the oldest cities of Denmark and had its 1000th anniversary in 1988. To celebrate this, a forest named "the Thousand Year Forest" (Danish: Tusindårsskoven) was cultivated. The shrine of Saint Canute (Danish: Sankt Knud / Knud den Hellige) in Saint Canute's Cathedral held great attraction for pilgrims throughout the Middle Ages.
In the 16th century, the town was the meeting-place of several parliaments, and down to 1805 it was the seat of the provincial assembly of Funen.
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Osby
Osby is a locality and the seat of Osby Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,157 inhabitants in 2010.
Well known people born in Osby include Swedish ice hockey goalkeeper Magnus Åkerlund and their famous goalkeeper, the tremendous Awet Fesshaie. The toy manufacturer BRIO is based in Osby
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Osby Municipality
Osby Municipality (Osby kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Osby.
The amalgamation during the 1970s' local government reform took place in the area on January 1, 1974, when the former market town Osby (itself instituted as such in 1937) was merged with three adjacent rural municipalities.
There are 3 localities (or built-up areas) in Osby Municipality.
In the table the localities are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
The municipality is twinned with:
Coordinates: 56°22′N 13°59′E / 56.367°N 13.983°E / 56.367; 13.983
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] ( listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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Oulu
Oulu (pronounced [ˈoulu] ( listen), Swedish: Uleåborg [ˈʉːleɔˌbɔrj]) is a city and municipality of 143,988 inhabitants (31 January 2012) in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland and the sixth most populous city in the country. It is one of the northernmost larger cities in the world.
Oulu was founded on April 8, 1605, by King Charles IX of Sweden opposite to the fort built on the island of Linnansaari. This took place after favourable peace settlements with the Russians, which removed the threat of attack via the main east-west waterway, the river Oulu. The surrounding areas were populated much earlier. Oulu is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of river Oulujoki, which is an ancient trading site. One possible source for the name Oulu is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009.
In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city. The architect Carl Ludvig Engel, chiefly known for the neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square, was enlisted to provide the plan for the rebuilding of the city. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844.
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Perstorp
Perstorp is a locality and the seat of Perstorp Municipality in Skåne County, Sweden with 5,665 inhabitants in 2010. It is twinned with Newton Aycliffe, a town in the North-East of England.
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Pori
Pori (Swedish: Björneborg) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. It was established in 1558 by John III (Finnish: Juhana III or Juhana-herttua). Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region.
The municipality has a population of 83,192 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 1,704.07 square kilometres (657.95 sq mi) of which 870.01 km2 (335.91 sq mi) is water. The population density is 99.74 /km2 (258.3 /sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Pori is the 11th largest city in Finland, and the 7th largest urban area.
The Neo-Gothic Juselius Mausoleum, located in the Käppärä cemetery in central Pori, was built in 1903 by the wealthy industrialist F.A. Juselius for his daughter Sigrid, who died when she was only 11 years old. The mausoleum was designed by the architect Josef Stenbäck. The mausoleum originally had frescoes painted by artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, but these decayed after a short time. The frescoes were restored by Akseli's son Jorma Gallen-Kallela using his father's sketches.
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Randers
Randers (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑnɐs]) is a city in Randers municipality (Aarhus County, Region Midtjylland) on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city, with a population of 61,121 (1 January 2012). Randers city is the main town of the municipality and the site of its municipal council.
Randers municipality has 94,750 inhabitants (2010). The municipality is also a part of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which has 1.2 million inhabitants..
Randers, Denmark's only natural river harbour, is on the banks of the River Guden (Gudenå), about 6 miles (10 km) above its mouth in Randers Fjord, and 111 miles (179 km) west-northwest of Copenhagen. This location has had great significance for trade by sea. Barges on the Guden River and the Northern River (Nørreå) transported goods into Randers from Silkeborg and Viborg for export. In return, items were imported.
A vast agricultural area, and good transportation by land and by water, helped make Randers a dynamic center for trade and commerce. Known for the many access roads leading into the city, it has engendered the popular saying, "Where the waterway meets the 13 highways" ("Hvor søvejen møder de 13 landeveje").
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Revingeby
Revingeby is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 545 inhabitants in 2010.
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Reykjavik
Reykjavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] (
listen)) is the capital and largest city in Iceland.
Its latitude, at 64°08' N, makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík Area), it is the heart of Iceland's economic and governmental activity.
Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have established around 870 C.E. Until the 18th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities.
The first permanent settlement in Iceland by Norsemen is believed to have been established in Reykjavík by Ingólfur Arnarson around AD 870; this is described in Landnámabók, or the Book of Settlement. Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have decided the location of his settlement using a traditional Viking method; by casting his high seat pillars (Öndvegissúlur) into the ocean when he saw the coastline, then settled where the pillars came to shore. Steam from hot springs in the region is said to have inspired Reykjavík's name, which loosely translates to Smoke Cove (the city is often referred to as the Bay of Smokes or Bay of Smoke) The original name was Reykjarvík with an additional "r" that vanished around 1300.[citation needed]
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Scania
Scania ( Skåne (help·info) in Swedish) is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces (landskap) of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision (län) Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the province. The largest city is Malmö, which is also the third largest in Sweden and the administrative centre of Skåne County.
To the north, Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland, to the north-east Blekinge, to the east and south the Baltic Sea, and to the west the Öresund strait. Since 2000 a road and railway bridge, the Øresund Bridge constitutes a fixed link to the Danish island of Zealand. It is part of the transnational Öresund Region.
The province, up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, formed part of the kingdom of Denmark. The transition to Sweden was later confirmed by the Treaty of Copenhagen 1660, the Peace of Lund 1679, the Peace of Travendal 1700. The last serious Danish attempt to retake the province failed in 1710, after the Battle of Helsingborg. The period 1658–1720 saw widespread violence by the Swedish military against the population. The region did not form part of Sweden proper until 1720, but had the status of conquered "foreign land" until that year. Until the early 19th century, a policy of forced assimilation was employed by the Swedish government in what until then had been a linguistically Danish region.
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Scania County
Skåne County (Skåne län), also known as Scania County in English, is the southernmost administrative county or län, of Sweden, basically corresponding to the traditional province Scania (which in Swedish is called Skåne). It borders the counties of Halland, Kronoberg and Blekinge. The seat of residence for the Skåne Governor is the town of Malmö. The headquarters of Region Skåne is the town of Kristianstad.
The present county was created in 1997 when Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County were merged, and it covers around 3% of Sweden's total area, but its population of 1,250,000 comprises 13% of Sweden's total population.
When the new county was established in 1997, it was decided to name it after the historical province Scania, or Skåne, as it is called in Swedish, so it was given the name Skåne län. The most common name used in English is Skåne County, even if the form Scania County is not uncommon. It can not be considered wrong to use either form in English.
The coat of arms for Skåne County is the same as for the province of Scania only with the tinctures reversed and the crown, beak and tongue of the Griffin in the same color. When the arms is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board, which is the regional presence of (royal) government authority. Blazon: "Gules, a Griffin's head erased Or, crowned and armed the same".
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Seinäjoki
Seinäjoki is a city located in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Seinäjoki originated around the Östermyra bruk iron and gunpowder factories founded in 1798. Seinäjoki became a municipality in 1868, market town in 1931 and town in 1960. In the beginning of 2009, the neighbouring municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro were consolidated with Seinäjoki.
The Town library, Lakeuden Risti church and central administrative buildings are designed by Alvar Aalto.
The asteroid 1521 Seinäjoki bears the town's name.
Seinäjoki was historically called Östermyra in Swedish. Today this name is very seldom used even among the Swedish speakers. Literal translation for Seinäjoki is "Wallriver".
Seinäjoki Airport is located in the neighbouring municipality of Ilmajoki, 11 kilometres (10 mi) south of Seinäjoki city centre.
The settlement spread in the area of the present Seinäjoki during the first half of the 16th century. During the 1550s there is said to have been three houses in Seinäjoki, Marttila, Jouppi and Uppa houses. House of Jouppila, which separated from the house of Jouppi, was established during the same century. All of the houses were located on the shore of the river.
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Sigtuna
Sigtuna is a locality situated in Sigtuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 8,444 inhabitants in 2010. It is the namesake of the municipality even though the seat is in Märsta.
Sigtuna is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a city. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities.
Although less significant today, Sigtuna has an important place in Sweden's early history. It is the oldest city in Sweden, having been founded in 980. The history of Sigtuna before the 11th century, as described in the Norse sagas and other early medieval sources, can be found in the article Old Sigtuna.
Sigtuna has a picturesque medieval town centre with restaurants, cafes and small shops. The old church ruins, runic stones and "Stora Gatan" (Main Street) are popular attractions for tourists especially in summertime. The small streets with the low built wooden houses lead up to several handicrafts shops and the old tiny city hall, Sigtuna Rådhus. There are restaurants and a hotel (Stadshotellet) in the town centre.
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Simrishamn
Simrishamn is a locality and the seat of Simrishamn Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,527 inhabitants in 2010. Simrishamn is, despite its small population, for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city.
Simrishamn is a picturesque coastal town, built around the main street (Storgatan), that passes the market square, itself being the center of the town.
Simrishamn is first mentioned (as Symbrishafn) in 1161 and as a town in 1361. Simris has been interpreted as "the mouth of the slow-flowing (river)", meaning present-day Tommarpsån. It has been speculated that the name should have something to do with the Cimbri, a Germanic tribe, but that is a very unlikely theory. In 1658, when Scania under the Treaty of Roskilde was permanently transferred from Denmark to Sweden, the town had a population of about 200 people. The growth was relatively small until about 1810 when it reached 700 inhabitants, growing to 1365 in 1850 and 1966 in 1890. The local government reform of 1971 made Simrishamn the seat of Simrishamn Municipality with about 20,000 inhabitants.
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Sjöbo
Sjöbo is a locality and the seat of Sjöbo Municipality in Skåne County, Sweden with 6,724 inhabitants in 2010.
Sjöbo started growing when it became a halt on the railway between Malmö (to the west) and Simrishamn (to the east) in the early 20th century. Today the town of Sjöbo cannot be reached by rail, but a road through central Scania crosses the municipality and town, while another large road from east to west also crosses it.
Sjöbo possess the Guinness World Record for the biggest "spettekaka" ever made. "Spettekaka" ("spit cake") is a cake made out of flour, sugar and eggs and baked on a skewer.
The town is also associated with many cases of opposition to immigration (see Refugee controversy in Sjöbo). In the 2010 election, the anti-immigration Sweden Democrats received 16% of the vote, the highest of any municipality.
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Sjöbo Municipality
Sjöbo Municipality (Sjöbo kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town Sjöbo.
The present municipality was created in 1974 when the former market town (köping) Sjöbo was amalgamated with the surrounding rural municipalities. There are fifteen original entities within today's municipality.
There are 9 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Sjöbo Municipality.
In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Sjöbo Municipality reached into the publics eye in Sweden in 1988 when under the leadership of the Municipal Commissioner Sven-Olle Olsson it voted by a majority of 67% in a referendum, that it would not accept foreign asylum seekers. Most other municipalities in Sweden accepted refugees that came from troubled countries such as former Yugoslavia and Iraq.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, immigration, high unemployment and the fiscal burdens on local governments who were obliged to integrate refugees, and the influence of Sjöbo Municipality's refusal to accept refugees in 1987, led to the adoption of a combined immigration and integration system in the "Aliens Act" of 1989.
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Skurup
Skurup is a locality and the seat of Skurup Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 7,565 inhabitants in 2010.
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Skurup Municipality
Skurup Municipality (Skurups kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town Skurup. It is considered part of Greater Malmö by Statistics Sweden.
The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the market town (köping) of Skurup was merged with Rydsgård and Vemmenhög.
There are 4 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Skurup Municipality. In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Coordinates: 55°29′N 13°30′E / 55.483°N 13.5°E / 55.483; 13.5
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Skåne County
Skåne County (Skåne län), also known as Scania County in English, is the southernmost administrative county or län, of Sweden, basically corresponding to the traditional province Scania (which in Swedish is called Skåne). It borders the counties of Halland, Kronoberg and Blekinge. The seat of residence for the Skåne Governor is the town of Malmö. The headquarters of Region Skåne is the town of Kristianstad.
The present county was created in 1997 when Kristianstad County and Malmöhus County were merged, and it covers around 3% of Sweden's total area, but its population of 1,250,000 comprises 13% of Sweden's total population.
When the new county was established in 1997, it was decided to name it after the historical province Scania, or Skåne, as it is called in Swedish, so it was given the name Skåne län. The most common name used in English is Skåne County, even if the form Scania County is not uncommon. It can not be considered wrong to use either form in English.
The coat of arms for Skåne County is the same as for the province of Scania only with the tinctures reversed and the crown, beak and tongue of the Griffin in the same color. When the arms is shown with a royal crown it represents the County Administrative Board, which is the regional presence of (royal) government authority. Blazon: "Gules, a Griffin's head erased Or, crowned and armed the same".
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Skövde
Skövde is a locality and the seat of Skövde Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 34,466 inhabitants in 2010.
Skövde is situated some 150 km northeast of Gothenburg, between Sweden's two largest lakes, Vänern and Vättern. It sits on the eastern slope of a low mountain ridge Billingen (299 m), which cuts through the plain between the lakes. The western main railway (Västra Stambanan) was built through Skövde in the 1890s, which gave the town a dramatic industrial and population boost.
Skövde traces its history back to the medieval age. In its city arms is the image of Saint Helena who allegedly was a pious woman from Skövde. She was born about 1101, and was canonized in 1165 by Pope Alexander III and Archbishop Stefan of Sweden.
Of the medieval houses nothing remains, as a fire in 1759 burned down the entire city except for some houses called Helensgården. After the fire, the city was rebuilt according to a grid pattern. The city still only had a small population until the railroad between Stockholm and Gothenburg was laid through the city, leading to an industrial and population boost.
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Staffanstorp
Staffanstorp is a locality and the seat of Staffanstorp Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 14,808 inhabitants in 2010. Of the Scanian towns that never acquired town privileges before abolished in Sweden in 1971, Staffanstorp is the largest.
The town is cituated at the center of a large triangular fertile plain, reaching approximately 25 kilometres from the Øresund strait inwards in Scania. The base of the triangle follows the coast, approximately 25 kilometres starting in Malmö in the south. As a village it is mentioned in 14th century sources, but it would remain fairly insignificant in the shadow of more important towns such as Lund, Dalby and Malmö. An inn and the local hundred-jail with two cells were located there in the 19th century.
Staffanstorp expanded in the late 19th century due to railways (1875 and 1892) and a sugar factory (1885), that all were abolished about 100 years later.
A second wave of expansion is marked by the construction of a suburb, chiefly for people working in the nearby cities of Lund and Malmö. The distance is approximately 15 minutes by car to the city centers. Some 35-45% of the inhabitants commute to work outside of the municipality. Starting in 1945 with a housing cooperative building three 3-story buildings, Staffanstorp evolved from a village with a few industries and the local center in an agrarian district, to a suburb dominated by single-family detached homes. The population in 1952 was just slightly above 1.000. Between 1960 and 1975, the population tripled.
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Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån, SCB) is the Swedish government agency responsible for producing official statistics regarding Sweden. National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Office of Tables (Tabellverket), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
As of 2008[update], the agency had approximately 1,400 employees. The offices of the agency are located in Stockholm and Örebro. Statistics Sweden publishes the Journal of Official Statistics.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Stäket (Lund)
Stäket is one of the oldest buildings remaining in Lund. It currently serves as a restaurant which is also called Stäket.
Coordinates: 55°42′5.5″N 13°11′32.5″E / 55.701528°N 13.192361°E / 55.701528; 13.192361
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Stångby
Stångby is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 1,218 inhabitants in 2010.
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Sundsvall
Sundsvall (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsɵn(d)sˈvalː]) is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. It has a population of 50,712 as of 2010; more than 95,000 live in the surrounding municipal area.
The town was chartered in 1621, and a first urban plan for Sundsvall was probably created by Olof Bure in 1642, less likely in 1623. It has a port by the Gulf of Bothnia, and is located 395 km north of Stockholm. The city has burned down and been rebuilt four times. The first time, in 1721, it was set on fire by the Russian army during the Great Northern War. The last fire, in 1888, was the largest in Sweden's history. It is presumed that the fire was caused by a spark from a steamship. After that fire, the city centre was rebuilt only with stone buildings. Sundsvall's centre is therefore nicknamed Stenstaden (the stone city).
According to one historian,[who?] Swedish industrialism started in Sundsvall when the Tunadal sawmill bought a steam-engine driven saw in 1849. In the early 20th century Sundsvall was an even greater centre of forestry industry in Sweden than it is today. The first large Swedish strike was the "Sundsvall strike" in 1879. The industrial heritage makes social democrat and socialist sympathies more prevalent in the Sundsvall region than in Sweden as a whole.
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Svalöv
Svalöv is a locality and the seat of Svalöv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 3,633 inhabitants in 2010.
The following sports clubs are located in Svalöv:
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Svalöv Municipality
Svalöv Municipality (Svalövs kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town Svalöv.
The local government reform of 1952 grouped the 15 original entities into six larger municipalities. In two steps, 1969 and 1971 they were amalgamated to form the present municipality.
The most common housing category is one-family houses.
There are local pågatåg trains connecting Teckomatorp, in the south of the municipality, with Malmö, Lund and Helsingborg. To get to the town of Svalöv, one can take a bus (approximately 15 minutes) from Teckomatorp.
The villages Röstånga, Kågeröd, Teckomatorp, Svalöv itself and parts of Söderåsen National Park are located in the municipality. The villages are all connected via local buses.
Knutstorp Castle is situated in the municipality. The famous astronomer Tycho Brahe was born there.
There are 6 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Svalöv Municipality.
In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
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Svedala
Svedala is a locality and the seat of Svedala Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 10,627 inhabitants in 2010.
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Svedala Municipality
Svedala Municipality (Svedala kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden, just southeast of Malmö. Its seat is located in the town of Svedala.
The present municipality is the result of a series of amalgamations, carried out in 1952, 1967, 1974 and 1977. Svedala was last municipality to be completed during the local government reform of the 1970s. There had been considerations of adding the whole or parts of the territory to Malmö Municipality.
There exists a city partnership between Svedala Municipality and Bergen auf Rügen, Germany.
There are 5 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Svedala Municipality.
In the table the urban areas are listed according to the size of the population as of 2010. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
The event SommarRock (Summer Rock) is held every year in Svedala the second week in July. In 2011 the event attracted 12.200 visitors. Popular bands are The Ark, Mustasch, September and Wilmer X. 2012 marks its 25th anniversary, since its start in 1987.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Södertälje
Södertälje (Swedish pronunciation: [sœdəˈʈɛlːˈjə] ( listen)) is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 64,619 inhabitants in 2010.
The industrial city, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Stockholm, is the home to truck maker Scania AB and a top 10 pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca.
Södertälje is an international municipality and this fact is reflected in business, cultural life and the population.
Prior to 600 AD, the lake Mälaren was connected to the sea. Due to land elevation, the lake was slowly cut off, and boats had to be carried over land to and from the lake.
The name Telje is mentioned in the 11th century. To resolve a name conflict with another town that was founded north of Stockholm in the 17th century, Söder (meaning south) was added to create Södertälje; Norr (North) was added to the other to create Norrtälje.
In the 18th century Södertälje had a charter. Due to the Great Northern War and a series of plague epidemics, the population of the city dipped to barely above 200.
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Södra Sandby
Södra Sandby is the second largest locality in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,136 inhabitants in 2010.
It is situated about 10 km east of Lund and 30 km north-east of Malmö. Södra Sandy is known for its beautiful landscape and its child friendly atmosphere.
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Tampere
Tampere (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtɑmpere] ( listen); Swedish: Tammerfors [tamərˈfɔrs] or [tamərˈfɔʂ]) is a city in southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of 215,315, growing to approximately 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area. Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the Greater Helsinki municipalities of Helsinki and Espoo. In 2007, the entire Pirkanmaa region had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros.
Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of Finland" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock".
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Tomelilla
Tomelilla is a locality and the seat of Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne County, Sweden with 6,444 inhabitants in 2010.
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Torna Hällestad
Torna Hällestad is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 584 inhabitants in 2010.
The town church, dating from the 12th century, features mural paintings from the 15th century. Three runestones, dating from the 10th century, were walled in to the structure in the 19th century.
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Trollhättan
Trollhättan (Swedish pronunciation: [trɔlhɛtan]) is a city and the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 46,457 inhabitants in 2010. It is located 75 km north of Sweden's second-largest city, Gothenburg.
Trollhättan was founded by the river Göta älv, at the location of Trollhättan Falls. The site was first mentioned in literature from 1413. For centuries, Trollhättan was an obstacle for the boats travelling the river, up until a lock system was completed in the 19th century. It has since been updated several times and the present locks were finished in 1916.
In the late 19th century, hydropower was developed in Trollhättan. The Swedish energy corporation Vattenfall ("waterfall") took its name from the falls in Trollhättan. Today the city has two operational hydropower stations, Olidan and Håjum. The hydropower has helped the city in its industrial revolution.
Trollhättan was granted city rights (which today have no legal effect, but is purely historical) in 1916 at which time it had about 15,000 inhabitants, now grown to 54,000.
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Trondheim
Trondheim (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔnhæjm]), historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 176,348, it is the third most populous municipality in Norway and city in the country, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.
The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and was the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the seat of the Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.
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Tumba, Sweden
Tumba is a bimunicipal locality and the seat of Botkyrka Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden with 37,852 inhabitants in 2010. A part of its statistical urban area, called Rönninge, is in Salem Municipality. The population is 35,311 (2005). The Swedish krona banknotes are printed by Crane AB at Tumba Bruk, in Tumba. Tumba is situated half-way between Stockholm and Södertälje and is considered a Stockholm suburb. In Tumba and Rönninge there are stations on the Stockholm commuter rail network.
Tumba also holds a High School (Tumba gymnasium) with almost 1.000 students. The Alfa Laval company was founded in Tumba by Gustaf de Laval and remains present in the suburb, as does DeLaval, split from Alfa Laval in 1991. Tumba is very diverse with both high rise apartment buildings and single family houses. Tumba also has a shopping mall, Tumba Centrum, situated by the railway station.
The well known Melodic death metal band Amon Amarth is from Tumba.
What makes Tumba different from the communities in northern Botkyrka is that it doesn’t stem from a big farm with roots way back in time. The people of prehistory preferred to live close to the shores. Tumba was an inland country. That’s why traces of man during prehistory are relatively rare. The big change took place during 1755 when the bank of Sweden bought a small farm and started a papermill. Around the papermill came a community that developed with its own school and houses for the workers to live in. The next big step was taken when the railroad came in 1860. Soon afterwards a society started to grow around the stationhouse. This society had commerce, police, and a movie theatre. A few houses from that period are still left. In 1894 ‘Separator’ (DeLaval) bought Hamra Gard and transformed it into a farm specialized in milkprocessing. It soon became a big industry. From the beginning these three parts were separate but grew together. The communities of both the papermill and Hamra are well kept.
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Turku
Turku (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈturku] ( listen); Swedish: Åbo [ˈoːbu] ( listen)) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed to have been first settled around the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland. It quickly became the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years. After Finland became part of the Russian Empire (1809), and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland, until the end of the 1840s. Today it remains a regional capital and an important business and cultural center.
Because of its long history it has been the site of many important events, and has extensively influenced Finnish history. Along with Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011. In 1996 it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland.
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Täby
Täby is a trimunicipal locality and the seat of Täby Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden, with 61,272 inhabitants in 2010. It is also partly located in Danderyd Municipality (the Enebyberg area) and Sollentuna Municipality. However, Täby kyrkby in the northern part of Täby Municipality, forms part of the Vallentuna urban area.
Täby consists of the following districts: Arninge, Ella Gård, Ella Park, Enebyberg, Ensta, Erikslund, Gribbylund, Hägernäs, Lahäll, Löttingelund, Lövbrunna, Näsbypark, Roslags Näsby, Skarpäng, Täby Centrum, Viggbyholm, Vallatorp, and Visinge.
Täby is famous for its racecourse, which is called "Täby Galopp". The course opened in 1960 and it replaced the earlier course Ulriksdal in Solna. The Center of Täby is called "Täby centrum", and it is the largest mall in Sweden.
European route E18 and Norrortsleden pass through Täby, as does the urban railway Roslagsbanan.
The name Täby is derived from tä, which is an old word that was used for "narrow road between roundpole fences", and by which means village. It is therefore believed that the Täby area was rich in such roads in the Viking age. The name Täby is found carved into the Jarlabanke Runestones, close to Täby church.
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Umeå
Umeå (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʉːmɛo] ( listen); Finnish: Uumaja, Northern Sami: Ubmi) is a university town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County. The city is located at the Ume River.
Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland and the twelfth biggest in Sweden, with 79,594 inhabitants in 2010. The municipality has 115,229 inhabitants as of 2010. When the university was established in 1965, growth sped up, and the number of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. As of 2011[update], 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.
Umeå is a center of education, technical and medical research in Sweden, with two universities and over 30,000 students. The city is elected European Capital of Culture of 2014.
The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, were settled by Sami people before this time, though not necessarily in the city's exact location. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there.
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Upplands Väsby
Upplands Väsby is a bimunicipal locality and the seat of Upplands Väsby Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 37,594 inhabitants in 2010.
When the Stockholm-Uppsala railway was opened in the 1860s, a station was built near the mansion Väsby. Some industries were attracted to the spot, and a settlement grew.
The name of the town became Upplands Väsby. That name was taken from the post office, which was called so in 1919, in order to distinguish it from several other places around the country, also named Väsby. The railway station, however, was called just Väsby until 1939.
After the Swedish municipal reform of 1952, the town became the seat and namesake of a municipality. With close to 40,000 inhabitants Upplands Väsby is the 27th largest locality (tätort) in Sweden, having a favourable location between Stockholm and Arlanda Airport.
The rock bands Europe, Therion and H.E.A.T all hail from Upplands Väsby.
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Uppsala
Uppsala (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɵpːˈsɑːla]; older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden. It had 140,454 inhabitants in 2010.
Located 67 km north of the capital, Stockholm, it is also the seat of the Uppsala Municipality. Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden. Founded in 1477, Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia.
Uppsala was originally located a few kilometres to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main pagan centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods.
As a replacement for the Scandinavian gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre. A bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an archdiocese, with Stefan, a monk from Alvastra Abbey, being consecrated the first Archbishop of Uppsala and primate of Sweden.
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Uppåkra
Uppåkra is a village located five kilometres south of Lund in Scania in southernmost Sweden.
Uppåkra was situated on the ancient main road between Trelleborg and Helsingborg in what was to become the Danish kingdom. The original foundation of Uppåkra is dated to the first century AD, although its importance appears to have increased in the fifth century. It seems likely that the rulers of Uppåkra by then wielded influence over most or all of West Scania, i.e. the land along the Trelleborg–Helsingborg main road, known for extraordinarily fertile plains.
After having been burnt down, possibly by "Norwegians" in connection with power struggles between different magnates during the process of unification of Denmark, the town of Uppåkra was relocated to Lund in the 990s. Hence Uppåkra is held to be the direct predecessor of the city of Lund.
Archaeological investigations have only recently begun at Uppåkra, compared to for example Birka, a better known site where digs have taken place for a longer time. One reason is that Uppåkra is not mentioned in records from the Viking Age or earlier. In contrast Lund and Dalby both have a long history by Scandinavian standards, dating to the 10th century, and have thus attracted more attention from both historians and archaeologists. In addition, Uppåkra is situated on one of the most fertile areas in Scania, which means that agricultural concerns have prevailed over historical.
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Vaasa
Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa) is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Today, Vaasa has a population of 60,435 (31 January 2012) (approximately 90,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten, Finnish: Pohjanmaa).
The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The city is an important centre for Finland-Swedish culture.[citation needed]
Over the years, Vaasa has changed its name several times, due to alternative spellings, political decisions and language condition changes. At first it was called Mustasaari or Mussor after the village where it was founded in 1606, but just a few years later the name was changed to Wasa to honor the royal Swedish lineage. Mustasaari (Finnish) or Korsholm (Swedish) remains as the name of the surrounding mostly rural municipality, which since 1973 surrounds the city. The city was known as Wasa between 1606 and 1855, Nikolaistad (Swedish) and Nikolainkaupunki (Finnish) between 1855 and 1917, Vasa (Swedish) and Vaasa (Finnish) beginning from 1917, with the Finnish spelling of the name being the primary one from ca 1930 when Finnish speakers became the majority in the city.
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Veberöd
Veberöd is a locality situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 4,062 inhabitants in 2010. It is near Vombsjö, the lake that supplies the water to Malmö.
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Vellinge
Vellinge is a locality and the seat of Vellinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,304 inhabitants in 2010.
It was ranked the number 2 "best place to live" in Sweden - and the best in the south of Sweden - in Fokus magazine's 2009 survey.
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Västerås
Västerås [vɛstərˈoːs] (English exonym: West Aros) is a city in central Sweden, located on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province Västmanland, some 100 km west of Stockholm. The city has a population of 110,877 inhabitants in 2010, out of the municipal total of 137,207 (2010).
Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality, the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see.
Västerås is one of the oldest cities in Sweden and Northern Europe. The name originates from Västra Aros, which refers to the river mouth of Svartån. The area has been populated since the Nordic Viking Age, before 1000 AD. In the beginning of the 11th century it was the second largest city in Sweden, and by the 12th century had become the seat of the bishop.
Anundshög is located just outside the City of Västerås. Anundshög is Sweden's largest burial mound. "Hög" is derived from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound or barrow. It was built about 500 AD and is over 74 yards wide and is almost 10 yards high.
In the ensuing centuries a cathedral and a monastery were built. The first City Arms date from the end of the 13th century.
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Växjö
Växjö ([ˈvɛkːˈɧøː]) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 60,887 inhabitants in 2010. It is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of Kronoberg County. Furthermore it is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö. It has a population of about 64,200, out of a municipal total of 83,000 inhabitants. The town is home to Linnaeus University.
The city's name is believed to be constructed from the words "väg" (road) and "sjö" (lake), meaning the road over the frozen Växjö Lake that farmers took in the winter to get to the marketplace that later became the city.
In contrast to what was believed a century ago, there is no evidence of a special pre-Christian significance of the site. The pagan cultic center of Värend may have been located at Hov, a village nearby.
Even though the city has been an Episcopal see since the 12th century, it did not get its city charter until 1342, issued by Magnus Eriksson. During the Middle Ages Växjö did not have many pious institutions. A Franciscan monastery was established in 1485. There was a hospital of the Holy Ghost, first mentioned in 1318. In the 14th century Växjö got its first school, Växjö katedralskola, that was much visited. By 1643 it received gymnasium status.
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Ystad
Ystad (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈyːsta]) is a town, and the seat of Ystad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden, with 18,350 inhabitants in 2010. The settlement dates back to the 11th century and the town has become a busy ferryport, local administrative centre and tourist attraction. It is associated with the fictional detective Kurt Wallander whose stories, by Henning Mankell, are set in Ystad.
In 1285, the town's name was written Ystath. Its original meaning is not fully understood, but probably the "y" has something to do with an old word for the yew tree,-stad is town, or rather place. In Danish times before 1658 the spelling was Ysted.
After Absalon, Bishop of Roskilde and Archbishop of Lund, peace was brought to the area in the 11th century, fishing families settled at the mouth of the river Vassa as herring fishing became the main source of trade. Ystad was not mentioned in documents until 1244, in a record of King Eric's visit to the town with his brother, Abel. A Franciscan monastery, Gråbrödraklostret, was founded in 1267, and Ystad joined the Hanseatic League in the 14th century.
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Ystad Municipality
Ystad Municipality (Ystads kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the city Ystad.
The present municipality was created in 1971 by the amalgamation of the former City of Ystad with four surrounding municipalities.
There are nine urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Ystad Municipality.
In the table the urban areas are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005. The municipal seat is in bold characters.
Ystad is twinned with:
Coordinates: 55°25′N 13°50′E / 55.417°N 13.833°E / 55.417; 13.833
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Ängelholm
Ängelholm is a locality and the seat of Ängelholm Municipality in Skåne County, Sweden with 23,240 inhabitants in 2010.
It is known for its clay cuckoos — a special kind of ocarina. This is however a dying tradition as there is now only one producer of clay cuckoos, Sofia Nilsson.
Tourism is an important industry to the city. Its most valued resource in this respect is a popular 6-kilometer long sandy beach right outside the town. The winds in Skälderviken bay make the beach an attractive resort for sailors, wave surfers and wind surfers.
Here is also an ice cream manufacturer, Engelholms Glass which produces about 1.2 million litres of ice-cream every year.
A special sight of Ängelholm is the UFO-Memorial Ängelholm.
The old settlement Rynestad was mentioned around the year 1600. The new city got its charter from king Christian II of Denmark in 1516. The town remained small for centuries. Following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Ängelholm, together with the rest of Scania, was assigned by Denmark to Sweden. The town began to grow in the 19th century due to industrialization. It was also a garrison town until 1883 and had an airforce base between 1941 and 2002. The high-performance car manufacturer Koenigsegg Automotive is based on the premises of the decommissioned F 10 Ängelholm airbase.
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Åstorp
Åstorp is a bimunicipal locality and the seat of Åstorp Municipality in Skåne County, Sweden with 9,488 inhabitants in 2010. It is also partly located in Ängelholm Municipality.
Åstorp is a railway junction located at the European route E4 close to Helsingborg. Åstorp has a station on the local line Helsingborg-Hässleholm-Kristianstad located 25 minutes from Helsingborg and 70 minutes from Kristianstad.
Åstorp grew in importance when the railway from Helsingborg to Hässleholm-Stockholm was completed in 1875. In 1886 a railway to Malmö was completed, and in 1888 Åstorp became a main junction when the Malmö-Gothenburg line was completed. These lines are still in use, although passenger traffic Malmö-Gothenburg is re-routed via Helsingborg-Ängelholm. The Ängelholm-Åstorp-Teckomatorp line is a main route for cargo trains to Malmö. Åstorp is connected to Helsingborg via two routes, one entering Helsingborg from the north and one from the south via Ramlösa.
Åstorp has also been connected with railroads to Landskrona, to Eslöv via Klippan, to Markaryd-Ljungby and to Höganäs-Mölle although traffic is discontinued and most of the tracks have been removed.
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Åstorp Municipality
Åstorp Municipality (Åstorps kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Åstorp.
In 1974 "old" Åstorp (a market town (köping) since 1946) was amalgamated with Kvidinge to form the present municipality.
There are 3 urban areas (also called a Tätort or locality) in Åstorp Municipality.
In the table they are listed according to the size of the population as of December 31, 2005.
A small part of Åstorp is situated in Ängelholm Municipality.
Coordinates: 56°08′N 12°57′E / 56.133°N 12.95°E / 56.133; 12.95
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Örebro
Örebro [œrəˈbruː] is a city, the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden with 107,038 inhabitants in 2010.
Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.
Örebro literally means a bridge over gravel banks, which is how the geography looks, with the stream Svartån draining into the lake Hjälmaren. The location became a natural seat of commerce in the (Scandinavian) medieval time, and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise the magnificent Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the early 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s.
Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.
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Öresund
The Sound (Danish Øresund, Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐsɔnˀ], or Swedish Öresund, pronounced [œrəˈsɵnd]), locally known as Sundet, is the strait that separates the Danish island Zealand from the southern Swedish province of Scania. Its width is just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) at the narrowest point between Kronborg Castle at Elsinore (Helsingør in Danish) in Denmark, and the northern harbour of Helsingborg in Scania, Sweden. The strait has also lent its name to the Øresund Region of 3.8 million inhabitants on both the Danish and Swedish sides.
Øresund is one of the three Danish Straits that connects the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak and the North Sea, and is one of the busiest waterways in the world.
The Øresund Bridge (which includes a 3 km tunnel) between Danish capital Copenhagen and the largest city of Scania, Malmö was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Ferries run around the clock between Helsingborg, Sweden and Helsingør, Denmark.
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Öresund Bridge
The Øresund or Öresund Bridge (Danish: Øresundsbroen, Swedish: Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name: Øresundsbron) is a combined twin-track railway and dual carriageway bridge-tunnel across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark.
The bridge runs nearly 8 km (5 miles) from the Swedish coast to the artificial island of Peberholm, which lies in the middle of the strait. The remainder of the link is by tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager. The Øresund Bridge is the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe, and connects two major metropolitan areas: those of the Danish capital city of Copenhagen and the major Swedish city of Malmö. Furthermore, the Øresund Bridge connects the road and rail networks of Scandinavia with those of Central and Western Europe.
The international European route E20 crosses this bridge-tunnel via the road, and the Oresund Line uses the railway. The construction of the Great Belt Fixed Link – which connects Zealand to Funen and thence to the Jutland Peninsula – and the Oresund Bridge have connected Central and Western Europe to Scandinavia by road and rail. The Oresund Bridge was designed by the Danish architectural practice Dissing+Weitling.
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Örkelljunga
Örkelljunga is a locality and the seat of Örkelljunga Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 4,818 inhabitants in 2010.
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Östersund
Östersund (Swedish pronunciation: [œstəˈʂɵnd]) (Southern Sami: Staara) is an urban area (city) in Jämtland in the middle of Sweden. It is the seat of Östersund Municipality and the capital of Jämtland County. Östersund is located at the shores of Sweden's fifth largest lake, Storsjön, opposite the island Frösön, and is the only city in Jämtland. Östersund is the region's cultural and economical centre and by tradition a city of trade and commerce. Östersund had one of the most extensive garrisons in Sweden prior to its close down in the early 21st century. The city is the Mid Sweden University's largest campus site with approximately 7 000 students. With a total population of roughly 60,000 Östersund is the 24th most populous city in Sweden, the 46th most populous city in Scandinavia, and by far the largest inland city in Northern Sweden.
The city was the only Swedish city founded and chartered in the 18th century. Östersund was founded in order to create a trade monopoly over Jämtland whose inhabitants' lucrative trade annoyed the Swedish crown. The intention was to pursue the local farmers to deliver merchandise to middlemen in Östersund, but the population opposed this economic philosophy, and Östersund long remained small. It took until the end of the 19th century for Östersund to truly become a city, after the arrival of the railroad and the economic liberalization of that time.
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Amanda Jenssen
Jenny Amanda Katarina Jenssen (born Bengtsson, 12 September 1988 in Lund, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and Idol 2007 runner-up. Jenssens first album released in 2008 became one of that year's most sold music albums in Sweden which saw it peak at number 1 on the Swedish album chart. She also had success with her music singles, with seven individual placements on the Swedish single chart for her songs.
Jenssen started her career as the lead singer in the band Oh Hollie Neverdays and even in the band called Amanda and the Papas which did covers of classic songs. Oh Hollie Neverdays wrote their own tunes (Jenssen and guitarist, Viktor Rinneby). In May 2007 they won the Swedish competition "Musik Direkt" and the prize was a tour in Gambia.
Jenssen entered the Idol 2007 talent show on TV4, early on becoming one of the favourites after some strong performances. In the end she finished second in the finale after going head to head with Marie Picasso on December 7, 2007 in Globen Arena in Stockholm. Jenssen lost to Marie Picasso but received 48.7% of the votes.
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August Strindberg
Johan August Strindberg ( pronounced (help·info); 22 January 1849 – 14 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four decades, during which time he wrote over 60 plays and more than 30 works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics. A bold experimenter and iconoclast throughout, he explored a wide range of dramatic methods and purposes, from naturalistic tragedy, monodrama, and history plays, to his anticipations of expressionist and surrealist dramatic techniques. From his earliest work, Strindberg developed forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition so innovative that many were to become technically possible to stage only with the advent of film. He is considered the "father" of modern Swedish literature and his The Red Room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel.
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Axwell
Axwell (born as Axel Christofer Hedfors, 18 December 1977 in Lund, Sweden) is a DJ, remixer, record producer and record label owner from Sweden. He is part of a three person group dubbed the Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. In 2011 he was placed 12th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll.
In late 2004 Axwell released a global hit, "Feel the Vibe", which was re-released under Ministry of Sound in 2005 with added vocals from Tara McDonald as "Feel the Vibe ('Til The Morning Comes)". It peaked at #16 in the UK Singles Chart in August 2005.
Also leading the way has been Mambana, his collaboration with Isabel Fructuoso (of Afro Medusa fame). Signed to Soulfuric Recordings, they have released three tracks since 2002. "No Reason" was their debut single, which hit the top spot in all the Hype/Buzz charts that Summer and was featured in the sets of all the top DJs including Little Louie Vega, Danny Rampling and Ben Watt. The follow ups were "Felicidad" and "Libre". "Libre" was released in 2003 and was arguably bigger than its predecessor. "Libre" was licensed to more than 12 different territories and featured on compilations that sold in excess of half a million copies.
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Bengt Lidforss
Bengt Lidforss (15 September 1868, Lund – 23 September 1913, Lund) was a prominent Swedish socialist, and an accomplished natural scientist and writer.
Bengt Lidforss was born in Lund, Sweden. He studied botany and biology at Lund University and received his B.A. only 19 years old. Later he received a Ph.D. from Lund University. He became Professor of Botany in 1909 at Uppsala University and in 1910 at Lund University. He was one of the first Swedish scientists to write popular science. Lidforss developed a strong stance against religion and the Church of Sweden. He also exhibited antisemitic streaks sometimes.
Lidforss was a friend of August Strindberg and was an important name in the early Swedish socialist movement. He was one of the first intellectuals in Sweden to become a socialist.
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Canute the Great
Cnut the Great (Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki;c. 985 or 995 – 12 November 1035), also known as Canute, was a king of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden. Though after the death of his heirs within a decade of his own and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, his legacy was largely lost to history, historian Norman F. Cantor has made the paradoxical statement that he was "the most effective king in Anglo-Saxon history".
Cnut was of Danish and Slavic descent. His father was Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark (which gave Cnut the patronym Sweynsson, Old Norse Sveinsson). Cnut's mother was the daughter of the first duke of the Polans, Mieszko I; her name may have been Świętosława (see: Sigrid Storråda), but the Oxford DNB article on Cnut states that her name is unknown.
As a prince of Denmark, Cnut won the throne of England in 1016 in the wake of centuries of Viking activity in northwestern Europe. His accession to the Danish throne in 1018 brought the crowns of England and Denmark together. Cnut held this power-base together by uniting Danes and Englishmen under cultural bonds of wealth and custom, rather than sheer brutality. After a decade of conflict with opponents in Scandinavia, Cnut claimed the crown of Norway in Trondheim in 1028. The Swedish city Sigtuna was held by Cnut. He had coins struck which called him king there, but there is no narrative record of his occupation.
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Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (Swedish original name Carl Nilsson Linnæus, 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (help·info), was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus (after 1761 Carolus a Linné).
Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. Linnaeus received most of his higher education at Uppsala University, and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published a first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden, where he became professor of botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 60s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and minerals, and published several volumes. At the time of his death, he was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe.
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Esaias Tegnér
Esaias Tegnér (13 November 1782 (1782-11-13) – 2 November 1846 (1846-11-03)), was a Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop. He was during the 19th century regarded as the father of modern poetry in Sweden, mainly through the national romantic epos Frithjof's Saga. He has been called Sweden's first modern man. Much is known about him, and he also wrote openly about himself.
His father was a pastor, and his grandparents on both sides were peasants. His father, whose name had been Esaias Lucasson, took the surname of Tegnérus—altered by his fifth son, the poet, to Tegnér—from the village of Tegnaby in the province of Småland, where he was born. In 1792 Tegnérus died.
In 1799 Esaias Tegnér, hitherto educated in the country, entered Lund University, where he graduated in philosophy in 1802, and continued as tutor until 1810, when he was elected Greek lecturer. In 1806 he married Anna Maria Gustava Myhrman, to whom he had been attached since his earliest youth. In 1812 he was named professor, and continued to work as a lectuer in Lund until 1824, when he was made Bishop of Växjö. At Växjö he remained until his death, twenty-two years later.
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Falun
Falun (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfɑːˈlɵnː]) is a city and the seat of Falun Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 37,291 inhabitants in 2010. It is also the capital of Dalarna County. Falun forms, together with Borlänge, a metropolitan area with close to 100,000 inhabitants.
Falun was originally famous for its copper mine, and is today an important service and industrial city even though the mine is closed (since 1992).
The town of Falun is known to have existed in the 14th century as a market place for the surrounding lands. Mining for copper had been a local business since the mid-13th century, or possibly as early as 1000, and the organisation for the extracting of copper and gold from the Great Copper Mountain is believed to be the oldest still-existing enterprise in the world, proved active since 1347, when its charter was granted by King Magnus IV of Sweden. The first share in the company is dated as early as 1288.
However, an enterprise at that time was nothing more than a cooperation among the owners, each contributing with a share of money for constructions, tools, etc., necessary to run the organisation. Depending on their contribution they could use the facilities and share the profit according to the relative share they contributed.
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Göran Sonnevi
Göran Sonnevi (born 3 October 1939 in Lund, Skåne County) is a Swedish poet and translator. Sonnevi grew up in Halmstad; he studied literature and linguistics at the University of Lund, also getting librarian training. For many years he has lived in Järfälla outside Stockholm.
Sonnevi is one of the most esteemed poets of modern Sweden and is known as well as a successful and conscientious translator (e.g. of Osip Mandelstam, Ezra Pound and Friedrich Hölderlin). Some of his poems look into topical and political matters of the contemporary scene: the Vietnam War, the Cold War and its ending phases, globalization, immigration and ethnic/cultural conflicts, 9/11 and the Iraq War (both mentioned in the long titular suite of Oceanen), but his conclusions are more searching than easy. The rhythmic and musical qualities of his free verse, with sharp line breaks in the middle of phrasea or long, flowing and building lines, are present even when he brings in formal or highly specialized scientific expressions. His work has been translated into several languages.
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Helena Josefsson
Helena Marianne Josefsson is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer in the band Sandy Mouche and has been singing in Per Gessle's projects since 2003. In February 2007 she released her first solo album, Dynamo.
Helena Marianne Josefsson was born in Kalmar, Sweden on March 23, 1978. Her parents, Per Olof and Margareta, divorced when Helena was seven years old, and she and her sisters moved with their mother to a village called Björnstorp (outside of Lund, Skåne County, southern Sweden) when she was ten. Helena has four sisters (Charlotta, Sofia, Hanna and Carolina). She is left-handed and can play keyboards, tambourine and harmonica. Helena married Martin Nilsson (a.k.a. Martinique Josefsson), her longtime boyfriend, in 2003; they live in Malmö and became the parents of a boy, Charles-Didrik, on November 8, 2008.
Helena's thoughts on life and her career;
- "What do you want to become when you grow up? Either a troll or an artist!, I replied to that question at 7 years of age. When I think about it, trolls and artists do have rather much in common. What I wanted, and still try to achieve, is the sense of liberty, being part of nature, getting room in the city, finding a spot for mushrooming. That it is all right to be the way one is and still being able to receive love. Being an artist and composer is probably one of the few lifestyles where one can be a troll simultaneously!"
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Hjalmar Gullberg
Hjalmar Gullberg (30 May 1898 – 19 July 1961) was a Swedish writer, poet and translator of Greek drama into Swedish.
Gullberg was born in Malmö, Skåne. As a student at Lund University, he was the editor of the student magazine Lundagård. He was the manager of the Swedish Radio Theatre 1936-1950. In 1940 he was made a member of the Swedish Academy, and he also became a honorary doctor of philosophy at Lund University (1944).
As a friend of composer Lars-Erik Larsson he wrote the libretto of the religious (tonal) lyrical suite God in Disguise. Gullberg, often described as a "black" (i.e. using heavy but controlled emotions) poet,[citation needed] revealed a somewhat surprising and brighter and less melancholic side to his artistry in God in Disguise.[citation needed]
God in disguise ends with these following phrases:
"Bids us a human eye his silent fiest of love; us distant and slow as men are most,
puts, as heavenly healing för deep wounds of souls, a friend, freed from astuteness, his hands in ours,
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Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɪŋmar ˈbærjman] ( listen); 14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera," he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential film directors of all time.
He directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television, most of which he also wrote. He also directed over one hundred and seventy plays. Among his company of actors were Harriet Andersson, Liv Ullmann, Gunnar Björnstrand, Bibi Andersson, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. Most of his films were set in the landscape of Sweden. His major subjects were death, illness, faith, betrayal, and insanity.
Bergman was active for more than six decades. In 1976 his career was seriously threatened as the result of a botched criminal investigation for alleged income tax evasion. Outraged, Bergman suspended a number of pending productions, closed his studios, and went into self-imposed exile in Germany for eight years.
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Ivo Pekalski
Ivo Pękalski (Polish pronunciation: [pɛŋˈkalski]; born 3 November 1990 in Lund) is a Swedish footballer of Polish descent who currently plays for Malmö FF.
Pękalski began his career with Linero IF and has also played for Lunds BK, after few years with the club he was bought by Landskrona BoIS. On 27 July 2009 Pękalski was transferred from Landskrona BoIS to Malmö FF.
After only playing for the reserve team during his first year at the club he clinched a permanent spot in the starting eleven for the 2010 season. Together with Wílton Figueiredo he formed a very strong central midfield in 2010 and that was one of the major reasons why Malmö FF won the title. Consistent injury problems made Pękalski miss some matches for the 2011 season and he eventually decided to rest at the end of the season and focus on recovering fully for the 2012 season.
Pękalski was selected for the annual training camp for the Sweden national team in January 2012, but withdrew due to minor injury problems. He was also selected for the same camp in 2011, but also this time he missed out due to injury problems. The squad selection for the camp traditionally feature the best Swedish players in domestic and other Scandinavian leagues.
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Jan Malmsjö
Jan Wilhelm Malmsjö (born 29 May 1932) is a Swedish stage and film actor, musical star and singer. He is married to Marie Göranzon and father to Jonas Malmsjö.
Malmsjö was born in Lund, Sweden. He trained at the prestigious Dramatens elevskola (The Royal Dramatic Theatre's acting school) during 1950-53 and one of his first parts on the national stage was as Paris in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1953).
Malmsjö has a great range as an actor from the title role in Shakespeare's Hamlet (Dramaten, 1974) and Reverent Manders in Ibsen's Ghosts to Henry Higgins in My Fair Lady and leading roles in other musicals such as La Cage aux Folles and Victor/Victoria. He has also cut several music records in his native Sweden. In the musical world, his Swedish language recording of "Willkommen"; Välkomna till Cabaret (from Malmö City Theatre's successful production of Cabaret 1970; where Malmsjö played the part of Emcee) is considered a masterpiece and treasure on CD.
He has filmed sporadically: one of his most famous film parts is as the evil Bishop Edvard Vergérus in Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander (1982). One of his more recent stage parts was as The Captain in Strindberg's The Dance of Death in the 1993 Dramaten-production, directed by Lars Norén (adapted for TV in 1996).
wn.com/Jan_Malmsjö -
Joachim Johansson
Joachim Johansson (born 1 July 1982) is a former professional male tennis player from Sweden. He reached the semi-finals of the 2004 US Open - Men's Singles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 9.
Johansson was born in Lund and currently lives in Södertälje, Sweden. His father, Leif Johansson, was also a tennis player and represented Sweden in the Davis Cup in the 1970s. He goes by the nickname "Pim Pim", which he has been called since he was a newborn. His elder brother pronounced Joachim as "Joapim" which later became "Pim Pim". In 2005, Swedish hurdler Jenny Kallur became his girlfriend but in August 2008 they separated.Lleyton Hewitt's sister, Jaslyn Hewitt, was his girlfriend for five years from 2000 to 2005. Since April 2009 he is engaged to Johanna Westerberg, a Swedish professional golfer on the Ladies European Tour, and they are expecting their first child.
He is not related to fellow Swedish tennis player Thomas Johansson.
Johansson competed in his first professional tour match in the 2000 Wideyes Swedish Open, where he retired against Markus Hipfl 3–6 in the first set. He then claimed his first win the a challengers event in Sweden defeating Alexander Peya 7–6(6), 7–6(3). He then competed in the 2000 Scania Stockholm Open losing to Bohdan Ulihrach 4–6, 5–7.
wn.com/Joachim_Johansson -
Lars Norén
Lars Norén (born May 9, 1944) is a Swedish playwright, novelist and poet. He is considered Sweden's most prominent contemporary playwright.
Born in Stockholm, Norén wrote his first play at age 19. His first publication was a collection of poems - Syrener, snö (Lilac, snow) in 1963.
His plays are realistic and often revolve around family relations and the impoverished and routed at the bottom of society.
Norén's play 7:3 became a centre for controversy, after the murders of two policemen in Malexander in 1999 (Malexandermorden). The culprits had received furlough from their incarceration at Österåker Prison to participate in Norén's play.
He was a Sommarvärd on P1's "Sommar" on 19 June 2005.
Norén will, as of 2009, be new director at Folkteatern in Gothenburg.
Norén received Aftonbladet's literary prize in 1971. In 2003, he won the Swedish Academy Nordic Prize, known as the 'little Nobel'.
wn.com/Lars_Norén -
Linus Thörnblad
Linus Thörnblad (born 6 March 1985) is a Swedish former track and field athlete competing in high jump. He won the bronze medal at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships and a silver medal at the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships. He represented Sweden at the Summer Olympics in 2004 and 2008 and finished fourth at the 2010 European Athletics Championships. He has a personal best of 2.38 metres set indoors.
Thörnblad started high jumping at age 16 jumping 2.06 m his first year. Two years later he jumped 2.30 m.
He decided to retire from competition in 2012 at the age of 27 due to trouble with injuries and clinical depression.
wn.com/Linus_Thörnblad -
LUGI
wn.com/LUGI -
Lukas Moodysson
Karl Frederik Lukas Moodysson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlʉːkas ˈmɔːdʏsɔn]) (born 17 January 1969) is a Swedish author and film director. First appearing in public as an ambitious poet in the 1980s, he had his big public, and international, breakthrough directing the 1998 romance film Show Me Love. He has since directed a string of films with different styles and public appeal, as well as continued to write both poetry and novels.
Born in Lund, Moodysson grew up in Åkarp, Skåne County as an outcast, expressing himself through poetry. By the time he was 23 he had written five poetry collections and a novel published by Wahlström & Widstrand. He decided to move to film to produce works that were less introverted and could be enjoyed by a wider audience than poetry. After studying at what was then Sweden's only film school, the Dramatiska Institutet, he directed three short films before moving to features.
His directorial breakthrough came with Fucking Åmål (retitled Show Me Love in English-speaking countries.) A classical love story, filmed in a highly naturalistic, almost documentary style, it is set in the small and boring Swedish town of Åmål, and follows two young girls who awkwardly fall in love. The film was a huge success with both the Swedish public and the critics. It won four Guldbagge Awards, including best film, best actress (shared by the two girls Rebecka Liljeberg and Alexandra Dahlström), best direction and best script. It was a colossal hit in Sweden.
wn.com/Lukas_Moodysson -
Martin Dahlin
Martin Nathaniel Dahlin (born 16 April 1968 in Uddevalla) is a former Swedish football player.
He is the son of an Afro-Venezuelan father, who was a musician, and a Swedish mother who both decided to name him after Martin Luther King. He was born in Uddevalla, but lived as a child in Lund.
In 1988, he became the second black player to represent Sweden. He was part of the Swedish national team which finished third in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, scoring four goals in the tournament. He also participated in the team which reached the semifinals of UEFA Euro 1992.
In 1993 he was selected as best Swedish player of the year, winning Guldbollen.
He played for Malmö FF, Borussia Mönchengladbach, AS Roma, Hamburger SV and Blackburn Rovers. The most successful time of his career he spent with Borussia Mönchengladbach with whom he won the German Cup in 1995 along with Stefan Effenberg.
Dahlin transferred from AS Roma to Blackburn Rovers in mid-1997 and made 21 appearances in the 1997–98 season, scoring four goals.
wn.com/Martin_Dahlin -
Max von Sydow
Max von Sydow ( /vɒn ˈsiːdoʊ/;Swedish: [fɔn ˈsyːdɔv]; born 10 April 1929) is a Swedish-French actor, born in Sweden and now holds dual Swedish/French citizenship. He has starred in many films and had supporting roles in dozens more. He has performed in films filmed in many languages, including Swedish, Norwegian, English, Italian, German, Danish, French, and Spanish. Von Sydow received the Royal Foundation of Sweden's Cultural Award in 1954, the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres in 2005 and the Légion d'honneur in 2010.
Some of his most memorable film roles include knight Antonius Block in Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal (the first of his eleven films with Bergman, and the film that includes the iconic scene in which he plays chess with Death), Jesus in The Greatest Story Ever Told, Father Merrin in The Exorcist, Karl Oskar in The Emigrants, Joubert the assassin in Three Days of the Condor, Ming the Merciless in the 1980 version of Flash Gordon, the villain Blofeld in Never Say Never Again, Frederick in Hannah and Her Sisters, and Lassefar in Pelle the Conqueror, for which he received his first Academy Award nomination. In 2012, he was nominated a second time, for his supporting role in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close.
wn.com/Max_von_Sydow -
Mikael Håfström
Jan Mikael Håfström[pronunciation?] (born 1 July 1960 in Lund), known as Mikael Håfström, is a Swedish screenwriter and director.
Håfström directed the exorcism thriller The Rite, which is based on a novel from Matt Baglio.
wn.com/Mikael_Håfström -
Måns Zelmerlöw
Måns Petter Albert Sahlén Zelmerlöw (born Zelmerlöw 13 June 1986) is a Swedish pop singer. He is probably best known for his 2007 song "Cara Mia," which was his entry in that year's Melodifestivalen. Since 2011 he hosts Allsång på Skansen.
In 2005 Zelmerlöw took part in the Swedish version of Idol coming in 5th overall when he was eliminated on 11 November after 8 weeks on the show. He was placed in the bottom 3 twice and the bottom 2 once due to which he was eliminated.
In 2006 he took part in Let's Dance, where with dance partner Maria Karlsson, he triumphed and took 1st place. As well as appearing as Danny Zuko in the Swedish version of the musical Grease, Zelmerlöw signed a record deal with M&L Records, a division of Warner Music Sweden to release an album. In November 2006 in was announced that Zelmerlöw would compete in Melodifestivalen 2007, Sweden's competition to determine their Eurovision entry for the corresponding year. He competed with the song "Cara Mia" in the 3rd semi-final on 17 February 2007 in Örnsköldsvik where he progressed to the final in Stockholm. In the 10 March final at Globen, "Cara Mia" finished in third place behind winners The Ark and runner-up Andreas Johnson. "Cara Mia" was released as a single and Zelmerlöw's debut album Stand by For... followed shortly after. The album performed very well, reaching number one in Sweden and being certified platinum by IFPI. The album produced four singles, all reaching the top 50 in Sweden. Stand by For... has also been released in Poland in September 2007. In 2007 he also starred in the musical version of Footloose.
wn.com/Måns_Zelmerlöw -
Ola Hansson
Ola Hansson (November 12, 1860, Hönsinge, Sweden – September 26, 1925, Büyükdere, Turkey) was a Swedish poet, prose writer, and critic.
Hansson published his first works, Dikter ("Poems") in 1884 and Notturno in 1885. In those he expressed a celebration of the natural beauty and folk culture of his native province Skåne, southern Sweden. The raffined poetry did not fit the Swedish realism of the 1880s-90s and gained little attention. Hansson followed up with the decadent Sensitiva Amorosa (1887), a collection of morbid, erotic sketches that shocked the Sweden of his day. The reaction from the public was harsh, and Hansson left his country for Germany in 1889. He would then continue to live abroad for the remainder of his life, in countries such as Switzerland and Turkey (where he also died).
In the period following the notorious Sensitiva Amorosa (1887) he proclaimed himself an adherent of Nietzschean ideas, a view he made public with the cycle of poems Ung Ofegs visor (1892). Here he voiced his contempt of the general crowd and belief in the Übermensch. Hansson, together with Georg Brandes was instrumental in calling attention to Nietzsche's works in Germany, and he also helped publicize Strindberg's work in German magazines at a point when the latter was not appreciated in Sweden. The two men rapidly became enemies, though, after Strindberg moved to Berlin in 1892.
wn.com/Ola_Hansson -
Roger Ljung
Roger Ljung (born 8 January 1966) is a retired Swedish footballer who played as a left defender.
In a ten-year professional career, he played, other than in his country, in Switzerland, Austria, Turkey and Germany, representing six differents teams, namely Malmö and Admira Wacker.
A Swedish international on nearly 60 occasions, Ljung represented the country in two World Cups – helping to a third-place finish in 1994 – and one European Championship.
Born in Lomma, Scania, Ljung started his football career at the age of six, with lowly Lunds BK. In 1985, he was purchased by Allsvenskan outfit Malmö FF, being mostly used as a substitute in his early years, and being on the roster as the club won five national championships in a row, with the player contributing regularly in the 1987 and 1988 editions.
In the summer of 1989, Ljung transferred to BSC Young Boys in Switzerland, moving in the following season to another club in the Swiss Super League, FC Zürich. He enjoyed his best individual years in Austria with FC Admira Wacker, scoring 26 Bundesliga goals in 67 games in his first two years combined, albeit without team silverware.
wn.com/Roger_Ljung -
Rolf-Göran Bengtsson
Rolf-Göran Bengtsson (born June 2, 1962 in Lund, Sweden) is a Swedish show jumper. He won a silver medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics in the individual jumping, and also a silver medal in the team jumping event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
From 1997 to 2003 he worked at the stable of Jan Tops in Valkenswaard. Since 2003 Bengtsson lives in Breitenburg in Northern Germany where he runs his own stable together with Bo Kristoffersen.
The mexican billionaire Alfonso Romo is a major financier to Bengtsson's ventures into the world elite of show jumping.
wn.com/Rolf-Göran_Bengtsson -
Sweyn I Forkbeard
Sweyn I Forkbeard (Old Norse: Sveinn Tjúguskegg; c. 960 − 3 February 1014) was king of Denmark and England, as well as parts of Norway. His name appears as Swegen in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
He was a Viking leader and the father of Cnut the Great. On his father Harald Bluetooth's death in late 986 or early 987, he became King of Denmark; in 1000, with allegiance of the Trondejarl, Erik of Lade, he was ruler over most of Norway. After a long effort at conquest, and shortly before his death, in 1013 he became the first of the Danish Kings of England.
On the northern edges of the relatively recent Holy Roman Empire, with its roots in Charlemagne's conquests about two hundred years prior to Sweyn's time, Sweyn Forkbeard had coins made with an image in his likeness. The Latin inscription on the coins read, "ZVEN REX DÆNOR", which translates as "Sven, king of Danes".
Sweyn's father, Harald Bluetooth, was the first of the Scandinavian kings to officially accept Christianity, in the early or mid-960s. According to Adam of Bremen, an 11th-century historian, Harald's son Sweyn was baptised Otto, in tribute to the German king Otto I, who was the first Holy Roman Emperor. Forkbeard is never known to have officially made use of this Christian name. He did not use it on the coins he proudly sent forth, and when he was given the English crown by the Witenagemot of Anglo-Saxon nobles, in 1013, he took the crown as king Sweyn.[citation needed]
wn.com/Sweyn_I_Forkbeard -
Timbuktu (artist)
Jason Diakité (born 11 January 1975), known under the stage name Timbuktu, is a Swedish rapper and reggae artist. Earlier in the mid-1990s, he started as part of rap Excel before going solo as Timbuktu.
In September 2008 he released the single, "Tack för kaffet" via the popular torrent site The Pirate Bay.
He is the son of Madubuko Diakité, a US born Swedish human rights lawyer and academic.
In April 2010 Arash released a video for "Dasa Bala" featuring Timbuktu, Yag and Aylar Lie, which was directed and edited by Fred Khoshtinat.
wn.com/Timbuktu_(artist) -
Vilhelm Ekelund
Vilhelm Ekelund (October 14, 1880 – September 3, 1949) was a Swedish poet.
The works of Ekelund were influenced by Friedrich Hölderlin, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Emanuel Swedenborg. His early career was lyrical, and though not widely recognized at the time, his poetic work, almost wholly produced in the first decade of the century, became a formative influence on many later Swedish poets. His grasp of rhythmic and musical qualities in verse and his concentrated imagery propelled his poetry into increasingly ambitious forms, soon moving from bound to free verse, and making it a vital model for later writers such as Karin Boye, Erik Lindegren, Gunnar Björling and others.
From 1907, after a passionate love affair with Amelie Posse and an increasing conviction that poetry was an unsatisfactory, vain medium, he turned away from poems and devoted himself to essays and aphoristic prose in a highly personal and sometimes near impenetrable style.
Lilja Norrlind, Eva, Studier i svensk fri vers : den fria versen hos Vilhelm Ekelund och Edith Södergran (""Studies in Swedish free verse; the free metrics of Vilhelm Ekelund and Edith Södergran", Göteborg 1981) Werin, Algot, Vilhelm Ekelund I-II (Lund 1960-61)
wn.com/Vilhelm_Ekelund
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Honey Singh chut lund Pravachan vol - 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Adult hindi song
http://wn.com/Honey_Singh_chut_lund_Pravachan_vol_1
Morten Lund on the life of an entrepreneur
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:28
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Morten Lund (born in 1972) is a Danish entrepreneur and seed investor. Driven by the will to create new ventures, Morten Lund has co-founded more than 50 high-tech start-ups in the most varied industries, ranging from Internet, health and travel to alternative energy. In 2003, he invested in his so far most successful project: the online communication software Skype which has over 500 million users today. Not averse of taking risks, Morten Lund bought the heavily indebted Danish free daily newspaper Nyhedsavisen in 2006, with the ambitious goal of making it profitable again. Despite of the newspaper becoming the most read in Denmark, the project failed and he had to declare bankruptcy in early 2009.
http://wn.com/Morten_Lund_on_the_life_of_an_entrepreneur
Morten Lund (born in 1972) is a Danish entrepreneur and seed investor. Driven by the will to create new ventures, Morten Lund has co-founded more than 50 high-tech start-ups in the most varied industries, ranging from Internet, health and travel to alternative energy. In 2003, he invested in his so far most successful project: the online communication software Skype which has over 500 million users today. Not averse of taking risks, Morten Lund bought the heavily indebted Danish free daily newspaper Nyhedsavisen in 2006, with the ambitious goal of making it profitable again. Despite of the newspaper becoming the most read in Denmark, the project failed and he had to declare bankruptcy in early 2009.
- published: 07 May 2010
- views: 14007
- author: StGallenSymposium
The Truck Got Stuck - Corb Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Official video for The Truck Got Stuck - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Hair In My Eyes Like A Highland Steer" (2005). Directed by Joel Stewart. Filmed at the Valgardson Family Farm in Taber, Alberta.
http://wn.com/The_Truck_Got_Stuck_Corb_Lund
Official video for The Truck Got Stuck - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Hair In My Eyes Like A Highland Steer" (2005). Directed by Joel Stewart. Filmed at the Valgardson Family Farm in Taber, Alberta.
- published: 28 Oct 2007
- views: 158873
- author: Corb Lund
Sweden - Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Sweden - Lund
http://wn.com/Sweden_Lund
Train Driver's View: Malmö C - Lund C
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Malmö - Ängelholm in six HD movie clips, filmed from inside the cabin. This is part 1 of 6: Malmö C to Lund C. Recorded on July 12th, 2009.
http://wn.com/Train_Driver's_View_Malmö_C_Lund_C
Malmö - Ängelholm in six HD movie clips, filmed from inside the cabin. This is part 1 of 6: Malmö C to Lund C. Recorded on July 12th, 2009.
- published: 09 Nov 2009
- views: 74525
- author: Jan Kivisaar
Lund and Chut.avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Mugal-e-Azam not having side effects. Its for increase your sexual power.
http://wn.com/Lund_and_Chutavi
Mugal-e-Azam not having side effects. Its for increase your sexual power.
- published: 21 Nov 2008
- views: 528213
- author: lingverdhak
Loudness Wars, Part 1 - Thomas Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:04
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Thomas Lund points out the pitfalls of data reduction, digital audio processing and sample peak metering in contemporary music production, distribution and playback - often exemplified by so-called hyperpop productions, a controversial trend characterized by obnoxious loudness and extremely narrow dynamics. Conversely, Lund also demonstrates the advantages of adopting loudness metering standards like EBU R128 to counteract such symptoms and deliver lively dynamics and consistent loudness levels regardless of genre, production method and distribution formats. Please note To get the most from the audio examples in this talk, we recommend that you select the highest possible playback quality. About Thomas Lund Thomas Lund has studied medicine, specializing in perception, has written more than 30 scientific papers on topics such as audio loudness, spatialization and distortion, and has worked with organizations like AES, ITU and EBU on international audio production and broadcast standardization. Lund has worked with high definition audio at TC Electronic for 15 years, and holds position as HD development manager. About 'Rome Calling - Audio Seminar of The Year' TC Electronic has gathered some of the industry's most influential speakers in order to cover, from a multitude of angles, the radical changes now taking place in production and distribution of broadcast, film and music as a consequence of the new ITU and EBU standards and recommendations. The seminars focus strictly ...
http://wn.com/Loudness_Wars,_Part_1_Thomas_Lund
Thomas Lund points out the pitfalls of data reduction, digital audio processing and sample peak metering in contemporary music production, distribution and playback - often exemplified by so-called hyperpop productions, a controversial trend characterized by obnoxious loudness and extremely narrow dynamics. Conversely, Lund also demonstrates the advantages of adopting loudness metering standards like EBU R128 to counteract such symptoms and deliver lively dynamics and consistent loudness levels regardless of genre, production method and distribution formats. Please note To get the most from the audio examples in this talk, we recommend that you select the highest possible playback quality. About Thomas Lund Thomas Lund has studied medicine, specializing in perception, has written more than 30 scientific papers on topics such as audio loudness, spatialization and distortion, and has worked with organizations like AES, ITU and EBU on international audio production and broadcast standardization. Lund has worked with high definition audio at TC Electronic for 15 years, and holds position as HD development manager. About 'Rome Calling - Audio Seminar of The Year' TC Electronic has gathered some of the industry's most influential speakers in order to cover, from a multitude of angles, the radical changes now taking place in production and distribution of broadcast, film and music as a consequence of the new ITU and EBU standards and recommendations. The seminars focus strictly ...
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 14001
- author: tcelectronicHDaudio
100 Höjdare i Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:56
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Filip & Fredrik åker till Lund All rights reserved to Kanal 5.
http://wn.com/100_Höjdare_i_Lund
Filip & Fredrik åker till Lund All rights reserved to Kanal 5.
- published: 19 Oct 2006
- views: 65327
- author: cracktober
Corb Lund - September (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
CORB LUND - SEPTEMBER (Cabin Fever, 2012 - New West Records) www.corblund.com @corblund facebook.com/CorbLundMusic #corblundcabinfever
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_September_Official_Video
CORB LUND - SEPTEMBER (Cabin Fever, 2012 - New West Records) www.corblund.com @corblund facebook.com/CorbLundMusic #corblundcabinfever
- published: 09 Aug 2012
- views: 21758
- author: Corb Lund
Corb Lund - A Game In Town Like This
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Music video by Corb Lund performing A Game In Town Like This. (C) 2009 New West Records Inc.
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_A_Game_In_Town_Like_This
Music video by Corb Lund performing A Game In Town Like This. (C) 2009 New West Records Inc.
- published: 22 Nov 2009
- views: 68787
- author: CorbLundVEVO
Corb Lund - Dig Gravedigger Dig (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
"DIG GRAVEDIGGER DIG" Corb Lund - Cabin Fever (2012, New West Records) www.corblund.com @corblund facebook.com/corblundmusic
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_Dig_Gravedigger_Dig_Official_Video
"DIG GRAVEDIGGER DIG" Corb Lund - Cabin Fever (2012, New West Records) www.corblund.com @corblund facebook.com/corblundmusic
- published: 28 Oct 2012
- views: 14111
- author: Corb Lund
Corb Lund - Gettin' Down on the Mountain (Online Exclusive)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Gettin' Down on the Mountain - share it! #cabinfever From the new album, 'Cabin Fever' in stores & online worldwide August 14, 2012 via New West Records. "We shot this one just before the snow melt in northern Alberta. Something me and my buddy Fish came up with. You likely won't see it on TV because is has 'shit' over and over in the choruses. And the beard is real, in answer to numerous inquiries. Directed and shot by Fish Griwkowsky and edited by Justin Lachance." - Corb Lund #CABINFEVER @corblund www.corblund.com facebook.com/corblundmusic
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_Gettin'_Down_on_the_Mountain_Online_Exclusive
Gettin' Down on the Mountain - share it! #cabinfever From the new album, 'Cabin Fever' in stores & online worldwide August 14, 2012 via New West Records. "We shot this one just before the snow melt in northern Alberta. Something me and my buddy Fish came up with. You likely won't see it on TV because is has 'shit' over and over in the choruses. And the beard is real, in answer to numerous inquiries. Directed and shot by Fish Griwkowsky and edited by Justin Lachance." - Corb Lund #CABINFEVER @corblund www.corblund.com facebook.com/corblundmusic
- published: 19 Jun 2012
- views: 62275
- author: Corb Lund
No Roads Here - Corb Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
No Roads Here by Corb Lund Band off the album Five Dollar Bill
http://wn.com/No_Roads_Here_Corb_Lund
No Roads Here by Corb Lund Band off the album Five Dollar Bill
- published: 07 Mar 2010
- views: 18206
- author: Olfway
Janis Joplin - Summertime (Live Gröna Lund 1969)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Great preformance by Janis Joplin! Live in Stockholm 1969!
http://wn.com/Janis_Joplin_Summertime_Live_Gröna_Lund_1969
Great preformance by Janis Joplin! Live in Stockholm 1969!
- published: 12 Sep 2006
- views: 11564886
- author: korkhammaregon
Corb Lund @ Hideaway BBQ "Horse Soldier, Horse Soldier" @ Hideaway BBQ in Raleigh, NC 10.6.07
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
"Horse Soldier, Horse Soldier" by Corb Lund @ Hideaway BBQ in Raleigh, NC 10.6.07
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_@_Hideaway_BBQ_Horse_Soldier,_Horse_Soldier_@_Hideaway_BBQ_in_Raleigh,_NC_10607
"Horse Soldier, Horse Soldier" by Corb Lund @ Hideaway BBQ in Raleigh, NC 10.6.07
- published: 09 Nov 2007
- views: 42136
- author: Thatbeat1974
(Gonna) Shine Up My Boots - Corb Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Official video for (Gonna) Shine Up My Boots - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Five Dollar Bill" (2002). Directed by Joel Stewart. Filmed near Didsbury, Alberta.
http://wn.com/Gonna_Shine_Up_My_Boots_Corb_Lund
Official video for (Gonna) Shine Up My Boots - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Five Dollar Bill" (2002). Directed by Joel Stewart. Filmed near Didsbury, Alberta.
- published: 28 Oct 2007
- views: 399218
- author: Corb Lund
'Bible On The Dash' by Corb Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
www.cbcmusic.ca Straight from Corb Lund's exclusive 'Cabin Fever' preview performance at the Arden Theatre in St. Albert this is 'Bible on the Dash'.
http://wn.com/'Bible_On_The_Dash'_by_Corb_Lund
www.cbcmusic.ca Straight from Corb Lund's exclusive 'Cabin Fever' preview performance at the Arden Theatre in St. Albert this is 'Bible on the Dash'.
- published: 14 Aug 2012
- views: 21542
- author: cbcradio3
Corb Lund - Truck Got Stuck
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
(2006) Video directed by Joel Stewart
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_Truck_Got_Stuck
AKSEL LUND SVINDAL TRAINING VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Olympic Champion Aksel Lund Svindal shares training insights in preparing before the winter season.
http://wn.com/AKSEL_LUND_SVINDAL_TRAINING_VIDEO
Olympic Champion Aksel Lund Svindal shares training insights in preparing before the winter season.
- published: 11 Oct 2012
- views: 28657
- author: RedBullNorgeAS
Corb Lund - I Wanna Be In The Cavalry (Reprise)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Corb Lund's I Wanna be in the cavalry reprise, with lyrics! Plz rate, comment AND SUBSCRIBE! I need ideas for videos. Send me a message or leave a comment on my channel. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGMENT INTENDED!
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_I_Wanna_Be_In_The_Cavalry_Reprise
Corb Lund's I Wanna be in the cavalry reprise, with lyrics! Plz rate, comment AND SUBSCRIBE! I need ideas for videos. Send me a message or leave a comment on my channel. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGMENT INTENDED!
- published: 18 Aug 2008
- views: 40397
- author: WWEandTakerfan
Corb Lund "Talkin' Veterinarian Blues"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Corb Lund performs aboard the Music Fog/Celebrity Coaches bus in Nashville (9/19/09)
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_Talkin'_Veterinarian_Blues
Corb Lund performs aboard the Music Fog/Celebrity Coaches bus in Nashville (9/19/09)
- published: 04 Nov 2009
- views: 34749
- author: MusicFog
Counterfeiters Blues - Corb Lund
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Official video for Counterfeiters Blues - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Hair In My Eyes Like A Highland Steer" (2005). Directed by Thaddeus Grant Fenton. Filmed in Vancouver, BC.
http://wn.com/Counterfeiters_Blues_Corb_Lund
Official video for Counterfeiters Blues - Corb Lund & The Hurtin Albertans. From the album "Hair In My Eyes Like A Highland Steer" (2005). Directed by Thaddeus Grant Fenton. Filmed in Vancouver, BC.
- published: 28 Oct 2007
- views: 55506
- author: Corb Lund
Corb Lund - Devil's Best Dress
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Music video by Corb Lund performing Devil's Best Dress. (C) 2010 New West Records
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_Devil's_Best_Dress
Music video by Corb Lund performing Devil's Best Dress. (C) 2010 New West Records
- published: 13 Apr 2010
- views: 44904
- author: CorbLundVEVO
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
19 Dec 2012
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said she accepts the findings of an independent panel that faulted the State Department over the deadly September attack on the US mission in Benghazi, Libya. An inquiry into the attack on the US mission, which saw the US ambassador and three other US citizens killed, found that the State Department security arrangements there were "grossly inadequate" ... 390 Source. ... Share ... Jaws ... Anaheim....(size: 19.2Kb)
noodls
21 Dec 2012
Lunds universitet) ... Two well-known personalities have been awarded the 2013 honorary doctorates by Lund University�s Faculty of Science ... For a number of years Lund University physicists have conducted particle physics research at the CERN laboratory outside Geneva ... the same kind of process that will be used at the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund ... This noodl was issued by Lunds universitet and was initially posted at www.lu.se....(size: 5.0Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
21 Dec 2012
"This is a surprise to us," says Adrian Lund, President of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ... Lund credits Honda with making changes to the Accords design and structure so it can better withstand small overlap crashes ... Adrian Lund was not surprised the Toyota Camry and Prius V both rated poor in the small overlap crash test ... "I think Toyota has dropped the ball a bit," says Lund....(size: 3.4Kb)
Star Tribune
21 Dec 2012
The redesigned Ford Fusion also scored well ... The Camry -- America's bestselling passenger car -- scored next to last. "Toyota engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," said Adrian Lund, the insurance group's president ... "The crash damage in these tests is like the damage we see in real-world crashes where heads and chests are injured," Lund said ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
Japan Times
21 Dec 2012
It is more stringent than the U.S. government's test, which simulates a collision in which two vehicles or objects meet head-on. "Toyota engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," Adrian Lund, the insurance group's president, said in a statement ... "It's remarkable that this group of midsize family cars did so much better than the midsize luxury car group," Lund said. "The difference is stunning ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
noodls
21 Dec 2012
(Source. Lunds universitet). 21 December 2012 ... All finalists in each category will get a unique opportunity to visit the company, meet with key people and make important connections for his/her future career. Read more under each category and on the competition webpage (text in Swedish) ... For questions, please email aretsstudent@universum.se ... This noodl was issued by Lunds universitet and was initially posted at www.lu.se ... (noodl....(size: 7.2Kb)
York Press
21 Dec 2012
Ashley Chambers, left, Jason Walker and Yorkie the Lion chat to Amelia Everall from Selby on the children’s ward ... She said she was very excited to meet the players ... Two-year-old Tyson Lund, from Acomb, was delighted to play with City mascot Yorkie the Lion as he waited to have blood tests ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Star Telegram
21 Dec 2012
DETROIT -- The Toyota Camry, the bestselling car in the U.S., performed poorly this year in a new crash test and failed to get the best safety rating from an insurance industry group ... Ten moderately priced midsize cars got the institute's highest rating ... "Toyota's engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," IIHS President Adrian Lund said in a statement Thursday ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Kansas City Star
21 Dec 2012
The Toyota Camry, the best-selling car in the U.S., performed poorly this year in a new crash test and failed to get the best safety rating from an insurance industry group ... Ten moderately priced midsize cars got the institute’s highest rating ... “Toyota’s engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors,” insurance institute president Adrian Lund said in a statement Thursday ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Tulsa World
21 Dec 2012
DETROIT (AP) - The Toyota Camry, the best-selling car in the U.S., performed poorly this year in a new crash test and failed to get the best safety rating from an insurance industry group ... Ten moderately priced midsize cars got the institute's highest rating ... "Toyota's engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," IIHS President Adrian Lund said in a statement Thursday ... government requirements ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Salt Lake Tribune
21 Dec 2012
Detroit • The Toyota Camry, the best-selling car in the U.S., performed poorly this year in a new crash test and failed to get the best safety rating from an insurance industry group ... Photos. At a glance. —. 10 midsized cars get highest rating ... Join the Discussion ... "Toyota’s engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," IIHS President Adrian Lund said in a statement Thursday ... government requirements ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
Newsday
21 Dec 2012
The , the best-selling car in the United States, performed poorly this year in a new crash test and failed to get the best safety rating from an insurance industry group ... The Camry still did well on the institute's other four tests and earned a "Top Safety Pick" designation ... "'s engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors," IIHS president Adrian Lund said in a statement Thursday ... 0. Click to rate ... . ....(size: 7.8Kb)
The Examiner
21 Dec 2012
The best-selling Toyota Camry failed a demanding new Insurance Institute for Highway Safety crash test, and just two cars earned the top score of Good ... In all, the IIHS rated 16 midsize family cars ... IIHS midsize cars crash test results IIHS midsize cars crash test results. “Toyota engineers have a lot of work to do to match the performance of their competitors,” IIHS president Adrian Lund said in a news release ... market ... See also. ... Review ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
The Examiner
21 Dec 2012
View slideshow. IIHS crash test results ... the Acura TL and Volvo S60 ... Photo credit. . Insurance Institute for Highway Safety ... Some progress might be soon in coming ... "Models meeting the current [Top Safety Pick] award criteria still offer outstanding protection in most crashes," IIHS President Adrian Lund states in a news release -- though the organization still believes automakers will have little trouble improving further still ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
For other uses, see Lund (disambiguation).
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia. (December 2011) Don't speak French? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the French article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating.
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| Lund | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: Idéernas stad (Eng: The city of ideas) | |||
 Lund
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| Coordinates: 55°42′N 13°12′E / 55.7°N 13.2°E / 55.7; 13.2Coordinates: 55°42′N 13°12′E / 55.7°N 13.2°E / 55.7; 13.2 | |||
| Country | Sweden | ||
| Province | Scania | ||
| County | Skåne County | ||
| Municipality | Lund Municipality | ||
| Area[1] | |||
| • Total | 25.75 km2 (9.94 sq mi) | ||
| Population (31 December 2010)[1] | |||
| • Total | 82,800 | ||
| • Density | 3,215/km2 (8,330/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
Lund (Swedish pronunciation: [lɵnd] ( listen)) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 82,800 inhabitants in 2010,[1] out of a municipal total of 110,824. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark. It soon became a major Christian center of the Baltic Sea region, at a time when the area was still a frontier area for Christian mission, and within Scandinavia and especially Denmark through the Middle Ages. From 1103 it was the seat of an archbishop. At the center of the city stands the towering Lund Cathedral, built ca 1090-1145.
Lund University, established 1666, is today one of Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research.[2][3][4]
Contents |
History[link]
Along with Sigtuna, Lund is the oldest city in present-day Sweden. Lund's origins are unclear. Until the 1980s, the town was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute the Great of Denmark.[5] The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. But, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to circa 990, possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra. The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century B.C.[6] and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Loda to its present location, a distance of some five kilometres. The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford, gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.
The city was made a see in 1048 and united with Dalby in 1060,[7] and in 1103 became the seat of the archbishop for Scandinavia. The diocese of nearby Dalby was absorbed in 1066. Lund Cathedral was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the Norwegian archdiocese of Nidaros was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also acquired an archbishop of its own, although he was nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund. It is still, as the diocese of Lund, a diocese in the Church of Sweden.
Lund Cathedral School (Katedralskolan) was founded in 1085 by the Danish king Canute the Saint. This is the oldest school in Scandinavia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many prominent people were educated there, among them the actor Max von Sydow and several high-ranking politicians.
In 1658, the Scanian lands were ceded by Denmark to Sweden by the Treaty of Roskilde. On December 4, 1676 Lund was defended in the Battle of Lund, one of the bloodiest battles fought in Scandinavia.
Lund University, established in 1666, is Sweden's largest, with 42,000 full or part-time students, although not all live in Lund. The figure includes Lund Institute of Technology, which is to some extent independent of the old university. As late as the 1940s, Lund was a relatively small city with few large-scale industries, covering only about a fourth of the current urban area, and dominated by the cathedral and the university.[citation needed] Since then, the student population has increased about twelvefold; many industrial companies in the chemical, medical or electronics branches and, from the 1990s within information management, have set up establishments in the city; and the town's population, architecture and energy have been transformed.
Compared with many other Swedish cities, the urban heart of Lund is well preserved. A local law requires archaeological excavation in association with any downtown property planned for demolition and redevelopment.
Geography[link]
Lund is located in Sweden's largest agricultural district, in the southwest of Scania, less than ten kilometres from the sandy shore of the Öresund Strait. From the top of the Sankt Hans Hill it is possible to see Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It is therefore some distance from other Swedish cities, about 250 kilometres to Gothenburg, 600 to Stockholm and about 1200 to Umeå. The city of Malmö, on the other hand, is only about 15 kilometres away.
Climate[link]
Lund, like the rest of southern Sweden, has an oceanic climate. Despite its northern location, the climate is relatively mild compared to other locations in similar latitude, or even somewhat further south, mainly because of its proximity to the sea. Because of its northerly latitude, daylight lasts as long as 17 hours in midsummer, and only around 7 hours in midwinter.
Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of 22 °C (72 °F) and lows of around 14 °C (57 °F), but temperatures do sometimes exceed 25 °C (77 °F) and occasional heat waves are common during the summer. Winters are cold, with temperatures steady between -1 to 3 °C (30 to 37 °F).
Rainfall is light to moderate throughout the year with 169 wet days. Snowfall occurs sparingly, mainly in December through March, but snow cover does not remain for a long time, and some winters tends to be virtually free of snow.
| Climate data for Lund (and rest of southern Sweden) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
3 (37) |
6 (43) |
12 (54) |
17 (63) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
18 (64) |
12 (54) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
12.2 (53.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
0 (32) |
3 (37) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
6 (43) |
4 (39) |
1 (34) |
5.7 (42.2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 54 (2.13) |
48 (1.89) |
37 (1.46) |
34 (1.34) |
41 (1.61) |
58 (2.28) |
62 (2.44) |
50 (1.97) |
45 (1.77) |
60 (2.36) |
51 (2.01) |
61 (2.4) |
601 (23.66) |
| Source: World Weather Information Service[8] | |||||||||||||
Main sights[link]
During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat of the archbishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches, but most of them were demolished as result of the Reformation in 1536. Several medieval buildings remain, including Lund Cathedral, Liberiet, the restaurant Stäket and parts of the Cathedral School. Timber framing is characteristic of the houses built up to the end of the 19th century, for example the Wickmanska gården.
Most of the central buildings in Lund date from the late 19th century, when small houses were replaced by multi-storey ones. Notable buildings built during this period include the University Library (1902), Grand Hotel (1899) and the University Main Building (1882).
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Wickmanska gården
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Facade clock at parking garage close to Högevallsbadet
Transportation[link]
Major roads[link]
Lund has been connected to the motorway network since 1953 when the E22, the first motorway in Sweden, was built round the edge of the town. There are also other connections to most major roads in the area, for example the E6 via Riksväg 16, and the Länsväg 108 which connects to the E65.
Cycling[link]
Lund has been praised for its cycling infrastructure.[9] There are 5000 bike parking spaces in the town, including a multi-storey facility, 160 km of cyclepaths, and 45% of commuters travel by bicycle. There has been no increase in car usage for the past 10 years.
Railways and public transport[link]
Lund has been on the main railway line between Malmö and Stockholm since 1857. Today there are direct connections to Copenhagen and Elsinore via the Öresund Bridge. This connection is mainly served by the Öresundståg, maintained by DSB, the Danske Statsbaner in Denmark and Skånetrafiken in Scania, as well as by SJ in the rest of Sweden. Local traffic is managed by the two-coach electric multiple units Pågatåg, which provide connections to many destinations in Scania. Because of Lund's central position, it is possible to travel to the three largest cities in Sweden without having to change trains.
Public transport within Lund is overseen by Skånetrafiken[10] but the actual bus network is licensed to the Bergkvarabuss company. The city buses connect around 400 bus stops with 11 bus lines served by a fleet of 40 Mercedes Citaro[citation needed] running on compressed natural gas and a few smaller buses using diesel. There are plans of initiating a tram network [11]to achieve faster and higher-capacity public transport in some parts of the city and to the suburban towns of Dalby, Staffanstorp and Södra Sandby.
In recent years the pressure on rail and bus lines has increased, due to the ever growing commuting between Lund, Malmö and other nearby places and increased casual and professional contacts with the Copenhagen area. As of 2009, the railyard and quays area of Lund station is undergoing some rearrangements to accommodate expected growth in traffic, while Malmö station has also been rebuilt in tandem with the Malmö City Tunnel, which opened in December 2010.
Airports[link]
Lund is located close to Malmö-Sturup Airport which is mainly used for domestic flights. Kastrup, the airport for Copenhagen is often used for longer international flights, and is about 33 minutes by train from Lund. There also used to be a very small airstrip, Hasslanda Flygfält, to the south of Lund, mainly used for private and charter flights.
Culture[link]
The culture in Lund is characterized by the large student population and student traditions, such as a student theater group since 1886.[12] A substantial part of the nightlife is located at student fraternities called 'Nations'.
Lund also has a city theatre (though without a professional local ensemble of its own) and a number of other places for concerts and theatres.
Lund hosts the largest open-air museum of Scania, Kulturen. Kulturen is the second oldest dedicated open-air museum in the world and consists of more than 30 buildings, as well as large collections on Scanian art, crafts. local archaeology and history. The museum was founded in 1892 by Georg Karlin. Today the museum often hosts different exhibitions and its visitors can experience how Swedish people lived and worked throughout the centuries.[13]
Literature, art, and cinema[link]
Numerous prominent figures from the literary world lived and worked in Lund, often in association with the university and theatre. They are listed below with notable natives.
The city has a vivid tradition in music and theatre, stimulated by the church, university, schools, student musical festivities, and the Spex tradition (parodistic musical plays, often setting well-known music to new lyrics and mixing up the historical and the present in unconventional intrigues) and, especially, the "Lund Carnival" (for which see the special section).
Lund has long been a regional centre for classical and church music. In particular, Lund is renowned for its vibrant amateur choir scene, with choirs such as Carolinae damkör, Domkyrkokören, Katedralkören, Lunds akademiska kör, Lund Chamber Choir (Swedish: Lunds Kammarkör), Lunds Studentsångförening, Lunds vokalensemble, and the Svanholm Singers. Since 2006, Lund has been the host of the biannual Lund International Choral Festival.[14] In more recent decades, Lund has also developed a lively pop and jazz scene.
The concluding scenes in Ingmar Bergman's classic film Wild Strawberries were set in, and were shot, in Lund.
Lundakarnevalen[link]
The Lund carnival has been held every four years since the mid-nineteenth century: traditional accounts say it originated at a wedding in 1849 (the four-year intervals place the party in 2002, 2006, 2010, etc.). Arranged by the students of the university, from the 1950s onwards the event has grown in size and intensity (with some 5500 volunteers 2010), but it remains an amateur event. Midway between a music and stage fair, a city festival, and an outpouring of satire, parody and general madness. Some students dress up in costumes, often relating to and poking fun at current issues, and parade in wagons. Others perform humorous skits in the evenings. The carnival revues and other stage entertainments have launched a number of well-known entertainers and actors over the years.
Sports[link]
Lund is not a notable center for sports except for handball, where it has two teams in the men's top league: H 43 and LUGI and two teams in the women's top league: H43/Lundagård and LUGI. It also has a chess team, Lunds ASK, that for decades has been among the top teams in Sweden. Lund is also the birthplace of the online football manager game Hattrick. Lund also has a Division 1 football club called Lunds BK. Lund hosted matches from the 2011 Handball World Championship in the Färs och Frosta Sparbank Arena.
Industry[link]
Lund is a centre of high tech companies, such as Sony Ericsson, Ericsson Mobile Platforms, Doro and other telecommunication companies. The Lund Institute of Technology has historical connections with the industrial economy. A business park, Ideon, is for high tech companies that have ties to the university.
Other important industries include medical technology (Gambro), pharmaceuticals, biotechnology (Active Biotech, among others), heat exchanger and separator (Alfa Laval), and publishing and library services. The hospital and the university in Lund are two other major employers, with extensive research facilities.
Astra Zeneca offices closed down in 2010 and has been replaced by Ideon Medicon Village.
Lund is home to the Tetra Pak company, which manufactures and markets paper packaging and equipment for milk, orange juice, etc. all over the world.
Education[link]
- Lund University
- Lund Institute of Technology
- Lund School of Economics and Management
- Royal Swedish Physiographic Society
Notable natives and residents[link]
- Klas Anshelm, architect
- Axwell, professional DJ
- Rolf-Göran Bengtsson, Olympic equestrian
- Martin Dahlin, footballer
- Timbuktu (Jason Diakité), hip-hop and reggae artist
- Kim Ekdahl du Rietz, handball player
- Mikael Håfström, film writer and director
- Amanda Jenssen, singer and Idol competitor
- Joachim Johansson, tennis player
- Helena Josefsson, singer
- Roger Ljung, footballer
- Jan Malmsjö, actor
- Lukas Moodysson, film writer, director
- Ivo Pekalski, footballer
- The Radio Dept., band
- Ola Svensson, pop singer
- Max von Sydow, actor
- Linus Thörnblad, Olympic high jumper
- Elin Wägner, feminist writer
- Måns Zelmerlöw, pop singer
Literary residents[link]
- Vilhelm Ekelund, poet
- Hjalmar Gullberg, writer, poet and translator
- Ola Hansson, writer, poet and critic
- Carl Linnaeus, scientist and author
- Axel Lundegård, writer
- Anders Österling, writer, poet, translator and critic
- Lars Norén, poet and playwright
- Bengt Lidforss, natural scientist and writer
- Göran Sonnevi, poet and translator
- August Strindberg, playwright
- Esaias Tegnér, writer and bishop
See also[link]
- Lund Principle, an important principle in ecumenical relations between Christian churches.
- Uppsala
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ Lund University, The Solander Program Website
- ^ Universities in the Øresund Region, Øresund Entrepreneurship Academy Website
- ^ Welcome to Lund University
- ^ Cohen, Sidney (1977). "The Earliest Scandinavian Towns". The Medieval City (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press): 313–325.
- ^ "Uppåkra - en forntida centralort". http://www.uppakra.se/. Retrieved 23 may 2010.
- ^
"Lund". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. - ^ "Weather Information for Copenhagen". World Weather Information Service. http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?wealocations=wc:DAXX0009&q=Copenhagen%2c+DNK+forecast:averagesm. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
- ^ "The city where bicycles dominate". BBC News. 2009-12-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8393475.stm.
- ^ Åk grönt med Skånetrafikens stadsbussar, (in Swedish) Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ http://www.lund.se/sparvagn
- ^ Lundaspexarna
- ^ Välkommen till Kulturen i Lund - startsida
- ^ Homepage of the Lund International Choral Festival (in Swedish)
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lund |
- Lunds Kommun - Official site
- Visitlund.se Tourist information
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lund
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans | |
|---|---|
 Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans at the 2007 Glastonbury Festival |
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| Background information | |
| Also known as | Corb Lund Band |
| Origin | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
| Genres | Country Folk Bluegrass Indie |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | New West |
| Website | corblund.com |
| Members | |
| Corb Lund Kurt Ciesla Grant Siemens Brady Valgardson |
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Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans are a Canadian country music band, formerly known as the Corb Lund Band.
Corb Lund[link]
Corb Lund, the lead singer, grew up in Southern Alberta living on his family's farm and ranches near Taber, Cardston and Rosemary. He is proud of being an Albertan.[1] Lund left his hometown of Taber and moved to Edmonton, where he enrolled in the Grant MacEwan College to study jazz guitar and bass.
Lund was a founding member of The Smalls, who sold over 35,000 albums over a twelve year span, all released independently. Lund and the Smalls toured extensively in Canada, the United States and Europe, including a stint in Bosnia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic. The band retired in the fall of 2001.
The Hurtin' Albertans[link]
Hurtin' Albertans is Corb Lund's touring band. They have released five albums to critical acclaim.[2][3] The band tours regularly in Canada, the United States and Australia. Much of their time is spent in the Canadian Prairies and the American southwest.
The band's members are:
- Kurt Ciesla, bass
- Grant "Demon" Siemens, guitar and other strings
- Brady Valgardson, drums
Siemens is the only member who is not Albertan, hailing from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Farmer/drummer Valgardson and Lund are from Taber, Alberta.
The band has toured Europe, where they played the UK Glastonbury Festival, and Australia several times. The group was featured the movie "Slither" (2006) and were part of the soundtrack to the 2008 documentary, "Holler Back: (Not) Voting in an American Town." They have also provided accompaniment for an NBC special in 2006, on which Olympic gold medalist and fellow Albertan, Kurt Browning, performed a figure skating routine to “Expectation and the Blues”. Their music can also be heard in the ski film "Nine Winters Old."
Corb Lund signed a two-album deal with New West Records (home of Dwight Yoakam, Steve Earle, Kris Kristofferson and other major artists) in 2009. His first record on New West, "Losin' Lately Gambler," was released in September 2009.
Corb Lund and the Hurtin Albertans played their 2009 single "Long Gone to Saskatchewan" in Ottawa for the 2011 Canada Day ceremonies in the presence of the newlywed Duke and Dutchess of Cambridge on their Royal visit to Canada.[4]
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Album details | Peak positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAN [5] |
|||||||||
| Modern Pain |
|
— | |||||||
| Unforgiving Mistress |
|
— | |||||||
| Five Dollar Bill |
|
— | |||||||
| Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer |
|
— |
|
||||||
| Horse Soldier! Horse Soldier! |
|
— | |||||||
| Losin' Lately Gambler |
|
20 | |||||||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||||||
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | "No Roads Here" | Five Dollar Bill |
| 2003 | "Five Dollar Bill" | |
| "Roughest Neck Around" | ||
| "Time to Switch to Whiskey" | ||
| 2004 | "(Gonna) Shine Up My Boots" | |
| "Roughest Neck Around" (re-release) | ||
| 2005 | "Truck Got Stuck" | Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer |
| 2006 | "Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer" | |
| "Counterfeiters' Blues" | ||
| "Truth Comes Out" | ||
| 2007 | "I Wanna Be in the Cavalry" | Horse Soldier! Horse Soldier! |
| 2008 | "Family Reunion" | |
| "Horse Soldier, Horse Soldier" | ||
| 2009 | "Hard on Equipment (Tool for the Job)" | |
| "A Game in Town Like This" | Losin' Lately Gambler | |
| "Long Gone to Saskatchewan" | ||
| 2010 | "Devil's Best Dress" | |
| "This Is My Prairie" |
Music videos[link]
| Year | Video | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | "(Gonna) Shine Up My Boots" | Joel Stewart |
| "Roughest Neck Around" | ||
| 2005 | "The Truck Got Stuck" | |
| 2006 | "Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer" | |
| "Counterfeiters' Blues" | Thaddeus Grant Fenton | |
| "Truth Comes Out" | Trevor Smith | |
| 2007 | "I Wanna Be in the Cavalry" | |
| 2008 | "Family Reunion" | Trevor Smith/John Kerr |
| 2009 | "Hard on Equipment (Tool for the Job)" | Trevor Smith |
| "A Game in Town Like This" | ||
| 2010 | "Devil's Best Dress" | Christopher Mills |
Awards[link]
JUNO Awards (Canada)[link]
- 2010 Roots & Traditional Album of the Year (Solo) (nominated)
- 2008 year Roots & Traditional Album of the Year (Solo) (nominated)
- 2006 Roots & Traditional Album of the Year (Solo) (WON)
- 2003 Roots & Traditional Album of the Year (Group) (nominated)
Americana Music Association’s Americana Honors & Awards Show[link]
- 2010 Emerging Artist of the Year (nominated)
- 2010 Albums of the Year: #38
Gold Records[link]
- 2002: Five Dollar Bill (As ranked by the Canadian Recording Industry Association)
- 2005: Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer (As ranked by the Canadian Recording Industry Association)
Canadian Country Music Association Awards[link]
- 2010 Roots Artist of the Year (WON)
- 2009 Roots Artist of the Year (WON)
- 2008 Roots Artist of the Year (WON)
- 2007 Roots Artist or Group of the Year (WON)
- 2006 Album of The Year (WON)
- 2006 Roots Artist or Group of the Year (WON)
- 2006 Album Design of the Year (Jeff Sylvester) (WON)
- 2005 Independent Group or Duo of the Year (WON)
- 2005 Roots Artist or Group of the Year (WON)
- 2004 Independent Group or Duo of the Year (WON)
- 2004 Roots Artist or Group of the Year (WON)
Western Canadian Music Awards[link]
- 2008 Outstanding Roots Recording (WON)
- 2006 Outstanding Independent Recording (WON)
- 2006 Outstanding Roots Recording (WON)
- 2006 Songwriter of the Year (WON)
- 2005 Entertainer of the Year (WON)
- 2003 Outstanding Album (Independent) (WON)
CMC Music Awards (Australia)[link]
- 2011 International Artist of the Year (nominated)
Canadian Folk Music Awards[link]
- 2008 English Songwriter of the Year (WON)
U.S. Independent Music Awards[link]
- 2007 Best Folk/Singer-Songwriter Album (nominated)
- 2003 Country/Bluegrass Album of the Year (nominated)
Country Music Association (Australia)[link]
- 2007 Global Country Artist Award (nominated)
Indie Acoustic Project[link]
- Best Lyrics, “Best CDs of 2007” Awards (WON)
- Best Male Singer-Songwriter, “Best CDs of 2006” Awards (nominated)
The Indies (Canadian Independent Music Awards)[link]
- 2008 Favourite Folk Artist/Group (WON)
- 2007 Favourite Country Artist, Group or Duo of the Year (WON)
- 2006 Favourite Folk Artist/Group (WON)
French Association of Country Music (France)[link]
- 2006 Independent Artist of the Year (WON)
- 2005 Independent Artist of the Year (WON)
Canadian Association for Campus Activities[link]
- 2007 Best Contemporary Music (Recording) (WON)
Artist also appears on[link]
2005[link]
- Carolyn Mark - Just Married: An Album of Duets CD, “Sweet Thing”, Mint
2006[link]
- Slither: Music from the Motion Picture CD, “(Gonna) Shine Up My Boots”, Bulletproof Recording Company Inc.
- Various Artists 30 Years of Stony Plain CDs, “The Truth Comes Out”, Stony Plain
- Worlds Best Award Winning Country Vol. 5- World’s Best Award Winning Country CD, “Truck Got Stuck”, Pid
2007[link]
- Various Artists Gift: A Tribute to Ian Tyson CD, “MC Horses”, Stony Plain
Charity work[link]
In March 2008, the United Nations Children's Fund announced that the band had donated the use of the song "Horse Soldier, Horse Soldier" as the theme song of UNICEF Team Canada, the Canadian national equestrian skill-at-arms team, to support the team's work with UNICEF to provide food and medical care to AIDS orphans and infants infected with HIV in the third world.
In March 2010, Lund appeared as part of Young Artists for Haiti to record a benefit version of K'naan's song "Wavin' Flag".
On July 11, 2010, Lund headlined the Medicine Hat Flood Relief Show, which raised $68,000 for Canadian Red Cross 2010 Flood Relief campaign, which benefits those affected by the disastrous flooding in Southern Alberta.
Lund participated in a charity poker tournament in support of the Centre for Family Literacy in Edmonton, Alberta, on October 22, 2010.
References[link]
- ^ http://www.straight.com/article-132057/albertan-corb-lund-has-provincial-pride
- ^ http://www.corblund.com/presskit/articles/about.pdf About.com album review. Matt Bjorke
- ^ http://www.corblund.com/presskit/articles/exclaim.pdf Exclaim Magazine review, Fish Griwkowsky, Sept. 1, 2005
- ^ McCoy, Heath (30 June 2011). "Alberta’s Corb Lund ready to share his country with royal couple". Calgary Herald. http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/royal-visit/Alberta+Corb+Lund+ready+share+country+with+royal+couple/5033256/story.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ "Canadian Albums Week of October 10, 2009". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/charts#/charts/canadian-albums?chartDate=2009-10-10&order=gainer. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Five Dollar Bill". Music Canada. http://www.musiccanada.com/GPSearchResult.aspx?st=Five%20Dollar%20Bill&ica=False&sa=Corb%20Lund&sl=&smt=0&sat=-1&ssb=Artist. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum Search - Music Canada - Hair in My Eyes Like a Highland Steer". Music Canada. http://www.musiccanada.com/GPSearchResult.aspx?st=Hair&ica=False&sa=Corb%20Lund&sl=&smt=0&sat=-1&ssb=Artist. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
External links[link]
- Corb Lund official website
- Corb Lund at New West Records
http://wn.com/Corb_Lund_and_the_Hurtin'_Albertans
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Corb Lund
http://it.wn.com/Corb Lund
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corb_Lund_and_the_Hurtin'_Albertans
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the badminton player. For the ballet dancer, see Thomas Lund (dancer).
| Thomas Lund | |
|---|---|
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1968-08-02) August 2, 1968 (age 43) |
| Country |  Denmark |
| Doubles | |
Thomas Lund (born August 2, 1968) is a retired male badminton player from Denmark.
Contents |
Career[link]
Lund was one of the world's leading doubles specialists of the 1990s, particularly in mixed doubles. He was a silver medalist in both men's and mixed doubles at the 1991 IBF World Championships. In 1993 and 1995 he won consecutive gold medals in mixed doubles at the IBF World Championships, the first with Sweden's Catrine Bengtsson and the second with his compatriot Marlene Thomsen. From 1990 through 1994 Lund won five consecutive mixed doubles titles with three different partners at the now defunct World Badminton Grand Prix. At the prestigious All-England Championships he captured titles in both men's doubles (1993) and mixed doubles (1993, 1995). Lund was elected to the World Badminton Hall of Fame in 2008.
Summer Olympics[link]
Lund competed in badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with Jon Holst-Christensen. In the first round they defeated Dean Galt and Kerrin Harrison of New Zealand and in second round they were beaten by Razif Sidek and Jalani Sidek of Malaysia.
He also competed in badminton at the 1996 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with the same partner. They had a bye in the first round and lost against Ha Tae-kwon and Kang Kyung-jin of Korea in the second round.
Major achievements[link]
| Rank | Event | Date | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|
| World Championships | |||
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1993 | Birmingham, ENG |
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1995 | Lausanne, SWI |
| 2 2 |
Men's doubles Mixed doubles |
1991 | Copenhaguen, DEN |
| 2 | Men's doubles | 1995 | Lausanne, SWI |
| European Championships | |||
| 1 1 |
Men's doubles Mixed doubles |
1992 | Glasgow, SCO |
| 1 | Men's doubles | 1996 | Herning, DEN |
| 2 | Men's doubles | 1990 | Moscow, USSR |
| Open Championships | |||
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 | World Grand Prix finals |
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1991 | Indonesia Open |
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1991, 1994, 2000 | Singapore Open |
| 1 | Mixed doubles | 1992, 1993, 1995 | Korea Open |
| 1 1 |
Men's doubles Mixed doubles |
1993 1992, 1995 |
All England Open |
| 1 1 |
Men's doubles Mixed doubles |
1995, 1996 1995 |
Swiss Open |
| 2 | Mixed doubles | 1991, 1993 | All England Open |
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lund, Thomas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Danish badminton player |
| Date of birth | August 2, 1968 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Thomas_Lund
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Thomas Lund
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lund
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Janis Joplin | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Janis Lyn Joplin |
| Also known as | Pearl Mary Jane |
| Born | (1943-01-19)January 19, 1943 Port Arthur, Texas, United States |
| Died | October 4, 1970(1970-10-04) (aged 27) Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Genres | Blues rock, soul, psychedelic rock, acid rock, country, folk, hard rock, jazz blues |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, auto-harp, harmonica, piano, percussion |
| Years active | 1962–1970 |
| Labels | Columbia |
| Associated acts | Big Brother and the Holding Company Kozmic Blues Band Full Tilt Boogie Band Grateful Dead |
Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer and songwriter from Port Arthur, Texas. As a youth Joplin was ridiculed by her fellow students due to her unconventional appearance and personal beliefs. She later sang about her experience at school through her song "Ego Rock". Early in her life, Joplin cultivated a rebellious and unconventional lifestyle, becoming a beatnik poet. She began her singing career as a folk and blues singer in San Francisco, playing clubs and bars with her guitar and auto-harp.
Joplin first rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of the psychedelic-acid rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist with her more soulful and bluesy backing groups, The Kozmic Blues Band and The Full Tilt Boogie Band. She was one of the more popular acts at the Monterey Pop Festival and later became one of the major attractions to the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour.
Janis Joplin only charted five singles in her life but her hits and other popular songs from throughout her short four year career include "Down On Me", "Bye, Bye Baby", "Coo Coo", "Summertime", "Piece of My Heart", "Turtle Blues", "Ball 'n' Chain", "Try (Just A Little Bit Harder)", "Maybe", "To Love Somebody", "Kozmic Blues", "Work Me, Lord", "Move Over", "Cry Baby", "A Woman Left Lonely" "Get It While You Can", "My Baby", "Trust Me", "Mercedes Benz", "One Night Stand", "Raise Your Hand" and her only number one hit, "Me and Bobby McGee".
Joplin was well known for her performing abilities and her fans referred to her stage presence as electric. At the height of her career, she was known as "The Queen of Rock and Roll" as well as "The Queen of Psychedelic Soul" and became known as Pearl amongst her friends. She was also a painter, dancer and music arranger.
Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin number 46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004,[1] and number 28 on its 2008 list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.[2]
Contents |
Early life: 1943–1961[link]
Janis Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)January 19, 1943,[3] to Dorothy (née East) Joplin (1913–1998), a registrar at a business college, and her husband, Seth Joplin (1910–1987), an engineer at Texaco. She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. The family attended the Church of Christ.[4] The Joplins felt that Janis always needed more attention than their other children, with her mother stating, "She was unhappy and unsatisfied without [receiving a lot of attention]. The normal rapport wasn't adequate."[5]
As a teenager, she befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by African-American blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey and Lead Belly, whom Joplin later credited with influencing her decision to become a singer.[6] She began singing in the local choir and expanded her listening to blues singers such as Odetta, Billie Holiday and Big Mama Thornton.
Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and folk music with friends. While at Thomas Jefferson High School, she stated that she was mostly shunned.[6] Joplin was quoted as saying, "I was a misfit. I read, I painted, I didn't hate niggers."[5] As a teen, she became overweight and her skin broke out so badly she was left with deep scars which required dermabrasion.[5][7][8] Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like "pig," "freak" or "creep."[5] Among her classmates were G. W. Bailey and Jimmy Johnson.
Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended Lamar State College of Technology in Beaumont, Texas, during the summer[7] and later the University of Texas at Austin, though she did not complete her studies.[9] The campus newspaper The Daily Texan ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27, 1962, headlined "She Dares To Be Different."[9] The article began, "She goes barefooted when she feels like it, wears Levi's to class because they're more comfortable, and carries her Autoharp with her everywhere she goes so that in case she gets the urge to break into song it will be handy. Her name is Janis Joplin."[9]
Singing career: 1962-1965[link]
Cultivating a rebellious manner, Joplin styled herself in part after her female blues heroines and, in part, after the Beat poets. Her first song recorded on tape, at the home of a fellow student in December 1962, was "What Good Can Drinkin' Do".[11] She left Texas for San Francisco ("just to get away from Texas," she said, "because my head was in a much different place"[12]) in January 1963, living in North Beach and later Haight-Ashbury. In 1964, Joplin and future Jefferson Airplane guitarist Jorma Kaukonen recorded a number of blues standards, further accompanied by Margareta Kaukonen on typewriter (as a percussion instrument). This session included seven tracks: "Typewriter Talk", "Trouble In Mind", "Kansas City Blues", "Hesitation Blues", "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out", "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy" and "Long Black Train Blues", and was later released as the bootleg album The Typewriter Tape.
Around this time, her drug use increased, and she acquired a reputation as a "speed freak" and occasional heroin use.[3][6][7] She also used other psychoactive drugs and was a heavy drinker throughout her career; her favorite beverage was Southern Comfort.
In early 1965, Joplin's friends, noticing the physical effects of her amphetamine habit (she was described as "skeletal"[6] and "emaciated"[3]), persuaded her to return to Port Arthur, Texas. In May 1965, Joplin's friends threw her a bus-fare party so she could return home.[3] Back in Port Arthur, she changed her lifestyle. She avoided drugs and alcohol, began wearing relatively modest dresses, adopted a beehive hairdo, and enrolled as a sociology major at Lamar University in nearby Beaumont, Texas. During her year at Lamar University, she commuted to Austin to perform solo, accompanying herself on guitar. One of her performances was reviewed in the Austin American-Statesman. Joplin became engaged to a man who visited her, wearing a blue serge suit, to ask her father for her hand in marriage, but the man terminated plans for the marriage soon afterwards.[8]
Just prior to joining Big Brother and the Holding Company, Joplin recorded seven studio tracks in 1965. Among the songs she recorded was her original composition for her song "Turtle Blues" and an alternate version of "Cod'ine" by Buffy Sainte-Marie. These tracks were later issued as a new album in 1995 titled This is Janis Joplin 1965 by James Gurley.
Big Brother and the Holding Company: 1966–1968[link]
Main article: Big Brother and the Holding Company
In 1966, Joplin's bluesy vocal style attracted the attention of the psychedelic rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company, a band that had gained some renown among the nascent hippie community in Haight-Ashbury. She was recruited to join the group by Chet Helms, a promoter who had known her in Texas and who at the time was managing Big Brother. Helms brought her back to San Francisco and Joplin joined Big Brother on June 4, 1966.[13] Her first public performance with them was at the Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco. In June, she was photographed at an outdoor concert that celebrated the summer solstice. The image, which was later published in two books by David Dalton, shows her before she relapsed into drugs. Due to persistent persuading by keyboardist and close friend Stephen Ryder, Joplin avoided drug use for several weeks, enjoining bandmate Dave Getz to promise that using needles would not be allowed in their rehearsal space or in her apartment or in the homes of her bandmates whom she visited.[8] When a visitor injected drugs in front of Joplin and Getz, Joplin angrily reminded Getz that he had broken his promise.[8] A San Francisco concert from that summer was recorded and released in the 1984 album Cheaper Thrills. In July, all five bandmates and guitarist James Gurley's wife Nancy moved to a house in Lagunitas, California, where they lived communally. They often partied with the Grateful Dead, who lived less than two miles away.
On August 23, 1966,[14] during a four week engagement in Chicago, the group signed a deal with independent label Mainstream Records.[15] Joplin relapsed into drinking when she and her bandmates (except for Peter Albin) joined some "alcoholic hipsters," as Joplin biographer Ellis Amburn described them, in Chicago. The band recorded tracks in a Chicago recording studio, but the label owner Bob Shad refused to pay their airfare back to San Francisco.[6] Shortly after four of the five musicians drove from Chicago to Northern California with very little money (Albin traveled by plane), they returned to Lagunitas. It was there that Joplin relapsed into intravenous drug use. Nancy Gurley was an enabler.[6] Three years later, Joplin, by then using a different band, was informed of Gurley's death from an overdose.[6]
One of Joplin's earliest major performances in 1967 was the Mantra-Rock Dance, a musical event held on January 29 at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. Janis Joplin and Big Brother performed there along with the Hare Krishna founder Bhaktivedanta Swami, Allen Ginsberg, Moby Grape, and Grateful Dead, donating proceeds to the Krishna temple.[16][17][18]
In early 1967, Joplin met Country Joe McDonald of the group Country Joe and the Fish. The pair lived together as a couple for a few months.[3][15] Joplin and Big Brother began playing clubs in San Francisco, at the Fillmore West, Winterland and the Avalon Ballroom. They also played at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, as well as in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, the Psychedelic Supermarket in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Golden Bear Club in Huntington Beach, California.[15]
Monterey and breakthrough[link]
The band's debut studio album, Big Brother and the Holding Company, was released by Columbia Records in August 1967, shortly after the group's breakthrough appearance in June at the Monterey Pop Festival.[12] The debut album spawned four minor hits with the singles "Down on Me", a traditional song arranged by Joplin, "Bye Bye Baby," "Call On Me" and "Coo Coo," all of which Joplin sang lead vocals on.
Two songs from the second of Big Brother's two sets at Monterey were filmed. "Combination of the Two" and a version of Big Mama Thornton's "Ball 'n' Chain" appear in the DVD box set of D. A. Pennebaker's documentary Monterey Pop released by The Criterion Collection. The film captured Cass Elliot, of The Mamas & the Papas, seated in the audience silently mouthing "Wow! That's really heavy!" during Joplin's performance of "Ball and Chain".[6] Only "Ball and Chain" was included in the film that was released to theaters nationwide in 1969 and shown on television in the 1970s. Those who did not attend Monterey Pop saw the band's performance of "Combination of the Two" for the first time in 2002 when The Criterion Collection released the box set.
After switching managers from Chet Helms to Julius Karpen in 1966, the group signed with top artist manager Albert Grossman, whom they met for the first time at Monterey Pop. For the remainder of 1967, Big Brother performed mainly in California. On February 16, 1968,[19] the group began its first East Coast tour in Philadelphia, and the following day gave their first performance in New York City at the Anderson Theater.[3][6] On April 7, 1968, the last day of their East Coast tour, Joplin and Big Brother performed with Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Joni Mitchell, Richie Havens, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop at the "Wake for Martin Luther King, Jr." concert in New York.
Live at Winterland '68, recorded at the Winterland Ballroom on April 12 and 13, 1968, features Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company at the height of their mutual career working through a selection of tracks from their albums. A recording became available to the public for the first time in 1998 when Sony Music Entertainment released the compact disc. One month later, Live at the Carousel Ballroom 1968, was recorded by Owsley Stanley.
In early 1968, Joplin and Big Brother made their nationwide television debut on The Dick Cavett Show, an ABC daytime variety show hosted by Dick Cavett. Shortly thereafter, network employees wiped the videotape. Over the next two years, she made three appearances on the primetime Cavett program, and all were preserved. By 1968, the band was being billed as "Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company",[15] and the media coverage given to Joplin generated resentment within the band.[15] The other members of Big Brother thought that Joplin was on a "star trip," while others were telling Joplin that Big Brother was a terrible band and that she ought to dump them.[15]
Time magazine called Joplin "probably the most powerful singer to emerge from the white rock movement," and Richard Goldstein wrote for the May 1968 issue of Vogue magazine that Joplin was "the most staggering leading woman in rock... she slinks like tar, scowls like war... clutching the knees of a final stanza, begging it not to leave... Janis Joplin can sing the chic off any listener."[5]
[edit] Cheap Thrills
For her first major studio recording, Janis played a major role in the arrangement and production of the recordings that would become Big Brother and the Holding Company's second album, Cheap Thrills. During the recording, Joplin was said to be the first person to enter the studio and the last person to leave. Footage of Joplin and the band in the studio shows Joplin in great form and taking charge during the recording for "Summertime". The album featured a cover design by counterculture cartoonist Robert Crumb. Although Cheap Thrills sounded as if it consisted of concert recordings, like on "Combination of the Two" and "I Need a Man to Love", only "Ball and Chain" was actually recorded in front of a paying audience; the rest of the tracks were studio recordings.[3] The album had a raw quality, including the sound of a cocktail glass breaking and the broken shards being swept away during the song "Turtle Blues". Cheap Thrills produced very popular hits with "Piece of My Heart" and "Summertime". Together with the premiere of the documentary film Monterey Pop at New York's Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on December 26, 1968,[20] the album launched Joplin's successful, albeit short, musical career.[21]
Cheap Thrills reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 album chart eight weeks after its release, remaining for eight (nonconsecutive) weeks.[21] The album was certified gold at release and sold over a million copies in the first month of its release.[8][15] The lead single from the album, "Piece of My Heart", reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the fall of 1968.[22]
The band made another East Coast tour during July–August 1968, performing at the Columbia Records convention in Puerto Rico and the Newport Folk Festival. After returning to San Francisco for two hometown shows at the Palace of Fine Arts Festival on August 31 and September 1, Joplin announced that she would be leaving Big Brother. On September 14, 1968, culminating a three-night final gig together at Fillmore West, fans thronged to honor and exult in the last official night of Janis Joplin with Big Brother and the Holding Company. The lead-in groups for this night were Chicago (then still called Chicago Transit Authority) and Santana. Janis gave one last performance with Big Brother at a Family Dog benefit on December 1, 1968.[3][6]
Solo career: 1969–1970[link]
Kozmic Blues Band[link]
After splitting from Big Brother and the Holding Company, Joplin formed a new backup group, the Kozmic Blues Band, composed of session musicians as well as Big Brother and the Holding Company guitarist Sam Andrew and future Full Tilt Boogie Band bassist Brad Campbell. The band was influenced by the Stax-Volt rhythm and blues (R&B) bands of the 1960s, as exemplified by Otis Redding and the Bar-Kays.[3][6][8] The Stax-Volt R&B sound was typified by the use of horns and had a more bluesy, funky, soul, pop-oriented sound than most of the hard-rock psychedelic bands of the period.
By early 1969, Joplin was allegedly shooting at least $200 worth of heroin per day,[7] although efforts were made to keep her clean during the recording of I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!. Gabriel Mekler, who produced the Kozmic Blues, told publicist-turned-biographer Myra Friedman after Joplin's death that the singer had lived in his house during the June 1969 recording sessions at his insistence so he could keep her away from drugs and her drug-using friends.[8]
Joplin's performance with The Kozmic Blues Band in Frankfurt was released in cinemas around this time. The film shows Joplin arriving in Frankfurt by plane and also includes her interviews from the Royal Albert Hall and on a bus. Most of the performances from this concert were later used in the 1975 film Janis: The Way She Was and is considered one of her best with the Kozmic Blues Band. No security was used so by the end of the concert the stage was so packed with people the band could not see each other. Another film was released of the band's performance in Stockholm featuring Joplin's interpretation of Summertime.
The Kozmic Blues Band performed on many television shows with Joplin. On the Tom Jones television show, they performed "Little Girl Blue" and "Raise Your Hand", the latter with Jones singing a duet with Joplin. On one episode of The Dick Cavett Show, they performed "Try (Just A Little Bit Harder)" as well as "To Love Somebody". As Cavett interviewed Joplin, she admitted that she had a terrible time touring in Europe, claiming that audiences there are very uptight and don't get down. She also revealed that she was a big fan of the then unknown Tina Turner, saying that she was an incredible singer, dancer and show woman. Joplin and Turner also performed together on at least one occasion at Madison Square Garden.
[edit] I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!
The Kozmic Blues album, released in September 1969, was certified gold later that year, but did not match the success of Cheap Thrills.[21] Reviews of the new group were mixed. However, the recording quality and engineering of the record as well as the musicianship were considered superior to her previous releases and some music critics argued that the band was working in a much more constructive way to support Janis' sensational vocal talents. Janis wanted a horn section similar to Chicago Transit Authority (band) and her voice had the dynamic qualities and range to not be overpowered by the brighter horn sound. Some music critics, including Ralph J. Gleason of the San Francisco Chronicle, were negative. Gleason wrote that the new band was a "drag" and that Joplin should "scrap" her new band and "go right back to being a member of Big Brother...(if they'll have her)."[3] Other reviewers, such as reporter Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post generally ignored the band's flaws and devoted entire articles to celebrating the singer's magic. In general the press concentrated more on her leaving Big Brother rather than the qualities of the new recording.
Columbia released "Kozmic Blues" as a single, which peaked at #41 on the Billboard Hot 100, and a live rendition of Raise Your Hand was released and became a top ten hit. Containing other hits like Try (Just a Little Bit Harder), To Love Somebody and Little Girl Blue, I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! reached No. 5 on the Billboard 200 weeks after its release.
Woodstock[link]
Joplin and the Kozmic Blues Band toured North America and Europe throughout 1969, appearing at Woodstock in the late hours of Saturday, August 16. She performed until the early morning hours of Sunday, August 17. Her friend Peggy Caserta claimed in a 1973 book that she encouraged Joplin to perform at the festival. Joplin informed her band that they would be performing at the concert as if it were just another gig. When she and the band were flown in by helicopter with Joan Baez from a nearby motel to the festival site and Joplin saw the enormous crowd she instantly became incredibly nervous and giddy. The documentary film of the festival that was released to theaters the following year includes, on the left side of a split screen, 37 seconds of footage of Joplin and Caserta walking toward her dressing room tent.[23] By most accounts, Woodstock was not a happy affair for Joplin.[3][6][7]
Faced with a ten hour wait after arriving at the backstage area, she shot heroin[6][7] with Caserta and was drinking alcohol, so by the time she hit the stage, she was "three sheets to the wind."[3] On stage her voice became slightly hoarse and wheezy and she found it hard to dance. Throughout her performance she frequently spoke to the crowd. She pulled through, however, and the audience was so pleased they cheered her on for an encore, to which she replied and sang Ball and Chain. Her performances of Kozmic Blues and Work Me, Lord at Woodstock are notable, though her voice breaks while she sings.
Joplin was ultimately unhappy with her performance and blamed Caserta. Her singing was not included in the documentary film or the soundtrack, Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More, although the 25th anniversary director's cut of Woodstock includes her performance of "Work Me, Lord". Joplin however remained at Woodstock for the rest of the festival.
Laura Joplin said in an interview that Janis went straight home to Port Arthur following Woodstock. She was incredibly vibrant and happy after coming home and really loved the festival.
Madison Square Garden[link]
In addition to Woodstock, Joplin also had problems at Madison Square Garden in 1969. Biographer Myra Friedman claimed to have witnessed a duet Joplin sang with Tina Turner during a concert by The Rolling Stones at the Garden on Thanksgiving Day. Friedman described Joplin during this performance as "so stoned, so out of control, that she could have been an institutionalized psychotic rent with mania."[8]
During a Garden concert where she got solo billing on December 19, some observers believed she tried to incite the audience to riot.[8] For part of this concert she was joined onstage by special guests Johnny Winter and Paul Butterfield.
Joplin told rock journalist David Dalton, the audience watched and listened to "every note [she sang] with 'Is she gonna make it?' in their eyes."[15] In her interview with Dalton she added that she felt most comfortable performing at small, cheap venues in San Francisco that were associated with the counterculture. At the time of this June 1970 interview she already had performed in the Bay Area for what turned out to be the last time.
Sam Andrew, the lead guitarist who had left Big Brother with Joplin in December 1968 to form her back-up band, quit in late summer 1969 and returned to Big Brother without her. At the end of the year, the Kozmic Blues Band broke up. Their final gig with Joplin was at Madison Square Garden in New York City on the night of December 19–20, 1969.[3][15]
Full Tilt Boogie Band[link]
In February 1970, Joplin traveled to Brazil, where she stopped her drug and alcohol use. She was accompanied on vacation there by her friend Linda Gravenites, who had designed the singer's stage costumes from 1967 to 1969. Joplin was romanced by a fellow American tourist named David (George) Niehaus, who was traveling around the world. A Joplin biography written by her sister Laura said, "David was an upper-middle-class Cincinnati kid who had studied communications at Notre Dame. ... [and] had joined the Peace Corps after college and worked in a small village in Turkey. ... He tried law school, but when he met Janis he was taking time off."[24] Niehaus and Joplin were photographed by the press at Rio Carnival in Rio de Janeiro.[15] Gravenites also took color photographs of the two during their Brazilian vacation. According to Joplin biographer Ellis Amburn, in Gravenites' snapshots they "look like a carefree, happy, healthy young couple having a tremendously good time."[6] Rolling Stone magazine interviewed Joplin during an international phone call, quoting her, "I'm going into the jungle with a big bear of a beatnik named David Niehaus. I finally remembered I don't have to be on stage twelve months a year. I've decided to go and dig some other jungles for a couple of weeks."[6] Amburn added in 1992, "Janis was trying to kick heroin in Brazil, and one of the nicest things about George was that he wasn't into drugs."[6]
Joplin began using heroin again when she returned to the United States. Her relationship with Niehaus soon ended because of his witnessing her shooting drugs at her new home in Larkspur, California, her romantic relationship with Peggy Caserta, who also was an intravenous addict, and her refusal to take some time off work and travel the world with him.[6][25] Around this time she formed her new band, the Full Tilt Boogie Band.[3][6][8] The band was composed mostly of young Canadian musicians and featured an organ, but no horn section. Joplin took a more active role in putting together the Full Tilt Boogie Band than she did with her prior group. She was quoted as saying, "It's my band. Finally it's my band!"[3]
The Full Tilt Boogie Band began touring in May 1970. Joplin remained quite happy with her new group, which received mostly positive feedback from both her fans and the critics.[3] Prior to beginning a summer tour with Full Tilt Boogie, she performed in a reunion with Big Brother at the Fillmore West in San Francisco on April 4, 1970. Recordings from this concert were included in an in-concert album released posthumously in 1972. She again appeared with Big Brother on April 12 at Winterland where she and Big Brother were reported to be in excellent form.[6] It was around this time that Joplin began wearing multi-coloured feather boas in her hair. By the time she began touring with Full Tilt Boogie, Joplin told people she was drug-free, but her drinking increased.[6]
Festival Express[link]
From June 28 to July 4, 1970, Joplin and Full Tilt Boogie joined the all-star Festival Express train tour through Canada, performing alongside Buddy Guy, Rick Danko and The Band, Ten Years After, Grateful Dead, Delaney and Bonnie, Eric Andersen, and Ian & Sylvia.[6] They played concerts in Toronto, Winnipeg and Calgary.[6][15] Janis jammed with the other performers on the train and her performances on this tour are considered to be among her greatest.
Joplin convinced The Band, who originally did not want to perform, to come telling them it was going to be a great party.
Joplin headlined the festival on all three nights. At the last stop in Calgary, Janis took to the stage with Jerry Garcia while her band was tuning up. She told the audience how great the tour was and presented the organisers with a case of Tequila. She then burst into a two hour set, starting with Tell Mama. Throughout this performance, Janis went into several banters where she spoke about her failed love life. She finished the night with long versions pf Get It While You Can and Ball and Chain.
Footage of her performance of the song Tell Mama in Calgary became an MTV video in the early 1980s and the sound was included on the 1982 Farewell Song album. The audio of other Festival Express performances was included on that 1972 Joplin In Concert album. Video of the performances was included on the Festival Express DVD. Her full performances of Festival Express exist and have been released on bootlegs but all footage has yet to be released. In the Tell Mama video shown on MTV in the 1980s, Joplin wore a psychedelically colored loose-fitting costume and feathers in her hair. This was her standard stage costume in the spring and summer of 1970. She chose the new costumes after her friend and designer, Linda Gravenites (whom Joplin had praised in the May 1968 issue of Vogue), cut ties with Joplin shortly after their return from Brazil, due largely to Joplin's continued use of heroin.[3][6]
During the Festival Express tour, Joplin was accompanied by Rolling Stone writer David Dalton, who later wrote several articles and a book on Joplin. She told Dalton:
I'm a victim of my own insides. There was a time when I wanted to know everything ... It used to make me very unhappy, all that feeling. I just didn't know what to do with it. But now I've learned to make that feeling work for me. I'm full of emotion and I want a release, and if you're on stage and if it's really working and you've got the audience with you, it's a oneness you feel.[15]
[edit] Pearl
Main article: Pearl (album)
Among her last public appearances were two broadcasts of The Dick Cavett Show. In a June 25, 1970, appearance, she announced that she would attend her ten-year high-school class reunion. When asked if she had been popular in school, she admitted that when in high school, her schoolmates "laughed me out of class, out of town and out of the state."[26] In the August 3, 1970, Cavett broadcast, Joplin referred to her upcoming performance at the Festival for Peace to be held at Shea Stadium in Queens, New York, on August 6, 1970.
Joplin attended the reunion on August 14, accompanied by fellow musician and friend Bob Neuwirth, road manager John Cooke, and her sister Laura, but it reportedly proved to be an unhappy experience for her.[27] Joplin held a press conference in Port Arthur during her reunion visit. Interviewed by Rolling Stone journalist Chet Flippo, she was reported to wear enough jewelry for a "Babylonian whore."[6] When asked by a reporter during the reunion if Joplin entertained at Thomas Jefferson High School when she was a student there, Joplin replied, "Only when I walked down the aisles."[3][3][5] Joplin denigrated Port Arthur and the people who'd humiliated her a decade earlier in high school.[3]
Joplin's last public performance, with the Full Tilt Boogie Band, took place on August 12, 1970, at the Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts. A positive review appeared on the front page of The Harvard Crimson newspaper despite the facts that Full Tilt Boogie performed with makeshift sound amplifiers after their regular equipment was stolen in Boston.[8]
During late August, September and early October 1970, Joplin and her band rehearsed and recorded a new album in Los Angeles with producer Paul A. Rothchild, who had produced recordings for The Doors. Although Joplin died before all the tracks were fully completed, there was still enough usable material to compile a long-playing record.
The result of the sessions was the posthumously released Pearl (1971). It became the biggest selling album of her career[21] and featured her biggest hit single, a cover of Kris Kristofferson's Me and Bobby McGee. Kristofferson had been Joplin's lover in the spring of 1970.[28] The opening track Move Over was written by Joplin, reflecting the way that she felt men treated women in relationships. Also included was the social commentary of the a cappella Mercedes Benz, written by Joplin, Bob Neuwirth and beat poet Michael McClure. The track on the album features the first and only take that Joplin recorded. The track Buried Alive In The Blues, to which Joplin had been scheduled to add her vocals on the day she was found dead, was included as an instrumental. In 2003, Pearl was ranked No. 122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
Joplin checked into the Landmark Motor Hotel on August 24, 1970,[29] which was located in Hollywood Heights near Sunset Sound Recorders[6] where she began rehearsing and recording her album. During the sessions, Joplin continued a relationship with Seth Morgan, a 21-year-old UC Berkeley student, cocaine dealer and future novelist who had visited her new home in Larkspur, California several times in July and August.[3][6][7] She and Morgan became engaged to be married in early September[5] even though he visited Sunset Sound Recorders for just eight of the many sessions when Joplin worked, much to her dismay.[6] Much later Morgan told biographer Myra Friedman that as a non-musician he felt excluded while in the studio.[8] He stayed at Joplin's Larkspur home for days at a time while Joplin stayed alone at the Landmark,[8] although several times she visited Larkspur to be with him and to check the progress of renovations she was having done on the house.
Peggy Caserta claimed in her 1973 book Going Down With Janis that she and Joplin had decided mutually in April 1970 to stay away from each other to avoid enabling each other's drug use.[7] Caserta, a former Delta Air Lines stewardess[7] and owner of a clothing boutique in the Haight Ashbury,[7] said that by September 1970 she had resorted to smuggling marijuana throughout California[7] and she checked into the Landmark that month because it attracted drug users.[7] Joplin learned of Caserta's presence in Los Angeles and staying at the same hotel from a heroin dealer who made deliveries to the Landmark.[7] Joplin begged Caserta for heroin[7] and within a few days became a regular customer of that heroin dealer.[7]
Joplin's manager Albert Grossman and his assistant Myra Friedman had taken part in an intervention with Joplin the previous winter.[8] While they worked at Grossman's New York office during the Pearl sessions, they knew Joplin was staying at a Los Angeles hotel but did not know it attracted drug users and dealers.[8]
On September 26, 1970, Joplin recorded vocals for Half Moon and Cry Baby.[30] Then Full Tilt Boogie recorded the instrumental track for Buried Alive In The Blues.[31] The session ended with Joplin, keyboardist Richard Bell (Canadian musician) and drummer Clark Pierson making a special one-minute recording as a birthday gift to John Lennon.[32] Joplin was among several singers who had been contacted, or whose management had been contacted, by Yoko Ono with a request for a taped greeting for Lennon's 30th birthday,[27] which was October 9. Joplin, Bell and Pierson chose the Dale Evans composition Happy Trails. Lennon told Dick Cavett on-camera the following year that Joplin's taped greeting arrived at his home after her death.[27]
The last recording Joplin completed was on October 1, 1970 – Mercedes Benz. On Saturday, October 3, Joplin visited Sunset Sound Recorders[6] to listen to the instrumental track for Nick Gravenites' song Buried Alive in the Blues, which the band had recorded one week earlier.[33] She and Paul Rothchild agreed she would record the vocal the following day.[24][15] At some point on Saturday, she learned by telephone that Seth Morgan was staying at her home and using her pool table with other women he had met that day.[8] In the studio she was heard expressing anger about this and about Morgan having broken a promise to visit her the previous night,[8] although she also expressed joy about the progress of the sessions.[8] She and band member Ken Pearson went from the studio to Barney's Beanery[34] for drinks. After midnight, Joplin drove him and a male fan who tagged along to the Landmark Motor Hotel.[8]
Death[link]
On Sunday October 4, 1970, producer Paul A. Rothchild became concerned when Joplin failed to show up at Sunset Sound Recorders for a recording session. Full Tilt Boogie's road manager, John Cooke, drove to the Landmark Hotel. He saw Joplin's psychedelically painted Porsche 356C Cabriolet in the parking lot. Upon entering her room, he found her dead on the floor beside her bed. The official cause of death was an overdose of heroin, possibly combined with the effects of alcohol.[8][35] Cooke believes that Joplin had accidentally been given heroin that was much more potent than normal, as several of her dealer's other customers also overdosed that week.[36] Peggy Caserta and Seth Morgan had both stood Joplin up the Friday immediately prior to her death, October 2, and according to the book Going Down With Janis, Joplin was saddened that neither of her friends visited her at the Landmark Motor Hotel as they had promised to.[6][7]
Joplin was cremated in the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Mortuary in Los Angeles; her ashes were scattered from a plane into the Pacific Ocean and along Stinson Beach. The only funeral service was a private affair held at Pierce Brothers and attended by Joplin's parents and maternal aunt.[24]
Joplin's will funded $1,500 to throw a wake party in the event of her demise. The party, which took place October 26, 1970, at the Lion's Share, located in San Anselmo, California, was attended by Joplin's sister Laura, fiancé, Seth Morgan and close friends, including tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, Bob Gordon, and road manager John Cooke.
Legacy[link]
Joplin's death in October 1970 at the age of 27 stunned her fans and shocked the music world, especially when coupled with the death just sixteen days earlier of another rock icon, Jimi Hendrix. Music historian Tom Moon wrote that Joplin had "a devastatingly original voice." Music columnist Jon Pareles of the New York Times wrote that Joplin as an artist was "overpowering and deeply vulnerable." Author Megan Terry claimed that Joplin was the female version of Elvis Presley in her ability to captivate an audience.[37]
In 1973, a book about Joplin by her publicist Myra Friedman was excerpted in many newspapers. At the same time, Going Down With Janis by Peggy Caserta attracted a lot of attention with its opening line, which referred to her performing a sex act with Joplin while they were high on heroin in September 1970. Joplin's bandmate Sam Andrew would later describe Caserta as "halfway between a groupie and a friend."[6] According to an early 1990s statement by a close friend of Caserta and Joplin, Caserta's book angered the Los Angeles heroin dealer she described (including the make and model of his car) in detail to her readers. According to Ellis Amburn, in 1973 a "carful of dope dealers" visited a Los Angeles lesbian bar Caserta had been frequenting since Joplin was alive.[6] Amburn quoted Caserta's friend Kim Chappell, who was in the alley behind the bar: "I was stabbed because, when Peggy's book came out, her dealer, the same one who'd given Janis her last fix, didn't like it that he was referred to and was out to get Peggy. He couldn't find her, so he went for her lover. When they realized who I was, they felt that my death would also hit Peggy, and so they stabbed me."[6] Despite being "stabbed three times in the chest, puncturing both lungs," Chappell eventually recovered.[6]
According to biographers Alice Echols and Myra Friedman, Peggy Caserta was one of many friends of Joplin who did not become clean and sober until a very long time after the singer's death, while others died from overdoses.[3][8] Caserta survived "a near-fatal OD in December 1995," wrote Echols.[3] In 2000, Caserta appeared on-camera for a segment about Joplin on 20/20 (US television series).[38]
Joplin, along with Grace Slick of the Jefferson Airplane, opened opportunities into the rock music business for future female singers.[37] Stevie Nicks commented that after seeing Joplin perform, "I knew that a little bit of my destiny had changed. I would search to find that connection that I had seen between Janis and her audience. In a blink of an eye she changed my life."[37][39]
Joplin's body art, with a wristlet and a small heart on her left breast, by the San Francisco tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, was an early moment in the popular culture's acceptance of tattoos as art.[40] Another trademark was her flamboyant hair styles, often including colored streaks and accessories such as scarves, beads and feathers. When in New York City, Joplin, often in the company of actor Michael Pollard, frequented Limbo on St. Marks Place. The performer, well known to the store's employees, made a practice of putting aside vintage and other one-of-a-kind garments she favored on stage and off.
Leonard Cohen's 1974 song "Chelsea Hotel #2" is about Joplin.[41] Likewise, lyricist Robert Hunter has commented that Jerry Garcia's "Birdsong" from his first solo album, Garcia, is about Joplin and the end of her suffering through death.[42][43] Mimi Farina's composition "In the Quiet Morning", most famously covered by Joan Baez on her 1972 Come from the Shadows album, was a tribute to Joplin.[44] Another notable song sung by Joan Baez, Children Of The Eighties mentions Joplin.
At the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival, Nina Simone, who Janis admired greatly, commented on Joplin:
You know I made thirty-five albums, they bootlegged seventy. Oh, everybody took a chunk of me. And yesterday I went to see Janis Joplin's film here. And what distressed me the most, and I started to write a song about it, but I decided you weren't worthy. Because I figured that most of you are here for the festival. Anyway the point is it pained me to see how hard she worked. Because she got hooked into a thing, and it wasn't on drugs. She got hooked into a feeling and she played to corpses.
Simone also included Joplin in her song Stars and opened this act with a rendition of Little Girl Blue.
The 1979 film The Rose was loosely based on Joplin's life. Originally titled Pearl, after Joplin's nickname, and the title of her last album, it was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story.[45][46] Bette Midler earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.
In 1988, the Janis Joplin Memorial, with an original bronze, multi-image sculpture of Joplin by Douglas Clark, was dedicated in Port Arthur, Texas.[47]
In 1992, the first major biography of Janis in two decades, Love, Janis, authored by her younger sister, Laura Joplin, was published. In an interview, Laura stated that Janis enjoyed being on the Dick Cavett Show and that Janis while growing up in Texas had difficulties with some people at school, but not the entire school. Laura stated that Janis was really enthusiastic after performing at Woodstock in 1969.[48]
Joplin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. In November 2009, the Hall of Fame and museum honored her as part of its annual American Music Masters Series.[49] Among the artifacts at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum Exhibition are Joplin's scarf and necklaces, her 1965 Porsche 356 Cabriolet with psychedelically designed painting, and a sheet of LSD blotting paper designed by Robert Crumb, designer of the Cheap Thrills cover.[50] She was the honoree at the Rock Hall's American Music Master concert and lecture series for 2009.[51]
In the late 1990s, the musical play Love, Janis was created with input from Janis's younger sister Laura plus Big Brother guitarist Sam Andrew, with an aim to take it to Off Broadway. Opening in the summer of 2001 and scheduled for only a few weeks of performances, the show won acclaim and packed houses and was held over several times, the demanding role of the singing Janis attracting rock vocalists from relative unknowns to pop stars Laura Branigan and Beth Hart. A national tour followed.[citation needed]
There have been many attempts at making a film about Joplin. On June 13, 2010, producer Wyck Godfrey said Amy Adams starred in director Fernando Meirelles' biographical drama,[52] titled Janis Joplin: Get It While You Can.[45] Previous attempts have included Piece Of My Heart, which was to star Renée Zellweger or Brittany Murphy; The Gospel According To Janis, with director Penelope Spheeris and starring either Zooey Deschanel or P!nk; and an untitled film thought to be an adaptation of Laura Joplin's Off-Broadway play about her sister, with the show's star, Laura Theodore, attached.[45]
Influence[link]
Joplin had a profound influence on many singers. Florence Welch of Florence and The Machine spoke of Joplin's impact on her own musical prowess in an interview for Why Music Matters in a commercial against piracy:
I learnt about Janis from an anthology of female blues singers. Janis was a fascinating character who bridged the gap between psychedelic blues and soul scenes. She was so vulnerable, self-conscious and full of suffering. She tore herself apart yet on stage she was totally different. She was so unrestrained, so free, so raw and she wasn't afraid to wail. Her connection with the audience was really important. It seems to me the suffering and intensity of her performance go hand in hand. There was always a sense of longing, of searching for something. I think she really sums up the idea that soul is about putting your pain into something beautiful.
Discography[link]
Janis Joplin recorded four fully conceived studio albums in her career. Her first two albums were recorded with and fully credited to Big Brother and the Holding Company and the later two being solo albums. Previously unreleased studio and live material were added to these albums tracklistings and also released on the compilation Farewell Song in 1982. Joplins early performances from when she was a folk-blues singer have been released on several well received compilations through the years, one such compilation is the nine disc Blow All My Blues Away. In 2012 The Pearl Sessions were released giving an insight into her creative process.
As a popular psychedelic act of the late 1960's, many of Joplin's live concerts with Big Brother were professionally recorded and have been released on albums like Live at Winterland '68 and Live at the Carousel Ballroom 1968.
Though most of her concerts were recorded during her solo career, few have been officially released, resulting in being heavily bootlegged.[citation needed]
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Big Brother and the Holding Company | 1967 | Mainstream Records | |
| Big Brother and the Holding Company | 1967? | Columbia | Contains 2 extra single tracks |
| Big Brother and the Holding Company | 1967, CD 1999 | Columbia Legacy CK66425 | Contains 2 extra single tracks |
| Cheap Thrills | 1968 | Columbia | 2x Multi-Platinum Recording Industry Association of America |
| Cheap Thrills | 1968, CD 1999 | Legacy CK65784 | Contains 4 extra tracks |
| Live at Winterland '68 | 1998 | Columbia Legacy | ASIN: B000007TSP |
| Live at the Carousel Ballroom 1968 | 2012 | Legacy Recordings |
- Kozmic Blues Band
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! | 1969 | Columbia | Platinum RIAA |
| I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! | 1969, CD 1999 | Legacy CK65785 | Contains 3 extra tracks |
| Live in Amsterdam | |||
| The Woodstock Experience | 2009 | Legacy Recordings |
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | 1971 | Columbia | posthumous, 4x Multi-Platinum RIAA |
| Pearl | 1971, CD unknown date | Columbia CD64188 | |
| Live in Honolulu | 1975 | ||
| Wicked Woman (Janis Joplin album) | 1976 | ||
| Pearl | 1971, CD 1999 | Legacy CK65786 | Contains 4 extra tracks |
| Pearl | 1971, 2CD 2005 | Legacy COL 515134 2 | CD1 – 6 other extra tracks CD2 – full selection from The Festival Express Tour, 3 venues |
| The Pearl Sessions | 2012 | Legacy Recordings |
- Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Concert | 1972 | Legacy CK65786 | ASIN: B0000024Y7 |
- Later collections
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Typewriter Tape
1964 |
|||
| Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits | 1973 | Columbia | ASIN B00000K2W1, 7x Multi-Platinum RIAA |
| Janis | 1975 | CBS | 2 discs, Gold RIAA |
| Anthology | 1980 | 2 discs | |
| Farewell Song | 1983 | Columbia Records | ASIN: B000W44S8E |
| Cheaper Thrills | 1984 | Fan Club | ASIN: B000LYA9X8 |
| Janis | 1993 | Columbia Legacy | 3 discs – ASIN: B00000286P |
| 18 Essential Songs | 1995 | Columbia Legacy | ASIN: B000002B1A, Gold RIAA |
| The Collection | 1995 | 3 Discs | ASIN: B000BM6ATW |
| Live at Woodstock: August 19, 1969 | 1999 | ||
| Box of Pearls | 1999 | Sony Legacy | 5 Discs – ASIN: B0009YNSK6 |
| Super Hits | 2000 | Sony | ASIN: B00004T1E6 |
| Love, Janis | 2001 | Sony | ASIN: B00005EBIN |
| Essential Janis Joplin | 2003 | Sony | ASIN: B00007MB6Y |
| Very Best of Janis Joplin | 2007 | Import | ASIN: B000026A35 |
Filmography[link]
- Monterey Pop (1968)
- Petulia (1968)
- Janis Joplin Live in Frankfurt (1969)
- Janis: The Way She Was (1974)
- Comin’ Home (1988)
- Woodstock - The Lost Performances (1991)
- Woodstock: 3 Days of Peace & Music (Director’s Cut) (1994)
- Festival Express (2003)
- Nine Hundred Nights (2004)
- The Dick Cavett Show: Rock Icons (2005) Shout
- Rockin' at the Red Dog: The Dawn of Psychedelic Rock (2005)
- This is Tom Jones (2007) 1969 appearance on TV show
- Woodstock: 3 Days of Peace & Music (Director’s Cut) 40th Anniversary Edition (2009)
- Janis Joplin with Big Brother: Ball and Chain (DVD) Charly (2009)
References[link]
- ^ "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/janis-joplin-19691231. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/33169. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Echols, Alice (February 15, 2000). Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-5394-8.
- ^ Don Haymes in http://www.adherents.com/people/pj/Janis_Joplin.html.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jacobson, Laurie (October 1984). Hollywood Heartbreak: The Tragic and Mysterious Deaths of Hollywood's Most Remarkable Legends. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-49998-X.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Amburn, Ellis (October 1992). Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin : A Biography. Time Warner. ISBN 0-446-51640-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Caserta, Peggy (October 1980). Going Down With Janis. Dell Publishing. ISBN 0-440-13194-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Friedman, Myra (September 15, 1992). Buried Alive: The Biography of Janis Joplin. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-517-58650-9.
- ^ a b c Hendrickson, Paul (May 5, 1998). "Janis Joplin: A Cry Cutting Through Time". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/features/joplin.htm. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
- ^ "haight". Classic.forgotten-ny.com. http://classic.forgotten-ny.com/NEIGHBORHOODS/haight/haight.html. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ Paytress, Mark (March 1994). "Janis Joplin. Mark Paytress assesses Columbia's three-CD 'Janis' retrospective". Record Collector 175: 140–141
- ^ a b Janis Joplin interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969).
- ^ "Janis Joplin". wolfgangsvault.com. http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/janis-joplin/. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ "Janis Joplin: Rock and Blues Legend". majorlycool.com. http://www.majorlycool.com/item/janis. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dalton, David (August 21, 1991). Piece Of My Heart. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80446-8.
- ^ Bromley, David G.; Shinn, Larry D. (1989), Krishna consciousness in the West, Bucknell University Press, p. 106, ISBN 978-0-8387-5144-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=F-EuD3M2QYoC&pg=PA106
- ^ Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (2006), A reader in new religious movements, Continuum International Publishing Group, p. 213, ISBN 978-0-8264-6168-1, http://books.google.com/books?id=HgFlebSZKLcC&pg=PA213
- ^ Joplin, Laura (1992), "Love, Janis", University of Michigan (Villard Books): p. 182, ISBN 978-0-679-41605-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=Oj4IAQAAMAAJ
- ^ "Big Brother in Concert". bbhc.com. http://www.bbhc.com/bbbase.html. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ Adler, Renata (December 27, 1968). "Screen: Upbeat Musical; 'Monterey Pop' Views the Rock Scene". The New York Times: p. 44.
- ^ a b c d Rosen, Craig (1996). The Billboard Book of Number One Albums: The Inside Story Behind Pop Music's Blockbuster Records. ISBN 0-8230-7586-9.
- ^ "Big Brother & The Holding Company: Charts & Awards". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/big-brother-the-holding-company-p3670/charts-awards/billboard-singles. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
- ^ Footage of Joplin and Caserta begins at 1:44 and ends at 2:21.
- ^ a b c Joplin, Laura (August 16, 2005). Love, Janis. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-075522-9.
- ^ by GlennGarvin - [miamiherald.com] (2007-11-06). "Janis Joplin News Articles - Kozmic Blues". Janisjoplin.net. http://www.janisjoplin.net/news/83/48/Bandmate-recalls-Janis-Joplin-s-big-appetite-in-TV-doc/. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
- ^ "Dick Cavett TV. Interview (1970)". The Dick Cavett Show. 1970-08-03.
- ^ a b c Miller, Danny (January 19, 2007). "Happy Birthday, Janis Joplin". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/danny-miller/happy-birthday-janis-jop_b_39055.html. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ Anthony DeCurtis, Rolling Stone, September 30, 1999
- ^ Los Angeles Herald Examiner October 5, 1970, front page.
- ^ Log of Joplin's recording sessions with dates
- ^ Log of Joplin's recording sessions with dates
- ^ Log of Joplin's recording sessions with dates
- ^ Log of Joplin's recording sessions with dates
- ^ "The Overdose Death of Janis Joplin". Findadeath.com. http://www.findadeath.com/Deceased/j/Janis%20%20Joplin/janis_joplin.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
- ^ Richardson, Derk (April/May 1986). "Books in Brief". Mother Jones.
- ^ Cooke, John Byrne. Janis Joplin; A Performance Diary 1966–1970. Acid Test. p. 126. ISBN 1-888358-11-4.
- ^ a b c ""Joplin's Shooting Star" 1966–1970". http://www.pophistorydig.com/?tag=janis-joplins-death. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ 20/20 segment titled "Downtown" originally broadcast on the ABC network on January 13, 2000
- ^ "Reflections." JanisJoplin.net. Accessed November 13, 2008
- ^ Acord, Deb (November 10, 2006). "Who knew: Mommy has a tattoo". Portland Press Herald.
- ^ "Leonard Cohen on BBC Radio". webheights.net. http://www.webheights.net/speakingcohen/bbctrans.htm.
- ^ AllMusic.com
- ^ Box of Rain: Lyrics 1965–1993 by Robert Hunter, Penguin Books, 1993
- ^ Performed by Joan Baez in her 1972 album Come from the Shadows. Baez wrote the song Blessed Are..., from her 1971 album of the same name, as a tribute to Joplin.
- ^ a b c Elan, Priya. "Is the Janis Joplin biopic finally going to be filmed? Don't hold your breath", The Guardian, August 7, 2010. WebCitation archive.
- ^ Maltin, Leonard (September 24, 2002). Leonard Maltin's 2003 Movie And Video Guide. Plume. ISBN 0-452-28329-9.
- ^ Applebome, Peter (January 21, 1988). "PORT ARTHUR JOURNAL; Town Forgives the Past And Honors Janis Joplin". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/us/port-arthur-journal-town-forgives-the-past-and-honors-janis-joplin.html.
- ^ James, Gary (1992). "Gary James' Interview With Janis Joplin's Sister Laura Joplin". http://www.classicbands.com/LauraJoplinInterview.html. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ Cleveland Scene, August 11, 2009
- ^ "Janis Joplin". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080509054345/http://www.rockhall.com/exhibitfeatured/janis-joplin/. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
- ^ "Rock Hall to honor Janis Joplin in American Music Masters series". Cleveland.com. http://www.cleveland.com/music/index.ssf/2009/08/rock_hall_to_honor_janis_jopli.html. Retrieved September 20, 2009.
- ^ Yamato, Jen. "Exclusive: 'Eclipse' Producer Wyck Godfrey on 3D, 'Breaking Dawn,' and More", FearNet.com, June 13, 2010. WebCitation archive.
Further reading[link]
- Amburn, Ellis. Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin: A Biography. NY: Warner Books, 1992. ISBN 0-446-39506-4.
- Caserta, Peggy. Going Down with Janis: Janis Joplin's Intimate Story. Dell: 1974. ASIN: B000NSBNMI.
- Dalton, David. Piece of my Heart: A Portrait of Janis Joplin. NY: Da Capo Press, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80446-8.
- Echols, Alice. Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin. NY: Henry Holt, 1999. ISBN 0-8050-5394-8.
- Friedman, Myra. (1973). Buried Alive: The Biography of Janis Joplin. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-00160-2.
- Gilmore, John (1997). LAID BARE: A Memoir of Wrecked Lives & the Hollywood Death Trip. Los Angeles: AMOK. ISBN 1-878923-08-0. http://www.amazon.com/Laid-Bare-Memoir-Wrecked-Hollywood/dp/1878923080#_.
ISBN 1-878923-08-0 - Joplin, Laura. Love, Janis. NY: Villard Books, 1992. ISBN 1-888358-08-4.
- Stieven-Taylor, Alison. Rock Chicks. Sydney: Rockpool Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-921295-06-5.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Janis Joplin |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Janis Joplin |
- Biography at The Handbook of Texas Online
- JohnGilmore.com: Spotlight on Janis Joplin
- Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues – janisjoplin.net
- Re-introducing Janis Joplin – slideshow by The New York Times
- Artwork created by Janis Joplin, from her family
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Joplin, Janis |
| Alternative names | Joplin, Janis Lyn |
| Short description | American musician |
| Date of birth | January 19, 1943 |
| Place of birth | Port Arthur, Texas, United States |
| Date of death | October 4, 1970 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, United States |
http://wn.com/Janis_Joplin
Related pages:
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http://cs.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://id.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://es.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://ru.wn.com/Джоплин, Дженис
http://nl.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://pl.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://fr.wn.com/Janis Joplin
http://de.wn.com/Janis Joplin
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Joplin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Svindal in February 2011 |
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| Disciplines | Downhill, Super-G, Giant Slalom, Slalom, Combined |
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| Club | Nero Alpin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1982-12-26) December 26, 1982 (age 29) Lørenskog, Norway |
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| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 1⁄2 in) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Cup debut | October 28, 2001 (age 18) |
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| Website | aksellundsvindal.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Olympics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Teams | 2 – (2006, 2010) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medals | 3 (1 gold) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Championships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Teams | 5 – (2003-11) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Medals | 6 (4 gold) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seasons | 10th - (2003–12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wins | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Podiums | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall titles | 2 – (2007, 2009) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discipline titles | 5 – (3 SG, 1 GS, 1 K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medal record
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Aksel Lund Svindal (born December 26, 1982) is a World Cup alpine ski racer from Kjeller, Norway. Born in Lørenskog, he is a two-time overal World Cup champion (2007 and 2009), an Olympic gold medalist in Super G at the 2010 Winter Olympics, and a four-time World Champion in downhill, giant slalom, and super combined (2007 Åre, 2009 Val d'Isère, and 2011 Garmisch-Partenkirchen).
Contents |
Career[link]
Through February 2012, Svindal has won six World Championship medals, three Olympic medals, four World Cup discipline titles (in combined, super-G, and giant slalom), and 15 World Cup races. Additionally, he won four medals at the 2002 World Junior Championships, including gold in combined. He won his first overall World Cup title in 2007.
On November 27, 2007, during the first training run for the Birds of Prey downhill race in Beaver Creek, USA, Svindal crashed badly after landing a jump. He somersaulted into a safety fence and was taken to Vail Valley Medical Center with broken bones in his face and a six inch (15 cm) laceration to his groin and abdominal area. He missed the remainder of the 2008 season, and returned to World Cup racing in October 2008. His first two victories following his return were a downhill and a super-G in Beaver Creek, on the same Birds of Prey course where he was injured the year before.[1]
At the 2009 World Championships, Svindal won the gold in the Super Combined. Fulfilling his comeback during the 2009 season, Svindal won his second overall World Cup over Benjamin Raich of Austria. Entering the last race of the season, a slalom at the World Cup finals in Åre, Sweden, Svindal led Raich by just two points. They had won the two previous races (a downhill and giant slalom respectively), with Svindal leading but Raich was the favorite as a specialist in slalom. Both skiers went off course and did not finish the slalom, so the Norwegian became the overall World Cup winner.[2] He also won his fourth discipline title, his second in super G.
At the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 15, Svindal won the silver medal in the downhill competition in Whistler, 0.07 seconds behind the winner, Didier Défago of Switzerland, and 0.02 seconds ahead of bronze medalist Bode Miller of the United States. Svindal's medal was Norway's hundredth silver medal at the Winter Olympic Games, making Norway the first nation to win 100 silver medals at the Winter Olympics.
Four days later on February 19, Svindal won the Super-G competition, his first ever Olympic gold medal – ahead of Americans Bode Miller (+ 0.28 seconds) and Andrew Weibrecht (+ 0.31 seconds).
Svindal successfully defended his World Championship in the Super Combined in 2011 in Garmish-Partenkirchen, Germany.[3]
World Cup results[link]
Season standings[link]
| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant Slalom |
Super G | Downhill | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 20 | 39 | 38 | 26 | 23 | 58 | 4 |
| 2004 | 21 | 19 | 41 | 19 | 15 | 36 | 6 |
| 2005 | 22 | 21 | 37 | 17 | 11 | 30 | — |
| 2006 | 23 | 2 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 13 | 7 |
| 2007 | 24 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 1 |
| 2008 | 25 | 40 | 50 | 19 | 22 | 45 | — |
| 2009 | 26 | 1 | — | 5 | 1 | 4 | 11 |
| 2010 | 27 | 4 | 54 | 8 | 3 | 7 | — |
| 2011 | 28 | 4 | 59 | 2 | 16 | 10 | 5 |
| 2012 | 29 | 3 | — | 11 | 1 | 6 | 5 |
Season titles[link]
7 titles: (2 overall, 3 SG, 1 GS, 1 K)
| Season | Discipline |
|---|---|
| 2006 | Super-G |
| 2007 | Overall |
| Giant Slalom | |
| Combined | |
| 2009 | Overall |
| Super-G | |
| 2012 | Super-G |
Individual races[link]
16 victories – (5 DH, 6 SG, 4 GS, 1 SC)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 27 Nov 2005 |  Lake Louise, Canada |
Super G |
| 15 Mar 2006 |  Åre, Sweden |
Downhill | |
| 2007 | 30 Nov 2006 |  Beaver Creek, USA |
Super Combined |
| 21 Dec 2006 |  Hinterstoder, Austria |
Giant Slalom | |
| 14 Mar 2007 |  Lenzerheide, Switzerland |
Downhill | |
| 15 Mar 2007 | Super G | ||
| 17 Mar 2007 | Giant Slalom | ||
| 2008 | 28 Oct 2007 | Sölden, Austria |
Giant Slalom |
| 25 Nov 2007 | Lake Louise, Canada |
Super G | |
| 2009 | 5 Dec 2008 | Beaver Creek, USA |
Downhill |
| 6 Dec 2008 | Super G | ||
| 11 Mar 2009 | Åre, Sweden |
Downhill | |
| 2010 | 18 Dec 2009 |  Val Gardena, Italy |
Super G |
| 2011 | 8 Jan 2011 | Adelboden, Switzerland |
Giant Slalom |
| 2012 | 27 Nov 2011 | Lake Louise, Canada |
Super G |
| 14 Mar 2012 | Schladming, Austria |
Downhill |
References[link]
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ www.gazzetta.it – 2009-03-14
- ^ Ski Racing.com – Svindal defends super combi gold at Worlds – 2011-02-14
External links[link]
- Aksel Lund Svindal at the International Ski Federation
- FIS-ski.com – World Cup season standings – Aksel Lund Svindal
- Ski-db.com – results – Aksel Lund Svindal
- Sports-reference.com - Olympic results - Aksel Lund Svindal
- Aksel Lund Svindal.com – personal site - (English)
- Norwegian Ski Team - alpine skiing - Men's World Cup - (Norwegian)
- Head Skis - teams - Aksel Lund Svindal
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Kjetil André Aamodt |
Norwegian Sportsperson of the Year 2007 |
Succeeded by Andreas Thorkildsen |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Svindal, Aksel Lund |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Alpine skier |
| Date of birth | 1982-12-26 |
| Place of birth | Lørenskog, Norway |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Aksel_Lund_Svindal
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://cs.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://es.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://ru.wn.com/Свиндаль, Аксель Лунд
http://nl.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://pl.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://fr.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
http://de.wn.com/Aksel Lund Svindal
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksel_Lund_Svindal
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
