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Nordic Bronze Age
The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age) is the name given by Oscar Montelius to a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian pre-history, c. 1700-500 BC, with sites that reached as far east as Estonia. Succeeding the Late Neolithic culture, its ethnic and linguistic affinities are unknown in the absence of written sources. It is followed by the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
http://wn.com/Nordic_Bronze_Age -
Saxo Grammaticus
: "Saxo" redirects here. For the car, see Citroën Saxo and for the bank, see Saxo Bank
http://wn.com/Saxo_Grammaticus
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Denmark (; , , archaic: ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: ) together with Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy (commonly considered a part of Jutland), Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea; before the digging of the Kiel Canal, water passage to the Baltic Sea was possible only through the three channels known as the "Danish straits".
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
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The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden (all of which use a Nordic Cross flag) and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Svalbard and Åland. Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries, although within the Nordic countries the terms are considered distinct.
http://wn.com/Nordic_countries -
Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.8 million. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; and Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Sweden (pronounced , ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany, and Poland to the south, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia to the east. Sweden is also connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
http://wn.com/Sweden
- birch
- birch trumpet
- bog
- brass instrument
- bronze
- Bronze Age
- cattle
- Denmark
- embouchure
- farmer
- Germany
- headphones
- Iceland
- Latvia
- longboat
- Lurpak
- Lynge
- Middle Ages
- natural horn
- natural trumpet
- Nordic Bronze Age
- Nordic countries
- Norway
- rock paintings
- sagas
- Saxo Grammaticus
- Scandinavia
- sousaphone
- Sweden
- Swedish language
- telephone
- trombone
- war
- willow
- wind instrument
- wood
- Zealand (Denmark)

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Published: 19 Feb 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Nov 2011
- Author: Vikingskog

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Published: 16 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 19 Aug 2010
- Author: homerbailonvideos

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Published: 01 Jul 2008
- Uploaded: 27 Jun 2011
- Author: FredFredrik

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Published: 16 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: VardherToftaMard

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 21 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 20 Nov 2011
- Author: sitoprojects

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Published: 24 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 01 Dec 2011
- Author: SwingingRingaDing

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 16 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 18 May 2011
- Author: VIDEOYANcom

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Published: 14 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 17 Nov 2011
- Author: persiandudeee







- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:59
- Published: 28 May 2010
- Uploaded: 03 Oct 2011
- Author: werdd909the2nd

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Published: 14 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 05 Nov 2011
- Author: 1zapata111

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Published: 17 Sep 2009
- Uploaded: 27 Nov 2011
- Author: Mejdenovac

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Published: 14 Dec 2007
- Uploaded: 24 Nov 2011
- Author: estellajayne


- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:00
- Published: 14 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 11 Jul 2011
- Author: 1zapata111

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Published: 09 May 2010
- Uploaded: 03 Nov 2011
- Author: pradeepgaur007

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 29 Mar 2009
- Uploaded: 29 May 2011
- Author: paytotheorderofofof2
![[ENG SUB] Black Jack - [ENG SUB] Black Jack -](http://web.archive.org./web/20111208212012im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qBysKupfTDo/0.jpg)
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- 1st millennium BC
- birch
- birch trumpet
- bog
- brass instrument
- bronze
- Bronze Age
- cattle
- Denmark
- embouchure
- farmer
- Germany
- headphones
- Iceland
- Latvia
- longboat
- Lurpak
- Lynge
- Middle Ages
- natural horn
- natural trumpet
- Nordic Bronze Age
- Nordic countries
- Norway
- rock paintings
- sagas
- Saxo Grammaticus
- Scandinavia
- sousaphone
- Sweden
- Swedish language
- telephone
- trombone
- war
- willow
- wind instrument
- wood
- Zealand (Denmark)
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The name lur is particularly given to two distinct types of ancient wind instruments. The more recent type is made of wood and was in use in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages. The older type, named after the more recent type, is made of bronze, dates to the Bronze Age and was often found in pairs, deposited in bogs, mainly in Denmark and Germany. It consists of a mouthpiece and several pieces and/or pipes. Its length can reach between 1.5 meters and 2 meters. It has been found in Norway, Denmark, South Sweden, and Northern Germany. Illustrations of lurs have also been found on several rock paintings in Scandinavia.
A total of 56 lurs have been discovered: 35 (including fragmentary ones) in Denmark, 4 in Norway, 11 in Sweden, 5 in northern Germany, and a single one in Latvia.
Wooden lurs
The earliest references to an instrument called the lur come from Icelandic sagas, where they are described as war instruments, used to marshal troops and frighten the enemy. These lurs, several examples of which have been discovered in longboats, are straight, end-blown wooden tubes, around one meter long. They do not have finger holes, and are played much like a modern brass instrument.A kind of lur very similar to these war instruments has been played by farmers and milk maids in Nordic countries since at least the Middle Ages. These instruments, called in English a birch trumpet were used for calling cattle and signaling. They are similar in construction and playing technique to the war instrument, but are covered in birch, while the war instruments are covered in willow.
Bronze lurs
The bronze instrument now known as the lur is most probably unrelated to the wooden lur, and has been named by 19th century archaeologists, after the 13th century wooden lurs mentioned by Saxo Grammaticus.Bronze lurs date back to the Nordic Bronze Age, probably to the first half of the 1st millennium BC. They are roughly S-shaped conical tubes, without finger holes. They are end blown, like brass instruments, and they sound rather like a trombone. The opposite end to the blown one is slightly flared, like the bell on a modern brass instrument but not to the same degree. A typical bronze lur is around two metres long.
Lurs today
The word lur is still very much alive in the Swedish language, indicating any funnel-shaped implement used for producing or receiving sound. For instance, the Swedish word for headphones is hörlurar (hearing-lurs), and a mobile telephone might be referred to as a lur in contemporary Swedish (derived from telefonlur, telephone handset). The Danish butter brand Lurpak is named after the lur, and the pack design contains pictures of lurs.n.
See also
References
External links
Category:Natural horns Category:Nordic Bronze Age Category:Norwegian musical instruments Category:Woodwind instruments Category:Early musical instruments
da:Lur de:Lure (Blasinstrument) es:Lur fr:Lur (instrument) it:Lur (strumenti musicali) hu:Lur nl:Bronselur no:Lur pl:Lura (instrument muzyczny) sv:Lur uk:ЛурThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.