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Tourism Technology is a term coined by the Korea Tourism Organization, which refers to the recent trend of incorporating technology within the tourism industry.

External links[link]

• KTO's Tourism Technology Strategy
• Software that permits tourists to customize their visits according to their preferences
• A Booking Engine software with Channel Manager technology for the reservation management activity
• Booking Engine software for travel agencies and hoteliers

Charles Simonyi
Born	(1948-09-10) September 10, 1948 (age 63) Budapest, Hungary
Nationality	Hungarian
Occupation	Software architect
Known for	Hungarian notation, space tourism, Style sheet (desktop publishing)
Notable work(s)	Microsoft Office

Charles Simonyi (Hungarian: Simonyi Károly; born September 10, 1948, son of Karoly Simonyi) is a Hungarian-American computer software executive who, as head of Microsoft's application software group, oversaw the creation of Microsoft's flagship Office suite of applications.^[1][2] He now heads his own company, Intentional Software,^[1] with the aim of developing and marketing his concept of intentional programming.^[3][4][5] In April 2007, aboard Soyuz TMA-10, he became the fifth space tourist and the second Hungarian in space. In March 2009, aboard Soyuz TMA-14, he made a second trip to the International Space Station. His estimated net worth is US$1 billion.^[6]

Biography[link]

Early life in Hungary[link]

Simonyi was born in Budapest, Hungary, the son of Simonyi Károly (the elder), a professor of electrical engineering^[7] at Technical University of Budapest. While in high school he worked part-time as a night watchman at a computer laboratory, overseeing a large Soviet Ural II^[8] mainframe. He took an interest in computing^[9] and learned to program from one of the laboratory's engineers. By the time he left school, he had learned to develop compilers and sold one of these to a government department. He presented a demonstration of his compiler to the members of a Danish computer trade delegation.^[9]

Denmark and USA[link]

He was hired by Denmark's A/S Regnecentralen in 1966 and moved to the United States in 1968 to attend the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his B.S. in Engineering Mathematics & Statistics in 1972.

Simonyi then went to Stanford University^[1] for graduate studies and was hired by Xerox PARC^[1] during its most productive period, working alongside luminaries such as Alan Kay, Butler Lampson, and Robert Metcalfe on the development of the Xerox Alto, one of the first personal computers. He and Lampson developed Bravo, the first WYSIWYG document preparation program, which became operational in 1974. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford in 1977 with a dissertation on a software project management technique called "metaprogramming". This approach sought to defeat Brooks' law by requiring all programmers to communicate through the manager rather than directly. Simonyi remained at PARC until 1981.

Microsoft[link]

In 1981, at Metcalfe's suggestion, he applied directly to Bill Gates for a job at Microsoft.^[9] At the firm, Simonyi oversaw the development of what became its most profitable products, Word and Excel, as well as Excel's predecessor Multiplan. With Multiplan, Simonyi pursued a strategy called the "revenue bomb", whereby the product ran on a virtual machine that was ported to each platform. The resulting application was highly portable, although Simonyi did not foresee the rapid adoption of MS-DOS that made such efforts less important.^[10] Simonyi introduced to Microsoft the techniques of object-oriented programming that he had learned at Xerox. He developed the Hungarian notation convention^[11] for naming variables. These standards were originally part of his doctoral thesis.^[11] The Hungarian notation has been widely used inside Microsoft.^[12]

Intentional Software[link]

Simonyi remained at Microsoft during its rapid rise in the software industry, becoming one of its highest-ranking developers. He left abruptly in 2002 to co-found, with business partner Gregor Kiczales, a company called Intentional Software.^[13] This company markets the intentional programming concepts Simonyi developed at Microsoft Research.^[14] In this approach to software, a programmer first builds a toolbox specific to a given problem domain (such as life insurance). Domain experts, aided by the programmer, then describe the program's intended behavior in a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG)-like manner. An automated system uses the program description and the toolbox to generate the final program. Successive changes are only done at the WYSIWYG level.^[15]

In 2004, Simonyi received the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for the industry-wide impact of his innovative work in information technology.

Patents[link]

Simonyi currently holds 11 patents US patent 6070007  US patent 6665866  US patent 2001037496  WO patent 2004102380  WO patent 2007053833  WO patent 2007076269  EP patent 1923782  JP patent 2008140410  US patent 2010146377  JP patent 2010146583  US patent 2010229092 

Philanthropy[link]

Simonyi has been an active philanthropist.

He has funded the establishment of three professorships:

• In 1995, the Simonyi Professorship of the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University, first held by Richard Dawkins 1995-2008, 2008–present Marcus du Sautoy
• A Simonyi Professorship for Innovation in Teaching endowed chair at Stanford University, held by Eric S. Roberts 1997-2002
• In 2005, as part of $25 million donation, a Simonyi Professorship of Mathematical Physics at the Institute for Advanced Study, held by Edward Witten 2005–present

In January 2004, Simonyi created the Charles Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, through which Simonyi supports Seattle-area arts, science, and educational programs. As of May 2012, the Fund size was $75 million. Grant recipients have included the Seattle Symphony ($10 million), and the Seattle Public Library ($3 million), the Metropolitan Opera and the Julliard School. In 2005, the Fund donated $25 million to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. In January, 2008 the Simonyi Fund and Bill Gates pledged $20 million and $10 million respectively to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.^[16]

Personal life[link]

Simonyi is married to Lisa Persdotter, the daughter of a Swedish millionaire. She is 32 years his junior. They were engaged on 8 August 2008 and were married on 22 November 2008 in a private ceremony in Gothenburg, Sweden, attended by their closest friends, among them Bill Gates.^[17][18] Their first child, a daughter named Lilian Simonyi, was born in February 2011. ^[19]

Simonyi dating Martha Stewart for 15 years until 2008.^[20]

Simonyi spends six months per year^[21] on his custom-built 233-foot (71 m) long super yacht named Skat.^[21]

Simonyi's residence in Medina, Washington, "Villa Simonyi", is a modern house designed by architect Wendell Lovett, where Simonyi displays his collection of paintings by Roy Lichtenstein and Victor Vasarely.^[22][23][24]

Spaceflights[link]

Charles Simonyi
Space Adventures Tourist
Nationality	Hungarian
Born	(1948-09-10) September 10, 1948 (age 63) Budapest, Hungary
Other occupation	Software architect
Time in space	26d 14h 27m
Missions	Soyuz TMA-10 / TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-14 / TMA-13
Mission insignia

In early 2006, Simonyi expressed interest in becoming a space tourist and signed agreements with the space tourism company, Space Adventures, Ltd., for a ten-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS).

In August 2006, he passed a pre-qualification medical exam by the Russian Federal Space Agency, called the State Medical Commission (GMK). He started training at Star City in September 2006.^[2]

He launched on April 7, 2007 (GMT),^[25] on board Soyuz TMA-10. He shared a ride with two Russian cosmonauts to the International Space Station,^[8] and returned aboard Soyuz TMA-9, scheduled to depart from the ISS on April 20, 2007.

Upon arrival to the ISS on April 9, 2007 Simonyi said, "It is amazing how it appears from the blackness of the sky. It was very, very dramatic. It was like a big stage set, a fantastic production of some incredible opera or modern play. That's what I was referring to when I said I was blown away."^[26]

Simonyi's expected return on April 20, 2007 was delayed by one day due to 'boggy ground'. He returned to Earth on April 21, 2007 along with an American astronaut and a Russian cosmonaut.^[27]

In October 2008, he booked for a second trip to the ISS through Space Adventures on board Soyuz TMA-14.^[28] On March 26, 2009 he returned to space aboard Soyuz TMA-14.^[29] He returned to Earth on board Soyuz TMA-13. Along with Soyuz Commander Yuri Lonchakov and Michael Fincke, Simonyi landed in Kazakhstan on April 8, 2009.^[30]

Radio communication while aboard ISS[link]

Charles Simonyi is a licensed amateur radio operator with the call sign KE7KDP, and planned to contact a number of schools while on his flight on the International Space Station using amateur radio for the communication with those schools. On April 11, 2007 the American Radio Relay League reported that Simonyi was already making ham radio contacts from space.^[31]

One of the schools Simonyi contacted was Cedar Point Elementary in Bristow, Virginia. A telebridge conversation was held on Tuesday, April 17, 2007. Onboard with him were Oleg Kotov and Fyodor Yurchikhin.^{[32][citation needed]} On March 30, 2009 he held a phone conversation with students at the Girls' Middle School in Mountain View, CA, USA in which he said that one of the most surprising things about traveling to space was that upon returning to earth the air feels very thick, very heavy, like "breathing Pepto-Bismol." He also stated that talking with the students from the school "made his day."

Simonyi used his Hungarian call sign HA5SIK^[33] when he contacted 25 radio amateurs from Hungary in a record attempt on April 12. He contacted former and current students of Tivadar Puskás Polytechnic, Budapest on April 13.^[33]

See also[link]

• Hungarian notation

References[link]

External links[link]

• NASA biography of Charles SimonyiPDF (20.4 KiB)
• Charles in Space
• Charles Simonyi, the benefactor of the Simonyi Professorship at the University of Oxford
• Charles Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences
• The Rosetta code: archaeology of the Gier-Algol compiler program (an Intentional Software presentation by Simonyi)
• Forbes interview, 23 December 2002

William Brian Binnie
Commercial astronaut
Nationality	American
Born	1953 West Lafayette, Indiana
Other occupation	Test pilot
Rank	Commander, United States Navy
Time in space	~5 minutes
Selection	SpaceShipOne 2003
Missions	SpaceShipOne flight 17P

William Brian Binnie (born 1953) is a former United States Navy officer and is one of the test pilots for SpaceShipOne, the experimental spaceplane developed by Scaled Composites.

History[link]

Binnie was born in West Lafayette, Indiana, where his Scottish father was a professor of physics at Purdue University. The family returned to Scotland when Binnie was five, and lived in Aberdeen (his father taught at Aberdeen University) and later in Stirling.^[1] When Binnie was a teenager the family moved to Boston.^[2] Binnie, an alumnus of Brown and Princeton Universities, served for 21 years in the United States Navy as a naval aviator flying the A-7 Corsair II, A-6 Intruder, F/A-18 Hornet, and AV-8B Harrier II. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1988. Binnie also copiloted the Atmospheric Test Vehicle of the Rotary Rocket. In 2006, he received an Honorary degree from University of Aberdeen.^[3]

On December 17, 2003, the 100th anniversary of the Wright brothers' first powered flight, Binnie piloted the first powered test flight of SpaceShipOne, flight 11P, which reached a top speed of Mach 1.2 and a height of 20.7 kilometers. On October 4, 2004, he piloted SpaceShipOne's second Ansari X Prize flight, flight 17P, winning the X Prize and becoming the 435th person, and the first citizen of Scotland, to go into space. His flight, which peaked at 367,442 feet (69.6 mi; 112.0 km), set a winged aircraft altitude record, breaking the old record set by the North American X-15 in 1963.^[4] It also earned him the second set of Astronaut Wings to be given by the FAA for a flight aboard a privately-operated commercial spacecraft.^[5]

Quotes[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Brian Binnie

• Biography at Scaled Composites website
• Biography at SpaceFacts.de

v t e The Spaceship Company Companies Virgin Galactic (Virgin Group) · Scaled Composites (Northrop Grumman) · Mojave Aerospace Ventures People Richard Branson · Burt Rutan · Paul Allen · Mike Melvill · Brian Binnie Ships SpaceShipOne · White Knight · SpaceShipTwo · (Enterprise · Voyager) · White Knight Two · (Eve) · SpaceShipThree Sequence Tier One · (11P · 13P · 14P · 15P · 16P · 17P) · Tier 1b · Tier Two Places Mojave Spaceport · Spaceport America · Spaceport Sweden See also Ansari X Prize · Kármán line · Space tourism · List of space tourism companies · Sub-orbital spaceflight · Suborbital spaceplane

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