A French family returns to their village, Buron, northwest of Caen, which was completely wrecked during fighting, July 18, 1944

A post-war period or postwar period is the interval immediately following the ending of a war and enduring as long as war does not resume. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (e.g., the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of conflict entirely.

In Western usage, the post-war era or postwar era is the period of time since the end of World War II, even though many nations involved in the Second World War have been involved in multiple wars since.

Year spans of the post-World War II era[link]

Though technically of course, even the present is "post-war" in the sense World War II is over, "post-war" is generally used to specify a shorter period after the war but which has now ceased.

In some British usage, "post-war" refers to the period from the election of Clement Attlee in 1945 to that of Margaret Thatcher in 1979,^{[citation needed]} the period of the postwar political consensus, while it may also refer to an even shorter period; ending in 1960 or shortly after and corresponding to the greater 1950s era.^[1][2]

Considering the post war era equivalent to the Cold War, the post-war era is even sometimes considered to include the 1980s, putting the end at 1990 which was the year the last ice between the West and the Marxist world thawed.^[3][4] However the 1990s are almost never considered part of the postwar era.

See also[link]

• Interbellum (disambiguation)
• Interwar
• Postbellum
• Pre-war
• Reconstruction era of the United States
• Post 9/11 era

References[link]

Look up post-war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

This history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This military-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Dan Mangan
Background information
Birth name	Daniel Mangan
Born	(1983-04-28) April 28, 1983 (age 29) Smithers, British Columbia, Canada
Origin	Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Genres	Indie rock, folk, singer-songwriter[1]
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano
Years active	2003–present
Labels	Arts & Crafts, FUM, ABC/Warner
Website	www.danmanganmusic.com

Daniel Mangan (born April 28, 1983) is a Canadian indie folk-rock singer-songwriter.

Early life[link]

Mangan was born in Smithers, British Columbia. His family moved often, residing in both the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia, but primarily in his current home town of Vancouver. Raised in a household where instruments were always available, music became an obvious pastime for Mangan and his two siblings. He was influenced by his parents' record collection, especially the music of Nick Drake and The Beatles.^[1] At sixteen, Mangan started a band called Basement Suite with some fellow classmates and played gigs at local community centres.

Recording career[link]

Dan Mangan performing at the 2009 Vancouver Folk Festival.

In 2003, at 20 years old, Mangan completed his first set of recordings: an EP of simply recorded acoustic songs called All at Once. Five hundred copies were pressed and sold or given away throughout the Vancouver area while Mangan was attending the University of British Columbia, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta.^[2] With a bank loan and a small community of musicians who would offer cheap or free sessions, Mangan recorded Postcards & Daydreaming in the summer of 2005 with local British ex-pat Daniel Elmes and good friend Simon Kelly. Mangan released the album independently at first, selling the album online and at live shows. In July 2007, Vancouver-based independent record label File Under: Music picked up the LP and re-released the album with new artwork and an extra track, "Ash Babe". The following March, the record was released in Australia by ABC/Warner.

In March 2009, File Under: Music released another short-play recording called Roboteering EP, containing songs from Mangan's forthcoming album Nice, Nice, Very Nice.^[3] The album was recorded in Toronto at Green Door Studios with producer John Critchley, and featured an assortment of other Canadian artists such as Veda Hille, Justin Rutledge, Mark Berube, Hannah Georgas and members of Said The Whale, Major Maker, and Elliott Brood. Five months later, Nice, Nice, Very Nice was released in Canada. After years of steady touring, and with his second full-length release, Mangan was starting to get noticed across his home country. The first two singles from his second full-length, "Robots" and "Road Regrets" earned airplay on local Vancouver radio stations, as well as on satellite radio stations such as The Verge and CBC Radio 3. The album name was inspired by a line from American novelist Kurt Vonnegut's book Cat's Cradle, while musically Nice, Nice, Very Nice has been compared to Chad VanGaalen and Bon Iver.

Mangan performing in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in October 2009.

In September 2009, Mangan was awarded "Artist of the Year" at the Verge Music Awards.^[4] In 2010, Nice, Nice, Very Nice was licensed and released by Toronto based independent record label Arts & Crafts in Europe and the United States, garnering a larger international presence for Mangan's music. In September 2010, the album was shortlisted by a jury of 200 Canadian journalists, music critics and media personnel for the Polaris Music Prize, which seeks to award the "best full-length Canadian album based on artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label". Other shortlisted nominees included Karkwa (winner of the prize), Broken Social Scene, Caribou, Owen Pallett, The Besnard Lakes, Tegan and Sara, Shad, The Sadies and Radio Radio.

Mangan and his band have been recording with Vancouver based producer/engineer Colin Stewart, working toward a third full-length album.^[5] On May 28, 2011, Mangan officially announced the title of the new album as being Oh Fortune to his audience at the Sasquatch! Music Festival. He has been playing several songs from the forthcoming album live, including the title track, "Post-War Blues" and "Rows of Houses", which was inspired by the film Stand By Me.^[6] The album was released on September 27 in North America.

At the 2012 Juno Awards, Mangan was awarded New Artist of the Year and Alternative Album of the Year for Oh Fortune, and was also nominated for Songwriter of the Year for "About as Helpful As You Can Be Without Being Any Help at All", "Post-War Blues" and "Oh Fortune" and Video of the Year for the music video for "Rows of Houses", directed by Jon Busby.^[7]

Touring[link]

After years of touring solo internationally, Mangan now generally tours with a band composed of a collection of musicians from Vancouver and Toronto, including guitarist Gord Grdina (Gord Grdina Trio), drummer Kenton Loewen (The Crackling), bassists John Walsh (Brasstronaut) and Colin Cowan (Analog Bell Service), and brass players Shaun Brodie (The Hidden Cameras), Bryden Baird (Feist), and JP Carter (Fond of Tigers). Mangan has also toured with Australian musicians Cameron Potts and Lee Carey, playing lead guitar and drums respectively, both from the Sydney band Dead Letter Chorus. Aidan Knight also has appeared as Mangan's guitarist in the past.

The band often plays in Canada, USA, Europe and Australia, and has shared stages with a wide array of artists such as The Walkmen, Japandroids, Broken Social Scene, Holy Fuck, Julian Casablancas, Timber Timbre, Sarah Harmer, The Broken Family Band, Elliott Brood, The Acorn, Patrick Watson, Jenn Grant, Brett Dennen, Mother Mother, Geoff Berner, Great Lake Swimmers, Basia Bulat, Veda Hille, Hannah Georgas, Charlie Parr and Hey Rosetta!.^[8]

Mangan has been invited to perform at many international music festivals including:

• UK: Glastonbury (2010 "John Peel Stage", 2011 "Other Stage"), End of the Road Festival (2011)
• Australia: Woodford Folk Festival (2010), East Coast Blues and Roots (2008), and Peats Ridge (2009, 2010)
• Canada: Halifax Pop Explosion (2009), Vancouver Folk Music Festival (2009), Dawson City Music Festival (2010), Calgary Folk Festival (2010), Mariposa Folk Festival (2010), Winnipeg Folk Festival (2011), Regina Folk Festival (2011), Home County Folk Festival (2011), Hillside Festival (2011), Halifax Pop Explosion (2011)
• USA: Sasquatch! Festival (2011), Rocky Mt. Folks Festival (2011)
• Germany: Reeperbahnfestival (2010), Orange Blossom Special (2011), Haldern Pop (2011)

Discography[link]

EPs[link]

LPs[link]

See also[link]

• Music of Canada
• Canadian rock
• List of Canadian musicians

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dan Mangan

• Official website
• Dan Mangan on Myspace

Vernon Bogdanor speaking on his book The New British Constitution in Blackwell’s bookshop, Oxford.

Vernon Bogdanor, CBE, FBA /ˈbɒɡdənɔr/ (born 1943) is Research Professor at the Institute for Contemporary History at King's College London, and a Fellow of Brasenose College, University of Oxford. He is one of Britain's foremost constitutional experts and has written extensively on political and constitutional issues. He is an advocate of constitutional reform including proportional representation, but supports the retention of the British Monarchy.

Career[link]

Educated at Bishopshalt School, Vernon Bogdanor gained his Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (with congratulatory First Class honours) from The Queen's College, Oxford. He has been Fellow and Tutor in Politics at Brasenose College, Oxford, since 1966, where he has been Senior Tutor (1979–85 and 1996–97), Vice-Principal, and (in 2002-03) Acting Principal. He is a Fellow of the British Academy, and an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. In 1998 he was awarded the CBE for contributions to constitutional history, and in 2009 he was appointed Chevalier in the Légion d'honneur.^[1]

He has been a Member of Council of The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government, Specialist Adviser to the House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities, Member of the Court of Essex University, Adviser (as a member of the Council of Europe and American Bar Association delegations) to the governments of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel and Slovakia on constitutional and electoral reform, Member of the Academic Panel of Local Authority Associations, Member of The Hansard Society Commission on the Legislative Process, Member of the UK Government delegation on Democratic Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe and Conference on the Protection of Minorities, Consultant to Independent Television News (ITN) on the General Election, Member of the Economic and Social Research Council’s committee administering the 'Whitehall' programme, Special Adviser to the House of Commons Select Committee on the Public Services, Member of the Swedish Constitutional Reform Project, Member of the Advisory Group to the High Commissioner on National Minorities, Adviser to the President of Trinidad on the Constitution of Trinidad, and Member of the ESRC's committee administering the Devolution programme.

Professor Bogdanor is a frequent contributor to TV, radio and newspapers. Between 2004 and 2008 he gave public lectures as Professor of Law at Gresham College, London. He continues to give public lectures at the College, now as Visiting Professor of Political History. He has published numerous books and articles. Recently, he edited The British Constitution in the 20th Century (published by Oxford University Press to mark the centenary of the British Academy) and authored The New British Constitution (2009) which analyses constitutional changes under the Labour government since 1997.

Professor Bogdanor is not a member of any political party. He is a member of the Henry Jackson Society, a think tank based in Cambridge, which seeks to spread ideas about democratic government.

Professor Bogdanor appeared on the BBC's coverage of the 2010 election night offering thoughts and insight onto the result, and their implications, as they came in. He made a further appearance in the BBC's election night programme for the Council elections and AV referendum in May 2011.

Bogdanor recently said that the democratic deficit in England "was a price worth paying', in order to secure the continuance of the United Kingdom. ^[2]

Comments[link]

David Cameron[link]

Professor Bogdanor's most famous former student is the current Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader David Cameron whom he has described as "one of the ablest" students he has taught, whose political views were "moderate and sensible Conservative".^[3] Professor Bogdanor has, however, expressed reservations about certain policies of Cameron's, notably his proposal for a British "Bill of Rights", about which Bogdanor said, "I believe it's ill thought-out and confused.... He [Cameron] may have forgotten some of the things I've taught him. I'd be happy to give him a few more tutorials on civil liberties."^[4]

Damian Green[link]

He referred to the arrest and questioning of the Conservative MP Damian Green, by police from Special Branch as "a storm in a teacup" – "The important principle is that MPs – apart from when they're speaking in the chamber and dealing with constituents' correspondence – are as subject to the same laws as the rest of us."^[5]

Books[link]

Among books written or edited by Vernon Bogdanor are:

• The Coalition and the Constitution
• Constitutions in Democratic Politics
• Devolution in the United Kingdom
• Joined-Up Government
• Multi-Party Politics and the Constitution
• The Monarchy and the Constitution
• What is Proportional Representation?
• Power and the People: Guide to Constitutional Reform
• The New British Constitution
• The Age of Affluence, 1951-1964
• The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions

Noteable Former Students[link]

Bogdanor's most notable former student is David Cameron. Others include: Kate Allen, Camilla Cavendish, Peter Conradi, Diane Coyle, Guy Spier and Toby Young

See also[link]

• List of Gresham Professors of Law

References[link]

1. ^ "Cameron tutor gains French honour". 2009-10-29. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5ivhrl4rM-5zA2UNJw751UFffH6OA. Retrieved 2009-10-30. 
2. ^ BBC Radio 4, 20th December 2011
3. ^ "The David Cameron story". BBC News. 2005-12-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4502656.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-27. 
4. ^ Woodward, Will (2006-06-27). "Cameron's call to repeal legislation would not end deportation battles, say ministers". The Guardian (London). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/conservatives/story/0,,1806784,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-27. 
5. ^ "Row over Green 'grooming' claims", BBC News, 1 December 2008

External links[link]

• Power and the people, Article by Vernon Bogdanor, Ethos 2012
• Brasenose College - Professor Vernon Bogdanor
• Guardian op-ed by Bogdanor in defence of the monarchy