It has been suggested that TEDxESCP be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2011.

TED Conferences, LLC

Type	LLC
Founder(s)	Richard Saul Wurman[1]
Headquarters	New York City, New York, United States
Area served	Worldwide
Owner	Sapling Foundation[2]
Slogan	Ideas worth Spreading
Website	www.ted.com
Alexa rank	1,075[3]
Type of site	Academic conference
Registration	Optional
Available in	English, multilingual subtitle, transcript
Launched	1984
Current status	Active

TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design) is a global set of conferences owned by the private non-profit Sapling Foundation, formed to disseminate "ideas worth spreading."

TED was founded in 1984^[1] as a one-off event and the conference was held annually from 1990 in Monterey, California.^[4] TED's early emphasis was largely technology and design, consistent with a Silicon Valley center of gravity. The events are now held in Long Beach and Palm Springs in the U.S. and in Europe and Asia, offering live streaming of the talks. They address an increasingly wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture. The speakers are given a maximum of 18 minutes to present their ideas in the most innovative and engaging ways they can. Past presenters include Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, Malcolm Gladwell, Al Gore, Gordon Brown, Richard Dawkins, Bill Gates, educator Salman Khan, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, and many Nobel Prize winners.^[5] TED's current curator is the British former computer journalist and magazine publisher Chris Anderson.

From 2005 to 2009, three $100,000 TED Prizes were awarded annually to help its winners realize a chosen wish to change the world. From 2010, in a changed selection process, a single winner is chosen to ensure that TED can maximize its efforts in achieving the winner's wish. Each winner unveils their wish at the main annual conference.

Since June 2006,^[1] the talks have been offered for free viewing online, under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs Creative Commons license, through TED.com.^[6] As of November 2011, over 1,050 talks are available free online.^[7] By January 2009 they had been viewed 50 million times. In June 2011, the viewing figure stood at more than 500 million,^[8] reflecting a still growing global audience.^[9] The website was designed and developed by experience design firm, Method^[10].

Background[link]

Bill Clinton addresses TED, 2007

Curator Chris Anderson in 2007

Robert Ballard giving an impassioned presentation on the importance of exploring the oceans at TED 2008

TED's mission statement begins:

We believe passionately in the power of ideas to change attitudes, lives and ultimately, the world. So we're building here a clearinghouse that offers free knowledge and inspiration from the world's most inspired thinkers, and also a community of curious souls to engage with ideas and each other.^[11]

The TED staff is headquartered in New York City and Vancouver. The conference was held in Monterey, California until 2009. It was then relocated to Long Beach, California due to a substantial increase of attendees.^[12]

TED was founded by Richard Saul Wurman and Harry Marks in 1984, and has been held annually since 1990. Wurman, credited with having coined the term information architect in 1979, left after the 2002 conference; the event is now hosted by Chris Anderson and owned by his non-profit organization, The Sapling Foundation,^[2] devoted to "fostering the spread of great ideas." In 2006, attendance cost was $4,400 and was by invitation only.^[13] The membership model was shifted in January 2007 to an annual membership fee of $6,000, which includes attendance of the conference, club mailings, networking tools and conference DVDs.

Since June 2006, TED Talks have been made available online on the websites of TED, YouTube, and iTunes,^[14][15][16] and since late 2009, there have been free apps for iOS (iPhone, iPad), Android, webOS and Windows Phone 7.^[17] In 2009, the TED website won the award for Best Use of Video or Moving Image at the 13th Annual Webby Awards.^[18] In 2012, TED Talks became available to stream through Netflix.^[19] TED.com won a Peabody Award in April 2012. ^[20]

TED Talks are transcribed and translated into a number of languages as part of the TED Open-Translation Project, which aims to "[reach] out to the 4.5 billion people on the planet who don't speak English," according to TED Curator Chris Anderson. At the time of the launch, over 300 translations were done by volunteer transcribers in over 40 languages.^[21]

TED 2011, The Rediscovery of Wonder, was held in Long Beach, California, from February 28 to March 4, 2011.^[21][22] The TED conference has a companion conference, TEDGlobal, held in the UK each summer. The 2009 TEDGlobal, The Substance of Things Not Seen, was held in Oxford, UK, July 21–24, 2009. 2010s TEDGlobal (again in Oxford) was themed And Now The Good News; in 2011 the conference moved to a new home in Edinburgh and was held from July 12–15 with the theme The Stuff Of Life.

TED Prize[link]

The TED Prize was introduced in 2005. In prior years, three individuals were each given $100,000 and granted a "wish to change the world," which they unveil at TED.^[23] However, starting in 2010, only one prize is awarded since "at least half of [the wishes] still require our engagement," and, "adding too many more risks dilution of effort."

Programs[link]

TEDxParis, 2009: one of many events now organized under the TEDx program

TEDxTimisoara Women simulcast organizers and some attendees, 2010

TED Fellows

The TED Fellows fellowship program brings together young world-changers and trailblazers who have shown unusual accomplishment and exceptional courage.^[32] The program targets individuals from the Asia/Pacific region, Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America and the Middle East, though anyone from anywhere in the world, age 18 and over, can apply. TED keeps a directory of past Fellows available on its website.

TEDMED

TEDMED is an annual conference focusing on health and medicine. TEDMED is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference.^[33]

TEDx

TED grants licenses to third parties to organize TEDx events in cities around the world.^[34] These one-time only licenses are free, but franchisees must be approved by TED and agree to adhere to a strict set of rules including format, duration, number of invited guests, agreeing that half-day events show "A minimum of two official, pre-recorded TEDTalks" and that all-day events "at least 25% of the total number of talks must be official, pre-recorded TEDTalks." Speakers are not paid and they must agree to give TED the right to edit and distribute their presentation.

According to TED these events were "created in the spirit of TED's mission, "ideas worth spreading." The program is designed to give communities, organizations and individuals the opportunity to stimulate dialogue through TED-like experiences at the local level. TEDx events are fully planned and coordinated independently, on a community-by-community basis. As of 2012, more than 3,200 TEDx events have taken place in 800 cities and 126 countries around the world.

TEDWomen

Popular topics for TEDWomen include gender issues and reproductive health.^[35]

TED Conversations

In 2011, TED released a new platform for sharing ideas. You can start conversations with the TED Community in one of the following 3 categories: Ideas, Questions, Debates. Conversations expire at a specific time.^[36]

Ads Worth Spreading

In 2011, TED released Ads Worth Spreading as a way to raise standards in the advertising industry.^[37]

TED Books

In 2011, TED released TEDBooks, books that are shorter than traditional ones with fewer than 20,000 words each, that aim to be long enough to explain a powerful idea, but short enough to read in a single sitting.^[38]

TED Open Translation Project

Started in May 2009, the TED Open Translation Project^[39] makes TED's videos available in many languages, through translated subtitles, using technology partner dotSUB's crowd-based video captioning and subtitling platform.^[40] By the second anniversary of the project in May 2011,^[41] volunteer translators collaborated to complete over 18000 translations in 81 languages. The interactive time-coded transcript available on the TEDtalks pages enables accurate, content-based navigation in the videos, in any language, and make the videos searchable. The translations include the videos' metadata as well, such as the titles, and the descriptions, and the system generates a language-specific URL, that plays the video with the subtitles in that language by default. The project contributed to a significant increase in international visitors to TED's website, with traffic from outside the US growing 350%, 600% percent growth in Asia, and more than 1000% in South America.^[42]

Controversies and criticism[link]

Sarah Silverman

TED drew some controversy in 2010 when comedian Sarah Silverman was invited to speak at the conference, and in response to her speech about adopting a "retarded" child, TED organizer Chris Anderson posted to his Twitter account, "I know I shouldn’t say this about one of my own speakers, but I thought Sarah Silverman was god-awful…"^[43] Anderson later deleted his tweet, but Silverman responded via her Twitter account "Kudos to [Chris Anderson] for making TED an unsafe haven for all! You're a barnacle of mediocrity on Bill Gates' asshole."^[44] Anderson apologized for his tweet on his Posterous account, but also wrote "Call me stuffy, but I still think humor about terminally ill 'retarded' kids is an acquired taste... And not a taste I personally want to acquire."^[45]

Nassim Taleb

Nassim Taleb criticized TED for intellectual dishonesty and lack of substance in the latest edition of The Black Swan (2010). He calls TED a "monstrosity that turns scientists and thinkers into low-level entertainers, like circus performers." Taleb spoke at TED2008. He claimed that the curators did not initially post his talk "warning about the financial crisis" on their website on purely cosmetic grounds.^[46]

Sarah Lacy

Sarah Lacy of BusinessWeek and TechCrunch has criticized TED with claims of elitism. Lacy cites TED's $6,000 ticket price, poor treatment of less important attendees, and such events as a friend being "de-invited to TED after quitting an ostensibly prestigious San Francisco job" as evidence of her claims.^[47] Lacy did credit TED for moving the event to a larger venue in Long Beach and posting videos of its talks online for free.^[47]

Nick Hanauer

TED attracted controversy when it chose not to link the speech of venture capitalist Nick Hanauer's at the TED university on their website. The speech analysed the top rate of tax versus unemployment and economic equality.^[48][49][50] In a private email to Hanauer, Chris Anderson, the curator of TED, commented on his decision, noting: "Even if the talk was rated a home run, we couldn't release it, because it would be unquestionably regarded as out and out political. We're in the middle of an election year in the US. Your argument comes down firmly on the side of one party. And you even reference that at the start of the talk. TED is nonpartisan and is fighting a constant battle with TEDx organizers to respect that principle... Nick, I personally share your disgust at the growth in inequality in the US, and would love to have found a way to give people a clearer mindset on the issue, without stoking a tedious partisan rehash of all the arguments we hear every day in the mainstream media. Alas, my judgement - and it is just a judgement, and that's why my job title is 'curator' - is that publishing your talk would not meet that goal."^[51]

See also[link]

• List of educational video websites

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: TED

• Official website
• Official YouTube channel
• Financial Times. "Conference of cool". July 23 2010. Accessed 2010-07-23
• Guardian. TED – the ultimate forum for blue-sky thinking Sunday 4 July 2010 Accessed 2010-07-12
• Online spreadsheet of TED talks, ranked by PostRank engagement data
• Those Fabulous Confabs Feb 26, 2012

Daniel H. Pink in London

Daniel H. Pink is an American author and journalist. From 1995 to 1997, he worked for Vice President Al Gore in the capacity of chief speechwriter, and before that as an aide to Secretary of Labor Robert Reich.^[1]

Personal history[link]

Pink graduated from Bexley High School in Bexley, OH. He received a Bachelor's degree Phi Beta Kappa from Northwestern University, where he was a Truman Scholar.^[2] He later received a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School, where he was editor-in-chief of The Yale Law & Policy Review. ^[3] He has never practiced law.^[4]

Pink is the author of four books that focus on the changing workplace and that have appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list: A Whole New Mind: Why Right Brainers Will Rule the Future and Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us as well as Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself and The Adventures of Johnny Bunko: The Last Career Guide You'll Ever Need. His articles on business and technology have also appeared in The New York Times, Harvard Business Review, Fast Company and Wired.

In 2011, he was named one of the 50 most influential management thinkers in the world by Thinkers50.^[5]

Published works[link]

Books[link]

• 2009: Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, ISBN 978-1-59448-884-9
• 2008: The Adventures of Johnny Bunko: The Last Career Guide You'll Ever Need, ISBN 978-1-59448-291-5
• 2006: A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future, ISBN 978-1-59448-171-0
• 2001: Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself, ISBN 978-0-446-67879-7

Articles[link]

• Japan, Ink: Inside the Manga-Industrial Complex (Wired, November 2007)
• What Kind of Genius Are You? (Wired, July 2006)
• Pomp and Circumspect (New York Times, June 4, 2005)
• The Book Stops Here (Wired, May 2005)

References[link]

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2011)

External links[link]

• Podcast featuring Daniel Pink, 2010
• Podcast featuring Daniel Pink, 2007
• AOL Coaches interview
• Profile and interview on 33voices (Learn From My Life): Daniel Pink
• Oprah Soul Series interview, 2008
• O, The Oprah Magazine interview, 2008)
• Brian Lehrer Show interview, 2008
• Interview with Cory Doctorow at Book Expo America, 2008
• Johnny Bunko Website
• Public School Insights interview with Daniel Pink, 2008
• TED Global: Dan Pink
• Public School Insights interview with Daniel Pink, 2001
• Daniel Pink IMNO Interview
• Booknotes interview with Pink on Free Agent Nation, November 18, 2001.

Gordon Jay Lish (born February 11, 1934 in Hewlett, New York) is an American writer. As a literary editor, he championed many American authors, particularly Raymond Carver, Barry Hannah, Amy Hempel, and Richard Ford.

Early life and family[link]

Gordon attended Phillips Academy, but left without graduating in 1952. Later, in 1959, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in English with honors from the University of Arizona^{[citation needed]}, where he met his first wife, Loretta Frances Fokes. They married in November 1956 and together had 3 children.

Following Lish's graduation, the family moved to San Francisco; here Lish had a year of graduate study at San Francisco State University in 1960. In Early 1961, Candido Santogrossi and Lish founded a new Pacific Coast avant-garde literary journal, The Chrysalis Review.

He is a father of four (Jennifer, Rebecca, Ethan, and Atticus), and a grandfather of six (Anne, and Carla, children of Jennifer; Pearl and Ezra, children of Rebecca; and Nina and Isaac, children of Ethan).

Editing[link]

As founder and editor of Genesis West[link]

In 1960, the Lish family moved to Burlingame, California, where they founded the avant-garde literary magazine Genesis West, which ran between 1961 and 1965. Genesis West was published in seven volumes by The Chrysalis West Foundation. While working on Genesis West, their house and magazine became a focus point, and celebrated and introduced such authors and poets as Neal Cassady, Ken Kesey, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Gilbert, and Herbert Gold.

The Lish family often hosted the likes of Ken Kesey and Neal Cassady in their Burlingame home. The Merry Pranksters' wildly painted school bus, 'Further,' driven by Neal Cassady, was often parked in front of their home. Neal Cassady makes note of his time spent at the Lish home on page 151 of his only self-authored book, The First Third. Carolyn Cassady makes note of the Lish home on page 387 of Off The Road.

In 1963, Lish became director of linguistic studies at Behavioral Research Laboratories in Menlo Park, California. There, in 1964, he produced English Grammar, a text for educators; Why Work, a book of interviews; New Sounds in American Fiction, a set of recorded dramatic readings of short stories; and A Man's Work, an information motivation sound system in vocational guidance. It consisted of over 50 translucent albums.

While in Menlo Park, one of Lish's friends was Raymond Carver, who was editing educational materials in an office across the street from Lish's office. Lish edited a number of stories which wound up as Carver's first national magazine publications.

[edit] Editor at Esquire magazine

Lish and his second wife moved to New York City, where Lish served as the fiction editor at Esquire from 1969 to 1976; here he became known as "Captain Fiction" for the number of authors whose careers he assisted.^{[citation needed]} Lish published Bart Midwood and Raymond Carver stories in Esquire, and championed the work of Richard Ford; he also promoted the work of such writers as Cynthia Ozick, Don DeLillo, Reynolds Price, T. Coraghessan Boyle, Raymond Kennedy and Barry Hannah.

It was at Esquire that Lish's aggressive editing of a story by Raymond Carver -- "Neighbors'" -- created the minimalist effect for which Carver was later known, as Carol Polsgrove pointed out in her 1995 book, It Wasn't Pretty, Folks, But Didn't We Have Fun? Esquire in the Sixties. Polsgrove wrote, "On several pages of the twelve-page manuscript, fewer than half of Carver’s words were left standing. Close to half were cut on several other pages." While Carver accepted Lish's editorial changes, other writers resisted. Wrote Paul Bowles, "I fail completely to understand the meaning of the suggestions, or of the story as it incorporates them."^[1]

While at Esquire, Lish edited the collections The Secret Life of Our Times and All Our Secrets Are the Same, which contained pieces by a number of prominent authors, from Vladimir Nabokov to Milan Kundera.

In February 1977, Esquire published "For Rupert - with no promises" as an unsigned work of fiction: this was the first time it had published a work without identifying the author. Readers speculated that it was the work of J. D. Salinger, but it was in fact a clever parody by Lish, who is quoted as saying, "I tried to borrow Salinger's voice and the psychological circumstances of his life, as I imagine them to be now. And I tried to use those things to elaborate on certain circumstances and events in his fiction to deepen them and add complexity." The Wall Street Journal February 25, 1977

Editor at Alfred A. Knopf[link]

Lish left Esquire in 1977 to become a senior editor with the publishing firm of Alfred A. Knopf; he remained here until 1995 and continued to champion new fiction, publishing works by Cynthia Ozick, David Leavitt, Amy Hempel, Noy Holland, Lynne Tillman, William Ferguson, Barry Hannah, Harold Brodkey, Raymond Carver and Joy Williams. After Lish retired from both teaching and publishing, some of his students continued to make noted contributions to American letters, the National Book Award was won in 2004 by Lily Tuck for her novel The News From Paraguay. In the same year Christine Schutt's Florida was a finalist, and Dana Spiotta was a finalist for the award in 2006 for Eat The Document. Other former students whose writing has met with praise include Diane Williams, Dawn Raffel, William Tester, Victoria Redel, Gary Lutz, Ben Marcus, Sam Lipsyte, Will Eno, and Bahamian writer Garth Buckner, whose The Origins of Solitude met with some critical acclaim.

Lish also continued teaching creative writing, inspiring writers including Amy Hempel (who dedicated her collection Reasons to Live to him).

During his time at Knopf, Lish published several volumes of his own fiction:

• Dear Mr. Capote, his first novel.
• What I Know so far, a collection of short stories, was published in 1984 and included "For Rupert—with no Promises.", and the O. Henry Award-winning "For Jeromé—with Love and Kisses," a parody of J. D. Salinger's story, "For Esmé—with Love and Squalor."
• Peru, was published in 1986.

In 1987, Lish founded and edited the avant garde literary magazine, The Quarterly, which showcases the works of contemporary authors. Six volumes were published by the summer of 1988. The Quarterly introduced such authors as J. E. Pitts, Jason Schwartz, Jane Smiley, Mark Richard, Bruce Holland Rogers, and Jennifer Allen. By the time the Quarterly ended in 1995, it had published 31 volumes.

Lish continued to write fiction, including Mourner at the door in 1988, Extravaganza in 1989, My Romance in 1991, and Zimzum in 1993. For the June 1991 issue of Vanity Fair, James Wolcott wrote a profile on Gordon Lish and Don DeLillo called "The Sunshine Boys."

He was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1984; that same year, his wife Barbara died.

Since 1998[link]

On August 9, 1998, three years after Carol Polsgrove described Lish's heavy editing of Carver's "Neighbors" and a facisimile page showing the editing,^[2]The New York Times Magazine published an article by D.T. Max about the extent of Lish's editing of the late Raymond Carver's short stories—visible in manuscripts at the Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Carver wrote Lish: “If I have any standing or reputation or credibility in the world, I owe it to you.”^[3] In December 2007 The New Yorker magazine published an earlier and much longer draft of Carver's story "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love" under Carver's title, "Beginners." The magazine published Lish's extensive edits of the story on its web site for comparison. In May 2010 Giles Harvey wrote an article in the New York Review of Books reviewing Carver's work, and made the observation "The publication of 'Beginners' has not done Carver any favors. Rather, it has inadvertently pointed up the editorial genius of Gordon Lish."^[3] Conversely, in the New York Times Stephen King described Lish's influence as 'baleful' and heartless, singling out the story 'The Bath' as 'a total re-write' and 'a cheat'.^[4]

Lish has placed all his papers and manuscripts at the Lilly Library of Indiana University. He was named one of the 200 major writers of our time by the French periodical Le Nouvel Observateur.

His most recent book is a collection of his stories from past books, most of which he has apparently revised: Collected Fictions (2010, OR Books).

Teaching and Influence[link]

For three years in the early 1960s, Lish taught as an English teacher at Mills High School, Millbrae, California. His high school teaching career ended when school administrators declined to give him tenure. Donovan Bess, writing in The Nation Magazine, wrote that "essentially, Lish is accused: of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag too speedily (time: 8.7 seconds); of “teaching on Cloud Seven” (two clouds too high); of flouting the system by, for example; making the kids give the answers’ of being “a screwball”; of wearing a hat indoors; of founding a “beatnik” literary magazine, called Genesis West; of using the word “shit” in a short story; of being unpredictable and moody-looking; of sponsoring avant-garde student poetry (at Mills, poetry that does not rhyme is avant-garde)”. Several students and adults testified on his behalf at the hearing. The full story is detailed in “The Man Who Taught Too Well" By Donovan Bess, The Nation Magazine, June 15, 1963, pages 507-516.

In addition to his career in literary publishing, Lish has conducted writing seminars in New York City and served as a lecturer at Yale University, New York University and Columbia University.

Don DeLillo acknowledged Lish's influence as a teacher and friend in dedicating his book Mao II to Lish. Lish dedicated his books My Romance, Mourner at the Door and Epigraph to Don DeLillo. Lish also wrote an afterword to the publication of Don DeLillo's first play, The Engineer of Moonlight, in which he attacks those who would call DeLillo's vision bleak. "Where we are and where we are going is where DeLillo is. He is our least nostalgic writer of large importance."

He is an honorary doctor of letters from State University of New York awarded in 1994. He retired from teaching fiction writing in 1997 but came out of retirement to teach during the summers of 2009 and 2010 at the Center for Fiction in Manhattan.^[5]

David Leavitt's novel Martin Bauman; or, A Sure Thing documents the narrator's experiences under the tutelage of Gordon Lish. In the novel, Lish is the basis for the character of Stanley Flint, an enigmatic writing teacher. T. Gertler's novel, Elbowing the Seducer, has a character who is a book editor and womanizer who is apparently based on Lish. In Barry Hannah's short novel, Ray, there is a character called Captain Gordon who is based on Lish, and Lish appears as himself in Hannah's Boomerang.

Select English bibliography[link]

• A Man's Work, New York : McGraw-Hill, (1967), OCLC 5855822
• All Our Secrets are The Same, New York : Norton, (1976), ISBN 0-393-08748-4 LCCN 76040486 OCLC 2425115
• Arcade, or, How to write a novel, New York : Four Walls Eight Windows, (1998), ISBN 1-56858-115-7 LCCN 98026693
• Collected Fictions, New York : OR Books, (2010), ISBN 978-0-9842950-5-0
• Dear Mr. Capote, New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston, (1983), ISBN 0-03-061477-5 LCCN 85026276
• English Grammar, Palo Alto, Ca.: Behavioral Research Laboratories, (1964) OCLC 11328343
• Epigraph, New York : Four Walls Eight Windows, (1996), ISBN 1-56858-076-2 LCCN 96019753
• Extravaganza, New York : Putnam, (1989), ISBN 0-399-13417-4 LCCN 88028146 OCLC 18463582
• Krupp’s Lulu, New York : Four Walls Eight Windows, (2000), ISBN 1-56858-154-8 LCCN 99086329 OCLC 43324258
• Mourner at the door, New York : Penguin Books, (1988), ISBN 0-14-010680-4 LCCN 88031663
• My Romance, New York : Norton, (1991), ISBN 0-393-03001-6 LCCN 90024142 OCLC 22766592
• New Sounds in American Fiction, Menlo Park : Cummings Pub. Co. (1969), LCCN 68058434 OCLC 4102981
• Peru, New York : E.P. Dutton, (1986), ISBN 0-525-24375-5 LCCN 85013015 OCLC 12216053
• Self-imitation of Myself, New York : Four Walls Eight Windows, (1997), ISBN 1-56858-098-3 LCCN 97013200 OCLC 36713172
• The Secret Life of Our Times, Garden City : Doubleday, (1973), ISBN 0-385-06215-X LCCN 73080734 OCLC 754648
• The Selected Stories of Gordon Lish, Toronto : Somerville House Pub., (1996), ISBN 1-895897-74-2 OCLC 35927592
• What I know so far, New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, (1984), ISBN 0-03-070609-2 LCCN 83012980 OCLC 9830715
• Why Work, Palo Alto, Ca.: Behavioral Research Laboratories, (1966), OCLC 62726395
• Zimzum, New York : Pantheon, (1993), ISBN 0-679-42685-X LCCN 93003360 OCLC 27769736

Quotes[link]

• "The secret of good writing is telling the truth." -- Dick Cavett television interview, Aug. 25, 1991
• "It’s not what happens to people on the page; it’s about what happens to a reader in his heart and mind."
• "I see the notion of talent as quite irrelevant. I see instead perseverance, application, industry, assiduity, will, will, will, desire, desire, desire."
• "Never be sincere — sincerity is the death of writing" ^[6]

Awards[link]

• A Guggenheim Fellowship
• The O. Henry Prize
• The Antioch Review 2005 Awards for Distinguished Prose

References[link]

External links[link]

• [1] Collected Fictions, OR Books, 2010
• The Man Who Taught Too Well, Nation Magazine Bess, Donovan, June 15, 1963 issue [2]
• Raymond Carver's story "Beginners " and Gordon Lish's edits of the story to create its published version, entitled "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love."
• [3] Carol Berg, Papers
• [4] Lashed by Lish, 1998
• [5] Author, Author: One the Threshold, 2001
• [6] The Carver Chronicles
• [7] Lust for Lish, 1994
• [8] Gordon Lish in Phillips Academy alumni letter
• [9] Gordon Lish at Ploughshares
• Radio interview with Michael Silverblatt and Gordon Lish in Bookworm on December 12, 1993
• [10] Rights Battle Brews over Un-Edited Carver Stories, All Things Considered, January 7, 2008
• [11] "The Bullfighter"-- a five-minute video featuring Lish discussing his new book Collected Fictions
• [12] Stephen King's review of Carver's biography and story collection Beginners.

This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page. (June 2011)

Jane McGonigal
Jane McGonigal
Born	(1977-10-21) October 21, 1977 (age 34) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Occupation	Game designer, game researcher
Alma mater	University of California, Berkeley
www.janemcgonigal.com

Jane McGonigal (born 1977) is a game designer, game researcher, and author, specializing in pervasive gaming and alternate reality games (ARGs).

McGonigal writes and speaks about alternate reality games and massively multiplayer online gaming, especially about the way that collective intelligence can be generated and utilized as a means for improving the quality of human life or working towards the solution of social ills. She has stated that gaming should be moving "towards Nobel Prizes."^[1] McGonigal has been called "the current public face of gamification".^[2]

She has taught game design and game theory at the San Francisco Art Institute and the University of California, Berkeley and she currently serves as the Director of Game Research & Development at Institute for the Future.^[3] In 2006, she was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[4]

Games[link]

Additionally, she has collaborated on commissioned games for the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.^{[citation needed]}

Writings[link]

On January 20, 2011, McGonigal's first book, Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make us Better and How they Can Change the World, was published. In this book, McGonigal looks not only at massively multiplayer online gaming and alternate reality games but also at games more widely. Using current research from the positive psychology movement, McGonigal argues that games contribute powerfully to human happiness and motivation, a sense of meaning, and the development of community.

The book was met with a favorable reception from The Los Angeles Times,^[9] and Wired,^[10] and mixed reviews from the New York Times Book Review^[11] and The Independent.^[12] The book received criticism from some quarters, notably the Wall Street Journal.^[13]

Recognition[link]

Education[link]

She received her BA in English from Fordham University, and her PhD in Performance Studies from the University of California, Berkeley, in August 2006.

External links[link]

• Jane McGonigal - you found me. Jane McGonigal's Official site.
• TED Talk: Gaming can make a better world (2010)
• IT Conversations: Interview on Alternate Reality Gaming (2007)
• Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World, ISBN 1-59420-285-0, 2011.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jane McGonigal

References[link]

The Justice Lords are fictional heroes-turned-villains who first appeared in the two-part Justice League episode "A Better World" (airdate November 1, 2003).

Biography[link]

The Justice Lords are an alternate version of the Justice League from a parallel Earth. The roster of the Justice Lords was the same as the original DCAU Justice League — an alternate Batman, Green Lantern, Hawkgirl, Martian Manhunter, Superman, and Wonder Woman — with the exception of The Flash, because the Flash from their universe had been killed.^[1]

The Justice Lords' world diverged from that of the Justice League when their Lex Luthor was elected President of the United States. The Flash was executed personally by Luthor for unknown reasons, and Luthor's policies eventually resulted in the country "being on the brink of a war that could destroy the whole planet" according to Superman. The alternate Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman decided to try to stop the impending war, storming the White House and confronting President Luthor. After Luthor goaded the alternate Superman, that no matter how many times Superman sent him to prison Luthor would find a way back into power all over again in an unending cycle, the enraged Kryptonian targeted Luthor with heat vision and killed him. This decision led to far-reaching consequences, as Superman decided he liked this new brand of "justice". Soon, the other Lords lost faith in humanity's ability to do what was right, as well as their own moral compasses.