- published: 24 Mar 2011
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- author: DALYFE101
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![Nightwish - Ghost Love Score (London Brixton Academy 2012) [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121225062450im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YsOfruH6mjU/default.jpg "with Floor Jansen - 5th November 2012 ------------------------------------------------ Watch in HD! Sorry the sound goes wrong sometimes on this video - my finger was over the microphone trying to hold it in the air for 10 minutes without my arm dying!")
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- 1981 Brixton riot
- A Study in Scarlet
- A203 road
- A204 road
- A2217 road
- A23 road
- Abbey Wood
- Abdullah el-Faisal
- Acton, London
- Adam Sutler
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-
1981 Brixton riot
The 1981 Brixton riot (or Brixton uprising) was a confrontation between the Metropolitan Police and protesters in Lambeth, South London, England, between 10 and 12 April 1981. The main riot on 11 April, dubbed "Bloody Saturday" by TIME magazine, resulted in almost 280 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public; over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with thirty burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved.
Brixton in South London was an area with serious social and economic problems. The whole United Kingdom was affected by a recession by 1981, but the local African-Caribbean community was suffering particularly high unemployment, poor housing, and a higher than average crime rate.
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A203 road
Coordinates: 51°28′20″N 0°07′20″W / 51.4723°N 0.1222°W / 51.4723; -0.1222
The A203 is a primary A road in South London. It runs from Brixton to Vauxhall connecting the A23 and A3 with Vauxhall Bridge, the Albert Embankment as well as the London Inner Ring Road for travel across the River Thames. Between Brixton and Stockwell tube station it is known as Stockwell Road. North of here it is called South Lambeth Road because it passes by South Lambeth. It is roughly paralleled by the Victoria Line through its route.
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A2217 road
The A2217 is an A road in London, England. It connects Clapham Common with Camberwell via Brixton.
It is made up of two streets, Acre Lane and Coldharbour Lane.
Acre Lane is a road in South London that leads from Brixton towards Clapham; it continues as Clapham Park Road to reach Clapham Common. With Coldharbour Lane, it forms the A2217. It is within the London Borough of Lambeth. It contains Georgian, Victorian and 20th century buildings. Lambeth Town Hall is on the corner of Acre Lane and Brixton Hill. Bus routes 35, 37, 355 and P5 run the whole length of Acre Lane.
Coordinates: 51°27′41″N 0°6′51″W / 51.46139°N 0.11417°W / 51.46139; -0.11417
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Abbey Wood
Coordinates: 51°29′11″N 0°06′39″E / 51.4864°N 0.1109°E / 51.4864; 0.1109
Abbey Wood is a district of South-East London, England, located mostly in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, and partly within the London Borough of Bexley. It is situated 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross.
The district takes its name from Lesnes Abbey Woods, located to the east.
The Abbey of St Mary and St Thomas the Martyr at Lesnes (or Lesnes Abbey) was founded in 1178 by Richard de Luci, Chief Justiciar of England. The Abbott of Lesnes Abbey was an important local landlord, and took a leading part in draining the marshland. However, this and the cost of maintaining river embankments was one of the reasons given for the Abbey's chronic financial difficulties. It never became a large community, and was closed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, under a licence to suppress monasteries of less than seven inmates. It was one of the first monasteries to be closed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1524, and the monastic buildings were all pulled down, except for the Abbott's Lodging. Henry Cooke acquired the site in 1541 and it eventually passed to Sir John Hippersley who salvaged building materials, before selling the property to Thomas Hawes of London in 1632. It was then bequeathed to Christ's Hospital in 1633.
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Acton, London
Coordinates: 51°30′38″N 0°15′46″W / 51.510519°N 0.262661°W / 51.510519; -0.262661
Acton is a district of west London, England, located in the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 6.4 miles (10 km) west of Charing Cross.
At the time of the 2001 census, Acton, comprising the wards of East Acton, Acton Central, South Acton and Southfield, had a population of 53,689 people.North Acton, West Acton, East Acton, South Acton, Acton Green, Acton Town and Acton Central are all parts of Acton.
Acton means "oak farm" or "farm by oak trees", and is derived from the Anglo-Saxon ac (oak) and tun (farm). Originally an ancient village, as London expanded, Acton became absorbed into the city. Nowadays, Acton lies predominantly in the London Borough of Ealing, although some of East Acton lies within the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and a small portion of South Acton within the London Borough of Hounslow. Acton is home to more railway stations than any other area of London; seven stations in the locality feature Acton in their name.
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Balham
Coordinates: 51°26′36″N 0°09′09″W / 51.4434°N 0.1525°W / 51.4434; -0.1525
Balham (
/ˈbæləm/) is a popular neighbourhood of South West London, England, and is part of the London Borough of Wandsworth.
The settlement appears in the Domesday Book as Belgeham. Bal refers to 'rounded enclosure' and ham to a homestead, village or river enclosure. It was held by Geoffrey Orlateile. Its Domesday Assets were: 1½ ploughs, 8 acres (32,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered (in total): £2. The Balham area has been settled since Saxon times. Balham Hill and Balham High Road follow the line of the Roman road Stane Street to Chichester – (now the A24 road). Balham is recorded in several maps in the 1600s as Ballam or Balham Hill or Balham Manor. The village was largely within the parish of Streatham, although land to the north was part of Battersea. Large country retreats for the affluent classes were built there in the 18th century; however, most development occurred after the opening of Balham railway station on the line to Crystal Palace in 1856.
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Barking
Coordinates: 51°32′N 0°05′E / 51.54°N 0.08°E / 51.54; 0.08
Barking is a suburban town in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, in East London, England. A retail and commercial centre situated in the west of the borough, it lies 9.1 miles (14.6 km) east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Barking is an area of regeneration with two main centres of activity, Barking Town Centre and Barking Riverside.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Berecingas, meaning either "the settlement of the followers or descendants of a man called Bereca" or "the settlement by the birch trees".
"Barking", in English slang, is short for "barking mad". Barking is sometimes cited as the origin of the phrase. This is attributed to the alleged existence of a medieval insane asylum attached to Barking Abbey. However, the phrase is not medieval, and first appeared only in the 20th century. A more likely derivation is from comparing an insane person to a mad dog.
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Barnes, London
Coordinates: 51°28′27″N 0°14′07″W / 51.4741°N 0.2352°W / 51.4741; -0.2352
Barnes is a riverside London suburb in southwest London and in terms of local governance falls under the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is located around 5.8 miles (9.3 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in a loop of the River Thames, with Hammersmith Bridge at the north end. Barnes has a number of 18th and 19th century buildings of exceptional quality, and is often noted for its historic village area centred on the pond, forming the Barnes Village conservation area.
Historically part of Surrey, Barnes appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Berne". It was held by the Canons of St Paul of London. Its Domesday assets were: 8 hides, paying tax with Mortlake; 5 ploughs, 20 acres (81,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered (in total): £7.
The original Norman chapel of St Mary's, Barnes' village church, was built at some point between 1100 and 1150. It was subsequently extended in the early thirteenth century, and again c1485 and in 1786. After a major fire in 1978 destroyed the Victorian and Edwardian additions to the building, restoration work was completed in 1984.
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Barnet
Coordinates: 51°38′40″N 0°11′59″W / 51.6444°N 0.1997°W / 51.6444; -0.1997
High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, North London, England. It is a suburban development built around a twelfth-century settlement and is located 10 miles (16 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. Its name is often abbreviated to Barnet, which is also the name of the London borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word "Chipping" denotes the presence of a market (one was established here in the thirteenth century and persists to this day).
The town's name derives from an ancient settlement, recorded as Barneto c.1070, Barnet 1197, La Barnette 1248, that is 'the land cleared by burning', from Old English bærnet, referring to the clearing of this once densely forested area in early times.
This was the site of the Battle of Barnet in 1471 (more accurately, Hadley), where Yorkist troops led by King Edward IV killed the rebellious "Kingmaker" Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Warwick's brother, John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. Barnet Hill is said to be the hill mentioned in the nursery rhyme "The Grand Old Duke of York".
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Barnsbury
Coordinates: 51°32′39″N 0°07′02″W / 51.5442°N 0.1171°W / 51.5442; -0.1171
Barnsbury is an area of north London in the London Borough of Islington, in the N1 postal districts.
The name is a corruption of villa de Iseldon Berners (1274), being so called after the Berners family: powerful medieval manorial lords who gained ownership of a large part of Islington after the Norman Conquest. The area of Barnsbury was predominantly rural until the early nineteenth century.
By the end of the 18th century, however, Barnsbury, like other parts of Islington, was being regarded as attractive part-rural suburbs by the comparatively wealthy people wanting to move out of the cramped City of London and industrial Clerkenwell. The area is close to the City, and had strong local trade in its position as the first staging post for travellers making the journey from London to the north, and with considerable agricultural traffic and cattle driving to the nearby Smithfield cattle market in the City.
Pentonville Prison (built 1842) is located within Barnsbury.
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Battersea
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°10′04″W / 51.46377°N 0.16771°W / 51.46377; -0.16771
Battersea is an area of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is an inner-city district of South London in fare zone 2, situated on the south side of the River Thames, 2.9 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Charing Cross. Battersea spans from Fairfield in the west to Queenstown in the east. Although in modern times it is known mostly for its wealth, Battersea remains characterised by spates of inequality, with infamous and deprived council estates such as the Winstanley estate surrounding more prosperous areas. In 2001, Battersea had a population of 75,651 people.
Historically a part of Surrey, the area takes its name from the old village of Battersea, an island settlement established in the river delta of the Falconbrook; a river that rises in Tooting Bec Common and flows underground through south London to the River Thames. The site of the original settlement is marked by St. Mary's Church. William Blake was married, and Benedict Arnold and his wife and daughter are buried in the crypt of the church. Battersea is mentioned in Anglo-Saxon time as Badrices īeg = "Badric's Island" and later "Patrisey". As with many former Thames island settlements, Battersea was reclaimed by draining marshland and building culverts for streams.
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Battle of Waterloo
Coordinates: 50°40′45″N 4°24′25″E / 50.67917°N 4.40694°E / 50.67917; 4.40694 The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. An Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the Seventh Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington combined with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. The defeat at Waterloo ended his rule as Emperor of the French, marking the end of his Hundred Days return from exile.
Upon Napoleon's return to power in 1815, many states that had opposed him formed the Seventh Coalition and began to mobilise armies. Two large forces under Wellington and Blücher assembled close to the north-eastern border of France. Napoleon chose to attack in the hope of destroying them before they could join in a coordinated invasion of France with other members of the coalition. The decisive engagement of this three-day Waterloo Campaign (16–19 June 1815) occurred at the Battle of Waterloo. According to Wellington, the battle was "the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life."
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Beckenham
Coordinates: 51°24′28″N 0°01′19″W / 51.4077°N 0.0220°W / 51.4077; -0.0220
Beckenham is a town in the London Borough of Bromley, England. It is located 8.4 miles (13.5 km) south east of Charing Cross and 1.75 miles (2.8 km) west of Bromley town. Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in the county of Kent with almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26,000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century. The current population is nearly 82,000 Today it is very much in London suburbia, although some of the grand houses of the early days remain.
The settlement is referred to as Bacheham in the Domesday Book of 1086, and in the Textus Roffensis as Becceham. The name is thought to derive from Beohha's homestead (Beohhan + ham in Old English). The name of the small stream here - the River Beck - is most likely to have been named after the village.
Population is now 82,300
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Bermondsey
Coordinates: 51°29′55″N 0°04′33″W / 51.4986°N 0.0757°W / 51.4986; -0.0757
Bermondsey ( /ˈbɜrməndziː/) is an area in London on the south bank of the river Thames, and is part of the London Borough of Southwark. To the west lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe, and to the south, Walworth and Peckham.
Bermondsey may be understood to mean 'Beornmund's island'; but, while "Beornmund" represents an Old English personal name, identifying an individual once associated with the place, the element "-ey" represents Old English "eg", for "island", "piece of firm land in a fen", or simply a "place by a stream or river". Thus Bermondsey need not have been an island as such in the Anglo-Saxon period, and is as likely to have been a higher, drier spot in an otherwise marshy area. Though Bermondsey's earliest written appearance is in the Domesday Book of 1086, it also appears in a source which, though surviving only in a copy written at Peterborough Abbey in the 12th century, reliably describes earlier events. This is a letter of Pope Constantine (708-715), in which he grants privileges to a monastery at Vermundesei, then in the hands of the abbot of Medeshamstede, as Peterborough was known at the time.
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Bethnal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′39″N 0°03′58″W / 51.5275°N 0.066°W / 51.5275; -0.066
Bethnal Green is a district of the East End of London, England and part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, with the far northern parts falling within the London Borough of Hackney.[citation needed] Located 3.3 miles (5.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross, it was historically an agrarian hamlet in the ancient parish of Stepney, Middlesex. Following population increases caused by the expansion of London during the 18th century, it was split off as the parish of Bethnal Green in 1743, becoming part of the Metropolis in 1855 and the County of London in 1889. The parish became a metropolitan borough in 1900 and the population peaked in 1901, entering a period of steady decline which lasted until 1981. The economic history of Bethnal Green is characterised by a shift away from agricultural provision for the City of London to market gardening, weaving and light industry, which has now all but disappeared. The quality of the built environment had deteriorated by the turn of the 20th century and was radically reformed by the aerial bombardment of World War II and the subsequent social housing developments. 173 people were killed at a single incident at Bethnal Green tube station in 1943. Bethnal Green has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
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Bexleyheath
Coordinates: 51°27′32″N 0°08′18″E / 51.4589°N 0.1384°E / 51.4589; 0.1384
Bexleyheath is a main suburban district of Southeast London, England, in the London Borough of Bexley. Bexleyheath is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is 12 miles (19.3 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Until the early 19th century, Bexley Heath comprised an area of scrub-land with few buildings, although Bexley Heath windmill stood at the corner of what is today Erith Road and Mayplace Road. The heath bordered Watling Street. In 1766 Sir John Boyd had Danson House built in parkland (now Danson Park between Bexleyheath and Welling). In 1814 the land to the north of Bexley that would become Bexleyheath became subject to an Enclosure Act. In 1859 architect Philip Webb designed Red House for the artist, reforming designer and socialist William Morris on the western edge of the heath, in the hamlet of Upton — before Upton became largely developed as a London suburb. The National Trust acquired the house in 2003.
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BFI Southbank
BFI Southbank (formerly known as the National Film Theatre) is the leading repertory cinema in the UK specialising in seasons of classic, independent and non-English language films and is operated by the British Film Institute.
The National Film Theatre was initially opened in a temporary building (the Telekinema) at the Festival of Britain in 1951 and moved to its present location in 1957, replacing the Thameside restaurant on the site. Subsequently, Southbank Centre expanded its buildings to meet the National Film Theatre from the south, while the Royal National Theatre now occupies the area to the north-east.
On 14 March 2007, the National Film Theatre was relaunched as BFI Southbank in considerably enlarged premises, taking over space that had been used by the Museum of the Moving Image. In addition to the three pre-existing auditoria, the complex now includes a studio, a médiathèque, gallery space, a shop, and a bar and restaurant run by Benugo.
It is sited below the southern end of Waterloo Bridge, forming part of the cultural complex on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. The site comprises three cinemas and studio space, as well as cafes and exhibition space. It also has a large bar area in the foyer, where smaller performances are sometimes held.
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Bloomsbury
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°07′04″W / 51.5262°N 0.1178°W / 51.5262; -0.1178
Bloomsbury is an area of central London between Euston Road and Holborn, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into a fashionable residential area. It is notable for its array of garden squares, literary connections (exemplified by the Bloomsbury Group) and numerous cultural, educational and healthcare institutions. While Bloomsbury was not the first area of London to have acquired a formal square, Bloomsbury Square, laid out in 1660 by Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton as Southampton Square, was the first square to be named as such.
Bloomsbury is home to the University of London's central bodies and departments, including the Senate House Library and School of Advanced Study, and several of its colleges, including University College London, Birkbeck, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the School of Pharmacy and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Numerous healthcare institutions are located in Bloomsbury, including the British Medical Association, Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospital and the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine. The British Museum and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art are also located in the area.
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Bow, London
Coordinates: 51°31′47″N 0°01′44″W / 51.5298°N 0.0288°W / 51.5298; -0.0288
Bow ( /ˈboʊ/) is an area of London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is a built-up, mostly residential district located 4.6 miles (7.4 km) east of Charing Cross, and is a part of the East End.
The name of the area was anciently Stratford, and "Bow" is an abbreviation of the medieval name Stratford-atte-Bow, in which "Bow" refers to a bridge built in the early 12th century.
Stratforde was first recorded as a settlement in 1177, the name is derived from its Old English meaning of paved way to a ford. The ford originally lay on the route of a pre-Roman trackway at Old Ford about 600 metres to the north, but when the Romans decided on Colchester as their initial capital for their occupation, the road was upgraded to run from the area of London Bridge, as one of the first paved Roman roads in Britain. The 'paved way' is likely to refer to the presence of a stone causeway across the marshes, which formed a part of the crossing.
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Brentford
Coordinates: 51°29′10″N 0°18′36″W / 51.4861°N 0.3101°W / 51.4861; -0.3101
Brentford is a suburban town in west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located at the confluence of the River Thames and the River Brent, 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross. Its former ceremonial county was Middlesex.
The name is recorded as Breguntford in 705 in an Anglo-Saxon charter and means 'ford over the River Brent'. The name of the river is Celtic and means 'holy one' and the '-ford' suffix is Old English. The ford was most likely located where the main road crossed the river. New Brentford is recorded as Newe Braynford in 1521 and was previously known as Westbraynford. Old Brentford is recorded as Old Braynford in 1476 and was previously known as Estbraynford.
The settlement pre-dates the Roman occupation of Britain, and thus pre-dates the founding of London itself. Many pre-Roman artifacts have been excavated in and around the area in Brentford known as 'Old England'. Bronze Age pottery and burnt flints have been found in separate sites in Brentford. The quality and quantity of the artefacts suggests that Brentford was a meeting point for pre-Romanic tribes. One well known Iron Age piece from about 100 BC - AD 50 is the Brentford horn-cap - a ceremonial chariot fitting that formed part of local antiquarian Thomas Layton's collection, now held by the Museum of London. The Celtic knot pattern (the 'Brentford Knot') on this item has been copied for use on modern jewellery.
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Brick Lane
Brick Lane is a street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. It runs from Swanfield Street in the northern part of Bethnal Green, crosses Bethnal Green Road, passes through Spitalfields and is linked to Whitechapel High Street to the south by the short stretch of Osborn Street. Today, it is the heart of the city's Bangladeshi-Sylheti community and is known to some as Banglatown. It is famous for its many curry houses.
Winding through fields, the street was formerly called Whitechapel Lane but derives its current name from former brick and tile manufacture, using the local brick earth deposits, that began in the 15th century. By the 17th century, the street was being built up from the south. Successive waves of immigration began with Huguenot refugees spreading from Spitalfields, where the master weavers were based, in the 17th century. They were followed by Irish,Ashkenazi Jews and, in the last century, Bangladeshis. The area became a centre for weaving, tailoring and the clothing industry, due to the abundance of semi- and unskilled immigrant labour.
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Brighton
Coordinates: 50°50′35″N 0°07′53″W / 50.842941°N 0.1313120°W / 50.842941; -0.1313120
Brighton
i/ˈbraɪtən/ is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) in East Sussex, England on the south coast of Great Britain. For administrative purposes, Brighton and Hove is not part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, but remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex, within the historic county of Sussex.
The ancient settlement of Brighthelmstone dates from before Domesday Book (1086), but it emerged as a health resort featuring sea bathing during the 18th century and became a destination for day-trippers from London after the arrival of the railway in 1841. Brighton experienced rapid population growth, reaching a peak of over 160,000 by 1961. Modern Brighton forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation stretching along the coast, with a population of around 480,000.
Brighton has two universities and a medical school (which is operated jointly by both universities).
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Brixton Academy
The Brixton Academy, officially called O2 Academy, Brixton, is one of London's leading music venues, nightclubs and theatres. Situated in Brixton, South London, England, the building has hosted a range of leading rock acts since becoming a music venue in 1983. The maximum capacity is 4,921 (3,760 standing downstairs; 1,083 seated and 78 standing in the circle), alternatively the all-seated capacity is 2,391.
The venue started life as a cinema and theatre in 1929 on the site of a private garden in Stockwell Road. It was built at a cost of £250,000 as an "Astoria" theatre. The opening show was the Al Jolson film The Singing Fool, followed by a variety act, including Heddle Nash and Derek Oldham which was broadcast by the BBC. The building still retains many of its original features, including the proscenium arch and Art Deco interior.
The Astoria eventually closed its doors as a cinema on 29 July 1972. It was then converted into the Sundown Centre rock venue in September 1972, but was not a success and the Sundown closed down some four months later. In May 1974 planning permission was sought to demolish the Grade II listed building and replace it with a motor showroom and petrol station. However the redevelopment scheme was scrapped. The building was kept heated after it closed, and was used as an equipment store by the Rank Organisation.
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Brixton Hill
Brixton Hill is the name given to a 1 km section of road between Brixton and Streatham Hill in south London, England.
Brixton Hill and Streatham Hill form part of the traditional main London to Brighton road (A23). The road follows the line of a Roman Road, the London to Brighton Way, which diverges from Stane Street near Kennington, and led south from the capital Londinium to a port on the south coast.
Prior to the late 19th century, the road was known as Brixton (or Bristow) Causeway. On the eastern side of the road, a series of tree-lined open spaces and front gardens make up Rush Common — an area of common land that, although it is subject to protection under an Act of Parliament of 1811, has seen some incursions for building.
The name Brixton Hill has subsequently been given to the residential areas on both sides of the road, and since 2002, it has also been the name of an electoral ward of the London Borough of Lambeth.
From 1891 until the 1950s Brixton Hill was served by a regular London tram service; it was cable-drawn until 1904 when it was replaced by a conventional electric tram. The tram depot at Streatham Hill, opposite Telford Avenue, housed the tram cars, horses and the steam powered winding gear for the cable. It is now a bus depot. Another surviving tram shed, which can still be seen near the junction of Brixton Hill with Christchurch Road, was designed by London County Council Tramways' architect G. Topham Forest, and had a capacity of 30 trams.
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Brixton Market
Brixton Market comprises a street market in the centre of Brixton, south London, England, and the adjacent covered market areas in nearby arcades Reliance Arcade, Market Row and Granville Arcade (recently rebranded as 'Brixton Village').
The market sells a wide range of foods and goods but is best known for its African and Caribbean produce, which reflect the diverse community of Brixton and surrounding areas of Lambeth. There is some controversy over the selling of live African snails. As of 2009, this practice is still continuing in the covered market areas.
The Street Market is managed by the London Borough of Lambeth. The covered arcades have always been in private ownership, although substantial public funding was provided for their refurbishment under the Brixton Challenge grant scheme.
The Market began on Atlantic Road in the 1870s and subsequently spread to Brixton Road which had a very wide footway. Brixton then was a rapidly expanding London railway suburb with newly opening shops, including the first branch of David Greig at 54-58 Atlantic Road in 1870, and England's first purpose-built department store, Bon Marché, on Brixton Road in 1877. The market was a popular attraction, with lower class shoppers being entertained by street musicians.
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Brixton Mosque
The Brixton Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre (the "Brixton Mosque", or "Masjid ibn Taymeeyah") is a mosque located in Gresham Road in the Brixton area of South London, England. The mosque has facilities for both men and women and space for 500 worshippers during prayer and is currently expanding to accommodate over 1000 worshippers. It also has the largest number of converts for a mosque in the United Kingdom.
Opened in 1990, Brixton Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in South London. The mosque provides religious, social, and financial support to its members. It follows the Salafi tradition in seeking to practice Muslim life as it was during the earliest years of Islam. Worshippers wear traditional Islamic dress. Its congregation is young and multiracial, with an average age of about 30. The mosque works to help rehabilitate recently released prisoners, and is managed by Black British converts. In 2004, the mosque's imam, Omar Urquhart, himself a Black convert to Islam and a graduate from the Faculty of Hadith Studies at the Islamic University of Madinah, said that 60 percent of the mosque's 500 members were Black converts.
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Brixton Prison
HM Prison Brixton is a local men's prison, located in Brixton area of the London Borough of Lambeth, in inner-South London, England. The prison is operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service.
The prison was originally built in 1820 and opened as the Surrey House of Correction, Brixton Prison was intended to house 175 prisoners. However, regularly exceeding its capacity supporting over 200 prisoners, overcrowding was an early problem and with its small cells and poor living conditions contributed to its reputation as one of the worst prisons in London (worsened when Brixton become one of the first prisons to introduce treadwheels in 1821). There is an illustration of prisoners on the 1821 treadmill used to mill corn in Surrey House of Correction.
Conditions for women were especially harsh as newly arrived female inmates were made to spend four months in solitary confinement and, following her introduction into the general prison population, would be required to maintain a condition of silent association. Female inmates were allowed over time to earn privileges, which included limited conversation, payment for labor, the right to receive letters and visitation rights.
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Brixton Road
Brixton Road is a road in the London Borough of Lambeth (south London, England), leading from the Oval at Kennington to Brixton, where it forms the high street and then forks into Effra Road and Brixton Hill at St Matthew's church at the junction with Acre Lane and Coldharbour Lane. Brixton Market is located in Electric Avenue near Brixton Underground station and in a network of covered arcades adjacent to the two railway viaducts. The market arcades were declared listed buildings in 2009 following controversial proposals by Lambeth Council to replace them with a large US-style mall. The former "Brixton Oval" is at the southern end with Lambeth Town Hall, the Ritzy Cinema, the Brixton Tate Library (with a statue of Henry Tate outside) and Mass club, in the crypt of St Matthew's church. The space was renamed Windrush Square in 2010.
Brixton Road dates back to the Roman era when it was part of the London to Brighton Way. The River Effra used to be visible near Lambeth Town Hall, but is now underground, serving as a storm drain. Fronting Brixton Road at the north end is the Neo-Byzantine style Christ Church, opened in 1902. For much of its length Brixton Road remains lined by Regency period terraces of houses that once made a virtually continuous frontage from Kennington to Brixton. These had become semi-derelict by the 1970s when some were replaced, but many were refurbished by the Greater London Council, mostly as social housing.
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Brixton tube station
Brixton tube station is a London Underground station on Brixton Road in the Brixton district of the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. The station is the southern terminus of the Victoria line. The station was opened on 23 July 1971 by the London Transport Executive. It has high usage for an inner suburban station with 21 million entries and exits during 2010.
The refurbishment of Brixton tube station started in 2001, and was completed in 2010. The station was briefly closed for asbestos removal in 2006.
From the ticket hall, three escalators take passengers to and from the platforms. There are also passenger lifts between street level, the ticket hall and the platforms.
The station is laid out as a two-track terminus with a scissors crossover north of the station, and the line continues for a short distance south of the station platforms to form a pair of sidings. These are used for the overnight stabling of a pair of trains, which then form the morning's first two northbound services.
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Brockley
Coordinates: 51°27′10″N 0°02′04″W / 51.4529°N 0.0345°W / 51.4529; -0.0345
Brockley is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
It is covered by the London postcode districts SE4 and SE14.
The name 'Brockley' is derived from either 'Broca's woodland clearing', or a wood where badgers are seen (broc is the Old English for badger).[citation needed]
The oldest surviving house in the area is the 'Stone House' on Lewisham Way (opposite Lewisham College) built in 1773 by the architect George Gibson the Younger.[citation needed] Most of the area remained agricultural until the mid nineteenth century, the most notable building of the time being the 'Brockley Jack' (since rebuilt), a large Victorian public house which today houses the Brockley Jack Theatre. Brockley Hall (demolished 1931) stood nearby and this area formed the original small hamlet of Brockley. The name Crofton Park was invented by the railway company for its new station and has no historical significance. Brockley market gardens were famous for their enormous Victoria rhubarb which were fertilised by 'night soil' from London. There were orchards too and some ancient fruit trees survive in local gardens. Until the late 19th century a small river flowed northward from Crofton Park and east of Malpas Rd to join the River Thames via Deptford Creek. It is now covered over.
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Bromley
Coordinates: 51°24′25″N 0°01′16″E / 51.4070°N 0.0210°E / 51.4070; 0.0210
Bromley is a large suburban district of south east London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Bromley. It was historically a market town, and prior to 1963 was in the county of Kent and formed the administrative centre of the Municipal Borough of Bromley. Although technically in London, it is regarded by locals and Londoners alike as in the county of Kent. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the economic history of Bromley is underpinned by a shift from an agrarian village to commercial and retail hub. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and has formed part of Greater London since 1963. It has developed into one of a handful of regionally significant commercial and retail districts outside central London. It is located 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Bromley has a number of affluent areas and is regarded as being one of the richest London Boroughs. There are a number of gated communities within the borough, most noticeably Keston Park (in Keston, Orpington), Farnborough Park (Farnborough, Orpington) and Bickley Park (in the affluent areas of Bickley and Chislehurst)
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Camberwell
Coordinates: 51°28′25″N 0°05′28″W / 51.4736°N 0.0912°W / 51.4736; -0.0912
Camberwell is a district of south London, England, and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is a built-up inner city district located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.
Camberwell appears in Domesday Book as Cambrewelle. The name may derive from the old English Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning 'Well of the Britons', referring to remaining Celtic inhabitants of an area dominated by Anglo-Saxons. An alternative theory suggests the name may mean 'Cripple Well', and that the settlement developed as a hamlet where people from the City of London were expelled when they had life threatening diseases like leprosy, for treatment by the church and the clean, healing waters from the wells. Springs and wells are known to have existed on the southern slope of Denmark Hill, especially around Grove Park.
It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its domesday assets were: 6 hides and 1 virgate; 1 church, 8 ploughs, 63 acres (250,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs. It rendered £14. Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs. Like much of inner South London, Camberwell was transformed by the arrival of the railways in the 1860s.
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Camden Town
Coordinates: 51°32′28″N 0°08′36″W / 51.541°N 0.1433°W / 51.541; -0.1433
Camden Town is a district of Inner London in northwest London, England, and the central neighbourhood of the London Borough of Camden. It is located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was laid out as a residential district from 1791 and was originally part of the manor of Kentish Town and the parish of St Pancras, Middlesex. The town became an important location during the early development of the railways and is also located on the London canal network. Its industrial heritage has made way for retail, tourism and entertainment, including a number of internationally renowned markets and music venues that are strongly associated with alternative culture.
Camden Town is named after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. His earldom was styled after his estate, Camden Place near Chislehurst in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bromley), formerly owned by historian William Camden. The name, which appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1822, was later applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.
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Canonbury
Coordinates: 51°32′37″N 0°05′18″W / 51.5437°N 0.0883°W / 51.5437; -0.0883
Canonbury is a residential district in the London Borough of Islington in the north of London. It is roughly in the area between Essex Road, Upper Street and Cross Street and either side of St Paul's Road. In 1253 land in the area was granted to the Canons of St Bartholomew’s Priory, Smithfield and became known as Canonbury. The area continued predominantly as open land until it was developed as a suburb in the early 19th century. In common with similar inner London areas, it suffered decline when the construction of railways in the 1860s enabled commuting into the city from further afield. The gentrification of the area from the 1950s included new developments to replace war-damaged properties in Canonbury Park North and South as well as restoration of older buildings.
East Canonbury is the south-eastern corner of the district, bordering on the Regents Canal. Parts of this area were transferred to the district from the London Borough of Hackney in a boundary adjustment (along the line of the northern tow-path of the canal), in 1993.
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Carshalton
Coordinates: 51°21′55″N 0°10′03″W / 51.3652°N 0.1676°W / 51.3652; -0.1676
Carshalton (pronounced /kɑːˈʃɔːltən/, kah-SHAWLT-ən, used to be also /keɪsˈhɔːtən/, kays-HAWT-ən) is a suburban area of the London Borough of Sutton, England. It is located 10 miles (16.1 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross, situated in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village. The combined population of the five wards comprising Carshalton was 45,525 at the 2001 census. It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Carshalton and Wallington.
To the south of the area now known as Carshalton, remains of artefacts dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age have been found, suggesting that this was an early place of habitation. Prior to the Norman Conquest it is recorded that there were five manors in this location owned by five freemen.
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred.
Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 1 mill worth £1 15s 0d, 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 2 hogs. It rendered £15 10s 0d.
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Catford
Coordinates: 51°26′43″N 0°01′15″W / 51.4452°N 0.0207°W / 51.4452; -0.0207
Catford is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.3 miles (10.1 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
The 1960s and 70s had a considerable impact on the architecture of Catford. The old Town Hall, 'the Catford Cathedral' of 1875, was replaced by the current Civic Suite in 1968, soon after the merger of the metropolitan boroughs of Lewisham and Deptford. Laurence House, where many of the borough's offices are housed, is on the site of old St Laurence's Church (aka the Catford Cathedral). The brutalist Eros House, which replaced the Lewisham Hippodrome (Catford's music hall designed by the famous theatre architect Frank Matcham) in 1960, is now Grade II listed. Architecture critic Ian Nairn praised Eros House as:
In Rushey Green outside Eros House, the old village hand-pump from the 1850s survives. In 1974 the Catford shopping centre was built by the brutalist architect Owen Luder.
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Charing Cross
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°07′39″W / 51.5073°N 0.12755°W / 51.5073; -0.12755
Charing Cross denotes the junction of Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in central London, England. It is named after the now demolished Eleanor cross that stood there, in what was once the hamlet of Charing. The site of the cross is now occupied by an equestrian statue of King Charles I. Since the second half of the 18th century Charing Cross has been seen as the centre of London. It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone, Hicks Hall and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.
"Erect a rich and stately carved cross, Whereon her statue shall with glory shine; And henceforth see you call it Charing Cross." George Peele The Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First (1593)
The name of the hamlet of Charing is derived from the old English word "cierring", referring to the nearby bend in the River Thames.
The addition of the name "Cross" to the area's name originates from the Eleanor cross erected in 1291–94 by King Edward I as a memorial to his wife, Eleanor of Castile, and placed between the former hamlet of Charing and the entrance to the Royal Mews of the Palace of Whitehall (today the top of Whitehall on the south side of Trafalgar Square).
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Charlton, London
Coordinates: 51°29′16″N 0°02′20″E / 51.487674°N 0.038992°E / 51.487674; 0.038992
Charlton is a former village, now a suburb, in south London, England, and part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is located 7.2 miles (11.6 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross. Charlton next Woolwich was an ancient parish in the county of Kent, which became part of the metropolitan area of London in 1855. It is home to Charlton Athletic F.C. and the location of Charlton House.
Charlton is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Cerletone. It is formed from Old English 'ceorl' and 'tūn' and means 'farmstead of the freemen or peasants'. It is a common English placename and the parish was also known as Charlton next Woolwich to distinguish it from Charlton by Dover. During the 19th century the riverside portion of the area became known as New Charlton.
Charlton is assessed in the Domesday Book of 1086 at one "sulung", which is commonly held to have been the equivalent of two hides. In 1086 it was in the fee of Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, but in 1066 it had been held from the king as two estates, by two brothers, named Godwine and Alweard. Though assessed at only one sulung, it had a slightly higher value than might be expected, at £7, both in 1066 and in 1086.
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Chelsea, London
Coordinates: 51°29′15″N 0°10′06″W / 51.4875°N 0.1684°W / 51.4875; -0.1684
Chelsea is an area of West London, England, bounded to the south by the River Thames, where its frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment, Cheyne Walk, Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour. Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne, which is now in a pipe above Sloane Square tube station. The modern eastern boundary is Chelsea Bridge Road and the lower half of Sloane Street, including Sloane Square, along with parts of Belgravia. To the north and northwest, the area fades into Knightsbridge and South Kensington, but it is safe to say that the area north of King's Road as far northwest as Fulham Road is part of Chelsea.
The district is part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. From 1900, and until the creation of Greater London in 1965, it formed the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea in the County of London. Chelsea Football Club, the current champions of European football has its grounds at Stamford Bridge, on the border between Chelsea and neighbouring Fulham.
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Chessington
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 0°17′59″W / 51.3635°N 0.2998°W / 51.3635; -0.2998
Chessington is a town in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in Greater London, England. The Hogsmill River runs through it. Neighbouring settlements include: Tolworth, Ewell, Surbiton, Claygate, Epsom, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Esher, Kingston upon Thames and Worcester Park.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Cissan dūn = "hill belonging to [a man named] Cissa".
Chessington appears in Domesday Book as Cisedune and Cisendone. It was held partly by Robert de Wateville and partly by Milo (Miles) Crispin. Its Domesday assets were: 1½ hides; part of a mill worth 2s, 4 ploughs, woodland worth 30 hogs. It rendered £7.
The mansion at Chessington World of Adventures known today as the Burnt Stub was originally built in 1348. In the English Civil War it became a royalist stronghold and was razed to the ground by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentary forces giving it its modern name. The site became an inn and was then rebuilt on a grander scale from the 18th century by the Vere Barker family in a neo-gothic Victorian style. The grounds were turned into a zoo in 1931 by Reginald Goddard. Chessington Zoo became part of the Tussauds Group in 1978 and is now operated as a theme park. The mansion remain as part of the park as a haunted house called Hocus Pocus Hall.
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Chingford
Coordinates: 51°37′52″N 0°00′58″E / 51.631°N 0.016°E / 51.631; 0.016
Chingford is an area of north east London in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It borders Essex to the north, Woodford Green to the east, Walthamstow to the south and Edmonton to the west. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Charing Cross. Landmarks in the west are the William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known together as the Chingford reservoirs, and the River Lea. To the north lies Epping Forest which is in Essex but is maintained by The Corporation of the City of London.
The River Ching runs through the area, and the town of Chingford is close to a number of crossings of that river. However old maps and descriptions give a name for the settlement long before the river has a name and it is likely that the name of the river as "Ching" arose long after the settlement was named. It is also thought that similarly to how Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e), with ching being old English for king, that Chingford could relate to the King's river, and Kings Ford. This idea is compounded by the Queen Elizabeth Hunting Lodge and links to royalty using the area for hunting in centuries gone by.[citation needed] However the most generally accepted explanation by place name genealogists is that the settlement's name comes from an origin of "Shingly Ford" -- that is, a ford over a waterway containing shingles.
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Chislehurst
Coordinates: 51°24′54″N 0°04′44″E / 51.4150°N 0.0789°E / 51.4150; 0.0789
Chislehurst ( /ˈtʃɪzəlˈhɜrst/) is a suburban district in south-east London, England, and an electoral ward of the London Borough of Bromley. It is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
The name "Chislehurst" is derived from the Saxon words cisel 'gravel', and hyrst 'wooded hill'.
Camden Place (now Chislehurst Golf Club) takes its name from the antiquary William Camden, who lived in the former house on the site from c.1609 until his death in 1623. The present house was built shortly before 1717, and was given a number of additions in the late 18th and very early 19th centuries by the architect George Dance the younger. In about 1760, the house and estate were bought by Charles Pratt, the Attorney General, and later Lord Chancellor. Pratt was ennobled in 1765, taking the title Baron Camden, of Camden Place: in 1786 he was created Earl Camden. A later occupant of the house, from 1871 until his death there in 1873, was the exiled French Emperor, Napoleon III. His body and that of the Prince Imperial were originally buried in St Mary's Church, before being removed to St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. The Emperor's widow, the Empress Eugénie, remained at Camden Place until 1885. There is a memorial to Napoléon Eugène on Chislehurst Common, and the area's connections with the imperial family are found in many road names and in the local telephone code, 467, which in its earlier format corresponded to the letters IMP (for imperial).
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Chiswick
Coordinates: 51°29′33″N 0°15′48″W / 51.4925°N 0.2633°W / 51.4925; -0.2633
Chiswicki/ˈtʃɪzɨk/ is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy. Having good communications with London from an early time the area became a popular country retreat, and as part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the population of Chiswick significantly expanded. With neighbouring Brentford, it became a municipal borough in 1932 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The name "Chiswick" is of Old English origin meaning "Cheese Farm" and originates from the riverside meadows and farms that are thought to have supported an annual cheese fair on Dukes Meadows up until the 18th century. Chiswick was first recorded c.1000 as Ceswican.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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Clapham
Coordinates: 51°27′48″N 0°08′02″W / 51.46323°N 0.13394°W / 51.46323; -0.13394
Clapham is a district in south west London, England, within the London Borough of Lambeth.
Clapham covers the postcodes of SW4 and parts of SW8, SW9 and SW12. Clapham Common is shared with the London Borough of Wandsworth, although Lambeth has responsibility for running the common as a whole. According to the 2001 census Clapham (and Stockwell) had a joint population of 65,513 inhabitants. Clapham is made up of two wards Clapham Common and Clapham Town and Thornton ward which forms the southern part of Balham. Parts of Clapham also lie within the Brixton ward of Ferndale and the Stockwell ward of Larkhall.
Clapham is well known for its extensive green space Clapham Common, which features three ponds and is overlooked by Victorian mansions, and the village-like atmosphere of its historic Old Town. Clapham is famous[citation needed] as the home of Holy Trinity Clapham the Georgian Church on Clapham Common, from where The Clapham Sect led by William Wilberforce and a group of upper class evangelical Christians campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade in the 19th century. Abbeville or the Village is an affluent district within Clapham lying between Clapham Common South Side and Clarence Avenue and is synonymous with the Clapham Common Ward. The area is centred around small parades of upmarket independent shops and renowned restaurants within a longer otherwise residential road and has a village-like feel.
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Clerkenwell
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°06′13″W / 51.52604°N 0.103475°W / 51.52604; -0.103475
Clerkenwell ( /ˈklɑrkənwɛl/) is an area of central London in the London Borough of Islington. From 1900 to 1965 it was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury. The well after which it was named was rediscovered in 1924. The watchmaking and watch repairing trades were once of great importance. Clerkenwell was once known as London's "Little Italy" because of the large number of Italians living in the area from the 1850s until the 1960s.
Clerkenwell took its name from the Clerks' Well in Farringdon Lane (clerken was the Middle English genitive plural of clerk, a variant of clerc, meaning literate person or clergyman). In the Middle Ages, the London Parish clerks performed annual mystery plays there, based on biblical themes. Part of the well remains visible, incorporated into a 1980s building called Well Court. It is visible through a window of that building on Farringdon Lane. Access to the well is managed by Islington Local History Centre and visits can be arranged by appointment.
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Coldharbour Lane
Coldharbour Lane is a road in South London that leads south-westwards from Camberwell to Brixton. In total the road is over 1 mile long with a mixture of residential, business and retail buildings - the stretch of Coldharbour Lane near Brixton Market contains shops, bars and restaurants. The junction of Coldharbour Lane and Denmark Hill in Camberwell SE5 marks part of the boundary between Lambeth and Southwark boroughs. The other end of Coldharbour Lane meets Acre Lane in central Brixton to form the A2217.
The Loughborough Junction area, surrounding the railway station, marks the approximate centre point of Coldharbour Lane and the change in postcode from SE5 to SW9.
Coldharbour Lane was formerly known as Camberwell Lane.
Former British Prime Minister John Major lived in a flat in Coldharbour Lane when a child in the mid 1950s.
In 1981 the Brixton riots occurred in roads near Coldharbour Lane and some windows were broken on the street itself.. With the support of community leaders and shop owners, there are plans to set up a mini-police station on Coldharbour Lane in the former premises of a drug dealer.
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Coulsdon
Coordinates: 51°19′16″N 0°08′19″W / 51.3211°N 0.1386°W / 51.3211; -0.1386
Coulsdon (/ˈkuːlzdən/, traditionally pronounced 'Colesdon') is a town on the southernmost boundary of the London Borough of Croydon. It is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt of the Farthing Down, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common. The modern area designated Coulsdon comprises Old Coulsdon, which was the older and first settlement, and Smitham Bottom, which grew substantially with the coming of the railways.
Coulsdon is a small suburban district in South London, England. It has a strong and vibrant local history, which includes Saxon burial mounds and an Iron Age Field System on Farthing Downs, an ancient church recorded in the Domesday book, Marlpit, a former industrial chalk quarry, and the former Cane Hill Mental Hospital (a site currently under development). Appearing in the Domesday Book as Colesdone it boasted one church and rendered £7 to Chertsey Abbey. Its only other Domesday assets were 3½ hide, 7 ploughs, and woodland worth 3 hogs.
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Cricklewood
Coordinates: 51°33′17″N 0°13′03″W / 51.5548°N 0.2176°W / 51.5548; -0.2176
Cricklewood is a district of North London, England whose northeastern part is in the London Borough of Barnet, western part is the London Borough of Brent and southeastern part is in London Borough of Camden.
There was a small settlement at the junction of Cricklewood Lane and the Edgware Road by 1294, which by 1321 was being called Cricklewood. By the 1750s the Crown (rebuilt in 1889), was providing for coach travellers and by the 1800s it had a handful of cottages and Cricklewood House as neighbours, and was known for its “pleasure gardens”. By the 1860s there were a number of substantial villas along the Edgware Road starting with Rockhall Lodge and culminating in Rockhall Terrace.
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Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099
Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.
Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.
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Dagenham
Coordinates: 51°32′23″N 0°08′32″E / 51.5397°N 0.1422°E / 51.5397; 0.1422
Dagenham is a large suburb in East London, forming the eastern part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and located 12 miles (19.3 km) east of Charing Cross. It was historically an agrarian village in the county of Essex and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921 when the London County Council began construction of the large Becontree estate. The population of the area significantly increased during the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926 and a municipal borough in 1938. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a predominantly residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity, including the Ford Dagenham plant. The population is set to rise as the southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, forms part of the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.
Dagenham first appeared in a document (as Dæccanhaam) in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 686 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a small farmstead, the "ham" or farm of a man called Daecca, as Dæccan hamm in Old English means home of a man called Dæcca.
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Deptford
Coordinates: 51°28′41″N 0°01′35″W / 51.4780°N 0.0265°W / 51.4780; -0.0265
Deptford ( /ˈdɛtfəd/) is a district of south London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne, and from the mid 16th to the late 19th century was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Navy Dockyards.
Deptford and the docks are associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, and the mysterious murder of Christopher Marlowe in a house along Deptford Strand.
Though Deptford began as two small communities, one at the ford, the other a fishing village on The Thames, Deptford's history and population has been mainly associated with the docks established by Henry VIII.
The two communities grew together and flourished while the docks were the main administrative centre of the Royal Navy, and a few grand houses like Sayes Court, home to diarist John Evelyn, and Stone House on Lewisham Way were erected. The area declined as first the Royal Navy moved out and then the commercial docks declined until the last dock, Convoys Wharf, closed in 2000.
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Ealing
Coordinates: 51°30′40″N 0°18′21″W / 51.5111°N 0.3058°W / 51.5111; -0.3058
Ealing is a suburban area of west London, England and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing. It is located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) west of Charing Cross and around 12 miles (19.3 km) from the City of London. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night time economy.
The Saxon name for Ealing was recorded c.700 as 'Gillingas', meaning 'place of the people associated with Gilla', from the personal name Gilla and the Old English suffix '-ingas', meaning 'people of'. Over the centuries, the name has changed, and has been known as 'Illing', 1130; 'Gilling', 1243; and 'Ylling', 1254, until 'Ealing' became the standard spelling in the 19th century.
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East Ham
Coordinates: 51°31′56″N 0°03′19″E / 51.5323°N 0.0554°E / 51.5323; 0.0554
East Ham is a suburban district of London, England, and part of the London Borough of Newham. It is a built-up district located 8 miles (12.8 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
In 1859 East Ham railway station opened and, although in 1863 the area was still being described as a "scattered village" the availability of transport resulted in increasing urbanisation, especially from 1890 onwards. The electric services of the District Railway first served East Ham in 1908.
From 1894 East Ham formed the East Ham Urban District of Essex and was incorporated as a borough on 10 August 1903. As a result of popular pressure East Ham sought and obtained county borough status; becoming, in modern terms, a unitary authority on 1 April 1915 and remaining such until 1965 when it was abolished and its former area was merged with that of the County Borough of West Ham to form the London Borough of Newham.
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Edmonton, London
Coordinates: 51°36′55″N 0°04′15″W / 51.6154°N 0.0708°W / 51.6154; -0.0708
Edmonton is an area in the east of the London Borough of Enfield, England, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) north-north-east of Charing Cross. It has a long history as a settlement distinct from Enfield.
Edmonton is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) north-north-east of Charing Cross and stretches from just south of the North Circular Road where it borders Tottenham to its boundary with Ponders End to the north. Bush Hill Park, Winchmore Hill and Palmers Green adjoin the western boundary while the River Lee Diversion forms Edmonton's eastern boundary with Chingford. The northern part of Edmonton, N9 postal area are known as Lower Edmonton and the southern part as Upper Edmonton, N18 postal area.
The Edmonton constituency had a population of 96,493 in the 2001 census.
The white groups made up 66.1% of the population and thirteen other ethnic groups the remainder.
Edmonton has a young, ethnically diverse population. It has significantly higher proportions of Muslims than the borough average. It is clearly the most deprived part of Enfield and has the highest crime rate. Satisfaction with the area is as high as for Enfield as a whole with environmental concerns ranking highest.
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Electric Avenue
Electric Avenue is a street in Brixton, London. Built in the 1880s, it was the first market street to be lit by electricity. Today, the street contains several butchers and fish mongers and hosts a part of Brixton Market, which specializes in selling a mix of African, Caribbean, and Portuguese products. It is located just round the corner from Brixton tube station (1972). The elegant Victorian canopies over the pavements survived until the 1980s.
The road gave its name to Eddy Grant's 1982 single "Electric Avenue", which reached #2 on both the UK and U.S. singles charts.
On 17 April 1999 the neo-nazi bomber David Copeland planted a nail bomb outside a supermarket in Electric Avenue (junction with Brixton Road) with the intention of igniting a race war across Britain. The bomb went off, injuring 39 people. Copeland planted two more bombs before he was caught: on 24 April in Brick Lane in the East End of London, which has a large South Asian community; and on 30 April in the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho's Old Compton Street, the heart of London's gay community. The bomb killed three. He was later caught and sentenced to serve six life terms.
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Eltham
Coordinates: 51°27′05″N 0°03′06″E / 51.451476°N 0.051773°E / 51.451476; 0.051773
Eltham ( /ˈɛltəm/) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is situated 8.6 miles (13.8 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Eltham was originally developed along part of the road from London to Maidstone (Pilgrims' Way) and lies 3 miles (4.8 km) almost due south of Woolwich. Mottingham, to the south, was originally part of the parish, explaining why Eltham College is not actually in Eltham any more.
Eltham was a civil parish of Kent until 1889 when it became part of the County of London and from 1900 formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich. The metropolitan borough was abolished in 1965 and Eltham then became part of the then London Borough of Greenwich.
Eltham today is one of the largest suburban developments in the borough with a population of almost 88,000 people.
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Enfield Town
Coordinates: 51°39′06″N 0°05′01″W / 51.6516°N 0.0837°W / 51.6516; -0.0837
Enfield Town (often referred to as just 'Enfield') is the historic town centre of Enfield, formerly in the county of Middlesex and now in the London Borough of Enfield. It is 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Historically, Enfield was a collection of small communities spread around the royal hunting grounds of Enfield Chase. At the time of the Domesday Book the area was spelt 'Enefelde', and had a priest who almost certainly resided in St. Andrews Church. By 1572 most of the basic street layout had been completed. The village green later became the historic marketplace between the church and where the fountain now stands. A market is still operated in this area, which is owned by the parish charity. Its name most likely came from Anglo-Saxon Ēanafeld or similar, meaning "open land belonging to a man called Ēana" or "open land for lambs".
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Erith
Coordinates: 51°28′35″N 0°10′05″E / 51.4763°N 0.1681°E / 51.4763; 0.1681
Erithi/ˈɪərɨθ/ is a district of southeast London on the River Thames. Erith's town centre has undergone a series of modernisations since 1961. Erith is geographically an outer lying area of London, although it is can be seen as having many of the characteristics of the Inner city, namely most residences consisting largely of flats and council blocks, with fewer houses, and shops and other commercial properties interspersed between.
Work at the former British Gypsum site in Church Manorway by the Museum of London Archaeological Service showed that the area had a dense forest of oak, yew and alder during the Neolithic Period, which by the Bronze Age had given way in part to sedge fen.
Their work at the former site of Erith School in Belmont Road revealed the presence of prehistoric settlement, and of a substantial settlement or farmstead dating from the first century.
Following the collapse of Roman rule at the beginning of the 5th Century, Britain was colonised by invaders from northern Europe called the Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us that they won the Battle of Crayford in 457, slaying many men in the process, and shortly after claimed the whole of Kent. Their different way of life was reflected in their pattern of settlement. The town and country estates of the Roman bureaucrats gave way to a network of villages, occupied by warriors and farmers. Erith was one of these villages, and has a Saxon name, thought to have been derived from a word meaning `muddy harbour' or `gravelly landing place'. There was probably a church on the site of the present St John the Baptist church during Roman times and almost certainly a Saxon building. The early settlement was based around this church, meaning that the centre of Erith was once west of its current location.
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Evelyn Grace Academy
Evelyn Grace Academy is a non-selective, co-educational secondary school within the English Academy programme, in Brixton, London.
The Academy opened in September 2008 in temporary accommodation admitting its first 180 Year 7 pupils. In September 2010 the academy moved to a new purpose built school building as it admitted its third year 7 year group. The building, designed by architect Zaha Hadid, was awarded the 2011 Stirling Prize.
The school is funded by the Department for Education and owned and operated by ARK Schools, a registered charity under English law, and sponsored by parent charity Absolute Return for Kids (ARK), founded by hedge fund financiers Arpad Busson, Paul Marshall and Ian Wace.
Coordinates: 51°27′38″N 0°06′34″W / 51.46069°N 0.10953°W / 51.46069; -0.10953
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Feltham
Coordinates: 51°26′59″N 0°24′32″W / 51.4496°N 0.4089°W / 51.4496; -0.4089
Feltham ( /ˈfɛltəm/) is a town in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west south west of central London at Charing Cross and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Heathrow Airport Central. It is the location of Feltham Young Offenders' Institution, situated near the town's border with Ashford and the neighbouring village of East Bedfont.
Feltham formed an ancient parish in the Spelthorne hundred of Middlesex. In 1831 it occupied an area of 2,620 acres (11 km2) and had a population of 924. From 1894 to 1904 the Felham parish was included in the Staines Rural District. In 1901 the parish had a population of 4,534 and in 1904 it was split from the rural district to form the Feltham Urban District. In 1932 the parishes of Hanworth and East Bedfont were also transferred from the Staines district to Feltham Urban District. The Urban District of Feltham council was disbanded in 1965, along with the Middlesex County Council. It should be noted, however, that though for administrative purposes the area now falls within the area administered by the Greater London Authority, together with the London Assembly and the Mayor of London, the geographic county of Middlesex was never abolished and many Feltham residents continue to identify their home county as "Middlesex".[citation needed]The London Government Act, which enacted the changes to Middlesex (as well as parts of Hertfordshire and Essex) formed Greater London in 1965, consisting of 32 London boroughs. Feltham, together with Bedfont and Hanworth, form the "West Area" of the London Borough of Hounslow.
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Finchley
Coordinates: 51°35′56″N 0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W / 51.599; -0.187
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century. Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London. In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common. The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.
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Forest Gate
Coordinates: 51°33′03″N 0°01′39″E / 51.550832°N 0.02739°E / 51.550832; 0.02739
Forest Gate is a residential area in the London Borough of Newham, 7 miles northeast of Charing Cross. It is bordered by Manor Park to the east and to the west lies Stratford town centre. Forest Gate is 1.5 miles east of Westfield Stratford City and the 2012 Olympic Park. The northern half of the busy Green Street runs through it and from 2018 it will have a Crossrail station.
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Forest Hill, London
Coordinates: 51°26′45″N 0°03′11″W / 51.4457°N 0.053°W / 51.4457; -0.053
Forest Hill is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It situated between Dulwich and Sydenham. The area has enjoyed extensive investment since plans to extend the East London Line to Forest Hill were unveiled in 2004.
Like many London suburbs, Forest Hill was only sparsely populated until the mid-19th century. The name Forest Hill came from 'the forest with a big hill', which was coined by a developer in the 1790s, and referred to the remaining area of Forest on Sydenham Hill which was originally part of the Great North Wood.
A canal, the Croydon Canal, was constructed through the area in 1809 but the large number of locks (28) meant it was not a commercial success, and it was bought by the London & Croydon Railway Company who constructed their railway along the same route, opening it in 1839. The retaining wall of the footpath opposite the station outside the pub is about the only physical evidence of the canal which still exists.
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Fulham
Coordinates: 51°28′36″N 0°12′50″W / 51.4767°N 0.2138°W / 51.4767; -0.2138
Fulham ( /ˈfʊləm/) is an area of southwest London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, SW6 (the successor to the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham) located 3.7 miles (6.0 km) south west of Charing Cross. It lies on the north bank of the Thames, between Putney and Chelsea. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Fulham was formerly the seat of the diocese of "Fulham and Gibraltar", and Fulham Palace served as the former official home of the Bishop of London, (now a museum), the grounds of which are now divided between public allotments and an elegant botanical garden.
Having been through many transformations in its history, today it is a green London area within very close reach of many famously extravagant places such as Chelsea and Kensington and this is reflected in the high local house prices. It was included within Savills' 2007 list of "prime" London areas. Two Premier League football clubs, Fulham and Chelsea, are situated in Fulham. The former Lillie Bridge Grounds (which hosted the second FA Cup Final and the first ever amateur boxing matches) was also in Fulham.
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Gipsy Hill
Coordinates: 51°25′22″N 0°05′05″W / 51.4229°N 0.0848°W / 51.4229; -0.0848
Gipsy Hill is an area of South London near Upper Norwood, it is considered to be part of Crystal Palace. This area of Gipsy Hill also includes the Central Hill estate. Gipsy Hill is also the name of an electoral ward on Lambeth Borough Council.
Gipsy Hill is the name of the main road that runs up and down the north side of the hill in postcode district SE19 and takes its name after a community of Gypsies (there is also nearby Rommany Road) or an Indian who formerly lived on the hill in Crystal Palace. It links Gipsy Road (formerly Gipsy House Road) and Alleyn Park with Westow Hill, Westow Street and Central Hill in Upper Norwood. It is in the south-east corner of London Borough of Lambeth with its Southern end up by Westow Street in London Borough of Croydon and its northern end down by Long Meadow (aka Bell Meadow) where the borough is Southwark.
Gipsy Hill Police Station is located on a road named Central Hill about 50 m from the top of the one named Gipsy Hill. It is London's highest Metropolitan Police station.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greenwich
Coordinates: 51°28′45″N 0°00′00″E / 51.4791°N 0.0000°E / 51.4791; 0.0000
Greenwich (UKi/ɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-ij; US /ɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-ich or /ɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-ij) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and the Trinity College of Music.
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Hackney Central
Coordinates: 51°32′36″N 0°03′34″W / 51.543307°N 0.059486°W / 51.543307; -0.059486
Hackney Central is the central district of the London Borough of Hackney in London, England. It comprises the area roughly surrounding, and extending north from Mare Street. It is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) north east of Charing Cross. It is also the name of Hackney Central ward, an electoral division for Hackney Council.
Hackney Central is the area that once would have been known as Hackney Village. This was a place that flourished from the Tudor period, when principal members of the Court had their houses in the surrounding area, and King Henry VIII of England had a palace (located near the modern Lee Bridge Road roundabout). Hackney Central remained a popular resort for Londoners until the end of the Georgian era, when this suburb of London began to be completely built up. Railways, trams and factories brought an end to Hackney's rural atmosphere during the Victorian era, and its fortunes declined.
The industries of nearby Homerton and the Lee Valley have largely disappeared, leaving the NHS and local council as the largest employers. Successive waves of immigrants, both from abroad and within the United Kingdom, make modern Hackney a culturally vibrant part of inner London, with both the benefits and challenges that this brings.
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Hammersmith
Coordinates: 51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229
Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, England, in the United Kingdom, approximately five miles (eight kilometres) west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames. One of west London's key transport hubs and commercial and employment centres, and home to several multinational company offices, it is focused on the two London Underground stations, bus station and road network node at Hammersmith Broadway.
It is bordered by Shepherds Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Fulham to the south and Chiswick to the west, and is linked by Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes in the southwest.
It has for some decades been the main centre of London's Polish minority.
See also: List of districts in Hammersmith and Fulham
Acton, Barnes, Chiswick, Fulham, Shepherds Bush, Kensington, West Kensington
House construction and industrial development flourished.[when?] Major industrial sites included the Osram lamp factory at Brook Green, the J. Lyons factory (which at one time employed 30,000 people) and the largest municipal power station in Britain, built near the gasworks in Sands End.
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Hampstead
Coordinates: 51°33′15″N 0°10′28″W / 51.5541°N 0.1744°W / 51.5541; -0.1744
Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd/ or /-stɛd/), commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an affluent area of London, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.
The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
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Harrow, London
Coordinates: 51°35′01″N 0°20′47″W / 51.5836°N 0.3464°W / 51.5836; -0.3464
Harrow is an area in the London Borough of Harrow, northwest London, United Kingdom. It is a suburban area and is situated 11 miles northwest of Charing Cross. Harrow was a municipal borough of Middlesex before its inclusion in Greater London in 1965. Harrow is home to a large University of Westminster campus and is widely known for Harrow School, with Harrow County School also located in the area.
The Harrow & Wealdstone Intensification Area is a London Plan (2011) designation which has been adopted by the London Borough of Harrow covering an area comprising Harrow town centre (Metropolitan centre), Wealdstone district centre, land to the east/north/west of the district centre (including the former Kodak site) and Station Road. The Intensification Area is tasked by Harrow's Core Strategy to deliver 2,800 new homes and at least 3,000 new jobs by 2026. The Council is preparaing an Area Action Plan to help co-ordinate development within the Area and it is expected that the Plan will be in place by the end of 2012.
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Hendon
Coordinates: 51°35′01″N 0°13′31″W / 51.5837°N 0.2252°W / 51.5837; -0.2252
Hendon is a London suburb situated 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Charing Cross.
Hendon was historically a civil parish in the county of Middlesex. The manor is described in Domesday (1087), but the name, 'Hendun' meaning 'at the highest hill', is earlier. There is even evidence of Roman settlement discovered by the Hendon and District Archaeological Society and others; an urn burial of a headless child was found in nearby Sunny Hill Park. The Midland Railway and the Great Northern Railways were built through Hendon in the 1860s. There is evidence of problems of wild horses feeding between the tracks. The underground, at Golders Green arrived in 1907. Much of the area developed into a suburb of London and now the area is mostly built up with some countryside in the Mill Hill area, such as the Copthall Playing fields. Hendon big industry was mostly centred on manufacturing, and included motor and aviation works, and developed from the 1880s. In 1931 the civil parish of Edgware was abolished and its area was added to the great civil parish of Hendon.
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Herne Hill
Coordinates: 51°27′16″N 0°05′37″W / 51.4544°N 0.0936°W / 51.4544; -0.0936
Herne Hill is a district in south London, England, approximately four miles from Charing Cross and bordered by Brixton, Denmark Hill, Dulwich, Loughborough Junction and Tulse Hill. It overlaps the boundary between the boroughs of Lambeth and Southwark. There is a road of the same name in the area (which is part of the A215 and was formerly called Herne Hill Road).
The area now known as Herne Hill was part of the Manor of Milkwell, which existed from at least 1291, and was a mixture of farms and woodland until the late 18th century. In 1783, Samuel Sanders (a timber merchant) bought the land now occupied by Denmark Hill and Herne Hill from the Manor; he then began granting leases for large plots of land to wealthy families.
The first known reference to Herne Hill was published in 1789. There are numerous suggestions for the origin of the name: it may have been previously called Heron's Hill, as the River Effra attracted a large number of herons; George and Benjamin Herne were residents in the 17th century; and there was a nearby field called Le Herne (c.1495), "the angle or corner of land".
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Highams Park
Coordinates: 51°36′21″N 0°00′54″W / 51.6059°N 0.0151°W / 51.6059; -0.0151
Highams Park is a district in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England, adjacent to Epping Forest. The forest at Highams Park contains a boating lake formed by Humphry Repton after damming the River Ching. There are parks and basic shopping facilities such as Budgens, but no major supermarket. Tesco made numerous planning applications to build a store on part of the industrial estate. Initial plans made in 2007 were rejected by then Local Government Secretary Ruth Kelly although a revised planning application was passed in 2009 despite the efforts of some local residents to stop the application going ahead.
Highams Park is a suburban area situated 8.7 miles (14 km) north east of Charing Cross. The Greenwich Meridian Line runs through many of its streets. Traditionally it was part of Walthamstow parish and municipal borough, though most of it is in either the Chingford (E4) or Woodford Green (IG8) postal districts. It is primarily a residential area, with housing consisting of mainly Victorian and 1930s style terraced houses.
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Highbury
Coordinates: 51°33′07″N 0°05′49″W / 51.552°N 0.097°W / 51.552; -0.097
Highbury is a district in the London Borough of Islington.
The area now known as Islington was part of the larger manor of Tolentone, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Tolentone was owned by Ranulf brother of Ilger and included all the areas north and east of Canonbury and Holloway Road. The manor house was situated by what is now the east side of Hornsey Road near the junction with Seven Sisters Road. After the manor decayed, a new manor house was built in 1271 (see below) to the south-east; to differentiate it from the original manor and because it was on a hill, it was called Highbury, from which the area takes its name.
The site for Highbury Manor was possibly used by a Roman garrison as a summer camp. During the construction of a new Highbury House in 1781, tiles were found that could have been Roman or Norman; unfortunately these have been lost.
Ownership of Highbury eventually passed to Alicia de Barrow, who in 1271 gave it to the Priory of St John of Jerusalem, also known as the Knights Hospitallers in England. The wealthy Lord Prior built Highbury manor as a substantial stone country lodging with a grange and barn.
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Highgate
Coordinates: 51°34′18″N 0°08′41″W / 51.5716°N 0.1448°W / 51.5716; -0.1448
Highgate ( /ˈhaɪɡeɪt/ or /ˈhaɪɡɨt/) is an area of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath.
Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has an active conservation body, the Highgate Society, to protect its character.
Until late Victorian times it was a distinct village outside London, sitting astride the main road to the north. The area retains many green expanses including the eastern part of Hampstead Heath, three ancient woods,Waterlow Park and the eastern-facing slopes known as Highgate bowl.
At its centre is Highgate village, a collection of largely Georgian shops, pubs, restaurants and residential streets, interspersed with diverse landmarks such as St Michael's Church and steeple, Highgate School (1565), Jacksons Lane arts centre housed in a Grade II listed former church, the Gatehouse inn dating from 1670 and Berthold Lubetkin's 1930s Highpoint buildings. Highgate is also famous for its atmospheric Victorian cemetery in which the communist philosopher Karl Marx is buried.
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Hillingdon
Coordinates: 51°31′58″N 0°27′18″W / 51.5329°N 0.4550°W / 51.5329; -0.4550
Hillingdon is a suburban area within the London Borough of Hillingdon, situated 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross.
Much of Hillingdon is represented as the Hillingdon East ward within the local authority, Hillingdon Council. In November 2010, the ward had a recorded population of 12,403.
The name Hillingdon appears in the Domesday Book (1086) as Hillendone, possibly meaning "hill of a man named Hille".
Hillingdon was an ancient parish, and had within it the chapelry of Uxbridge, which became a separate civil parish in 1866. Under the Local Government Act 1894, Hillingdon parish was divided in two. Hillingdon West became, with Uxbridge, part of the Uxbridge Urban District; Hillingdon East became part of the Uxbridge Rural District.
Uxbridge Rural District was abolished in 1928, with the East parish being added to Uxbridge Urban District. Both East and West parishes were abolished in 1938 and added to Uxbridge parish. The name was revived in 1965, consequent upon the London Government Act 1963, as the name of the western-most borough of Greater London.
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Holborn
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182
Holborn ( /ˈhoʊbərn/ HOH-bərn) is an area of central London and also the name of the area's principal street, known as High Holborn between St. Giles's High Street and Gray's Inn Road (the junction being roughly where Holborn Bar — the entrance to the City of London — once was) and then Holborn Viaduct between Holborn Circus and Newgate Street. The street since boundary changes in 1994 runs along the boundary between the London Borough of Camden and the City of London; previously the boundary was less obvious in the area and crossed the street at Holborn Bar.
The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.
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Holloway, London
Coordinates: 51°33′25″N 0°07′02″W / 51.5570°N 0.1173°W / 51.5570; -0.1173
Holloway is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Islington located 3.8 miles (6.1 km) north of Charing Cross and follows for the most part, the line of the Holloway Road (A1 road). At the centre of Holloway is the Nag's Head area. It is home to a very multicultural population and is one of the most densely populated areas of London.
The origins of the name are disputed; some believe that it derives from Hollow, or Hollow way, due to a dip in the road caused by the passage of animals and water erosion, as this was the main cattle driving route from the North into Smithfield. In Lower Holloway, the former Back Road, now Liverpool Road was used to rest and graze the cattle before entering London. Others believe the name derives from Hallow and refers to the road's historic significance as part of the pilgrimage route to Walsingham. No documentary evidence can be found to support either derivation; and by 1307, the name Holwey was applied to the district around the road. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the former villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from the Domesday Book. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th Century, but are still preserved in the local place names Tollington Park and Stroud Green.
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Hook, London
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 0°17′59″W / 51.3635°N 0.2998°W / 51.3635; -0.2998
Hook is a place in south west London, England. It forms part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and is located 13.5 miles (21.7 km) south west of Charing Cross.
Hook was a civil parish which formed part of the Surbiton Urban District of Surrey from 1895. The urban district became a municipal borough in 1936 and in 1965 its former area was transferred to Greater London. The former area of the Hook parish, together with that of the Chessington parish, form a protrusion of Greater London with the Surrey districts of Elmbridge to the west, Mole Valley to the south and Epsom and Ewell to the east.
An RAF barrage balloon depot opened in Hook circa 1938 and was later known as RAF Chessington, latterly used as a hospital until demolished and redeveloped for housing in the 1990s.
Hook forms part of the Chessington post town.
Only three listed homes exist in the entire post town of Chessington, two on Hook Road, just north of Chessington itself on the east side. There the main road has number 325, a 19th-century CE two-storey home featuring central doorway with moulded architrave and bracketed hood with fluted Ionic columns and number 435, inscribed 1669 with later alterations, with 2 part baffle- (or lobby-) entry, spanning 2 storeys whose front has been refaced with brick and which is probably timber-framed behind; its sides and back are weather-boarded and it has a steeply pitched, pantiled roof with central chimney. Many former 18th- and 19th-century houses on this old Kingston-upon-Thames to Dorking and Horsham route have been redeveloped or were destroyed during World War II, including The Blitz, as shown in the street numbering.
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Hornchurch
Coordinates: 51°33′23″N 0°12′46″E / 51.556503°N 0.212812°E / 51.556503; 0.212812
Hornchurch is a large suburban town in England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Hornchurch is located 15.2 miles (24.5 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. It comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It historically formed a large ancient parish in the county of Essex that became the liberty of Havering. The economic history of Hornchurch is underpinned by a shift away from agriculture to other industries and the growing significance of nearby Romford as a market town and centre of administration. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Hornchurch significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming an urban district in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is the location of Queen's Theatre and Havering Sixth Form College.
Hornchurch is an Anglicised version of the Latin Monasterium Cornutum, a term that was also applied to the mother Abbey in Savoy. The earliest recorded use here was in 1222, meaning "church with horn-like gables" and it was recorded as "Hornechurch" in 1233. The horned bull's head mounted on the eastern end of St Andrew's Church, near the town centre dates from much later, around the 18th Century.
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Hounslow
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°21′03″W / 51.4668°N 0.3507°W / 51.4668; -0.3507
Hounslow is the principal town in the London Borough of Hounslow. It is a suburban development situated 10.6 miles (17 km) west south-west of Charing Cross. It forms a post town in the TW postcode area.
The origin of the name Hounslow is uncertain. It may derive from the Anglo-Saxon Honeslaw (meaning an area of land suitable for hunting), or from a name or description for a mound or hill associated with the pagan Hundi, of Anglo-Saxon times.
Positioned on the Great Western Road, Hounslow was centred around Holy Trinity Priory founded in 1211. The priory developed what had been a small village into a town with regular markets and other facilities for travellers heading to and from London. Although the priory was dissolved in 1539 the town remained an important staging post on the Great Western Road. The adjacent Hounslow Heath that had been used as a military encampment by both Oliver Cromwell and James II developed a reputation as the haunt of highwaymen and footpad.
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Ilford
Coordinates: 51°33′32″N 0°05′08″E / 51.558807°N 0.085459°E / 51.558807; 0.085459
Ilford is a large cosmopolitan town in East London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It forms a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development. Ilford was historically a small rural settlement in the county of Essex and its strategic position on the River Roding and the London to Colchester road caused it to develop as a coaching town. The arrival of the railway in 1839 eventually accelerated that growth and as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Ilford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The town has since made attempts to raise its profile, and due to its proximity to the Olympic Park in nearby Stratford, Ilford was announced as the fastest-growing tourist destination in Europe in 2011.
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Isle of Dogs
Coordinates: 51°29′19″N 0°01′07″W / 51.488661°N 0.018589°W / 51.488661; -0.018589
The Isle of Dogs is a former island in the East End of London that is bounded on three sides (east, south and west) by one of the largest meanders in the River Thames. It is almost bounded to the north by the South Dock (part of the old West India Docks.) This dock is separated from an inlet of the River Thames by some forty metres of infilled land. Except for this one small separation, access to the Isle of Dogs always necessitates crossing water by bridge or tunnel.
The name Isle of Dogs is first recorded in 1588 (see hereafter), but had been in use for some years before this. Brewer's 1898 Dictionary of Phrase and Fable attributes the name: "So called from being the receptacle of the greyhounds of Edward III. Some say it is a corruption of the Isle of Ducks, and that it is so called in ancient records from the number of wild fowl inhabiting the marshes." Other sources discount this, believing these stories to all derive from the antiquarian John Strype, and believe it might come from one of the following:
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Isleworth
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°20′11″W / 51.4666°N 0.3363°W / 51.4666; -0.3363
Isleworth (pronunciation: /ˈaɪzəlwɜrθ/) is a small town of Saxon origin sited within the London Borough of Hounslow in west London, England. It lies immediately east of the town of Hounslow and west of the River Thames and its tributary the River Crane. Isleworth's original area of settlement, alongside the Thames, is known as 'Old Isleworth'. The north-west corner of the town, bordering on Osterley to the north and Lampton to the west, is known as 'Spring Grove'.
Isleworth's former Thames frontage of approximately one mile, excluding that of the Syon estate, was reduced to little over half a mile in 1994 when a borough boundary realignment was effected in order to unite the district of St Margarets wholly within London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. As a result, Isleworth's boundary with the Thames is now almost entirely overshadowed by the 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) islet of Isleworth Ait. The River Crane flows into the Thames south of the Ait, and its distributary the Duke of Northumberland's River west of the Ait.
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Islington
Coordinates: 51°32′38″N 0°06′10″W / 51.5440°N 0.1027°W / 51.5440; -0.1027
Islington ( /ˈɪzlɪŋtən/) is a neighbourhood in Greater London, England and forms the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It is a desirable residential district of Inner London, spanning from Islington High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy Upper Street. The name is often applied to the areas of the borough close to Upper Street such as St Mary's, St Peter's, Barnsbury, and Canonbury, developed in the Georgian era.
Islington grew as a sprawling Middlesex village along the line of the Great North Road, and has provided the name of the modern borough. This gave rise to some confusion, as neighbouring districts may also be said to be in Islington. This district is bounded by Liverpool Road to the west and City Road to the south-east. Its northernmost point is in the area of Canonbury. The main north-south high street, Upper Street splits at Highbury Corner to Holloway Road to the west and St. Paul's Road to the east.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (
i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Kennington
Coordinates: 51°28′53″N 0°07′11″W / 51.4813°N 0.1197°W / 51.4813; -0.1197
Kennington is a district situated in South London, England. It is within Inner London and is mainly within the London Borough of Lambeth, although part of the area is within the London Borough of Southwark.
It is the location of the Imperial War Museum, a national museum, and The Oval, an international cricket ground.
Kennington is situated 1.4 miles (2.3 km) south-east of Charing Cross. It is primarily a residential area, and it is a Royal manor of historical significance. Within the London post town, the district postcode for Kennington is SE11. The district is within the 020 London dialling code. Most subscriber numbers begin 77xx.
Three London Borough of Lambeth wards include Kennington: Oval, Prince's and Vassall. One London Borough of Southwark ward includes Kennington: Cathedrals (ward). The Member of Parliament for Kennington (within the Vauxhall borough constituency) is Kate Hoey (Labour Party). The population of Kennington, recorded by the 2011 Census (taking into account Oval and Prince's wards), was 21,287.
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Kennington Park
Coordinates: 51°29′3″N 0°6′32″W / 51.48417°N 0.10889°W / 51.48417; -0.10889 Kennington Park is in Kennington in London, England, and lies between Kennington Park Road and St Agnes Place. It was opened in 1854. Previously the site had been Kennington Common. This is where the Chartists gathered for their biggest 'monster rally' on 10 April 1848. Soon after this demonstration the common was enclosed and, sponsored by the royals, made into a public park.
Kennington Common was a site of public executions until 1800 as well as being an area for public speaking. Some of the most illustrious orators to speak here were Methodist founders George Whitefield and John Wesley who is reputed to have attracted a crowd of 30,000.
The common was one of the earliest London cricket venues and is known to have been used for major cricket matches in 1724. Kennington Park hosts the first inner London community cricket ground, sponsored by Surrey County Cricket Club whose home, The Oval, is close to the park.
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Kensal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′51″N 0°13′29″W / 51.5308°N 0.2248°W / 51.5308; -0.2248
Kensal Green, also referred to as Kensal Rise is an area of London, England. It is located on the southern edge of the London Borough of Brent and borders the City of Westminster to the East and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea to the South.
Kensal Green is a residential area with good transport links to central London, surrounding districts include Willesden Green to the north, Harlesden to the west, Brondesbury and Queens Park to the east and Ladbroke Grove to the south. The names Kensal Green and Kensal Rise are used somewhat interchangeably by non-residents to denote the same district, although residents differentiate between the areas based on proximity to the local tube and railway stations.
Roughly speaking, the area west of Chamberlayne Road, north of Harrow Road and south of Kensal Rise railway station is considered Kensal Green while that to the east of Chamberlayne Road and north of the station is considered Kensal Rise. These boundaries are by no means fixed however and some residents are known to use both terms with little regard for geographical accuracy. For a 1920s map of what at that time was considered to be Kensal Green, see Brent Council local history.
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Kensington
Coordinates: 51°30′01″N 0°11′27″W / 51.5004°N 0.1909°W / 51.5004; -0.1909
Kensington is a district of west and central London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. An affluent and densely-populated area, its commercial heart is Kensington High Street, and it contains the well-known museum district of South Kensington.
To the north, Kensington is bordered by Notting Hill; to the east, by Brompton and Knightsbridge; to the south, by Chelsea and Earl's Court; and to the west, by Hammersmith and Shepherd's Bush.
The area is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was written in Latin as "Chenesitone", which has been interpreted to have originally been "Kenesignetun" (Kenesigne's land or meadows) in Anglo-Saxon.
The manor of Kensington, Middlesex, was granted by William I of England to Geoffrey de Montbray or Mowbray, bishop of Coutances, one of his inner circle of advisors and one of the wealthiest men in post-Conquest England. He in turn granted the tenancy of Kensington to his vassal Aubrey de Vere I, who was holding the manor in 1086, according to Domesday Book. The bishop's heir, Robert de Mowbray, rebelled against William Rufus and his vast barony was declared forfeit. Aubrey de Vere I had his tenure converted to a tenancy in-chief, holding Kensington after 1095 directly of the crown. He granted land and church there to Abingdon Abbey at the deathbed request of his young eldest son, Geoffrey. As the Veres became the earls of Oxford, their estate at Kensington came to be known as Earls Court, while the Abingdon lands were called Abbots Kensington and the church St Mary Abbots.
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Kentish Town
Coordinates: 51°32′41″N 0°08′45″W / 51.5447°N 0.1459°W / 51.5447; -0.1459
Kentish Town is an area of north west London, England in the London Borough of Camden.
The most widely accepted explanation of the name of Kentish Town[by whom?] is that it derived from 'Ken-ditch' meaning the 'bed of a waterway'. Kentish Town was originally a settlement along the River Fleet which flowed through the area, and today runs underground.
Kentish Town is first recorded during the reign of King John (1207) as kentisston. By 1456 Kentish Town was recognised as a thriving hamlet, and in this period a chapel of ease is recorded as being built for the inhabitants.
The early 19th century brought modernisation, causing much of the area's rural charm, the River Fleet and the 18th century buildings to vanish, although pockets still remain, for example Little Green Street. Between the availability of public transport to it from London, and its urbanisation, it was a popular resort.
Large amounts of land were purchased to build the railway, which can still be seen today. Kentish Town was a prime site for development as the Kentish Town Road was a major route from London northwards. Probably its most famous resident was Karl Marx who lived at 9 Grafton Terrace from 1856.
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Kilburn, London
Coordinates: 51°32′12″N 0°12′14″W / 51.5366°N 0.2039°W / 51.5366; -0.2039
Kilburn is an area of north-west London, England, which is divided between three London Boroughs: most of Kilburn is in Brent or Camden, but a small part is in Westminster. The main thoroughfare running northwest-southeast is Kilburn High Road, part of the modern A5 road which forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden. The road dates back to pre-Roman times and is part of the Roman road known as Watling Street. The town of Kilburn has its origins in a 12th century priory on the banks of the Kilburn Brook. Kilburn today is a busy and multicultural London district. It has the highest Irish population of any London area, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean population. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Kilburn High Road originated as an ancient trackway, part of a Celtic route between the settlements now known as Canterbury and St Albans. Under Roman rule, the route was paved. In Anglo-Saxon times the road became known as Watling Street.
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Kingston upon Thames
Coordinates: 51°24′37″N 0°17′58″W / 51.4103°N 0.2995°W / 51.4103; -0.2995
Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. It was the ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned and is now a suburb situated 10 miles (16.1 km) south west of Charing Cross. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.
In 838, it was styled Kyningestun famosa illa locus. In Old English, tun, ton or don meant farmstead – so the name Kingston may have meant farmstead of the kings. Seven Saxon kings are traditionally said to have been crowned at Kingston, while seated on a large stone – The Coronation Stone – that stands outside the Guildhall. There is a local tradition that these Saxon coronations gave Kingston its name, but the records of the 838 council disprove this. Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e).
For much of the 20th century, Kingston was a major military aircraft manufacturing centre specialising in fighter aircraft – first with Sopwith Aviation, H G Hawker Engineering, later Hawker Aircraft, Hawker Siddeley and eventually British Aerospace. The legendary Sopwith Camel, Hawker Fury, Hurricane, Hunter and Harrier were all designed and built in the town and examples of all of these aircraft can be seen today at the nearby Brooklands Museum in Weybridge. Well known aviation personalities Sydney Camm, Harry Hawker and Tommy Sopwith were responsible for much of Kingston's achievements in aviation. British Aerospace finally closed its Lower Ham Road factory in 1992 part of the site was subsequently redeveloped for housing, the river side part of the site remains as a community centre and sports complex. The growth and development of Kingston Polytechnic and its transformation into Kingston University has made Kingston a university town.
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Lambeth
Coordinates: 51°29′25″N 0°07′09″W / 51.4903°N 0.1193°W / 51.4903; -0.1193
Lambeth is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of Charing Cross.
The name is recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning 'landing place for lambs', and in 1255 as Lambeth. The name refers to a harbour where lambs were either shipped from or to. It is formed from the Old English 'lamb' and 'hythe.South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth. The marshland in the area, known as Lambeth Marshe, was drained in the 18th century but is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name. Sometime after the opening of Waterloo railway station in 1848 the locality around the station and Lower Marsh became known as Waterloo.
The current district of Lambeth was part of the large ancient parish of Lambeth St Mary in the Brixton hundred of Surrey. It was an elongated north-south parish with a two mile River Thames frontage to the west. In the north it lay opposite the cities of London and Westminster and extended southwards to cover the contemporary districts of Brixton, West Dulwich and West Norwood, almost reaching Crystal Palace. Lambeth became part of the Metropolitan Police District in 1829. It continued as a single parish for Poor Law purposes after the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 and a single parish governed by a vestry after the introduction of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855. In 1889 it became part of the county of London and the parish and vestry were reformed in 1900 to become the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth, governed by Lambeth Borough Council. In the reform of local government in 1965 the Streatham and Clapham areas that had formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth were combined with Lambeth to form the London Borough of Lambeth.
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Lambeth Bridge
Coordinates: 51°29′40″N 0°07′23″W / 51.49444°N 0.12306°W / 51.49444; -0.12306
Lambeth Bridge is a road traffic and footbridge crossing the River Thames in an east-west direction in central London, England; the river flows north at the crossing point. Downstream, the next bridge is Westminster Bridge; upstream the next is Vauxhall Bridge.
The most conspicuous colour in the bridge's paint scheme is red, the same colour as the leather benches in the House of Lords which is at the southern end of the Palace of Westminster nearest the bridge. This is in contrast to Westminster Bridge which is predominantly green, the same colour as the benches in the House of Commons at the northern end of the Houses of Parliament.
On the east side, in Lambeth are Lambeth Palace, the Albert Embankment, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the International Maritime Organization. On the west side, in Westminster, are Thames House (the headquarters of MI5), behind which is Horseferry House (the National Probation Service headquarters), and Clelland House and Abell House (the headquarters of HM Prison Service), and the Millbank Tower and Tate Britain. The Palace of Westminster is a short walk downstream to the north through the Victoria Tower Garden.
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Lambeth Palace
Coordinates: 51°29′44″N 0°7′11″W / 51.49556°N 0.11972°W / 51.49556; -0.11972
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury in England. It is located in Lambeth, on the south bank of the River Thames a short distance upstream of the Palace of Westminster on the opposite shore. It was acquired by the archbishopric around 1200. It is bounded by Lambeth Palace Road to the north and west and Lambeth Road to the south.
The south bank of the Thames, not part of historic London, developed slowly because the land was low and sodden: it was called Lambeth Marsh, as far downriver as the present Blackfriars Road. The name "Lambeth" embodies "hithe", a landing on the river: archbishops came and went by water, as did John Wycliff, who was tried here for heresy. In the English peasants' revolt of 1381 the Palace was attacked.
The oldest remaining part of the palace is the Early English chapel. The so-called Lollard’s Tower, which retains evidence of its use as a prison in the 17th century, dates from 1440. There is a fine Tudor brick gatehouse built by Cardinal John Morton in 1495. Cardinal Pole lay in state in the palace for 40 days after he died there in 1558. The fig tree in the palace courtyard is possibly grown from a slip taken from one of the White Marseille figs reputedly planted by Cardinal Pole. In 1786 there were three ancient figs, two "nailed against the wall" and still noted in 1826 as "two uncommonly fine... traditionally reported to have been planted by Cardinal Pole, and fixed against that part of the palace believed to have been founded by him. They are of the white Marseilles sort, and still bear delicious fruit. ...On the south side of the building, in a small private garden, is another tree of the same kind and age." By 1882 their place had been taken by several massive offshoots.
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Lewisham
Coordinates: 51°27′41″N 0°00′19″W / 51.461456°N 0.00537°W / 51.461456; -0.00537
Lewisham /lˈʊɪʃəm/ is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.2 miles (10.0 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
It is most likely to have been founded by a pagan Jute, Leof, who settled (by burning his boat) near St Mary's Church (Ladywell) where the ground was drier, in the 6th century. As to the etymology of the name, Daniel Lysons (1796) wrote:
"In the most ancient Saxon records this place is called Levesham, that is, the house among the meadows; leswe, læs, læse, or læsew, in the Saxon, signifies a meadow, and ham, a dwelling. It is now written, as well in parochial and other records as in common usage, Lewisham." "Leofshema" was an important settlement at the confluence of the rivers Quaggy (from Farnborough) and Ravensbourne (Caesar's Well, Keston), so the village expanded north into the wetter area as drainage techniques improved. In the mid-seventeenth century, then-vicar of Lewisham, Abraham Colfe, built a grammar school, primary school and six almshouses for the inhabitants. On 5 September 1711 William Legge, the Earl of Dartmouth became the (hereditary) Viscount Lewisham The village of Lewisham was originally centred further south around the parish church of St Mary, towards the present site of University Hospital Lewisham. The centre migrated north with the coming of the North Kent railway line to Dartford in 1849, encouraging commuter housing. Lewisham was administratively part of Kent until 1889, and formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham in the County of London until 1965.
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Leyton
Coordinates: 51°33′38″N 0°00′56″W / 51.560558°N 0.015465°W / 51.560558; -0.015465
Leyton is an area of north-east London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, located 6.2 miles (10 km) north east of Charing Cross. It borders Walthamstow and Leytonstone; Stratford in Newham; and Homerton and Lower Clapton in the London Borough of Hackney.
Leyton is in the Lower Lea Valley, the river forming its western boundary, and it straddles the Prime Meridian. The area rises from marshland along the Lea to over 90 feet at Whipps Cross on the southern edge of Epping Forest. It is a dormitory suburb of terraced houses built between 1870 and 1910, interspersed with modern housing estates. Many high-rise council blocks that dominated the skyline have been demolished over the past 15 years.
Paleolithic implements and fossil bones show that early man hunted in Leyton. A Roman cemetery and the foundations of a Roman villa have been found here. From Anglo-Saxon times, Leyton has been part of the County of Essex. The name means "settlement (tun) on the River Lea" and was also known until 1921 as "Low Leyton". In the Domesday Book, the name is rendered as Leintun. at which time the population was 43. The ancient parish church of St Mary the Virgin was largely rebuilt in the 17th Century. The parish of Leyton also included Leytonstone. The old civil parish was formed into an Urban District within Essex in 1894 and it gained the status of Municipal Borough in 1926. In 1965, the Municipal Borough of Leyton was abolished and was combined with that of Walthamstow and Chingford to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest, within the new county of Greater London.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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London Fire Brigade
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London.
Founded in 1865, it is the largest of the fire services in the United Kingdom and the fourth-largest in the world (after the Tokyo Fire Department, New York City Fire Department and Paris Fire Brigade) with nearly 7,000 staff, including 5,800 operational firefighters based in 112 fire stations.
Ron Dobson is the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer. Dobson replaced Sir Ken Knight in 2007; Knight had been Commissioner since 2003. Statutory responsibility for the running of the LFB lies with the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.
In 2008/09 the LFB received 229,308 999 calls, of which it mobilised to 138,385. These included 29,215 fires, of which 13,841 were of a serious nature, making it one of the busiest fire services in the world. In the same period, it received 6,022 hoax calls, the highest number of any UK fire service, but only mobilised to 2,653 of them.
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Lower Marsh Market
Lower Marsh Market is a street market on Lower Marsh, in the Waterloo neighbourhood adjacent to Waterloo railway station in the London Borough of Lambeth.
Coordinates: 51°30′04″N 0°06′43″W / 51.50122°N 0.11194°W / 51.50122; -0.11194
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Marylebone
Coordinates: 51°31′04″N 0°08′49″W / 51.5177°N 0.1470°W / 51.5177; -0.1470
Marylebone (i/ˈmɑrlɨbən/ MAR-li-bən)[citation needed] is an affluent inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It is sometimes written as St. Marylebone or Mary-le-bone.
Marylebone is in an area of London that can be roughly defined as bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Great Portland Street to the east. A broader definition designates the historic area as Marylebone Village and encompasses neighbouring Regent's Park, Baker Street and the area immediately north of Marylebone Road, containing Marylebone Station, the original site of the Marylebone Cricket Club at Dorset Square, and the neighbourhood known as Lisson Grove to the border with St John's Wood. The west side of the Fitzrovia area up to Cleveland Street was also previously considered to be part of Marylebone.
Today the area is host to many medical and dental offices, traditionally concentrated in Harley Street. Since the opening of the Jubilee Line at Baker Street station (with its direct links to Canary Wharf), Marylebone – particularly Marylebone Village – has become an even more sought-after area in central London.
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Masjid ibn Taymeeyah
The Brixton Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre (the "Brixton Mosque", or "Masjid ibn Taymeeyah") is a mosque located in Gresham Road in the Brixton area of South London, England. The mosque has facilities for both men and women and space for 500 worshippers during prayer and is currently expanding to accommodate over 1000 worshippers. It also has the largest number of converts for a mosque in the United Kingdom.
Opened in 1990, Brixton Mosque is one of the oldest mosques in South London. The mosque provides religious, social, and financial support to its members. It follows the Salafi tradition in seeking to practice Muslim life as it was during the earliest years of Islam. Worshippers wear traditional Islamic dress. Its congregation is young and multiracial, with an average age of about 30. The mosque works to help rehabilitate recently released prisoners, and is managed by Black British converts. In 2004, the mosque's imam, Omar Urquhart, himself a Black convert to Islam and a graduate from the Faculty of Hadith Studies at the Islamic University of Madinah, said that 60 percent of the mosque's 500 members were Black converts.
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Mayfair
Coordinates: 51°30′32″N 0°08′51″W / 51.508755°N 0.14743°W / 51.508755; -0.14743
Mayfair (originally called The May Fair) is an area of central London, located within the City of Westminster.
Mayfair is named after the annual fortnight-long May Fair that took place on the site that is Shepherd Market today (from 1686 until it was banned in that location in 1764). Until 1686, the May Fair was held in Haymarket, and after 1764, it moved to Fair Field in Bow because the well-to-do residents of the area felt the fair lowered the tone of the neighbourhood.
Mayfair was anciently part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, and became part of St George Hanover Square in 1724. The new parish stretched to Bond Street in the southern part of Mayfair and almost to Regent Street north of Conduit Street. The northern boundary was Oxford Street and the southern boundary fell short of Piccadilly. The parish continued west of Mayfair into Hyde Park and then south to include Belgravia and other areas.
The old telephone district of MAYfair (later 629) changed east of Bond Street to REGent (later 734). Most of the area was first developed between the mid 17th century and the mid 18th century as a fashionable residential district, by a number of landlords, the most important of them being the Dukes of Westminster, the Grosvenor family. The Rothschild family bought up large areas of Mayfair in the 19th century. The freehold of a large section of Mayfair also belongs to the Crown Estate.
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Mitcham
Coordinates: 51°24′03″N 0°09′06″W / 51.4009°N 0.1517°W / 51.4009; -0.1517
Mitcham is a district in the south west area of London, in the London Borough of Merton. A suburban area, Mitcham is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is both residentially and financially developed, well served by Transport for London, and home to Mitcham Town Centre, Mitcham Common, Mitcham Library, and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby districts include Wimbledon, Streatham, Tooting, Morden and Sutton.
Mitcham is on the east side of the London Borough of Merton and is bounded by the London Borough of Wandsworth, the London Borough of Croydon, the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Sutton. Mitcham is close to Wimbledon, Croydon, Streatham and Tooting. The River Wandle bounds the town to the southwest. The original village lies in the west, although expansion has pushed the eastern boundary the furthest. Mitcham Common takes up the greater part of the boundary and area to the south.
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Morden
Coordinates: 51°24′05″N 0°11′42″W / 51.4015°N 0.1949°W / 51.4015; -0.1949
Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) South-southwest of central London between Merton Park (to the north), Mitcham (to the east), Sutton (to the south) and Worcester Park (to the west).
Morden might get its name either from the British language words Mawr (great or large) and Dun (a fort), or possibly "The Town on the Moor".
Human activity in Morden dates back to the prehistoric period when Celtic tribes are known to have occupied areas around Wimbledon, but the first significant development in Morden was the construction of the Roman road called Stane Street from Chichester to London.
The route of Stane Street through Morden followed the current A24, London Road up Stonecot Hill from the south west crossing Morden Park to the west of the current dual carriageway road and passing through the pitch and putt golf course and the grounds of St Lawrence's Church. The road then descended the other side of the hill towards the town centre passing west of the Underground station and crossing the north corner of Morden Hall Park heading in the direction of Colliers Wood and Tooting. Small Roman artifacts, mainly coins and pottery, have been found at various locations within the area although there is no evidence of any settlement.
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Muswell Hill
Coordinates: 51°35′31″N 0°08′35″W / 51.592°N 0.143°W / 51.592; -0.143
Muswell Hill is a suburb of north London, mostly in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated about 6 miles (10 km) north of Charing Cross and around 8 miles (13 km) from the City of London. Muswell Hill is in the N10 postal district and mostly in the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency.
The earliest records of Muswell Hill date from the 12th century. The Bishop of London, who was the Lord of the Manor of Harringay, owned the area and granted 65 acres (263,000 m²), located to the east of Colney Hatch Lane, to a newly formed order of nuns. The nuns built a chapel on the site and called it ‘Our Lady of Muswell’.
The name Muswell is believed to come from a natural spring or well (the "Mossy Well"), said to have miraculous properties. The traditional story tells that a Scottish king was cured of disease after drinking the water of the spring/well. The area became a place of pilgrimage for healing during medieval times. The River Moselle, which has its source in Muswell Hill and Highgate, derives its name from this district; it was originally known as the Mosa or Mosella.
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New Cross
Coordinates: 51°28′15″N 0°02′01″W / 51.4709°N 0.0337°W / 51.4709; -0.0337
New Cross is a district and ward of the London Borough of Lewisham, England. It is situated 4 miles south-east of Charing Cross. The ward covered by London post town and the SE 14 postcode district. New Cross is near St Johns, Telegraph Hill, Nunhead, Peckham, Brockley, Deptford and Greenwich. New Cross is home to Goldsmiths, University of London, Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College and Addey and Stanhope School.
New Cross Gate, on the west of New Cross, is named after the New Cross tollgate, established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust. It is the location of New Cross Gate station. New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham.
The area was originally known as Hatcham (the name persists in the title of the Anglican parishes of St. James, Hatcham along with its school, and All Saints, Hatcham Park). The earliest reference to Hatcham is the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hacheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. According to the entry in the Domesday Book Hatcham's assets were: 3 hides; 3 ploughs, 6 acres (24,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 3 hog and rendered £2.
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New Malden
Coordinates: 51°24′00″N 0°15′07″W / 51.40°N 0.252°W / 51.40; -0.252
New Malden is a small town and shopping centre in the south-western London suburbs, mostly within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and partly in the London Borough of Merton, and is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Charing Cross. Nearby towns are Kingston upon Thames, Raynes Park, Surbiton, Berrylands, Tolworth and Worcester Park.
New Malden was established entirely as a result of the arrival of the railway when what is now called New Malden railway station was opened on 1 December 1846 on the main line from Waterloo. However, when Queen Victoria visited distinguished residents in the Coombe Hill area, the royal train always continued to Norbiton station where the platform was at ground level.
Building started slowly in the area north of the station, gathering pace in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with two- and three-bedroom terraced houses. Further out are larger detached and semi-detached houses from the 1930s. The road up the hill to Coombe, Traps Lane, is thought to derive from a farm owned by a Mrs Trap.
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Norway cup
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Orpington
Coordinates: 51°22′27″N 0°05′55″E / 51.3741°N 0.0986°E / 51.3741; 0.0986
Orpington is a suburban town and electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley. It forms the southeastern edge of London's urban sprawl and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Stone Age tools have been found in several areas of Orpington, including Goddington Park, Priory Gardens, the Ramsden estate, and Poverest. Early Bronze Age pottery fragments have been found in the Park Avenue area. During the building of Ramsden Boys School in 1956, the remains of an Iron Age farmstead were excavated. The area was occupied in Roman times, as shown by Crofton Roman Villa, and the Roman bath-house at Fordcroft. The first record of the name Orpington occurs in 1038, when King Cnut's treasurer Eadsy gave land at "Orpedingetune" to the Monastery of Christ Church at Canterbury. The parish church also pre-dates the Domesday Book.
Until the railway came, the local commercial centre was nearby St Mary Cray, rather than Orpington. St Mary Cray had a regular market, and industry (paper mills and bell foundry), whereas Orpington was just a small country village surrounded by soft fruit farms, hopfields and orchards.
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Oval, London
Coordinates: 51°28′53″N 0°07′11″W / 51.4813°N 0.1197°W / 51.4813; -0.1197
Oval is a geographically small area of Kennington, South London, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 2.1 miles (3.38 km) to the south-east of Charing Cross. Oval straddles the border of south-west London and south-east London, and is where the postcode SE11 converges with the postcodes SW8 and SW9. Oval is best known for The Oval cricket ground, the home-ground of Surrey County Cricket Club.
Oval is within the borough constituency of Vauxhall. The Member of Parliament for the area is Kate Hoey of the Labour Party.
The land here was, from the seventeenth century, used for a market garden. The name "Oval" emerged from a street layout which was originated in 1790 but never completely built. The Montpelier Cricket Club leased ten acres of land from the Duchy of Cornwall in 1844, and Surrey County Cricket Club was formed soon thereafter at a meeting at the Horns Tavern (since demolished) on Kennington Park Road.
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Paddington
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°10′23″W / 51.5172°N 0.1730°W / 51.5172; -0.1730
Paddington is a district within the City of Westminster, in central London, England. Formerly a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital and Paddington Green Police Station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).
A major project called Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land between 1998 and 2018, and the area is seeing many new developments.
The earliest extant reference to Padington, historically a part of Middlesex, was made in 1056.[citation needed]
In the later Elizabethan and early Stuart era, the rectory and associated estate houses were occupied by the Small (or Smale) family. Nicholas Small was a clothworker sufficiently well connected to have his new wife's (Jane Small) portrait painted by Holbein. Nicholas died in 1565 and his wife married again, to Nicholas Parkinson, who also resided in Paddington. Parkinson went on to be the Master of the Clothworker's company. Jane Small continued to live in Paddington after her second husband's death, and her manor house was big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s. At this time there was an inn attached to the estate, named Blowers.
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Peckham
Coordinates: 51°28′17″N 0°03′45″W / 51.4714°N 0.0625°W / 51.4714; -0.0625
Peckham ( /ˈpɛkəm/) is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 11,381 in the Peckham ward of Southwark and the Office for National Statistics estimated 19,500 residents in the Peckham Community Council area in 2005.
'Peckham' is a Saxon place name meaning the village of the River Peck, a small stream that ran through the district until it was enclosed in 1823. Archaeological evidence indicates earlier Roman occupation in the area, although the name of this settlement is lost.
Peckham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Pecheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had land for 1 plough, 2 acres (8,100 m2) of meadow. It rendered £1 10s 0d (£1.50).
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Penge
Coordinates: 51°25′03″N 0°03′53″W / 51.4174°N 0.0648°W / 51.4174; -0.0648
Penge is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Bromley. It is located 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south east of Charing Cross.
Penge was once a small town, which was recorded under the name Penceat in a Saxon deed dating from 957. Most historians believe the name of the town is derived from the Celtic word Penceat which means "edge of wood" and refers to the fact that the surrounding area was once covered in a dense forest. The original Celtic words of which the name was composed referred to pen "head", as in the Welsh pen, and ceat "wood", similar to the Welsh coed, as in the name of the town of Pencoed in Wales.
Penge formed a part of the parish of Battersea, with the historic county boundary between Kent and Surrey forming its eastern boundary. In 1855 both parts of the parish were included in the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works, with Penge Hamlet Vestry electing six members to the Lewisham District Board of Works. The Local Government Act 1888 abolished the Metropolitan Board, with its area becoming the County of London. However the London Government Act 1899 subsequently made provision for Penge to be removed from the County of London and annexed to either Surrey or Kent. Accordingly, an Order in Council transferred the hamlet to Kent in 1900, constituting it as Penge Urban District. The urban district was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963, and its former area merged with that of other districts to form the London Borough of Bromley. With the creation of the Penge Urban District, Penge New Road (formerly the part of Beckenham Road north of Kent House Road) was renamed Penge High Street.
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Pinner
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°23′22″W / 51.5932°N 0.3894°W / 51.5932; -0.3894
Pinner is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow in London, England, 12.2 miles north west of Charing Cross.
Pinner was originally a hamlet, first recorded in 1231 as Pinnora, although the already archaic -ora (meaning 'hill') suggests its origins lie no later than c.900.
The area was in the county of Middlesex until 1965, when it was absorbed by the London Government Act 1963 into Greater London.
The oldest part of the village lies around the fourteenth-century parish church of St John the Baptist, at the junction of the present day Grange Gardens, The High Street and Church Lane. The earliest surviving private dwelling, East End Farm Cottage, dates from the late fifteenth-century.
The village expanded rapidly between 1923 and 1939 when a series of garden estates – encouraged by the Metropolitan Railway – grew around its historic core, and it was largely from this time onwards that the area (including Hatch End, which forms the northeastern part of Pinner) assumed much of its present-day suburban character. The area is now continuous with neighbouring suburban districts including Rayners Lane and Eastcote.
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Poplar, London
Coordinates: 51°30′24″N 0°01′04″W / 51.5066°N 0.0178°W / 51.5066; -0.0178
Poplar is a historic, mainly residential area of the East London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is about 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Charing Cross. Historically a hamlet in the parish of Stepney, Middlesex, in 1817 Poplar became a civil parish. In 1855 the Poplar District of the Metropolis was formed, which also included Bromley and Bow. The district became the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar in 1900 which was abolished in 1965. The district centre is Chrisp Street Market. Poplar contains notable examples of public housing including the Lansbury Estate and Balfron Tower.
Architecturally it is a mixture of 18th and 19th century terraced houses and 20th century council estates. There is evidence the district is undergoing gentrification, thought to be due to its close proximity to the major business centre of Canary Wharf and nightlife of Shoreditch and Brick Lane.
St Matthias Old Church is located on Poplar High Street, opposite Tower Hamlets College. It is next to Poplar Town Hall – which has mosaic detail – and Poplar Bowls Club, which is part of Poplar Recreation Ground. A recently re-opened sports centre called The Workhouse stands on the site of Poplar Workhouse, where local politician Will Crooks spent some of his earliest years (a nearby council housing estate is named after him).
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Purcell Room
The Purcell Room is a concert and performance venue which forms part of the Southbank Centre, one of central London's leading cultural complexes. It is named after the 17th century English composer Henry Purcell and has 370 seats.
The Purcell Room hosts a wide range of chamber music, jazz, mime and poetry recitals. Access is via the same foyer as for the Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH), most easily reached from the upper riverside terrace of the Royal Festival Hall.
In the context of the Southbank Centre it is the smallest of a set of three venues, the other two being the Royal Festival Hall, a large symphony hall, and the QEH, which is used for orchestral, chamber and contemporary amplified music.
The Purcell Room was built at the same time as the QEH, with which it shares a common foyer building and architectural features as an example of Brutalist architecture. The focus of the building is its interior space and it makes few concessions to external decoration. From outside, even its position within Southbank Centre is not easy to discern. The QEH and Purcell Room were designed, with The Hayward, as additions to the Southbank Centre arts complex by Hubert Bennett, head of the architects department of the Greater London Council, with Jack Whittle, F.G West and Geoffrey Horsefall.
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Putney
Coordinates: 51°27′54″N 0°13′16″W / 51.4649°N 0.2211°W / 51.4649; -0.2211
Putney is a district in south-west London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5.1 miles (8.2 km) south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Putney was an ancient parish in the Brixton hundred of the county of Surrey. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and was grouped into the Wandsworth District. In 1889 the area was removed from Surrey and became part of the County of London. The Wandsworth District became the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth in 1900. Since 1965 Putney has formed part of the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London.
Putney appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Putelei. It was noted that it was not a manor, but obtained 20 shillings from the ferry or market toll at Putney belonging to Mortlake.
The ferry was mentioned in the household accounts of Edward I (1272–1307): Robert the Ferryman of Putney and other sailors received 3/6d for carrying a great part of the royal family across the Thames and also for taking the king and his family to Westminster.
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Queen Elizabeth Hall
The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a music venue on the South Bank in London, United Kingdom that hosts daily classical, jazz, and avant-garde music and dance performances. The QEH forms part of Southbank Centre arts complex and stands alongside the Royal Festival Hall, which was built for the Festival of Britain of 1951, and the Hayward Gallery. It stands on the former site of a Shot Tower, built as part of a lead works in 1826 and retained for the Festival of Britain.
The QEH has over 900 seats and the Purcell Room in the same building has 360 seats. These two auditoriums were built together by Higgs and Hill and opened in March 1967. They were designed as additions to the Southbank Centre arts complex, with The Hayward (opened in October 1968), by Hubert Bennett, head of the architects department of the Greater London Council, with Jack Whittle, F.G West and Geoffrey Horsefall.
The sculpture Zerman in stainless steel (by William Pye, 1972) stands on the riverside terrace of the QEH.
The QEH is in an example of brutalist architecture. The design was intended to show to a high degree the separate masses and elements of the building, in order to avoid competing with the scale and presence of the Royal Festival Hall. The QEH uses minimal decoration and was designed to allow circulation at multiple levels around the building. The focus is primarily on the internal spaces, which have very limited fenestration except for the (deeply inset) sweep along the river frontage of the foyer building.
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Richmond, London
Coordinates: 51°27′22″N 0°18′04″W / 51.456°N 0.301°W / 51.456; -0.301
Richmond is a town in south west London, England and is part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is located 8.2 miles (13.2 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross.
The founding and naming of Richmond followed the Tudor building of Richmond Palace early in the 16th century. During this era the town was particularly associated with Elizabeth I. The development of Richmond as a London suburb then began with the opening of the railway station in 1846. It was formerly part of the ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the county of Surrey and it became a municipal borough in 1890 that was enlarged in 1892 and 1933. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Richmond is a much sought after residential location, and among the most wealthy areas in the United Kingdom. It is also a significant commercial and upmarket retail centre, and has a developed day and evening economy. The town is located on a meander of the River Thames, with a large number of parks and open spaces, including Richmond Park, and many protected conservation areas. Richmond is noted for its high quality of life, as well as its affluence, and has been assessed as one of the happiest places in which to live in the UK.
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Ritzy Cinema
The Ritzy is a cinema in Brixton, South London, United Kingdom.
The cinema opened on 11 March 1911 as 'the Electric Pavilion'. It was built by E. C. Homer and Lucas for Israel Davis, one of a noted family of cinema developers, and was one of England's earliest purpose built cinemas seating over 750 seats in the single auditorium. Like many cinemas of the period, it was fitted with an organ.
In 1954 it was renamed 'the Pullman' and the organ was removed. It was later renamed 'the Classic' before closure in 1976. A collaboration between Lambeth Council and the management of the time ensured the cinema's survival, with the facade being rebuilt and restored to near-original condition.
Today the cinema is owned by Picturehouse Cinemas, a division of City Screen Limited, and thrives as a multiscreen complex with bar and cafe facilities. Its official name is now Ritzy Picturehouse although it is still commonly known as the Ritzy Cinema. In 1999 Albion Ventures invested £8million in Cityscreen to help fund the development of several of their cinemas, including the Ritzy.
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River Effra
The River Effra is a river in south London, England. It is now mainly underground. The name cannot be traced back much earlier than 1840, so speculation that it came from a Celtic word for torrent is unwarranted. Probably it is also unrelated to the heah yfre 'high bank' at the river mouth mentioned in an Anglo-Saxon charter.
When the London sewerage system was constructed during the mid-19th century, its designer Sir Joseph Bazalgette incorporated flows from the River Effra into his 'high-level interceptor sewer', also known as the Effra sewer, running from Herne Hill eastwards under Peckham and New Cross to Deptford.
The main course of the River Effra was diverted into a sewer and culverts. It can be accessed through the sewers on Effra Road in Brixton, South London and through a drainage grate in the crypts under St. Luke's Church, West Norwood, South London.
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Romford
Coordinates: 51°34′36″N 0°10′48″E / 51.5768°N 0.1801°E / 51.5768; 0.1801
Romford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Havering. It is located 14.1 miles (22.7 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a market town in the county of Essex and formed the administrative centre of the liberty of Havering, until it was dissolved in 1892. Good road links and the opening of the railway station in 1839 were key to the development of the town and the economic history of Romford is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to light industry and more recently to retail and commerce. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Romford significantly expanded and increased in population,becoming a municipal borough in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms one of the largest commercial, retail, entertainment and leisure districts outside central London and has a developed night time economy.
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Royal Festival Hall
The Royal Festival Hall is a 2,900-seat concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London. It is situated on the South Bank of the River Thames, not far from Hungerford Bridge. It is a Grade I listed building - the first post-war building to become so protected (in 1981) . The London Philharmonic Orchestra and Philharmonia Orchestras perform the majority of their London concerts in the hall.
The hall was built as part of the Festival of Britain by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts for London County Council, and was officially opened on 3 May 1951. When the Greater London Council (LCC's successor) was abolished in 1986, the Hall was taken over by the Arts Council. Since the late 1980s the hall has operated an 'open foyers' policy, opening up the substantial foyer spaces to the public throughout the day, even if there are no performances. This has proved very popular and the foyers are now one of the most used public spaces in London.
Each year Southbank Centre puts on a festival known as "Meltdown". In 2010 the festival was curated by Richard Thompson and featured events across the Royal Festival Hall and Queen Elizabeth Hall.
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Ruislip
Coordinates: 51°34′34″N 0°25′59″W / 51.576°N 0.433°W / 51.576; -0.433
Ruislip ( /ˈraɪslɪp/ RY-slip) is a suburban area, centred on an old village in Greater London, and is part of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
It was formerly also a parish covering the neighbouring areas of Eastcote, Northwood, Ruislip Manor and South Ruislip in the area. The parish appears in the Domesday Book, and some of the earliest settlements still exist today, designated as local heritage sites. The parish church, St Martin's, dates back to the 13th century and remains in use. The buildings at the northern end of Ruislip High Street form the core of the original village square and are now Grade II listed. It originally featured a central water pump which was moved out of the road in the 1970s as a result of increased traffic.
The expansion of the Metropolitan Railway in the early 20th century acted as a catalyst for development in the area. A station was opened in Ruislip in 1904 and the parish council created a new urban district to address the forthcoming population growth. The Ruislip-Northwood Urban District continued until 1965 when Ruislip became part of the newly established London Borough of Hillingdon. Between 1911 and 1961, Ruislip-Northwood experienced a significant rise in population, from 6,217 to 72,791, largely attributed to the extension of the railway.
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Shepherd's Bush
Coordinates: 51°30′15″N 0°13′15″W / 51.5042°N 0.2207°W / 51.5042; -0.2207
Shepherd's Bush (also Shepherds Bush) is an area of west London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, situated 4.9 miles (7.9 km) west of Charing Cross. Although it is primarily residential in character, its focus is the shopping area of Shepherds Bush Green, the north side of which is home to the Westfield shopping centre, the largest urban shopping centre in Europe. The south side also has a smaller shopping centre, West 12, with a supermarket, cinema and gym. The main thoroughfares are Uxbridge Road, Goldhawk Road and Askew Road, all containing a large number of small and mostly independent shops, pubs and restaurants. Loftus Road in Shepherd's Bush is home to Queens Park Rangers.
It is bordered by Hammersmith to the south/south-west, Brook Green to the south/south-east, Holland Park (and then Notting Hill) to the east, Willesden and Harlesden to the north and by Acton and Chiswick to the west.
The area's focal point is Shepherd's Bush Green (also known as Shepherds Bush Common), an approximately 8-acre (3.2 ha) triangular area of open grass surrounded by trees and roads with shops, with Westfield at its north western apex.
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Shoreditch
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°04′41″W / 51.526°N 0.078°W / 51.526; -0.078
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney in England. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross.
The etymology of 'Shoreditch' is debated. One legend holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward IV, who is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of Jane Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV.
However, the area was known as "Soersditch" long before Jane Shore's life. A more plausible origin for the name is "Sewer Ditch", in reference to a drain or watercourse in what was once a boggy area. It may have referred to the headwaters of the river Walbrook, which rose in the Curtain Road area.
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Sidcup
Coordinates: 51°25′35″N 0°06′09″E / 51.4263°N 0.1024°E / 51.4263; 0.1024
Sidcup is a district in South East London in the London Borough of Bexley and small parts of the district in the Royal Borough of Greenwich.Located 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south east of Charing Cross, Sidcup is bordered by the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bromley and Kent County Council, and whilst now part of Greater London, was once referred to as the gateway to Kent. Sidcup retains Kent as its county reference, (much like most of Outer London with the other Home counties, although small parts of Sidcup correspond with the London postal address such as SE9.
Sidcup has a mixture of large Victorian and Edwardian properties alongside typical 1930s suburbia, primarily owner occupied semi-detached and detached housing. It retains many parks and open spaces hinting at the great estates and large homes which once stood in the area.
The town contains a major hospital, a recently opened sports and leisure centre, as well as two colleges (Bird College and Rose Bruford College). The town centre has a mix of high street stores, independent shops, a modern library, coffee shops, and several pubs. A Waitrose store and Travelodge (budget motel) are due to open in the town in mid 2012, on the site of a former pub, the Black Horse. Sidcup contains a number of districts, some of them once villages in their own right - Blackfen, Foots Cray, Longlands, and Lamorbey.
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Soho
Coordinates: 51°30′47″N 0°07′52″W / 51.513°N 0.131°W / 51.513; -0.131
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and part of the West End of London. Long established as an entertainment district, for much of the 20th century Soho had a reputation for sex shops as well as night life and film industry. Since the early 1980s, the area has undergone considerable transformation. It now is predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues.
The area of Soho was grazing farmland until 1536, when it was taken by Henry VIII as a royal park for the Palace of Whitehall. The name "Soho" first appears in the 17th century. Most authorities believe that the name derives from a former hunting cry. The Duke of Monmouth used "soho" as a rallying call for his men at the Battle of Sedgemoor, half a century after the name was first used for this area of London.
In the 1660s the Crown granted Soho Fields to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans. He leased 19 of its 22 acres (89,000 m2) to Joseph Girle, who gained permission to build and promptly passed his lease and licence to bricklayer Richard Frith in 1677. Frith began the development. In 1698 William III granted the Crown freehold of most of this area to William, Earl of Portland. Meanwhile the southern part of what became the parish of St. Anne, Soho, was sold by the Crown in parcels in the 16th and 17th centuries, with part going to Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester.
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South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, United Kingdom.
According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition, South London includes the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.
The River Thames divides Greater London into two parts. The southern part includes the historic central areas of Southwark, Lambeth and Bankside and also maritime Greenwich. The area has only a small section of the London Underground network, but has a much more extensive suburban railway system than North London and is the location of all of London's tram services.
This area is made up of the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth. This definition is used by the Boundary Commission for England. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames includes sections on both sides of the River Thames and the boundary commission class the entire district as part of South London, pairing it with Kingston upon Thames for the purposes of devising constituencies.
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South Norwood
Coordinates: 51°23′58″N 0°04′29″W / 51.3995°N 0.0747°W / 51.3995; -0.0747
South Norwood is an urban town and in south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development 7.8 miles (12.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. South Norwood is an electoral with a resident population in 2001 of just over 14,000. A tributary of the River Wandle, which rises in Merton, ends in South Norwood.
The south-eastern side of the town is dominated by the 125-acre (0.51 km2) country park which opened in 1989. At the other northern end of the town is South Norwood Lake, which was created after the reservoir for the unsuccessful Croydon Canal went out of use. It is used by the Croydon Sailing Club and local anglers who fish for carp, bream and perch.
Together with Norwood New Town, it forms the ward of South Norwood in the local authority of Croydon. There are two secondary schools in the area along with a public leisure centre. The town has a high street which forms part of Selhurst Road which includes a number of banks, estate agents and a coffee house. It is a commuter town, with many residents travelling to either the financial and insurance districts of Croydon or the City of London for employment via the large railway station. The town and surrounding areas are covered by the London SE25 postcode.
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Southall
Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°22′40″W / 51.5121°N 0.3779°W / 51.5121; -0.3779
Southall is a large suburban district of west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 10.7 miles (17.2 km) west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Yeading, Hayes, Hanwell, Heston, Hounslow, Greenford and Northolt. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal (formerly the Grand Junction Canal) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system. It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic (through the 1950s) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft.
The town has one of the largest concentrations of South Asian people outside of the Indian sub-continent.
The name Southall derives from the Anglo-Saxon dative æt súð healum, "At the south corner (of the land or wood)" and súð heal, "South corner" and separates it from Northolt which was originally norþ heal, "North corner" which through a later association with Anglo-Saxon holt, "Wood, copse" developed into Northolt.[citation needed]
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Southbank Centre
Southbank Centre is a complex of artistic venues in London, UK, on the South Bank of the River Thames between County Hall and Waterloo Bridge. It comprises three main buildings (the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and the Hayward Gallery), and is Europe’s largest centre for the arts. It attracts more than three million visitors annually. Nearly a thousand paid performances of music, dance and literature are staged at Southbank Centre each year, as well as over 300 free foyer events and an education programme, in and around the performing arts venues. In addition, three to six major art exhibitions are presented at Hayward Gallery yearly, and National Touring Exhibitions reach over 100 venues across the UK.
Nearby, although not part of Southbank Centre, are the National Theatre and BFI Southbank. This is one of the most popular public spaces in London, part of a pedestrian-friendly stretch of the river extending eastwards from Westminster Bridge, past The London Eye, Southbank Centre, Tate Modern and the new Shakespeare's Globe to the east. :D
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Southgate, London
Coordinates: 51°37′54″N 0°07′35″W / 51.6316°N 0.1265°W / 51.6316; -0.1265
Southgate is an area of north London, England, primarily within the London Borough of Enfield, although parts of its western fringes lie within the London Borough of Barnet. It is located around 8 miles (12.9 km) north of Charing Cross, in the county of Middlesex. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase.
Within the area is the famous circular Southgate tube station and a variety of shops and restaurants. It also has several large green parks such as Grovelands Park which covers ninety-two arces and contains a beautiful boating-lake of seven acres adjoining dense woods and bracken. In Waterfall Road is Christ Church, a building of stone which has a tower and spire and was built in 1862 by Sir Gilbert Scott, In the grounds stands the Minchenden Oak, said to be the largest oak tree in England, and perhaps 800 years old.
Southgate tube station on the Piccadilly Line is the nearest tube station to most of Southgate's residential area. The other stations are at Oakwood (to the north) or Arnos Grove (to the south west).
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Southwark
Coordinates: 51°29′56″N 0°05′24″W / 51.4988°N 0.0901°W / 51.4988; -0.0901
Southwark (pronounced /ˈsʌðərk/ SUDH-ərk) is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north. It historically formed an ancient borough in the county of Surrey, made up of a number of parishes, which increasingly came under the influence and jurisdiction of the City of London. As an inner district of London, Southwark experienced rapid depopulation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now at an advanced stage of regeneration and is the location of the City Hall offices of the Greater London Authority.
The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the area in the 10th century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means "fort of the men of Surrey" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca. The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūth and weorc. The southern location is in reference to the City of London to the north, Southwark being at the southern end of London Bridge. The name has been used for various areas of civil administration, including the ancient Borough of Southwark, the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and the current London Borough of Southwark. The ancient borough of Southwark was also known simply as The Borough —or Borough— and this name, in distinction from 'The City', has persisted as an alternative name for the area. Southwark was also simultaneously referred to as the Ward of Bridge Without when administered by the City (from 1550 to 1900 and as an Aldermanry until 1978.
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Stepney
Coordinates: 51°30′55″N 0°02′46″W / 51.5152°N 0.0462°W / 51.5152; -0.0462
Stepney is a district of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in London's East End that grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century ribbon development of Mile End Road. The area built up rapidly in the 19th century, mainly to accommodate immigrant workers and displaced London poor, and developed a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz, with over a third of housing totally destroyed; and then, in the 1960s, slum clearance and development replaced most residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates. Some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive in patches: for example Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green, and the streets around Matlock Street.
The area has not yet experienced the levels of gentrification seen in nearby Bow, Wapping and Limehouse but some redevelopment has taken place. The former Arbour Square Police Station and the East End Mission building are also being redeveloped.
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Stockwell
Coordinates: 51°27′48″N 0°07′13″W / 51.4633°N 0.1204°W / 51.4633; -0.1204
Stockwell is a district in inner south west London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth.
It is situated 2.4 miles (3.9 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. Brixton, Clapham, Vauxhall and Kennington all border Stockwell. Once one of London's poorest neighbourhoods, it is now an up-and-coming area, owing to its close proximity to central London and excellent transport links.
Stockwell probably got the second half of its name from a local well; the other half is from "stoc", which was Old English for a tree trunk or post. From the thirteenth to the start of the nineteenth century, Stockwell was a rural manor at the edge of London. It included market gardens and John Tradescant's botanical garden – commemorated in Tradescant Road, which was built over it in 1880, and in a memorial outside St Stephen's church. In the nineteenth century it developed as an elegant middle class suburb. Residents included the artist Arthur Rackham, who was born in South Lambeth Road in 1867, moving with his family to Albert Square when he was 15.
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Stockwell Skatepark
Stockwell Skatepark (also known as Brixton Bowls or Brixton Beach) is situated on Stockwell Park Walk in South London, England. Unsupervised and free at all hours, the skatepark was built in the 1970s and has been used since then by skateboarders and practitioners of other extreme sports such as BMX. The park remains popular and has been skated by the likes of Bam Margera, John Cardiel and Jason Lee and the Stereo Sound Agency
In September 2005 the park was resurfaced. The new surface has already cracked and become dangerous in certain places. Users of the park were angry with the council for employing inexperienced contractors who had no experience in the skatepark building field. Some of the wooden local-built ramps were then removed by the council after the fatal injury of a visiting skateboarder. The injury was not incurred on or near the local built ramps but, it is believed, the council felt the need to be extra careful, fearing the possibility of litigation in the eventuality of other injuries.
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Stoke Newington
Coordinates: 51°33′41″N 0°04′23″W / 51.5615°N 0.0731°W / 51.5615; -0.0731
Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Charing Cross.
In modern terms, Stoke Newington (informally known as Stokey) can be roughly defined by the N16 postcode area (though this also includes parts of Stamford Hill and the almost extinct district of Shacklewell). Its southern boundary with Dalston is quite ill-defined too, but it was once a well-defined administrative unit. In 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington was formed out of the greater part of the parish of that name. The resulting boundaries seem rather anomalous now; the entire eastern side of Stoke Newington High Street and beyond, including Stoke Newington Common, were included in the next door Metropolitan Borough of Hackney, but in fact this area was then part of the parish of Hackney – not Stoke Newington – and much of it would have been regarded as being in Shacklewell at the time. These apparent oddities became moot when in 1965, the Metropolitan Borough became part of the London Borough of Hackney. Immediately to the south of Stoke Newington is Newington Green, also ill-defined, though originally they were two distinct villages separated by a mile of fields.
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Stratford, London
Coordinates: 51°32′32″N 0°00′06″W / 51.5423°N 0.0018°W / 51.5423; -0.0018
Stratford is a place in London in the London Borough of Newham, England. It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) east northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an agrarian settlement in the ancient parish of West Ham, which transformed into an industrial suburb following the introduction of the railway in 1839. As part of the growth of London in the late 19th century, Stratford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming the centre of administration of the Borough of West Ham in 1886 and it has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The more recent economic history is underpinned by a move away from railway works and heavy industry towards becoming a significant commercial and cultural centre. Stratford is the location of the London Olympic Park and is currently experiencing regeneration and expansion linked to the 2012 Summer Olympics.
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Streatham
Coordinates: 51°25′40″N 0°07′25″W / 51.4279°N 0.1235°W / 51.4279; -0.1235
Streatham ( /ˈstrɛtəm/) is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Streatham means "the hamlet on the street". The street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman Road from the capital Londinium to the coast near Portslade. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, which has been tentatively identified with the 'Novus Portus' mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia. The road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources, although it diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington.
After the departure of the Romans, the main road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the seventeenth century it was adopted as the main coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead, and then on to Newhaven and Lewes. In 1780 it then became the route of the turnpike road from London to Brighton, and subsequently became the basis for the modern A23. This road (and its traffic) have shaped Streatham's development.
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Streatham Hill
Coordinates: 51°25′40″N 0°07′25″W / 51.4279°N 0.1235°W / 51.4279; -0.1235
Streatham ( /ˈstrɛtəm/) is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Streatham means "the hamlet on the street". The street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman Road from the capital Londinium to the coast near Portslade. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, which has been tentatively identified with the 'Novus Portus' mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia. The road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources, although it diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington.
After the departure of the Romans, the main road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the seventeenth century it was adopted as the main coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead, and then on to Newhaven and Lewes. In 1780 it then became the route of the turnpike road from London to Brighton, and subsequently became the basis for the modern A23. This road (and its traffic) have shaped Streatham's development.
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Surbiton
Coordinates: 51°23′32″N 0°18′11″W / 51.3923°N 0.3030°W / 51.3923; -0.3030
Surbiton, a suburban area of London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is situated next to the River Thames, with a mixture of Art-Deco courts, more recent residential blocks and grand, spacious 19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates. Surbiton is a popular rail commuter town, located approximately 10 miles to the south west of central London (12 miles by rail from London Waterloo).
The town started to prosper when a plan to build the main railway line down to the south coast closer to nearby Kingston was rejected by Kingston Council, fearing the detrimental effect it would have on the busy coaching trade. This resulted in the line being routed further south, through a cutting in the hill south of Surbiton. Surbiton railway station opened in 1838, and was originally named Kingston-upon-Railway. It was only renamed Surbiton to distinguish it from the new Kingston railway station on the Shepperton branch line, which opened on 1 January 1869. The present station has a fine art deco façade.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Sutton, London
Coordinates: 51°21′56″N 0°11′47″W / 51.3656°N 0.1963°W / 51.3656; -0.1963
Sutton is a large town in south west London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Sutton. Formerly in Surrey, it is located 10.9 miles (17.5 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. The town was connected to central London by rail in 1847. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Sutton significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Cheam in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant civic and retail district.
The placename Sutton is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudtone. It is formed from Old English 'sūth' and 'tūn', meaning 'the south farm'. It was probably in relation to Mitcham and Morden that it was considered southerly. The name was later applied to Sutton Common and the Sutton New Town development in the 19th century, and to the London Borough of Sutton created in 1965.
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Sydenham
Coordinates: 51°25′31″N 0°03′16″W / 51.4254°N 0.0544°W / 51.4254; -0.0544
Sydenham ( /ˈsɪdnəm/) is an area and electoral ward in the London Borough of Lewisham; although some streets towards Crystal Palace Park, Forest Hill and Penge are outside the ward and in the London Borough of Bromley, and some streets off Sydenham Hill are in the London Borough of Southwark. Sydenham was in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The population of the Sydenham ward in 2007 was 14,650, Upper Sydenham is included in Forest Hill ward.
Sydenham is most famous as the location where the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated. Famous people who have lived here include Ernest Shackleton, the Antarctic explorer; George Grove of musical dictionary fame; John Logie Baird, the television inventor; Jason Statham, an actor; the comics and film historian Denis Gifford; and Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of the modern hospice movement.
Sydenham started out as a small settlement, a few cottages among the woods, whose inhabitants grazed their animals and collected wood.
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Teddington
Coordinates: 51°25′27″N 0°19′56″W / 51.4242°N 0.3321°W / 51.4242; -0.3321
Teddington is a suburban area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hampton Wick and Twickenham. It stretches inland from the River Thames to Bushy Park. Formerly it was in the county of Middlesex, which was formerly also its postal county.
Teddington is mostly residential but is bisected by an almost continuous road of shops, offices and other facilities running from the river to Bushy Park. There are three clusters of offices on this route: on the river Teddington Studios and Haymarket Group form a media hub whilst on the edge of Bushy Park the NPL, NMO and LGC form a scientific centre. Around Teddington Station and the town centre are a number of offices in industries such as Direct Marketing and IT, and offices outside this axis include Tearfund. Several riverside businesses and houses were redeveloped in the last quarter of the 20th century as blocks of riverside flats. The area has been described in the national press as "leafy".
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Thamesmead
Coordinates: 51°30′14″N 0°07′34″E / 51.504°N 0.1261°E / 51.504; 0.1261
Thamesmead is a district of south-east London, England, located in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley. It is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) east of Charing Cross.
Thamesmead is the name given to a group of disparate mainly social housing developments built from the late 1960s onwards mostly on former marshland on the southern banks of the River Thames, between the established towns of Woolwich and Belvedere. Originally planned to have 60,000-100,000 residents, it is now estimated to be on target for a final population of around 50,000 people.
Most of the land area of Thamesmead previously formed about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of the old Royal Arsenal site that extended over Plumstead Marshes and Erith Marshes. There is some evidence of prehistoric human occupation of the area - flints, animal bone and charcoal were found in bore holes around Western and Central Way in 1997 by the Museum of London Archaeological Service (MOLAS). In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way found evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century. After the Roman era, river levels rose again and the area reverted to marshland. According to Hasted, some areas of this marshland were drained by 1279 by the monks of Lesnes Abbey.
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The Fridge
The Fridge is a nightclub in the Brixton area of South London, founded by Andrew Czezowski, who had run the Roxy during punk music's heyday in 1977. It was originally started in 1981, in a small club at 390 Brixton Lane, and in 1982 above Iceland in Brixton Road with a radical decor that included beat-up ice boxes and (fake) dead cats hanging from its ceiling. Early guest DJs included Keith Barker-Main, later a life-style journo/ social commentator. It claims to have been the first British club to have such innovations as video screens and a chill out lounge. The Fridge was undeniably at the heart of the early 80s New Romantic movement, and booked such acts as Eurythmics and the Pet Shop Boys before they were well known and drew famous faces such as Boy George,Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Magenta Devine, Martin Begley[who?], and Marc Almond and Grace Jones who also performed there.
In 1985, as a result of increased popularity, the club moved to its current location; a converted 1913 cinema (The Palladium Picture House) on the Town Hall Parade. The Fridge became famous for its Africa Centre nights, playing hip hop and funk hosted by UK group Soul II Soul. Since then it has hosted a variety of club nights most notably Daisy Chain (1987-1990) mostly dance music, trance and more recently mainly hard dance.
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The Hayward
The Hayward Gallery is an art gallery within the Southbank Centre, part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames, in central London, England. It is sited adjacent to the other Southbank Centre buildings (the Royal Festival Hall and the Queen Elizabeth Hall/Purcell Room) and also the Royal National Theatre and British Film Institute. Following a rebranding of the South Bank Centre to Southbank Centre in early 2007, the Hayward Gallery was known as the Hayward until early 2011.
The Hayward Gallery was built by Higgs and Hill and opened on 9 July 1968. Its massing and extensive use of exposed concrete construction are typical of Brutalist architecture. The initial concept was designed, with the Queen Elizabeth Hall and Purcell Room, as an addition to the Southbank Centre arts complex by team leader Norman Engleback, assisted by Ron Herron and Warren Chalk, two members of the later founded group Archigram, of the Department of Architecture and Civic Design of the Greater London Council. Warren Chalk then developed the site plan and connective first floor walkways, while Ron Herron worked on the acoustics for the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Alan Waterhouse, then Dennis Crompton, worked on the designs for the Hayward. The building is named after Sir Isaac Hayward, a former leader of the London County Council, the GLC's predecessor. Joanna Drew was the founding Director and Ralph Rugoff is the current Director (as of mid 2006).
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The Oval
The Oval, referred to as the Kia Oval due to a commercial sponsorship deal, is an international cricket ground in Kennington, in the London Borough of Lambeth. In the past it was also sometimes called the Kennington Oval. In past years it was officially named as the 'Fosters Oval', 'AMP Oval', 'Brit Insurance Oval', due to previous commercial sponsorship deals.
The Oval is the home ground of Surrey County Cricket Club, and also traditionally hosts the final Test match of each English summer season in late August or early September. The Oval was the first ground in the United Kingdom and second in the world (after the Melbourne Cricket Ground) to host Test cricket.
The nearest Tube station is Oval, but Vauxhall is only half a mile away.
In 1844, Kennington Oval was a market garden. The Oval was then (and still is) owned by the Duchy of Cornwall. Surrey County Cricket Club was set up in 1845. The Duchy was willing to grant a lease of the land for the purpose of a cricket ground, and, on 10 March 1845, the club signed a lease with the Otter Trustees, who held the land from the Duchy of Cornwall, 'to convert it into a subscription cricket ground', for 31 years at a rent of £120 per annum plus taxes (£20 more). The original contract for turfing the Oval cost £300; 10,000 grass turfs came from Tooting Common.
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Tilbury
Coordinates: 51°27′38″N 0°21′30″E / 51.4606°N 0.3582°E / 51.4606; 0.3582
Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. As a settlement it is of relatively recent existence, although it has important historical connections, being the location of a 16th century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. It is also the location of a modern deep-water port.
The name of the present town of Tilbury is derived (by way of the port) from the nearby settlements of East and West Tilbury. The name of these settlements is derived from the Saxon burgh, "fortified place", either belonging to Tila, or perhaps at a lowland place. The 8th century spelling (Bede) was "Tilaburg", and the spelling in Domesday was "Tilberia".
Tilbury’s history is closely connected with its geographical location (see below). Its counterpart on the south bank of the River Thames, Gravesend, has long been an important communications link, and it was there that a cross-river ferry (see below) was connected, mainly due to the narrowness of the river at this point. In addition, Gravesend and Northfleet (also on the south shore) both became vitally important to shipping on the Thames: the former as the first port of call for foreign shipping bound for London, and the latter as a naval dockyard.
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Tolworth
Coordinates: 51°22′48″N 0°16′51″W / 51.3799°N 0.2807°W / 51.3799; -0.2807
Tolworth is a mostly residential area of outer South London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include: New Malden, Kingston, Surbiton, Berrylands, Chessington, Ewell and Worcester Park.
Tolworth, in the Domesday Book, was called Taleorde. Its Domesday assets were held partly by Picot from Richard de Tonebrige and partly by Radulf (Ralph) from the Bishop of Bayeux. It rendered: 2½ hides; also 4 hides with Long Ditton; 1 mill without dues, 8 ploughs, 10½ acres and ½ rod of meadow. It rendered £6.
An extensive low-lying development of 1940s single storey brick buildings, bounded by the A3 to the north and the rail line to the south, was occupied by the Ministry of Defence and the Directorate of Overseas Surveys but after remaining empty for some years it was demolished in 2008 and the site currently awaits redevelopment.
In the 1930s, '40s and '50s the clay extraction requirements of a brick factory north of the A3 off Red Lion Road (now Red Lion Industrial Park) produced a large water-filled pit (known locally as "The Bluey") which was used as a landfill site for bomb-damage and industrial material removed from bomb-sites resulting from the "Blitz". This land has been reclaimed and is now a recreation ground. The Civil Defence Corps used to have a training site with a full-size mock-up of a bomb-damaged housing estate.
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Tooting
Coordinates: 51°25′41″N 0°09′54″W / 51.4280°N 0.1650°W / 51.4280; -0.1650
Tooting is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Tooting has been settled since pre-Saxon times. The name is of Anglo-Saxon origin but the meaning is disputed. It could mean the people of Tota where Tota may have been a local Anglo-Saxon chieftain. Alternatively it could be derived from an old meaning of the verb to tout, to look out. There may have been a watchtower here on the road to London and hence the people of the look-out post.
The Romans built a road, which was later named Stane Street by the English, from London (Londinium) to Chichester (Noviomagus Regnorum), and which passed through Tooting. Tooting High Street is built on this road. In Saxon times, Tooting and Streatham (then Toting-cum-Stretham) was given to the Abbey of Chertsey. Later, Suene (Sweyn), believed to be a Viking, may have been given all or part of the land. In 933, King Athelstan of England is thought to have confirmed lands including Totinge (Tooting) to Chertsey Abbey.
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Tottenham
Coordinates: 51°35′49″N 0°04′16″W / 51.597°N 0.071°W / 51.597; -0.071
Tottenham (local /ˈtɒʔnəm/) is an area of north London in the London Borough of Haringey, England, situated 6.6 miles (10.6 km) north north east of Charing Cross.
Tottenham is believed to have been named after Tota, a farmer, whose hamlet was mentioned in the Domesday Book; hence Tota's hamlet became Tottenham. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Toteham.
There has been a settlement at Tottenham for over a thousand years. It grew up along the old Roman road, Ermine Street (some of which is part of the present A10 road), and between High Cross and Tottenham Hale, the present Monument Way.
When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086, about 70 families lived within the area of the manor, mostly labourers working for the Lord of the Manor. A humorous poem entitled the Tournament of Tottenham, written around 1400, describes a mock-battle between peasants vying for the reeve's daughter.
In 1894, Tottenham was made an urban district and on 27 September 1934 it became a municipal borough. As from 1 April 1965, the municipal borough formed part of the London Borough of Haringey.
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Tulse Hill
Coordinates: 51°26′43″N 0°06′33″W / 51.4452°N 0.1091°W / 51.4452; -0.1091
Tulse Hill is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in South London, England. It lies to the south of Brixton, east of Brixton Hill, north of West Norwood and west of West Dulwich.
The area known as Tulse Hill is part of the former Manor or Manors of Bodley, Upgroves and Scarlettes whose precise boundaries are now uncertain. The name of the area comes from the Tulse family who came into ownership of farmland in the area during the period of the Commonwealth in the 1650s.Sir Henry Tulse was Lord Mayor of London in 1683 and his daughter Elizabeth married the Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow. The land remained in Onslow ownership until 1789 when most of it was purchased by William Cole. The estate was further divided on Cole's death in 1807.
The western part was left to "Mercy Cressingham, spinster" (now commemorated by the Cressingham Gardens estate in the area) and the eastern part -now mostly occupied by Brockwell Park - was left to Richard Ogbourne who promptly sold it on to John Blades.
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Twickenham
Coordinates: 51°26′55″N 0°20′13″W / 51.4486°N 0.3369°W / 51.4486; -0.3369
Twickenham is a large suburban town 10 miles (16 km) southwest of central London. It is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. As part of the suburban growth of London in the twentieth century, the town expanded and increased in population, becoming established as the Municipal Borough of Twickenham in 1926; it has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as 'Tuican hom' and 'Tuiccanham') in a charter of 13 June 704 AD to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, 'for the salvation of our souls'. The charter is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Upminster
Coordinates: 51°33′21″N 0°15′04″E / 51.555743°N 0.251239°E / 51.555743; 0.251239
Upminster is a suburban town in northeast London, England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Located 16.5 miles (26.6 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross, it is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan, and comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It was historically a rural village in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish. Although peripheral to London, the town has good transport links; it was first connected to central London by rail in 1885 and has a station on the London Underground network. The economic history of Upminster is characterised by a shift from farming to garden suburb. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Upminster significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The placename Upminster is first recorded in 1062 as Upmynstre and is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Upmunstra. It is formed from Old English upp and mynster, meaning the large church on high ground. The high ground of the parish church being in relation to the valley of the River Ingrebourne and the Upminster Bridge over the river shares the name. An alternative explanation suggests the upp could refer to the geographical relationship to a church at Barking or Tilbury in Anglo-Saxon times (cf. Southminster and Bradwell-juxta-Mare).
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Upper Clapton
Coordinates: 51°34′13″N 0°03′30″W / 51.5702°N 0.0583°W / 51.5702; -0.0583
Upper Clapton is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bounded by the Hackney districts of Stamford Hill to the west, Lower Clapton and Lea Bridge to the south and the Haringey district of South Tottenham to the north. To the east is the River Lea (spelled Lea or Lee), on the other side of which is the expanse of the Walthamstow Marshes, part of which is in the Lee Valley Park.
As is frequently the case with London districts, these boundaries have become uncertain because of the meeting of the developing expansion of the original settlements. Western parts of the area are often considered part of a wider Stamford Hill, understandable perhaps because of the public transport junction and shopping area at Stamford Broadway, and that the Hassidic Jewish community identified as being located in Stamford Hill extends into Upper Clapton.
Clapton was from 1339 until the 18th century normally rendered as Clopton, meaning the "farm on the hill". The Old English clop - "lump" or "hill" - presumably denoted the high ground which rises from the River Lea. Eventually encompassing the north-eastern quarter of the parish, Clapton grew up along the way which in 1745 was called Hackney Lane, part of which ran through Broad (later Clapton) Common. Building spread to meet streets east of the high road and north of Homerton in the 19th century. Manorial courts from the early 19th century distinguished the parts north and south of Lea Bridge Road as Upper and Lower Clapton, and those names soon passed into general use. Hackney Lane came to be known as Lower and Upper Clapton roads, until in the late 19th century the stretch through the common to Stamford Hill was named Clapton Common.
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Upper Norwood
Coordinates: 51°25′11″N 0°05′16″W / 51.4196°N 0.0877°W / 51.4196; -0.0877
Upper Norwood is an elevated area in south London, England within the postcode SE19. It is a residential district largely in the London Borough of Croydon although some parts extend into the London Borough of Lambeth, London Borough of Southwark and the London Borough of Bromley. Upper Norwood borders West Norwood, West Dulwich, South Norwood, Norbury, Anerley and Thornton Heath. Historically it was in the county of Surrey.
Upper Norwood is situated along the London clay ridge known as Beulah Hill. Most housing stock dates from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with large detached properties on the peak of the ridge and smaller semi-detached and terraced dwelling on its flanks. There are some more modern areas of social housing that date from the 1970s. The hill offers panoramic views northward to central London and southward to central Croydon and the North Downs.
The area is one of the highest in the London area and for centuries was occupied by the Great North Wood, an extensive area of natural oak forest which formed a wilderness close to the southern edge of the ever-expanding city of London. The name 'Norwood' comes from a contraction of the 'North Wood'. Local legend has it that Sir Francis Drake's ship, The Golden Hind, had its timbers cut from trees in this area. The forest was a popular area for Londoners' recreation right up to the nineteenth century when it began to be built over. It was also a haunt of Gypsies with many local street names and pubs recording the link, notably Gipsy Hill. The area still retains large amounts of woodland for an urban situation.
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Uxbridge
Coordinates: 51°32′25″N 0°28′40″W / 51.5404°N 0.4778°W / 51.5404; -0.4778
Uxbridge ( /ˈʌksbrɪdʒ/) is a large town located in west London, England and is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. It forms part of the ceremonial county of Greater London. It is located 15 miles (24.1 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It historically formed part of the parish of Hillingdon in the county of Middlesex and was a significant local commercial centre from an early time. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century it expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1955 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Uxbridge is a significant retail and commercial centre, and is the location of Brunel University and the Uxbridge campus of Buckinghamshire New University. The town is close to the boundary with Buckinghamshire, which is locally the River Colne.
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Vauxhall
Coordinates: 51°29′25″N 0°07′09″W / 51.4903°N 0.1193°W / 51.4903; -0.1193
Vauxhall ( /ˈvɒks.ɔːl/) is an inner city area of Central London in the London Borough of Lambeth. It was once in the historic county of Surrey.
It has also given its name to the Vauxhall Parliamentary Constituency, which also includes parts of Brixton and Clapham, and to the Vauxhall Motors car manufacturer, which originated in the area, as well as to the Russian word for a large railroad station (see below).
In 1998, Vauxhall became part of the borough's North Lambeth town centre, for local government administrative purposes.
It is generally accepted that the etymology of Vauxhall is from the name of Falkes de Breauté, the head of King John's mercenaries, who owned a large house in the area which was referred to as Faulke's Hall, later Foxhall, and eventually Vauxhall. The area only became generally known by this name when the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens opened as a public attraction. Initially most visitors would have approached by river, but crowds of Londoners of all classes came to know the area after the construction of Westminster Bridge in the 1740s.
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Vietnam
Vietnam (
listen), formally the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam; listen), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 91.5 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. The First Indochina War eventually led to the expulsion of the French in 1954, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
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Walthamstow
Coordinates: 51°35′02″N 0°01′16″W / 51.584°N 0.0211°W / 51.584; -0.0211
Walthamstow is a district of northeast London, England, located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is situated 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Walthamstow is bordered to the north by Chingford, south by Leyton and Leytonstone, east by the southern reaches of Epping Forest at Woodford and west by Tottenham and the River Lea valley. Leyton High Road, Hoe Street, Chingford Road, Chingford Mount (passing south-north through Walthamstow and its neighbouring towns) form part of an ancient route from London to Waltham Abbey.
Walthamstow is recorded c. 1075 as Wilcumestowe ("The Place of Welcome") and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wilcumestou.King John visited Shern Hall (Shernhall Street), in 1213; the building survived until 1896. At one point Walthamstow was just a culmination of five small villages, and affairs were discussed at Vestry House, acting as the first town hall. In 1870 it had grown to the size of a small suburb and a town hall was built in Orford Road from which affairs of the village were run ( which now takes place in Forest Road - since 1941). Until the 19th century it was largely rural, with a small village centre (now Walthamstow Village — see below) and a number of large estates. The main route through the district, was the aforementioned Hoe Street. Additionally, there were various smaller lanes, crossing the town. The road now known as Forest Road was originally named Clay Street. Further south, the High Street was named Marsh Street, and led from the original settlement out to the marshes. Shernhall Street is an ancient route, as is Wood Street, to the east.
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Wandsworth
Coordinates: 51°27′52″N 0°11′33″W / 51.4644°N 0.1924°W / 51.4644; -0.1924
Wandsworth is a district of south London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Wandsworth takes its name from the River Wandle, which enters the Thames at Wandsworth. Wandsworth appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Wandesorde and Wendelesorde. This means 'enclosure of (a man named) Waendel', whose name is also lent to the River Wandle. To distinguish it from the London Borough of Wandsworth, and historically from the Wandsworth District of the Metropolis and the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth, which all covered larger areas, it is also known as Wandsworth Town.
It was held partly by William, son of Ansculfy, and partly by St Wandrille's Abbey. Its Domesday assets were 12 hides, with 5½ ploughs and 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered £9. Since at least the early 16th century, Wandsworth has offered accommodation to consecutive waves of immigration, from Protestant Dutch metalworkers fleeing persecution in the 1590s to recent Eastern European members of the European Union.
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Wanstead
Coordinates: 51°34′40″N 0°01′43″E / 51.577792°N 0.028589°E / 51.577792; 0.028589
Wanstead is a suburban area in the London Borough of Redbridge, North-East London. The main road going through Wanstead is the A12. The name is from the Anglo-Saxon words wænn and stede, meaning "settlement on a small hill".
The town has a largely suburban feel, containing open grasslands such as Wanstead Flats, and the woodland of Wanstead Park (part of Epping Forest). The park, with artificial lakes, was originally part of the estate of a large stately home Wanstead House, one of the finest Palladian mansions in Britain, from its size and splendour nicknamed the English Versailles, and the architectural inspiration for Mansion House, London. It was demolished after the bankruptcy of the owner, William Wellesley-Long, in 1824. It is also home to Wanstead Golf club, which has hosted many of the major events in the Essex County calendar. A notable landmark towards the northern edge of Wanstead is the former Wanstead Hospital building, now a housing complex. A small annex of the old Burns Unit is now used for research on Flu vaccines and bovine diseases.
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Wapping
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°03′40″W / 51.5073°N 0.0610°W / 51.5073; -0.0610
Wapping (/ˈwɒpɪŋ/ WOP-ing) is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway. Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs.
Many of the original buildings were demolished during the construction of the London Docks and Wapping was further seriously damaged during the Blitz. As the London Docklands declined after the Second World War, the area became run down, with the great warehouses left empty. The area's fortunes were transformed during the 1980s by the London Docklands Development Corporation when the warehouses started to be converted into luxury flats.
Rupert Murdoch moved his News International printing and publishing works into Wapping in 1986, resulting in a trade union dispute that became known as the "Battle of Wapping".
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Waterloo Bridge
Waterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The name of the bridge is in memory of the Anglo-Dutch and Prussian victory at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Thanks to its location at a strategic bend in the river, the views of London (Westminster, the South Bank and London Eye to the west, the City of London and Canary Wharf to the east) from the bridge are widely held to be the finest from any spot at ground level.
The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809-10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of 120 feet (36.6 m) span, separated by double Grecian-Doric stone columns and was 2,456 feet (748.6 m) long, including approaches. Before its opening it was known as 'Strand Bridge'. During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1841 the American daredevil Samuel Gilbert Scott was killed while performing an act in which he hung by a rope from a scaffold on the bridge. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem The Bridge of Sighs about the suicide of a prostitute there. Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and the English Romantic, John Constable. The bridge was nationalised in 1878 and given to the Metropolitan Board of Works, who removed the toll from it.
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Waterloo, London
Coordinates: 51°30′05″N 0°06′43″W / 51.5013°N 0.1120°W / 51.5013; -0.1120
Waterloo is a district of London, England, and part of the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Charing Cross. The area is part of a business improvement district known as Waterloo Quarter, which includes The Cut and the Old Vic and Young Vic theatres, including some sections in the London Borough of Southwark.
The area was marshland towards the northern tip of the ancient parish of Lambeth. It was known as Lambeth Marshe, but was drained in the 18th century and is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name.
Waterloo is connected to the Strand area on the north bank of the River Thames by Waterloo Bridge. The first bridge on the site was opened in 1817 and the current bridge was opened in 1945. The bridge was named to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Waterloo Road also dates from this time, built on land belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Church of St John the Evangelist, Waterloo Road was constructed from 1822 by the Commissioners for Building New Churches as the population of the parish of Lambeth had significantly increased. After the opening of Waterloo railway station in 1848 the locality around the station and Lower Marsh became known as Waterloo.
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Wealdstone
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°20′00″W / 51.5934°N 0.3333°W / 51.5934; -0.3333
Wealdstone is a largely working-class and recent immigrant district in the London Borough of Harrow, north west London.
The eponymous Weald Stone is a sarsen stone, formerly marking the boundary between the parish of Harrow and Harrow Weald. It is located outside the Weald Stone Inn (formerly the Red Lion), off High Road, Harrow Weald 51°36′16″N 0°20′23″W / 51.6045°N 0.3396°W / 51.6045; -0.3396 (Weald Stone).
The Harrow Leisure Centre [1] is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, Badminton, Snooker, Martial Arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness. One of the country's oldest skate parks, Harrow Skate Park, is next to the leisure centre. The park is a centre of the British skateboarding scene and draws visitors from all over the country.
Wealdstone F.C. have had a long association with Wealdstone. Now based in Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon, they were hoping to move to a new ground at Prince Edward Fields, Canons Park.
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Welling
Coordinates: 51°27′34″N 0°06′35″E / 51.4594°N 0.1097°E / 51.4594; 0.1097
Welling is a district in the London Borough of Bexley, South East London. It is a suburban development situated between Shooter's Hill and Bexleyheath north of the A2 road and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
The East Wickham part of Welling is probably one of the oldest settlements in this area. A Neolithic stone axe was found in East Wickham in 1910 and more recently in 1989 the remains of Roman buildings were unearthed near Danson.
Before the coming of the railway, with the opening of the Bexleyheath Line on 1 May 1895, Welling was a village on the main road between London and Kent (Watling Street). It had been a traditional staging post for coaches; the presence of three inns along the main road is the result of that.
After World War I, Bexley Urban District Council built over 400 houses north of the railway. Later, when the Danson estate was sold to developers, the land to the south was opened up to suburban sprawl and the settlement incorporated the local parishes of St Michael's East Wickham and St Johns Welling.
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Wembley
Coordinates: 51°33′22″N 0°18′15″W / 51.5560°N 0.3042°W / 51.5560; -0.3042
Wembley is an area of northwest London, England, and part of the London Borough of Brent. It is home to the famous Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena. Anciently part of the parish of Harrow on the Hill in the county of Middlesex, Wembley formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1937.
Wembley is derived from the Old English proper name "Wemba" and the Old English "Lea" for meadow or clearing. The name was first mentioned in the charter of 825 of King Beornwulf.
The village of Wemba Lea grew up on the hill by the clearing with the Harrow Road south of it. Much of the surrounding area remained wooded. In 1547 there were but six houses in Wembley. Though small, it was one of the wealthiest parts of Harrow. At the dissolution of the monasteries, the manor of Wembley fell to Richard Andrews and Leonard Chamberlayne in 1543, who sold it to Richard Page Esq. of Harrow on the Hill the same year.
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West Dulwich
Coordinates: 51°26′00″N 0°05′00″W / 51.43333°N 0.08333°W / 51.43333; -0.08333
West Dulwich is an area in southeast London, England, that straddles the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark. Croxted Road and South Croxted Road mark the boundary between London Borough of Southwark on the east and London Borough of Lambeth to the west. The South London suburb dates back to the 17th century when the often flooded land known as Dulwich Common was acquired and drained by Edward Alleyn's estate. Best known for the respected Dulwich College, the Dulwich Estate is an affluent residential area which has a sleepier feel to it than that of neighbouring areas such as East Dulwich or West Norwood.
West Dulwich has two main parades of shops, the main one being on the Park Hall road junction, where Croxted Road becomes South Croxted Road. Shops there include Tesco, and a number of high end or independent shops. The other parade is on Rosendale Road which features more typical local shops. The Rosendale Pub was redeveloped into a Gastropub and was awarded the title of TimeOut London Best Gastropub 2007. There is a talk of further developments on this stretch of road to capitalise on the success of the Rosendale. Another upscale eatery is Beauberry House, which is set in the grounds of Belair Park opposite West Dulwich railway station. Slightly further afield is the shopping area of Norwood Road and West Norwood which has a selection of national retail outlets.
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West Ham
Coordinates: 51°32′05″N 0°00′28″E / 51.5347°N 0.00769°E / 51.5347; 0.00769
West Ham is in the London Borough of Newham in London, England. In the west it is a post-industrial neighbourhood abutting the site of the London Olympic Park and in the east it is mostly residential, consisting of Victorian terraced housing interspersed with higher density post-War social housing. The area has been one of the most deprived in the country and as part of the New Deal for Communities programme it forms, with neighbouring Plaistow, a regeneration area. The place lends its name to West Ham United F.C..
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. The earliest recorded use of West Ham, as distinct from East Ham, is in 1186 as Westhamma. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
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West Indian
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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West Indies
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Westminster
Coordinates: 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333
Westminster /ˈwɛsᵗmɪnstə/ is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It has a large concentration of London's historic and prestigious landmarks and visitor attractions, including the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, and Westminster Cathedral.
Historically a part of Middlesex, the name Westminster was the ancient description for the area around Westminster Abbey – the West Minster, or monastery church, that gave the area its name – which has been the seat of the government of England (and later the British government) for almost a thousand years. Westminster is the location of the Palace of Westminster, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which houses the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The name Westminster describes the area around Westminster Abbey and Palace of Westminster. Its name derives from the West Minster, or monastery church, west of the City of London's St Paul's. The area has been the seat of the government of England for almost a thousand years. The name is also used for the larger City of Westminster which covers a wider geographical area; and, since 1965, has included the former boroughs of Marylebone and Paddington.
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Westminster Bridge
Coordinates: 51°30′03″N 0°07′19″W / 51.50083°N 0.12194°W / 51.50083; -0.12194
Westminster Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames between Westminster on the north side and Lambeth on the south side, in London, England.
The bridge is painted predominantly green, the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of the Palace of Westminster nearest the bridge. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.
In 2005-2007 it underwent a complete refurbishment, including replacing the iron fascias and repainting the whole bridge. It links the Palace of Westminster on the west side of the river with County Hall and the London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.
The next bridge downstream is Hungerford footbridge and upstream is Lambeth Bridge. The bridge was designated a Grade II* listed structure in 1981.
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Whitechapel
Coordinates: 51°30′59″N 0°04′30″W / 51.5165°N 0.0750°W / 51.5165; -0.0750
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the south. The resident population are of varied ethnic origin, primarily Bengali. It is notably best known for being the location of the infamous Jack the Ripper murders in the late 1880s. The murderer was never identified, although rumours suggest over 100 names.
Whitechapel's heart is Whitechapel High Street, extending further east as Whitechapel Road, named after a small chapel of ease dedicated to St Mary. The church's earliest known rector was Hugh de Fulbourne in 1329 and around 1338 it became the parish church of Whitechapel, called, for unknown reasons, St Mary Matfelon. The church was destroyed through enemy action in World War II and its location and graveyard is now a public garden on the south side of the road.
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Willesden
Coordinates: 51°32′48″N 0°13′46″W / 51.5468°N 0.2295°W / 51.5468; -0.2295
Willesden is an area in North West London which forms part of the London Borough of Brent. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) north west of Charing Cross. The area has strong links to Ireland and has a sizable Irish population, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean community.
The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon Willesdune, meaning The Hill of the Spring, and a settlement bearing this name dates back to 939 AD. The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Wellesdone. However, on 19th century maps of the town such as those from the 'Ordnance Survey First Series', the town is shown as Wilsdon. . The town's motto is Laborare est orare ("to labour is to pray").[citation needed]
From the 14th to 16th centuries, the town was a place of pilgrimage due to the presence of two ancient statues of the Virgin Mary at the Church of St Mary. One of these statues is thought to be a Black Madonna, which was insulted by the Lollards, taken to Thomas Cromwell's house and burnt in 1538 on a large bonfire of "notable images" including those of Walsingham, Worcester and Ipswich. There was also a "holy well" which was thought to possess miraculous qualities, particularly for blindness and other eye disorders.
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Wimbledon, London
Coordinates: 51°25′25″N 0°13′02″W / 51.4235°N 0.2171°W / 51.4235; -0.2171
Wimbledon is a district in the south west area of London, England, located south of Wandsworth, and east of Kingston upon Thames. It is situated within Greater London. It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London. The residential area is split into two sections known as the "village" and the "town", with the High Street being part of the original medieval village, and the "town" being part of the modern development since the building of the railway station in 1838.
Wimbledon has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age when the hill fort on Wimbledon Common is thought to have been constructed. In 1087 when the Domesday Book was compiled, Wimbledon was part of the manor of Mortlake. The ownership of the manor of Wimbledon changed between various wealthy families many times during its history, and the area also attracted other wealthy families who built large houses such as Eagle House, Wimbledon House and Warren House. The village developed with a stable rural population coexisting alongside nobility and wealthy merchants from the city. In the 18th century the Dog and Fox public house became a stop on the stagecoach run from London to Portsmouth, then in 1838 the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) opened a station to the south east of the village at the bottom of Wimbledon hill. The location of the station shifted the focus of the town's subsequent growth away from the original village centre.
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Wood Green
Coordinates: 51°35′53″N 0°06′54″W / 51.5981°N 0.1149°W / 51.5981; -0.1149
Wood Green is a district in north London, England, located in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated 6.7 miles (10.8 km) north of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London.
In the latter half of the 19th century and before urbanisation Wood Green was part of Tottenham and covered by woodland called Tottenham Wood, hence the original name of the area, Tottenham Wood Green.
In 1894 Wood Green was created as an urban district, and later a municipal borough, of Middlesex. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, the Municipal Borough of Wood Green was abolished and its area merged with that of the Municipal Borough of Tottenham and the Municipal Borough of Hornsey to form the present-day London Borough of Haringey.
The constituency of Wood Green was created in 1918, and existed until 1983, when it was split. Some of the constituency was transferred to the neighbouring seat of Tottenham, Most was merged with the Hornsey parliamentary constituency to form the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency. Since 2005, the seat has been represented in the House of Commons by the Liberal Democrat MP, Lynne Featherstone.
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Woodford, London
Coordinates: 51°36′17″N 0°01′47″E / 51.60475°N 0.02979°E / 51.60475; 0.02979
Woodford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England, occupying the north-western part of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located approximately 9.5 miles (15.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is divided into the neighbourhoods of Woodford Green, Woodford Bridge and South Woodford. It was historically a string of agrarian villages surrounded by Epping Forest in the county of Essex until the clearing of the forest and improvement in communications caused the local economy to shift away from agriculture. As part of the suburban growth of London at the turn of the 20th century, Woodford significantly increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Wanstead in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Woodford appears in the 1086 Domesday Book as Wdefort, although its earliest recorded use is earlier in 1062 as Wudeford. The name is Old English and means 'ford in or by the wood'. The ford refers to a crossing of the River Roding, which was replaced with a bridge by 1238; this led to the renaming of part of the district as Woodford Bridge by 1805. Similarly, part of the district gained the contemporary name of Woodford Green by 1883.
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Woolwich
Coordinates: 51°29′46″N 0°04′05″E / 51.4961°N 0.0681°E / 51.4961; 0.0681
Woolwich ( /ˈwʊlɪtʃ/ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/) is a district in south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Woolwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. It is notable as a river crossing point, having the Woolwich Ferry (and the lesser-known Woolwich foot tunnel) to North Woolwich, and as the one-time home of the Woolwich Building Society (now owned by Barclays plc).
In 1796 Daniel Lysons wrote, "this place in old charters is called Hulviz, Wolwiche, Wollewic, &c. I can find nothing satisfactory relating to its etymology." But it is now generally believed that the name Woolwich derives from the Anglo-Saxon name, "trading place for wool". Woolwich has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age, and a Roman fort was found in the current Riverside park.
Woolwich remained a small Kentish village until it started to become a leading military and industrial town. It was home to the Woolwich Dockyard (founded in 1512), the Royal Arsenal (dating back to 1471), the Royal Military Academy (1741) and the Royal Horse Artillery (1793); the town still retains an army base at the Royal Artillery Barracks (although 16RA Royal Artillery left in 2007, Woolwich Barracks still house the Royal Artillery Band and more recently Second Battalion Princess of Wales Royal Regiment and Kings Troop Royal Horse Artillery), and the Royal Artillery Museum, Firepower. The nearby Greenwich Heritage Centre also houses exhibits relating to the Royal Arsenal.
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Worcester Park
Coordinates: 51°22′31″N 0°14′20″W / 51.3752°N 0.2390°W / 51.3752; -0.2390
Worcester Park is in South West London, England covering both the extreme north west of the London Borough of Sutton in Greater London (east of the railway line that runs through the area), part of the Borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey (west of the railway) and The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. The area is 10.2 miles (16.4 km) south west of Charing Cross. Part of the suburb comprises Worcester Park ward, an electoral area of the London Borough of Sutton with a population in 2007 of 10,240.
The Worcester Park post town, which is coterminous with the KT4 postcode district, covers all of the suburb and extends also into the south eastern periphery of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. While Worcester Park is part of Greater London, the postal address remains as Surrey which it formed part of before the creation of Greater London in 1965.
The Beverley Brook runs through Worcester Park and alongside Green Lane down past Green Lane Primary School. Green Lane itself appears in the Domesday Book. The Huntsmans Hall (now Midas Touch) was situated on what was the far boundary of hunting ground for Henry VIII.
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Abdullah el-Faisal
Abdullah el-Faisal (born Trevor William Forest, also known as Abdullah al-Faisal, Sheikh Faisal, Sheik Faisal, and Imam Al-Jamaikee, born (1963-09-10) 10 September 1963 (age 48), in Saint James Parish, Jamaica) is a Muslim cleric who preached in the United Kingdom until he was convicted of stirring up racial hatred and urging his followers to murder Jews, Hindus, Christians, and Americans.
El-Faisal was sentenced to nine years in prison, of which he served four years before being deported to Jamaica in 2007. He subsequently traveled to Africa, but was deported from Botswana in 2009 and from Kenya back to Jamaica in January 2010.
El-Faisal was born to an evangelical Christian family which belonged to the Salvation Army church, a Christian denomination. He grew up in the small farming village of Point, about 14 miles from the city of Montego Bay, in upper St. James, Jamaica. He attended Springfield All-Age, then Maldon Primary and Junior High. At age 16, he converted to Islam, after being introduced to the religion by a teacher at Maldon High School.
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Alex Wheatle
Alex Alphonso Wheatle MBE (3 January 1963) is an award winning black British novelist of Jamaican heritage, sentenced to a term of imprisonment after the Brixton riots.
Wheatle spent much of his childhood in a Surrey children's home. At 16 he was a founder member of the Crucial Rocker sound system; his DJ name was Yardman Irie. He wrote lyrics about everyday Brixton life. By 1980 Wheatle was living in a social services hostel in Brixton, South London. He participated in the 1981 Brixton riots and aftermath. While serving his resulting sentence he read authors such as Chester Himes, Richard Wright, C. L. R. James and John Steinbeck.
He has since spoken about the Brixton riots, most prominently in the 2006 BBC programme "Battle for Brixton". His early books are based on his life in Brixton as a teenager and his time in social services care.
Wheatle was awarded London Arts Board New Writers Award for East of Acre Lane.
In the Queen's Birthday Honours 2008, Wheatle was awarded the MBE for services to literature.
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Black Uhuru
Black Uhuru are a Jamaican reggae group formed in 1972, initially as Uhuru (Swahili for 'freedom'). The group has undergone several line-up changes over the years, with Duckie Simpson always maintaining group control and ownership. Their album Anthem, featuring the hit single "What is Life?" won the first ever Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 1985.
The group formed in the Waterhouse district of Kingston in 1972, initially called simply "Uhuru" (the Swahili word for freedom), with a line-up of Derrick "Duckie" Gong Simpson, founder and CEO, Garth Dennis,and lastly Don Carlos Their first release was a cover version of Curtis Mayfield's "Romancing to the Folk Song", which was followed by "Time is on Our Side"; Neither song was a success and they split up, with Carlos pursuing a solo career, as did Dennis, before joining The Wailing Souls. Simpson also briefly worked with the Wailing Souls, before forming a new version of Uhuru with Errol Nelson (of The Jayes) and Michael Rose, the group now taking the name Black Sounds Uhuru. Their Prince Jammy-produced debut album, Love Crisis, was released in 1977.
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Brian Paddick
Brian Leonard Paddick (born 24 April 1958) is a British politician, and was the Liberal Democrat candidate for the London mayoral election, 2012. He was, until his retirement in May 2007, Deputy Assistant Commissioner in London's Metropolitan Police Service and the United Kingdom's most senior openly gay police officer.
Paddick joined the Metropolitan Police Service in 1976. Rising through the ranks, he was appointed the officer in charge of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) at Notting Hill in 1995, then returned to New Scotland Yard, first as Superintendent of the Personnel Department in 1996 and then as Chief Superintendent in 1997. In December 2000 he was appointed Police Commander for the London Borough of Lambeth where he worked until 2002.
In the latter capacity, Paddick attracted controversy by instructing his police officers not to arrest or charge people found with cannabis so that they could focus on crimes that were affecting the quality of life in the borough to a greater extent. The situation worsened when The Mail on Sunday published a false story by Paddick's former partner that alleged, among other things, he had used cannabis and was an anarchist[citation needed]. In late 2002 the Crown Prosecution Service decided that no charges would be brought against him, and in December 2003 Paddick and the Mail on Sunday settled legal proceedings brought by him, with the newspaper accepting that the story was false, apologising, and paying damages.
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British Bangladeshi
A British Bangladeshi (Bengali: ব্রিটিশ বাংলাদেশি) is a person of Bangladeshi origin who resides in the United Kingdom having emigrated to the UK and attained citizenship through naturalisation or whose parents did so; they are also known as British Bengalis. Large numbers of Bangladeshis emigrated to the UK, primarily from Sylhet, located in the north-east of the country, mainly during the 1970s. The largest concentration is in London, primarily in the east London boroughs, of which Tower Hamlets has the highest proportion, making up approximately 37% of the borough's total population. This large diaspora in London leads people in Bangladesh to refer to British Bangladeshis as "Londonis". Bangladeshis also have significant communities in Birmingham, Oldham, Luton and Bradford, with smaller clusters in Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Rochdale, Cardiff, and Sunderland.
Bangladeshis form one of the UK's largest immigrant groups and are also one of its youngest and fastest growing communities. The population of Bangladeshis in Britain has grown steadily over the years. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, 154,362 Bangladeshi-born people were resident in the UK, and there were a total of 283,063 residents of Bangladeshi ethnicity. By 2007, the ethnic Bangladeshi population in England only was estimated to be 353,900. Estimates suggest there are about 500,000 Bangladeshis residing in the UK. Bangladeshis form a largely homogeneous community. Rates of unemployment are typically high, there is overcrowding, and some health problems. The latest generation of Bangladeshis, however, form a thriving community who are beginning to establish themselves in the mainstream of commerce and politics. Despite being the most recently settled of the major South Asian communities in Britain, the Bangladeshis are well established throughout the communities.
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Buju Banton
Buju Banton (born Mark Anthony Myrie 15 July 1973) is a Jamaican dancehall, ragga, and reggae musician. Banton has recorded pop and dance songs, as well as songs dealing with sociopolitical topics.
He released early dancehall singles in 1991, but came to prominence in 1992 with two albums, including Mr. Mention, which became the best-selling album in Jamaican history upon its release. Banton signed with major label Mercury Records and released Voice of Jamaica the following year. By the mid-1990s, Banton had converted to the Rastafari faith, and his music undertook a more spiritual tone. His 2010 album Before the Dawn was the winner for Best Reggae Album at the 53rd annual Grammy Awards.
Banton gained international notoriety early on in his career for the anti-gay track "Boom Bye Bye", as well as for his 2009 arrest and conviction on drug conspiracy and firearms charges, for which he is currently serving a ten-year federal prison sentence in Federal Transfer Center with a scheduled release date of January 2019.
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Bunmi Mojekwu
Oluwabunmi Adaeze Mojekwu (born 10 February 1989) is a British actress of Nigerian descent. She is best known for playing Mercy Olubunmi in the BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Mojekwu was born in Brixton, South London, in 1989 to Nigerian parents. She is the eldest of four children. In 2006, her family moved to Kent.
Mojekwu began acting at school with a small role in The Wizard of Oz. She joined Identity Drama School in Kent in 2006 and won the school's Actress of the Year award in her first year. Mojekwu went on to play Paris in Bola Agbaje's award-winning play Gone Too Far!. In 2008, she starred as Ronnie in Channel 4's Fallout and in 2009 she got the part of Mercy Olubunmi in the Internet teen drama EastEnders: E20, a spin-off from the long-running BBC One soap opera EastEnders, which was broadcast in January 2010. Following this, she was contracted for six months to appear in EastEnders as Mercy Olubunmi. She left EastEnders on-screen on 12 July 2011.
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Carter USM
Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine (frequently shortened to Carter USM) are an English indie rock band formed in 1988 by singer Jim "Jim Bob" Morrison and guitarist Les "Fruitbat" Carter. They made their name with a distinctive style of power pop, fusing samples, sequenced basses and drum machines with rock 'n' roll guitars and off-beat wordplay-loaded lyrics. They reached the height of their fame in 1992. Over the following years the band took on new members, topping out as a six-piece, but struggled to regain their earlier popularity. They initially split up in 1998 after releasing seven albums.
Based in Lambeth in South London, England, Fruitbat and Jim Bob originally played in an indie band called Jamie Wednesday, which released two singles - "Vote For Love" and "We Three Kings of Orient Aren't". Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine was formed in 1988, when Fruitbat and Jim Bob were the only band members to turn up for a charity gig at the London Astoria, and went on stage to perform as a duo with backing tapes. The debut single "A Sheltered Life" was released later in 1988 on the Big Cat label, but it was not until the second single "Sheriff Fatman" in 1989 that the band began to receive recognition. The song was written about a South London slumlord and was followed by the album 101 Damnations – a critical account of life south of the River Thames, full of black humour, cynicism, wordplay and puns. The album went straight to the top of the indie charts.
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Cee-Lo Green
Thomas DeCarlo Callaway (born May 30, 1974), better known by his stage name Cee Lo Green, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor. Originally came to prominence as a member of the southern hip hop group Goodie Mob, later launching a critically acclaimed solo career and forming Gnarls Barkley with DJ Danger Mouse.
Internationally, Cee Lo is best known for his hip hop work, his most popular was Gnarls Barkley's 2006 worldwide hit "Crazy", which reached number one in various singles charts worldwide, including the UK. In the United States, "Crazy" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100. Parent album St. Elsewhere was also a hit, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart and number four on the US Billboard 200 album charts. Gnarls Barkley's second album, The Odd Couple (2008), was less successful and missed the top ten in both the UK and U.S., where it charted at number 12 in the U.S. and 18 in the UK.
In 2010, Cee Lo took a break from recording with Gnarls Barkley and released the single "F**k You!" on August 19 as a solo recording artist. The song was an instant hit, with the radio-edit version "Forget You" reaching the top spot in the UK and the Netherlands and charted at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The parent album, The Lady Killer (2010) saw similar success, peaking within the top five of the UK Albums Chart and debuting within the top ten on the Billboard 200 album charts, and received a Gold certification from the BPI in the UK shortly after its release. His second single "It's OK" was a hit in Europe and the third single, "Bright Lights Bigger City" has also seen similar charting success. Cee Lo is also currently a vocal coach on the NBC reality talent show The Voice with Adam Levine, Christina Aguilera, and Blake Shelton.
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CLR James
Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901 – 19 May 1989), who sometimes wrote under the pen-name J.R. Johnson, was an Afro-Trinidadian historian, journalist, socialist theorist and essayist. His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of subaltern studies, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature. His work is often associated with Caribbean and Afro-nationalism, though James himself contended that the "either-or" was a false dichotomy, and that Caribbean peoples were indebted to European as much as African cultural traditions. A tireless political activist, James's writing on the Communist International stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and his history of the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins, is a seminal text in the literature of the African Diaspora.
Characterized by one literary critic as an "anti-Stalinist dialectician", James was known for his autodidactic facility, for his occasional playwriting and fiction, and as an avid sportsman. He is also famed as a writer on cricket.
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Dan Leno
Dan Leno (20 December 1860 – 31 October 1904), born George Wild Galvin, was a leading English music hall comedian and musical theatre actor during the late Victorian era. He was perhaps best known, aside from his music hall act, for his dame roles in the annual pantomimes that were popular at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane from 1888 to 1904.
Leno was born in St Pancras, London, and began to entertain as a child. In 1864, he joined his parents on stage in their music hall act, and he made his first solo appearance, aged nine, at the Britannia Music Hall in Coventry. As a youth, he was famous for his clog dancing, and in his teen years, he became the star of his family's act. He adopted the stage name Dan Leno and, in 1884, made his first performance under that name in London. As a solo artist, he became increasingly popular during the late 1880s and 1890s, when he was one of the highest-paid comedians in the world. He developed a music hall act of talking about life's mundane subjects, mixed with comic songs and surreal observations, and created a host of mostly working-class characters to illustrate his stories. In 1901, still at the peak of his career, he performed his "Huntsman" sketch for Edward VII at Sandringham. The monarch was so impressed that Leno became publicly known as "the king's jester".
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Daniel Mulloy
Daniel Mulloy is a British artist and filmmaker. His short form film works have received over one hundred international awards.
Mulloy, a three time BAFTA award winner for his shorts work, is one of the world’s most well regarded short filmmakers.
Mulloy's short films have often premiere at the Sundance Film Festival.
Recently the British Film Institute honored Mulloy with "premature retrospectives" that they titled "Young and Restless" at Cairo International Film Festival and Haifa International Film Festival and his "collected works" have screened in festivals and galleries all over the world including MOMA, Tokyo, Prague, Paris and Saint Petersburg.
Mulloy's measured vision and huge empathy for his characters marks him out as one of the most talented directors working in the UK today.
Mulloy's (rumored)[citation needed] debut feature as writer/director is "set in a tough New York high school" (Screen International July 2011) and will star Arta Dobroshi and Melissa Leo. It is being made for Focus Features and scheduled for a 2013 release.
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( /ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee; born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.
Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture." The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.
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David Copeland
David John Copeland (born 15 May 1976) is an English Neo-Nazi militant who became known as the "London Nail Bomber" after a 13-day bombing campaign in April 1999 aimed at London's black, Bangladeshi and gay communities. Widely labelled a terrorist, Copeland was a former member of two far right political groups, the British National Party and then the National Socialist Movement.
Over three successive weekends between 17 and 30 April, Copeland placed homemade nail bombs, each containing up to 1,500 four-inch nails, in holdalls that he left in public spaces around London. The first bomb was placed outside the Iceland supermarket in Electric Avenue, Brixton, an area of south London with a large black population. The second was in Brick Lane in the East End of London, which has a large Bangladeshi community. The third was inside the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho's Old Compton Street, the heart of London's gay community. The bombs killed three people, including a pregnant woman, and injured 129, four of whom lost limbs.
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Dillinja
Dillinja, (born Karl Francis, 1974, Clapham, South London, England) is an English drum and bass DJ, record producer and entrepreneur.
Arguably the most prolific producer within the drum and bass scene (with over 500 releases produced since 1991), Francis subsequently set up Valve Recordings in partnership with long-term collaborator Lemon D (Kevin King), with whom he also designed and built the Valve Sound System. As well as the record label and sound system, Francis and King have also opened a specialist mastering and vinyl cutting studio, Ear2ground.
Albums include My Sound (1993–2004), Cybotron, as well as Big Bad Bass and The Killa-Hertz with Lemon D.
The spelling of Dillinja has changed since he started releasing vinyl, found on some older vinyl as either 'Dillinger' or 'Dillinjah'. The origin of his name is unknown but it is likely that it came from one of reggae's earliest MCs, who called himself Dillinger (real name Lester Bullocks) after the famous American gangster John Dillinger.[citation needed] Two of Dillinja's other aliases are also linked to Bullocks' contemporaries: Capone to Dennis Alcapone (born Dennis Smith) and Trinity to Junior Brammer (born Wade Brammer), both reggae deejays and producers.
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DJ EBK
EBK is a drum and bass producer and DJ from London, United Kingdom, with 10 years of releases on influential labels including Renegade Hardware and Dispatch Recordings.
EBK is an abbreviation for E-Blok, which was EBK’s DJ name in his early teens. It plays on the fact he is of Polish descent, hence Eastern Bloc, combined with the rave culture connotations of the letter ‘E’ commonly used to describe the MDMA based drug Ecstasy. EBK used to be a graffiti writer in London during the mid 90s, though not using the name EBK, the spelling and three letter abbreviation of EBK follow the street-style formula for writing crew names during that era.
EBK cut his teeth as a teenager in the 1990s DJing Jungle on pirate and internet radio stations including Flex FM and interFACE (www.Pirate-Radio.org) before becoming the co-founder of Composite Records a label that at the turn of the millennium was an integral part of drum and bass's movement towards the rolling techno influenced sub-genre now known as Neurofunk.
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Eaton Green
Eaton Green (born 1967) was a Yardie gang member involved in armed robbery, drug dealing and extortion in South London. The first Yardie to become a police informant for the Metropolitan Police, his later testimony during his 1997 deportation hearing would reveal police protection for his criminal activities by immigration and intelligence officers of the Drug Related Violence and Intelligence Unit, which included false passports to allow accomplices Cecil and Rohan Thomas into the country as well as securing residency rights due to his marriage to a British woman under questionable circumstances.
Fleeing Jamaica on murder charges, he emigrated to the United Kingdom and eventually settled in Brixton in February 1991 where he began dealing crack and cocaine. Within three months, he had been arrested on drugs and weapons charges and recruited by Steve Barker to become an informant soon after his arrest. His arrest on 8 July 1993, for the armed robbery of 150 people during a blues party in Nottingham the previous month, one of the largest committed in British history, would cause a scandal for the Home Office as Green had been a paid informant at the time of his arrest. His "handler", immigration officer Steve Barker, allegedly attempted to protect Green from prosecution by Nottingham authorities. In September 1995, he pled guilty and was convicted of armed robbery, possession of firearms and unlawful wounding by the Leeds Crown Court. He had shot one of the male guests in the foot during the robbery, allegedly to allay suspicions that he was an informer, but his sentence was reduced due to cooperating with the prosecution in a previous trial.
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Eddy Grant
Edmond Montague "Eddy" Grant (born 5 March 1948) is a musician, born in Plaisance, Guyana.
When he was still a young boy, his parents emigrated to London, UK, where he settled. He lived in Kentish Town and went to school at the Acland Burghley Secondary Modern at Tufnell Park. He had his first number one hit in 1968, when he was the lead guitarist and main songwriter of the group The Equals, with his self-penned song "Baby Come Back". The tune also later topped the UK Singles Chart again when covered by Pato Banton. Notably, he openly used his songwriting for political purposes, especially against the then-current apartheid regime of South Africa. The Clash recorded a version of "Police On My Back" for their Sandinista! set.
Grant set up his own recording company, Ice Records and the Coach House studio, but more recently has returned to the West Indies from London, choosing Barbados as a more realistic venue for a recording company, rather than his country of origin. He has also produced for the likes of Sting, Mick Jagger and Elvis Costello.
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Frank Reginald Carey
Group Captain Frank Reginald "Chota" Carey CBE, DFC & Two Bars, AFC, DFM (7 May 1912 - 6 December 2004) was an English World War II fighter ace with 25 victories, three shared destroyed, four unconfirmed destroyed, four probables and eight damaged. He was the second-highest scoring Hawker Hurricane fighter ace of the war.
Carey was born in Brixton, London and educated at Belverdere School, [Haywards Heath] now called Tavistock and Summerhill School. He joined the Royal Air Force in September 1927 as an aircraft apprentice at RAF Halton and later an airframe fitter. In 1935 Carey was selected for pilot training and passed out as a Sergeant Pilot joining 43 Squadron flying the Hawker Fury and in 1938 converting to the Hawker Hurricane.
On 30 January 1940, soon after the war started, Carey shared (with F/L. Caesar Hull) the destruction of a Heinkel He 111 of KG 26 near Coquet Island on his first aerial combat. No. 43 Squadron were moved to Acklington in February 1940, and on 3 February Carey and his wingman claimed another KG 26 He-111, the aircraft ditching in the sea. Another He-111 was shared destroyed the following month and by 21 February Carey was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal. On 1 March 1940 he was commissioned.
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Freddie Davies
Freddie Davies (born 21 July 1937) is a British comedian and actor. He is the grandson of music hall comedian Jack Herbert.
Freddie Davies was born in Brixton, London. At the start of World War II Davies was evacuated in 1939 to Seend in Wiltshire and subsequently to Torquay in Devon and then to Salford, Lancashire in 1941. After national service in the Royal Army Pay Corps Davies became a stand-up comedian, beginning his career in 1958 as a Butlins holiday camp Redcoat (Butlins) entertainer. He started on the cabaret circuit in 1964, when he turned professional, and he appeared on Opportunity Knocks, Sunday Night at the London Palladium, The Des O'Connor Show, The Tom Jones Show, The Bachelors Show and Blackpool Night Out. Plus many top rating television shows in the '60s, '70s and '80s.
His act featured jokes about budgies and he eventually picked up the nickname "Parrotface", largely because his appearance on Opportunity Knocks included a routine where he told of an altercation with a tiresome official where he responded to him with the line 'look here, Parrot Face'. Thereafter he capitalised on this with his jokes about budgies and the invention of his alter ego..'Samuel Tweet.. He became known as "Freddie "Parrotface" Davies", wore a black homburg hat and became very popular with young and old alike.
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Havelock Ellis
Henry Havelock Ellis, known as Havelock Ellis (2 February 1859 – 8 July 1939), was a British physician and psychologist, writer, and social reformer who studied human sexuality. He was co-author of the first medical textbook in English on homosexuality in 1897, and also published works on a variety of sexual practices and inclinations, including transgender psychology. He is credited with introducing the notions of narcissism and autoeroticism, later adopted by psychoanalysis. Like many progressive thinkers of his era, he supported eugenics and served as president of the Galton Institute.
Ellis, son of Edward Peppen Ellis and Susannah Mary Wheatley, was born in Croydon, then a small town south of London. He had four sisters, none of whom married. His father was a sea captain, his mother the daughter of a sea captain, and many other relatives lived on or near the sea. At seven years of age, his father took him on one of his voyages, during which they called at Sydney, Callao and Antwerp. After his return, Ellis attended the French and German College near Wimbledon, and afterward attended a school in Mitcham.
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Ian Hunter (singer)
Ian Hunter Patterson (born 3 June 1939) is an English singer-songwriter. He was the lead singer of the English rock band Mott the Hoople from its inception in 1969 to its dissolution in 1974, and he again fronted them at the time of their 2009 reunion. Hunter was a musician and songwriter before Mott The Hoople, and he continued in this vein after he left the band. As the leading figure in Mott The Hoople, but facing ill health and disillusioned with commercial success, he embarked on a solo career, often in collaboration with Mott The Hoople's guitarist Mick Ronson, who was well known as David Bowie's sideman and arranger from the Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars period.
Mott The Hoople achieved a certain level of commercial success and attracted a small but devoted fan base. As a solo artist, Hunter at times made the charts with lesser-known but more wide-ranging works outside the rock mainstream. Among his best-known solo records are "Once Bitten, Twice Shy" (later covered by Great White) and "Cleveland Rocks," made famous from a cover version on the American TV series The Drew Carey Show.
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Iwan Thomas
Iwan Gwyn Thomas MBE (born 5 January 1974 in Farnborough, London Borough of Bromley) is a sprinter who represented Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the Olympic Games in the 400 m, and Wales at the Commonwealth Games. Thomas is the current UK record holder at 400 m with a time of 44.36 seconds and is a former European and Commonwealth games champion. He is also the current holder of the Commonwealth Games record in the 400 m.
His initial athletics breakthrough came at the World Junior Championships in 1992 as part of the British 4x400 m relay team that finished 5th. Thomas Stamford School and West London Institute of Higher Education, where he studied Sports Science and Geography. While still at university, he took part in the 1994 Commonwealth Games 400 m where he reached the semi-finals, representing Wales. From there, he was selected to represent Britain in the relay at the 1995 European Athletics Cup and secured his first championship gold medal.
Thomas's coach for much of his running career was Mike Smith, formerly coach to British 400 m runners Roger Black and Todd Bennett and also hurdler Kris Akabusi. Thomas was awarded an MBE in 1998.
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James Lovelock
James Ephraim Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS, Ph.D (born 26 July 1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalist and futurologist who lives in Devon, England. He is best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, which postulates that the biosphere is a self-regulating entity with the capacity to keep our planet healthy by controlling the chemical and physical environment.
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Jeeves
Reginald Jeeves is a fictional character in the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse, being the valet of Bertie Wooster (Bertram Wilberforce Wooster). Created in 1915, Jeeves continued to appear in Wodehouse's work until his final completed novel Aunts Aren't Gentlemen in 1974. He was Wodehouse's most famous character. The name "Jeeves" comes from Percy Jeeves, a Warwickshire cricketer killed in the First World War.
Both the name "Jeeves" and the character of Jeeves have come to be thought of as the quintessential name and nature of a valet or butler inspiring many similar characters (as well as the name of the Internet search engine Ask Jeeves). A "Jeeves" is now a generic term in references such as the Oxford English Dictionary.
In a conversation with a policeman in "Jeeves and the Kid Clementina," Jeeves refers to himself as both a "gentleman's personal gentleman" and a "personal gentleman's gentleman." This means that Jeeves is a valet, not a butler—that is, he serves a man and not a household. However, Bertie Wooster has lent out Jeeves as a butler on several occasions, and notes: "If the call comes, he can buttle with the best of them."
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Jo Self
Jo Self née Lee (born January 15, 1956) is an English contemporary artist, poet who specialises in often monumental oil paintings of flowers. In 2001-3 she painted in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where she was artist-in-residence in the Marianne North studio.
Self was born and grew up on a Hertfordshire rural housing estate. After the birth of her first child she trained at Wimbledon School of Art where her first, prizewinning, work was a series of narrative paintings including flower images. She subsequently studied at Chelsea College of Art and Design. She has since lectured at Wimbledon and at the Slade School of Fine Art.
She painted the private garden of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in Northern India during a residency of three months between 2004-5. A. S. Byatt summarised the experience of this show—flowers' combination of toughness and fragility—with the Shakespeare quote: "How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea / whose action is no stronger than a flower?"
In 2006-7 Jo Self worked at night from the steps of Tate Britain painting the Thames.
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John Major
Sir John Major, KG, CH, PC, ACIB (born 29 March 1943) is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He held the posts of Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon from 1979 to 2001.
Despite Thatcher's "notorious" assertion that "she expected to continue in control as a backseat driver," Major's mild and consensual style was seen as complete contrast to Thatcher's forceful and confrontational manner. Early in his term, he presided over British participation in the First Gulf War (March 1991) and negotiated "Game, Set and Match for Britain" at the Maastricht Treaty (December 1991). Despite the British economy then being in recession he led the Conservatives to a fourth consecutive election victory, winning the most votes in British electoral history in the 1992 general election, albeit with a much reduced majority in the House of Commons. He is to date, the last Conservative leader to win an outright majority in a general election.
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Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert "Ken" Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is a British Labour Party politician who has twice held the leading political role in London local government, first as the Leader of the Greater London Council from 1981 until the Council was abolished in 1986, and then as the first elected Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008. He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent East from 1987 to 2001. He stood unsuccessfully as the Labour Party candidate in the London mayoral elections of 2008 and 2012.
Born into a working class family in Lambeth, he first joined the Labour Party in 1968 and was elected to represent Norwood at the Greater London Council in 1973, before moving to represent Hackney North and Stoke Newington in 1977, and then to Paddington in 1981, the same year he also became the Leader of the Council itself. In 1999, Livingstone sought the Labour nomination to be the first elected Mayor of London, although his candidacy was opposed by then-Prime Minister Tony Blair. Despite losing the Labour candidacy to Frank Dobson, Livingstone contested the 2000 election successfully as an independent candidate regardless, which led to his expulsion from the Labour Party.
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Kevin Coyne
Kevin Coyne was a musician, singer, composer, film-maker, and a writer of lyrics, stories and poems. The former "anti-star" was born on 27 January 1944 in Derby, UK, and died in his adopted home of Nuremberg, Germany, on 2 December 2004.
Coyne is notable for his unorthodox style of blues-influenced guitar composition, the intense quality of his vocal delivery, and his bold treatment of injustice to the mentally ill in his lyrics. Many influential music figures have described themselves as Coyne fans, among them Sting and John Lydon. In the mid-1970s, prior to the formation of The Police, Coyne's band included guitarist Andy Summers. Prominent BBC disc jockey and world music authority Andy Kershaw has described Coyne as "a national treasure who keeps getting better" and as one of the great British blues voices.
Over many years Coyne produced the distinctive art work for many of his own album covers, but his move to Germany in the 1980s saw his work on full size paintings blossom in its own right.
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Leslie Scarman
Leslie George Scarman, Baron Scarman, OBE, PC (29 July 1911 – 8 December 2004) was an English judge and barrister, who served as a Law Lord until his retirement in 1986.
He was born in Streatham but grew up on the border of Sussex and Surrey. He won scholarships to Radley College and then Brasenose College, Oxford, as a Classical Scholar, graduating in 1932 with a first.
He was called to the Bar in 1936. He remained briefless until the war, which he spent in the RAF as a staff officer in England, North Africa, and then continental Europe and he was present with Lord Tedder when the German surrender was accepted in Berlin. He returned to law in 1945, practising from Fountain Court Chambers in London, and became a QC in 1957, and a High Court judge in 1961 – assigned to the Family Division. He joined the Court of Appeal in 1973 and was Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, a Law Lord, from 1977 until his retirement in 1986.
He was appointed head of the Law Commission from 1965 to 1973, during which time 27 Commission-inspired statutes were made law.
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Linton Kwesi Johnson
Linton Kwesi Johnson (aka LKJ) (born 24 August 1952, Chapelton, Jamaica) is a UK-based dub poet. He became the second living poet, and the only black poet, to be published in the Penguin Modern Classics series. His performance poetry involves the recitation of his own verse in Jamaican Patois over dub-reggae, usually written in collaboration with renowned British reggae producer/artist Dennis Bovell. His middle name, "Kwesi", is Ghanaian.
Johnson studied for a degree in sociology at Goldsmiths College in New Cross, London (graduating in 1973), which currently holds his personal papers in its archives; in 2004 he became an Honorary Visiting Professor of Middlesex University in London. In 2005 he was awarded a silver Musgrave Medal from the Institute of Jamaica for distinguished eminence in the field of poetry.
While still at school Johnson joined the British Black Panther Movement, helped to organise a poetry workshop within the movement, and developed his work with Rasta Love, a group of poets and drummers.
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Lisa Maffia
Lisa Maffia (born 16 June 1979, South London) is a platinum selling English singer-songwriter, musician, fashion designer, model and presenter, who originally came to the public's attention as the main female member of So Solid Crew. Whilst in So Solid, the singer notched up five top 20 hits, including a platinum selling single "21 Seconds" and a platinum selling album They Don't Know. As a solo artist, she has released two top 10 singles and an award winning album including the platinum selling single "All Over". Maffia is mixed race, born to an Italian mother and an unknown black father.[citation needed] Lisa Maffia is also the highest charting female solo rapper in UK Chart History.
Maffia was born and raised in Brixton, London by her mother, Shirley Maffia. She has a daughter, Chelsea, born when she was 17. She trained in Latino, ballroom, tap and modern dancing and practised gymnastics as a child. She has a god daughter named Alexus Lee-Chang, who attended Virgo Fidelis Convent Senior School which is located next to Norwood School in West Norwood where Lisa attended. Lisa then went on to Brixton College to do a diploma in Photography and Art & Design. In 2000, Maffia got her career debut when she added her vocals to So Solid Crew track, "Oh No".
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Luol Deng
Luol Deng (born April 16, 1985) is a British professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association's Chicago Bulls and the Great Britain national basketball team. He plays the small forward position. He was selected to his first All Star game during the 2011–12 NBA season, joining teammate Derrick Rose. Born in what is now South Sudan, Deng fled the country with his family as a child, moving to Egypt and then the United Kingdom, becoming a British citizen in 2006.
Deng was born in Wau, Sudan (current South Sudan) and is a member of the Dinka ethnic group. When he was young, his father Aldo, a member of the Sudanese parliament, moved the family to Egypt to escape the Second Sudanese Civil War. In Egypt, they met former NBA center Manute Bol, another Dinka, who taught Deng's older brother, Ajou Deng, how to play basketball while also serving as a mentor for Luol himself. When they were granted political asylum, his family emigrated to Brixton, South London. Deng developed an interest in soccer, admiring Faustino Asprilla of Newcastle United, but also continued to play basketball, and was invited to join England's 15-and-under team in that sport. During this time, he began his career at Brixton Basketball Club. He represented Croydon at the London Youth Games, and was inducted in to their Hall of Fame in 2009. At the age of 13, he played for England's squad in the European Junior Men's Qualifying Tournament, averaging 40 points and 14 rebounds. He was named the MVP of the tournament. Next, he led England to the finals of the European Junior National Tournament, where he averaged 34 points and earned another MVP award.
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Marilyn Monroe
Norma Jeane Mortensen Baker (June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), professionally recognized as Marilyn Monroe, was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s.
After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) drew attention to her. By 1953, Monroe had progressed to a leading role in Niagara (1953), a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her "dumb blonde" persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited by typecasting, Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits, co-starring Clark Gable with screenplay by her then-husband, Arthur Miller.
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Mavado (singer)
David Constantine Brooks (born November 30, 1981), better known by his stage name Mavado, is a Jamaican musician, actor, DJ and music producer.
Brooks was raised in an area known as "Cuban", a micro ghetto within the heart of Kingston, Jamaica's Cassava Piece community. His grandmother gave him his first musical experience at a young age, bringing him to church to sing. He also cites the music of Bounty Killer as an early influence.
The boyhood idol became his mentor when at the age of 15, Bounty took him under his wing to show him the ropes of the music industry. He decided to name himself "Mavado" after the Swiss watch company Movado, altering the spelling.
His debut single, "Real McKoy" on the Anger Management riddim in 2004, provided him instant success. He further established himself with the follow-up record “Weh Dem a Do”, on the Red Bull & Guinness riddim. After a string of hits in 2005 and 2006, Mavado released the album Gangsta for Life: The Symphony of David Brooks July 10, 2007 on VP Records. "Weh Dem A Do" and "Dying", two singles from the album, were featured heavily on R&B/hip-hop radio in New York.
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Max Wall
Max Wall (12 March 1908 – 21 May 1990), was an English comedian and actor, whose performing career covered music hall, theatre, films and television.
Wall was born Maxwell George Lorimer, son of the successful music-hall entertainer Jack (Jock) Lorimer, a Scottish comedy actor from Forfar, known for his songs and dancing, and his wife Stella (born Maud Clara Mitchison). He was born near the Oval, at 37 Glenshaw Mansions, Brixton Road, Brixton, London SW9. In 1916, during a World War I air raid, Max and his elder brother Alex were saved from death by a cast iron bed frame, but his younger brother Bunty and their Aunt Betty, who was looking after them, were killed by a bomb dropped from a German Zeppelin which also destroyed their house.
Max and Alex went to live with their father and his family, whilst their mother went to live with Harry Wallace, whom she had met on tour. When their father died of tuberculosis in 1920, aged 37, their mother married Harry Wallace, and they all moved to a pub in Essex.
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Michael Caine
Sir Michael Caine, CBE (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite; 14 March 1933) is an English actor.
Caine is one of two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s, the other one being Jack Nicholson. In 2000, Caine was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema.
Caine was born in St Olave's Hospital, Rotherhithe, Southwark in South East London, the son of Ellen Frances Marie (née Burchell; 1900-1989), a cook and charwoman, and Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, a fish market porter. His father was of English, Irish, and, reportedly, Irish Traveller ancestry. Caine was brought up in his mother's Protestant religion (his father was Catholic).
Caine grew up in Southwark, South London, and during the Second World War he was evacuated to North Runcton near King's Lynn in Norfolk. After the war, when his father was demobilised, the family was rehoused by the council in Marshall Gardens at the Elephant and Castle in a pre-fabricated house made in Canada, as much of London's housing stock had been damaged during the Blitz in 1940-41.
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Michael Groce
Michael Groce is a poet, community worker and former criminal. His name is remembered by many in connection with the Brixton riots of 1985 when his mother, Cherry Groce, was shot by police during a dawn raid on her home. He is now a published poet, having won the Cheltenham Poetry Prize, and actively engages with young people to inform them of his own experiences.
Michael Groce was brought up in Tinworth House, on a rough housing estate in Vauxhall, England. Much of his early life was spent in residential care. He was involved with street gangs, and had been exposed to guns from his childhood. He fluttered in and out of prison - through his life, he accrued 50 convictions and 15 different spells in prison.
A few days before the riots, Michael Groce was involved in a domestic dispute with his girlfriend. In frustration, he fired a gun. Shortly afterwards, he heard a knocking on the door, and went down to answer it, believing it to be a neighbour complaining about the gunshot. Instead, he found a police officer, enquiring if he was Michael Groce. Groce attempted to close the door, but the police officer would not let him, and only left after Groce put the gun into the officer's mouth.
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Ninja Man
Ninjaman, alias Don Gorgon, (born Desmond John Ballentine on January 20, 1966, in Annotto Bay, Jamaica) is a popular dancehall deejay and actor, known for his controversial and pro-gun lyrics and his stuttering and melodramatic style. Ninjaman is currently out on bail awaiting trial for a murder that was committed in Kingston, Jamaica.
After moving from his birthplace Annotto Bay to Kingston at the age of 11, he launched his deejay career with the Black Culture Sound System at age 12 as "Double Ugly". In 1980, he joined Killamanjaro, there got the chance to learn from established deejays Super Cat and Early B, and released his debut single as "Uglyman". Yet another name change made him the now well known Ninjaman. In 1987, Ninjaman recorded - and produced himself - his first hit single "Protection", a duet with Courtney Melody. The following years brought many prolific collaborations with producers like King Jammy, Witty, Xterminator, Philip "Fatis" Burrell, Redman, Ini Kamoze, Bobby Digital, Augustus "Gussie" Clarke, and Steely & Clevie and Henry "Junjo" Lawes. It has been said that Ninjaman comes up with all of his lyrics on the spot in the recording studio, in a freestyle manner.
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Nyron Nosworthy
Nyron Paul Henry Nosworthy (born 11 October 1980) is an English born Jamaican football player who plays for Watford as a defender.
Born in Brixton, South London, Nosworthy – known since childhood by the nicknames "the clown","Ny" or "Nuggy" – began his career as a trainee at Gillingham. Where he became famed for running to training on a morning as a warm up despite living a long way away. His first team début, on 28 November 1998, was unusual in that he came on as a first-half substitute but was himself substituted later in the match. The following season, he appeared regularly for Gillingham, and was a regular member of the starting eleven for the rest of his time at the club.
His primary position was at the back though sometimes played up front and was occasionally used as an emergency striker with some success, scoring twice in one game against Crystal Palace.
Nosworthy's contract expired at the end of the 2004–05 season, which saw Gillingham relegated to League One. Keen to play at a higher level, and aware of interest from other clubs, he chose not to accept a new deal with the club so left as a free agent.
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Olive Morris
Olive Morris (1952 - 1979) was a community leader and active in the squatters' rights campaigns of the 1970s.
Morris was a founder member of the Organisation of Women of African and Asian Descent (OWAAD) and set up the Brixton Black Women's Group.
Morris was born in Jamaica in 1952 and moved to London with her family at an early age. She lived predominantly in South London. Morris died at the age of 27 in 1979.
Morris' is depicted on the B£1 denomination of the Brixton Pound, a local currency in Brixton, London.
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PG Wodehouse
Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE ( /ˈwʊd.haʊs/; 15 October 1881 – 14 February 1975) was an English humorist, whose body of work includes novels, short stories, plays, poems, song lyrics and numerous pieces of journalism. He enjoyed enormous popular success during a career that lasted more than seventy years and his many writings continue to be widely read. Despite the political and social upheavals that occurred during his life, much of which was spent in France and the United States, Wodehouse's main canvas remained that of pre-1914 English upper-class society, reflecting his birth, education and youthful writing career.
An acknowledged master of English prose, Wodehouse has been admired both by contemporaries such as Hilaire Belloc, Evelyn Waugh and Rudyard Kipling and by modern writers such as Stephen Fry,Douglas Adams,Zadie Smith,[citation needed]J. K. Rowling, and John Le Carré .
Best known today for the Jeeves and Blandings Castle novels and short stories, Wodehouse was also a playwright and lyricist who was part author and writer of 15 plays and of 250 lyrics for some 30 musical comedies, many of them produced in collaboration with Jerome Kern and Guy Bolton. He worked with Cole Porter on the musical Anything Goes (1934), wrote the lyrics for the hit song "Bill" in Kern's Show Boat (1927), wrote lyrics to Sigmund Romberg's music for the Gershwin – Romberg musical Rosalie (1928) and collaborated with Rudolf Friml on a musical version of The Three Musketeers (1928). He is in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
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Poly Styrene
Poly Styrene was the stage name of Marianne Joan Elliott-Said (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), a British musician, songwriter and singer, most notably in the pioneering punk rock band X-Ray Spex.
Marianne Elliott-Said was born in 1957 in Bromley, Kent, and raised in Brixton, London. Her mother, who raised her alone, was a Scots-Irish legal secretary. Her father was a dispossessed Somali aristocrat.
As a teenager, Marianne was a "barefoot hippie". At age 15, she ran away from home with £3 in her pocket, and hitchhiked from one music festival to another, staying at hippie crash pads. She thought of this as a challenge to survive. The adventure ended when she stepped on a rusty nail while bathing in a stream and had to be treated for septicaemia.
After seeing the Sex Pistols performance at the Pier Pavillion Hastings on 3 July 1976 (her nineteenth birthday) she thought that anyone could do what they were doing and so decided to form the punk band X-Ray Spex. She eventually became a passionate feminist and posted a blog dedicated to women's rights and defence of women.
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Portuguese people
The Portuguese (Portuguese: os Portugueses) are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Due to the large historical extent of the Portuguese Empire and the colonization of territories in Africa, Asia and the Americas, as well as historical and recent emigration, Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe, and a large Portuguese diaspora exists.
The Portuguese are a southwestern European population, with origins predominantly from Atlantic Europe, Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.
The earliest modern humans inhabiting Portugal are believed to have been Paleolithic peoples that may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that modern-day Portuguese traces largely a significant amount of these lineages to the paleolithic peoples which began arriving to the European continent between the end of the last glaciation around 45,000 years ago.
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Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey, cutting his half-sisters out of the succession in contradiction to statute law. His will was set aside, Lady Jane Grey was executed, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded the Catholic Mary I, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.
Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel, and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement later evolved into today's Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir so as to continue the Tudor line. She never did, however, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity, and a cult grew up around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.
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Rancid (band)
Rancid is an American punk rock band formed in Berkeley, California in 1991. Founded by 80s punk veterans Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman, both of whom previously played in the highly influential ska punk band Operation Ivy, Rancid is credited—along with Green Day and The Offspring—for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States during the mid-1990s. Unlike Green Day and The Offspring however, Rancid remained signed to an independent record label and retained much of its original fan-base, most of which was connected to its underground roots.
Rancid includes Armstrong on guitar and vocals, Freeman on bass and vocals, Lars Frederiksen on guitar and vocals, and Branden Steineckert on drums. The band was formed by Armstrong, Freeman, and former drummer Brett Reed, who left the band in 2006 and was replaced by Steineckert. Frederiksen joined Rancid in 1993 when the band was searching for a second guitar player.
To date, Rancid has released seven studio albums, one split album, one compilation, two extended plays, and a series of live online-only albums, and has been featured on a number of compilation albums. The band has independently sold over four million records worldwide, making it one of the most successful independent punk groups of all time. The band rose to fame in 1994 with its second studio album, Let's Go, featuring the single "Salvation". In the following year, Rancid released its highly successful album ...And Out Come the Wolves, which produced its best-known songs "Roots Radicals", "Ruby Soho" and "Time Bomb", and was certified gold and platinum by the RIAA, selling over one million copies in the United States alone. Its next four albums, Life Won't Wait, Rancid, Indestructible and Let the Dominoes Fall, were also critically acclaimed, though not as successful as ...And Out Come the Wolves. Rancid is currently working on an eighth studio album, which is said to be recorded in September 2011, and expected to be released in 2012.
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Ross Kemp
Ross James Belshaw Kemp (born 21 July 1964) is a BAFTA award-winning English actor, author and journalist, who rose to prominence in the role of Grant Mitchell in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders. Since 2006, Kemp has received international recognition as an investigative journalist for his critically acclaimed and award-winning documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs.
Before becoming publicly known, Kemp made a TV commercial for Kellogg's Fruit 'n Fibre breakfast cereal. His first credited television appearance was in 1986, playing Graham Lodsworth in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale Farm (now Emmerdale). He was infamously thrown off set of Emmerdale after reportedly stubbing his toe on a prop and proceeding to violently attack the prop and claim that all props should be 'burnt alive' . He then ironically made guest appearances in episodes of London's Burning where he was seen throwing numerous props into the on-set fire, and Birds of a Feather. He was in a film called Playing Away in 1986 in a minor role alongside Neil Morrissey.
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Saxon
The Saxons (Latin: Saxones, Old English: Seaxe, Old Saxon: Sahson, Low German: Sassen) were a confederation of Germanic tribes on the North German plain, who during the Middle Ages migrated to the British Isles and formed part of the Anglo-Saxons.
The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes, whose earliest known area of settlement is Northern Albingia, an area approximately that of modern Holstein. This area overlapped the area of the Angles, a tribe with which they were frequently closely linked. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the fifth century. It is unknown how many migrated from the continent to Britain, though estimates for the total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers are around two hundred thousand. During the Middle ages, because of international Hanseatic trading routes and contingent migration during the Middle Ages, Saxons mixed with and had strong influences upon the languages and cultures of the North Germanic and Baltic and Finnic peoples, and also upon the Polabian Slavs and Pomeranian West Slavic people.
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Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes ( /ˈʃɜrlɒk ˈhoʊmz/) is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The fantastic London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to adopt almost any disguise, and his use of forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
Holmes, who first appeared in publication in 1887, was featured in four novels and 56 short stories. The first novel, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and the second, The Sign of the Four, in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the first series of short stories in Strand Magazine, beginning with A Scandal in Bohemia in 1891; further series of short stories and two novels published in serial form appeared between then and 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1880 up to 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself ("The Blanched Soldier" and "The Lion's Mane") and two others are written in the third person ("The Mazarin Stone" and "His Last Bow"). In two stories ("The Musgrave Ritual" and "The Gloria Scott"), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story. The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, each include a long interval of omniscient narration recounting events unknown to either Holmes or Watson.
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Shivani Kapoor
Shivani Kapoor (born 20 September 1984[citation needed]) in London, England is a British model.
Shivani Kapoor attended school in Sydenham, South London, until the age of 14, when she moved to India to pursue a career in modelling. While at school, she trained as a classical singer. Her secret passion: "To sing. I have trained for four years in London to sing for operas. I love music; it’s my form of expression. I love trance. On the [runway] ramp, if the music is good my performance is much better."
A cousin of Karishma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor, Shivani Kapoor started modelling at the age of 14, when she modelled for the Asian Woman & Bride magazine. At 17, she has won the Lakme "Face of the Year" in 2001, and is now the face of the brand. She took part in the Lakme India Fashion Week in Mumbai.
Shivani Kapoor signed with the director Sanjay Leela Bhansali to appear in his film Bajirao Mastani, a story about the King Peshwa Bajirao and a courtesan.
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Skin (singer)
Deborah Anne Dyer, known by the stage name Skin, (born 3 August 1967, Brixton, London) is a singer and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough and they later honoured her with an honourary degree. She is currently the lead vocalist of English band Skunk Anansie. Mavis Bayton, author of Frock Rock, an academic book about women musicians in Britain says that "women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolande Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women."
Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie who were a band often grouped as part of the britrock movement in the UK.[citation needed] Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Ace on guitar, Cass on bass guitar, and Mark on drums.[citation needed]
After forming in 1994, the band released three albums. Paranoid & Sunburnt, Stoosh and Post Orgasmic Chill sold over 4 million copies worldwide.[citation needed] They are best known for their single "Weak", but have had a series of other hits including "Charity", "Hedonism" and "Charlie Big Potato".[citation needed]
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Thomas Di Leva
Thomas Di Leva, birth name Sven Thomas Magnusson, (born October 23, 1963) is a Swedish singer-songwriter and a New Age-spokesman.
Sven Thomas Magnusson was born 1963 in Gävle, Gävleborg County, Gästrikland, Sweden. At 14 years of age, he changed his name from Magnusson to Leva, inspired both by his mother's Italian maiden name and idols like Leonardo Da Vinci and Charlie Chaplin. Thomas started his career with the band The Pillisnorks, debuting with the EP 4 Visitors in January 1, 1980. Later, Di Leva formed the band Modern Art, which subsequently became Modærn Art. In autumn 1981 Di Leva signed a record contract as a solo artist with the recently-started company Adventure. The following year, Di Leva released his debut album, Marginal Cirkus. After a short time at the company Stranded, Billy Bolero took Di Leva to the newly-started company Papa Records, and with the release of the album På ett fat Di Leva became known throughout the country. Di Leva said "I want to create great art in the form of simple music for the large audience." With the song "Kom till mig", recorded with strings from Fläskkvartetten and Raj Montana Band, Di Leva reached the Trackslistan ranking in 1985 for the first time and made his first hit. The following year he released his third album, Pussel.
wn.com/Thomas_Di_Leva -
Tom Major-Ball
Tom Major-Ball (18 May 1879 - 27 March 1962) was a music hall performer and circus artiste. He was the father of Sir John Major, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
He was born Abraham Thomas Ball in Bloxwich, Staffordshire, in 1879. He was a son of Abraham Ball, a bricklayer, and his wife Sarah Ann Marrah or O'Marrah who was of Irish and possibly Welsh descent. When the younger Abraham was about five years old, his parents emigrated to Pittsburgh, USA, where he spent his formative years. He worked in the United States as a vaudeville performer and a trapeze artist in travelling circuses. He is also reported to have worked as a professional baseball player.
By 1896, at the age of 17, he was back in the UK where he developed a successful music hall career in the United Kingdom. He claimed to have performed at "every theatre in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland". His music hall act was as a comedian and song-and-dance man, chiefly with his first wife, Kitty Grant. Kitty called herself Drum for the stage effect of "Drum and Ball". Tom later added "Major" to the name when the double act was renamed "Drum and Major". He sometimes performed under the name Tom Major. He would later regale his family with tales of Harry Houdini and Marie Lloyd.
wn.com/Tom_Major-Ball -
Val Shawcross
Valerie Shawcross CBE is a Labour Party politician and member of the London Assembly for Lambeth and Southwark. Shawcross was the Labour Co-operative candidate for Bermondsey and Old Southwark at the 2010 general election.
She was first elected to the Assembly in 2000, and retained her seat in 2004 and 2008. In 2000 Ken Livingstone appointed her as Chair of the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA) a position she held until his defeat in 2008. She is currently the Labour London Assembly Spokesperson for Transport and Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee. She also currently serves on the Assembly Budget Scrutiny Committee.
She is a former Labour Party national women's officer, and was a councillor for New Addington in Croydon from 1994 to 2000, serving as Chair of Education, then Leader of Croydon Council.
Shawcross was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2002 for her services to local government. She is married to Michael Anteney.
On 7 December 2010 it was announced that Shawcross would be the running mate of the Labour Party's official candidate for the 2012 London Mayoral election, Ken Livingstone.
wn.com/Val_Shawcross -
Violette Szabo
Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell Szabo, GC, (26 June 1921 – c. 5 February 1945) was a World War II French-British secret agent.
Violette Szabo was born Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell in Paris, France, on 26 June 1921, the second child of a French mother and an English taxi-driver father, who had met during World War I. The family moved to London, and she attended school in Brixton until the age of 14. At the start of World War II, she was working in Le Bon Marché department store in Brixton on the perfume counter.
Violette met Etienne Szabo, a French officer of Hungarian descent, at the Bastille Day parade in London in 1940. They married on 21 August 1940 after a whirlwind 42-day romance. Violette was 19, Etienne was 31. Shortly after the birth of their only child, Tania, Etienne died from chest wounds at the Battle of El Alamein in October 1942. He had never seen his daughter. It was Etienne's death that made Violette, having already joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in 1941, decide to offer her services to the British Special Operations Executive (SOE).
wn.com/Violette_Szabo -
Vybz Kartel
Adidja Palmer (born 7 January 1976)- better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican dancehall artist, songwriter and businessman. He has many nicknames, including: Addi, The Teacher, World Boss, Kartel, Vybz, Gaza General and Gaza Don.
Adidja Palmer began his career as a teenager in 1993 with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart", using the moniker "Adi Banton", a homage to Buju Banton. Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybez Cartel", keeping the slightly altered name after group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer, for whom he claims to have written nearly 30 songs, including "Gal Clown".
Vybz Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage. While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman for the fracas, Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas. Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.
wn.com/Vybz_Kartel -
Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh (/ˈrɔːli/, /ˈræli/, or /ˈrɑːli/; c. 1554 – 29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England.
Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Little is known for certain of his early life, though he spent some time in Ireland, in Killua Castle, Clonmellon, County Westmeath, taking part in the suppression of rebellions and participating in the Siege of Smerwick. Later he became a landlord of properties confiscated from the Irish rebels. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I, and was knighted in 1585. He was involved in the early English colonisation of Virginia under a royal patent. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset.
wn.com/Walter_Raleigh -
Zacarias Moussaoui
Zacarias Moussaoui (Arabic: زكريا موساوي, Zakariyyā Mūsawī; born May 30, 1968) is a French citizen who was convicted of conspiring to kill citizens of the US as part of the September 11 attacks. As a result of his conviction, he is serving a life sentence without parole at the Federal ADX Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado, USA.
Moussaoui was alleged to have been a replacement for the "first" 20th hijacker, possibly Ramzi bin al-Shibh. Bin al-Shibh and Zakariyah Essabar were denied visas. However, prosecutors in Moussaoui's drawn-out trial in the US had difficulty directly connecting him to the 19 participants.
Moussaoui's trial was seen in some circles as a barometer of the ability and willingness of the United States to give a fair hearing to terrorism suspects. Others objected to the degree to which the court and especially Judge Leonie Brinkema tolerated the bizarre and threatening courtroom behavior of Moussaoui. Moussaoui expressed contempt for the trial and court by introducing legal motions deriding Judge Brinkema, surprised onlookers by electing to represent himself in court, and rankled federal prosecutors by requesting the presence of captured al-Qaeda members as witnesses in his case. During the course of the proceedings, Moussaoui admitted his guilt in various degrees, and to being a member of al-Qaeda.
wn.com/Zacarias_Moussaoui
karaoke
Started off as I fall in a ball of flame
Burning out on your sentiment, it's all in vain
Shot your 44 caliber words with aim
You might've killed the heart but you left the brain
Devastated and I hate it, see your eyes are insane
Gray and dissipated building just like rust on a chain drained
Dislocated echo in the things you say
You might've killed the heart but you left the brain
Your words are making me sick
No more lies, enough with your rhetoric
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Cut away, cut it all away now
Cut away, cut it all away now
Cut away, cut it all away now
Cut me off at the pass, as a hydroplane
Crashing down from your promises, all were fake
Shot your 44 caliber words with aim
You might've killed the heart but you left the brain
Formulated and I'm fated to withstand the pain
Wave of generated conscience from the edge of a blade
Feigned, fabricated echo in the things you say
You might have killed the heart but you left the brain
Your words are making me sick
No more lies, enough with your rhetoric
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Switch all the lights off, tell me what you want from me
Take my time and my energy
Turning you heart off came about so easily
It's not enough but it's plenty
Bleed in the black out, said that you'd be there for me
Now you're gone and we're history
Screaming your lungs out, say you want what's best for me
Give it up, you abandoned me
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Whoa, what you got to hide?
Whoa, you're dead inside
What a wonderful lie
Don't you feel alive?
Cut away, cut it all away now
Cut away, cut it all away now
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POSTCODE WARS BRIXTON VS PECKHAM PT1 TWEET @247365FILM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:07
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
view the #UNOFFICIAL TRAILER for 247365 the ONLY FILM that offers a solution to GANG CRIME IN THE UK!!!! Follow @247365FILM and subscribe to www.youtube.com youtu.be DA LYFE SPECIAL: POSTCODE WARS BRIXTON VS PECKHAM HIGHLIGHTS OF PART 1 OF THE INTERVIEW: Ex-Gang members 3 from brixton and 3 from Peckham! As they Tell their story of how they went from wanting to kill each other to now being closer then brothers! Really moving! Catch the full interview all this week on DA LYFE ON LOVEWORLD TV (SKY 588) THRUS: 6PM, MIDNIGHT AND SATURDAY 6PM
http://wn.com/POSTCODE_WARS_BRIXTON_VS_PECKHAM_PT1_TWEET_@247365FILM
view the #UNOFFICIAL TRAILER for 247365 the ONLY FILM that offers a solution to GANG CRIME IN THE UK!!!! Follow @247365FILM and subscribe to www.youtube.com youtu.be DA LYFE SPECIAL: POSTCODE WARS BRIXTON VS PECKHAM HIGHLIGHTS OF PART 1 OF THE INTERVIEW: Ex-Gang members 3 from brixton and 3 from Peckham! As they Tell their story of how they went from wanting to kill each other to now being closer then brothers! Really moving! Catch the full interview all this week on DA LYFE ON LOVEWORLD TV (SKY 588) THRUS: 6PM, MIDNIGHT AND SATURDAY 6PM
The Prodigy - Brixton Academy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Brixton Warriors End Of The World Extravaganza Starts Now www.theprodigy.com www.theprodigystore.com
http://wn.com/The_Prodigy_Brixton_Academy
Brixton Warriors End Of The World Extravaganza Starts Now www.theprodigy.com www.theprodigystore.com
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 26776
- author: ProdigyChannel
System Of A Down - Live at Brixton Academy, London, England on March 27, 2002
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 72:43
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Setlist: 1. Prison Song (cut) 2. Drugs 3. Know 4. War? 5. Deer Dance 6. Jet Pilot 7. X 8. Suggestions 9. Psycho 10. Chop Suey! 11. Honey 12. Bounce 13. Spiders 14. China Girl (David Bowie cover) 15. Aerials 16. Needles 17. Science 18. Toxicity 19. Goodbye Blue Sky (Pink Floyd cover) 20. Peephole 21. Suite-Pee 22. Lookout Weekends (Debbie Deb cover) 23. Sugar 24. 36 25. PLUCK
http://wn.com/System_Of_A_Down_Live_at_Brixton_Academy,_London,_England_on_March_27,_2002
Setlist: 1. Prison Song (cut) 2. Drugs 3. Know 4. War? 5. Deer Dance 6. Jet Pilot 7. X 8. Suggestions 9. Psycho 10. Chop Suey! 11. Honey 12. Bounce 13. Spiders 14. China Girl (David Bowie cover) 15. Aerials 16. Needles 17. Science 18. Toxicity 19. Goodbye Blue Sky (Pink Floyd cover) 20. Peephole 21. Suite-Pee 22. Lookout Weekends (Debbie Deb cover) 23. Sugar 24. 36 25. PLUCK
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 99
- author: JoeRedditsSystemVids
The Prodigy - Jetfighter - O2 Academy Brixton - Live in London - December 18 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Electronic dance punk band, The Prodigy played the O2 Academy Brixton on December 18 2012. Alone with my ipod, their music makes me feel like I am a nervy energetic character in a video role playing game, lol. In company, they take the lid off! Here is "Jetfighter," performed at Brixton Academy on December 18 2012. Sound suffers due to very heavy bass. :) Find The Prodigy here: www.theprodigy.com (Artist reserves all rights, no copyright infringement intended).
http://wn.com/The_Prodigy_Jetfighter_O2_Academy_Brixton_Live_in_London_December_18_2012
Electronic dance punk band, The Prodigy played the O2 Academy Brixton on December 18 2012. Alone with my ipod, their music makes me feel like I am a nervy energetic character in a video role playing game, lol. In company, they take the lid off! Here is "Jetfighter," performed at Brixton Academy on December 18 2012. Sound suffers due to very heavy bass. :) Find The Prodigy here: www.theprodigy.com (Artist reserves all rights, no copyright infringement intended).
- published: 19 Dec 2012
- views: 2041
- author: steveatgigs
The Clash - Guns of Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
"The Guns of Brixton" is a song by The Clash on their third album, London Calling, released in 1979. It was written and sung by bassist Paul Simonon, who grew up in Brixton, south London. It has a strong reggae influence, reflecting the culture of the area, with a knowing nod to the classic reggae gangster film, The Harder They Come. A somewhat heavier, faster version than the one found on London Calling appeared on the live compilation From Here to Eternity: Live, released in 1999. The song pre-dates the race riots that took place in the 1980s in Brixton but the lyrics depict the feelings of discontent that were building due to heavy-handedness of the police that lead to the riots, the recession and other problems at that time.
http://wn.com/The_Clash_Guns_of_Brixton
"The Guns of Brixton" is a song by The Clash on their third album, London Calling, released in 1979. It was written and sung by bassist Paul Simonon, who grew up in Brixton, south London. It has a strong reggae influence, reflecting the culture of the area, with a knowing nod to the classic reggae gangster film, The Harder They Come. A somewhat heavier, faster version than the one found on London Calling appeared on the live compilation From Here to Eternity: Live, released in 1999. The song pre-dates the race riots that took place in the 1980s in Brixton but the lyrics depict the feelings of discontent that were building due to heavy-handedness of the police that lead to the riots, the recession and other problems at that time.
- published: 15 Mar 2009
- views: 1189205
- author: Alexm799
Nike World Basketball Festival: Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Hoops. Beats. Life. Saturday 30th June, saw the Nike World Basketball Festival takeover Brixton. A full-sized court was built on Windrush Square to host a 3-on-3 competition, before a Nike + dunk contest kicked off. Legends of the game Luol Deng and Scottie Pippen took to the court inspiring the next generation of ballers. Things really heated up as Team Nike from NYC narrowly edged out a GB All-Star team in a hard fought 5-on-5 spectacular. The festival ended in style as the best of basketball & hip-hop came together at the 02 Academy Brixton in front of a packed house of 5000. Dot Rotten, Angel and Big Boi rocked the stage as international dunkers Guy Dupuy & Steve Lobel stunned the crowd with some unbelievable slams.
http://wn.com/Nike_World_Basketball_Festival_Brixton
Hoops. Beats. Life. Saturday 30th June, saw the Nike World Basketball Festival takeover Brixton. A full-sized court was built on Windrush Square to host a 3-on-3 competition, before a Nike + dunk contest kicked off. Legends of the game Luol Deng and Scottie Pippen took to the court inspiring the next generation of ballers. Things really heated up as Team Nike from NYC narrowly edged out a GB All-Star team in a hard fought 5-on-5 spectacular. The festival ended in style as the best of basketball & hip-hop came together at the 02 Academy Brixton in front of a packed house of 5000. Dot Rotten, Angel and Big Boi rocked the stage as international dunkers Guy Dupuy & Steve Lobel stunned the crowd with some unbelievable slams.
- published: 04 Jul 2012
- views: 183201
- author: nikebasketball
THE ANALOGS Strzelby z Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Cover piosenki 'Guns Of Brixton" z repertuaru THE CLASH w wykonaniu zespołu THE ANALOGS, który znalazł się na pierwszym albumie "Oi! Młodzież" wydanym w 1996 roku przez wytwórnię Rocknrolle (później przemianowaną na Jimmy Jazz Records). Piosenka została nagrana w Szczecinie w studio Kakadoo w oryginalnym składzie zespołu: Harry- wokal, Oreł- gitara, Piguła- bas i Ziemek- perkusja. Realizatorem nagrań był Piotr Bursakowski.
http://wn.com/THE_ANALOGS_Strzelby_z_Brixton
Cover piosenki 'Guns Of Brixton" z repertuaru THE CLASH w wykonaniu zespołu THE ANALOGS, który znalazł się na pierwszym albumie "Oi! Młodzież" wydanym w 1996 roku przez wytwórnię Rocknrolle (później przemianowaną na Jimmy Jazz Records). Piosenka została nagrana w Szczecinie w studio Kakadoo w oryginalnym składzie zespołu: Harry- wokal, Oreł- gitara, Piguła- bas i Ziemek- perkusja. Realizatorem nagrań był Piotr Bursakowski.
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 120394
- author: TheAnalogsTV
Nightwish - Ghost Love Score (London Brixton Academy 2012) [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:21
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
with Floor Jansen - 5th November 2012 ------------------------------------------------ Watch in HD! Sorry the sound goes wrong sometimes on this video - my finger was over the microphone trying to hold it in the air for 10 minutes without my arm dying!
http://wn.com/Nightwish_Ghost_Love_Score_London_Brixton_Academy_2012_HD_
with Floor Jansen - 5th November 2012 ------------------------------------------------ Watch in HD! Sorry the sound goes wrong sometimes on this video - my finger was over the microphone trying to hold it in the air for 10 minutes without my arm dying!
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 43285
- author: Tomodo
Bullet For My Valentine - Live At Brixton FULL (HD) DVD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:15
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Track listing "Intro" "Her Voice Resides" "4 Words (To Choke Upon)" "Suffocating Under Words of Sorrow (What Can I Do)" "All These Things I Hate (Revolve Around Me)" "The Poison" "Spit You Out" "Cries In Vain" "Just Another Star" "Tears Don't Fall" "No Control" "Hand of Blood" "The End
http://wn.com/Bullet_For_My_Valentine_Live_At_Brixton_FULL_HD_DVD
Track listing "Intro" "Her Voice Resides" "4 Words (To Choke Upon)" "Suffocating Under Words of Sorrow (What Can I Do)" "All These Things I Hate (Revolve Around Me)" "The Poison" "Spit You Out" "Cries In Vain" "Just Another Star" "Tears Don't Fall" "No Control" "Hand of Blood" "The End
- published: 29 Jul 2012
- views: 25937
- author: kornsepable
Dido - Live at Brixton Academy (2004)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:08
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Live at Brixton Academy (released as Dido Live on Region 1) is a live album and DVD set by Dido, released on 2005. It was recorded over three nights in August, 2004, at Brixton Academy in London during the Life For Rent tour. The DVD release includes a bonus audio CD which contains twelve of the recorded tracks, in a slightly modified order. Tracklist: 1. Stoned 2. Here With Me 3. See You When You're 40 4. Life For Rent 5. Hunter 6. Isobel 7. My Life 8. Honestly Ok 9. Don't Leave Home 10. Mary's In India 11. Take My Hand 12. Thankyou 13. Sand In My Shoes 14. White Flag 15. Do You Have A Little Time 16. All You Want 17. See The Sun
http://wn.com/Dido_Live_at_Brixton_Academy_2004
Live at Brixton Academy (released as Dido Live on Region 1) is a live album and DVD set by Dido, released on 2005. It was recorded over three nights in August, 2004, at Brixton Academy in London during the Life For Rent tour. The DVD release includes a bonus audio CD which contains twelve of the recorded tracks, in a slightly modified order. Tracklist: 1. Stoned 2. Here With Me 3. See You When You're 40 4. Life For Rent 5. Hunter 6. Isobel 7. My Life 8. Honestly Ok 9. Don't Leave Home 10. Mary's In India 11. Take My Hand 12. Thankyou 13. Sand In My Shoes 14. White Flag 15. Do You Have A Little Time 16. All You Want 17. See The Sun
- published: 20 Sep 2012
- views: 12548
- author: Namig Gashimov
Zebrahead - Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
The 12th song on the Zebrahead album, "Phoenix" [I thought I should upload it because YouTube doesn't seem to have it and it's awesome. I don't know why there's a big ass bit of silence at the end. It wasn't there when I made the video.] =S :)
http://wn.com/Zebrahead_Brixton
The 12th song on the Zebrahead album, "Phoenix" [I thought I should upload it because YouTube doesn't seem to have it and it's awesome. I don't know why there's a big ass bit of silence at the end. It wasn't there when I made the video.] =S :)
- published: 16 Sep 2008
- views: 174918
- author: xRiddlexOfxRevengex
The Prodigy - Brixton - lost jacket
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Filmed at O2 Academy Brixton December 2012
http://wn.com/The_Prodigy_Brixton_lost_jacket
Filmed at O2 Academy Brixton December 2012
- published: 24 Dec 2012
- views: 21185
- author: ProdigyChannel
Dido Live At Brixton Academy FULL Concert HD 720p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:08
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
TRACKLIST: 1 - Stoned 2 - Here with me 3 - See you when you're 40 4 - Life for rent 5 - Hunter 6 - Isobel 7 - My life 8 - Honestly OK 9 - Don't leave home 10 - Mary's in India 11 - Take my hand 12 - Thank you 13 - Sand in my shoes 14 - White flag 15 - Do you have a little time 16 - All you want 17 - See the sun
http://wn.com/Dido_Live_At_Brixton_Academy_FULL_Concert_HD_720p
TRACKLIST: 1 - Stoned 2 - Here with me 3 - See you when you're 40 4 - Life for rent 5 - Hunter 6 - Isobel 7 - My life 8 - Honestly OK 9 - Don't leave home 10 - Mary's in India 11 - Take my hand 12 - Thank you 13 - Sand in my shoes 14 - White flag 15 - Do you have a little time 16 - All you want 17 - See the sun
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 21605
- author: Celeste Romero
Robots of Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Brixton has degenerated into a disregarded area inhabited by London's new robot workforce - robots built and designed to carry out all of the tasks which humans are no longer inclined to do. The mechanical population of Brixton has rocketed, resulting in unplanned, cheap and quick additions to the skyline. The film follows the trials and tribulations of young robots surviving at the sharp end of inner city life, living the predictable existence of a populous hemmed in by poverty, disillusionment and mass unemployment. When the Police invade the one space which the robots can call their own, the fierce and strained relationship between the two sides explodes into an outbreak of violence echoing that of 1981. With Support from David Hoffman - Photographer Brixton riots Mourad Bennacer - Sound Designer DJ Hiatus "The Great Insurrection" Special thanks Russell Bywaters Guy Marriott Jamie Moniz Laurent Paul Robert Vesna Petresin Robert Zenna & Gaika Tavares Aisha Walters Sophia Yeo
http://wn.com/Robots_of_Brixton
Brixton has degenerated into a disregarded area inhabited by London's new robot workforce - robots built and designed to carry out all of the tasks which humans are no longer inclined to do. The mechanical population of Brixton has rocketed, resulting in unplanned, cheap and quick additions to the skyline. The film follows the trials and tribulations of young robots surviving at the sharp end of inner city life, living the predictable existence of a populous hemmed in by poverty, disillusionment and mass unemployment. When the Police invade the one space which the robots can call their own, the fierce and strained relationship between the two sides explodes into an outbreak of violence echoing that of 1981. With Support from David Hoffman - Photographer Brixton riots Mourad Bennacer - Sound Designer DJ Hiatus "The Great Insurrection" Special thanks Russell Bywaters Guy Marriott Jamie Moniz Laurent Paul Robert Vesna Petresin Robert Zenna & Gaika Tavares Aisha Walters Sophia Yeo
- published: 27 Jun 2011
- views: 64550
- author: Kibwe Tavares
Blind Faith (Live At Brixton Academy, 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Music video by Chase & Status performing Blind Faith. (C) 2012 Chase & Status under exclusive licence to Mercury Records Limited
http://wn.com/Blind_Faith_Live_At_Brixton_Academy,_2011
Music video by Chase & Status performing Blind Faith. (C) 2012 Chase & Status under exclusive licence to Mercury Records Limited
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 45905
- author: ChaseAndStatusVEVO
![Green Day - Brixton Academy 1995 Full Concert [HQ]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121225062450im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/1riNrSA9JQ0/default.jpg "Green Day - Brixton Academy 1995 Full Concert [HQ]")
Green Day - Brixton Academy 1995 Full Concert [HQ]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:26
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
1995.09.20 - Brixton Academy, Brixton. Setlist: [00:00]. Welcome To Paradise [03:45]. Burnout [06:25]. Chump [09:00]. Longview [12:12]. Stuck With Me [15:28]. Geek Stink Breath [17:58]. 2000 Light Years Away [21:58]. Knowledge [25:39]. Basket Case [28:19]. She [31:20]. Coming Clean [33:26]. FOD [35:50]. Paper Lanterns [45:36]. All by Myself [46:30]. Dominated Love Slave [49:18]. When I Come Around [52:11]. Jaded
http://wn.com/Green_Day_Brixton_Academy_1995_Full_Concert_HQ_
1995.09.20 - Brixton Academy, Brixton. Setlist: [00:00]. Welcome To Paradise [03:45]. Burnout [06:25]. Chump [09:00]. Longview [12:12]. Stuck With Me [15:28]. Geek Stink Breath [17:58]. 2000 Light Years Away [21:58]. Knowledge [25:39]. Basket Case [28:19]. She [31:20]. Coming Clean [33:26]. FOD [35:50]. Paper Lanterns [45:36]. All by Myself [46:30]. Dominated Love Slave [49:18]. When I Come Around [52:11]. Jaded
- published: 10 Jun 2012
- views: 37556
- author: GD Mec
HD Rihanna Live Rated R // Launch Party Brixton Academy London 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 36:20
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Rihanna Rated R Launch Party Live Brixton Academy Tracklist 01. The Mad House 02. Wait Your Turn 03. Russian Roulette 04. Don't Stop The Music 05. Take A Bow 06. Disturbia 07. Hard (ft. Young Jeezy) 08. SOS / Unfaithful 09. Live Your Life 10. Run This Town (ft. Jay-Z) 11. Umbrella (ft. Jay-Z)
http://wn.com/HD_Rihanna_Live_Rated_R_Launch_Party_Brixton_Academy_London_2009
Rihanna Rated R Launch Party Live Brixton Academy Tracklist 01. The Mad House 02. Wait Your Turn 03. Russian Roulette 04. Don't Stop The Music 05. Take A Bow 06. Disturbia 07. Hard (ft. Young Jeezy) 08. SOS / Unfaithful 09. Live Your Life 10. Run This Town (ft. Jay-Z) 11. Umbrella (ft. Jay-Z)
- published: 06 Jul 2012
- views: 50152
- author: RihannaVIDDY
Deek Jackson Live @ The Half Moon Brixton 18/12/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:08
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
www.deekjackson.com
http://wn.com/Deek_Jackson_Live_@_The_Half_Moon_Brixton_18_12_12
Placebo - Every You Every Me (Live At Brixton Academy 28/09/2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Taken from the 'We Come In Pieces' DVD released on 31/10/2011 www.placeboworld.co.uk
http://wn.com/Placebo_Every_You_Every_Me_Live_At_Brixton_Academy_28_09_2010
Taken from the 'We Come In Pieces' DVD released on 31/10/2011 www.placeboworld.co.uk
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 155977
- author: officialplacebo
Nouvelle Vague - Guns of Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Guns of Brixton by french band Nouvelle Vague, from their self-titled album. (Original song by The Clash)
http://wn.com/Nouvelle_Vague_Guns_of_Brixton
Guns of Brixton by french band Nouvelle Vague, from their self-titled album. (Original song by The Clash)
- published: 11 Jun 2010
- views: 289658
- author: inmyfuckoffpocket
Slash - Rise Today (Alter Bridge Cover) with Mark Tremonti (Live At O2 Academy Brixton) 11/10/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators performing with Mark Tremonti "Rise Today" (Alter Bridge cover) Live at the O2 Academy Brixton (11/10/12).
http://wn.com/Slash_Rise_Today_Alter_Bridge_Cover_with_Mark_Tremonti_Live_At_O2_Academy_Brixton_11_10_12
Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators performing with Mark Tremonti "Rise Today" (Alter Bridge cover) Live at the O2 Academy Brixton (11/10/12).
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 14481
- author: Tim Veness
Jimmy Cliff feat. Tim Armstrong (Rancid) - Guns of Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Cliff_feat_Tim_Armstrong_Rancid_Guns_of_Brixton
The Mighty Boosh Live at Brixton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 142:13
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
The Mighty Boosh Live was released on DVD on the 13 November 2006. Recorded at the Brixton Academy in April. I don't own anything in this video.
http://wn.com/The_Mighty_Boosh_Live_at_Brixton
The Mighty Boosh Live was released on DVD on the 13 November 2006. Recorded at the Brixton Academy in April. I don't own anything in this video.
- published: 21 May 2012
- views: 52409
- author: ZombieNinjaWarrior23
photo: AP / Aijaz Rahi
22 Dec 2012
Tweet. 0 Email. Report. Photo 1 of 18. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country. Credit. Aimee Kligman. In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics. She is an icon of fashion in her country.In 2009, ELLE Magazine named Mrs Assad the most stylish woman in world politics ... Syrians detained by the Assad regime. 13 Photos ... 10 Photos ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP / Virginie Nguyen Huang
23 Dec 2012
Tweet. Moscow, Dec 23 (IANS/RIA Novosti) Chemical weapons in Syria are under the control of the government, which has consolidated them in one or two locations, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said. "As of right now, the (Syrian) government is doing all it can to safeguard those weapons," he said. "We are following all leads concerning chemical weapons," Lavrov said ... "My answer is very simple. Why use us as a postman ... pm/ ... ) .. ). ... . ....(size: 3.2Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Giorgione
24 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. A deadly silence immediately followed after a bullet penetrated the calf's skull. Against my wishes, Vic had decided against either amputating its leg or contacting a veterinarian-something he reasoned would have been too expensive. The unfortunate calf had slid down into a ravine where its hind leg, which was mangled and torn, became wrapped in barbed wire ... But it was more than a bellow ... 9....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP / Musadeq Sadeq
24 Dec 2012
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — An Afghan policewoman shot and killed an American adviser outside the police headquarters in Kabul on Monday, the latest in a rising tide of insider attacks by Afghans against their foreign allies, senior Afghan officials said. The woman, identified as Afghan police Sgt ... The woman was taken into Afghan custody shortly after the attack ... As many Afghans, the policewoman uses only one name ... Air Force Lt. Col ... Gen ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
photo: AP / Altaf Qadri
23 Dec 2012
A commission will be set up to probe the gang-rape and torture of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi and measures to ensure such crimes do not recur while laws will be amended to enhance punishment for rape, Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde said . He also appealed the thousands of protesters on the capital’s streets, demanding justice for the victim, to withdraw ... “The government is serious on the issue. ... . . ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Skiddle
25 Dec 2012
Brixton Jamm, London Wed 26th December 2012. Up2Beat Productions present another edition of their brilliant Bass Heaven parties and have pulled a Christmas cracker of a line up. Date. Wednesday 26th December 2012. Venue. Brixton Jamm ». Location. London ». Doors. 10.00pm til 6.00am (last entry 6.00am). Short url. http.//www.skiddle.com/events/11749984/. event info venue news Bass Heaven details ... Tenor Fly ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Skiddle
24 Dec 2012
Electric Brixton, Brixton Mon 31st December 2012 ... Date. Monday 31st December 2012 (New Year's Eve). Venue. Electric Brixton ». Location. London ». Doors. 9.00pm til 7.00am (last entry 1.00am). Short url ... Accepted. ... Electric Brixton, London ... underground house DJs in the world to Electric Brixton ... and their first show at Electric Brixton shows all the hallmarks of a truly memorable night ... House ... Find more New Year's Eve events in Brixton....(size: 5.5Kb)
Skiddle
24 Dec 2012
Fans of underground house will be in safe hands at Electric Brixton this NYE as Defected Records bring a night of pure, unadulterated underground to London. Tweet. Date published. 24th Dec 2012 ... Now they wrap up the year with a truly impressive line-up at Electric Brixton, as Dennis Ferrer, Deetron, Noir, Simon Dunmore, Copyright and Sam Divine put the south London venue through its paces ... ... Date. Monday 31st December 2012Event ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Skiddle
23 Dec 2012
The Ritzy, London Fri 28th December 2012. Swing Patrol's new monthly Blues dance night sets down roots in the heart of the hearty Brixton... Date. Friday 28th December 2012. Venue. The Ritzy ». Location. London ». Doors ... Swing Patrols new monthly Blues dance night sets down roots in the heart of the hearty Brixton ... ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Guardian
23 Dec 2012
Roundhouse, London. Happy Mondays' Bez at the Roundhouse, London. 'the only jester whose antics never grow old'. Photograph ... And yet their sepulchral beat assault remains a potent draw, filling two nights at Brixton Academy, ostensibly to mark the end of the world ... You might have thought that a band who played a 13-date UK tour and three triumphant nights at Brixton last spring might have seen out 2012 with a deserved bang ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
The Guardian
23 Dec 2012
BBC News
23 Dec 2012
The controversy surrounding former chief whip Andrew Mitchell's row with police officers in Downing Street that led to his resignation makes the lead for several of Sunday's newspapers. In a Sunday Times article about what he calls his "gate trouble", Mr Mitchell asks. "If this can happen to a senior government minister, then what chance would a youth in Brixton or Wandsworth have?" ... Hospital malpractice ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Guardian
23 Dec 2012
Former chief whip says he was accused of using 'awful toxic language' in an attempt to destroy his political career. Andrew Mitchell says email was 'concerted attempt to toxify the Conservative party and destroy my political career'. Photograph. Oli Scarff/Getty Images ... If this can happen to a senior government minister, then what chance does a youth in Brixton or Handsworth have?" ... He writes ... The former chief whip writes ... I was devastated....(size: 6.8Kb)
Skiddle
22 Dec 2012
Veranda Bar, Brixton Sun 23rd December 2012. Sunday SouLounge presents the CHRISTMAS Live Music & Food Fest. Date. Sunday 23rd December 2012. Venue. Veranda Bar ». Location. London ». Doors ... Short url ... On SUNDAY 23rd DECEMBER join us at VERANDA, in the heart of BRIXTON for an afternoon CHRISTMAS celebration featuring 10 LIVE ACTS. 4pm 10pm ... Poni ... 30 Acre Lane, Brixton, SW2 5SG ... Find more events on Sunday 23rd December 2012 in Brixton....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Guardian
22 Dec 2012
I Love Acid Xmas Rave . Kill Yr Idols . Rinse Xmas Party . Mumu Boxing Night . Junk Love Xmas Special. I Love Acid Xmas Rave, London. If you're reading this, presumably the apocalypse didn't materialise yesterday ... Corsica Studios, SE17, Sat ... The rules are simple ... Since then, she has racked up an impressive list of shows at the cooler end of the capital circuit, including a residency at Brixton's highly regarded terrace party Get Diverted ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)
Irish Times
22 Dec 2012
STEPHEN DIXON. MEMOIR. My Old Man. A Personal History of Music Hall, By John Major, Harper Press, 363pp, £20. ... In the 1950s that business failed; Major Ball and his second wife, Gwen (John’s mother), lost their family home and moved to a ramshackle house in Brixton owned by a man John knew as Uncle Tom but who proved to be Moss, John’s half-brother though 40 years his senior ... This is a pity ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
Stockhouse
21 Dec 2012
21, 2012 /CNW/ - Brixton Metals Corporation (TSXV. BBB) (the "Company" or "Brixton") announces that it has closed its previously announced non-brokered private placement financing (the "Private Placement"). Pursuant to the Private Placement, the Company issued 6,609,500 flow-through shares of Brixton (the "FT Shares") at a price of $0.20 per FT Share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $1,321,900 ... Brixton Metals Corporation ....(size: 4.1Kb)
Skiddle
21 Dec 2012
Brixton Jamm, London Fri 21st December 2012. A.L.A.N have teamed up with none other than Jungle Syndicate to create a party that will see a line up of heavy hitters including headline DJ Switch. Date. Friday 21st December 2012. Venue. Brixton Jamm ». Location. London ». Doors. 10.00pm til 6.00am (last entry 6.00am). Short url. http.//www.skiddle.com/events/11773790/ ... Don't miss out. For your pleaure -. The RENOWNED ALAN Vibes ... Shedcore....(size: 3.4Kb)
For other places with the same name, see Brixton (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
| Brixton | |
 Lambeth Town Hall |
|
 Brixton
Brixton shown within Greater London |
|
| OS grid reference | TQ315755 |
|---|---|
| London borough | Lambeth |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | London |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | SW9, SW2 |
| Postcode district | SE5 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| EU Parliament | London |
| UK Parliament | Streatham |
| Vauxhall | |
| Dulwich & West Norwood | |
| London Assembly | Lambeth and Southwark |
| List of places: UK • England • London | |
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.[1]
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector.[2] It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,.[3] It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill.[4] The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.[5]
Contents |
History[link]
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.[6]
The area remained undeveloped until the beginning of the 19th century, the main settlements being near Stockwell, Brixton Hill and Coldharbour Lane. With the opening of Vauxhall Bridge in 1816 improved access to Central London led to a process of suburban development. The largest single development, and one of the last in suburban character, was Angell Town, laid out in the 1850s on the east side of Brixton Road, and so named after a family that owned land in Lambeth from the late 17th century until well into the 20th.[7]
One of a few surviving windmills in London, built in 1816, and surrounded by houses built during Brixton's Victorian expansion, is to be found just off Brixton Hill. When the London sewerage system was constructed during the mid-19th century, its designer Sir Joseph Bazalgette incorporated flows from the River Effra, which used to flow through Brixton, into his 'high-level interceptor sewer', also known as the Effra sewer.[citation needed]
Brixton was transformed into a middle class suburb between the 1860s and 1890s. Railways linked Brixton with the centre of London when the Chatham Main Line was built through the area by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway in the 1860s. In 1880, Electric Avenue was so named after it became the first street in London to be lit by electricity. In this time large expensive houses were constructed along the main roads in Brixton, which were converted into flats and boarding houses at the turn of the century as the middle classes were replaced by an influx of the working classes. By 1925 Brixton attracted thousands, amongst others housing the largest shopping centre in South London at the time, as well as a thriving market, cinemas, pubs and a theatre. In the 1920s Brixton was the shopping capital of South London with three large department stores and some of the earliest branches of what are now Britain's major national retailers. Today Brixton Road is the main shopping area, fusing into Brixton Market. The dominant building on Brixton High Street (472-488 Brixton Road), "Morleys Of Brixton" is an independent department store that survives from the 1920s.[7][8]
On the western boundary of Brixton with Clapham stands the Sunlight Laundry, an Art Deco factory building. Designed by architect F.E. Simpkins and erected in 1937, this is one of the few Art Deco buildings that is still owned by the firm that commissioned it, and is still used for its original purpose.
The Brixton area was bombed during World War II, contributing to a severe housing crisis, which in turn led to urban decay. This was followed by slum clearances and the building of council housing. In the 1940s and 1950s many immigrants, particularly from the West Indies, settled in Brixton.[7] More recent immigrants include a large Portuguese community (see Little Portugal) and other EU citizens. Brixton also has an increasingly ageing population, which affects housing strategies in the area.[9]
The Windrush generation[link]
Main article: British African-Caribbean community
Main article: Empire Windrush
The first wave of immigrants (492 individuals) that formed the British African-Caribbean community arrived in 1948 on the Empire Windrush from Jamaica and were temporarily housed in the Clapham South deep shelter. The nearest Labour Exchange (Jobcentre) was on Coldharbour Lane, Brixton, and the new arrivals spread out into local accommodation.[11][12][13]
Many only intended to stay in Britain for a few years, and although a number returned to the Caribbean, the majority remained to settle permanently.[11] The arrival of the passengers has become an important landmark in the history of modern Britain, and the image of West Indians filing off its gangplank has come to symbolise the beginning of modern British multicultural society.[11] In 1998 the area in front of the Tate Library in Brixton was renamed "Windrush Square" to mark the 50th anniversary of the arrival of the Windrush.[7]
Brixton riots[link]
Main article: Brixton riot (1880)
Main article: 1981 Brixton riot
Main article: Brixton riot (1985)
Main article: Brixton riot (1995)
Main article: Brixton riot (2011)
There were riots circa 1880, as electicity was first introduced in London, with opponents calling it the "The invisible Killer".
Brixton was the scene of riots in April 1981 at a time when Brixton underwent deep social and economic problems — high unemployment, high crime, poor housing, no amenities — in a predominantly African-Caribbean community.[14] The Metropolitan Police began Operation Swamp 81 at the beginning of April, aimed at reducing street crime, mainly through the heavy use of the so-called sus law, which allowed police to stop and search individuals on the basis of a mere 'suspicion' of wrong-doing. Plain clothes police officers were dispatched into Brixton, and in five days almost 1,000 people were stopped and searched.[15] The riot resulted in almost 279 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public;[16] over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with thirty burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved in the riot.[17]
Following the 1981 Brixton riot the Government commissioned a public inquiry into the riot headed by Lord Scarman. The Scarman report was published in November 1981 and found unquestionable evidence of the disproportionate and indiscriminate use of 'stop and search' powers by the police against black people. The report made a number of recommendations and led to a new code for police behaviour in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and the creation of an independent Police Complaints Authority in 1985.[18] The 1999 Macpherson Report, an investigation into the murder of Stephen Lawrence, found that recommendations of the 1981 Scarman report had been ignored and concluded that the police force was "institutionally racist".[19]
In the 1983 general election, the British National Party (BNP) obtained a Party Election Broadcast on television. The broadcast was transmitted on 31 May and consisted of John Tyndall, flanked by two Union Flags, and images of the 1981 Brixton riot as Tyndall's speech attempted to encourage nationalism over racism.[20] The giving of television time to the BNP was controversial, and was debated on Right to Reply on Channel 4.[21]
The 1985 Brixton riot followed the police shooting of a black woman, Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce, after the police entered her house looking for her son Michael Groce. Although the Brixton area subsequently saw pioneering community policing initiatives, the continued death of young black men in police custody (and in one case the death of a man pointing a fake gun at people) coupled with general distrust of the police led to smaller scale protests through the 1990s. The Brixton riots in 1995 were initially sparked by the death of a black man in police custody (Wayne Douglas) and occurred in an atmosphere of discontent about the gentrification of Brixton.
Former Prime Minister John Major's Brixton roots were used in a campaign poster during the Conservative Party's 1992 election campaign: "What does the Conservative Party offer a working class kid from Brixton? They made him Prime Minister."[22]
Brixton bombing[link]
On 17 April 1999 neo-nazi bomber David Copeland planted a nail bomb in Electric Avenue, which exploded on a market day by the Iceland supermarket at the junction with Brixton Road (Brixton High Street). Around 50 people were injured. Copeland was sentenced to six life sentences in June 2000.
The Brixton bombing is reported to have targeted the black community in Brixton. Copeland also bombed Brick Lane, the heart of East London's Bangladeshi and Asian community, and the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho, London, frequented predominantly by the gay community. The BBC reports that Copeland intended to ignite a race war across Britain with his bombing campaign.[23]
A 2009 play about the events, The First Domino, was written by one victim in the Soho attack.[24]
JayDay Cannabis Festival[link]
From 2001 to 2004 Brockwell Park hosted the annual Cannabis Festival, or JayDay, organised by the Cannabis Coalition. The police reportedly maintained a low profile, tolerating the smoking of cannabis.[25][26] In 2005 the London Borough of Lambeth rejected the application for a further Cannabis Festival on the following grounds:
"While Lambeth Council supports freedom of speech and the right to take part in a legitimate campaign, the council cannot condone illegal activities such as cannabis use and drug pushing - both of which have taken place at a previous festival held by the Cannabis Coalition. Indeed council officers monitoring the event in the past were approached by drug dealers who offered them drugs."[27]
Gentrification[link]
Brixton has slowly undergone gentrification since the 1990's, resulting in a high influx of white middle-class residents who take advantage of the location and the thriving Bohemian art scene[28]. In recent years Brixton has hosted a regular farmers market on Station Road, as well as Pop-up restaurants and pop-up shops. New art galleries, delicatessens, bars, cafe's and vintage clothing stores, particularly in and around Brixton Village Market have also opened creating gentrification similar to that in nearby Clapham. [29] [30] [31] [32]
Transition Town[link]
Brixton was one of the first inner city based 'Transition Town' projects in the UK.[33] Brockwell Park hosts the now annual Urban Green Fair, first held in summer 2007.[34]
Brixton Pound[link]
The Brixton Pound was launched on 17 September 2009 by Transition Town Brixton.[35] The Brixton Pound is a local currency that is available as an alternative to the pound sterling.[36] The first trading day of the Brixton Pound was on 18 September 2009 with 80 local businesses accepting the currency.[37]
The Brixton Pound aims to boost the local economy and build a mutual support system amongst independent businesses by tying local shoppers to local shops and by encouraging local shops to source goods and services locally.[37] The notes are available in B£1, B£5, B£10 and B£20 denominations and depict local celebrities such as the community activist Olive Morris and the environmentalist James Lovelock. Lambeth council has endorsed the project[37] which the New Economics Foundation helped to develop.[38]
On September 29, 2011, the Brixton Pound launched an electronic version of the currency where users can pay by text message.
A second issue of the paper currency was also launched, featuring a new set of Brixton Heroes. On the B£1, founder of the Black Cultural Archives, Len Garrison, the B£5, Chicago Bulls’ Luol Deng, David Bowie on the B£10 and on the B£20, WWII secret agent, Violette Szabo.
The reverse of the notes, designed by Brixton agency This Ain't Rock'n'Roll, feature notable local landmarks such as the Stockwell Skatepark, public art on Electric Avenue, Nuclear Dawn – one of the Brixton murals – and the Stirling Prize-winning Evelyn Grace Academy. All four notes feature a design motif inspired by Coldharbour Lane's Southwyck House (or 'Barrier Block').
Housing[link]
Housing estates[link]
Brixton is home to six big housing estates:Stockwell Park Estate off Stockwell and Brixton Roads respectively; Myatts Field off Vassall Road; Angell Town off Brixton Road on the boundary with Camberwell; Loughborough in the centre of Brixton; Moorlands Estate, situated off Coldharbour Lane; St Matthew's, located in the fork between Brixton Hill and Effra Road; Tulse Hill a little further south of St. Matthews.[3] The six estates account for a large part of the Brixton residence.[2]
Estates like the Stockwell Park Estate and the Angell Town Estate were originally designed to accommodate high-level walkways which were envisaged to link the whole of Brixton. The ground floor garages of these estates have proved to be a major security problem.[9] The Somerleyton Estate is dominated by Southwyck House (known locally as 'Barrier Block'), a large horseshoe-shaped brick and concrete 1970s structure which backs onto Coldharbour Lane. The 176-apartment block was originally constructed in this shape to provide a noise barrier against Ringway 1, a proposed inner-London motorway which was planned to pass through Brixton and Camberwell, later abandoned.[39]
Some housing estates have been linked with urban decay and crime. New gates and iron bars have been constructed for the Loughborough Estate around Loughborough Road and Minet Road in response to a number of murders around the estate. The Loughborough Estate is home to more than 3,000 families and a mix of 1940s low-rise buildings and 1960s/1970s tower blocks and houses.[3] Problems of urban decay have been reported around Loughborough Junction, the catchment area for Loughborough Estate, the Angell Town Estate and the Moorlands Estate.[40]
File:Brixton 1889.jpg
Map of Brixton in 1889, showing Coldharbour Lane, Angell Town and Loughborough Road. Published in Life and Labour of the People in London by Charles Booth. The red areas are "middle-class, well-to-do" and the yellow areas are "upper-middle and upper classes, wealthy".
Victorian buildings[link]
Brixton still features some grand Victorian housing.[3] As bridges were built across the Thames in the early 19th century those working in the City of London and the London West End moved to south London. The earliest built development was in Washway, now Brixton Road. With the enclosing of the Manor of Lambeth, owned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1806 and the opening of Vauxhall Bridge in 1816 development of terraced houses and detached villas started to line the main roads. St Matthew's Church in the centre of Brixton was consecrated in 1824, indicating a sizable population by this time. The Rush Common enclosure stipulations dictated that the large terraced and detached houses that were built along the main roads were set back from the road, allowing for generous gardens. The windmill was erected in 1816 by John Ashby on Brixton Hill and the Surrey House of Correction, later Brixton prison, was established in 1819.[6]
Brixton Market[link]
Main article: Brixton Market
With the arrival of the railway in Brixton in the 1870s a building boom set in and Brixton developed into a major shopping centre. The first purpose built department store, Bon Marche, was opened on Brixton Road in 1877 and Electric Avenue was one of the first shopping arcades to have electric lighting. The now famous Brixton Market began in Atlantic Road and was moved to Station Road in the 1920s to ease traffic congestion.[6] Brixton Market is open every day selling a range of Afro-Caribbean products and reflects other communities in the local area with Indian and Vietnamese supermarkets and South American butchers amongst the shops and stalls.[citation needed]. London Farmers' Markets opened a farmers market on Brixton Station Road in September 2009. It is open every Sunday from 10am-2pm.
Culture[link]
Brixton murals[link]
Main article: Brixton murals
After the riots in 1981 a series of murals was funded by the council, although there is no evidence to show that murals have any direct correlation to the level of violence within a community. The murals portray nature, politics, community and ideas. the surviving murals include the Brixton Academy Mural (Stockwell Park Walk) by Stephen Pusey (1982) showing a mixed group of young people, intended to portray the natural harmony that could be found between children of mixed backgrounds in the local schools.
Entertainment[link]
The Ritzy Cinema, Coldharbour Lane, is a formerly independent cinema now owned by Picturehouse Cinemas. The building was designed as the Electric Pavilion in 1910 by E. C. Homer and Lucas, one of England's first purpose-built cinemas.[41]
Brixton has a significant clubbing and live music scene. Large venues include Brixton Academy, The Fridge and Mass at St Matthew's Church. A range of smaller venues such as The Prince Albert, The Prince / DexClub, The Windmill, The Dogstar, Jamm, The Telegraph, Plan B, South Beach Bar, The 414, The Effra Tavern, Upstairs at the Ritzy, and The Grosvenor are a major part of London's live music scene.[42] The Brixton Splash is an annual one-day street party held since 2006. The event is community run, showcasing local talent and celebrating the cultural diversity and history of Brixton.[43]
Brixton is also home to a 1970s purpose-built skatepark, named Stockwell Skatepark.[citation needed]
Music Scene and Gang Rivalry[link]
In recent years Brixton has been at the forefront of UK Grime/Hip-Hop and Rap. Many artists are YouTube, Twitter and recently iTunes chart sensations. These artists have many followers, with a main fan base and popularity being amongst London youth. Artists such as Political Peak, Ard Adz & Sho Shallow, Logic, Tempman, English Frank and DVS who all grew up in Loughborough Junction, Angell Town and Myatt Fields Estates. Many Brixton artists are former members of notorious PDC, GAS GANG, L.S/L.J, OC CREW also OBY.
Religious sites[link]
Brixton Synagogue[link]
Brixton Synagogue in Effra Road closed in 1986, the congregation amalgamating with the Streatham Synagogue. The front of the building still exists.[44]
Christian churches[link]
Brixton lies within the Anglican Diocese of Southwark.[45] The grade II* listed St Matthew's Church, located on Brixton Green, was built in 1822 by the architect C. F. Porden in the Greek Revival style. It is one of the "Waterloo churches" built to celebrate Britain's victory at the Battle of Waterloo. Today, its basement is used as the venue for the "Mass" nightclub.
The 1868 parish church of St Jude, located on Dulwich Road, was designed by the architect John Kirk of Woolwich. It closed in 1975, and the parish merged with St Matthew's. The church building is today used as business premises by a publishing company.[46]
Christ Church on Brixton Road is an Art Nouveau and Byzantine-style Grade II* listed building built in 1902 by Beresford Pite,[47] and St Paul's church on Ferndale Road was originally built in 1958 as a Seventh-day Adventist church by John Soper.
Brixton is under the remit of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark.[48]
Brixton Mosque[link]
Main article: Brixton Mosque
The Masjid ibn Taymeeyah, or Brixton Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre, is located in Gresham Road, close to Brixton Police Station. The mosque has facilities for both men and women and space for 400 worshippers during prayer.[49] Opened in 1990 it is one of the oldest mosques in South London. The mosque provides religious, social and financial support to its members.[50]
The mosque made international headlines when it was reported that Richard Reid, the so called "shoe bomber" had attended the mosque. Abdul Haqq Baker, chairman of Brixton Mosque told the BBC that Reid came to the mosque to learn about Islam but soon fell in with what he called "more extreme elements".[51] Zacarias Moussaoui, who was convicted of conspiring to kill citizens of the USA as part of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, made his initial steps into radical indoctrination in Brixton Mosque, where he met Reid, though he was expelled from the mosque after he turned up wearing combat fatigues and a backpack, and pressured the cleric to give him information on joining the jihad. Abdullah el-Faisal, a radical Muslim cleric who preached in the UK until imprisoned for stirring up hatred and later deported to Jamaica in 2007, was associated with the Brixton Mosque and began preaching to crowds of up to 500 people, but was ousted by its Salafi administration in 1993. [52][52] Afterward, he gave a lecture he called The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis, scorning the Salafi Muslims (especially the members of the Brixton Mosque), calling them hypocrites and apostates (takfir).[53]
Brixton was a site of a conference after the London bombings, at which local Muslims condemned all use of terror and indiscriminate killing. Footage of the conference was included in a 6-part ITV series called Mosque. It included local Muslims talking about the discrimination they face from people not able to differentiate between Muslims and terrorists, and the local Brixton community, on the whole, is described as welcoming towards Muslims.[54][unreliable source?]
Policing, drugs and crime[link]
Operation Swamp[link]
Main article: 1981 Brixton riot
Before the 1981 riot was the centre of Operation Swamp 81 aimed at reducing street crime mainly through the heavy use of the so-called sus law, which allowed police to stop and search individuals on the basis of a mere 'suspicion' of wrong-doing. Plainclothes police officers were dispatched into Brixton, and in five days almost 1,000 people were stopped and searched. The local community was not consulted about the operation and tensions between the black community and the police on the streets of Brixton reached breaking point. Local residents complained about young, inexperienced police officers being sent on the streets, provoking confrontation.[55]
Gang culture[link]
Main article: Yardies
In 2003 The Independent reported that around 200 "hardcore Yardies" are based in Lambeth, some operating as members of "Firehouse Posse" or Brixton's "Cartel Crew".[56] Yardies were historically associated with Jamaican immigrants and had a recognised stronghold in Brixton. Parts of Brixton were referred to as "Little Tivoli" after "Tivoli Gardens", a notorious "garrison community" in Jamaica ruled by gunmen.[57][58] In 1999 a scandal broke over Metropolitan Police detectives allowing two known Jamaican Yardies to stay in Britain as an intelligence tool. Eaton Green, one of the Yardies, escaped bail in Jamaica in 1991 and settled in Brixton dealing in crack cocaine. Three months later Green was arrested by a Brixton constable, Steve Barker, and became a paid informer. Green provided intelligence about Yardie activity for two years, continuing the use of firearms and the dealing of crack throughout this time.[59]
Several gangs are headquartered in the Brixton area. The "Murderzone" (MZ) gang, which is involved in illegal drug dealing, hail from the Somerleyton Estate.[60] The "Poverty Driven Children"/"Pil dem crew" (PDC/PDC) are located in the Angell Town and Loughborough Junction area.[61][62] "Organised Crime" (OC), a gang linked with various shootings and an ongoing rivalry with the Peckham Boys, are based in the Myatts Field Estate.[63][64]
Members of these gangs are mostly in their late teens or early 20s, with gang leaders usually being childhood friends. Brought up in some of London's poorest areas some gang members reportedly move from house to house on an almost nightly basis, making it hard to track them. According to the Metropolitan Police these youth gangs are "far from organised criminal masterminds", however they continue to evade the police and have been responsible for numerous offences of homicide. Operation Trident officers stated that it is a "struggle" to persuade local people to testify, because of fear of reprisals. Trident officers stated that some gang members were "inept at handling powerful guns", and that gangs have machine guns, 9 mm. According to the detective many of the deactivated guns are shipped in from the Balkans and then reactivated.[65]
Drugs[link]
Some media commentators have called Brixton "the drugs capital of London"[66] and Val Shawcross, Labour representative on the London Assembly for Lambeth and Southwark, runs a "Brixton Drug Crime" campaign. She states on her website:
I have been raising the disgraceful state of Brixton and the existence of an open drugs market in the centre - with the Council, Mayor and the Metropolitan police....The police, the Drugs and Firearms Unit and Transport Operational Unit officers have been undertaking long-term surveillance of the area(Brixton Town Centre) culminating in a three-day operation at the end of June to arrest those dealing Class A drugs...The police will be carrying out continuing covert operations in Brixton and patrolling with drug detection dogs. This is a long-term crackdown with the aim on cleaning the dealers out of Brixton.(retrieved July 2008)[67]
Brixton has a reputation for cannabis use, and the BBC has quoted a local resident as saying "People have always smoked cannabis in Brixton - everyone knows that, people have walked down the street smoking spliffs for years." This reputation was amplified by the "softly softly" police approach to cannabis that was piloted in Brixton in 2001 to 2005. Concerns were raised about "drug tourism" to the area.[40] The "softly-softly" pilot occurred in the context of a wider debate in Britain about the classification of cannabis. Despite the pilot being stopped and replaced by a "no deal" policy, the Metropolitan Police was in favour of a reclassification of cannabis from class B to class C. Cannabis was officially reclassified in Britain from a class B down to a class C drug in early 2004. In January 2009 the UK government reclassified cannabis back to a class B drug.[68][69][70]
Brian Paddick[link]
In 2001 Brixton became subject of newspaper headlines due to the implementation of a pilot cannabis programme, also known as the "softly softly" approach, initiated by Brian Paddick, then Police Commander for the London Borough of Lambeth. Police officers were instructed not to arrest or charge people who were found to be in possession of cannabis. They were instead to issue on-the-spot warnings and confiscate the drugs. Although Paddick is credited with the idea, the pilot programme was sanctioned by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, Sir John Stevens. Paddick asserts that he implemented the policy because he wanted his officers to deal with cannabis quickly and informally so that they could concentrate on heroin and crack cocaine offences, and street robbery and burglary, which were affecting the quality of life in Lambeth to a greater extent.[71] The pilot was ended December 2005 and was replaced by a so called "no deal" policy on cannabis in Brixton following complaints about increasing numbers of dealers openly selling the drug.[72]
Paddick was a sergeant on the front line during the 1981 Brixton riot,[73] an experience which shaped his attitudes about confrontational police action and strengthened his belief in community policing.[74] In December 2000 he was appointed Police Commander for the London Borough of Lambeth where he worked until December 2002,[75] fulfilling his ambition of becoming head of policing in Brixton.[76] Paddick gained much support from the local community for his approach to policing and addressed a rally in his support in March 2002, leading Dominic Casciani from the BBC to comment:
If someone had said just five years ago that black, white, young and old, straight and gay, liberal and anarchist would all be standing together giving a standing ovation to a police commander in Brixton, people might have said they had smoked one spliff too many.[77]
Gun crime[link]
In June 1998 gun crime in Brixton was reported on widely in connection with the linked murder of Avril Johnson and Michelle Carby, in Brixton and Stratford respectively. Both women were shot in their homes in separate, but connected attacks. Both victims were shot in the head.[78] In 2008 Tony Thompson, a former Time Out news editor, reported that "Gun crime began to escalate following a series of South London gang executions in the late 1990s." Thompson states that "Previous Met operations were seen as putting down the black community. Trident, from the start, was intelligence-led and had strong links with the black community."[79]
In 2001 the Metropolitan Police raised concerns over rapidly increasing gun crime in London. At the time Lambeth had the highest rate of robberies in London. In July 2001 two armed police officers shot dead black 29 year old Derek Bennett in Brixton, Angell Town Estate, after Bennett brandished a gun-shaped cigarette lighter. The verdict of the subsequent inquest ruled that Bennett had been "lawfully killed", the verdict was upheld in a subsequent appeal.[80][81][82]
In December 2004 Operation Trident officers and armed officers were assisting Lambeth police in a number of stop and search operations targeting "suspected gunmen or vehicles that have been associated with firearms" and called "Operation Trident Swoop" by the police. The Metropolitan police hoped that "the searches will deter suspects from carrying weapons and prevent shootings taking place, as well as possibly recovering weapons and leading to arrests."[83] Superintendent Jerry Savill, Lambeth Police has responsibility for policing in the Brixton area, stated:
This operation is aimed very specifically at people we have information to suggest may be involved in gun crime or other offences. We want to send out a very clear message to those who carry guns in Lambeth, don't. It is time to stop the vast majority of people in this borough feeling afraid to be on the street and make it the gunmen who are fearful of their community helping the police to arrest them.[83]
In September 2006 Brixton was the scene of a widely reported shooting, involving two boys being shot in the packed McDonald's on Brixton Road/Acre Lane.[84]
In 2007 firearm offences rose by 4 per cent in London, totalling 3,459 ‘gun-enabled’ crimes, including 30 gun murders of which nine victims were aged 18 or under. A series of gun crimes in the Brixton, Clapham and Streatham, including the Murders of three boys in one week, lead some media commentators to call the area ‘gun capital’.[85]
In popular culture[link]
- Mythology
Sir Walter Raleigh is said to have had a house in Brixton and been visited there by Queen Elizabeth I, who travelled by barge up the (now underground) River Effra to meet him. However, the name of Raleigh Hall appears to have no direct links to Sir Walter, and the Effra is not known to have been navigable south of Kennington. Brixton is also mentioned in the Sherlock Holmes stories A Study in Scarlet, The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle (1892) and The Adventure of the Three Garridebs (1924).
- Music
References to Brixton in song started with the release of "Whoppi King" by Laurel Aitken in 1968 and "Brixton Cat" by Dice the Boss in 1969. This was followed in August 1975 by a song written and sung by Geraint Hughes and Jeff Calvert (who billed themselves as "Typically Tropical"): two white men who told the story of a Brixton bus-driver "going to Barbados" with Coconut Airways to escape the rain in London.
- The 1979 song "The Guns of Brixton" by The Clash deals with law enforcement violence in Brixton. Written by Paul Simonon, who grew up in Brixton, it had a reggae influence and showed the reggae roots of both Brixton and Paul Simonon's musical background.
- Before a Jam gig, well-known punk band The Misfits were involved in a fight and thrown into Brixton Prison, which led them to write their song "London Dungeon".
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The song was the first composed solely by Paul Simonon and discusses an individual's paranoid outlook on life.
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- Ian Hunter's 1981 album Short Back 'n' Sides contains a track called "Theatre of the Absurd" which refers to the Brixton law enforcement problem. "Play me some, play me some, play me Brixton power", is the chorus line, and the issue of race is opened with the first lines, "My tea turns seven shades darker as I sit and write these words. And London's gettin' paler, in my Theatre of the Absurd." The production of the record was overseen by Mick Jones of the Clash.
- Eddy Grant's 1982 album Killer on the Rampage contains the smash "Electric Avenue", a reference to a shopping street in central Brixton, one of the first in the UK to have electric street lighting installed (when Brixton's character was very different). The song evokes images of poverty, violence and misery while also celebrating the vibe of the area.
- The song "Waiting for the Worms" from Pink Floyd's The Wall has a rally leader speaking into a megaphone to a racist rally mob, which acts as some of the lyrics to separate verses of the song. The very first lyrics heard from the megaphone are, "We have been ordered to convene outside Brixton town hall..." The album was released in 1979, two years before the start of the riots of 1981.
- The 1981 dub reggae song "Youth of Eglington" by the Black Uhuru makes reference in the opening chorus: "The youth of Brixton; They have their 45 Smith and Wesson pistol pistol" - in later choruses this changes to: "The youth of Brixton; They put down their force by Smith and Wesson; Pistol pistol".
- The town featured in the song "Svarta pärlan i London" (The black pearl in London) by Swedish artist Thomas Di Leva.
- The song "Reggae Fi Peach," most of the album Dread, Beat and Blood, and many other songs by reggae–dub poet Linton Kwesi Johnson are set in Brixton.
- The town also featured in the songs "Has It Come To This?" and "Let's Push Things Forward" by UK rapper The Streets.
- The song "Journey to the Centre of Brixton" by R.O.C.
- The song "Brixton, Bronx ou Baixada" by Brazilian rock-reggae band O Rappa, tells about social differences.
- The song "And God Created Brixton" features on the Carter USM album A World Without Dave. It mentions many of the most famous landmarks in the community including The Ritzy cinema and the prison.
- Brixton has alo been mentioned in the lyrics of songs by many Jamaican Dancehall artists namely Assassin, Bounty Killer, Buju Banton, Mavado (singer), Ninja Man and Vybz Kartel.
- Kevin Coyne's 1975 song "House on the Hill" includes the lines "I wander around that Brixton Square, With the bottles strewn everywhere, Under tables and under chairs, And they're all broken."
- The song "Sister Rosetta" of the Brixton-based "acid-house-country-gospel" band Alabama 3 starts with a conversation between "Larry Love" (Rob Spragg) and "The Very Reverend Dr. D. Wayne Love" (Jake Black) and the district's name is included in the first sentence of the song:
-
- "It's a rainy night in Brixton D. Wayne
- Why are you taking me downtown?
- I brought you down here for a reason, Larry
- you've been a faithful little reverend
- due in the mountain of dessiminating the dope music to people all over the world
- but I haven't been wholly straightforward with you Larry
- but tonight, I think you're about to move a stage further in my twelve step plan which you have fought so diligently..."
- UK hip hop collective The Illersapiens feature a track entitled "Brixton" on their debut EP, a tribute to the hometown of the group's lead rapper Mr. Man. Similarly, the Pop-Punk group Zebrahead make reference to a Brixton as a song title on their album Phoenix; whether this refers to the English city is debatable.
- The Thin Lizzy song "Half Caste", which was released in 1975 as the B-side of "Rosalie", refers to Brixton. It has a reggae inspired beat and sound.
- The song "Me and Mr Jones" by Amy Winehouse briefly refers to Brixton. "Rulers one thing, but come Brixton"
- In 2009 local beat combo the Dumbartons released modern day anthem, "Brixton (My Home)". Les 'Fruitbat' Carter of Carter USM is a fan and played the song on a local radio show he hosts.
- California punk band Rancid wrote a song called "Brixton" that appeared on the Rock Stars Kill compilation, and later on B Sides and C Sides.
- The song "Summer of '81" by punk band The Violators was about the Brixton riots of 1981.
- The electronic band Chase and Status collaborated with Cee-Lo Green on their record Brixton Briefcase, which features on the album No More Idols.
- Film and television
- Director Richard Parry shot a film here (released in 2001) called South West Nine (SW9), referring to the postcode covering much of central Brixton. Confusingly, this postcode is officially that of Stockwell - although the northern part of Brixton falls within the boundary - whereas SW2 (the Brixton Hill sorting office) also covers Tulse Hill A204 road, Streatham Hill and Brixton Hill.
- "Reg Llama of Brixton" was mentioned in the (farcical) opening credits of the 1975 comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail.
- Brixton was also mentioned in the film V for Vendetta as being the location where the first riots against Chancellor Adam Sutler's authoritarian British government broke out, which resulted in Sutler calling out the army to try to stop growing public support for "V".
- The film Johnny Was, with the exception of a number of flashback sequences, is set entirely in Brixton.
- Ross Kemp filmed in Brixton on two occasions for his programme Ross Kemp on Gangs.
- In the 1957 film The Prince and the Showgirl, the character played by Marilyn Monroe is from "Brixton Water Lane, Brixton".
- In the 1980 film Scum, a borstal warden yells at a black inmate and tells him he is a "black Brixton slag".
- The 1980 film Babylon was set in Brixton.
- In the 1980 film The Long Good Friday the section where Harold Shand (Bob Hoskins) finds and questions Errol was filmed in Villa Road, off Brixton Road.
- Michael Caine could be seen under the Victor Value supermarket sign in Atlantic Road near the railway station in the film Alfie and a large fight scene was filmed in a soon-to-close pub in Brixton Road.
- In the long-running children's program The Sooty Show, the recurring character of bulldog Butch is referred to as residing in Brixton.
- Brixton used in a Norwegian teenage comedy film "Amors Baller" directed by Kristoffer Metcalfe, starring Kåre Hedebrant and Eira K. Stuedahl. The film was co-written by Metcalfe and producer Frederick Howard. It is slated for release in March 2011. Brixton City is the football team in the final of the Norway cup against the team "Grimsrud" in which the main characters play.
Locale[link]
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Stockwell | Kennington | Camberwell | |
| Clapham |  |
Herne Hill | ||
 Brixton East |
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| Balham | Streatham Hill | Tulse Hill |
Transport[link]
Brixton tube station, opened in 1971, is the southern terminus of the Victoria line of the London Underground. Southeastern operate trains through Brixton railway station between London Victoria and Orpington.
Brixton sits on several main roads. The A23 London to Brighton road runs North-South through the area. There is also the A203 which links to Vauxhall Bridge along with the A204 and A2217. Brixton was due to be a major interchange of the South Cross Route, part of the London Ringways plan, which was cancelled in the 1970s.
Brixton is a main meeting point for many London buses routes: 2, 3, 35, 37, 45, 59, 109, 118, 133, 159, 196, 250, 322, 333, 345, 355, 432, 415, P4 and P5. In 2005, the last traditional Routemaster bus ran through Brixton on Route 159. The bus garage situated at Streatham, Telford Avenue is known as Brixton Garage to distinguish it from another bus garage that existed in Streatham. The "Brixton Bus Garage" was until 1952 a tram depot.
Transport for London proposed building the Cross River Tram from Camden Town to Brixton via central London, but this project was abandoned in 2008 due to lack of funding.
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Lambeth
Three people who have lived in Brixton have blue plaques marking their former homes:
- Havelock Ellis pioneer sexologist lived at Dover Mansions on Canterbury Crescent[86]
- CLR James the writer and black political activist lived in Railton Road.[87]
- Dan Leno (1860–1904) an English music hall comedian famous for his drag acts (56 Akerman Road).
Other notable people with Brixton connections include:
- David Bowie was born at 40 Stansfield Road, Brixton.
- Former London Mayor Ken Livingstone grew up and lived for many years in Brixton
- Former British Prime Minister John Major spent part of his childhood in a two-room flat off Coldharbour Lane living with his father, former Music Hall performer Tom Major-Ball, then moved to a house on Burton Road, having been born in Worcester Park, Sutton. He started his political career as a Lambeth Councillor while still living in the area.[88]
- Max Wall Comedian and music hall performer was born in Brixton.
- Freddie Davies the comedian and actor was born in Brixton in 1937.
- Poly Styrene the singer of the band X-Ray Spex, born in Bromley, but grew up in Brixton in 1957.[89]
- Danny Williams, heavyweight boxer, was born in Brixton
- Paul Simonon the bass player for The Clash is from Brixton.
- Mick Jones the guitar player for The Clash is from Brixton.
- Drum and bass producer Dillinja is from Brixton.
- Screenwriter, director Daniel Mulloy was born in Brixton.
- The band Alabama 3 were formed in Brixton.
- Linton Kwesi Johnson is a long time Brixton resident
- House music duo Basement Jaxx formed in Brixton.
- EBK long term resident of Brixton
- Fruitbat of power-pop punk band Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine was a long-time Brixton resident.
- Joe Cornish, presenter of the BBC production Adam and Joe in the 1990s, and current comedy radio presenter on BBC6 Music with Adam Buxton.
- Dow Jones journalist Tommy Stubbington.
- Sharon Osbourne, wife of Ozzy Osbourne, was born in Brixton.
- Mike Skinner of the band "The Streets" moved to Brixton c.2000 to pursue his recording career. Some of his songs deal with living in Brixton.
- Skin, singer of the band Skunk Anansie, grew up in Brixton.
- Stereo MC's, acid jazz/club dance group, was formed and is still based in Brixton.
- Cult novelist Martin Millar lived here, and most of his novels are set in and around Brixton.
- Environmentalist James Lovelock, famous for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, was born and spent his childhood in Brixton.[90]
- Frank Reginald Carey, Second World War fighter ace was born in Brixton.
- Jo Self, Artist long term resident of Brixton.
- Iwan Thomas, Olympic Athlete.
- Nyron Nosworthy, professional footballer.
- Shivani Kapoor, Indian model.
- Hijack, a hip hop group.
- In the musical comedy 'Leave it to Jeeves', PG Wodehouse revealed that his iconic manservant Jeeves grew up in Brixton.
- Several members of the So Solid Crew.
- Luol Deng player for the American basketball team Chicago Bulls lived in Brixton.
- Alex Wheatle, novelist.
- Lisa Maffia, singer and TV personality, was brought up in Brixton.
- Bunmi Mojekwu, actress.
- La Roux (Elly Jackson), musician, was born and raised in Brixton.
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Mayor of London (February 2008). "London Plan (Consolidated with Alterations since 2004)". Greater London Authority. http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/docs/londonplan08.pdf.
- ^ a b "Brixton Guide". All In London. 2009. http://www.allinlondon.co.uk/regions/brixton/. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
- ^ a b c d History of Brixton
- ^ "Streetmap of Brixton". Streetmap EU Ltd. 2009. http://streetmap.co.uk/grid/531079_175632_120. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ "Lambeth Council office locations". London Borough of Lambeth. 2009. http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/Services/AboutLambeth/LambethCouncilOfficeLocations.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ a b c Ideal Homes - Brixton
- ^ a b c d London Borough of Lambeth | A short history of Brixton
- ^ Morleys Of Brixton
- ^ a b Stockwell Park Estate
- ^ Windrush Square Icons: A portrait of England. Accessed 6 October 2006.
- ^ a b c British history : The making of modern Britain BBC Online : Mike Phillips, 1998. Accessed 4 October 2006.
- ^ Small Island Read 2007: The Windrush Generation
- ^ Empire Windrush History
- ^ Kettle, Martin & Hodges, Lucy (1982) Uprising!: Police, the People and the Riots in Britain's Cities
- ^ Battle for Brixton, Youtube.com, Youtube.com
- ^ "Battle 4 Brixton pt6 of 6". YouTube. 2008-04-22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqDLg6GEfGg&feature=related. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ The Guardian — How smouldering tension erupted to set Brixton aflame, 13 April 1981
- ^ 1981 riots timeline Untold History (Channel Four Television) accessed 6 March 2009
- ^ "Q&A: Stephen Lawrence murder". BBC News. 2004-05-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3685733.stm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ Martin Harrison in The British General Election of 1983, Macmillan 1983, p. 155
- ^ "Tyndall's race policy", The Times, 4 June 1983, p. 5
- ^ Bennett, Gillian (1996). ""Camera, Lights Action!": The British General Election 1992 as Narrative Event". Folklore 107: 94–97. JSTOR 1260921.
- ^ "Profile: Copeland the killer". BBC News. 2000-06-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/781755.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ Emily-Ann Elliott (5 May 2009). "Bomb survivor writes Brighton play". The Argus. http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/4340368.Bomb_survivor_writes_Brighton_play/. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ Jayday Cannabis March and Festival, Kennington Park to Brockwell Park, London
- ^ Jayday Cannabis March and Festival, Kennington Park to Brockwell Park through Brixton, 5th June 2004
- ^ Schmoo.co.uk, cannabis coalition (uk)
- ^ http://www.easyvoyage.co.uk/travel-deal/bohemian-style-arty-hubs-to-see-and-be-seen/london-s-brixton-market-revamp
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/oct/24/london-race
- ^ http://www.brixtonblog.com/comment-gentrification-of-brixton-leaves-me-conflicted/4405
- ^ http://thehappinessprojectlondon.wordpress.com/2009/11/21/the-brixton-rennaissance/
- ^ http://spacemakers.org.uk/brixton/shops/
- ^ Transition Towns wiki
- ^ Urbangreenfair.org
- ^ The Brixton Pound
- ^ Brixton Pound Moves Town Closer To ‘Transition Town’ Status
- ^ a b c Brixton has run on the pound as shoppers clamour for local currency
- ^ Brixton Pound ready for launch
- ^ "Brixton: Barrier Block". Urban75.org. http://www.urban75.org/brixton/features/barrier.html. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ^ a b "Brixton's gone to pot". BBC News. 2002-05-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1988896.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ Ritzy Cinema | Coldharbour Lane | Brixton | SW2 1JG
- ^ London Brixton
- ^ "Brixton Splash street festival, 2010". urban75 blog. August 1, 2010. http://www.urban75.org/blog/brixton-splash-street-festival-2010/. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
- ^ Southlondon.org photo
- ^ "Lambeth North Deanery". Church of England. http://www.southwark.anglican.org/parishes/lambeth-north. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "East Brixton St Jude". Former places of worship in the Diocese of Southwark. Church of England. http://www.southwark.anglican.org/downloads/lostchurches/EAS01.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "East Brixton Rd Christ Church". Church of England. http://www.southwark.anglican.org/parishes/040j. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "Corpus Christi Brixton Hill". Archdiocese of Southwark. http://directory.rcsouthwark.co.uk/brixton_hill_corpusxti.html. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "Brixton Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre". Salaam.co.uk. http://www.salaam.co.uk/mosques/searchmosque.php?orgcode=150. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ Brixton Mosque & Islamic Cultural Centre, Museums, Heritage UK
- ^ "Shoe bomb suspect 'one of many'". BBC News. 2001-12-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1729022.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ a b Johnston, Philip (27 May 2007). "7 July preacher Abdullah El-Faisal deported". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/25/npreach125.xml. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
- ^ "Video of lecture 'The Devil's Deception of the Saudi Salafis'". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BF0sI6xgh-M&mode=related&search=.
- ^ YouTube - islam in london brixton pt1 mosque salafis pure islam
- ^ Battle for Brixton, Youtube.com Youtube.com
- ^ "Focus: Gun Culture: Gun gangs of the capital | Independent on Sunday, The | Find Articles at BNET". http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20030921/ai_n12745420. [dead link]
- ^ Jamaica Gleaner 25 February 2002
- ^ Gangsinlondon blog
- ^ The Guardian 16 February 1999
- ^ "10 held in raids on 'Murder Zone' gang | News". Thisislondon.co.uk. 2008-06-18. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23496314-details/10+held+in+raids+on+%27Murder+Zone%27+gang/article.do. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ Thisislondon.co.uk
- ^ Mirror.co.uk
- ^ "Gun found in shop shooting probe". BBC News. 2008-08-15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7562485.stm. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ Fresco, Adam; Hamilton, Fiona (2008-08-08). "Young passerby killed as gunmen open fire in street". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article4480395.ece. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ Cowan, Rosie (2005-03-07). "Criminal gangs use Islam to intimidate victims". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/mar/07/terrorism.ukcrime. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ Thompson, Tony (2002-02-24). "Drugs and Alcohol". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2002/feb/24/drugsandalcohol.tonythompson. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ Val Shawcross: Brixton Drug Crime
- ^ Hopkins, Nick (2001-12-29). "Police extend softly-softly pilot scheme on cannabis possession". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/dec/29/drugsandalcohol.immigrationpolicy. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ "Cannabis will remain class C drug". BBC News. 2006-01-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4625404.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
- ^ Policing cannabis as a Class C drug
- ^ Moss, Stephen (2007-09-18). "The Man Who Would be Mayor [print version: Out But Not Down]". The Guardian (g2) (London): pp. 12–15. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,2171412,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ The Independent
- ^ Hopkins, Nick (2002-03-19). "Trials and Errors of Controversial Cop : How Onslaught by Critics Took its Toll of Ambitious Gay Police Chief". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4376924,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ The Battle for Brixton, an April 2006 BBC2 documentary.
- ^ Dodd, Vikram (2003-11-28). "The Guardian Profile : Brian Paddick". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,,1095211,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ "About Brian". BrianPaddick4London. 2007-09-09. http://www.brianpaddick4london.net/mayor/. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
- ^ BBC.co.uk
- ^ BBC.co.uk
- ^ Time Out
- ^ BBC.co.uk
- ^ IPCC.gov.uk
- ^ UKonline.co.uk
- ^ a b Operation Trident Swoop - Metropolitan Police Service
- ^ Boys shot in Brixton McDonald's
- ^ The Metropolitan Police's Operation Trident on Gun Crime – Time Out London
- ^ Search Blue Plaques : Blue Plaques : Research & Conservation : English Heritage
- ^ Search Blue Plaques : Blue Plaques : Research & Conservation : English Heritage
- ^ http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/john-major-2/
- ^ X-ray spex official site/poly's biography 1
- ^ Brown, Andrew (2005-12-31). "Paramedic to the planet". The Guardian (London). http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/scienceandnature/story/0,,1675518,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Brixton |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Bullet for My Valentine | |
|---|---|
 Bullet for My Valentine performing at the 2010 Norway Rock Festival. |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | Bridgend, Wales, United Kingdom |
| Genres | Heavy metal, metalcore, thrash metal |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Labels | Columbia, Trustkill, Gun, Sony Music, Jive, RCA |
| Website | bulletformyvalentine.com |
| Members | |
| Matthew Tuck Michael Paget Michael Thomas Jason James |
|
| Past members | |
| Nick Crandle | |
Bullet for My Valentine are a Welsh heavy metal band from Bridgend, formed in 1998. The band is composed of Matthew Tuck (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Michael Paget (lead guitar, backing vocals), Jason James (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Michael Thomas (drums). They were formed under the name Jeff Killed John and started their music career by covering songs by Metallica and Nirvana. Jeff Killed John recorded six songs which were not released; two of these tracks were reworked later in their career as Bullet for My Valentine. Financial difficulties dictated the name change, which was followed by a change in music direction. In 2002, the band secured a five-album deal with Sony BMG. The band has stated that their music is influenced by classic heavy metal acts such as Metallica, Iron Maiden, and Slayer. The band is part of the Cardiff music scene.
Bullet for My Valentine's debut album, The Poison, was released on 3 October 2005 in the United Kingdom and on 14 February 2006 in the United States to coincide with Valentine's Day hence their band name. The album entered the Billboard 200 in the US at number 128. It was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The band made appearances at the Download Festival and Kerrang! XXV, and undertook a US tour with Rob Zombie. Bullet for My Valentine's second studio album, Scream Aim Fire, was released on 29 January 2008 and debuted at number four on the Billboard 200. The band's third album, Fever, was released on 26 April 2010 and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. The band has sold over one million albums in the United States and nearly 2,500,000 albums worldwide and are the most-successful act in the Kerrang! Awards category of "Best British Band" with three wins.
Contents |
History[link]
Jeff Killed John and record deal (1998—2005)[link]
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According to Scott Alisoglu of Blabbermouth.net, "Tears Don't Fall"'s "twin lead work, thrashy romps, galloping tempos, and a hot solo launch the track out of mediocrity."[1]
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Jeff Killed John was the forerunner band to Bullet for My Valentine and was formed in 1998 by Matthew Tuck, Michael "Padge" Paget, Nick Crandle, and Michael "Moose" Thomas while studying music at Bridgend College. Playing Nirvana and Metallica cover songs, the band released a two-track EP in 2002, You/Play with Me, which was produced by Greg Haver. The EP was financed through the Pynci scheme for new Welsh musicians and the release garnered radio airplay on BBC Radio 1's broadcast at Newport's T.J.'s.[2] Jeff Killed John's music followed the nu metal trend set by bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit.[2] Bassist Crandle left the band on the eve of entering the recording sessions for You/Play with Me and was replaced by Jason James.[2] The band then changed their name to Bullet for My Valentine and reworked their musical strategy; they decided to play thrash metal songs with "harmony guitars and big angelic choruses" according to frontman Tuck.[3]
Roadrunner Records showed interest in Bullet for My Valentine and offered the band a deal. The offer was ultimately turned down, and the band signed a five-album record deal with Sony BMG and a UK licensing deal with Visible Noise. According to Tuck, they chose Sony because, "We thought that a lot more doors would be open to us."[3] A self-titled EP was released on 15 November 2004 in the UK. Produced by Colin Richardson, it featured five tracks and marked the band's first official release.[2] A second EP, Hand of Blood, was released on 22 August 2005 through Trustkill Records and was only available in the US; the release contained one extra track than the self-titled EP, "4 Words (To Choke Upon)." Daniel Lukes of Decibel Magazine reviewed the EP by stating, "The worst part is that the music itself isn’t all that bad, for the genre." He went on to comment that the band should be "embarrassed" about the release.[4] Zeromag's Josh Joyce complimented the band on "how technical they can get without confusing the kids."[5]
[edit] The Poison (2005—2007)
Bullet for My Valentine's debut album, The Poison, was released on 3 October 2005 in the UK and on Valentine's Day, 2006 in the US. It entered the Billboard 200 at number 128,[6] and attained number 11 on the Independent Albums chart.[7] On 30 January 2009, the album was certified gold by the RIAA after 500,000 copies were sold in the US.[8] Four singles were released from The Poison: "4 Words (To Choke Upon)", "Suffocating Under Words of Sorrow (What Can I Do)", "All These Things I Hate (Revolve Around Me)", and "Tears Don't Fall".[9] Bullet for My Valentine promoted the album by touring across the world. In 2005, with increased popularity, they played on the larger Download Festival Snickers stage;[10] in 2006, the band were moved to near the top of the main stage bill.[11] Other tours included opening for Metallica and Guns N' Roses in the summer of 2006,[12] the Vans Warped Tour and Earthday Birthday. The band's headline performance at Kerrang XXV, a one-off gig at Brixton Academy in London on 28 January 2006, was filmed for their first DVD, The Poison: Live at Brixton.[13][14] During June 2007, Tuck suffered from laryngitis, which let to an emergency tonsillectomy in July.[15] Bullet for My Valentine were forced to cancel several shows, including supporting Metallica for three dates on their Sick of the Studio '07 tour on 29 June in Bilbao, 5 July in Vienna, and 8 July at the recently completed Wembley Stadium in London.[16] Unable to speak, Tuck wrote that as soon as doctors cleared him he would be in the studio working on the band's next album.[17]
[edit] Scream Aim Fire (2007—2008)
Bullet for My Valentine's second studio album, Scream Aim Fire, was recorded at Sonic Ranch Studios and was produced by Colin Richardson.[18] Tuck commented at the time, "It's a lot more up tempo, a lot more aggressive".[19] The album was released in the US on 29 January 2008.[20] It sold 53,000 copies in its first week and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200.[21] Three songs were released as singles: "Scream Aim Fire", "Hearts Burst into Fire", and "Waking the Demon".
In support of the new album, the band toured North America and Australia in the spring of 2008 for the Taste of Chaos tour alongside Atreyu, Blessthefall, and Avenged Sevenfold. Bullet for My Valentine cut short the Canada portion of the tour and flew back home to support the daughter of James who was in hospital.[22] The band performed in North America again in the summer of 2008 as part of the No Fear Tour with Bleeding Through, Cancer Bats, and Black Tide.[23] In late 2008, the band toured Europe, supported by Lacuna Coil, Bleeding Through, and Black Tide.[24] In December 2008, Scream Aim Fire was re-released with four bonus tracks that were recorded during the album's studio sessions, but with re-recorded vocal-lines.[25]
[edit] Fever (2009—2011)
Matt Tuck spoke to Daniel Marez of Metal Hammer in March 2009 about the band's progress on writing and recording their third album. Tuck stated that there were four or five songs that were finished and that "usually we write and record 14 tracks that I then have to write vocal lines for, but this time I’m trying to write the vocals as I write the music".[25] Bullet for My Valentine confirmed in August 2009 that they were aiming for an early 2010 release for the new album, while Tuck stated that the upcoming record is "a lot more mature-sounding, it's a lot more classic. It'll stand the test of time [more] than both the previous things we've done".[26] In a January 2010 interview with Rock Sound, Tuck stated explained details for the album; it would be titled Fever and that the 11-track record would have a sound closer to The Poison rather than Scream Aim Fire and would be absent of ballads.[27]
During the summer of 2009, Bullet for My Valentine toured across the United States as part of the Mayhem Festival,[28] alongside Killswitch Engage, Slayer, and Marilyn Manson on the main stage;[29] they also appeared on the UK leg of the Sonisphere tour at Knebworth, headlining the second stage.[30] The band will be headlining the second stage at the Download Festival 2010 on the Friday night.[31] The band has also been confirmed for Nova Rock,[32] Metaltown,[33] Rock am Ring,[34] Rock on the Range,[35] The Bamboozle,[36] Bilbao Live Festival,[37] Fortarock[38] and Graspop.[39] In addition, they will be playing alongside the Big Four on the Greek leg of Sonisphere.[40] Fever was released on 27 April 2010.[41] A free download of a new track called "Begging For Mercy" was released on the band's website on 14 February 2010 as part of a Twitter promotion.[42] The song "Your Betrayal" was chosen as the lead single for the album and was set to release on 9 March 2010, but, unexpectedly, was released earlier on 2 March 2010 as a digital single on iTunes Store. The second single is called "The Last Fight" and was released on 19 April. The album artwork for this studio album was released on the official website on 5 March 2010.[41] Bullet for My Valentine announced the start their US tour in support of Fever. It began on 30 April with the bands Airbourne and Chiodos as support.[43] On 12 March the band released the music videos for "The Last Fight" and "Your Betrayal".[44] The band revealed the track listing on their website on 15 March, as well as other various sources that include an email to all of their subscribers on the mailing list.[45] On 26 April the band played a secret show in London to celebrate the release of Fever. This was their only UK headline show until the end of the year.[46]
Fourth studio album (2011—present)[link]
On 28 January 2011, Michael Paget stated that the group had already drawn proportions for the next studio album and will sound a lot like Fever. He followed-along with stating that the band plans to have the songs for it written within 2011 and will begin recording the album by the end of the year. A couple tracks left from the Fever sessions might be redone, re-arranged and re-recorded for the new record.[47] The band played at Uproar Festival 2011, after which they began writing material for a fourth studio album. The band hopes to release the album sometime in 2012.[48]
On 7 October, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, the band (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release their future material (including their next studio album) on the RCA Records brand.[49][50] Also in October, frontman Matt Tuck announced that he will be working on a new side project which he has described as "metal as fuck", influenced by bands such as Pantera and Slipknot.[51] On May 1, 2012, it was revealed that the project will be called AxeWound and will feature Liam Cormier, Mike Kingswood, Joe Copcutt and Jason Bowld.
In May 2012, it was announced that Bullet For My Valentine would be playing at the South African music festival Oppikoppi. They were slated to play in the country for the Coke Zero Fest of 2009, but pulled out at the last minute to record Fever.[52]
Musical style and influences[link]
Bullet for My Valentine are primarily deemed as a contemporary metal band. With detailed statements, their music has been described by critics as heavy metal,[53][54] metalcore[41][55] and thrash metal.[56][57] The band has cited being influenced by bands such as Metallica, Annihilator, Pantera, Machine Head, Iron Maiden, Guns N' Roses,[58] Testament, Stuck Mojo, Slayer, Judas Priest, and Megadeth.[59] These bands inspire Bullet for My Valentine's "catchy vocals, aggressive riffs, and melodies," according to Thomas.[60] The band describe two of their albums, The Poison and Fever, as having a "super dark" tone,[61] Tuck went on to state that "…we're a hard rock band with metal influences, and I’ve said that from Day One.”[27] Kirk Miller of Decibel Magazine praised the band for the effort in synchronised song structures.[62] When asked of their views on their looks, members of the band have stated that they would not change their sound or image for a commercial approach; Tuck also commented that, "Without sounding harsh, we're more interested in what our music sounds like than what our fucking hair looks like."[63]
Band members[link]
- Current members
- Michael Paget – lead guitar, backing vocals (1998–present)
- Michael Thomas – drums (1998–present)
- Matthew Tuck – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1998–present)
- Jason James – bass guitar, backing vocals (2003–present)
- Former members
- Nick Crandle – bass guitar (1998–2003)
Timeline[link]
<timeline> ImageSize = width:750 height:300 PlotArea = left:110 bottom:120 top:0 right:30 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1998 till:02/02/2012 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Colors =
id:bass value:brightgreen legend:Bass guitar id:bass;vocals value:purple legend:Bass, backing vocals id:drums value:yellow legend:Drums id:rhythm;vocals value:red legend:Rhythm guitar, lead vocals id:guitar;vocals value:brightblue legend:Lead guitar, backing vocals id:lines value:black legend:Studio albums
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:2
ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1998 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1999
LineData =
at:10/03/2005 color:black layer:back at:01/29/2008 color:black layer:back at:04/26/2010 color:black layer:back
BarData =
bar:Hetfield text:"'Matthew Tuck" bar:Lars text:"Michael Paget" bar:Mustaine text:"Jason James" bar:Kirk text:"Michael Thomas" bar:Ron text:"Nick Crandle"
PlotData=
width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:Hetfield from:01/01/1998 till:end color:rhythm;vocals bar:Lars from:01/01/1998 till:end color:guitar;vocals bar:Ron from:01/01/1998 till:01/01/2003 color:bass bar:Mustaine from:01/01/2003 till:end color:bass;vocals bar:Kirk from:01/01/1998 till:end color:drums
</timeline>
Discography[link]
Main article: Bullet for My Valentine discography
- Studio albums
- The Poison (2005)
- Scream Aim Fire (2008)
- Fever (2010)
Awards and achievements[link]
- Welsh Music Award
- Best Newcomer (2004)[64]
- Metal Hammer Golden God Award
- Kerrang! Awards
- Best Single for "Tears Don't Fall" (2006)[67]
- Best British Newcomer (2005)[68]
- Best British Band (2008, 2009, 2010)[69][70]
- Headlined Kerrang!'s 25 year anniversary tour of the UK[71]
- Best Live Band (2010)[72]
References[link]
- ^ Alisoglu, Scott (22 August 2009). "The Poison". Blabbermouth.net. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/showreview.aspx?reviewID=604. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Bullet for My Valentine biography". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/genres_artists/rock_pop/bfmv.shtml. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
- ^ a b "Bullet for My Valentine Interview". Room Thirteen. 8 July 2005. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071112164113/http://www.roomthirteen.com/cgi-bin/feature_view.cgi?FeatureID=185. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
- ^ Lukes, Daniel. "Screamocore takes a dump where it eats". Decibel. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060506025905/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/reviews/sep2005/bullet_for_my_valentine.aspx. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
- ^ Joyce, Josh. "Bullet For My Valentine – Hand of Blood EP". Zero Magazine. http://www.zeromag.com/articles/cd_view.php?id=924&pi=0. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
- ^ "Chart Listing for the week of 4 Mar 2006:". Billboard. 4 March 2006. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071112062414/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3064550&cdi=8553281&cid=03%2F04%2F2006. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine – Albums". Billboard. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071112062429/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=690285&model.vnuAlbumId=914137. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ "RIAA – Gold & Platinum – 12 August 2009". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=The%20Poison&artist=&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine – Singles". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=690285&model.vnuAlbumId=914137. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ "Download Festival 2005 line-up". Download Festival. http://2005.downloadfestival.co.uk/lineup/index.asp. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ "Download Festival 2006 line-up". Download Festival. http://2006.downloadfestival.co.uk/lineup/index.asp. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine – Matt Tuck, Vocals/Guitars". SMN News. 1 April 2006. http://www.smnnews.com/2006/04/01/bullet-for-my-valentine-matt-tuck-vocalsguitars/. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet For My Valentine DVD Slated For December Release". The Gauntlet. 2 November 2006. http://www.thegauntlet.com/article/1203/6254/%09%09%09Bullet-For-My-Valentine.html. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ Arto (3 January 2006). "Bullet for My Valentine interview – Moose". HardcoreSounds. http://www.hardcoresounds.net/modules.php?name=Interviews&func=view&id=6. Retrieved 7 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Wood, Mikael. "BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE". Revolver. http://www.revolvermag.com/content/bullet-my-valentine-0. Retrieved 22 August 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Machine Head Added To Metallica's Wembley Bill". Blabbermouth.net. 27 June 2007. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=75664. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ Chris (21 June 2007). "Bullet update". bulletformyvalentine1.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071125120648/http://www.bulletformyvalentine1.com/website/html/news.php?page=2. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ Graff, Gary (12 April 2007). "Bullet for My Valentine in the thick of new album". Billboard. Archived from the original on 25 April 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070425125256/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003571071. Retrieved 31 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine frontman says new album is 'More commercial than the last one, we're all gonna cut our hair and wear more makeup'.". Blabbermouth.net. 15 October 2007. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=82814. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
- ^ Harris, Chris; Wiederhorn, Jon (16 November 2007). "Hate Eternal Do Some Soul-Searching; Plus Shadows Fall, Blut Aus Nord & More News That Rules, In Metal File". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1574461/20071115/id_0.jhtml. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
- ^ Hasty, Katie (6 February 2008). "Keys Notches Fourth Week At No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080208021000/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003707091. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine Cancels Seattle, Canada Dates". Blabbermouth.net. 14 April 2008. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=94842. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
- ^ Tjames Madison. "No Fear tour". LiveDaily. http://www.livedaily.com/news/14274.html. Retrieved 11 August 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Pollstar (2008). "Lacuna Coil Concert Dates". http://www.pollstar.com/tour/searchall.pl?By=Artist&Exact=Y&Content=Lacuna+Coil. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ a b "Bullet for My Valentine’s Matt Tuck on new album". Metal Hammer. 16 March 2009. http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/bullet-for-my-valentines-matt-tuck-on-new-album/. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine Drummer Interviewed By Swigged!". Blabbermouth. 11 August 2009. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=125100. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ a b "Bullet For My Valentine Talk New Album". Rock Sound. 21 January 2010. http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/bullet-for-my-valentine-talk-new-album. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
- ^ Castillo, Arielle. "Mayhem Festival". New Times Broward/Palm Beach. http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/events/mayhem-festival-828624/. Retrieved 12 August 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Mayhem Festival Press Release". Mayhem Festival. 28 January 2009. http://www.mayhemfest.com/2009-press-release.pdf. Retrieved 28 January 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Chamberlain, Richard. "Sonisphere – the inthenews.co.uk review". Inthenews.co.uk. http://www.inthenews.co.uk/infocus/entertainment/sonisphere-the-inthenews-co-uk-review-$1316160.htm. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ "Download Festival 2010". Kerrang. http://www2.kerrang.com/2010/01/download_2010_is_go.html. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
- ^ "HEAVEN & HELL, SLAYER, BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE Confirmed For Austria's NOVA ROCK Festival". Blabbermouth. 9 December 2009. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=131707. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ "BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE, KREATOR, Others Confirmed For Sweden's METALTOWN Festival". Blabbermouth. 3 February 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Search&searchtext=bullet+for+my+valentine&x=85&y=11. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ "KISS To Play Germany's ROCK AM RING/ROCK IM PARK Festivals?". Blabbermouth. 4 December 2009. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=131455. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ "GODSMACK, ROB ZOMBIE, LIMP BIZKIT, SLASH, DEFTONES Confirmed For ROCK ON THE RANGE". Blabbermouth. 9 February 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=134781. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey Bamboolze Festival Announces New Acts: Bullet For My Valentine, Motion City Soundtrack". The Silver Tongue. 29 January 2010. http://thesilvertongueonline.com/?p=8127. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ "BBK Live 2010 Festival line-up begins to take shape". EITB. 10 February 2010. http://www.eitb.com/news/detail/352766/bbk-live-2010-festival-line-up-begins-to-take-shape/. Retrieved 11 February 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "KILLSWITCH ENGAGE, DEICIDE, KREATOR, BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE Confirmed For Holland's FORTAROCK". Blabbermouth. 13 February 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=135004. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE, KILLSWITCH ENGAGE, NILE Confirmed For GRASPOP METAL MEETING". Blabbermouth. 8 December 2009. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=131652. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ "METALLICA, MEGADETH, SLAYER, ANTHRAX Confirmed For Greece's SONISPHERE". Blabbermouth. 18 February 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=135356. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ a b c "Bullet For My Valentine announce third album". BBC News. 17 February 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/walesmusic/2010/02/bullet-for-my-valentine-album-fever.shtml. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
- ^ ""Begging For Mercy" Free Download". Bullet For My Valentine. 14 February 2010. http://www.bulletformyvalentine.com/us/news/begging-mercy-free-download. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
- ^ "Bullet for my Valentine Tour Dates with Airbourne and Chiodos". Noisecreep. 8 March 2010. http://www.noisecreep.com/2010/03/08/bullet-for-my-valentine-tour-dates-with-chiodos-and-airbourne/. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
- ^ "Bullet For My Valentine – Your Betrayal Video". Jiverecords.com. http://www.jiverecords.com/bulletformyvalentine/. Retrieved 29 October 2011. [dead link]
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Bhamra, Satvir (9 April 2010). "Bullet For My Valentine to play secret show". Amplified.tv. http://amplified.tv/2010/04/09/bullet-for-my-valentine-to-play-secret-show/. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Bullet For My Valentine: 'Next Album Going To Be In A Similar Vein Of Fever'". Ultimate-guitar.com. 28 January 2011. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/bullet_for_my_valentine_next_album_going_to_be_in_a_similar_vein_of_fever.html. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ Anne Erickson (18 August 2011). "Bullet for My Valentine Guitarist Talks Metallica, Ozzy and Kurt Cobain". Gibson Guitars. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/Features/valentine-0818-2011/. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ "RCA's New Executive Team Named Under CEO Peter Edge Amid Layoffs (Update)". Billboard.biz. 23 August 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!". FMQB. http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2268707. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Bullet For My Valentine’s Matt Tuck Working On “Metal As Fuck” New Project". Metal Hammer. 2011-10-27. http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/bullet-for-my-valentines-matt-tuck-working-on-metal-as-fuck-new-project/. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
- ^ http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/music/2012/05/29/bullet-for-my-valentine-to-play-oppikoppi
- ^ Nettleton, Chris. "Drowned in Sound – Bullet for My Valentine: Scream Aim Fire review". Drowned in Sound. http://drownedinsound.com/releases/12569/reviews/2876423. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ "Absolute Radio – Bullet for My Valentine pull out of Metallica Wembley show". Absolute Radio. 21 June 2007. http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/music/news/story/2294/Bullet_for_My_Valentine_pull_out_of_Metallica_Wembley_show.html. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "BFMV at NME". NME. UK. http://www.nme.com/artists/bullet-for-my-valentine. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ Stack, Eamonn (20 February 2008). "BBC review Scream Aim Fire". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/release/8f4h/. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ Weiderhorn, Jon (7 November 2008). "The New Guitar Gods: Bullet for My Valentine". Guitar World. http://www.guitarworld.com/article/the_new_guitar_gods_bullet_for_my_valentine. Retrieved 8 February 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Guns N' Roses Biography – AOL Music". Music.aol.com. http://music.aol.com/artist/guns-n-roses/biography. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine Interview – Ultimate Guitar". Ultimate Guitar Archive. 20 October 2005. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/interviews/bullet_for_my_valentine_interview.html. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine – Confident aiming at being the next classic metal band". Metalrage.com. 22 June 2006. http://www.metalrage.com/articles/422. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet For My Valentine biography". http://www.bulletformyvalentine.com/us/biography.
- ^ Miller, Kirk. "Bullet for My Valentine – The Poison". Decibel. Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060404110846/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/reviews/mar2006/bulletformyvalentine.aspx. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine Interview". Popworld. Archived from the original on 23 November 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061123013438/http://www.popworld.com/pages/bulletformyvalentine_rock1. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- ^ "Welsh Music Awards 2004". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 July 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060709084226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/content/pages/welsh_music_awards_2004.shtml. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- ^ Mendoza, Nadia (12 June 2007). "Bullet booed at Metal Awards". The Sun (UK). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/online/article236903.ece. Retrieved 31 October 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Kawasaki Golden God Award: Best UK Band". Metal Hammer. 6 July 2010. http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/kawasaki-golden-god-award-best-uk-band/. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ "The Best British Metal Band to Emerge in Years." – Q Magazine". NewsBlaze. 16 November 2007. http://newsblaze.com/story/20071116045610tsop.np/topstory.html. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ Apar, Corey. "Bullet for My Valentine > Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p735993. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ Clarke, Betty (18 November 2008). "Pop review: Bullet for My Valentine, Alexandra Palace, London". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/18/pop-music-review-bullet-valentine. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ "Award double for rockers Slipknot". BBC News. 4 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8181878.stm. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ "Bullet for My Valentine win Kerrang! award". Ultimate Guitar Archive. 29 August 2006. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/press_releases/bullet_for_my_valentine_win_kerrang_award.html. Retrieved 31 October 2007.
- ^ "Kerrang! And the winners are...". Kerrang!. 29 July 2010. http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2010/07/and_the_winners_are_1.html. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_for_My_Valentine
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mark Tremonti | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Mark Thomas Tremonti |
| Born | (1974-04-18) April 18, 1974 (age 38) Detroit, Michigan |
| Origin | Orlando, Florida |
| Genres | Alternative metal, hard rock, heavy metal, neo-classical metal,post-grunge |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, record producer |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, bass |
| Years active | 1994 (1994)–present |
| Labels | Wind-up, Universal Republic, Roadrunner, EMI, Fret 12 |
| Associated acts | Creed, Alter Bridge |
| Website | tremontiproject.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| PRS Tremonti SE | |
Mark Thomas Tremonti (born April 18, 1974) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock bands Creed and Alter Bridge. He is a founding member of both bands, and has also collaborated with many other artists over the years. His debut solo album, All I Was, will be released in July 2012.[1]
Since his early years with Creed, Tremonti has received positive recognition as a guitarist and songwriter and has received a number of accolades, including one Grammy Award for Creed's single "With Arms Wide Open."[2] He was also named "Guitarist of the Year" for three consecutive years by Guitar World,[3] and in 2011 he was listed in Total Guitar magazine as the fourth greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time.[4]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Tremonti was born on April 18, 1974, in Detroit, Michigan. He grew up in a Roman Catholic family in Grosse Pointe, just outside of Detroit, for most of his childhood life before moving to Wilmette, Illinois.[5] Around this time, he began to become enthralled with music, and bought his first guitar at the age of eleven. When he was fifteen, his family moved again to Orlando, Florida,[3] where he enrolled in Lake Highland Preparatory School. During this time, his mother was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, which left Tremonti devastated.[5] After graduation, he moved to Clemson, South Carolina to attend Clemson University to major in finance. After his freshman year in college, he moved back to Florida to enroll in Florida State University, where he was reunited with his then future Creed band mate Scott Stapp, whom Tremonti had known in high school.[6]
Career[link]
Creed[link]
Main article: Creed (band)
Tremonti is a founding member of the American hard rock band Creed. He formed the band with lead vocalist Scott Stapp in 1995 with fellow members Brian Marshall and Scott Phillips joining as bassist and drummer, respectively. Rhythm guitarist Brian Brasher was also briefly a member in 1995 when the band was known by its original name, Naked Toddler.[7] While often criticized and parodied, Creed is recognized by many as one of the major acts of the post-grunge movement of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Tremonti and Stapp have been collectively recognized as one of the most prolific songwriting teams in all of rock music.[8]
The band released their debut album My Own Prison in 1997 to strong mainstream success, selling over six million copies.[9] Four singles were released from the album: "My Own Prison," "Torn," "What's This Life For," and "One." Each of these songs reached No. 1 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, making Creed the first band to achieve such a feat with a debut album.[9] My Own Prison was followed in 1999 by Human Clay, which was an immediate success and certified diamond and eleven times platinum by the RIAA.[9] The band released four singles from Human Clay: "Higher," "With Arms Wide Open," "What If," and "Are You Ready." "Higher" spent a record-breaking 17 weeks on the top of the rock radio charts.[10] Marshall left the band in 2000 due to increasing tension with Stapp and to pursue other interests. He was temporarily replaced by touring bassist Brett Hestla.[11] Creed also won their first, and to date only, Grammy Award for Best Rock Song for "With Arms Wide Open" in 2001.[2] That same year, after a tour, the band released another multi-platinum selling album, Weathered,[12] from which six singles were released: "My Sacrifice," "One Last Breath," "Hide," "Don't Stop Dancing," "Weathered," and "Bullets." It would be the band's only album without Marshall on bass; Tremonti handled the bass parts himself. The tour to support this record was overwhelmingly successful but ended with a considerably controversial concert in Chicago that ultimately led to the band's breakup.[13] The band announced that they had disbanded in 2004, citing tension between Stapp and the other members, Tremonti in particular.[14] The three instrumental members went on to found Alter Bridge while Stapp opted for a solo career, and Creed released their Greatest Hits in November 2004.
However, after months of speculation, despite early claims from Tremonti that Creed would never return,[15] it was announced that Creed had reunited with plans for a tour and a new album.[16] The record, Full Circle, was released in October 2009 and became the band's only album to not be certified by the RIAA. "Overcome," "Rain," and "A Thousand Faces" were released as singles. Creed supported the album by touring throughout North and South America, Europe, and Australia during the summers of 2009 and 2010.[17] The band also released a record-breaking concert film titled Creed Live in December 2009.[18] Tremonti, Marshall, and Phillips, owing to the reunion of Creed, now plan to alternate tours between Creed and Alter Bridge with the singers of both bands working on their own projects while the other band is active. A fifth Creed album is expected in late 2011 or early 2012 according to Tremonti,[19] and the band has since reconvened to tour and work on said album.
Alter Bridge[link]
Main article: Alter Bridge
Alter Bridge was formed in January 2004 by Tremonti, Marshall, and Phillips after Creed disbanded. They asked Myles Kennedy, formerly of The Mayfield Four and the current vocalist for Slash's solo project, to be their singer.[20] The newly formed band released their debut album, One Day Remains, in August 2004 on Wind-up Records. It saw mostly negative reviews, with many critics calling Alter Bridge an offshoot from Creed,[21][22] but the album became Alter Bridge's only RIAA-certified album, going gold.[23] Three singles were released from One Day Remains: "Open Your Eyes," "Find the Real," and "Broken Wings." After a tour, it was followed by a second album, Blackbird, in October 2007 on Universal Republic. Blackbird was met with largely positive reviews and released four singles: "Rise Today," "Ties That Bind," "Watch Over You," and "Before Tomorrow Comes." Its title track received strong acclaim from reviewers, and its guitar solo, which was performed by both Tremonti and Kennedy, was later named the greatest guitar solo of all time by Guitarist magazine in 2011.[24]
Alter Bridge embarked on a successful world tour in support of Blackbird, recording their December 7, 2008, show at the Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam, Netherlands, for a live DVD titled Live from Amsterdam.[25] A single-disc version of this DVD was sold exclusively at venues during the Creed reunion tour in 2009 and on Amazon with a Blu-ray version and a deluxe DVD edition scheduled to be released later in stores. However, the distribution in stores was delayed as a result of record label issues multiple times, causing frustration amongst Alter Bridge fans and band members. It was finally released in stores in North America on January 11, 2011, after two years of delays.[26]
Alter Bridge's third album, AB III, was released on October 11, 2010, in Europe and the UK on Roadrunner Records,[27] and on November 9, 2010, in North America on Alter Bridge Recordings via EMI.[28] A loose concept album,[29] AB III has received critical acclaim,[30] with Rick Florino from Artistdirect calling it a "sprawling masterpiece."[31] Its lead single, "Isolation," reached No. 1 on active rock radio and the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, the band's first single to do so.[32] The band toured extensively in support of the record, with Black Stone Cherry and Like a Storm in the spring of 2011,[33] in addition to co-headlining the second annual Carnival of Madness Tour with Theory of a Deadman.[34] The tour continued into January 2012. Four more singles from AB III have since been released: "I Know It Hurts," "Ghost of Days Gone By," "Wonderful Life," and "Life Must Go On." The band also released a second concert film titled Live at Wembley on March 26, 2012.[35] Tremonti has said in interview that after Creed's scheduled tour and new album in 2012, Alter Bridge will reconvene to record its fourth studio album, though no specific date has been announced. He also has emphasized that he is always writing music for both acts.[36] A fourth Alter Bridge album will likely be released in 2013.[37]
Solo career[link]
Band members
- Current members[38]
- Eric Friedman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
- Brian Marshall – bass
- Garrett Whitlock – drums
During the time that Creed was at the end of its career in the early 2000s, Tremonti had intentions to form a speed metal side project called Downshifter (with Hatebreed vocalist Jamey Jasta and Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison), but the project never got off the ground.[14] Later, in 2008, Tremonti and his brother formed Fret 12, an online musicians' community, production company, and record label, to release his 2008 instructional guitar documentary DVD titled Mark Tremonti: The Sound & the Story,[39] wherein he teaches all of his guitar solos from Alter Bridge's sophomore release, Blackbird. He also teaches warm-ups, alternate tunings, finger picking style, legato techniques, and other advanced exercises. His DVD, which is the first in The Sound & the Story series of instructional DVDs, also features guest appearances from Myles Kennedy, Michael Angelo Batio, Rusty Cooley, Bill Peck, and Troy Stetina. The aforementioned series also includes DVDs by Leslie West[40] and Troy Stetina.[41]
Tremonti later began expressing interest in releasing a solo album in 2010. "The bands are so different," he said of his two current main projects. "And I write so much. I'm going to do a solo record because there are some songs that I'd hate to think wouldn't see the light of day because they don't work for Creed or Alter Bridge."[42] He is playing guitar and singing lead on all of the songs himself, and former Submersed members Eric Friedman and Garrett Whitlock will perform on the record as well. Tremonti described the music as "melody driven,"[43] and in a May 2011 interview, Tremonti said that it will be a "heavier-sounding" thrash metal album.[44] He later said that the album is "probably heavier than either Creed or Alter Bridge," and that it will have "lots of soloing."[45]
On January 20, 2012, Tremonti launched a website for his solo album where fans can sign up to receive news, previews, live streams, and giveaways. A list of working song titles was also included on the webpage, as well as the album title, All I Was.[1] It is set for a July 10, 2012, release on Fret 12 Records, and that "You Waste Your Time" will be the first single from the album,[46] and according to FMQB, "You Waste Your Time" will be released to active rock radio stations in May 2012.[47] The entire song was made available for listening on May 6, 2012, one day before its release, on Loudwire.com.[48] One day after its release, the song reached number 10 on the iTunes Rock Songs Chart,[49] and Tremonti's live music video for it premiered on May 17, 2012, on Noisecreep.[50] His solo band will consist of Friedman and Whitlock alongside Alter Bridge and Creed bassist Brian Marshall.[38]
Other works[link]
Tremonti has worked with several artists since his beginning years with Creed. In 2001 he collaborated with comedian Larry the Cable Guy on his comedy album Lord, I Apologize, on which Tremonti is credited as a performer and songwriter.[51] Tremonti later recalled, "We had become friends a long time ago, before his career really started to take off. We joked about getting together and doing a song, and he called me up one day to say he actually wanted to do it. So he sang me his idea, and I went to record my guitar lines that day, and the record went gold."[52]
Tremonti later began performing in the neo-classical metal genre with guitarist Michael Angelo Batio, whose 2004 album Hands Without Shadows featured Tremonti as a guest musician on the Deep Purple cover "Burn."[53] He said that he is "really good friends" with Batio, and that working with him was "an honor."[54] Batio later appeared on Tremonti's guitar instructional DVD The Sound & the Story as a guest tutor, along with Myles Kennedy, Troy Stetina, Rusty Cooley, and Bill Peck,[55] and then in 2009 Tremonti appeared on Batio's next album, Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices, performing a solo on the Metallica medley "Metallica Rules."[56]
In 2004 Tremonti co-produced, with Don Gilmore and Kirk Kelsey, some songs on In Due Time by Submersed, whom Tremonti helped get signed to Wind-up Records. Former Submersed guitarist Eric Friedman recalled his experiences with Tremonti in the studio, saying that watching him "taught us a lot as far as music and songwriting and being able to get across the things we want to get across."[57] Tremonti said that producing is not "something I’d do any time soon again."[54] He later continued working with other artists on the musical side, in 2005 with Fozzy on their album All That Remains,[58] performing a guitar solo on the song "The Way I Am." His Alter Bridge band mate Myles Kennedy also appeared on the album.[59] In 2008 Tremonti made two guest appearances, one with the metalcore band Bury Your Dead on their self-titled album,[60] and another with Sevendust on the song "Hope" from Chapter VII: Hope & Sorrow, which also featured appearances from Myles Kennedy and Chris Daughtry.[61][62]
Personal life[link]
On December 14, 2002, Tremonti married Victoria Rodriguez, with whom he has two sons, Austen and Pearson. They currently reside in Orlando, Florida.[6]
Tremonti is an collector of guitars, amplifiers, and pinball machines, and is known to enjoy playing table tennis.[6] He is also an avid fan of reading: "Five or six years ago," he told Artistdirect, "I started going crazy reading books. Now, I can't get enough." He has listed works such as the Song of Ice and Fire series by George R. R. Martin, The Book of the New Sun by Gene Wolfe, Old Man's War by John Scalzi, The First Law trilogy by Joe Abercrombie, The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran, and On Writing by Stephen King as some of his favorites.[63]
One of Tremonti's brothers, Michael, is Alter Bridge's fan liaison and publicist.[64] Another brother, Dan, has created the artwork for all of the albums by both Alter Bridge and Creed and is the president and creative director of a design/marketing company called Core Twelve.[65] His mother died in January 2002; Alter Bridge's song "In Loving Memory" is a tribute to her.[66]
Awards[link]
RIAA certifications[link]
These statistics were compiled from the RIAA certification online database.[67]
- Studio albums
- My Own Prison: 6× platinum (August 2002)
- Human Clay: 11× platinum, 1×(+) diamond (January 2004)
- Weathered: 6× platinum (January 2003)
- One Day Remains: gold (November 2004)
- Compilations
- Greatest Hits: 2× platinum (November 2008)
Grammy Awards and nominations[link]
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. With Creed, Mark Tremonti has been nominated for three Grammy Awards resulting in one win.[68]
- "With Arms Wide Open" – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, 2001 (nomination)[2]
- "With Arms Wide Open" – Best Rock Song, 2001 (winner)[2]
- "My Sacrifice" – Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, 2003 (nomination)[69]
Other accolades[link]
Tremonti was named "Guitarist of the Year" for three consecutive years by Guitar World magazine,[3] and in 2011 he was listed as the fourth greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time by Total Guitar.[4] In addition, and also in 2011, the guitar solo in the Alter Bridge song "Blackbird," which Tremonti performed with Myles Kennedy, was named the greatest guitar solo of all time by Guitarist magazine.[24]
Discography[link]
Main article: Mark Tremonti discography
- All I Was (2012)
- Other songs
| Year | Artist | Album | Track(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Larry the Cable Guy | Lord, I Apologize | "Lord, I Apologize" |
| 2004 | Submersed | In Due Time[a] | "Flicker" |
| Michael Angelo Batio | Hands Without Shadows | "Burn" | |
| 2005 | Fozzy | All That Remains | "The Way I Am" |
| 2008 | Bury Your Dead | Bury Your Dead | "Year One" |
| Sevendust | Chapter VII: Hope & Sorrow | "Hope" | |
| 2009 | Michael Angelo Batio | Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices | "Metallica Rules" |
^ a. Tremonti also serves as a co-producer on tracks 4–7, 10–11 from this album.
Filmography[link]
- Mark Tremonti: The Sound & the Story (2008)
References[link]
- ^ a b "The Tremonti Project". Fret 12. http://www.tremontiproject.com/.
- ^ a b c d "MTV News: 2001 Grammy Winners". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/bands/g/news_feature_grammy01/grammy01frame.html.
- ^ a b c "Paul Reed Smith". PRS Guitars. http://www.prsguitars.com/artists/profiles/marktremonti/index.html.
- ^ a b Cameron Pirie (March 21, 2011). "Top Twenty Metal Guitarists Revealed". RockAAA.com. http://www.rockaaa.com/news/top-twenty-metal-guitarists-revealed-3860.
- ^ a b "MarkTremonti.net - Mark Tremonti Bio". MarkTremonti.net. http://www.marktremonti.net/markbio.php.
- ^ a b c "Mark Tremonti - Biography". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1261698/bio.
- ^ "Brian Brasher - Guitar Hero". APM Music. http://www.apmmusic.com/sonoton/brian-brasher-guitar-hero.
- ^ "Creed – Full Biography". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/creed_3_/artist.jhtml#biographyEnd.
- ^ a b c Steve Huey. "Creed". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/creed-p278625/biography.
- ^ Mark Marone (January 21, 2000). "Creed Goes "higher' In The Record Books". Billboard. http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4642080-1.html.
- ^ Joe D'Angelo (August 9, 2004). "Scott Stapp Breaks His Silence". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/bands/s/stapp_scott/news_feature_080904/index2.jhtml.
- ^ Tim Grierson. "Creed Biography - Profile of Rock Band Creed". About.com. http://rock.about.com/od/creed/p/creed.htm.
- ^ Jim DeRogatis (August 25, 2009). "Creed: They heard we missed 'em, now they're back". Chicago Sun-Times. http://blogs.suntimes.com/music/2009/08/creed_they_heard_we_missed_em.html.
- ^ a b Joe D'Angelo (June 4, 2004). "Creed Break Up: Mark Tremonti blames tensions between band, singer Scott Stapp.". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1488149/creed-have-been-split-up-months.jhtml.
- ^ "ALTER BRIDGE Part Ways With WIND-UP RECORDS". Blabbermouth.net. April 28, 2006. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=51580.
- ^ Jessica Herndon (April 27, 2009). "Band Creed Reunites for New Album". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20274934,00.html.
- ^ Jay Smith (April 19, 2010). "Creed Reveals ‘20-10’ Tour". Pollstar. http://www.pollstar.com/blogs/news/archive/2010/04/19/718999.aspx.
- ^ "Creed Announce First Live DVD". Guitar World. November 24, 2009. http://www.guitarworld.com/article/creed_announce_first_live_dvd.
- ^ Gary Graff (December 10, 2010). "Native Detroiter Mark Tremonti embraces space between bands Alter Bridge and Creed". The Oakland Press. http://theoaklandpress.com/articles/2010/12/10/entertainment/doc4d01744b28817955477281.txt?viewmode=fullstory.
- ^ Joe D'Angelo (June 8, 2004). "Life After Creed: Alter Bridge Look To A Stapp-Free Future". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/bands/a/alter_bridge/news_feature_040608/.
- ^ Scott Shelter. "Alter Bridge: One Day Remains". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/alter-bridge-one-day-remains/500.
- ^ Johnny Loftus. "One Day Remains - Alter Bridge". Allmusic. http://allmusic.com/album/one-day-remains-r699341/review.
- ^ "RIAA Searchable database – Gold and Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Alter%20Bridge&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "Greatest solo poll: Alter Bridge speak". Guitarist. MusicRadar. March 21, 2011. http://www.musicradar.com/guitarist/greatest-guitar-solo-poll-winners-alter-bridge-speak-403308.
- ^ "ALTER BRIDGE TO RELEASE FIRST-EVER LIVE DVD 'LIVE IN AMSTERDAM'". Road Crew Mag. http://roadcrewmag.com/issue/boo-we-got-the-interviews-for-you/article/alter-bridge-to-release-first-ever-live-dvd-live-in-amsterdam.
- ^ Alter Bridge. "Alter Bridge - Live From Amsterdam - OUT NOW USA/Canada". http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2011/01/10/alter-bridge-live-from-amsterdam-out-now-usacanada/.
- ^ Roadrunner Records (August 31, 2010). "ROADRUNNER WELCOMES ALTER BRIDGE". http://www.roadrunnerrecords.co.uk/page/News?news_id=99701.
- ^ "AB III to Hit Stores in USA November 9th Featuring Hit Single "Isolation"". Alter Bridge's blog. October 6, 2010. http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2010/10/06/ab-iii-to-hit-stores-in-usa-november-9th-featuring-hit-single-%E2%80%9Cisolation%E2%80%9D/. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
- ^ Alter Bridge (September 8, 2010). "New Alter Bridge - AB III - Bio". Alter Bridge's blog. http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2010/09/08/new-alter-bridge-ab-iii-bio/.
- ^ "Alter Bridge Storm the Charts with "AB III"". Muen magazine. November 10, 2010. http://www.muenmagazine.net/2010/11/alter-bridge-storm-the-charts-with-ab-iii/.
- ^ Florino, Rick (2010-10-12). "Alter Bridge "AB III" Review — 5 out of 5 Stars Review". http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/alter-bridge-ab-iii-review-5-out-of-5-stars-review/7680895. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- ^ Alter Bridge (December 18, 2011). "Alter Bridge Press Release - Isolation Goes #1 on Rock Radio". Alter Bridge. http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2011/01/18/alter-bridge-press-release-isolation-goes-1-on-rock-radio/.
- ^ Alter Bridge (February 3, 2011). "New USA Spring Tour Date + Like A Storm Added to Bill". Alter Bridge. http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2011/02/03/new-usa-spring-tour-date-like-a-storm-added-to-bill/.
- ^ "THE SECOND ANNUAL "CARNIVAL OF MADNESS" PRESS RELEASE". Facebook. May 23, 2011. https://www.facebook.com/notes/carnival-of-madness/the-second-annual-car%20nival-of-madness-press-release/224460604247066.
- ^ "Alter Bridge Wembley DVD Release Dates Announced". Fret 12. January 4, 2012. http://fret12.tumblr.com/post/15302733110/between-the-frets-01-04-12.
- ^ Wayne Bledsoe (May 5, 2011). "Alter Bridge had to cut its own road after Creed". Knoxville.com. http://www.knoxville.com/news/2011/may/05/alter-bridge-had-to-cut-its-own-road-after-creed/.
- ^ "Alter Bridge On Hold Until 2013, New Creed In 2012". Banana 101.5. September 12, 2011. http://banana1015.com/alter-bridge-on-hold-until-2013-new-creed-in-2012/.
- ^ a b "ALTER BRIDGE Guitarist MARK TREMONTI Unveils Solo Band (Video)". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. April 10, 2012. http://legacy.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=172450.
- ^ Anne Erickson (March 20, 2012). "Alter Bridge and Creed's Mark Tremonti Reveals Artwork for Solo Album". Audio Ink Radio. http://audioinkradio.com/2012/03/alter-bridge-creed-mark-tremonti-artwork-solo-album/.
- ^ "Leslie West The Sound and The Story – Guitar Instruction / Documentary DVD". Guitar Noize. November 30, 2009. http://www.guitarnoize.com/leslie-west-the-sound-and-the-story-guitar-instruction-documentary-dvd/.
- ^ "Fret12 Releases The Sound And The Story With Troy Stetina". Ultimate Guitar. April 18, 2011. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/fret12_releases_the_sound_and_the_story_with_troy_stetina.html?no_takeover.
- ^ "Interview: Alter Bridge guitarist Mark Tremonti prepares for Rock City". Nottingham Post. October 15, 2010. http://www.thisisnottingham.co.uk/entertainmentnews/Alter-Bridge/article-2754136-detail/article.html.
- ^ Steven Rosen (November 5, 2010). "Mark Tremonti of Creed and Alter Bridge Interview". Ultimate Guitar Archive. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/alter_bridge_we_wanted_to_stay_relevant_and_not_rely_on_legacy.html.
- ^ "Mark Tremonti Working On Speed/Thrash Metal Album". Ultimate Guitar Archive. May 18, 2011. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/mark_tremonti_working_on_speedthrash_metal_album.html.
- ^ Rick Florino (January 17, 2012). "Mark Tremonti Talks Solo Album, Playing Wembley Arena with Alter Bridge, Creed and More". Artistdirect. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/mark-tremonti-talks-solo-album-playing-wembley-arena-with-alter-bridge-creed-and-more/9833329.
- ^ "Creed's Mark Tremonti Releasing Solo Debut". Billboard. April 26, 2012. http://www.billboard.com/news/creed-s-mark-tremonti-releasing-solo-debut-1006882152.story#/news/creed-s-mark-tremonti-releasing-solo-debut-1006882152.story.
- ^ "Quick Hits: Maroon 5, Mark Tremonti, Norah Jones, TLC, Demi Lovato, The Killers, Passion Pit, Van Halen". FMQB. April 26, 2012. http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2444158.
- ^ Mary Ouellette (May 6, 2012). "Tremonti, ‘You Waste Your Time’ – Song Review". loudwire.com. http://loudwire.com/tremonti-you-waste-your-time-song-review/.
- ^ Chad Childers (May 8, 2012). "Mark Tremonti Cracks iTunes Top 10 With Single ‘You Waste Your Time’". Loudwire.com. http://loudwire.com/mark-tremonti-itunes-top-10-single-you-waste-your-time/.
- ^ Carlos Ramirez (May 17, 2012). "Tremonti, 'You Waste Your Time': Creed, Alter Bridge Guitarist Makes Solo Debut (VIDEO PREMIERE)". Noisecreep. http://www.noisecreep.com/2012/05/17/tremonti-you-waste-your-time-performance-video/.
- ^ allmusic ((( Lord, I Apologize > Credits ))) Allmusic.
- ^ Ragogna, Mike (August 13, 2010). "A Conversation With Creed's Mark Tremonti". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-ragogna/a-conversation-with-creed_b_680948.html.
- ^ "Mark Tremonti guests on Michael Angelo Batio album". MarkTremonti.net. May 24, 2004. http://www.marktremonti.net/newsitem.php?id=3.
- ^ a b Chopik, Ivan (November 9, 2007). "Mark Tremonti Interview (Alter Bridge, Creed)". Guitar Messenger. http://www.guitarmessenger.com/interviews/mark-tremonti-interview-alter-bridge-creed/.
- ^ "ALTER BRIDGE Guitarist To Release Instructional DVD; Trailer Available". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. June 23, 2008. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=99585.
- ^ allmusic ((( Hands Without Shadows, Vol. 2: Voices > Credits ))) Allmusic.
- ^ Holley, Bryan (August 3, 2010). "Interview with Submersed: Timing is Everything". Artist Spotlight. Musician's Friend. http://community.musiciansfriend.com/docs/DOC-2699.
- ^ "FOZZY: Ex-MEGADETH Guitarist FRIEDMAN, CREED's TREMONTI To Guest On New CD". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. April 29, 2004. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=21910.
- ^ "FOZZY: 'All That Remains' Track Listing, Artwork Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. November 20, 2004. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=29427.
- ^ "MarkTremonti.net interview with Mark Tremonti at the Croc Rock in Allentown, PA". MarkTremonti.net. July 25, 2008. http://www.marktremonti.net/interview.php?id=mtnetmark.
- ^ "SEVENDUST: New Song Posted Online". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. February 8, 2008. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=90338.
- ^ "New Sevendust Album To Feature Chris Daughtry, Mark Tremonti & Myles Kennedy". Melodic.net. February 22, 2008. http://www.melodic.net/?page=news&id=9779.
- ^ Rick Florino (January 20, 2012). "Reading List: Mark Tremonti of Alter Bridge and Creed". Artistdirect. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/reading-list-mark-tremonti-of-alter-bridge-and-creed/9867380.
- ^ "Michael Tremonti comments on recent Alter Bridge rumours". EspyRock. http://espyrock.com/news/michael-tremonti-comments-on-recent-alter-bridge-rumours.
- ^ "CORE 12: A CREATIVE AGENCY". http://www.core12.com/.
- ^ "Alter Bridge - Full Biography". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/alter_bridge/artist.jhtml#biographyEnd.
- ^ "Gold and Platinum database". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH.
- ^ "Awards for Creed". MetroLyrics. http://www.metrolyrics.com/creed-awards-featured.html.
- ^ "GRAMMY AWARDS:BEST ROCK VOCAL PERFORMANCE BY A DUO OR GROUP". Rock on the Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/rockgroup.htm.
External links[link]
- Official website
- Mark Tremonti on Twitter
- Mark Tremonti on Facebook
- Mark Tremonti's channel on YouTube
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tremonti, Mark |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | April 18, 1974 |
| Place of birth | Detroit, Michigan |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mark_Tremonti
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Тремонти, Марк
http://fr.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://pt.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://de.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://it.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://pl.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://cs.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
http://es.wn.com/Mark Tremonti
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Tremonti
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the musician. For other uses, see Tim Armstrong (disambiguation).
| Tim Armstrong | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Timothy Lockwood Armstrong |
| Also known as | Lint, Tim Timebomb |
| Born | (1965-11-25) November 25, 1965 (age 46) Berkeley, California, United States |
| Origin | Albany, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Punk rock, ska punk, street punk, hardcore punk |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, producer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, bass, drums, keyboards, synthesizer, harmonica |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Labels | Lookout!, Hellcat, Epitaph |
| Associated acts | Rancid, Devils Brigade, Transplants, Operation Ivy, Dance Hall Crashers, Downfall, Basic Radio, Shaken 69, Box Car Racer, The Silencers, The LJs, Generator, Danny Diablo |
| Website | www.ratsinthehallway.com[dead link] |
| Notable instruments | |
| Hagström Viking Gretsch Country Club Gibson SG |
|
Timothy Lockwood Armstrong (born November 25, 1965)[1] is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known for his work with punk rock bands Rancid, Operation Ivy, Downfall, and the Transplants. He is also the owner and operator of Hellcat Records.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Armstrong was born November 25, 1965 and was raised primarily by his mother. At the age of five, he met Matt Freeman while playing Little League Baseball in Albany, California. Freeman and Armstrong formed a band many years later based on their shared love of bands such as The Clash and the Ramones. They both went to Albany Middle and High School. Armstrong married musician Brody Dalle in 1997, when she was only 18 and the couple divorced in 2003. Many of the lyrics on the album Indestructible deal with Armstrong's feelings about his divorce.
Music career[link]
Basic Radio[link]
Basic Radio was founded in 1985 and included Matt Freeman and Tim Armstrong. The band never released any albums or EPs, but recorded demos, and soon after its break-up, Operation Ivy was founded.
Operation Ivy[link]
In 1987, along with singer Jesse Michaels and drummer Dave Mello, Armstrong and Freeman formed the ska punk band Operation Ivy and enjoyed modest success before the group disbanded in 1989, the same night the album was released. The band would go on to achieve worldwide cult success in the years following its break-up.
Downfall[link]
Downfall was an aftershock of Operation Ivy. Armstrong, Freeman, and Mello were joined by Mello's brother Pat, and Jason Hammon. Pat and Jason would both play guitar, while Armstrong took up duties on vocals. They lasted three months (December 1989 to March 1990), playing only at a few parties and twice at Gilman St. They released one song on Maximumrocknroll's They Don't Get Paid, They Don't Get Laid, but Boy, Do They Work Hard! compilation, one song on David Hayes' Very Small World compilation, one song on Lookout! Records' Can of Pork compilation, and recorded a demo. It disbanded when Freeman joined MDC on bass while Armstrong was a roadie for the band, while Pat and Dave went on to form Schlong.
Rancid[link]
After the demise of Operation Ivy, Armstrong (being severely depressed) began to suffer from alcoholism, and eventually became homeless.[2] During this time, Freeman suggested the two start a new band together, partially in hopes of curbing Armstrong's alcohol addiction. Armstrong began writing songs that would appear on their first album. Their new band, Rancid would eventually go on to become one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful punk rock bands of all time.
The Transplants[link]
In 1999, Armstrong invited roadie Rob Aston ("Skinhead Rob") to add lyrics to some solo material that Armstrong had been creating in his basement, and the two worked together writing and recording music. They formed the group Transplants with Travis Barker of Blink-182 and released their self-titled debut album on October 22, 2002. A second Transplants album, Haunted Cities, was released on June 21, 2005. The Transplants break-up was confirmed by Rob Aston on January 16, 2006, when he told a reporter that the group had split. However, Barker has recently announced that the trio is currently working on a new album. They played their first show since 2006 on Conan to promote the bands drummer, Travis Barker, new solo album by playing the song "Saturday Night" which is featured on Barker's solo album. It was announced in November 2011 on the Transplants official Facebook page that their new album would be "finished" in December 2011.
Other projects[link]
Armstrong co-wrote eight songs with Pink for her 2003 album Try This. He has also collaborated with Gwen Stefani on her debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. and has contributed guest vocals on songs for such bands as Bad Religion, Time Again, The Matches, Mest, Good Charlotte, Head Automatica, The Aggrolites and Box Car Racer. He and Matt Freeman also play in a psychobilly band called Devils Brigade. In 2007, he released his first solo album entitled A Poet's Life with The Aggrolites as his backing band. The track from that album "Into Action" was reported as the number one most played and requested in 2007 on then XM Satellite Radio channel Fungus 53.[3] It was announced on August 12, 2011 that Tim Armstrong was working on an album with reggae artist Jimmy Cliff.[4] Their first single, a cover of The Clash song "The Guns of Brixton", was released on October 4, 2011. Sacred Fire EP was released late November 2011 and they are planning to release a full length album in 2012.
Hellcat Records[link]
Armstrong started Hellcat Records in 1997 as a sub-label of Epitaph, owned by Armstrong's friend and Bad Religion member Brett Gurewitz. Armstrong acts as a talent scout for Hellcat, and has final say concerning what groups are signed to the label. Armstrong also owns the merchandise manufacturer Machete Mfg,[5] which provides merchandise for bands on Hellcat Records.
Signature model guitar[link]
In 2010, Gretsch Guitars introduced the G5191BK Tim Armstrong Electromatic guitar. The single cutaway hollowbody electric guitar featured a 17" wide body in a flat-black urethane finish, parallel tone bars and sound post, two “Black Top” Filter'Tron pickups, Grover tuners, big block fretboard inlays, a harp tailpiece and gold-plated hardware. Gretsch advertising for the model prominently features Armstrong with the guitar.[6] It is based on his 1970's-era Gretsch Country Club model which he spray-painted black and flipped to accommodate his left-handed playing.[7] The signature model is available in both right and left-handed models. Fender also put out a signature acoustic model based on Tim's favorite 60's era Fender acoustic guitar. The "Hellcat" has hellcat inlays in the 3 5 and 7th fret positions and two skulls in the 12th fret. It is outfitted with a tortoise shell pick guard and Fishman brand electronics. It is available in right and left handed models.
Discography[link]
Operation Ivy[link]
Guitar and backing vocals. Credited as "Lint".
- Hectic (1988)
- Energy (1989)
- Plea for Peace (1992)
- '69 Newport (1993)
Downfall[link]
- Can of Pork - "North Berkeley"
- Very Small World - "New Regulations"
- They Don't Get Paid, They Don't Get Laid, But Boy Do They Work Hard! - "Long Way to Go"
- Later That Same Year - "My City"
Special Forces[link]
Bass Guitar. Credited as "Lint".
Rancid[link]
Guitar and vocals.
- Rancid (1993)
- Let's Go (1994)
- ...And Out Come the Wolves (1995)
- Life Won't Wait (1998)
- Rancid (2000)
- Indestructible (2003)
- Let the Dominoes Fall (2009)
Bad Religion[link]
- Stranger Than Fiction (1994) - guest vocals on "Television"
Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards[link]
- Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards (2001) - guitar, backing vocals
- Viking (2004) - vocals on "My Life to Live"
Transplants[link]
Guitar and vocals.
- Transplants (2002)
- Haunted Cities (2005)
Travis Barker[link]
- Give The Drummer Some (2011) - "Saturday Night"
Solo albums[link]
Guitar and vocals.
- A Poet's Life (2007)
- "Tim Timebomb Sings Songs From Rock N Roll Theater" (2012)
Devils Brigade[link]
Guitar and backing vocals.
- Stalingrad/Psychos All Around Me (2003)
- Vampire Girl (2005)
- Devils Brigade (2010) - Lead vocals on "Bridge of Gold" and "Gentlemen of the Road".
Jimmy Cliff[link]
Guitar and Production
- Sacred Fire EP (2011)
Produced albums[link]
- Answer That and Stay Fashionable (1995) by AFI
- East los Presents (1997) by Union 13
- At Ease (1997) by The Gadjits
- F-Minus (2000) by F-Minus
- Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards (2001) by Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards
- Try This (2003) by Pink
- Viking (2004) by Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards
- The Stories Are True (2006) by Time Again
- Decomposer (2006) by The Matches
- Live Freaky! Die Freaky! (2006) by John Roecker
- Sound Soldier (2007) by Skye Sweetnam
Filmography[link]
- Larry Is Dead (1995) director, actor, producer
- Live Freaky! Die Freaky! (2003) producer, narrator
- The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things (2004) acting
- Give 'Em the Boot (2005) producer
- Punk's Not Dead (2007) producer
- "Rock N Roll Theater" (2011) Actor, Producer, Writer
References[link]
- ^ Many sources give "November 25, 1966 in Oakland, CA" as Tim Armstrong's birthdate and place. According to Family Tree Legends, a "Timothy R. Armstrong" was born November 25, 1965 in Alameda County (Oakland). Coincidence? [1]
- ^ Duxbury, Micky. "White Punks on Warner Bros. | Feature | Oakland, Berkeley & Bay Area News & Arts Coverage". Eastbayexpress.com. http://www.eastbayexpress.com/news/white_punks_on_warner_bros_/Content?oid=286084. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ "Archive". LouBrutus.com. http://www.loubrutus.com/archive.html. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ "Jimmy Cliff working on new album with Tim Armstrong". Punknews.org. http://www.punknews.org/article/43901. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
- ^ "Punk T-Shirts, Sweatshirts, Stickers, Buttons, Patches, etc". Machete Mfg. http://www.machetemfg.com/. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ Gretsch Specification Sheet[dead link]
- ^ "Tim Armstrong Gretsch Electromatic". The Fifth Fret. 2010-01-18. http://www.fifthfret.org/2010/01/tim-armstrong-gretsch-electromatic.html. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Armstrong, Tim |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | November 25, 1965 |
| Place of birth | Berkeley, California, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tim_Armstrong
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Армстронг, Тим
http://fr.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
http://nl.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
http://pt.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
http://de.wn.com/Tim Armstrong (Musiker)
http://it.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
http://pl.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
http://es.wn.com/Tim Armstrong
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Armstrong
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the TV series, see The Mighty Boosh (TV series).
| The Mighty Boosh | |
|---|---|
| 300px The Mighty Boosh From left to right: Howard Moon (Julian Barratt), Bollo (Dave Brown), Naboo the Enigma (Michael Fielding), Vince Noir (Noel Fielding) and Bob Fossil (Rich Fulcher). |
|
| Medium | Theatre, radio, television |
| Years active | 1998 – present |
| Genres | Double act, surreal humour |
| Subject(s) | Surrealism, fashion victims, ElectroPonce, fantasy |
| Influences | Reeves & Mortimer, The Goodies, Mr Benn, Monty Python, Frank Zappa, Basil Brush, The Young Ones |
| Notable works and roles | The Mighty Boosh (stage show, 1998) Arctic Boosh (stage show, 1999) Autoboosh (2000) The Boosh (2001) The Mighty Boosh (TV, 2004–2007) The Mighty Boosh Live (2006) The Mighty Book of Boosh (Book, 2008) Boosh Live: Future Sailors Tour (2008-09) The Mighty Decider (iPhone app, 2010) |
| Members | Julian Barratt Noel Fielding Dave Brown Michael Fielding Rich Fulcher |
| Website | The Mighty Boosh Online |
The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy troupe featuring comedians Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding. Developed from 3 stage shows and a 6-episode radio series, it has since spawned a total of 20 television episodes for BBC Three and 2 live tours of the UK, as well as 2 live shows in the United States.
Contents |
History[link]
Fielding first met Barratt after seeing him perform his solo stand-up routine at the Hellfire Comedy Club in the Wycombe Swan Theatre.[1] The pair soon found that they shared comic interests, formed a double act, and "decided to be the new Goodies".[2] After their first performance together at a bar in London in April 1998, Barratt and Fielding developed their zookeeper characters--Howard Moon and Vince Noir, respectively--in a series of sketches for Paramount Comedy’s Unnatural Acts. Here they also met American Rich Fulcher, who became Bob Fossil. Fielding’s friend Dave Brown and Fielding's brother Michael also became regular collaborators. Richard Ayoade was another original cast member, playing adventurer Dixon Bainbridge, but Matt Berry replaced him in the first television series, since Ayoade was under contract with Channel 4.[3] Ayoade returned in the second and third series as a belligerent shaman named Saboo.
According to Michael Fielding, the name "Mighty Boosh" was originally a phrase used by a Spanish friend to describe the curly hair that Michael had as a child.[4]
The Boosh produced 3 stage shows--The Mighty Boosh (1998), Arctic Boosh (1999) and Autoboosh (2000)--all of which were taken to the Edinburgh Fringe. With the success of Autoboosh, a radio series was commissioned by the BBC. Produced by Danny Wallace, The Boosh was first broadcast in 2001 on BBC London Live, later transferring to BBC Radio 4, from which the team were given a half-hour television pilot of the same name.
The first 8-part series, directed by Paul King, was then commissioned for BBC Three and broadcast in 2004, with a second of 6 episodes the next year. The second series moved away from the zoo setting to show Howard, Vince, Naboo the shaman and Bollo the talking ape living in a flat in Dalston.[5] In 2006, the Boosh returned to theatre with The Mighty Boosh Live, which featured a new story entitled "The Ruby of Kukundu".
After two years away from television, the Boosh returned in November 2007. Set in Naboo’s second-hand shop below the flat, the third series drew approximately 1 million viewers with its first episode,[6] and in light of its success, BBC Three broadcast an entire night of The Mighty Boosh on 22 March 2008, which included a new documentary and 6 of Barratt and Fielding's favourite episodes from all 3 series.
Main Cast[link]
- Julian Barratt as Howard Moon
- Noel Fielding as Vince Noir
- Michael Fielding as Naboo
- Dave Brown as Bollo
- Rich Fulcher as Bob Fossil
Note: The cast members also play smaller roles throughout the series, the roles listed above are their most frequently appearing characters. For a full list of characters, see the List of The Mighty Boosh characters.
Theatre[link]
Original stage shows[link]
[edit] The Mighty Boosh (1998)
Main article: The Mighty Boosh (1998 stage show)
The Boosh, then consisting of only Barratt and Fielding, conceived The Mighty Boosh whilst working on Stewart Lee's Edinburgh Festival show King Dong vs. Moby Dick in which they played a giant penis and a whale respectively.
In 1998, they took The Mighty Boosh to the Edinburgh Festival, recruiting fellow comedian Rich Fulcher, whom the pair had met while working on Unnatural Acts. The show won the Perrier Award for Best Newcomer. During their residency at North London's Hen and Chickens Theatre the following year, they built up a cult following, introducing new characters whilst developing old ones.
[edit] Arctic Boosh (1999)
Main article: Arctic Boosh
File:Mightyboosh2008tour.jpg
Poster used in magazines and venues around the UK to promote the Boosh's nationwide 2008 tour.
In 1999, the Boosh returned to the Edinburgh Festival with a new show, Arctic Boosh, with Dave Brown acting as choreographer and photographer, as well as playing a variety of characters. Arctic Boosh sold out every night and was nominated for the Perrier Award.
[edit] Autoboosh (2000)
Main article: Autoboosh
In 2000, the Boosh premiered their third stage show, Autoboosh, at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, adding Fielding's younger brother Michael to the cast. Autoboosh won the festival's Barry Award.
Nationwide tours[link]
[edit] The Mighty Boosh Live (2006)
Main article: The Mighty Boosh (2006 stage show)
The Boosh returned to the stage in 2006, touring the UK for the first time. Though drawing heavily from their earlier material, the main story combined these elements into a new narrative. A recording of this show at the Brixton Academy was later released on DVD, before being broadcast on BBC Three on Boxing Day, 2007.
[edit] Boosh Live: Future Sailors Tour (2008/09)
Main article: Boosh Live: Future Sailors Tour
The Boosh toured the UK and Ireland for a second time from September 2008 to February 2009. The show featured characters from all three series as well as the Boosh Band.
They made appearances throughout the UK after their live shows, at after-parties held in different places in each city. The events were called "Outrage", after the catchphrase by Tony Harrison.
Radio[link]
[edit] The Boosh (2001)
Main article: The Boosh (radio series)
From the success of Autoboosh, the BBC commissioned a 6-part radio series for the Boosh. In October 2001 The Boosh radio series, produced by Danny Wallace, was broadcast on BBC London Live, then BBC Radio 4, and later on BBC 7. The show focuses on the adventures of a pair of zookeepers at "Bob Fossil's Funworld": socially awkward, jazz enthusiast Howard TJ Moon, and ultra-vain, fashion-obsessed Vince Noir. This also included voices from Lee Mack also, playing such characters as the Plumber or the Gardener.
Further appearances[link]
The Mighty Boosh returned to radio on 22 October 2004, in a one-off comedy special for The Breezeblock, a show on BBC Radio 1.[7] Instead of the plot driven nature of their own series, this show featured improvised conversational comedy with Barratt, Fielding and Fulcher, combined with the show's usual mix of electronic music.
On 15 November 2007, as part of the publicity for the premier of their third series the same day, Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding returned to Radio 1, this time on Jo Whiley's Live Lounge.[8]
Television[link]
[edit] The Mighty Boosh (2004–07)
Main article: The Mighty Boosh (TV series)
File:MightyBooshTitles.png
Opening titles of The Mighty Boosh on TV & film.
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In May 2004, after the success of a Boosh pilot, Steve Coogan's company, Baby Cow Productions, produced the first television series of The Mighty Boosh for BBC Three, before it moved to BBC Two in November that same year. Though each episode invariably starts and ends in Dixon Bainbridge’s dilapidated zoo, the "Zooniverse", the characters of Vince and Howard often depart for other locations, such as the Arctic tundra and limbo.
A second series, shown in July 2005, saw Howard and Vince sharing Naboo's flat in Dalston with previously minor characters Naboo and his familiar, Bollo, a gorilla living at the "Zooniverse". This series had an even looser setting as the 4 characters leave the confines of the flat in every episode, travelling in their van to a variety of surrealistic environments, including Naboo's home planet "Xooberon".
Series three started in November 2007, still set in Dalston, but this time the foursome are selling 'Bits & Bobs' in their shop, the Nabootique. Their adventures and outings in this series focused more on the involvement of new characters (e.g. Sammy the Crab, or Lester Corncrake etc.) rather than just the two of them.
Although BBC America originally aired only series 1 in the U.S (all episodes in their entirety), The Mighty Boosh began airing in North America on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block (with up to 6 minutes cut from each episode), starting 29 March 2009 with the third series.[9]
[edit] The Mighty Boosh Night
On 22 March 2008, BBC Three broadcast a whole night of The Mighty Boosh from 9.05 pm, starting with a new documentary entitled The Mighty Boosh: A Journey Through Time and Space, documenting the history of the Boosh from their first amateur performances to their then-upcoming 2008 tour. This was followed by six of Barratt and Fielding's favourite episodes from the three series: "Party", "The Power of the Crimp", "The Nightmare of Milky Joe", "The Priest and the Beast", "The Legend of Old Gregg", and "Tundra". The pair also appeared in live links throughout the night, in a similar style to the openings of Series 1 episodes. On 23 December 2008, BBC3 held a Merry Booshmas Party featuring the entire series 3 as well as a broadcast of The Mighty Boosh Live.[10]
Film[link]
On 8 February 2012, Noel Fielding said that he and Barratt had discussed plans to make a Mighty Boosh film, whilst sledging.[11]
Festival[link]
On 5 July 2008, the Boosh held their own festival in the Hop Farm in Kent. It featured musical acts, Robots in Disguise, The Charlatans, The Kills, Gary Numan, and The Mighty Boosh Band, as well as comedy acts Frankie Boyle and Ross Noble.
Media[link]
Audio CDs[link]
| Title | Release date | Contents | Bonus material |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Mighty Boosh | 8 November 2004 | All 6 episodes of the Boosh's radio series across 3 discs | Interview with producer Danny Wallace, outtakes |
| The Mighty Boosh Live | 13 November 2006 | Audio recording of their live show at Brixton Academy | N/A |
According to an official MySpace page for PieFace Records (the fictitious music label mentioned throughout the series), Barratt and Fielding are to release an album of music from the show, "along with extras, versions, remixes and rare unreleased stuff all to be released later in the year on their own label--this one".[12] In interviews since, The Mighty Boosh have confirmed they will be releasing an album of their music.[13] On the 21 October[when?] episode of Never Mind the Buzzcocks, Fielding stated that the Boosh have recorded an album, but don't know when it will be released.
DVDs[link]
| Title | UK Release date | US Release date | Contents | Special features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Mighty Boosh | 29 August 2005 | 21 July 2009 | All 8 episodes of the first television series across 2 discs | Inside the Zooniverse, history of the Boosh, Boosh music, out-takes, picture gallery, commentary on "Bollo", "Tundra", "Electro" and "Hitcher". |
| The Mighty Boosh 2 | 13 February 2006 | 21 July 2009 | All 6 episodes of the second series, plus a second disc of special features | Boosh pilot, Boosh publicity, making of Series Two, commentary on all six episodes, photo gallery, out-takes, deleted scenes, Sweet |
| The Mighty Boosh: Series One & Two | 13 February 2006 | n/a | Box set of first and second series DVDs, plus exclusive booklet | Identical to individual releases |
| The Mighty Boosh Live | 13 November 2006 | n/a | Recording of their live show at Brixton Academy | Backstage & tour documentary, the Ralfe Band, a deleted scene, The Culture Show piece |
| The Mighty Boosh 3 | 11 February 2008 | 21 July 2009 | All 6 episodes of the third series across 2 discs | Making Boosh 3, Boosh publicity, deleted scenes, Mint Royale promo, Boosh music, out-takes, Boosh 3 trailer, audio commentaries |
| The Mighty Boosh Special Edition DVD | 17 November 2008 | 13 October 2009 | Box set of first three series DVDs, plus seventh disc | Identical to individual releases, plus stickers, postcards, 'A Journey Through Time and Space' documentary, behind the scenes of a live night, footage from the Royal Television Society Awards, Dave Stewart interview, the making of Sammy the Crab, outtakes and deleted scenes from the pilot, pre-recorded live night links, cinema trailer, crimping collection, Unnatural Acts zoo-keeper sketches, Bob Fossil audio |
| Boosh Live; Future Sailors Tour | 9 November 2009 | n/a | A DVD release of Boosh Live at the Manchester Apollo on 3 & 4 December 2008 | Features the full show, commentary, audience participation option, Bob Fossil's Vietnam Video Diaries, highlights from The Mighty Boosh Festival and performances from the Teenage Cancer Trust concert at the Royal Albert Hall. Footage was filmed during the aftershow party that week at Club Academy, and members of the audience in costumes were filmed and photographed throughout the week, which may also add towards the additional features. There will also be a "Limited Edition". |
| Mighty Boosh On Tour: Journey Of The Childmen | 15 November 2010 | n/a |
Previously most of the DVDs were only released in Region 2 but as a result of a growing fan base in the U.S., the BBC rereleased in Region 1, Series 1-3 individually on 21 July 2009,[14][15] and a Special Edition Series 1-3 Boxset on 13 October 2009.[16]
Australian releases[link]
- Series One - 11 April 2007
- Series Two - 12 April 2007
- Series Three - 6 August 2008
- Live - 3 December 2008
- Special Edition - 6 August 2009
- Future Sailors Tour - 10 November 2009
- Series One: Episodes 1-3 (Comedy Bites) - 4 March 2010
Books[link]
On 18 September 2008, Canongate Books published The Mighty Book of Boosh, designed and compiled by Dave Brown and written by Noel Fielding, Julian Barratt, Rich Fulcher, Dave Brown, Richard Ayoade and Michael Fielding. The book includes original stories, crimps, concept art, behind-the-scenes photography, comics, and various other things, featuring old and new Mighty Boosh characters. On 1 October 2009, a paperback version was released under the name The Pocket Book of Boosh.
Awards[link]
Particularly popular among followers of the indie and electro music genres which the NME magazine caters to, The Mighty Boosh has been recipient of the Shockwaves NME Awards Best TV Show for three consecutive years, even though there were no new episodes broadcast for the latter two of the three years.
| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Edinburgh Festival Fringe | Perrier Comedy Award | Arctic Boosh | Nominated |
| 2000 | Melbourne International Comedy Festival | Barry Award | Autoboosh | Won |
| 2001 | Douglas Adams Award | Innovative Writing[17] | The Boosh | Won |
| 2004 | British Comedy Awards | Best New TV Comedy | Series 1 | Nominated |
| 2004 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest TV Programme | Series 1 | Nominated |
| 2005 | RTS Craft & Design Awards | Costume Design - Entertainment and Non Drama Productions[18] | June Nevin Series 2 |
Nominated |
| 2005 | BAFTA Television Awards | Best New Director (Fiction) | Paul King Series 2 |
Nominated |
| 2008 | Alistair Baldwin Comedy Awards | Best Stage Show | The Mighty Boosh Live | Nominated |
| 2006 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest TV Programme | Series 2 | Nominated |
| 2006 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest Double Act | Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding Series 2 |
Nominated |
| 2006 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest DVD | Series 2 | Nominated |
| 2007 | Chortle Awards | Best Full-Length Solo Show[19] | The Mighty Boosh Live | Won |
| 2007 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest TV Programme[20] | Series 3 | Won |
| 2007 | Loaded LAFTAS | Funniest Double Act | Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding Series 3 |
Nominated |
| 2007 | NME Awards | Best TV Show[21] | Series 3 | Won |
| 2008 | NME Awards | Best TV Show[22] | Series 3 | Won |
| 2008 | RTS Programme Awards | Situation Comedy and Comedy Drama[23] | Series 3 | Won |
| 2009 | NME Awards | Best TV Show[24] | Series 3 | Won |
| 2010 | NME Awards | Best DVD[25] | Future Sailors | Won |
Notes[link]
- ^ "The Mighty Boosh: A Journey Through Time and Space". The Mighty Boosh. 22 March 2008.
- ^ Raphael, Amy (21 October 2007). "Boys from the Boosh" (in English). The Observer. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/magazine/story/0,,2193898,00.html. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ Inside the Zooniverse, The Mighty Boosh: Series 1, BBCDVD1553.
- ^ How The Mighty Boosh got its name – Exclusive Mike Fielding Interview – BBC
- ^ BBC. Where is series two set?, bbc.co.uk.
- ^ Barber, Nicholas (9 December 2007). "Noel Fielding: The comedian is returning to his first love - painting" (in English). The Independent. http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article3229391.ece. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ^ Susie T. Radio 1 Breezeblock - The Mighty Boosh, The Mighty Boosh News Updates, 17 November 2004.
- ^ Jo Whiley. Mighty Boosh in the Live Lounge, BBC Radio 1, 15 November 2007.
- ^ Dragoncon08. Adult Swim Panel Highlights.
- ^ BBC. Mighty Boosh Night BBC Three, 22 March 2008.
- ^ Christopher Hooton (8 February 2012). "Noel Fielding confirms Mighty Boosh movie is on the way". Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/tv/889746-noel-fielding-confirms-mighty-boosh-movie-is-on-the-way. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ "PieFace Records on MySpace Music". http://www.myspace.com/officialpiefacerecords. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
- ^ "Work starts on Mighty Boosh film". Newsbeat. 26 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/entertainment/newsid_10000000/newsid_10002500/10002568.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
- ^ It Is Coming: The Mighty Boosh Is Coming To Your American DVD Player, 8 April 2009.
- ^ [1], 8 April 2009.
- ^ [2], 29 May 2009.
- ^ Chortle. Boosh win writing prize, First Douglas Adams Award, 26 October 2001
- ^ Royal Television Society. RTS Craft & Design Awards 2004/2005, 22 November 2005.
- ^ Chortle. Chortle Awards, The UK Comedy guide, 2007.
- ^ Loaded. Loaded LAFTAS, 2007.
- ^ NME. The Mighty Boosh wins Best TV Show at Shockwave NME Awards, NME.COM, 1 March 2007.
- ^ NME. Shockwaves NME Awards 2008: The Mighty Boosh wins Best TV Show, NME.COM, 28 February 2008.
- ^ BBC. RTS Awards: Winners list, bbc.co.uk, 20 March 2008.
- ^ NME. The Mighty Boosh win Shockwaves NME Awards Best TV Show gong:, NME.COM, 25 February 2009.
- ^ http://twitter.com/nmeradio
External links[link]
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- The Mighty Boosh official site
- BBC Mighty Boosh Mighty Boosh on bbc.co.uk
- UKTV Mighty Boosh Mighty Boosh on UKtv.co.uk
- The Mighty Boosh at the Internet Movie Database
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Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
