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- Abraham
- Abram
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- Achaemenid dynasty
- Adad-Nirari I
- Adana Province
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Achaemenid dynasty
http://wn.com/Achaemenid_dynasty -
Adana Province
http://wn.com/Adana_Province -
Aegospotami
http://wn.com/Aegospotami -
Aksaray Province
http://wn.com/Aksaray_Province -
Akçakale
http://wn.com/Akçakale -
Alabanda
http://wn.com/Alabanda -
Alaca Höyük
http://wn.com/Alaca_Höyük -
Alanya
Alanya (pronounced ), formerly Alaiye, is a seaside resort city and a component district of Antalya Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, from the city of Antalya. On the southern coast of Turkey, the district (which includes the city and its built-up area) has an area of 1,598.51 sq km and (2000 Census) 257,671 inhabitants. The population is almost entirely of Turkish origin, but is home to around 10,000 European residents.
http://wn.com/Alanya -
Alexandria Troas
http://wn.com/Alexandria_Troas -
Alişar Hüyük
http://wn.com/Alişar_Hüyük -
Altıntepe
http://wn.com/Altıntepe -
Amasya Province
http://wn.com/Amasya_Province -
Amorium
http://wn.com/Amorium -
Amyzon
: Amyzon is also a genus of Catostomid fishes.
http://wn.com/Amyzon -
Anazarbus
http://wn.com/Anazarbus -
Ani
http://wn.com/Ani -
Ankara Province
Ankara Province () in central Turkey is the location of the country's capital, the city of Ankara.
http://wn.com/Ankara_Province -
Antalya Province
Antalya Province is located on the Mediterranean coast of south-west Turkey, between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean sea.
http://wn.com/Antalya_Province -
Antioch
http://wn.com/Antioch -
Antioch, Pisidia
http://wn.com/Antioch_Pisidia -
Apamea (Phrygia)
http://wn.com/Apamea_(Phrygia) -
Ar Raqqah
http://wn.com/Ar_Raqqah -
Ar-Raqqah
http://wn.com/Ar-Raqqah -
Ardahan Province
Ardahan Province is a province in the far north-east of Turkey, at the very end of the country, where Turkey borders with Georgia . The provincial capital is the city of Ardahan.
http://wn.com/Ardahan_Province -
Ariassos
Ariassos (or Ariasos) was a Pisidian city built at a height of 1050 meters in the Taurus Mountains (modern day Antalya province, Turkey).
http://wn.com/Ariassos -
Artvin Province
Artvin (for other names see below) is a province in Turkey, on the Black Sea coast in the north-eastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia.
http://wn.com/Artvin_Province -
Arycanda
http://wn.com/Arycanda -
Asia Minor
http://wn.com/Asia_Minor -
Assos
http://wn.com/Assos -
Assyrian Empire
http://wn.com/Assyrian_Empire -
Aydın Province
http://wn.com/Aydın_Province -
Ağrı Province
http://wn.com/Ağrı_Province -
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
http://wn.com/Baghdad -
Balıkesir Province
http://wn.com/Balıkesir_Province -
Batman Province
Batman (, short for the Bati Raman mountains) is a Turkish province in the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Anatolia. The province's population is just over 500,000.
http://wn.com/Batman_Province -
Battle of Carrhae
The Battle of Carrhae, fought in 53 BC near the town of Carrhae, was a major battle between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic. The Parthian Spahbod Surena decisively defeated a Roman invasion force led by Marcus Licinius Crassus. It was the first of many battles between the Roman and Persian empires, and one of the most crushing defeats in Roman history.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Carrhae -
Bayburt Province
http://wn.com/Bayburt_Province -
Beycesultan
http://wn.com/Beycesultan -
Bilecik Province
http://wn.com/Bilecik_Province -
Bingöl Province
http://wn.com/Bingöl_Province -
Birecik
http://wn.com/Birecik -
Bitlis Province
http://wn.com/Bitlis_Province -
Bozova
http://wn.com/Bozova -
Bursa
Bursa (, Prousa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province. With a population of 1,854,634 (2009), it is Turkey's fourth largest city, as well as one of the most industrialized and culturally charged metropolitan centers in the country.
http://wn.com/Bursa -
Ceylanpınar
http://wn.com/Ceylanpınar -
Chalcedon
http://wn.com/Chalcedon -
Church of St Peter
The Church of Saint Peter (St. Peter's Cave Church, Cave-Church of St. Peter) near Antakya (Antioch), Turkey, is composed of a cave carved into the mountainside on Mount Starius with a depth of 13 m, a width of 9.5 m and a height of 7 m. This cave, which was used by the first Christians in the Antakya region, is one of Christianity's oldest churches.
http://wn.com/Church_of_St_Peter -
Comana (Cappadocia)
http://wn.com/Comana_(Cappadocia) -
Corycus
http://wn.com/Corycus -
Cremna, Pisidia
:"Cremna" redirects here. This was also a genus of metalmark butterflies, now a junior synonym of Napaea (butterfly).
http://wn.com/Cremna_Pisidia -
Cumalikizik
http://wn.com/Cumalikizik -
Damascus
http://wn.com/Damascus -
Dara (Mesopotamia)
http://wn.com/Dara_(Mesopotamia) -
Denizli Province
http://wn.com/Denizli_Province -
Derbe
Derbe is an ancient city in today's Turkey. This city is mentioned in the biblical book of Acts - (), () and was situated near ancient Lystra.
http://wn.com/Derbe -
Didyma
http://wn.com/Didyma -
Diyarbakır Province
http://wn.com/Diyarbakır_Province -
Docimium
Docimium, Docimia or Docimeium (Greek: and ) was an ancient city of Phrygia, Asia Minor where there were famous marble quarries. It remains a Roman Catholic titular see.
http://wn.com/Docimium -
Dorylaeum
http://wn.com/Dorylaeum -
Edirne Province
Edirne (Greek: Adrianoupolis) is the westernmost province of Turkey, located in Eastern Thrace along the Greek and Bulgarian border. The city's wealth, population and importance increased after it was declared as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. Edirne still maintains its importance under the Turkish Government.
http://wn.com/Edirne_Province -
Elaiussa Sebaste
Elaiussa Sebaste or Elaeousa Sebaste () was an ancient Roman town located from Mersin in the direction of Silifke in Cilicia on the southern coast of Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey). Elaiussa, meaning olive, was founded in the 2nd century B.C. on a tiny island attached to the mainland by a narrow isthmus in Mediterranean Sea.
http://wn.com/Elaiussa_Sebaste -
Elâzığ Province
http://wn.com/Elâzığ_Province -
Ephesus
http://wn.com/Ephesus -
Erzurum Province
http://wn.com/Erzurum_Province -
Eskişehir Province
http://wn.com/Eskişehir_Province -
Euchaita
http://wn.com/Euchaita -
Faustinopolis
http://wn.com/Faustinopolis -
Giresun Province
http://wn.com/Giresun_Province -
Gümüşhane Province
http://wn.com/Gümüşhane_Province -
Hacilar
Hacilar is an early human settlement in southwestern Turkey, 25 km southwest of present day Burdur. It has been dated back 7040 BC at its earliest stage of development. Archaeological remains indicate that the site was abandoned and reoccupied on more than one occasion in its history.
http://wn.com/Hacilar -
Hakkâri Province
http://wn.com/Hakkâri_Province -
Halfeti
http://wn.com/Halfeti -
Halicarnassus
http://wn.com/Halicarnassus -
Harran
http://wn.com/Harran -
Hatay Province
http://wn.com/Hatay_Province -
Hierapolis
Hierapolis (Greek: 'holy city') was the ancient Greek city on top of hot springs located in south western Turkey near Denizli.
http://wn.com/Hierapolis -
Hilvan
http://wn.com/Hilvan -
Hüseyindede Tepe
http://wn.com/Hüseyindede_Tepe -
Ishak Pasha Palace
:For the Atakapas Ishak indians, see Atakapa.
http://wn.com/Ishak_Pasha_Palace -
Isparta Province
http://wn.com/Isparta_Province -
Issus (town)
Issus is an ancient settlement on the strategic coastal plain straddling the small Pinarus river (a fast melt-water stream several meters wide) below the navigationally difficult inland mountains towering above to the east in the Turkish Province of Hatay, near the border with Syria. It is most notable for being the place of no less than three decisive ancient or medieval battles each called in their own era the Battle of Issus where:
http://wn.com/Issus_(town) -
Istanbul Province
http://wn.com/Istanbul_Province -
Izmir Province
http://wn.com/Izmir_Province -
Iğdır Province
http://wn.com/Iğdır_Province -
Karabük Province
http://wn.com/Karabük_Province -
Karain Cave
:''Karain redirects here. Karain is also a fictional continent in Austin Tappan Wright's novel ''Islandia.
http://wn.com/Karain_Cave -
Kars Province
Kars is a province of Turkey, located in the northeastern part of the country. It shares part of its border with the Republic of Armenia. From 1878 until 1917 all of the present-day province of Kars was part of the Russian oblast of Kars. From 1918 to 1920 the province was under the administration of the Democratic Republic of Armenia as the Vanand province (with the city of Kars as its capital). Its territory was ceded to Turkey by the Soviet Union in the Treaty of Kars. The territory is still disputable as the Treaty of Kars was not legally ratified by any country of the South Caucasus, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and its successor, the Republic of Armenia, and thus bearing no legal consequences for those countries.
http://wn.com/Kars_Province -
Kastamonu Province
http://wn.com/Kastamonu_Province -
Kaunos
Kaunos (Carian: Kbid;
http://wn.com/Kaunos -
Kayaköy
http://wn.com/Kayaköy -
Kayseri Province
The Kayseri Province, in central Turkey, is an area that has been linked with mythological stories as well as important figures in Turkish history. It is located in Anatolia, and surrounded by the Mount Erciyes, the Mount Hasan and the Mount Ali. The Ali mountain is named like that in honor of Ali Baba, who is said to have lived in the area.
http://wn.com/Kayseri_Province -
Kekova
http://wn.com/Kekova -
Kilis Province
Kilis is a province in south-central Turkey. It used to be the southern part of the province of Gaziantep and was formed in 1994. The town of Kilis is home to around 67% of the inhabitants of the province, the other towns and villages are very small.
http://wn.com/Kilis_Province -
Knidos
http://wn.com/Knidos -
Kocaeli Province
http://wn.com/Kocaeli_Province -
Konya
Konya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is the capital of the Konya Province, and had a city population of 1,003,373 in 2009 while the provincial population (including the other urban centers in the Konya Province) was 1,959,082 in the same year.
http://wn.com/Konya -
Konya Province
Konya is a province of Turkey located in central Anatolia. The provincial capital is the city of Konya. It is the largest province by area of Turkey.
http://wn.com/Konya_Province -
Kültepe
http://wn.com/Kültepe -
Kütahya Province
http://wn.com/Kütahya_Province -
Kırklareli Province
http://wn.com/Kırklareli_Province -
Kırıkkale Province
http://wn.com/Kırıkkale_Province -
Kırşehir Province
http://wn.com/Kırşehir_Province -
Labraunda
http://wn.com/Labraunda -
Lysimachia (Thrace)
Lysimachia () was an important Hellenistic Greek town on the north-western extremity of the Thracian Chersonese (the modern Gallipoli peninsula) in what is now the European part of Turkey, not far from the bay of Melas (the modern Gulf of Saros).
http://wn.com/Lysimachia_(Thrace) -
Manisa Province
http://wn.com/Manisa_Province -
Mardin Province
http://wn.com/Mardin_Province -
Mari, Syria
Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Syria) was an ancient Sumerian and Amorite city, located 11 kilometers north-west of the modern town of Abu Kamal on the western bank of Euphrates river, some 120 km southeast of Deir ez-Zor, Syria. It is thought to have been inhabited since the 5th millennium BC, although it flourished with series of superimposed palaces that spans a thousand years, from 2900 BC until 1759 BC, when it was sacked by Hammurabi.
http://wn.com/Mari_Syria -
Marmara Region
http://wn.com/Marmara_Region -
Medes
http://wn.com/Medes -
Median Empire
http://wn.com/Median_Empire -
Mersin Province
http://wn.com/Mersin_Province -
Miletus
http://wn.com/Miletus -
Muğla Province
http://wn.com/Muğla_Province -
Muş Province
http://wn.com/Muş_Province -
Myra
http://wn.com/Myra -
Myriandrus
http://wn.com/Myriandrus -
Myus
Myus, Caria (sometimes Myous or Myos) was an ancient city-state and was one of twelve major settlements formed in the Ionian Confederation, called the Ionian League. The city was said to have been founded by Cyaretus (sometimes called Cydrelus), a son of Codrus. Myus was a small peninsula, it is now however surrounded by land (fields). These fields do still flood but it is no longer a harbour town. Myus was also synoikised with Miletus. Myus had both a temple of Athena and a temple of Herodotus and sources tell us that it was always secondary to Miletos.
http://wn.com/Myus -
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 608 BC. During this period, Assyria assumed a position as possibly the most powerful nation on earth, and vying with Babylonia and other lesser powers for dominance of the region, though not until the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, did it become a powerful and vast empire. In the Middle Assyrian period of the Late Bronze Age, Assyria had been a minor kingdom of northern Mesopotamia (modern-day northern Iraq), competing for dominance with its southern Mesopotamian rival Babylonia. Beginning with the campaign of Adad-nirari II, it became a great regional power, growing to be a serious threat to 25th dynasty Egypt.
http://wn.com/Neo-Assyrian_Empire -
Nevalı Çori
http://wn.com/Nevalı_Çori -
Nevşehir Province
http://wn.com/Nevşehir_Province -
Nicopolis (Pontus)
Nicopolis (, "city of victory") was a Roman colony founded by Pompey in 66 BC in the Pontus.
http://wn.com/Nicopolis_(Pontus) -
Ninevah
http://wn.com/Ninevah -
Nineveh
http://wn.com/Nineveh -
Nisibis
http://wn.com/Nisibis -
Niğde Province
http://wn.com/Niğde_Province -
Olba (ancient city)
Olba is a Roman Catholic titular see in the former Roman province of Isauria (a region of Asia Minor, in present Turkey), suffragan of Seleucia Trachea.
http://wn.com/Olba_(ancient_city) -
Ordu Province
Ordu is a province of Turkey, located on the Black Sea coast. Its adjacent provinces are Samsun to the northwest, Tokat to the southwest, Sivas to the south, and Giresun to the east. It's traffic code is 52. The capital of the province is the city of Ordu.
http://wn.com/Ordu_Province -
Osmaniye Province
http://wn.com/Osmaniye_Province -
Parthian Empire
http://wn.com/Parthian_Empire -
Pepuza
http://wn.com/Pepuza -
Perga
Perga ( Perge, ) was an ancient Greek city in Anatolia and the capital of Pamphylia, now in Antalya province on the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Today it is a large site of ancient ruins east of Antalya on the coastal plain. Located there is an acropolis dating back to the Bronze Age. During the Hellenistic period, Perga was one of the richest and most beautiful cities in the ancient world, famous for its temple of Artemis. It also is notable for being the home of the renowned ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius of Perga.
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Pergamon
http://wn.com/Pergamon -
Persia
http://wn.com/Persia -
Phocaea
http://wn.com/Phocaea -
Pinara
http://wn.com/Pinara -
Pitane (Aeolis)
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Priene
http://wn.com/Priene -
Rize Province
Rize is a province of north-east Turkey, on the eastern Black Sea coast between Trabzon and Artvin. Its capital is the city of Rize.
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Sagalassos
http://wn.com/Sagalassos -
Sakarya Province
Sakarya is a province in Turkey, located on the coast of Black Sea. The river Sakarya creates a webbing of estuaries in the province.
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Sakçagözü
http://wn.com/Sakçagözü -
Sam'al
http://wn.com/Sam'al -
Samsun Province
http://wn.com/Samsun_Province -
Sanliurfa
http://wn.com/Sanliurfa -
Sapinuwa
http://wn.com/Sapinuwa -
Sardis
http://wn.com/Sardis -
Seleucia (Pamphylia)
http://wn.com/Seleucia_(Pamphylia) -
Selge, Pisidia
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Sestos
Sestos () was an ancient Greek town of the Thracian Chersonese, the modern Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey. Situated on the Hellespont opposite Abydos, it was the home of Hero in the legend of Hero and Leander. Sestos was an Aeolian colony, as it was founded by settlers from Lesbos. The ruins of the town are near to Eceabat.
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Side
Side ( Side, ) was an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, in the region of Pamphylia, in what is now Antalya province, on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It is now a resort town and one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, near the villages of Manavgat and Selimiye, 75 km from Antalya) in the province of Antalya.
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Sigeion
http://wn.com/Sigeion -
Siirt Province
http://wn.com/Siirt_Province -
Sinop Province
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Sivas Province
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Siverek
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Smyrna
Smyrna () was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern Izmir, Turkey. While the first site, likely to have started as a native foundation, rose to prominence during the Archaic Period as one of the principal ancient Greek settlements in western Anatolia, the second, whose foundation is associated with Alexander the Great, reached metropolitan proportions especially during the period of the Roman Empire, from which time and particularly from after a 2nd century AD earthquake, most of the present-day remains date.
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Soli, Cilicia
Soli (, Soloi) was an ancient city and port in Cilicia, in present day Turkey, a part of Mezitli municipality which in turn is a part of Greater Mersin. It was a colony of Rhodes, founded c. 700 BC. Soli was destroyed in the 1st century BC, and rebuilt by Pompey the Great. Thereafter, it was called Pompeiopolis (not to be confused with the Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia). The word solecism is derived from Soli, since the dialect of Greek spoken there was considered by Athenians to be a corrupted form of Attic Greek.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Sultantepe
http://wn.com/Sultantepe -
Suruç
http://wn.com/Suruç -
Tarsus, Mersin
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Tell Tayinat
'''Tell Ta'yinat''' is a low-lying ancient occupation mound on the east bank at the bend of the ancient Orontes river, in the Hatay province of present southeastern Turkey about 45 kilometers west of Antakya (ancient Antioch). The site lies some 800 meters from Tell Atchana, the site of the ancient city of Alalakh. It is a possible site of the city of Calneh mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures.
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Temnos
Temnos (also Temnus) was a small Greek city-state, on the western coast of Anatolia. The name survives as a Catholic titular see. When Temnos was a functioning diocese, its bishop was a suffragan of Ephesus.
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Teos
http://wn.com/Teos -
Termessos
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Tigris
The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.
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Tlos
Tlos is known to have been one of the most important religious centers of the Lycian region in Antalya province of Turkey.
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Tokat Province
Tokat is a province in northern Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Amasya to the northwest, Yozgat to the southwest, Sivas to the southeast, and Ordu to the northeast. Its capital is Tokat, which lies inland of the middle Black Sea region, 422 kilometers from Ankara.
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Trabzon Province
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Troy
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Tunceli Province
Tunceli is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The province was named Dersim until 1936 (Dersim meaning 'silver door' in Zazaki and Kurdish), and some still call the region by this name. The name of the provincial capital, Kalan, was then officially changed to match with the province's name.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Tushhan
Tushhan was a northern Assyrian provincial capital in the upper Tigris river valley, on the south bank. It was inhabited since Mittani period, and mainly during the Neo-Assyrian period during the Iron Age.
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Tyana
:For the genus of nolid moths, see Tyana (moth).
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Urhai
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Uşak Province
http://wn.com/Uşak_Province -
Van Province
Van Province is a province in eastern Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. It is 19,069 km2 in area and has a population of 1,012,707 .
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Viranşehir
http://wn.com/Viranşehir -
Xanthos
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Yalova Province
Yalova Province is a province in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Bursa to the south and Kocaeli to the east. The provincial capital is the city of Yalova. The population of the Yalova Province is 188,440. Prior to 1995, Yalova constituted a district of the Istanbul Province.
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Yazılıkaya
http://wn.com/Yazılıkaya -
Zonguldak Province
http://wn.com/Zonguldak_Province -
Çanakkale Province
http://wn.com/Çanakkale_Province -
Çankırı Province
http://wn.com/Çankırı_Province -
Çatalhöyük
http://wn.com/Çatalhöyük -
Çorum Province
http://wn.com/Çorum_Province -
Şanlıurfa
http://wn.com/Şanlıurfa -
Şırnak Province
http://wn.com/Şırnak_Province
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Abraham
Abraham(originally known as Abram) (, , ', ', ) is the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Edomites, and the Midianites and kindred peoples, according to the book of Genesis.
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Abram
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Abu al-Fida
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Adad-Nirari I
http://wn.com/Adad-Nirari_I -
Al-Adil I
http://wn.com/Al-Adil_I -
Al-Battani
http://wn.com/Al-Battani -
Al-Ma'mun
http://wn.com/Al-Ma'mun -
Al-Masudi
http://wn.com/Al-Masudi -
Albert of Aachen
http://wn.com/Albert_of_Aachen -
Alexander the Great
http://wn.com/Alexander_the_Great -
Alid
The Alid dynasties descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib, son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by Muhammad and the first rightful caliph. The Alid are followers of Ali ibn Abi Talib and his sons.
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Ammianus Marcellinus
http://wn.com/Ammianus_Marcellinus -
Arab
http://wn.com/Arab -
Assur-bani-pal
http://wn.com/Assur-bani-pal -
Assyrian people
The Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (frequently known as Assyrians, Syriacs, Syriac Christians, Suroye/Suryoye, Chaldeans, and other variants, see names of Syriac Christians) are an ethnic group whose origins lie in the Fertile Crescent. Today that ancient territory is part of several nations; the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people have been minorities under other ethnic groups' rule since the early Middle Ages. They have traditionally lived in northern Iraq, Syria, northwest Iran, and Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia. Many have migrated to the Caucasus, North America and Europe during the past century. The major sub-ethnic division is between an Eastern group ("Nestorians" and "Chaldean Christians") and a Western one ("Syrian Jacobites").
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Assyrians
http://wn.com/Assyrians -
Ayyubid dynasty
http://wn.com/Ayyubid_dynasty -
Baldwin of Bourcq
http://wn.com/Baldwin_of_Bourcq -
Bar Hebraeus
http://wn.com/Bar_Hebraeus -
Caracalla
http://wn.com/Caracalla -
Galerius
Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus (c. 260 - April or May 311), commonly known as Galerius, was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sassanid Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299.
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Great Seljuq Empire
The Great Seljuq Empire () was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks. The Seljuq Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. From their homelands near the Aral sea, the Seljuqs advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia before eventually conquering eastern Anatolia.
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Hammad al-Harrani
http://wn.com/Hammad_al-Harrani -
Haran
http://wn.com/Haran -
Ibn Taymiyyah
http://wn.com/Ibn_Taymiyyah -
Isaac
Isaac (; , "he will laugh"; , ; , ; ; or ) as described in the Hebrew Bible, was the only son Abraham had with his wife Sarah, and was the father of Jacob and Esau. Isaac is one of the three patriarchs of the Jewish people. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born, and Sarah was beyond childbearing years.
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Jacob
Jacob (; , Standard ', Tiberian '; Septuagint '; '; "heel" or "leg-puller"), also later known as Israel (, Standard ', Tiberian '; Septuagint '; '; "persevere with God"), as described in the Hebrew Bible, was the third patriarch of the Jewish people whom God made a covenant with, and ancestor of the tribes of Israel, named after his descendants.
http://wn.com/Jacob -
Jābir ibn Hayyān
http://wn.com/Jābir_ibn_Hayyān -
Kurdish people
http://wn.com/Kurdish_people -
Laban (Bible)
Laban () is the son of Bethuel, brother of Rebekah and the father of Leah and Rachel as described in the Book of Genesis. As such he is brother-in-law to Isaac and both father-in-law and uncle to Jacob. Laban and his family were described as dwelling in Paddan-aram, in Mesopotamia.
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Lot (Bible)
Lot () is a character from the Hebrew bible, where he figures as the nephew of the patriarch Abraham, or Abram. He was the son of Abraham's brother Haran (Gen. 11:27). Abraham's brother Nahor became Lot's brother in law by marrying Milcah, Lot's sister.
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Macrinus
http://wn.com/Macrinus -
Mandaeans
http://wn.com/Mandaeans -
Matthew of Edessa
http://wn.com/Matthew_of_Edessa -
Medes
http://wn.com/Medes -
Median Empire
http://wn.com/Median_Empire -
Nabonidus
http://wn.com/Nabonidus -
Nabopolassar
http://wn.com/Nabopolassar -
Nur al-Din Mahmud
http://wn.com/Nur_al-Din_Mahmud -
Ottoman Empire
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire -
Peleg
Peleg () is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as one of the two sons of Eber, an ancestor of the Israelites, according to the so-called "Table of Nations" in and . Peleg's son was Reu, born when Peleg was thirty, and he had other sons and daughters. According to the Hebrew Bible, Peleg lived to the age of 239 years. ()
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Perdiccas
Perdiccas (, Perdikkas; died 321 BC or 320 BC) was one of Alexander the Great's generals. After Alexander's death in 323 BC he became regent of all Alexander's empire.
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Piyashshili
http://wn.com/Piyashshili -
Pliny the Elder
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Sarah
Sarah or Sara (; ; ; Arabic: ) was the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran. Her name was originally Sarai. According to Genesis 17:15 God changed her name to Sarah as part of a covenant with Yahweh after Hagar bore Abraham his son Ishmael.
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Sargon II
http://wn.com/Sargon_II -
Seleucus I Nicator
http://wn.com/Seleucus_I_Nicator -
Sennacherib
http://wn.com/Sennacherib -
Seton Lloyd
http://wn.com/Seton_Lloyd -
Shattiwaza
http://wn.com/Shattiwaza -
Surena
Surena or Suren may refer to either a noble family of Parthia also known as the House of Suren, or to a renowned 1st century BCE General Surena who was a member of that family.
http://wn.com/Surena -
T. E. Lawrence
http://wn.com/T_E_Lawrence -
Terah
http://wn.com/Terah -
Tiglath-Pileser I
http://wn.com/Tiglath-Pileser_I
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Bekir Develi - Gez Göz Arpacık - Şanlıurfa - Harran.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:02
- Published: 22 Jul 2011
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
harranlı ali
http://wn.com/Bekir_Develi_Gez_Göz_Arpacık_Şanlıurfa_Harranmp4
Harran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Published: 17 Dec 2007
- Updated: 10 Jun 2012
Harran is a district of Şanlıurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey. The district is near the border with Syria, 44 km southeast of the city of Şanlıurfa, at the end of a long straight road across the hot plain of Harran. Harran is an archaeological site of great value as the ancient city was the centre of a considerable commerce, trading with Tyre (Ezekiel 27:23), and one of its specialities was the odoriferous gum derived from the stobrum tree. The legends surrounding Harran go back to the beginning of man; it is said that Adam and Eve set foot here when they were expelled from the Garden of Eden. Historical Harran is very, very ancient too. This was a centre of Mesopotamian culture which in its prime controlled the point where the road from Damascus joins the highway between Nineveh and Carchemish. This location gave Harran strategic value from an early date. It is frequently mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions as early as the time of Tiglath-Pileser I, about 1100 BC, under the name Harranu, or "Road". After the Shupiluliuma-Shattiwazza treaty, Harran was burned by a Hittite army under Piyashshili in the course of the conquest of Hanilgalbat. Harran is famous for its traditional 'beehive' adobe houses, constructed entirely without wood. The design of these makes them cool inside (essential in this part of the world) and is thought to have been unchanged for at least 3000 years. Some were still in use as dwellings until the 1980s. However, those remaining today are <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Harran
Harran, Turkey: Ancient City of Abraham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Published: 28 Mar 2012
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Centuries of wind and warriors have rounded the corners of Harrans' fortress. Here, 500 miles SE of Istanbul near the Syrian border it seems the people and their ways of life have changed little. Many locals live in conical mud brick dwellings and women don colorful scarves. According to the Bible, Abraham settled here on his way to the promised land in Canaan about 1900 BC, making Harran one of the oldest continuously inhabited places on earth. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.
http://wn.com/Harran,_Turkey_Ancient_City_of_Abraham
The Beehive Houses of Harran, Southeastern Turkey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 04 Mar 2011
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
www.TravelsWithSheila.com Harran is a short 50km miles from Urfa and known for its unusual Beehive houses, influenced by Syrian architecture. Harran is one of the oldest continuously inhabited spots dating back to the Early Bronze Age 3000 BC It was a major commercial center and located in a prime and strategic locatiion. The airy and spacious beehive complex was owned by one family originally built by Ahmet's (our local guide's) grandfather. ex-Marine and I made our way through the individual rooms that all interconnected. Kitchen, individual bedrooms, lounging areas. A hole at the top of each room is usually covered with a rock or stone that can be removed when it rains to cool down the inside. Outside, the courtyard held a raised, wooden structure used as "summer beds" by the entire family during intense heat. How wonderful to sleep under the stars!
http://wn.com/The_Beehive_Houses_of_Harran,_Southeastern_Turkey
Turkey - Harran - Travel Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Published: 20 Nov 2011
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
Harran is south of Urfa and a few miles north of Syria. In Genesis Chapter 11, Verse 31 it says that Abraham and Lot, came from Ur and lived here for a while.You can visit the historic Beehive houses. There is also a Kale fortress dating from the 11th century. Music Song 1 Journey To Arabia From Pinnacle Studio Music Song 2 Deliberate Thought by Kevin MacLeod
http://wn.com/Turkey_Harran_Travel_Video
Üzerlik ...Harran 1/3- Ellerin Türküsü - Kanal B
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Published: 04 Jul 2009
- Updated: 27 Mar 2012
Evil Eye Fancies Yapım: Ayse Oksuz Kanal B Turkey Kurgu: Nehir Şeref Üzerlik (Nazarotu, Çayağzı, Harmal, Peganum African rue) Eski Mısırlıların da nazara karşı bu bitkiyi kullandıkları, tütsü yaptıkları ve Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinde bu geleneğin sürdüğü bilinmektedir. Mısırdaki aktarlarda üzerlik tohumu yağı afrodizyak ve kara büyüye karşı kullanılmak üzere satılır. Fasta da tohumlar tıbbi ve büyüsel etkinliklerde kullanılır. İranda Zend-Avesta dininde soma adıyla geçen ve Şaman rahiplerince törenlerde kullanılan bitki de üzerliktir. Anadoluda da aynı inanış sürdürülmekte ve nazara karşı üzerlik tohumu yakılarak kullanılmaktadır. Evil Eye is first recorded by the Mesopotamians about 5000 years ago in cuneiform on clay tablets, the Evil Eye may actually have originated as early as the Upper Paleolithic age We find this figure in Jewish, Christian and Muslim cultures as well as Buddhist and Hindu societies. This common tradition finds a new identity in the 3000 years old glass craftsmanship of Anatolia.
http://wn.com/Üzerlik_Harran_1_3_Ellerin_Türküsü_Kanal_B
What To See In Ancient Harran, Southeastern Turkey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 05 Mar 2011
- Updated: 10 May 2012
www.TravelsWithSheila.com The Explore group began "exploring" the ancient city of Harran One of the oldest, continuously inhabited spots on Earth dating back to the Early Bronze Age. Harran was a center for translating works of astronomy, philosophy, natural sciences and medicine from Greek to Syriac to Arabic and many noted scholars lived in Harran. A vast site. It was almost impossible to really comprehend how large the Ulu Cami (Great Mosque) was with only the minaret, arch and portions of the walls still remaining. Mo time to really walk around these ruins, it was down to the Beehive house complex where local guide, Ahmet's family lived.
http://wn.com/What_To_See_In_Ancient_Harran,_Southeastern_Turkey
Üzerlik ... Harran 2/3 - Ellerin Türküsü Kanal B
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Published: 04 Jul 2009
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Evil Eye Fancies Yapım: Ayse Oksuz Kanal B Turkey Kurgu: Nehir Şeref Üzerlik (Nazarotu, Çayağzı, Harmal, Peganum African rue) Region: Harran, also known as Carrhae, is a district of Şanlıurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey. A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site. It is often identified as Haran, the place in which Abraham lived before he reached Canaan. Among Harran's trading partners was Tyre (Ezekiel 27:23). One of Harran's specialties was the odoriferous gum derived from the stobrum tree.[1][2] The city was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon god Sin, under the Babylonians and even into Roman times. Carrhae is a defunct ancient town on the site, and gave its name to the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), fought between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire. Harran's ruins date from Roman, Sabian, and Islamic Caliphate times. TE Lawrence surveyed the site, and an AngloTurkish excavation was begun in 1951, ending in 1956 with the death of DS Rice. Harran is famous for its traditional 'beehive' adobe houses, constructed entirely without wood. The design of these makes them cool inside (essential in this part of the world) and is thought to have been unchanged for at least 3000 years. Some were still in use as dwellings until the 1980s. However, those remaining today are strictly tourist exhibits, while most of Harran's population lives in a newly built small village <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Üzerlik_Harran_2_3_Ellerin_Türküsü_Kanal_B
HARRAN/ŞANLIURFA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 14 Jan 2007
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
FANTASTİC
http://wn.com/HARRAN_ŞANLIURFA
HARRAN FEDAİLERİ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Published: 20 Jun 2007
- Updated: 01 Apr 2012
GEÇMİYOR GÜNLER
http://wn.com/HARRAN_FEDAİLERİ
Harran, Turkey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Published: 10 Mar 2009
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
( video 2004, Harran, Turkey) . Harran, also known as Carrhae, is a district of Şanlıurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey. A very ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center, Harran is a valuable archaeological site. It is often identified as Haran, the place in which Abraham lived before he reached Canaan. Among Harran's trading partners was Tyre (Ezekiel 27:23). One of Harran's specialities was the odoriferous gum derived from the stobrum tree. The city was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon-god Sin, under the Babylonians and even into Roman times. Carrhae is a defunct ancient town on the site, and gave its name to the Battle of Carrhae, fought between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire. Harran's ruins are from Roman, Sabian, and Islamic times. TE Lawrence surveyed the site, and an Anglo-Turkish excavation was begun in 1951, ending in 1956 with the death of DS Rice
http://wn.com/Harran,_Turkey
TEDxBrisbane 2011 - Edward Harran - Imagination
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:53
- Published: 09 Nov 2011
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Edward Harran shares his story into the 'knowmad' movement: an emerging generation that has the capacity to work, learn, move, and play - with anybody, anytime, and anywhere. In his energetic talk, Edward gives us a compelling case to what is coming and highlights what the knowmads may represent: the beginning of the next renaissance. www.edwardharran.com
http://wn.com/TEDxBrisbane_2011_Edward_Harran_Imagination
harran üniversitesi.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Published: 02 Aug 2011
- Updated: 02 Aug 2011
Harran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Published: 29 May 2007
- Updated: 10 Mar 2012
Believed to be the ancient city of Harran mentioned in the Old Testament, Harran, 48 km south of Şanlı Urfa, is known more now for its unusual beehive dwellings than as the place where Abraham actually spent several years of his lif. Harran, which was also known Helenopolis, was burned and destroyed by Mongolian invaders in 1260. Included among the archeological finds are those of the largest ancient Islamic university, city walls dating from the eighth century, four gates and a citadel.
http://wn.com/Harran
The People v. Professor Harran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Published: 27 Jul 2012
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
A UCLA professor and the UC regents are facing felony charges after a young research associate's death. It's the first time a professor in the US has been charged with a felony for the death of a worker. This case will have consequences for university labs across the country.
http://wn.com/The_People_v_Professor_Harran
Turkish wedding banquet music at Urfa's Harran Hotel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Published: 01 Nov 2008
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Try www.youtube.com for higher quality or if halts occur. Photos from Turkey at www.pbase.com At about 10pm after arriving late at the Harran Hotel, we heard some rather loud music and were told we could join a wedding banquet celebrated with good food and a band of musicians. The main family is to the left with a large spread on the floor, while guests dine at regular tables. After a bit, diners get up and dance, and the guys have no trouble moving the feet with other guys. Obviously a lot of fun just moving with the music. With my small Canon Elph S400 camera, I took 3 very brief videoclips and then joined them together. I wish I'd taken more of the dancing. Good still shot of full room at www.pbase.com taken by travel partner.
http://wn.com/Turkish_wedding_banquet_music_at_Urfa's_Harran_Hotel
The Harran Castle Built Over The Temple of Sin, Southeastern Turkey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Published: 05 Mar 2011
- Updated: 10 May 2012
www.TravelsWithSheila.com Harran is mentioned in Genesis many times. - Terah (Terah also died in Haran), Abraham, wife Sarah and Lot stayed here when they fled from Ur. - Haran was the home of Laban, Isaac's wife Rebecca, and this is where Rebecca drew water for Jacob. The Temple of Sin, devoted to the Moon cult and famous throughout the ancient world for its star readers, was located here. Within a short radius of Harran were other temples devoted to worshipping the Sun, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn and Mercury. Not much to see but a big ruin where The Temple of Sin had been converted to Harran Castle but what truly ancient history took place in this spot!
http://wn.com/The_Harran_Castle_Built_Over_The_Temple_of_Sin,_Southeastern_Turkey
Behind the Scenes With James Kelly: Ed Harran and Charles Georcaris from the Nevada Film Office.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:56
- Published: 27 Jul 2012
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
I would like to thank David Saxe for being our past guest on the show. We had a great time. July 24th's show was great: thank you Ed Harran and Charles Georcaris from the Nevada Film Office.
http://wn.com/Behind_the_Scenes_With_James_Kelly_Ed_Harran_and_Charles_Georcaris_from_the_Nevada_Film_Office
Grup Harran - Ya Mevla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 22 Feb 2012
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Grup_Harran_Ya_Mevla
Behind The Scenes James Kelly Guests: Ed Harran and Charles Georcaris from the Nevada Film Office.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:41
- Published: 26 Jul 2012
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
July 24th's show was great: thank you Ed Harran and Charles Georcaris from the Nevada Film Office. www.aspectsofwriting.com
http://wn.com/Behind_The_Scenes_James_Kelly_Guests_Ed_Harran_and_Charles_Georcaris_from_the_Nevada_Film_Office
Mardin,Urfa,Harran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:10
- Published: 28 Sep 2011
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
middle east of Turkey Mardin, ŞanlıUrfa, Harran,Halfeti but picture is not good in this video. If the original photos are interested, i can send photos. i took around 3000 photo than middle east of turkey but ı can show only this one. who want to see more can send message
http://wn.com/Mardin,Urfa,Harran
Kamal Heer Jag Te Harran Manmohan Waris Sangtar langley 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 21 Sep 2010
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Punjabi virsa 2010 Kamal Heer. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/Kamal_Heer_Jag_Te_Harran_Manmohan_Waris_Sangtar_langley_2010
urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının tepsi çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik -.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği urfa yemeği - harran kubbesi - fırıncının çilesi - ali şekeroğlu - komik - herif ağziya sıçım yemeği - uyuntu arvat yemeği
http://wn.com/urfa_yemeği_harran_kubbesi_fırıncının_tepsi_çilesi_ali_şekeroğlu_komik_-mp4
NASA / NASA
NASA / NASA
Photo: AP / K.M. Chaudary
12 Oct 2012
THE attack, last Tuesday, on Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year old Pakistani girl, who is in intensive care after she was shot in the head, in an assassination attempt by Taliban militants in broad...
Photo: AP / Mahmoud Tawil
12 Oct 2012
BEIRUT, Lebanon — Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of the Lebanese militant group and political party Hezbollah, declared Thursday that his fighters had assembled and piloted a drone that flew 35...
Photo: AP / Baba Ahmed
11 Oct 2012
Islamists who seized control of part of Mali are amassing money from ransoms and drug trafficking while imposing Sharia law, says a senior UN official. They are also buying child soldiers, paying...
Photo: AP / NASA
11 Oct 2012
Forget the diamond as big as the Ritz. This one's bigger than planet Earth. Orbiting a star that is visible to the naked eye, astronomers have discovered a planet twice the size of our own made...
Hartford Courant
Connecticut maple syrup isn't one of the first things people usually think of when the issue of global warming comes up. But maybe it should be. Average winter temperatures in southern New England are up by several degrees. Spring is coming earlier. Some experts are predicting climate change could...(size: 2.8Kb)
American Kennel Club honors Bensalem K9
25 Sep 2012
MSNBC
Most dogs are man’s best friend, but Bensalem K9 Kirby is definitely not a drug dealer’s best friend, township Public Safety Director Fred Harran said. Kirby is the top dog when it comes to law enforcement, according to the American Kennel Club, which announced five nationwide winners of the AKC...(size: 3.2Kb)
Wild WesBanks at wet, windy Killarney
24 Sep 2012
Independent online (SA)
Championships were settled, and others left dangling on a string, at a dramatic eighth and penultimate round of the WesBank Super Series at Killarney on Saturday. Both motorcycle championships, both Production Car titles and the Formula VW championship were settled before the series ends in...(size: 10.5Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
SAN FRANCISCO — UCLA's much-debated plan for a conference center and 250-room hotel in the heart of the campus overcame previous skepticism among some UC regents and won unanimous approval Tuesday from an important university panel. The vote by the regents' grounds and buildings committee is...(size: 31.9Kb)
Philadelphia Daily News
Good news for residents in Bensalem's Lower End: The Union Fire Company is back in business after being punished for moonlighting as terror-hunters. The troubled volunteer outfit still suffers from a shortage of members who live close enough to actually respond to emergencies. But the firefighters...(size: 4.2Kb)
Philadelphia Daily News
Bensalem Township's volunteer Union Fire Company returned to service Friday after a two-month suspension, with new leaders and an agreement to give up its $940,000 firefighting and rescue boat. "As of noon today, we're responding to all emergencies," said Chief James Barford, the former deputy...(size: 3.0Kb)
MSNBC
The suspended Union Fire Company will return to full operations starting at noon today, Bensalem’s Department of Public Safety announced Friday. In a news release, Public Safety Director Fred Harran said the agreement with Union includes the following: A new chief, James Barford; A new...(size: 1.9Kb)
WesBank races thrill Zwartkop fans
27 Aug 2012
Independent online (SA)
A hot late-wnter day with a welcome cooling breeze created the perfect environment for an action-packed seventh round of the WesBank Super Series at Zwartkop Raceway near Pretoria at the weekend. SA SUPERBIKES/SUPERSPORT Once again the two-wheeler brigade topped the bill in terms of sheer...(size: 9.1Kb)
Union Fire Co. closer to re-opening
26 Aug 2012
MSNBC
After two suspensions in 13 months and being ordered to shut down operations, the Union Fire Co. is one step closer to reopening. Bensalem Director of Public Safety Fred Harran said late Friday the Union Fire Co. of State Road has been allowed to conduct training sessions and look for additional...(size: 3.0Kb)
"Carrhae" redirects here. For the battle, see Battle of Carrhae.
For other uses, see Harran (disambiguation).
| Harran | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Harran
|
|
| Coordinates: 36°52′39″N 39°02′02″E / 36.8775°N 39.03389°E / 36.8775; 39.03389Coordinates: 36°52′39″N 39°02′02″E / 36.8775°N 39.03389°E / 36.8775; 39.03389 | |
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Southeastern Anatolia |
| Province | Şanlıurfa |
| Area | |
| • City | 704 km2 (272 sq mi) |
| Population (2000) | |
| • City | 150,845 |
| • Density | 43.1/km2 (112/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 32,114 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 63xxx |
| Area code(s) | +(90)414 |
| Website | Şanlıurfa Province Administrative District of Akçakale |
Harran was a major ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia whose site is near the modern village of Altınbaşak, Turkey, 24 miles (44 kilometers) southeast of Şanlıurfa. The location is in a district of Şanlıurfa Province that is also named "Harran".
A few kilometers from the village of Altınbaşak are the archaeological remains of ancient Harran, a major commercial, cultural, and religious center first inhabited in the Early Bronze Age III (3rd millennium BCE) period. It was known as Ḫarrānu in the Assyrian period; possibly Ḫaran (חָרָן) in the Hebrew Bible; Κάῤῥαι or Carrhae under the Roman Empire; Hellenopolis (῾Ελληνὀπολις 'Greek city') in the Early Christian period; and Ḥarrān (حرّان) in the Islamic period.[1][2]
Contents |
History[link]
The earliest records of Harran come from the Ebla tablets (c. 2300 BCE). From these, it is known that an early king or mayor of Harran had married an Eblaite princess, Zugalum, who then became "queen of Harran", and whose name appears in a number of documents. It appears that Harran remained a part of the regional Eblaite kingdom for some time thereafter.
Royal letters from the city of Mari on the middle of the Euphrates, have confirmed that the area around the Balikh river remained occupied in ca. the 19th century BCE. A confederation of semi-nomadic tribes was especially active around the region near Harran at that time.[3]
Merchant outpost[link]
By the 19th Century BCE, Harran was established as a merchant outpost due to its ideal location. The community, well established before then, was situated along a trade route between the Mediterranean and the plains of the middle Tigris.[4] It lay directly on the road from Antioch eastward to Nisibis and Ninevah. The Tigris could be followed down to the delta to Babylon. The fourth century Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330–after 391) said, “From there (Harran) two different royal highways lead to Persia: the one on the left through Adiabene and over the Tigris; the one on the right, through Assyria and across the Euphrates.”[5] Not only did Harran have easy access to both the Assyrian and Babylonian roads, but also to north road to the Euphrates that provided easy access to Malatiyah and Asia Minor.
According to Roman authors such as Pliny the Elder, even through the classical period, Harran maintained an important position in the economic life of Northern Mesopotamia.[6]
Assyrian period[link]
In its prime Harran was a major Assyrian city which controlled the point where the road from Damascus joins the highway between Nineveh and Carchemish. This location gave Harran strategic value from an early date. Because Harran had an abundance of goods that passed through its region, it became a target for raids. In the 18th century, Assyrian king Shamshi-Adad I (1813 – 1781 BCE) launched an expedition to secure the Harranian trade route.
After the Suppiluliuma I–Shattiwaza treaty (14th century BCE) between the Hittite Empire and Mitanni, Harran was burned by a Hittite army under Piyashshili in the course of the conquest of Mitanni.
In the 13th century BCE, Assyrian king Adad-Nirari I reported that he conquered the "fortress of Kharani" and annexed it as a province.[7] It is frequently mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions as early as the time of Tiglath-Pileser I, about 1100 BCE, under the name Harranu (Akkadian harrānu, "road, path; campaign, journey"). Tiglath-Pileser had a fortress there, and mentioned that he was pleased with the abundance of elephants in the region.
10th century BCE inscriptions reveal that Harran had some privileges of fiscal exemption and freedom from certain forms of military obligations. It had even been termed as the "free city of Harran". However, in 763 BCE, it was sacked by a Harranian rebellion against Assyrian control that resulted in the loss of those privileges. Not until Sargon II restored order, in the late 8th century BCE, were those privileges restored.[8]
Median period[link]
During the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Harran became the stronghold of its last king, Ashur-uballit II, who had retreated from Nineveh when it was sacked by Nabopolassar of Babylon and his Median allies in 612 BC. Harran was besieged and conquered by Nabopolassar and Cyaxare in 610 BC. It was briefly retaken by Ashur-uballit II and his Egyptian allies in 609 BC before it definitely fell to the Medians and Babylonians.[9] The last king of the Neo-Babylonian period, Nabonidus, also originated from Harran as substantiated by evidence from the temple of stele of his mother Adad-Guppi, who is suspected by some to be of Assyrian origin. The city became a bastion for the worship of the moon god during the rule of Nabonidus from 555-536 BC, much to the consternation of the city of Babylon in the south where Marduk remained the primary deity.
Persian period[link]
Harran became part of the Median Empire after the fall of Assyria, and subsequently passed to the Persian Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century BCE. It became part of the Persian province of Athura, the Persian word for Assyria. The city remained in Persian hands until 331 BCE, when the soldiers of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great entered the city.
Seleucid period[link]
After the death of Alexander on June 11, 323 BCE, the city was contested by his successors: Perdiccas, Antigonus Monophthalmus, and Eumenes visited the city, but eventually it became part of the realm of Seleucus I Nicator, of the Seleucid Empire, and capital of a province called Osrhoene (the Greek rendering of the old name Urhai). For one and a half centuries the town flourished, and became independent when the Parthian dynasty of Persia occupied Babylonia. The Parthian and Seleucid kings were both happy with a buffer state, and the dynasty of the Arabian Abgarides, technically a vassal of the Parthian "king of kings", was to rule Osrhoene for centuries. The main language spoken in Oshroene was Aramaic, and the majority of people were Christian Assyrians.
Classical period[link]
In Roman times, Harran was known as Carrhae, and was the location of the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BCE, in which the Parthians, commanded by general Surena, defeated a large Roman army under the command of Crassus, who was killed.
Centuries later, the emperor Caracalla was murdered here at the instigation of Macrinus (217). The emperor Galerius was defeated nearby by the Parthians' successors, the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, in 296 CE. The city remained under Persian control until the fall of the Sassanids to the Arabs in 651 CE.
Early Islamic Harran[link]
At the beginning of the Islamic period Harran was located in the land of the Mudar tribe (Diyar Mudar), the western part of northern Mesopotamia (Jazira). Along with ar-Ruha' (Şanlıurfa) and Ar-Raqqah it was one of the main cities in the region. During the reign of the Umayyad caliph Marwan II Harran became the seat of the caliphal government of the Islamic empire stretching from Spain to Central Asia.
It was allegedly the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun who, while passing through Harran on his way to a campaign against the Byzantine Empire, forced the Harranians to convert to one of the "religions of the book", meaning Judaism, Christianity, or Islam. The pagan people of Harran identified themselves with the Sabians in order to fall under the protection of Islam. Aramaean and Assyrian Christians remained Christian. Sabians were mentioned in the Qur'an, but those were a group of Mandaeans (a Gnostic sect) living in southern Mesopotamia. The relationship of the Harranian Sabians to the ones mentioned in the Qur'an is a matter of dispute. The Harranians may have identified themselves as Sabians in order to retain their religious beliefs.
Islam's first university[link]
During the late 8th and 9th centuries Harran was a centre for translating works of astronomy, philosophy, natural sciences, and medicine from Greek to Syriac by Assyrians, and thence to Arabic, bringing the knowledge of the classical world to the emerging Arabic-speaking civilization in the south. Baghdad came to this work later than Harran. Many important scholars of natural science, astronomy, and medicine originate from Harran; they were non-Arab and non-Islamic ethnic Assyrians, including possibly the alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān.[10]
The end of the Mandaeans[link]
In 1032 or 1033 the temple of the Sabians was destroyed and the urban community extinguished by an uprising of the rural, starving 'Alid-Shiite population and impoverished urban Muslim militias. In 1059–60 the temple was rebuilt into a fortified residence of the Numayrids, an Arab tribe assuming power in the Diyar Mudar (western Jazira) during the 11th century. The Zangid ruler Nur al-Din Mahmud transformed the residence into a strong fortress.
The Crusades[link]
During the Crusades, on May 7, 1104, a decisive battle was fought in the Balikh River valley, commonly known as the Battle of Harran. However, according to Matthew of Edessa the actual location of the battle lies two days away from Harran. Albert of Aachen and Fulcher of Chartres locate the battleground in the plain opposite to the city of ar-Raqqah. During the battle, Baldwin of Bourcq, Count of Edessa, was captured by troops of the Great Seljuq Empire. After his release Baldwin became King of Jerusalem.
At the end of 12th century Harran served together with ar-Raqqah as a residence of Kurdish Ayyubid princes. The Ayyubid ruler of the Jazira, Al-Adil I, again strengthened the fortifications of the castle. In the 1260s the city was completely destroyed and abandoned during the Mongol invasions of Syria. The father of the famous Hanbalite scholar Ibn Taymiyyah was a refugee from Harran, settling in Damascus. The 13th century Arab historian Abu al-Fida describes the city as being in ruins.
Modern Harran[link]
Harran is famous for its traditional 'beehive' adobe houses, constructed entirely without wood. The design of these makes them cool inside (essential in this part of the world) and is thought to have been unchanged for at least 3,000 years. Some were still in use as dwellings until the 1980s. However, those remaining today are strictly tourist exhibits, while most of Harran's population lives in a newly built small village about 2 kilometres away from the main site.
At the historical site the ruins of the city walls and fortifications are still in place, with one city gate standing, along with some other structures. Excavations of a nearby 4th century BC burial mound continue under archaeologist Dr Nurettin Yardımcı.
The new village is poor and life is hard in the hot weather on this plain. The people here are now ethnic Arabs and live by long-established traditions. It is believed that these Arabs were settled here during the 18th century by the Ottoman Empire. The women of the village are tattooed and dressed in traditional Bedouin clothes. The Assyrians who once occupied the area for thousands of years have moved to other areas, although there are some Assyrian villages in the general area.
By the late 1980s the large plain of Harran had fallen into disuse as the streams of Cüllab and Deysan, its original water-supply had dried up. But the plain is irrigated by the recent Southeastern Anatolia Project and is becoming green again. Cotton and rice can now be grown.
Religion[link]
The city was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon god Sin, under the Assyrians and Neo-Babylonians/Chaldeans and even into Roman times.
According to an early Arabic work known as Kitab al-Magall or the Book of Rolls (part of Clementine literature), Harran was one of the cities built by Nimrod, when Peleg was 50 years old. The Syriac Cave of Treasures (ca. 350) contains a similar account of Nimrod's building Harran and the other cities, but places the event when Reu was 50 years old. The Cave of Treasures adds an ancient legend that not long thereafter, Tammuz was pursued to Harran by his wife's lover, B'elshemin, and that he (Tammuz) met his fate there when the city was then burnt.
The pagan residents of Harran also maintained the tradition well into the tenth century AD, of being the site of Tammuz' death, and would conduct elaborate mourning rituals for him each year, in the month bearing his name.
However, the Islamic historian Al-Masudi in his Meadows of Gold (ca. 950), as well as the Christian historian Bar Hebraeus (13th c.), both recounted a legend that Harran had been built by Cainan (the father of Abraham's ancestor Shelah in some accounts), and had been named for another son of Cainan called Harran.
Sin's temple was rebuilt by several kings, among them the Assyrian Assur-bani-pal (7th century BCE) and the Neo-Babylonian Nabonidus (6th century BCE). [11] [12] Herodian (iv. 13, 7) mentions the town as possessing in his day a temple of the moon.
Harran was a centre of Assyrian Christianity from early on, and was the first place where purpose-built churches were constructed openly. However, although a bishop resided in the city, many people of Harran retained their ancient pagan faith during the Christian period, and ancient Mesopotamian/Assyrian gods such as Sin and Ashur were still worshipped for a time. In addition the Mandean religion, a form of Gnosticism, was born in Harran.
Harran in scriptures[link]
Main article: Haran (biblical place)
Premedieval Harran has been closely associated with the biblical place Haran (Hebrew: חָרָן, transliterated: Charan). Very little is known about the premedieval levels of Harran[13] and even less for the patriarchal times. (Lloyd and Brice) [14] Scholars have yet to see what physical evidence will link this villiage of Harran to the biblical site that Abram and his family encamped at as mentioned in Genesis 11:31,32; 12:4,5
Biblical Haran was where Terah, his son Abram (Abraham), his grandson Lot, and Abram's wife Sarai settled while in route to Canaan, coming from Ur of the Chaldees (Genesis 11:26–32). The region of this Haran is referred to variously as Paddan Aram and Aram Naharaim. Genesis 27:43 makes Haran the home of Laban and connects it with Isaac and Jacob: it was the home of Isaac's wife Rebekah, and their son Jacob spent twenty years in Haran working for his uncle Laban (cf. Genesis 31:38&41). The place-name should not be confused with the name of Haran (Hebrew: הָרָן), Abraham's brother and Lot's father — note that the two names are spelled differently in the original Hebrew. Islamic tradition does link Harran to Aran, the brother of Abraham.
Prior to Sennacherib's reign (704–681 BCE), Harran rebelled from the Assyrians, who reconquered the city (see 2 Kings 19:12 and Isaiah 37:12) and deprived it of many privileges – which King Sargon II later restored.
Archaeology[link]
T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") surveyed the ancient Harran site. Decades later, in 1950, Seton Lloyd conducted a three-week archaeological survey there.[15] An Anglo–Turkish excavation was begun in 1951, ending in 1956 with the death of D. S. Rice.[16]
Notables[link]
- Al-Battani, Sabian astronomer and mathematician
- Ibn Taymiyyah, Islamic scholar
- Hammad al-Harrani, Islamic scholar
- Nabonidus, the last Neo-Babylonian king
- Belshazzar, Nabonidus's son and regent
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ David Noel Freedman et al., Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible s.v. Haran
- ^ Encyclopedia of Islam, s.v. Ḥarrān
- ^ G. Dossin, “Benjamites dans les Textes de Mari, “ ‘’Melanges Syriens Offerts a M. Rene Dussaud’’ (Paris, 1939), 986
- ^ Tamara M. Green,The city of the Moon god: religious traditions of Harran (ISBN 9004095136, ISBN 978-90-04-09513-7), 1992, p.19
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, R.G., XXIII.3.1
- ^ Pliny, ‘’Naturalis Historia’’, XII. 40
- ^ S. Smith, Babylonian Historical Texts (London, 1924), p.39
- ^ Smith, Babylonian Historical Texts, p.39
- ^ A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, New York, 1975, 96 (Fall of Nineveh chronicle).
- ^ "Geber – LoveToKnow 1911". http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Geber.
- ^ H. W. F. Saggs, Neo-Babylonian Fragments from Harran, Iraq, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 166–169, 1969
- ^ C. J. Gadd, The Harran Inscriptions of Nabonidus, Anatolian Studies, vol. 8, pp. 35–92, 1958
- ^ Bienkowski & Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East (ISBN 0812235576, ISBN 978-0-8122-3557-9), 2000, p.140
- ^ Alexander & Baker. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch, (ISBN 0830817816, ISBN 978-0-8308-1781-8) 2003, p. 379
- ^ Seton Lloyd and William Brice, Harran, Anatolian Studies, vol. 1, pp. 77–111, 1951
- ^ David Storm Rice, "Medieval Harran. Studies on Its Topography and Monuments I", Anatolian Studies 2:36–84, 1952
References[link]
- Chwolsohn, Daniil Abramovic, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1856. [Still a valuable reference and collection of sources]
- Green, Tamara, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran. Leiden, 1992.
- Heidemann, Stefan, Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: Städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Harran von der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts 40). Leiden, 2002 .
External links[link]
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| Kamal Heer | |
|---|---|
 Kamal Heer |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Kamaljeet Singh Heer |
| Born | (1974-01-23) January 23, 1974 (age 38) Halluwal, Punjab, India |
| Origin | Surrey, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Punjabi, Bhangra, Pop, Folk, Classical, Sad |
| Occupations | Singer and Music composer |
| Instruments | Chimta, Harmonium and Vocals |
| Years active | Singing: 2000–Present Music Director: 1993–2000 |
| Labels | Plasma Records (India) Kiss Records (UK) |
| Associated acts | Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| Website | Official website |
Kamaljeet Singh Heer aka Kamal Heer is a Punjabi musician. Born on 23 January 1973, he is the younger brother of Manmohan Waris (the eldest of the brothers) and Sangtar, two other esteemed musicians. His live performances showcase his virtuosity with taan and his command of the art of traditional Punjabi music. All three of Heer brothers are behind the formulation of Punjabi Virsa shows all over the world. These shows have become internationally famous. Also a talented composer, Kamal Heer has collaborated with his brother Sangtar to write music for their brother Waris. He is married to Gurjit Kaur Birring.
Contents |
Career[link]
Kamal Heer was born in the Village of Halluwal, Punjab, India. He learned music from Ustaad Jaswant Singh Bhanwra. After Kamal's family moved to Canada in 1990, Kamal and older brother Sangtar started composing music. In 1993 they composed music for Manmohan Waris's album, Gaairan Naal Penghan Jhotdiye which became a huge hit. Kamal continued composing till 1999.
Kamal's debut album, Kamli released in 2000, which mostly avoided success. In 2002 Kamal Heer released Masti-Kanthay Vala which became very successful especially the superhit song "Kanthay Vala". Kamal Heer released Masti 2 in 2003 which contained superhit tracks "Nachne Nu Kare Mera Ji", "Kinnu Yaad Kar Kar Hasdi", "Hick Da Taveet" and "Ishq Ne Kamle Karte".
Kamal Heer continued his success with Punjabi Virsa 2004-Toronto Live, a live album recorded in Toronto. The immense success of this live album lead to Punjabi Virsa concerts happening every year all around the world. Punjabi Virsa 2005, Punjabi Virsa 2006 and Punjabi Virsa 2008 have also been recorded live. After moderately successful studio albums, Masti Three (2006) and Chan Jiha Gabhru (2007), Kamal Heer released Jinday Ni Jinday in 2009. This album is considered his biggest hit to date. After the Punjabi Virsa 2009 tour of Australia and New Zealand Kamal is currently touring in Punjabi Virsa 2010.
Discography[link]
Kamli
- Released: January, 2000
- Format: Audio cassette, CD and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records, MagnaSound
- Writer: Malkiat Meet, Sangtar, Davinder Khannewala and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Masti-Kanthay Vala
- Released: December, 2002
- Format: Audio cassette, CD and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records, Music Waves
- Writer: Malkiat Meet, Davinder Khannewala, Debi Makhsoospuri and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Director: Myth & Magic, Baljit Deol
- Tracks: 10
- Singles: Kanthay Vala
Masti 2
- Released: November, 2003
- Format: CD, Audio cassette and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
- Singles: Nachne Nu Kare Mera Jee and Ishq Ne Kamle Karte
- Released: February, 2006
- Format: CD, Audio cassette and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and SM Sadiq
- Producer: Sangtar
- Director: Sandeep Sharma
- Tracks: 10
Chan Jiha Gabhru
- Released: December, 2007
- Format: CD and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur, Charan Likhari and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Director: Sandeep Dhaliwal, Azeem Parker, Rimpy Prince and Sandeep Sharma
- Tracks: 8
- Released: November, 2009
- Format: CD and digital download
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Jasbir Gunachauria, Sukhpal Aujla, Anil Fattegarh Jattan, Charan Likhari, Ninder Sher Khan, Preet Khetla and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Director: Robert Holbrook, Sandeep Sharma and Bhupi Syan
- Tracks: 8
Compilations[link]
Shaunki Mela 2003-Surrey Live (Recorded Live at Millenium Park, Surrey, Canada on June 21, 2003. Along with Manmohan Waris, Gurpreet Ghuggi and Sangtar)
- Released: August, 2003
- Format: DVD, VHS, CD and Audio cassette
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Shamsher Singh Sandhu, Charan Singh Safari, Kuldip Deep, Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala, Gurpreet Guggi, Jasbir Gunachauria, Mangal Hathur and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 29
Punjabi Virsa 2004-Wonderland Live (Recorded Live at Canada's Wonderland, Canada. Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar)
- Released: October, 2004
- Format: DVD and CD
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Mangal Hathur, Davinder Khannewala, Debi Makhsoospuri, Malkiat Meet, Jasbir Gunachauria and Kuldip Deep
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 28
Punjabi Virsa 2005-London Live (Recorded live at London, England. Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar)
- Released: November, 2005
- Format: DVD and CD
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Mangal Hathur, Davinder Khannewala and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 26
Masti Hits
- Released: August, 2006
- Format: DVD and CD
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur, Malkiat Meet and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
Punjabi Virsa 2006-Toronto Live (Recorded Live at the Hershey Center, Mississauga, Canada. Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar.)
- Released: December, 2006
- Format: DVD and CD
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Baba Bulleh Shah, Mangal Hathur, Davinder Khanewala, Sangtar and Jasbir Gunachauria
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 37
Moti Chun Ke (Sad Song Collection)
- Released: July, 2008
- Format: CD
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur, Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala, Malkiat Meet and Charan Likhari
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
Punjabi Reloaded (Along with Manmohan Waris.)
- Released: September, 2008
- Format: CD
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Joy & Atul
- Tracks: 12
Punjabi Virsa 2008 Vancouver Live (Recorded Live at Orpheum Theater, Vancouver, Canada on August 30, 2008. Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar)
- Released: February, 2009
- Format: DVD and CD
- Label: Plasma Records, Planet Recordz
- Writer: Prof. Mohan Singh, Debi Makhsoospuri, Mushtak Alam Goga, Jasbir Gunachauria, Charan Likhari, Mangal Hathur and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 27
Music videos[link]
| Year | Song | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Kamli | Kamli |
| Dila Meria | ||
| 2002 | Bhajjan Kurray | Masti-Kanthav Vala |
| Kanthey Vala | ||
| Yaad Aegi | ||
| Dhann Dhann | ||
| 2003 | Nachne Nu Kare Mera Ji | Masti 2 |
| Kinnu Yaad Kar Kar Hassidi | ||
| Ishq Ne Kamle Karthe | ||
| 2006 | Gaaia Na Karne | Masti Three |
| Akh Lar Gaee | ||
| Kaamad Bejeya | ||
| 2007 | Chan Jiha Gabhru | Chan Jiha Gabhru |
| Mar Gae Majajne[1] | ||
| Roz Ladna | ||
| Hathiar Na Chalaiye | ||
| Sharab Chon Disen | ||
| Moti Chunke | ||
| Majhay Diye Kudiye[1] | ||
| 2008 | Huss Ho Gia | Punjabi Reloaded |
| Chajju Da Chubara | ||
| Ik Gerha | ||
| 2009 | Jinday Ni Jinday(Vancouver) | Jinday Ni Jinday |
| Ik Boli | ||
| Jinday Ni Jinday(New Delhi) | ||
| Nashedi Dil | ||
| 2010 | Pendu Jatt | |
| TBA | Chetey Kareen |
Videography[link]
| Release | DVD | Record Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| August 2003 | Shaunki Mela 2003-Surrey Live | Plasma Records | Recorded Live in Surrey. Special Tribute Concert to Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki. Along with Manmohan Waris, Gurpreet Ghuggi and Sangtar |
| July 2004 | Plasma Framed Vol. 1 | Plasma Records | Videos Along with Manmohan Waris |
| October 2004 | Punjabi Virsa 2004-Wonderland Live | Plasma Records/Kiss Records | Recorded Live In Toronto Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| November 2005 | Punjabi Virsa 2005-London Live | Plasma Records/Kiss Records | Recorded Live In London Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| 2006 | Punjabi Virsa Behind The Scenes | Plasma Records | Making Of Whole Punjabi Virsa Tour, Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| December 2006 | Punjabi Virsa 2006-Toronto Live | Plasma Records/Kiss RecordS | Recorded Live In Toronto Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| February 2009 | Punjabi Virsa 2008 Vancouver Live | Plasma Records | Recorded Live in Vancouver Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
Live performances[link]
Concerts/Tours[link]
| Date | Concert/Tour | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| August 2003 | Shaunki Mela 2003 | Special Tribute Concert to Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki Along with Manmohan Waris, Sangtar and Gurpreet Ghuggi [2] |
| October 2004 | Punjabi Virsa 2004 | Toured Canada and the USA Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| May–June 2005 | Punjabi Virsa 2005 | Toured Europe Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar |
| April–October 2006 | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | Toured Australia, Canada, USA and Europe Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar[3] |
| August/September 2007 | Punjabi Virsa 2007 | Toured Europe Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar[4] |
| August/September 2008 | Punjabi Virsa 2008 | Toured Canada and the USA Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar[5] |
| August 2009 | Punjabi Virsa 2009 | Toured Australia and New Zealand Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar[6] |
| June–September 2010 | Punjabi Virsa 2010 | Is going to tour the UK in June and July 2010, USA in July and August 2010 and Canada in September 2010. Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar[7] |
Other[link]
| Date | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Parbat Ali Vijay Diwas | Special Concert for the Indian Armed Forces Along with Manmohan Waris |
| March 21, 2009 | 2009 Punjabi Music Awards | Performed During the Awards |
Awards and nominations[link]
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
| Year | Category | For | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Album of the Year | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | Won[1] |
| 2009 | Best Folk Pop Vocalist | Hathiyar Na Chalaiye | Lost |
| 2009 | Best Folk Pop Album | Moti Chun Ke | Lost |
| 2010 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Vocalist | Jinday Ni Jinday | Won |
| 2010 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Vocalist | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | Lost |
| 2010 | Best Folk Oriented Album | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | Won |
| 2010 | Best Duel Vocalists | Vasde Raho Pardesio (Along with Manmohan Waris and Sangtar) | Lost |
| 2010 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Album | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | Lost[8][9] |
References[link]
- ^ a b c [1][dead link]
- ^ http://www.sangtar.com/kamal/read.htm
- ^ http://www.plasmarecords.com/pv2006_news_left.html
- ^ http://www.plasmarecords.com/punjabivirsa2007.html
- ^ http://punjabivirsa2008.com
- ^ http://punjabivirsa2010.com/index-2.html
- ^ http://www.oneworldproductions.co.uk/Concerts/punjabi-virsa-tour-2010.html
- ^ http://ptcpmusicawards.com/smsvoting.htm
- ^ http://ptcpmusicawards.com/winner.html
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Heer, Kamal |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1974-01-23 |
| Place of birth | Halluwal, Punjab, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Kamal_Heer
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Heer
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2009) |
| Manmohan Waris | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Manmohan Singh Heer |
| Born | (1967-08-03) 3 August 1967 (age 44) Halluwal, Punjab |
| Origin | Surrey, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Punjabi, Pop, Sad, Bhangra and Folk |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Instruments | Vocals and Tumbi |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Labels | Plasma Records (India) Kiss Records (UK) |
| Associated acts | Sangtar, Kamal Heer |
| Website | manmohanwaris.com |
Manmohan Waris (Punjabi: ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਵਾਰਿਸ, Hindi: मनमोहन वारिस) (born 3 August 1967) is an award-winning Indian Punjabi folk/pop singer. Manmohan Waris was born in Halluwal, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. He is the elder brother of Sangtar (a renowned Punjabi record producer, musician & poet) & Kamal Heer (a renowned Punjabi Folk/Pop singer). Waris is considered one of the best in Punjabi music and is known as The King Of Bhangra[1]
Waris is married to Pritpal Kaur Heer and father to two children.
Contents |
Career[link]
Manmohan Waris was born in the Village of Halluwal, Punjab, India on 3 August 1967. He started to learn music at a very young age from Ustaad Jaswant Bhanwra. Soon, his family moved to Canada in 1990 where in 1993 he released his debut album, Gaairan Naal Penghan Jhotdiye. It became a colossal hit and Waris became a huge star with more huge hit albums after his debut. These included Sohniya De Laare, Hasdi De Phul Kirde, Sajjre Challe Muklave and Gali Gali Vich Hokay. In 1998 Manmohan Waris released the song Kite Kalli Beh Ke Sochi which is considered one of the biggest hits in the history of Punjabi music. Waris soon signed with Tips Music and released the album Husn Da Jadu on it in 2000. After the success of this album Tips released Manmohan Waris's Gajray Gori De and Dil Vatte Dil. Manmohan Waris then started his own record label, Plasma Records with Kamal Heer and Sangtar. He has released the majority of his music on the label since then. In 2004 Waris released "Nachiye Majajne" on Plasma Records. The album furthered his success and in the same year he toured in the "Punjabi Virsa 2004"tour. The tours success lead to "Punjabi Virsa" tours to happen every year. Some of the tours have had a concert recorded live and released. Following his studio album "Dil Nachda" in 2007, Waris's latest album, "Dil Te Na Laeen" released in Canada, United States and UK on 16 January 2010 and released in India on 23 January 2010. Waris is currently touring around the world with Punjabi virsa 2010.
Discography[link]
Gaairan Naal Penghan Jhotdiye
- Released: 1993
- Label: Catrack
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Debi Makhsoospuri and Sangtar
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
- Singles: Do Tara Vajda Ve
Sohniya De Laare
- Released: 1994
- Label: C M C, T-Series
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Hasdi De Phul Kirde
- Released: 1995
- Label: Peritone
- Writer: Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala, Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Sajjre Challe Muklave
- Released: 1996
- Label: T-Series
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Gali Gali Vich Hookay
- Released: 1997
- Label: Raja Entertainers
- Writer: Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala and Jasbir Gunachauria
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Mitran Da Sah Rukhda
- Released: 1998
- Label: T-Series
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Mitran Ne Bhangra Pauna
- Released: 1998
- Label: T-Series
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
- Singles: Mittran Ne Bhangra Pauna and Kitte Kalli Beh Ke Sochi Ni
Husn Da Jadu
- Released: 2000
- Label: Tips
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Debi Makhsoospuri, Malkiat Meet, Davinder Khannewala and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
Gajray Gori De
- Released: 2001
- Label: Tips
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 9
Dil Vatte Dil
- Released: 2003
- Label: Tips
- Writer: Mangal Hathur
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Nachiye Majajne
- Released: 2004
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
Dil Nachda
- Released: 2007
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 10
Dil Te Na Laeen
- Released: 16 January 2010
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Jasbir Gunachauria, Charan Likhari, Sukhpal Aujla, Preet Khetla and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Director: Sandeep Sharma,
- Tracks: 8
Hayee Mere Billo
- Label: Music Waves, T-Series
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Debi Makhsoospuri
Compilations[link]
Mega Waris
- Released: January 1996
- Label: MoviBox, Roma Music Bank
- Writer: Debi Makhsoospuri and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Thunder-Mix Monster Remixes
- Released: 1996
- Label: MoviBox, Roma Music Bank
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Sangtar, Jasbir Gunachauria and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
The Dance Master
- Released: 1998
- Label: MoviBox, Roma Music Bank
- Writer: Davinder Khannewala and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Manmohan Waris De Dard Bhare Geet
- Released: 2002
- Writer: Jasbir Gunachauria, Debi Makhsoospuri and Kamal Heer
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Shaunki Mela 2003 (Recorded Live at Millennium Park, Surrey, Canada on 21 June 2003. Along with Kamal Heer, Gurpreet Ghuggi and Sangtar)
- Released: August 2003
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Shamsher Singh Sandhu, Charan Singh Safari, Kuldip Deep, Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala, Gurpreet Guggi, Jasbir Gunachauria, Mangal Hathur and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 29
Punjabi Virsa 2004-Wonderland Live (Recorded Live at Canada's Wonderland, Canada. Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar)
- Released: October 2004
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Mangal Hathur, Davinder Khannewala, Debi Makhsoospuri, Malkiat Meet, Jasbir Gunachauria and Kuldip Deep
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 28
The Greatest Hits of Manmohan Waris
- Released: January 2005
- Label: MoviBox, Roma Music Bank
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Debi Makhsoospuri, Jasbir Gunachauria, Davinder Khannewala and Sangtar
- Producer: Kamal Heer, Sangtar
- Tracks: 11
Punjabi Virsa 2005-London Live (Recorded live at London, England. Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar)
- Released: November 2005
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki, Mangal Hathur and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 26
Punjabi Virsa 2006-Toronto Live (Recorded Live at the Hershey Center, Mississauga, Canada. Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar.)
- Released: December 2006
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Baba Bulleh Shah, Mangal Hathur, Davinder Khanewala, Sangtar and Jasbir Gunachauria
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 37
Laare Giniye (Sad Song Collection)
- Released: September 2008
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Punjabi Reloaded (Along with Kamal Heer.)
- Released: September 2008
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur and Davinder Khannewala
- Producer: Joy & Atul
- Tracks: 12
Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live (Recorded Live at Orpheum Theater, Vancouver, Canada on 30 August 2008. Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar)
- Released: February 2009
- Label: Plasma Records, Planet Recordz
- Writer: Prof. Mohan Singh, Debi Makhsoospuri, Mushtak Alam Goga, Jasbir Gunachauria, Charan Likhari, Mangal Hathur and Sangtar
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 27
Manmohan Waris-Forever
- Released: December 2009
- Label: T-Series
- Writer: Debi Makhsoospuri, Davinder Khannewala, Jasbir Gunachauria, Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Producer: Kamal Heer and Sangtar
- Tracks: 31
Punjabi virsa 2011 recorded live at Melbourne, Australia Coming out soon
Religious Albums[link]
Ardaas Karaan
- Released: February 2011
- Label: Music Waves
Chardi Kala Ch Panth Khalsa
- Released: April 1997
- Label: T-Series
- Writer: Debi Makhsoospuri
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Ghar Hoon Kitni Ky Doore
- Released: March 2003
- Label: Plasma Records
- Writer: Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki and Mangal Hathur
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 8
Tasveer-Live (Recorded Live at Raja Sahib, Jingra, Shahed Bhagat Singh Nagar, Punjab on 14 March 2006)
- Released: April 2006
- Label: Plasma Records, Kiss Records
- Writer: Mangal Hathur
- Producer: Sangtar
- Tracks: 9
Music videos[link]
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
| Year | Song | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Do Tara Vajde Ve | Gaairan Naal Penghan Jhootdiye |
| 1996 | Sajjre Challe Muklave | Sajjre Challe Muklave |
| 1998 | Mitran Da Sah Rukda | Mitran Da Sah Rukda |
| Mittran Ne Bhangra Pauna | Mitran Ne Bhangra Pauna | |
| Kalli Beh Ke Sochi Ni | ||
| 2000 | Husn Da Jadu | Husn Da Jadu |
| Ni Aja Bhabi Jhot | ||
| Ik Kudi | ||
| 2001 | Gajray Gori De | Gajray Gori De |
| Vichora | ||
| Phulkari De Sheeshe | ||
| Akh Teri | ||
| 2003 | Koka | Dil Vatte Dil |
| Dil Te Mar Gaye | ||
| Punjabi Shera | ||
| Ghar Hoon Kithni Ky Doore | Ghar Hoon Kithni Ky Doore | |
| Kalla Sardar Khada | ||
| Parbhat Feri | ||
| Talvar Khadki | ||
| 2004 | Nachiye Majajne | Nachiye Majajne |
| Dharti Te Chadra | ||
| Suti Pae Nu Hichkian | ||
| Punjabi Virsa | ||
| 2007 | Dil Nachda | Dil Nachda |
| Rabh Hi Jaanda | ||
| Laare Giniye | ||
| Ziada Pi Biathe | ||
| Kehnde Ne Siaane | ||
| 2008 | Gal Banu Banu | Punjabi Reloaded |
| Koke De Chamkare | ||
| 2010 | Mehsoos Ho Ria E | Dil Te Na Laeen |
| Khullay Khatay | ||
| Dhian Rukh Te Pani | ||
| TBA | Dhol Vajda Riha | |
| TBA | Dil Te Na Laeen | |
| 2011 |align="center"| Hayee Mere Billo | Hayee Mere Billo |- | Ishq Ho Gaya |
| Bas Kar Bas Kar | ||
| Kabaadi | ||
| Munde Munde | ||
| Sohniye Nee | ||
| Paundah Bhangra | ||
| Hayee Mere Billo | ||
| Jatt Samne Pyar | ||
| Maar Sutya | ||
| Jadoo | ||
| Tere Bina | ||
| Viah Ji Leaveman |
Videography[link]
| Release | DVD | Record Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 2002 | Best Of Manmohan Waris | T-Series | Music Videos of the best songs by Manmohan Waris |
| August 2003 | Shounki Mela 2003 | Plasma Records | Recorded Live in Surrey. Special Tribute Concert to Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki .Along with Kamal Heer, Sangtar and Gurpreet Ghuggi |
| July 2004 | Plasma Framed Vol. 1 | Plasma Records | Videos Along with Kamal Heer |
| October 2004 | Punjabi Virsa 2004 | Plasma Records/Kiss Records | Recorded Live In Toronto Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| November 2005 | Punjabi Virsa 2005-London Live | Plasma Records/Kiss Records | Recorded Live In London Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| 2006 | Tasveer-Live | Plasma Records/kiss records | Recorded Live in Raja Sahib,Jingra,Shahed Bhagat Singh Nagar |
| 2006 | Punjabi Virsa Behind The Scenes | Plasma Records | Making Of Whole Punjabi Virsa Tour, Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| December 2006 | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | Plasma Records/Kiss Records | Recorded Live In Toronto Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| February 2009 | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | Plasma Records | Recorded Live in Vancouver Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
Guest appearances[link]
| Year | Song | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Rang De Basanti Chola | Tips | Along With Sonu Nigam from Bollywood Movie, Legend Of Bhagat Singh[2] |
| December 2002 | Lok Boliyan | Venus | Along with Jazzy B with Parmjeet Parmaar, from Get Back Jazzy B |
Unofficial[link]
- Mahiya (Unofficial studio album, released in 1992)
- Kalli Beh Ke Sochi Ni (Remix) (Single)
Live performances[link]
Concerts/Tours[link]
| Date | Concert/Tour | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| August 2003 | Shaunki Mela 2003[3] | Special Tribute Concert to Dhadi Amar Singh Shaunki Along with Kamal Heer, Sangtar and Gurpreet Ghuggi |
| October 2004 | Punjabi Virsa 2004 | Toured Canada and the United States Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| May–July 2005 | Punjabi Virsa 2005 | Toured Europe Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar |
| April–October 2006 | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | Toured Australia, Canada, United States and Europe Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar[4] |
| August/September 2007 | Punjabi Virsa 2007 | Toured Europe Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar[5] |
| August/September 2008 | Punjabi Virsa 2008 | Toured Canada and the United States Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar[6] |
| August 2009 | Punjabi Virsa 2009 | Toured Australia and New Zealand Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar[7] |
| June–September 2010 | Punjabi Virsa 2010 | Is going to tour the UK in June and July 2010, United States in July & August 2010, Canada in September 2010. Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar[8] |
Other[link]
| Date | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Parbat Ali Vijay Diwas | Special Concert for the Indian Armed Forces Along with Kamal Heer[9] |
| 21 March 2009 | 2009 Punjabi Music Awards | Performed During the Awards[10] |
Awards, Honours and nominations[link]
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
| Year | Category | For | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | "Awaaz-e-Buland" | |||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | Album of the Year | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | Singer of the Year | Punjabi Virsa 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | Best Music Video | Larre Giniye | ||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Vocalist | Laare Giniye | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Vocalist | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Best Folk Oriented Album | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Best Duel Vocalists | Vasde Raho Pardesio (Along with Kamal Heer and Sangtar) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Best Folk Oriented Vocalist | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | ||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Best Non Resident Punjabi Album | Punjabi Virsa Vancouver Live | ||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | Lifetime Achievement Award | Jarkhar Khedan
External links[link]
References[link]
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http://wn.com/Manmohan_Waris
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Waris
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
