Øresund

Wednesday, 13 February 2013

Undervandsjagt i Øresund med Morten Villadsen

Oresund Bridge - Great Attractions (Denmark)

Øresund - makrel medefiske / Flötesmete makrill

Crossing Over - 10 years of the Øresund Bridge

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Amager
Amager ([ˈɑmɑːˀ] or, especially among older speakers, [ˈɑmæːɪ̯ˀɐ]) is a Danish island in the Øresund. The Danish capital, Copenhagen, is partly situated on Amager, which is connected to the much larger island of Zealand by five bridges.
Amager has long been populated, and well used, thanks to its rich soil and proximity to Copenhagen. In 1521, Christian II invited some Dutch farmers to move to Amager and grow vegetables to supply the Danish Court and Copenhagen. It was only in the late 19th century that Copenhagen began to expand onto the island (Sundbyerne), and in 1902 these built-up areas were incorporated into Copenhagen.
During the Second World War, high unemployment in Copenhagen led authorities to drain a large part of the sea, west of the island, and build a dam to hold out the water, effectively adding one half of Amager's previous area to the island.
The reclaimed area is currently known as Kalvebod Fælled, and was originally a military area, but today it is part of a major construction area called the Ørestad, being thought of as an extension to central Copenhagen. The area houses such major facilities as the Bella Center, a convention and exposition center, and Field's, the second-largest shopping center in Scandinavia. This project was initiated by the Danish government.

wn.com/Amager
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.

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Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/ or /ˈkoʊpənhɑːɡən/; Danish: København pronounced [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn] ( listen), Latin: Hafnia) is the capital of Denmark and its most populous city, with an urban population of 1,213,822 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)^[update]) and a metropolitan population of 1,935,746 (as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)^[update]). With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within this region, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö are growing into a combined metropolitan area. Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager.
First documented in the 11th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the beginning of the 15th century. During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.
Copenhagen is a major regional centre of culture, business, media, and science, as indicated by several international surveys and rankings (see International rankings below). Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy. Its strategic location and excellent infrastructure, with the largest airport in Scandinavia,Kastrup, located 14 minutes by train from the city centre, have made it a regional hub and a popular location for regional headquarters and conventions.

wn.com/Copenhagen
Danish straits
The Danish straits are the three channels connecting the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak. They transect Denmark, and are not to be confused with the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. The three main passages are:
By closer view there are five straits named belt (Danish: Bælt), the only ones in the world and several straits named sound (Danish, Swedish and German: sund). Where an island is situated between a belt and a sound, typically the broader strait is called belt and the more narrow one is the sound:
The Germanic word "sound" has the same root as the verb "to sunder" in the meaning of to separate. In Swedish language any strait is called "sund". In Norway hundreds of narrow straits separating islands and combining Fjords or outer parts of Fjords are named "Sund". Another explanation derives Sound from an ancient verb "sund" in the meaning of to swim. That way a sound is a swimmable strait.
With the denomination of fjords and other bays in North America (Prince William Sound) and New Zealand the European meaning of the word has been lost.

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Danish Straits
The Danish straits are the three channels connecting the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak. They transect Denmark, and are not to be confused with the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. The three main passages are:
By closer view there are five straits named belt (Danish: Bælt), the only ones in the world and several straits named sound (Danish, Swedish and German: sund). Where an island is situated between a belt and a sound, typically the broader strait is called belt and the more narrow one is the sound:
The Germanic word "sound" has the same root as the verb "to sunder" in the meaning of to separate. In Swedish language any strait is called "sund". In Norway hundreds of narrow straits separating islands and combining Fjords or outer parts of Fjords are named "Sund". Another explanation derives Sound from an ancient verb "sund" in the meaning of to swim. That way a sound is a swimmable strait.
With the denomination of fjords and other bays in North America (Prince William Sound) and New Zealand the European meaning of the word has been lost.

wn.com/Danish_Straits
Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.

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Great Belt
The Great Belt (Danish: Storebælt) is a strait between the main Danish islands of Zealand (Sjælland) and Funen (Fyn). Effectively dividing Denmark in two, the Belt was served by the Great Belt ferries from the late 19th century until the islands were connected by the Great Belt Fixed Link in 1997–98.
The Great Belt is the largest and most important of the three straits of Denmark that connect the Kattegat to the Baltic Sea. The others are the Oresund and the Little Belt.
The Great Belt is 60 km (37 miles) long and 16–32 km (10–20 miles) wide. It flows around two major islands: Samsø in the north and Langeland to the south. At Sprogø the Great Belt divides into the East Channel and the West Channel. Both are traversed by the Great Belt Bridge, but a tunnel also runs under the East Channel.
In pre-glacial times a river, which the Baltic Sea basin then contained, must have passed through the region. So also did the Eemian Sea, just prior to the last glaciation, which covered the entire region with ice thousands of metres (many more thousands of feet) thick. Today's topography is totally post-glacial. The Great Belt was eroded into existence by streams passing between the Baltic sea basin and the Kattegat. Currently it is a drowned channel.

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Helsingborg
Helsingborg (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛlsiŋˈbɔrj]) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It had 97,122 inhabitants in 2010. Helsingborg is the centre of an area in the Øresund region of about 320,000 inhabitants in north-west Scania, and is Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about 4 km to the west.
Between 1912 and 1971 the name of the town was officially spelled Hälsingborg (rather like Hälsingland but unlike Helsingør and Helsingfors (Helsinki)).
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, which has stood guard in Helsingborg for over 600 years, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.

wn.com/Helsingborg
Helsingør
Helsingør (Danish pronunciation: [hɛlseŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; often known in English-speaking countries by Shakespeare's spelling Elsinore) is a city and the municipal seat of Helsingør Municipality on the northeast coast of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. Helsingør has a population of 46,300 (1 January 2012) including the southern suburbs of Snekkersten and Espergærde. It is known internationally for its castle Kronborg, where William Shakespeare's play Hamlet is set.
The name Helsingør is derived from the word hals meaning "neck" or "narrow strait", referring to the narrow strait (Øresund, or The Sound) between what is now Helsingør and Helsingborg, Sweden. The Rerum Danicarum Historica (1631) claims that the history of Helsingør can be traced back to 70 BC, but this information is highly dubious. The people were mentioned as Helsinger (which may mean "the people of the strait") for the first time in King Valdemar the Victorious's Liber Census Daniæ from 1231, but they should not be confused with the Helsings of Hälsingland in Sweden. Placenames show that the Helsinger may have had their main fort at Helsingborg and a fortified landing place at Helsingør, to control the ferry route across the strait.

wn.com/Helsingør
Kattegat
The Kattegat (Danish, from Dutch, commonly used in English), or Kattegatt (Swedish) is a sea area bounded by the Jutland peninsula and the Straits islands of Denmark on the west and south, and the provinces of Västergötland, Scania, Halland and Bohuslän in Sweden on the east. The Baltic Sea drains into the Kattegat through the Øresund and the Danish Straits. The Kattegat is a continuation of the Skagerrak and may be seen as either a bay of the Baltic Sea, a bay of the North Sea, or, in traditional Scandinavian usage, neither of these.
According to the definition established in a 1932 convention signed by Denmark, Norway and Sweden (registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series 199 - 1933), the northern boundary between Kattegat and Skagerrak is found at the northernmost point of Skagen on Jutland and the southern boundary towards Oresund is found at the tip of Kullen Peninsula in Scania.
Waterways that drain into the Kattegat are the rivers of Göta älv at Gothenburg, together with the Lagan, Nissan, Ätran and Viskan from the province of Halland on the Swedish side, and the river of Gudenå from Jutland, in Denmark.

wn.com/Kattegat
Kronborg
Kronborg is a castle and star fortress in the town of Helsingør, Denmark. Immortalized as Elsinore in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Kronborg is one of the most important Renaissance castles in Northern Europe and was added to UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list on November 30, 2000.
The castle is situated on the extreme northeastern tip of the island of Zealand at the narrowest point of the Øresund, the sound between Denmark and Sweden. In this part, the sound is only 4 km wide, hence the strategic importance of maintaining a sea fortress at this location commanding one of the few outlets of the Baltic Sea.
The castle's story dates back to a stronghold, Krogen, built by King Eric VII in the 1420s. Along with the fortress Kärnan, Helsingborg on the opposite coast of Øresund, it controlled the entranceway to the Baltic Sea. From 1574 to 1585 King Frederick II had the medieval fortress radically transformed into a magnificent Renaissance castle. The main architects were the Flemings Hans Hendrik van Paesschen and Anthonis van Obbergen, whereas the sculptural work was coordinated by Gert van Groningen. In 1629 a fire destroyed much of the castle, but King Christian IV subsequently had it rebuilt. In 1658 Kronborg was besieged and captured by the Swedes who took many of its valuable art treasures as war booty. In 1785 the castle ceased to be a royal residence and was converted into barracks for the army. The army left the castle in 1923, and after a thorough renovation it was opened to the public.

wn.com/Kronborg
Kärnan
Kärnan (Danish: Kernen, both literally The Core) is a medieval tower in Helsingborg, Scania, in southern Sweden. It is the only part remaining of a larger Danish fortress which, along with the fortress Kronborg on the opposite of Oresund, controlled the entranceway to the Baltic Sea.
The origins of the Helsingborg fortress is disputed but Danish legend places its origin to the reign of the legendary King Fróði. However, this legend has not been supported by archaeological proof. Dendrochronological dating has shown that the core was built in the 1310s, when Eric VI of Denmark was King of Denmark. It was considered the most important fortress in Denmark, and was integral in securing control over the strait between Scania and Zealand.
It was surrendered to Sweden along with the rest of Skåneland as part of the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. The fortress was retaken by Danish forces in 1676 during the Scanian War, and its capture celebrated by flying a giant Flag of Denmark above it. This flag was later captured by the Swedish army and is preserved in the Army Museum (Armémuseum) in Stockholm. The fortress returned to Swedish control by the Treaty of Lund in 1679. Charles XI of Sweden ordered most of it demolished fearing that it was too exposed to a sneak attack from Denmark. The only thing that was saved for posterity was the old medieval tower core. The tower continued to serve as a landmark for shipping through Øresund.

wn.com/Kärnan
Malmö
Malmö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen)), in the southernmost province of Scania, is Sweden's third largest city by population after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and is one of the largest cities in Scandinavia.
Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 300,515 inhabitants in eight different localities, with 30% being of foreign origin (either born outside of Sweden or having both parents born abroad). Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in Burlöv Municipality. The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010.
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized Metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Scania. On 30 June 2008, its population was recorded to be 628,388. The region covers an area of 2,535.76 square kilometres (979.06 sq mi). The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, are Burlöv, Eslöv, Höör, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Skurup, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Trelleborg and Vellinge. Lund, with a municipal population of over 100,000 and home to one of Scandinavia's major universities, is together with Malmö the region's economic and education hub.

wn.com/Malmö
Middelgrundsfortet
Middelgrundsfortet is a sea fortress located in the Øresund between Copenhagen and Malmö. It was constructed 1890–94 as a part of Copenhagen's sea-fortifications, partly from material excavated from Frihavnen. It was the largest sea fortress in the World, and is still the largest man-made island without abutment, with an area, including wave breakers, of approximately 70 000 m²; the buildings total approximately 15 000 m². A HAWK battery was placed on the island. Until 1984 the fortress was a military area; in 2002 it was sold to a private investor.
The fortress is constructed at a seabed 7 meter below the water surface, at the northern meeting point of the straits Kongedybet and Hollænderdybet.
Ferries connect Middelgrundsfortet with Langelinie, Copenhagen.
Coordinates: 55°43′14″N 12°39′57″E / 55.72056°N 12.66583°E / 55.72056; 12.66583

wn.com/Middelgrundsfortet
Peberholm
Peberholm (literally "Pepper Islet", Swedish: Pepparholm), is a small artificial island located in the Danish part of the Øresund. It forms part of Tårnby municipality. It was created as part of the Øresund Bridge connecting Denmark with Sweden. Peberholm was constructed in the proximity of the small natural island of Saltholm (Salt Islet), and was affectionately named to complement it.
The main reason for constructing the island was to have a crossover point between the tunnel and the bridge.
The tunnel was built since a bridge spanning the entire link between Malmö and Copenhagen would have interfered with obstacle-free zones around Kastrup Airport. Another reason was to provide an opportunity for large ships to pass the Öresund without worrying about the height of the bridge. To make the Øresund Bridge higher would interfere with the freight train traffic.
The other main reason was that the Øresund had to be dug deeper in order not to decrease the flow of the water because of the bridge. The material was used to create this island. The area was so shallow, and the amount of material so large, that it was chosen to make the island as long as 4 km.

wn.com/Peberholm
Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( /ˈrɒtərdæm/; Dutch [ˌrɔ.tər.ˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam constructed in 1270 on the Rotte River, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre. Its strategic location at the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta on the North Sea and at the heart of a massive rail, road, air and inland waterway distribution system extending throughout Europe is the reason that Rotterdam is often called the "Gateway to Europe".
Located in the Province of South Holland, Rotterdam is found in the west of the Netherlands and at the south end of the Randstad. The population of the city proper was 616,250 on February 1st 2012. The population of the greater Rotterdam area, called "Rotterdam-Rijnmond" or just "Rijnmond", is around 1.3 million people. Rotterdam is one of Europe's most vibrant, multicultural cities. The city is known for its university (Erasmus), its cutting-edge architecture, its lively cultural life, its striking riverside setting, its maritime heritage and the Rotterdam Blitz.

wn.com/Rotterdam
Saltholm
Coordinates: 55°38′N 12°46′E / 55.633°N 12.767°E / 55.633; 12.767 Saltholm (Salt Islet) is a Danish island in the Øresund, the strait that separates Denmark and Sweden. It is located to the east of the Danish island of Amager in Tårnby municipality and lies just to the west of the sea border between Denmark and Sweden. It is 7 km long and 3 km wide, covering an area of 16 km², making it Denmark's 21st largest island. Saltholm is very flat; its highest point stands only 2 m (6 ft) above sea level, rendering it vulnerable to flooding if persistent east winds cause a tidal surge in the Baltic Sea. It is a relatively new landmass in geological terms, having risen from the sea about 4,000 years ago^{[citation needed]}. Saltholm is surrounded by a large area of shallow water (of 2 m depth or less) covering an area of 2,800 hectares. A series of islets, inlets and rock deposits from the last ice age appear at the south end of the island.
Its neighboring island to the south is the artificial island Peberholm (Pepper Islet), which is a part of the Øresund Bridge and was named to complement Saltholm.

wn.com/Saltholm
Scania
Scania ( Skåne (help·info) in Swedish) is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces (landskap) of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision (län) Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the province. The largest city is Malmö, which is also the third largest in Sweden and the administrative centre of Skåne County.
To the north, Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland, to the north-east Blekinge, to the east and south the Baltic Sea, and to the west the Öresund strait. Since 2000 a road and railway bridge, the Øresund Bridge constitutes a fixed link to the Danish island of Zealand. It is part of the transnational Öresund Region.
The province, up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, formed part of the kingdom of Denmark. The transition to Sweden was later confirmed by the Treaty of Copenhagen 1660, the Peace of Lund 1679, the Peace of Travendal 1700. The last serious Danish attempt to retake the province failed in 1710, after the Battle of Helsingborg. The period 1658–1720 saw widespread violence by the Swedish military against the population. The region did not form part of Sweden proper until 1720, but had the status of conquered "foreign land" until that year. Until the early 19th century, a policy of forced assimilation was employed by the Swedish government in what until then had been a linguistically Danish region.

wn.com/Scania
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak is a strait running between the southeast coast of Norway, the southwest coast of Sweden, and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea.
Both names Skagerrak and Kattegat are commonly held to be of Dutch origin. Skagerrak means in Dutch approximately 'Skagen Channel'. The Danish town of Skagen (The Skaw) lies at the northern tip of the Danish mainland. Rak means 'straight waterway' (compare the Damrak in Amsterdam); it is cognate to 'reach'. The ultimate source of this syllable is the Proto-Indo-European root *reg-, 'straight'. Rak means 'straight' in both modern Norwegian and Swedish. There is no evidence to suggest a connection to the modern Danish word rak (meaning rabble or riff-raff).
The Skagerrak is 240 km (150 mi) long and between 80 and 140 km (50 and 87 mi) wide. It deepens toward the Norwegian coast, reaching over 700 metres at the Norwegian Trench. Some ports along the Skagerrak are Oslo and Kristiansand in Norway and Uddevalla and Strömstad in Sweden.

wn.com/Skagerrak
Sound Dues
The Sound Dues (Danish: Øresundstolden, Swedish: Öresundstullen) were a toll on the use of the Sound which constituted up to two thirds of Denmark's state income in the 16th and 17th centuries. The dues were introduced by King Eric of Pomerania in 1429 and remained in effect until the Copenhagen Convention of 1857.
All foreign ships passing through the strait, whether en route to or from Denmark or not, had to stop in Helsingør and pay a toll to the Danish Crown. If a ship refused to stop, cannons in both Helsingør and Helsingborg could open fire and sink it. In 1567, the toll was changed into a 1-2% tax of the cargo value, providing three times more revenue.
In order to avoid ships simply taking a different route, tolls were also collected at the two other Danish straits, the Great Belt and the Little Belt; sometimes non-Danish vessels were forbidden to use any other waterways but the Øresund, and transgressing vessels were confiscated or sunk.
The Sound Dues remained the most important source of income for the Danish Crown for several centuries, thus making Danish kings relatively independent of Denmark's Privy Council and aristocracy. However, the dues were an irritant to nations engaged in trade in the Baltic Sea, especially Sweden. Sweden had initially been exempted from the dues at the time of their introduction because it was then in the Kalmar Union along with Denmark. However, after the Kalmar War and the Treaty of Knäred in 1613 Denmark introduced dues on cargoes from Sweden's Baltic possessions and on non-Swedish ships carrying Swedish cargo. The friction over the Dues was an official casus belli of the Torstenson War in 1643.

wn.com/Sound_Dues
Sweden
Sweden (ⁱ/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.

wn.com/Sweden
Øresund
The Sound (Danish Øresund, Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐsɔnˀ], or Swedish Öresund, pronounced [œrəˈsɵnd]), locally known as Sundet, is the strait that separates the Danish island Zealand from the southern Swedish province of Scania. Its width is just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) at the narrowest point between Kronborg Castle at Elsinore (Helsingør in Danish) in Denmark, and the northern harbour of Helsingborg in Scania, Sweden. The strait has also lent its name to the Øresund Region of 3.8 million inhabitants on both the Danish and Swedish sides.
Øresund is one of the three Danish Straits that connects the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak and the North Sea, and is one of the busiest waterways in the world.
The Øresund Bridge (which includes a 3 km tunnel) between Danish capital Copenhagen and the largest city of Scania, Malmö was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Ferries run around the clock between Helsingborg, Sweden and Helsingør, Denmark.

wn.com/Øresund
Øresund Bridge
The Øresund or Öresund Bridge (Danish: Øresundsbroen, Swedish: Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name: Øresundsbron) is a combined twin-track railway and dual carriageway bridge-tunnel across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark.
The bridge runs nearly 8 km (5 miles) from the Swedish coast to the artificial island of Peberholm, which lies in the middle of the strait. The remainder of the link is by tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager. The Øresund Bridge is the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe, and connects two major metropolitan areas: those of the Danish capital city of Copenhagen and the major Swedish city of Malmö. Furthermore, the Øresund Bridge connects the road and rail networks of Scandinavia with those of Central and Western Europe.
The international European route E20 crosses this bridge-tunnel via the road, and the Oresund Line uses the railway. The construction of the Great Belt Fixed Link – which connects Zealand to Funen and thence to the Jutland Peninsula – and the Oresund Bridge have connected Central and Western Europe to Scandinavia by road and rail. The Oresund Bridge was designed by the Danish architectural practice Dissing+Weitling.

wn.com/Øresund_Bridge
Øresund Region
The Øresund or Öresund Region (Danish: Øresundsregionen; Swedish: Öresundsregionen) is a transnational region in northern Europe, centred on the cities of Copenhagen and Malmö. Located by the shores of the Øresund strait and connected by the Oresund Bridge, the Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand constitute the Danish side, while Skåne County constitutes the Swedish side. The region has a population of 3,785,429 (1 January 2012) and a population density of 181/km².
Since the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658, Scania (Swedish: Skåne) has been part of Sweden; for most of the period from 800 to 1658, the Oresund Region was united under the flag of Denmark. In recent years, part of the population has stressed Scania's regional identity again, but Scanian separatism remains very limited and is not a political issue.^{[citation needed]}
The Oresund Region consists of both rural and urban areas. There are two metropolitan areas within the region, Greater Copenhagen and Metropolitan Malmö. Areas on the periphery of the region have a relatively low population density, whereas the two metropolitan areas of Copenhagen and Malmö are two of the most densely populated in Scandinavia, with approximately 2.6 million inhabitants together. Helsingborg also forms an important urban hub on the Swedish side. Although the southwest of Scania is sometimes called the Malmö-Lund area, these two cities remain distinct both geographically and culturally.^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Øresund_Region

Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania KG (1381 or 1382 – 3 May 1459) was King Eric (Eirik) III of Norway (1389–1442), King Eric VII of Denmark (1396–1439), and King Eric (Ericus) of Sweden (1396–1439; known there in history mainly as Erik av Pommern). He was the first King of the Nordic Kalmar Union, succeeding his adoptive mother Margaret I of Denmark.
Referring to Eric of Pomerania as King Eric XIII of Sweden is a later invention, counting backwards from Eric XIV (1560–1568), who adopted hs numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden. Going back into prehistory, it is not known how many Swedish monarchs were named Eric before this one (at least six were), so it would be speculative to try to affix a mathematically accurate one here.
Eric was a son of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania, and Mary of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His paternal grandparents were Boguslaw V, Duke of Pomerania and his second wife Adelheid of Brunswick-Grubenhagen. His maternal grandparents were Henry III, Duke of Mecklenburg and Ingeborg of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg. Henry was a rival of Olaf Haakonsson in regard to the Danish succession in 1375.

wn.com/Eric_of_Pomerania

Torsketur på øresund med let grej

Arrangør af fisketuren: megalops.dk - Gordon P. Henriksen Kutter: www.fishing.dk - Hanne B...

published: 28 Dec 2012

author: outdoordenmark

Torske samba på Øresund

Torskefiskeri fra trollingbåd på Øresund i november måned. Vi er med trollingskipper Peer ...

published: 29 May 2011

author: Torben Colling

Undervandsjagt i Øresund med Morten Villadsen

undervandsitetet.dk Undervandsjagt i Øresund blev igen lovligt i 2010 efter en lang proces...

published: 25 Apr 2010

author: Morten Rosenvold Villadsen

Oresund Bridge - Great Attractions (Denmark)

Take a tour of Oresund Bridge in Denmark -- part of the World's Greatest Attractions serie...

published: 12 Nov 2010

author: geobeats

"Mede makrel" brødrene Veiby - Episode 1 Øresund / Flötesmete makrill

Følg med i 10 minutters "fiskedagbog" ombord på småbåden "Rauma". September vejret er perf...

published: 05 Oct 2010

author: raumamann

Skjold På Øresund (HQ)

...

published: 28 Nov 2009

author: skjoldvedbaek

StorTorsk / øresund. uge7-2012

Brian Honore med StorTorsk / øresund uge7- 2012 Video by Kenny Rander....

published: 19 Feb 2012

author: Kenny Rander Nielsen

Torsketur i Øresund 9/1-2012

Jeg tog en solotur på Øresund efter torsk. Min fryser var begyndt at gispe efter fisk, så ...

published: 17 Jan 2012

author: BomBomVideo

Øresund - makrel medefiske / Flötesmete makrill

Tjek også min nye makrel video sep.2011 "Makrel mani" Denne video er fra 2009: Når jeg er ...

published: 05 Dec 2009

author: raumamann

Crossing Over - 10 years of the Øresund Bridge

...

published: 09 Mar 2010

author: jesperatoresundsbron

Oresund Bridge

The Öresund Bridge is a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge-tunnel across th...

published: 07 May 2009

author: alexatapsoft

The Öresund Bridge

The Öresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark...

published: 24 Mar 2006

author: Jerry Felcenloben

NIKOLAJ OG PILOTERNE - ØRESUND SAVNER DIG

NIKOLAJ OG PILOTERNE - ØRESUND SAVNER DIG...

published: 28 Sep 2010

author: Peacetricc

Øresund Space Collective - Slip Into The Vortex

From the album 'Slip into the Vortex' (2010)....

published: 25 Sep 2011

author: Thelema1906

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photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department

This undated photo released by the Los Angeles Police Department shows suspect Christopher Dorner, a former Los Angeles officer.

$1 million reward offered on information on ex-cop Christopher Dorner

Denver Post

11 Feb 2013

A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

photo: AP / Lee Jin-man

A South Korean man watches a TV news showing a file footage of North Korea's nuclear test at the Seoul train station in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2013.

‘North Korea conducts third nuclear test’

The Hindu

12 Feb 2013

A magnitude 5.1 “artificial earthquake” was reported near a nuclear test site in North Korea on Tuesday morning, with South Korean Defence Ministry officials telling local media that the seismic activity was the result of a third nuclear test conducted by the reclusive state ... The reported test has, however, not yet been confirmed by North Korean State media ... The move is set to heighten regional tensions ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama and daughters Sasha and Malia, attend a church service at Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C., on Inauguration Day, Sunday, Jan. 20, 2013.

North Korea nuclear test puts pressure on Obama

Irish Times

12 Feb 2013

JULIAN BORGER. North Korea’s and Iran’s ambitions to become nuclear powers may make US plans to cut its own warheads difficult to pass. President Barack Obama is expected to address the threat posed by North Korea in tonight’s state of the union speech, after news of Pyongyang’s third underground nuclear test triggered some last-minute rewriting of the presidential text ... Obama speech ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

An Indian woman weeps as she and other family members mourn next to the body of a relative who was killed in a stampede on a railway platform at the main railway station in Allahabad, India, Sunday, Feb. 10, 2013.

India stampede kills 36 at world's largest religious festival

Daily Press

11 Feb 2013

ALLAHABAD, India (Reuters) - A stampede at a railway station in northern India killed at least 36 Hindu pilgrims on Sunday, the busiest day of the world's largest religious festival at which some 30 million had gathered to wash away their sins in the sacred Ganges river. Twenty-seven of the dead were women, mostly elderly and poor. An eight-year-old girl was also crushed to death ... Daily Press Eyewitness ... M ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)

photo: AP / Riccardo De Luca

Pope Benedict XVI waves to faithful during his weekly audience in St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Wednesday, April 11, 2012.

Pope Benedict 'Will Not Interfere In Choosing New Pope'

Peace FM Online

12 Feb 2013

Pope Benedict XVI will not interfere in choosing his successor after his shock decision to resign at the end of the month, the pontiff's brother has said. Georg Ratzinger told the BBC the Pope would only "make himself available" if he were needed. Benedict said on Monday he would resign after nearly eight years as the head of the Catholic Church because he was too old to continue at the age of 85 ... But resignation is extremely rare....(size: 3.8Kb)

timeline:
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Research and Markets: City Travel Briefing: Copenhagen

Business Wire

20 Nov 2012

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (http.//www.researchandmarkets.com/research/87frqm/city_travel) has announced the addition of the "City Travel Briefing ... The majority of visitors come from neighbouring countries, particularily Sweden, as they can easily reach Copenhagen via the Øresund bridge, but strong growth is also noted for emerging markets such as Russia, China and the Middle East ... Product coverage ... Data coverage ... ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

German interest in Fehmarn Belt Link unabated (Confederation of Danish Industries)

noodls

24 Oct 2012

The Prime Minister of Schleswig-Holstein, Torsten Albig (left) met at DI with Danish Transport Federation Director Michael Svane (right). Schleswig-Holstein's Vice Premier and Minister for Justice, Culture and European Affairs Anke Spoorendonk is seen in the middle ... Enjoying the view of the Øresund Fixed Link to Sweden, Torsten Albig and his Danish host discussed opportunities and challenges in relation to the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link....(size: 3.4Kb)

Double Header Under the Failing Sun

CounterPunch

30 Jun 2012

Copenhagen. With alcohol, song, and fire, the celebration of Midsummer in Scandinavia tries to ward off the melancholy that can haunt the occasion. The beauty of the seemingly endless twilight marks a climax—the longest day of the year, but also an end. From here on darkness begins its long march to victory in late December ... Denmark’s direct neighbor across the Øresund places its Midsummer on the Friday nearest the longest day ... ....(size: 7.9Kb)

Move over, Sarah Lund: The Bridge star Sofia Helin interviewed

The Observer

13 May 2012

'Saga is so strange. I am completely her opposite ... Photograph. Maria Ramstrom/Maria Ramstrom for The Guardian ... In this The Bridge is no exception; starting with a body found midway on the Øresund bridge, which links Sweden and Denmark, viewers are quickly drawn in by a tangle of subplots, a serial killer with a social conscience, and an intriguing partnership between the single-minded Saga and her cheery Danish counterpart, Martin Rohde....(size: 12.9Kb)

A case study for a greenfield investment

Stockhouse

11 Apr 2012

Kryolitselskabet Øresund (A/S-KØ) *drilled 119 holes between 1965 and 1972, totaling 6,287 meters for an average hole depth of 53 meters ... Most of the Kryolitselskabet Øresund core still exists and is being protected in dry space by the Danish government ... Why, if Kryolitselskabet Øresund, Falconbridge and Cominco were working this nickel belt - ......(size: 9.0Kb)

Copenhagen with kids

Joy Online

11 Apr 2012

Danish culture gives children a beautifully natural place in society. Kids are, on the whole, neither spoilt nor overly scolded, and in Danish democratic tradition, they seem to be equal with adults ... Copenhagen is a brilliant city to discover with children ... Bright lights, thrilling rides ... A new aquarium named The Blue Planet, set to be the biggest in northern Europe, is due to open in 2013 on the shores of Øresund, north of the capital ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)

Captain of stranded ship was drunk

Jyllands Posten

23 Mar 2012

Empty tanker slammed into sandbar near Øresund Bridge travelling at full speed, authorities say The Russian captain of a Maltese-flagged oil and chemical tanker that slammed full speed into a sandbar just north of the Øresund Bridge yesterday was drunk... ... a sandbar just north of the Øresund Bridge yesterday was drunk....(size: 1.6Kb)

Only minor damage after mild wind storm

Jyllands Posten

29 Nov 2011

No injuries and only limited property damage reported after almost hurricane force winds batter the country Clean up crews had a busy night on Sunday responding to damages caused by the high winds that whipped across the country, though its... --> ... Despite winds dying down last night, water levels in the Øresund remain dangerously high on Monday morning and threaten to rise even further throughout the course of the day ... Windy and wild ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

The Way We Were

The New York Times

22 Nov 2011

Borderlines explores the global map, one line at a time.Tags.. borders, Europe, Greece, Irredentism. We live in a time of lead. Gone is the Golden Age. Today, things are bad. Tomorrow, they’ll be worse. Sound familiar? It should ... It is also a quite toxic one ... [4] Until the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), which ceded to Sweden all Danish lands east of the Öresund (the body of water now separating both countries; Øresund in Danish) ... Olivenza ... ....(size: 20.5Kb)

Øresund Bridge, Cam Ranh Bay

Denver Post

09 Oct 2011

Trevi Fountain. (Special to The Denver Post). 1.Tswana is a Bantu language spoken by the largest ethnic group in what landlocked country?. 2. The production of yerba mate, a tea made from an evergreen plant, is important to the economy of Misiones. This province is located in which country that borders Paraguay?. 3 ... 4 ... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ... 10 ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Roll with it: hire a campervan

The Guardian

25 Jun 2011

Campervanning is now a classic British holiday. What can you get and where should you go?. • Super vans. see our gallery of unusual campervans Man and a van … hire from Campers in Cornwall Campers in Cornwall. The vans ... They're all right-hand drive too, which comes in handy on Cornwall's narrow, winding roads ... Contact ... Cost ... Enjoy the long summer nights by heading into Germany and Denmark before slipping over the Øresund bridge into Sweden ... ....(size: 11.2Kb)

While the European left dithers, the right marches menacingly on

The Guardian

15 May 2011

It is hard not to be very uneasy. Every month, there is another milestone passed in the ever onward march of Europe's populist, anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim, nativist right. "If they want to turn Stockholm, Gothenburg or Malmo into a Scandinavian Beirut with clan wars, honour killings and gang rapes, let them do it. We can always put a barrier on the Øresund bridge," said Pia Kjaersgaard, leader of Denmark's People's party recently ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)

timeline:
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Straits of Denmark and the southwestern Baltic Sea, big sea-bridges in orange, sea tunnels in dark blue, dams in green. Øresund is at the top right.

The Sound (Danish Øresund, Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐsɔnˀ], or Swedish Öresund, pronounced [œrəˈsɵnd]), locally known as Sundet, is the strait that separates the Danish island Zealand from the southern Swedish province of Scania. Its width is just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) at the narrowest point between Kronborg Castle at Elsinore (Helsingør in Danish) in Denmark, and the northern harbour of Helsingborg in Scania, Sweden. The strait has also lent its name to the Øresund Region of 3.8 million inhabitants on both the Danish and Swedish sides.

Øresund is one of the three Danish Straits that connects the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak and the North Sea, and is one of the busiest waterways in the world.^[1]

The Øresund Bridge (which includes a 3 km tunnel) between Danish capital Copenhagen and the largest city of Scania, Malmö was inaugurated on 1 July 2000 by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Ferries run around the clock between Helsingborg, Sweden and Helsingør, Denmark.

1 Etymology
2 Streams, animals and salinity
3 History
4 Notable islands
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Etymology [link]

The oldest known name of the strait is urasu[n]ti which appears on a runestone from about 950 and it was locally known as Oresund in the 13th century.^[2] The strait is today called Øresund in Danish and Öresund in Swedish, informally Sundet in both languages. The prefix ør(e) means gravel beach and a sund is a sound or narrow seaway.

Streams, animals and salinity [link]

Øresund, being at the border between oceanic salt water (with a salinity of more than 30 PSU) and the Baltic sea (only 3–7 PSU) has rather unique water conditions. The streams are very complex, but the surface stream is often northbound (from the Baltic sea) which gives a lower surface salinity, though streams can change from one day to another. The average surface salinity is about 10-12 PSU in the southern part but above 20 PSU north of Helsingør. At the bottom of the sea, conditions are more stable and salinity is always oceanic (> 30 PSU) below a certain depth that varies between 10 and 15 meters. In the southern part, however, the depth is just 7–10 meters, and this is the definite border of oceanic salt water, therefore also a border for many maritine species of animals. In the central Baltic Sea only 52 known salt-water species resided compare with around 1500 in the North Sea. Close to 600 species are known to exist in at least some part of Øresund. Well-known examples include lobster and the burning jellyfish (of Cyanea Article); the latter can sometimes drift into the southwest Baltic sea, but it cannot reproduce there.

History [link]

Main article: Sound Dues

Political control of Øresund has been an important issue in Danish and Swedish history. Denmark maintained military control with the coastal fortress of Kronborg at Elsinore on the west side and Kärnan at Helsingborg on the east, until the eastern shore was ceded to Sweden in 1658. Both fortresses are located where the strait is just 4 kilometers wide.

In 1429 King Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues which remained in effect for more than four centuries, until 1857. Transitory dues on the use of waterways, roads, bridges and crossings were then an accepted way of taxing which could constitute a great part of a state's income. The Sound Dues remained the most important source of income for the Danish Crown for several centuries, thus making Danish kings relatively independent of Denmark's Privy Council and aristocracy.

Northern Øresund

Øresund Strait from Malmö

Notable islands [link]

Amager
Saltholm
Ven (also spelled Hven)
Peberholm - an artificial island
Middelgrundsfortet - an artificial island
Flakfortet - an artificial island
Gråen - a semi artificial island outside port of Landskrona

References [link]

^ Gluver, Henrik; Dan Olsen (1998). "2.7 Øresund Bridge, Denmark-Sweden". Ship Collision Analysis. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. ISBN 90-5410-962-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=t3DXmc-mFhEC&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=%F6resund+ship+traffic&source=bl&ots=xkD-4eUZTf&sig=-QaDFtJZ_uSjW-ICaKDoO11SIJQ&hl=de&ei=H0p1TI7YOIyAswbe8IiCBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false. "Øresund (the Sound) is, like the Great Belt, an important water way for the international ship traffic between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea."
^ "Udvalgte stednavnes betydning" (in (Danish)). Københavns Universitet. http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc#oeresund. Retrieved 2011-04-27.

Menefee, Samuel Pyeatt, "The Sound Dues and Access to the Baltic Sea" in Renate Platzoder and Philomene Verlaan (eds.), The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Co-Operation (1996), pp. 101–32.

External links [link]

Øresunddirekt - Official public information site for the inhabitants of the Øresund region
Øresund Trends - An official public information site with up-to-date information on the region, available in English
Øresundstid - The History of the Øresund Region (English, Swedish, Danish)

Coordinates: 55°45′N 12°45′E / 55.75°N 12.75°E / 55.75; 12.75

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Øresund

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Contents

Etymology [link]

Streams, animals and salinity [link]

History [link]

Notable islands [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

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