- published: 29 Apr 2014
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Deep sea communities are groups of organisms associated by a shared habitat in the deep sea. They remain largely unexplored, due to the technological and logistical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes. Because of the unique challenges (particularly the high barometric pressure, extremes of temperature and absence of light), it was long believed that little life existed in this hostile environment. Since the 19th century however, research has demonstrated that significant biodiversity exists in the deep sea.
The three main sources of energy and nutrients for deep sea communities are marine snow, whale falls, and chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.
Prior to the 19th century scientists assumed life was sparse in the deep ocean. In the 1870s Sir Charles Thompson and colleagues aboard the Challenger expedition discovered many deep-sea creatures of widely varying types.
The first discovery of any deep-sea chemosynthetic community including higher animals was unexpectedly made at hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific Ocean during geological explorations (Corliss et al., 1979). Two scientists, J. Corliss and J. van Andel, first witnessed dense chemosynthetic clam beds from the submersible DSV Alvin on February 17, 1977, after their unanticipated discovery using a remote camera sled two days before.
Our knowledge of the ocean has increased tremendously with the advent of new technologies. How deep-sea animals can exist in places where no food is produced has long been a mystery. The seafloor in the abyss off the coast of California was studied for 24 years, and these investigations are contributing to our understanding about how conditions at the surface of the ocean control deep-living biological communities. Video producer: Linda Kuhnz Script and narration: Linda Kuhnz Production support: Lonny Lundsten, Kyra Schlining, Nancy Jacobsen Stout Music: Cool Raindrops, composed by Score Studio Original journal articles: Kuhnz, L.A., H.A. Ruhl, C.L. Huffard, K.L. Smith. 2014. Rapid changes and long-term cycles in the benthic megafaunal community observed over 24 years in the abyssal north...
"Deep sea communities" are groups of organisms associated by a shared habitat in the deep sea. They remain largely unexplored, due to the technological and logistical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes. Because of the unique challenges , it was long believed that little life existed in this hostile environment. Since the 19th century however, research has demonstrated that significant biodiversity exists in the deep sea. The three main sources of energy and nutrients for deep sea communities are marine snow, whale falls, and chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Prior to the 19th century scientists assumed life was sparse in the deep ocean. In the 1870s Sir Charles Thompson and colleagues aboard the Challenger expedition discovered many de...
Review of some basic properties of the ecosystems found around deep sea hot vents and cold seeps. Developed for an introductory-level Oceanography course. To access versions with CC and scripts, go to: http://www.ccsf.edu/earthrocks Part of the Nekton & Benthos Series: Nekton & Benthos Feeding Methods Nekton: Whales, Fish, and More Benthos: Intertidal Zone Benthos: Crabs, Corals, and More Benthos: Deep Sea Vent & Seep Communities All these videos and more are available at: http://www.ccsf.edu/earthrocks
On the ninth remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dive of the Galapágos Rift 2011 expedition on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, the science team finally discovered the type of hydrothermal vent community they had been searching for. Clusters of tube worms, limpets, mussels, and anemones were seen to inhabit cracks in the lava bed where mineral-rich, geothermally heated water 'vents' out. Two species of tube worms were found in abundance: the giant Riftia pachyptila and also the much smaller, never observed in the Galápagos, Tevnia jerichonana. Brachyuran crabs, vent shrimp, and scale worms clung not only to the surrounding rock but also to the tube worms themselves in some cases. Extensive fields of dead and living clams surrounded the individual pockets of venting. Video courtesy of NOAA Okea...
Scientists have completed a successful two-week mission unlocking the secrets of Perth Canyon, a deep ocean gorge the size of the USA’s Grand Canyon. During this time, they discovered unusual deep-sea communities as well as an autonomous ocean glider that was lost for two years. A group of scientists from The University of Western Australia’s Oceans Institute set off on March 1 aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor for an expedition to Perth Canyon, an area where few others had gone before.
Dead whales that sink down to the seafloor provide a feast for deep-sea animals that can last for years. Previous research suggested that such "whale falls" were homes for unique animals that lived nowhere else. However, after sinking five whale carcasses in Monterey Canyon, researchers from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) found that most of the animals at these sites were not unique to whale falls, but were common in other deep-sea environments as well. The whale-fall communities also included a few very abundant animals that were "bone specialists," including 15 species of bone-eating Osedax worms and several newly discovered species of bone-eating snails. For more information, see: http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2010/whalefalls/whalefalls-release.html
Thousands of shipping containers are lost from cargo vessels each year. Many of these containers eventually sink to the deep seafloor. In 2004, researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) discovered a lost shipping container almost 1,300 meters (4,200 feet) below the surface of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. In the first ever survey of its kind, researchers from MBARI and the Sanctuary recently described how deep-sea animal communities on and around the container differed from those in surrounding areas. The red dots seen in some of the underwater footage are lasers mounted on the remotely operated submersible. The lasers are 29 cm apart and allow the scientists to estimate animal size. Video editor: Kyra Schlining Script and narration: Josi Taylor Pr...
Even at great depths, ocean floor sediments contain enormous amounts of water that can be forced out of the sea floor by tectonic processes at subduction zones. The water at these cold seeps often contains methane and hydrogen sulfide -- energy sources for specially adapted biological communities. Music: Sebastian Rahe German version: http://youtu.be/PqVbpziRGh0
Bill Nye discusses the discovery of hydrothermal vents on the ocean's floor
The world’s first ever deep sea mining operation is scheduled to begin offshore from the Pacific island nation of Papua New Guinea in early 2018. In this short film we explore how the two Pacific Island nations of Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu are working together with their communities to manage the future opportunities and impacts associated with this emerging industry. While deep sea minerals could provide much needed revenue for several Pacific Island nations, questions remain about the impacts of mining on the marine environment and the many communities that depend on it for their livelihoods.
‘There are definitely concerns about what mankind is doing in terms of disturbing the deep-sea floor with fishing and mining; and we really got to get the better grips on how we’re going to manage that.’ // Interview recorded in the SOPHIA Studio (www.sophia-mar.pt) during the Deep-Sea Biology Symposium (DSBS, Aveiro 2015). 00:18 About the DSBS 01:37 Deep-sea definition 02:04 Opportunities from DSBS 02:27 Students participation 03:12 Feedback on the DSBS 03:48 Key issues: human impacts in the deep-sea 04:40 Prospects for deep-sea research: funding Ashley Rowden is a Principal Scientist for marine benthic ecology at the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research in New Zealand. His research focuses on the ecology of deep-sea communities at a variety of habitats including seamou...
Research shows the seabed around many Pacific Islands contain minerals that may, if carefully managed, provide long term benefits for those in Pacific communities- this might include less reliance on aid or the development of infrastructure. The Pacific Community (SPC) in partnership with the European Union has been assisting countries that want to develop their blue economy by establishing National Offshore Minerals Committees. This 3 minute-long simpleshow (animated explainer video) explains how the Deep Sea Minerals Project supports Pacific Island countries in sustainably developing their seabed minerals resources. The video was produced in collaboration with GRID-Arendal.
Monitoring deep-sea benthic communities on large spatial scales: A collaborative leap towards ecosystem-based management of bottom contact fisheries
Monitoring deep-sea benthic communities on large spatial scales: a collaborative leap toward ecosystem-based management of bottom contact fisheries Dr Sean Cox, SFU Fisheries Centre Seminar Series November 28, 2014
Red Sea Coral Reef - Amazing World Under The Red Sea - History Channel HD Coral reefs are varied undersea ecological communities held with each other by calcium carbonate frameworks produced by corals. A lot of coral reefs are developed from stony reefs, which in turn consist of polyps that gather in groups. Unlike sea polyps, corals produce tough carbonate exoskeletons which support and safeguard the coral polyps. Frequently called "jungles of the sea", superficial coral reefs develop some of the most diverse environments on Earth. Paradoxically, coral reefs prosper even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that give couple of nutrients. They are most typically located at shallow depths in tropical waters, yet deep water as well as chilly water corals also already existing on smal...
This time out, the Pristine Seas team explore the Selvagens Islands, conducting among the first surveys of the islands’ underwater ecosystems—from shallow to deep—and filming the biodiversity around the islands. Located nearly midway between Madeira and the Canary Islands in the North Atlantic, this small archipelago is Portugal’s southernmost territory, comprised of two main islands and multiple islets. In recognition of their importance as a nesting point for numerous species of birds, the Selvagens Islands were designated as a natural reserve in 1971. However, little is known about the pelagic environment around these islands. As part of Portugal’s Madeira Nature Park, the waters surrounding the islands are protected out to 12 miles and only to the depth of 200 meters. While on expedit...
We are pleased to announce that Science and Wellness, in collaboration with Student Activities,will launch a series of science seminars at South Campus. The seminars will be geared toward freshman-level college students and will attempt to relate science to issues that matter to students. Seminars will be offered monthly and will be held in the PCAT (Performing Cultural Arts Theatre). “Deep Sea Mysteries: Monster Larva and the Evolution of Bioluminescence” Dr. Heather Bracken-Grissom, Florida International University, Dr. Bracken-Grissom will discuss her research on bioluminescent (glowing) organisms in the deep sea. Summary The ocean represents a mysterious realm ripe with novel life forms and undiscovered biodiversity. The organisms found in mid-water and deep-sea co...
◢ Travel to your inner and outer universes with our Deep Space Lucid Dreaming music embedded with multiple binaural beats and isochronic tones that will help your creative subconsciousness, enhance dream recall, triggers lucid and vivid dreaming and provides good deep sleep. This 8-hour long music track is divided into sections that follow the complete sleep cycle brainwave activity. The first stage assists you to achieve relaxation to fall asleep faster. The second stage triggers light REM where dreams can already occur. The third stage is will let your mind and body gain its much needed deep rest, and the fourth is for heavier REM, which is essential and important for recharging your entire system. As you relax, close your eyes and start imagining the cosmos, or the solar system, or even...
Author, photographer, academic and social historian, Alec Gill is best known in Hull for championing the social history of Hull's deep sea fishing community, which was centred around Hessle Road. from the '70's to the '90's his photography, books and videos helped preserve and popularise one of Hull's most colourful communities As he begins a new body of video work, we look back at how one man's vision literally changed our historical view.
◢ This 8 Hour binaural beat isochronic tone music track was specially created to provide you with good, sound and relaxing deep sleep. Using lovely, subtle music embedded with frequencies found in the Delta range, it will give effects of deep relaxation, stress and anxiety relief, and will leave you feeling blissful upon waking. It can give access and a deeper understanding to unconscious information, provides intuition, insight, and is even conducive to self-healing and personal growth. Using Neptune's orbit frequency, this gives the effects of spiritual love. You can listen to this track without earphones, as isochronic tones that are embedded in it don't require them, giving you the freedom from having to wear uncomfortable headsets. ◢ Find us on iTunes http://radi.al/BrainwavePowerMu...
www.GullahGeecheeNation.com #GlobalAfricanTribes #Gullah #Geechee #Mende #Gola #Kissi #Angola *** Emory Campbell is a renowned community leader among the Gullah people, African Americans who live in the coastal low country region of South Carolina and Georgia. The Gullahs have preserved more of their African linguistic and cultural heritage than any other black community in the US. Campbell was born and raised on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina before that island — now an internationally famous resort area — was connected to the mainland by a bridge. When he went to high school on the mainland in the 1950s, he discovered that his Gullah language was so "deep" that even his African American teachers had trouble understanding him and the other children from the islands. Campbell would l...
Join us on the web or in person for a live chat with scientists and educators on board the Exploration Vessel Nautilus as it explores a part of Galapagos that Darwin never saw: deep ocean communities and hydrothermal vents of the Galapagos Rift Zone. We’ll discuss the submarine geology and the thriving marine ecosystems in the deep sea and their connections to the kinds of animals, plants and geology that Darwin encountered when he sailed to the Galapagos Islands on the HMS Beagle in 1835. **Please note that we did have some problems with our audio connection to the ship that was 3000 miles away from the Exploratorium.**
Dr. Huber is a microbial oceanographer by training and is broadly interested in microbial ecology and understanding how microbial communities establish, function, and evolve in diverse ecosystems. Her research program investigates deep-sea microbial ecosystems with an emphasis on using crustal fluids to interrogate the rocky subseafloor habitat.
At night
I walk into the deep sea
I feel the waves
And sometimes
I see myself
Flowing among them
I heard weird lullabies from all around
But they're right here
There is a silence
Where there is no sound
There is a silence
Where no sound exists
In the cold waves
Under the deep, deep sea