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24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans () is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, France. Commonly known as the Grand Prix of Endurance, it is organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and runs on a circuit containing closed public roads that are meant not only to test a car and driver's ability to be quick, but also to last over a 24 hour period.
http://wn.com/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans -
A701 road
The A701 is a major road in Scotland that runs from Dumfries to Edinburgh.
http://wn.com/A701_road -
A75 road
The A75 is a major road in Scotland, heading west along the south coast of Scotland from its junction with the A74(M) motorway at Gretna. It continues past Eastriggs, Annan, Dumfries, Castle Douglas, Gatehouse of Fleet, Newton Stewart and Glenluce before ending at Stranraer.
http://wn.com/A75_road -
A76 road
The A76 is a major trunk road in south west Scotland.
http://wn.com/A76_road -
Ae, Scotland
http://wn.com/Ae_Scotland -
Alive radio
Alive radio is a community radio station for Dumfries broadcasting around the world on http://www.aliveradio.net and in Dumfries on 107.3FM
http://wn.com/Alive_radio -
Annapolis, Maryland
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It has a population of 36,524 (July 2008 est.), and is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington, D.C. Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city was the temporary capital of the United States in 1783–1784 and the site of the Annapolis Peace Conference, held in November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy. St. John's College is also in Annapolis.
http://wn.com/Annapolis_Maryland -
Ayrshire
Ayrshire (; , ) is a registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, United Kingdom, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. Its principal towns include Ayr, Kilmarnock and Irvine. The town of Troon on the coast has hosted the British Open Golf Championship twice in the last seven years and eight times in total. Approximately 200,000 visitors came to Troon during the 2004 Open. It was the members of Prestwick Golf Club who first created the British Open Championship in 1860 with the club hosting the event twenty-four times up until 1925.
http://wn.com/Ayrshire -
Barcelona
http://wn.com/Barcelona -
Beattock
The village of Beattock is located in the southern lowlands of Scotland, and lies within the administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway. It was an important stabling point for horses in the olden days with a coach house at one end of the village. It also boasts a bridge designed and built by Thomas Telford.
http://wn.com/Beattock -
Blackburn Rovers
http://wn.com/Blackburn_Rovers -
Bo'ness
'''Bo'ness, properly Borrowstounness''', is a coastal town in the Falkirk (council area) of Scotland, lying on a hillside on the south bank of the Firth of Forth. Prior to 1975 the town was in the former county of West Lothian. Formerly a centre of heavy industry and coal mining, and a major port, the town is now primarily a commuter town.
http://wn.com/Bo'ness -
Brig o' Doon
The '''Brig o' Doon''' is a late medieval bridge used as the setting for the final verse of the Robert Burns's poem ''Tam o' Shanter''. In this scene Tam is on horseback and is being chased by the Nannie the witch. He is just able to escape her by crossing the bridge (over a running stream) narrowly avoiding her attack as she is only able to grab the horse's tail which comes away in her hands.
http://wn.com/Brig_o'_Doon -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Cantù
http://wn.com/Cantù -
Carlisle, Cumbria
Carlisle (generally pronounced , locally ) is the county town of Cumbria, and the major settlement of the wider City of Carlisle in North West England. Carlisle is located at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril, south of the Scottish border. It is the largest settlement in the county of Cumbria, and serves as the administrative centre for both Carlisle City Council and Cumbria County Council. At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Carlisle was 71,773, with 100,734 living in the wider city.
http://wn.com/Carlisle_Cumbria -
Carrara
Carrara is a city and comune in the province of Massa-Carrara (Tuscany, Italy), famous for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 miles) west-northwest of Florence.
http://wn.com/Carrara -
Castle Douglas
http://wn.com/Castle_Douglas -
Criffel
http://wn.com/Criffel -
Cumbria
Cumbria (, locally ) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England, United Kingdom. Cumbria came into existence as a county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. The county consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a total population of just under half a million.
http://wn.com/Cumbria -
Devil's Beef Tub
The '''Devil's Beef Tub is a deep, dramatic hollow in the hills north of the Scottish town of Moffat. The 500-foot (150 m) deep hollow is formed by four hills, Great Hill (1527 ft, 465 m), Peat Knowe, Annanhead Hill, and Ericstane Hill. It is one of the two main sources of the River Annan; the other is from the neighbouring Hart Fell to the east. Its unusual name derives from its use by the Border Reivers to hide stolen cattle; it is also called Marquis of Annandale's Beef-stand''' after the Lord of Annandale, chief of the raiding "loons" (here meaning "lads", rather than "lunatics").
http://wn.com/Devil's_Beef_Tub -
Drumlanrig Castle
Drumlanrig Castle is a large country house near to Thornhill in Dumfries and Galloway in South-West Scotland. It is owned by the Duke of Buccleuch. Despite its name it is actually a baroque country house, and had no military function, although two earlier defensive castles had stood on the site. It was built between 1684 and 1691 for the 1st Duke of Queensberry.
http://wn.com/Drumlanrig_Castle -
Dumfries
Dumfries ( ) (according to one theory from the ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland and is situated close to the Solway Firth, near the mouth of the River Nith. Dumfries was the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. People from Dumfries are known colloquially as Doonhamers.Dumfies was once described by the comedian Paul Merton as the worse place in Britain he had ever visited.
http://wn.com/Dumfries -
Dumfries High School
Dumfries High School is a comprehensive school with a school roll of 1042 pupils and students. It is situated in a residential area of Dumfries, adjacent to the David Keswick Athletic Centre, which provides excellent facilities both for the school and the local community. Dumfries High School has been on this site since 1961, and has been expanded and improved since.
http://wn.com/Dumfries_High_School -
Dumfries, Virginia
Dumfries is a town in Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,937 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Dumfries_Virginia -
Dumfriesshire
http://wn.com/Dumfriesshire -
Ecclefechan
Ecclefechan (Eaglais Fheichein in Gaelic) is a small village in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway.
http://wn.com/Ecclefechan -
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Eskdalemuir
Eskdalemuir (moor of the valley of the River Esk) is a civil parish and small village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, with a population of 265.
http://wn.com/Eskdalemuir -
Galloway
Galloway (, or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) is an area in southwestern Scotland. It usually refers to the former counties of Wigtown (or historically West Galloway) and Kirkcudbright (or historically East Galloway). It is part of the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland.
http://wn.com/Galloway -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
http://wn.com/Great_Britain -
Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
http://wn.com/Grenada -
Gretna Green
Gretna Green is a village in the south of Scotland famous for runaway weddings. It is in Dumfries and Galloway, near the mouth of the River Esk and was historically the first village in Scotland, following the old coaching route from London to Edinburgh. Gretna Green has a railway station serving both Gretna Green and Gretna. The Quintinshill rail crash, with 227 deaths the worst rail crash in Britain, occurred near Gretna Green in 1915.
http://wn.com/Gretna_Green -
Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
http://wn.com/Hollywood -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Iowa
Iowa () is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland." It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World", however Iowa's economy, culture, and landscape are diverse. In the mid and late 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Des Moines is Iowa's capital and largest city.
http://wn.com/Iowa -
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
http://wn.com/Isle_of_Man -
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Kilmarnock
Kilmarnock () is a large burgh in East Ayrshire, Scotland, with a population of 44,734. It is roughly equidistant between Glasgow and Ayr, and is the second largest town in Ayrshire. The River Irvine runs through its eastern section, and the Kilmarnock Water passes through it, giving rise to the name 'Bank Street'.
http://wn.com/Kilmarnock -
Lake District
The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes and its mountains (or fells), and its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets.
http://wn.com/Lake_District -
Leeds
Leeds () is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city had a population of (). Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and according to the most recent Office for National Statistics estimates, Leeds is the fastest growing city in the UK.
http://wn.com/Leeds -
Locharbriggs
Locharbriggs ("Lochar bridge") is a former village which has expanded greatly to become a major suburb of Dumfries. Its population in the 2001 census was 5,530 and it has further expanded since then. When added to the Dumfries figure of 31,790, the overall pupulation of the urban area approaches 40,000 rather than the 31k which is normally quoted.i
http://wn.com/Locharbriggs -
Lochmaben
Lochmaben (Gaelic: Loch Mhabain) is a small town in Scotland, and site of a once-important castle. It lies four miles west of Lockerbie, in Dumfries and Galloway.
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Lockerbie
Lockerbie () is a town in the Dumfries and Galloway region of south-western Scotland. It lies approximately 75 miles from Glasgow, and from the English border. It is a small town, with a population of just 4,009 at the 2001 census.
http://wn.com/Lockerbie -
Machars
The Machars (Gd: Machair (Ghallghaidhealaibh); lit. "the Plains (of Galloway)") is a peninsula in Galloway in the south-west of Scotland. The word is derived from the Gaelic word Machair meaning low lying or level land, known as "links" on the east coast of Scotland. Although there are no high peaks in the Machars, it is not flat and would best be described as undulating or rolling. The North Atlantic Drift or Gulf Stream creates a mild climate in which plants normally associated with the Southern Hemisphere can thrive, and dolphins and basking sharks are frequently seen in the seas.
http://wn.com/Machars -
Maxwelltown
Maxwelltown () was formerly a burgh of barony and police burgh in the county of Kirkcudbrightshire in south west Scotland. In 1929 Maxwelltown was merged with Dumfries.
http://wn.com/Maxwelltown -
Minnesota
Minnesota () is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.27 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
http://wn.com/Minnesota -
Moniaive
Moniaive is a village in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway, near Thornhill, on the A702 road and B729 road. Population 520 (2004). The name is from Gaelic monadh-abh and means "Hill of Streams". It is situated at the northern end of the very scenic and tranquil Cairn Valley. It is within the parish of Glencairn and a bi-monthly newspaper, called the Glencairn Gazette and free for local residents, is produced by volunteers .
http://wn.com/Moniaive -
New Abbey
New Abbey is a village in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is around south-west of Dumfries. The summit of the prominent hill Criffel is to the south.
http://wn.com/New_Abbey -
Newton Stewart
http://wn.com/Newton_Stewart -
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway -
Opera
Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble.
http://wn.com/Opera -
Palmerston Park
Palmerston Park is a multi-purpose stadium on Terregles Street in Dumfries, south west Scotland. The site of the ground was formerly a farm called Palmers Toun. This is on the Maxwelltown side of the River Nith in Dumfries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Queen of the South F.C. The stadium holds 6,412 people. It also holds the currently tallest free standing floodlights in Scottish football, standing at 85 feet.
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Pan Am Flight 103
http://wn.com/Pan_Am_Flight_103 -
Peebles
Peebles () is a burgh in the committee area of Tweeddale, in the Scottish Borders, lying on the River Tweed. According to the 2001 Census, the population was 8,159.
http://wn.com/Peebles -
Quantico Creek
Quantico Creek is a tidal tributary of the Potomac River located in eastern Prince William County, Virginia. Quantico Creek's source lies southeast of Independent Hill, flows through Prince William Forest Park and Dumfries and empties into the Potomac at Possum Point.
http://wn.com/Quantico_Creek -
Sanquhar
Sanquhar (Scottish Gaelic An t-Seann Chathair: 'the Old Fort') is a town in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway, on the River Nith. It lies north of Thornhill and west of Moffat. It is a Royal Burgh.
http://wn.com/Sanquhar -
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
http://wn.com/Scotland -
Scottish Parliament
{{Infobox Legislature
http://wn.com/Scottish_Parliament -
Solway Coast
http://wn.com/Solway_Coast -
Solway Firth
The Solway Firth is a firth that forms part of the border between England and Scotland, between Cumbria (including the Solway Plain) and Dumfries and Galloway. It stretches from St Bees Head, just south of Whitehaven in Cumbria, to the Mull of Galloway, on the western end of Dumfries and Galloway. The Isle of Man is also very near to the firth. The firth comprises part of the Irish Sea.
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Stranraer
Stranraer (, ) is a town in the south of Scotland in the west of the region of Dumfries and Galloway and in the county of Wigtownshire.
http://wn.com/Stranraer -
Summerhill, Dumfries
Summerhill in Dumfries is a post war residential suburb on the West side of the town. It is located on the Maxwelltown side of the River Nith that runs through Dumfries. Summerhill is bounded by Terregles Road to the North, the streets that branch off Ellisland Drive to the East, the Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club to the South and West and also to the West by the disused Maxwelltown train station.
http://wn.com/Summerhill_Dumfries -
Sweetheart Abbey
Sweetheart Abbey (Gd: An Abaid Ur), south of Dumfries, near to the Nith in south-west Scotland, was a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1275 by Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway, in memory of her husband John de Balliol. His embalmed heart, in a casket of ivory and silver, was buried alongside her when she died - The monks at the Abbey then renamed the Abbey in tribute to her. Their son, also John, became king of Scotland but his reign was tragic and short. The depredations suffered by the Abbey in subsequent periods, have caused both the graves to be lost. The abbey, built in deep-red, local sandstone, was founded as a daughter house to Dundrennan Abbey; this Novum Monasterium (New Monastery), became known as the New Abbey.
http://wn.com/Sweetheart_Abbey -
Tarsus (city)
http://wn.com/Tarsus_(city) -
Terregles
Terregles is a village and parish near Dumfries, in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It lies in the former county of Kirkcudbrightshire.
http://wn.com/Terregles -
Tinwald, Scotland
Tinwald is a village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, lying a little north of Locharbriggs outside Dumfries.
http://wn.com/Tinwald_Scotland -
Twynholm
Twynholm is a small village in Kirkcudbrightshire, Dumfries and Galloway. It is located 3km (1.8 miles) north-north west of Kirkcudbright.
http://wn.com/Twynholm -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
West Sound FM
West Sound is a local radio station for Dumfries and Galloway, owned by Bauer Radio and operated by the West Sound Radio network. The station is also part of the Scottish Big City Network and broadcasts from studios at the Loreburne Shopping Centre in Dumfries on 97FM in Dumfries, 103FM in Kirkcudbright and the Machars and 96.5FM in Stranraer and online at www.westsoundradio.com.
http://wn.com/West_Sound_FM -
Wigtown
:It is not to be confused with the town in north-west England called Wigton
http://wn.com/Wigtown -
Wigtownshire
Wigtownshire or the County of Wigtown is a registration county in the Southern Uplands of south west Scotland. Until 1975, the county was one of the administrative counties used for local government purposes, and is now administered as part of the council area of Dumfries and Galloway. The county town was historically Wigtown, with the administrative centre moving to Stranraer - the largest town - on the creation of a county council in 1890. As Wigtown, the county forms the lieutenancy area of the Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown.
http://wn.com/Wigtownshire
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Allan McNish
| style="float:right; background:transparent;"
http://wn.com/Allan_McNish -
Andrew Coltart
Andrew John Coltart (born 12 May 1970) is a Scottish professional golfer.
http://wn.com/Andrew_Coltart -
Antoninus Pius
http://wn.com/Antoninus_Pius -
Arthur Conan Doyle
http://wn.com/Arthur_Conan_Doyle -
Barry Nicholson
Barry Nicholson (born 24 August 1978 in Dumfries, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Preston North End in The Championship.
http://wn.com/Barry_Nicholson -
Benjamin Bell
Benjamin Bell (1749 - 1806) was a Scottish surgeon. Bell was born in Dumfries and educated in that town. His family owned Blackett House in Middlebie Parish (Dumfriesshire), which Bell was later to sell to fund the education of himself and his family. He became an apprentice to a surgeon in Dumfries, before moving to Edinburgh in [1766] to study medicine at the University there under the tutelage of Alexander Monro (Secundus; 1733 - 1817), Joseph Black (1728-99) and John Hope (1725-86). He visited London and Paris shortly after becoming a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. After two years, he returned and worked in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary for 29 years and grew wealthy from private practice. Towards the end of the 18th Century, he published several important medical works.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Bell -
Bill Drummond
William Ernest Drummond (born 29 April 1953, Butterworth, South Africa) is a Scottish musician, media personality, record producer, writer and artist. He is best known as co-founder of late 1980s avant-garde "pop group" The KLF and its 1990s "avant-art" media-manipulating successor, the K Foundation, with which he burned a million pounds in 1994. He has also written several books, produced a variety of different conceptual art projects, and helped to set-up The Foundry, an arts centre in Shoreditch, London.
http://wn.com/Bill_Drummond -
Billy Houliston
William "Billy" Houliston (4 April 1921 – 10 February 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played for Crichton, Queen of the South, Berwick Rangers, Third Lanark and the Scotland national team.
http://wn.com/Billy_Houliston -
Bobby Ancell
Robert Francis Dudgeon Ancell (16 June 1911 – 5 July 1987) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played as a left back and was capped twice by the Scottish national side.
http://wn.com/Bobby_Ancell -
Caledonians
The Caledonians (), or Caledonian Confederacy, is a name given by historians to a group of indigenous peoples of what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras. The Romans referred to their territory as Caledonia and initially included them as Britons, but later distinguished as the Picts. The Caledonians were enemies of the Roman Empire, which was the occupying force then administering most of Great Britain as the Roman province called Britannia. The term Caledonii may derive from the Brythonic elements caled "hard, tough" plus the Celtic 'great' suffix, thus *caledonos "great, hard/tough person", *caledoni "great, hard/tough people". Alternatively, it may be derived from the Brythonic calet-donia, again meaning "hard/tough people".
http://wn.com/Caledonians -
Cammy Bell
Cameron "Cammy" Bell (born 18 September 1986) is a Scottish footballer. He plays for Scottish Premier League club Kilmarnock. Bell is a goalkeeper.
http://wn.com/Cammy_Bell -
Charles Darwin
http://wn.com/Charles_Darwin -
Craig Hamilton
Craig Peter Hamilton (born Dumfries 1 September 1979) is a Scottish international rugby union player, playing as a lock. He currently plays for the club rugby for Edinburgh Rugby, is 6 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 17 stones 8 pounds. He was previously with the Newcastle Falcons before moving to Edinburgh in the summer of 2005.
http://wn.com/Craig_Hamilton -
Danes
Danish people or Danes are a nation and ethnic group native to Denmark, who speak Danish. This includes people with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity, whether living in Denmark, emigrants, descendants of emigrants or members of the Danish ethnic minority in Southern Schleswig, a former Danish province.
http://wn.com/Danes -
Dave Halliday
http://wn.com/Dave_Halliday -
David Coulthard
David Marshall Coulthard, MBE, (; born 27 March 1971), sometimes known as DC, is a British former Formula One racing driver from Scotland.
http://wn.com/David_Coulthard -
David Murdoch
David Murdoch (born April 17, 1978 in Dumfries) is a Scottish curler from Lockerbie. Murdoch and his team of Ewan MacDonald, Warwick Smith, Euan Byers and Peter Smith were the 2006 and 2009 World Curling Champions.
http://wn.com/David_Murdoch -
Devorgilla
http://wn.com/Devorgilla -
Dominic Matteo
Dominic Matteo (born 28 April 1974) is a English footballer and a Scottish international. He has played most recently as a defender for Stoke City F.C., but is mostly remembered from his time at Liverpool and Leeds United. He still has cult hero status at Leeds, and Leeds fans still to this day regularly sing about his goal against AC Milan at the San Siro.
http://wn.com/Dominic_Matteo -
Dora Marsden
http://wn.com/Dora_Marsden -
Dougal Dixon
Dougal Dixon (born Dumfries, 1947) is a Scottish geologist and author. He studied geology and palaeontology at the University of St. Andrews and is best known for his illustrated works of speculative fiction, which largely concern "zoologies of the future": his own visions of how human beings and animals might evolve in millions of years' time.
http://wn.com/Dougal_Dixon -
Duncan Hodge
Duncan Hodge was born August 18, 1974 in Dumfries, Scotland. Educated at Merchiston Castle School, he won 26 caps playing at fly-half for the Scottish rugby union side between 1997 and 2002. He scored all of the points for Scotland in the 2000 Calcutta Cup win against England. He currently plays for the Edinburgh Gunners.
http://wn.com/Duncan_Hodge -
Edgar Atheling
http://wn.com/Edgar_Atheling -
Edward I
http://wn.com/Edward_I -
Edward Spence
Edward Spence VC (28 December 1837 - 17 April 1858) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
http://wn.com/Edward_Spence -
Elaine Murray
Elaine Murray (born 22 December 1954, Hitchin, Hertfordshire) is a Labour politician, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for Dumfries constituency since 1999. At the 1999, 2003 and 2007 elections, Dr Murray has continually increased her percentage share of the vote. She is currently Shadow Minister for the Environment in the Scottish Parliament.
http://wn.com/Elaine_Murray -
Euan Byers
Euan Byers (born 30 July 1974 in Dumfries, Scotland) is a Scottish curler.
http://wn.com/Euan_Byers -
Geoffrey Kelly
Geoffrey Kelly (born October 23, 1956 in Dumfries, Scotland) is a Canadian rock musician.
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_Kelly -
George Corson
http://wn.com/George_Corson -
Giric
http://wn.com/Giric -
Grant Hanley
Grant Hanley (born 20 November 1991) is a Scottish footballer who currently plays for Premier League club Blackburn Rovers as a defender at centre back.
http://wn.com/Grant_Hanley -
Hughie Gallacher
http://wn.com/Hughie_Gallacher -
Hunter Davies
Edward Hunter Davies (born 7 January 1936) is a prolific British author, journalist and broadcaster, perhaps best known for writing the only authorised biography of The Beatles.
http://wn.com/Hunter_Davies -
Ian Callum
Ian Callum is a British car designer who currently serves as Design Director for Jaguar and is older brother to fellow car designer Moray Callum. He is married, has two sons and currently resides in Oxfordshire, England.
http://wn.com/Ian_Callum -
James Crichton
:For James Crichton, the recipient of the Victoria Cross, see James Crichton (VC)
http://wn.com/James_Crichton -
James Edward Tait
James Edward Tait VC MC (27May, 1886, Dumfries, Scotland - 11 August 1918), was a Scottish/Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
http://wn.com/James_Edward_Tait -
James Hannay
James Hannay (17 February 1827 - 9 January 1873), novelist and journalist, was born at
http://wn.com/James_Hannay -
James Matthew Barrie
http://wn.com/James_Matthew_Barrie -
Jane Haining
Jane Haining (6 June 1897 - 17 July 1944) was a Church of Scotland missionary. She worked in Budapest, where she was arrested by the Nazis in 1944. She died in the concentration camp at Auschwitz later that year.
http://wn.com/Jane_Haining -
Jimmy McIntosh
http://wn.com/Jimmy_McIntosh -
Jock Wishart
Jock Wishart is best known for setting a new world record for circumnavigation of the globe in a powered vessel and for organising and leading the Polar Race.
http://wn.com/Jock_Wishart -
John Allan Broun
John Allan Broun, FRS (21 September 1817, Dumfries, Scotland – 22 November 1879), was a Scottish magnetician and meteorologist who carried out his studies on magnetism in India. One of the fundamental discoveries he made was that the Earth loses or gains magnetic intensity not locally, but as a whole. He also found that solar activity causes magnetic disturbances.
http://wn.com/John_Allan_Broun -
John Balliol
http://wn.com/John_Balliol -
John Hanson (singer)
John Hanson (August 31, 1922 - December 3, 1998) was a Canadian-born British tenor and actor who starred in several West End musicals during the 1950s and 1960s.
http://wn.com/John_Hanson_(singer) -
John III Comyn
http://wn.com/John_III_Comyn -
John Laurie
:For the Canadian mountain, see Mount John Laurie.
http://wn.com/John_Laurie -
John Mayne
http://wn.com/John_Mayne -
John McFarlane
John McFarlane was chief executive of the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. (ANZ), one of Australia's leading banks, after a decade of service, during which time he turned around the financial performance of the bank, and spearheaded an effort, called "Breakout", to transform the Bank. He retired in 2007.
http://wn.com/John_McFarlane -
John Paul Jones
http://wn.com/John_Paul_Jones -
Joseph Bell
http://wn.com/Joseph_Bell -
Joseph Ewart
http://wn.com/Joseph_Ewart -
Kelsang Gyatso
Kelsang Gyatso is a Buddhist monk, "meditation master, scholar, and author" of 22 books based on the teachings of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is the founder and former spiritual director of the New Kadampa Tradition ~ International Kadampa Buddhist Union (NKT-IKBU), a Western Buddhist order based primarily on the teachings of the Gelugpa tradition, albeit "not subordinate to Tibetan authorities other than Geshe Gyatso himself." The NKT-IKBU has grown to become a global Buddhist organisation that currently lists more than 200 centres and around 900 branch classes/study groups in 40 countries.
http://wn.com/Kelsang_Gyatso -
King Arthur
King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to Medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early sixth century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
http://wn.com/King_Arthur -
Malcolm Canmore
http://wn.com/Malcolm_Canmore -
Mark Cavendish
http://wn.com/Mark_Cavendish -
Mark Renshaw
Mark Renshaw (born 22 October 1982) is an Australian racing cyclist with UCI ProTeam .
http://wn.com/Mark_Renshaw -
Neil Oliver
Neil Oliver (born Ayr, 1967) is a Scottish archaeologist, historian, author and broadcaster. He grew up in Ayr and Dumfries before attending Glasgow University to study archaeology. He is best known as a presenter of the documentary series Coast.
http://wn.com/Neil_Oliver -
Nennius
Nennius was a Welsh monk of the 9th century.
http://wn.com/Nennius -
Nick De Luca
Nick De Luca born 1 February 1984 in Dumfries, south west Scotland is a rugby union player for Edinburgh Rugby in the Magners League.
http://wn.com/Nick_De_Luca -
Nicky Spence
Nicky Spence (born 1983) is a Scottish tenor performing in opera, oratorio and concerts.
http://wn.com/Nicky_Spence -
Nigel Sinclair
Nigel Sinclair is a Scottish producer of Hollywood films.
http://wn.com/Nigel_Sinclair -
Peter Ewart
http://wn.com/Peter_Ewart -
Picts
http://wn.com/Picts -
Robert Harkness
Robert Harkness (July 28, 1816 in Ormskirk, Lancashire – October 4, 1878), was an English geologist.
http://wn.com/Robert_Harkness -
Robert I of Scotland
http://wn.com/Robert_I_of_Scotland -
Robert the Bruce
http://wn.com/Robert_the_Bruce -
Robin Philipson
Sir Robin Philipson (1916 – 1992) was a Lancashire-born painter who was influential within the Scottish art scene for over three decades.
http://wn.com/Robin_Philipson -
Russell Brown
Russell Leslie Brown (born 17 September 1951) is a British Labour Party politician. He is Member of Parliament for Dumfries and Galloway.
http://wn.com/Russell_Brown -
Saxons
The Saxons () were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Their modern-day descendants are generally considered ethnic Germans, Dutch or English. They are primarily found in Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Saxony-Anhalt, Westphalia, Drenthe, Overijssel and England (the state of Saxony is not inhabited by Saxon descendants, and was so-named because it came to be ruled by Saxon feudal dynasty).
http://wn.com/Saxons -
Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Celtic Picts (east) and the Gaels (west), incorporating neighbouring Britons as well as Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.
http://wn.com/Scottish_people -
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A brilliant London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to take almost any disguise, and his forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes -
Sir Frank Williams
http://wn.com/Sir_Frank_Williams -
Sir James Anderson
Sir James Anderson captained the SS Great Eastern on the laying of the Transatlantic telegraph cable.
http://wn.com/Sir_James_Anderson -
Sophie B. Wright
Sophie Bell Wright (1866 - 6 April 1912) was a New Orleans, Louisiana, educator.
http://wn.com/Sophie_B_Wright -
St. Ninian
http://wn.com/St_Ninian -
Stephen Halliday
'''Stephen 'Stevie' Halliday''' from Dumfries in South West Scotland is the CEO of international energy & metals consultancy organisation Wood Mackenzie.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Halliday -
Stephen Jardine
Stephen Jardine (born 1963) is a Scottish television broadcaster, currently co-presenting STV's daily lifestyle programme, The Hour, alongside Michelle McManus. Born in Dumfries, Jardine is the son of the late Bill Jardine, a former Chairman of the town's Queen of the South football club. Stephen is a fan of the club.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Jardine -
Ted McMinn
Kevin Clifton "Ted" McMinn (born 28 September 1962) is a Scottish former association footballer who played as a winger. His nickname is The Tin Man.
http://wn.com/Ted_McMinn -
Thomas Carlyle
http://wn.com/Thomas_Carlyle -
Ursula Fleming
Ursula Fleming (born 1930 in Liverpool - died 1992 in London) was an English psychotherapist, and author; she was considered an expert in her field of work.
http://wn.com/Ursula_Fleming -
Walter Newall
http://wn.com/Walter_Newall -
William Symington
http://wn.com/William_Symington -
William Wallace
http://wn.com/William_Wallace -
Willie McNaught
Willie McNaught (born 7 May 1922 in Dumfries, date of death unconfirmed) is a Scottish former football player. McNaught holds the Raith Rovers record for the number of appearances with the club of 657 between 1941 and 1962. McNaught was club captain and at international gained five full Scotland caps and six Scottish League caps. McNaught's son is European Cup winning footballer Ken McNaught.
http://wn.com/Willie_McNaught -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I
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Old Dumfries - Tour from the 1980s - Alex Wilson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:11
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
In this early 80s movie Alex and his brother toured round dumfries in the car with a massive "camcorder" with a suitcase sized pack attached. Here is the film with a little colour correction to get rid of the heavy blue cast on the original footage. I suspect the camcorder white balance was set to indoor or auto and it didn't work out they were outside !
http://wn.com/Old_Dumfries_Tour_from_the_1980s_Alex_Wilson
OUR TOWN DUMFRIES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
A segment from the 1967 Border Television Series 'Our Town', focusing on Dumfries.
http://wn.com/OUR_TOWN_DUMFRIES
GUID NYCHBURRIS DAY DUMFRIES 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:07
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
A film about Guid Nychburris day in Dumfries Scotland. It was a very wet day but did not dampen the peoples spirits who turned out to watch a great parade. Thanks go to the organisers and all the people who took part in it. David Slater DRSVIDEOCLIPS p.art 2 to follow
http://wn.com/GUID_NYCHBURRIS_DAY_DUMFRIES_2012
Scotland's Towns - Dumfries
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:48
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
This series explores different towns in Scotland, and we learn about the historical and cultural backgrounds of each place. This episode focuses on Dumfries, which is a town rich in history and where many important events took place.
http://wn.com/Scotland's_Towns_Dumfries
RED -- Kaseem Saleem (Dumfries) v BLUE - Davie Drummond (Spartans WCB)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
RED -- Kaseem Saleem (Dumfries) v BLUE - Davie Drummond (Spartans WCB)
http://wn.com/RED_-_Kaseem_Saleem_Dumfries_v_BLUE_Davie_Drummond_Spartans_WCB
Old Dumfries, Scotland in pictures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
A collection of old photographs of Dumfries in South West Scotland....Please visit my webpage for further information about Dumfries www.loreburne.co.uk Many thanks to everyone on the "Old Dumfries" Facebook page https for the use of their pictures
http://wn.com/Old_Dumfries,_Scotland_in_pictures
Dumfries and Galloway College - Last days before demolition - 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:59
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Here is a short tour of the building on the last day staff had access to it. As far as possible I went through the whole building which is of course now gone. Filming was back in 2008. Edited on Lightworks 11 (my first attempt with this software) Soundtrack is Six Notes - BladePub rehearsal and Six Notes - Long Beach rehearsal www.sixnotes.co.uk
http://wn.com/Dumfries_and_Galloway_College_Last_days_before_demolition_2008
Tough Mudder Scotland UK 2012 - dumfries
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
tough mudder uk scotland 2012 july 14th saturday.... my bday :) participants Richard Broomhall (me) Kurt andrews Alastair mackinnon
http://wn.com/Tough_Mudder_Scotland_UK_2012_dumfries
Dumfries Legend Kirky doing his thing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Captain Kirk after a long day on the sauce
http://wn.com/Dumfries_Legend_Kirky_doing_his_thing
Classic cars Dumfries
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 31 Jul 2012
A film about the recent classic car festival of transport held in Dumfries Saturday and Sunday 28th 29 July 2012. There were over 200 exhibitors over the two days. The weather was mainly dry . There was a great deal of interest from the general public. The exhibitors had the chance to meet and have a chat to catch up over the year. Thanks go to the organisers of the classic car club and all the people that attended it over the two days making it a great success. DRSVIDEOCLIPS, David R Slater
http://wn.com/Classic_cars_Dumfries
Dumfries Remembrance sunday 2012 RBLS R
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Remembrance sunday in Dumfries with members of RBLS R ,freezing but with sun out scottish style.
http://wn.com/Dumfries_Remembrance_sunday_2012_RBLS_R
Inbetween:Dumfries - Border TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
5th November 2012
http://wn.com/InbetweenDumfries_Border_TV
Made In Dumfries 2013 Teaser.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
Welcome back folks...MADE IN DUMFRIES is returning with THREE massive shows. More details here - www.garrygossip.com
http://wn.com/Made_In_Dumfries_2013_Teaser
OLYMPIC TORCH COMES TO DUMFRIES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
A film about the Olympic torch visits Dumfries Scotland. Hundreds of people turned out early on Wednesday morning to welcome the Olympic torch coming to Dumfries. Thanfully it stayed dry for this memorable event. David Slater DRSVIDEOCLIPS
http://wn.com/OLYMPIC_TORCH_COMES_TO_DUMFRIES
DUMFRIES BUSES 1997
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
BUY DVD NOW PMP FILMS www.pmpfilms.com The world's largest range of transport hobby films
http://wn.com/DUMFRIES_BUSES_1997
Billy on Dumfries.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Billy on Dumfries........... I DO NOT CLAIM TO OWN THE RIGHTS FOR THIS
http://wn.com/Billy_on_Dumfrieswmv
Dumfries High Street 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Section of the High Street below the mid-steeple.
http://wn.com/Dumfries_High_Street_2012
A Drive Through Annan, Dumfries & Galloway 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
A drive through the town of Annan, this used to be a bottleneck for traffic travelling into and out of Dumfriesshire before the bypass road was built. Music is played by Kathryn Tickell on Northumbrian pipes.
http://wn.com/A_Drive_Through_Annan,_Dumfries_Galloway_2012
Surprise Yourself - The Taylor family head to Dumfries & Galloway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Watch the Taylor family experience a surprising adventure in Dumfries & Galloway, Scotland. For more ideas visit: www.visitscotland.com
http://wn.com/Surprise_Yourself_The_Taylor_family_head_to_Dumfries_Galloway
Silage 2012 2nd Cut Braehead Collin Dumfries.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:23
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
AQF Contractors Fendt 718 Vario (Wuffy) Pottinger Forage Wagon, Duetz Fahr ? Raking, Duetz Fahr Agrotran TTV 630 Front Buckrake, Alexandra Burke The Silence. Curtis Magee The Auctioneer.
http://wn.com/Silage_2012_2nd_Cut_Braehead_Collin_Dumfries
Drive to Kirkcudbright, Dumfries & Galloway 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
A drive along the A711 to Kirkcudbright.
http://wn.com/Drive_to_Kirkcudbright,_Dumfries_Galloway_2012
Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary Pipe Band Grade 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:52
- Updated: 04 Jul 2012
British pipe band championship, Annan 2012
http://wn.com/Dumfries_and_Galloway_Constabulary_Pipe_Band_Grade_2
Dumfries Fight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Dumfries row
http://wn.com/Dumfries_Fight
Photo: AP / Lefteris Pitarakis
12 Nov 2012
As the Euro group of finance ministers meet in Brussels on Monday to decide whether to grant Greece a further tranche of aid that could prevent imminent financial catastrophe for Greece, one economist...
Photo: AP / Mohammad Hussain
11 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Acts of terror that strikes fear in the hearts and minds of people, such as unexpected and secretive deadly drone strikes, are always wars against hope....
Photo: AP / Mónica G. Prieto
12 Nov 2012
NATO is ready to help member state Turkey as the 20-month conflict in Syria is increasingly spilling across the border, the alliance's chief Anders Fogh Rasmussen has said. "Turkey can rely on NATO...
Photo: US Army / by Pfc. Cameron Boyd
11 Nov 2012
KABUL (Reuters) - Pakistan hopes to persuade Afghan insurgent groups, including the lethal Haqqani network, to pursue peace but worries resistance from political factions opposed to the Taliban could...
Photo: US DoD / DOD
11 Nov 2012
WINDSOR Castle All-Age School in Portland has been given a leg up in its efforts to recover from the ravages of Hurricane Sandy on October 24. The Digicel Foundation is to provide the school with half...
Stranraer waterfront strategy put on hold
13 Nov 2012
BBC News
A revised investment strategy to regenerate Stranraer waterfront has been put on hold. The opposition Labour group has invoked a clause to bring the issue back to next full meeting of Dumfries and...(size: 1.3Kb)
BBC News
A ward at Borders General Hospital has been closed to admissions and one at Dumfries Infirmary...(size: 0.6Kb)
When in doubt ask the bus driver...
12 Nov 2012
Stuff
When in doubt, ask the bus driver... In August 1987 I visited Great Britain for the first time. I took not just my own luggage but a horribly heavy suitcase containing a stack of vinyl records. I was to deliver this to a friend's son at Cambridge University. I also had a large tape deck. This was to...(size: 2.8Kb)
Richmond Times Dispatch
DUMFRIES — A statue of the Marine Corps' most decorated member will be dedicated today. The Marine Corps...(size: 0.8Kb)
BBC News
A consultation is under way in Dumfries and Galloway as the public is asked to help identify council cuts of up to £27m...(size: 0.8Kb)
A murmuration of starlings: the sky at flight
12 Nov 2012
The Independent
A murmuration of starlings fills the air...(size: 0.3Kb)
David Dunstan obituary
11 Nov 2012
The Guardian
David Dunstan designed a medical centre in Dubai, a women's hospital in Qatar and converted an old Soviet building into a luxury hotel in Yerevan, Armenia...(size: 3.2Kb)
Gardeners told to burn fallen ash leaves
10 Nov 2012
The Daily Telegraph
Gardeners should burn fallen leaves from ash trees to help control the spread of the deadly dieback fungus, the Government has said. The ash: under threat Photo: ALAMY By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent, and Josie Ensor...(size: 17.5Kb)
Cottages to rent for a UK Christmas break
09 Nov 2012
The Guardian
Is it your turn to host Christmas, or theirs? Why not both forget it and escape to the country at one of these cute and comfortable cottages? Settle in for the festive season … Micklegate in Norfolk...(size: 7.8Kb)
Notice of Additional Public Hearing in Cambridge
09 Nov 2012
StreetInsider
Tweet TORONTO, ONTARIO -- (Marketwire) -- 11/09/12 -- The Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario has scheduled an additional public hearing in Cambridge to engage citizens in a discussion on possible changes to the boundaries of federal electoral districts in the area. In August, the...(size: 4.2Kb)
The Washington Post
Prince William County fully funded budget requests for Tuesday’s election, the local Electoral Board said in a statement Thursday, seeking to debunk claims from some local Democrats that long lines were intentional in some areas in order to suppress voter turnout. However, it remains somewhat...(size: 5.8Kb)
Heavy rainfall causes A75 closure at Twynholm
09 Nov 2012
BBC News
One of the main routes through Dumfries and Galloway has been closed near...(size: 0.5Kb)
The Washington Post
When Aidan Houston and Christian Passos asked Aidan’s father last summer whether he would help them start a soccer team, they had a simple goal: more time to play with their buddies. Ian Houston agreed to coach the team but challenged the boys to use soccer as a way to give something back to...(size: 3.9Kb)
For other uses, see Dumfries (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 55°04′12″N 3°36′11″W / 55.070°N 3.603°W / 55.070; -3.603
| Dumfries | |
| Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris | |
 Dumfries town centre. |
|
 Dumfries
Dumfries shown within Dumfries and Galloway |
|
| Population | 43,009 [1] (2001 census) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | NX976762 |
| Council area | Dumfries and Galloway |
| Lieutenancy area | Dumfries |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DUMFRIES |
| Postcode district | DG1/2 |
| Dialling code | 01387 |
| Police | Dumfries and Galloway |
| Fire | Dumfries and Galloway |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| EU Parliament | Scotland |
| UK Parliament | Dumfries and Galloway |
| Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale | |
| Scottish Parliament | Dumfries |
| South of Scotland | |
| List of places: UK • Scotland • | |
Dumfries (
i/dʌmˈfriːs/ dum-FREESS; possibly from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland. It is near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth. Dumfries was the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South.[2] People from Dumfries are known colloquially as Doonhamers.
Etymology[link]
There are at least two theories on the etymology of the name. One is that the name Dumfries originates from the Scottish Gaelic name Dún Phris which means "Fort of the Thicket". According to another theory, the name is a corruption of two words which mean the Friars’ Hill; those who favour this idea allege the formation of a religious house near the head of what is now the Friars’ Vennel.[3]
History[link]
Early history[link]
Located on the east side of the lowest crossing point of the River Nith, no positive information has been obtained of the era and circumstances in which the town of Dumfries was founded.[3]
Some writers hold that Dumfries flourished as a place of distinction during the Roman occupation of North Great Britain. The Selgovae inhabited Nithsdale at the time and may have raised some military works of a defensive nature on or near the site of Dumfries; and it is more than probable that a castle of some kind formed the nucleus of the town. This is inferred from the etymology of the name, which, according to one theory, is resolvable into two Gaelic terms signifying a castle or fort in the copse or brushwood. The district around Dumfries was for several centuries ruled over and deemed of much importance by the invading Romans. Many traces of Roman presence in Dumfriesshire are still to be found; coins, weapons, sepulchral remains, military earthworks, and roads being among the relics left by their lengthened sojourn in this part of Scotland. The apostle Paul claimed rank and privilege as a Roman citizen on account of his birth at Tarsus; the Caledonian tribes in the south of Scotland were invested with the same rights by an edict of Antoninus Pius. The Romanized natives received freedom (the burrows, cairns, and remains of stone temples still to be seen in the district tell of a time when Druidism was the prevailing religion) as well as civilization from their conquerors. Late in the fourth century, the Romans took farewell of the country.[3]
According to another theory, the name is a corruption of two words which mean the Friars’ Hill; those who favour this idea allege that St. Ninian, by planting a religious house near the head of what is now the Friars’ Vennel, at the close of the fourth century, became the virtual founder of the Burgh; however Ninian, so far as is known, did not originate any monastic establishments anywhere and was simply a missionary. In the list of British towns given by the ancient historian Nennius, the name Caer Peris occurs, which some modern antiquarians suppose to have been transmuted, by a change of dialect, into Dumfries.[3]
Twelve of King Arthur's battles were recorded by Nennius in Historia Brittonum. The Battle of Tribruit (the 10th battle), has been suggested as having possibly been near Dumfries or near the mouth of the river Avon near Bo'ness.
After the Roman departure the area around Dumfries had various forms of visit by Picts, Saxons, Scots and Danes culminating in a decisive victory for Gregory, King of Scots at what is now Lochmaben over the native Britons in 890.[3]
Medieval period[link]
When, in 1069, Malcolm Canmore and William the Conqueror held a conference respecting the claims of Edgar Atheling to the English Crown, they met at Abernithi – a term which in the old British tongue means a port at the mouth of the Nith. It has been argued, the town thus characterized must have been Dumfries; and therefore it must have existed as a port in the Kingdom of Strathclyde, if not in the Roman days. However, against this argument is that the town is situated eight to nine miles (14 km) distant from the sea.[3]
Although at the time a mile upstream and on the opposite bank of the Nith from Dumfries, Lincluden Abbey was founded circa 1160. The abbey ruins are on the site of the Bailey of the very early Lincluden Castle, as are those of the later Lincluden Tower. This religious house was used for various purposes, until its abandonment around 1700. Lincluden Abbey and its grounds are now within the Dumfries urban conurbation boundary.
William the Lion granted the charter to raise Dumfries to the rank of a Royal Burgh in 1186. Dumfries was very much on the frontier during its first 50 years as a burgh and it grew rapidly as a market town and port.[4] The land west of the Nith, Galloway, only securely became part of Scotland during Alexander II's reign in 1234:
Alexander III visited Dumfries in 1264 to plan an expedition against the Isle of Man, previously Scots but for 180 years subjected by the crown of Norway. Identified with the conquest of Man, Dumfries shared in the well being of Scotland for the next 22 years until Alexander's accidental death brought an Augustan era in the town's history to an abrupt finish.[3]
A royal castle, which no longer exists, was built in the 13th century on the site of the present Castledykes Park. In the latter part of the century William Wallace chased a fleeing English force southward through the Nith valley. The English fugitives met the gates of Dumfries Castle that remained firmly closed in their presence. With a body of the town's people joining Wallace and his fellow pursuers when they arrived, the fleeing English met their end at Cockpool on the Solway Coast. After resting at Caerlaverock Castle a few miles away from the bloodletting, Wallace again passed through Dumfries the day after as he returned north to Sanquhar.
It was not from Galloway but from England that most of Dumfries' problems came during its first 500 years. English armies variously sacked, plundered or occupied the town in 1300, 1448, 1536, 1542, 1547, 1570: and it suffered again during the strife of the 1640s.[4] In the invasion of 1300, Edward I lodged for a few days in June with the Minorite Friars of the Vennel, before at the head of the then greatest invasion force to attack Scotland he laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle. After Caerlaverock eventually succumbed, Edward passed through Dumfries again as he crossed the Nith to take his invasion into Galloway. With the Scottish nobility having requested Vatican support of their cause, Edward on his return to Caerlaverock was presented with a missive directed to him by Pope Boniface VII. Edward held court in Dumfries at which he grudgingly agreed to an armistice. On 30 October, the truce solicited by Pope Boniface was signed by Edward at Dumfries. Letters from Edward, dated at Dumfries, were sent to his subordinates throughout Scotland, ordering them to give effect to the treaty. The peace was to last till Whitsunday in the following year.[3]
Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce slew his rival the Red Comyn at Greyfriars Kirk in the town on 10 February 1306. His uncertainty about the fatality of his stabbing caused one of his followers, Roger de Kirkpatrick, to utter the famous, "I mak siccar" ("I make sure") and finish the Comyn off. Bruce was subsequently excommunicated as a result, less for the murder than for its location. Regardless, for Bruce the die was cast at the moment in Greyfriars and so began his campaign by force for the independence of Scotland. Swords were drawn by supporters of both sides, the burial ground of the Monastery becoming the theatre of battle. Bruce and his party then attacked Dumfries Castle. The English garrison surrendered and for the third time in the day Bruce and his supporters were victorious. He was crowned King of Scots barely seven weeks after. Bruce later triumphed at the Battle of Bannockburn and led Scotland to freedom. Today's Greyfriars Church was built in 1868, overlooking the site of the murder on the opposite side of Castle Street, marked by a plaque on a shop wall.[4]
Once Edward received word of the revolution that had started in Dumfries, he again raised an army and invaded Scotland. Dumfries was again subjected to the control of Bruce's enemies. Sir Christopher Seton (Bruce's brother in law) had been captured at Loch Doon and was hurried to Dumfries to be tried for treason in general and more specifically for being present at Comyn's killing. Still in 1306 and along with two companions, Seton was condemned and executed by hanging and then beheading at the site of what is now St Mary's Church.
The first bridge over the Nith, Devorgilla Bridge, named after the mother of King John Balliol, founder of Balliol College, Oxford, was built here in 1432. Rebuilt more than once and shortened from the east in the 19th century, this is still used by pedestrians and is one of Scotland's oldest standing bridges.[4]
Not all of Dumfries' bloody reputation was externally inflicted. Nine women were burned to death for witchcraft in the town in 1659, and two centuries later in 1868, Dumfries was the site of Scotland's last public hanging.[4] In 1659 ten women were accused of diverse acts of witchcraft by Dumfries Kirk Session although the Kirk Session minutes itself records nine witches. The Justiciary Court found them guilty of the several articles of witchcraft and on the 13 April between 2pm and 4pm in the afternoon they were taken to the Whitesands, strangled at stakes and their bodies burnt to ashes.[5]
Eighteenth century[link]
Opposite the fountain in Dumfries High Street, adjacent to the present Marks and Spencer, was the Commercial and later the County Hotel. Although the latter was demolished in the 1980s, the original facade of the building was retained and incorporated into new retail premises. Room No. 6 of the hotel was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie's Room and appropriately carpeted in the Royal Stuart tartan. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here during a 3-day sojourn in Dumfries towards the end of 1745. £2,000 was demanded by the Prince, together with 1,000 pairs of brogues for his kilted Jacobite rebel army, which was camping in a field not one hundred yards distant. A rumour that the Duke of Cumberland was approaching, made Bonnie Prince Charlie decide to leave with his army, with only £1,000 and 255 pairs of shoes having been handed over.[6]
Robert Burns moved to Dumfriesshire in 1788 and Dumfries itself in 1791, living there until his death on 21 July 1796. Today's Greyfriars Church overlooks the location of a statue of Burns, which was designed by Amelia Paton Hill, sculpted in Carrara, Italy in 1882, and was unveiled by future Prime Minister, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery on 6 April 1882.[7] Today, it features on the 2007 series of £5 notes issued by the Bank of Scotland, alongside the Brig o' Doon.[8]
The statue is just one of a series of associations with Scotland's most famous poet to be found in the town. Heading south past the Mid Steeple on the High Street, once the town tolbooth and prison, you come to a tiny vennel leading to the Globe Inn, his favourite drinking place. There is also Robert Burns' house at 24 Burns Street, South of the High Street, and his mausoleum in St Michael's Churchyard. On the west side of the River Nith is the Robert Burns Centre, housed in what was once the Dumfries Mill.[4] In the suburb of Summerhill the majority of streets are named with Burns connotations.
After working with Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, inventor William Symington intended to carry out a trial in order to show than an engine would work on a boat without the boat catching fire. The trial finally took place on Dalswinton Loch near Dumfries on 14 October 1788. The experiment demonstrated that a steam engine would work on a boat. Symington went on to become the builder of the first practical steamboat.
20th century and beyond[link]
The first official intimation that RAF Dumfries was to be built was made in late 1938. The site chosen had accommodated light aircraft since about 1914. Work progressed quickly, and on 17 June 1940, the 18 Maintenance Unit was opened at Dumfries. The role of the base during the war also encompassed training. RAF Dumfries had a moment of danger on 25 March 1943, when a German aircraft shot up the airfield beacon, but crashed shortly afterwards. The pilot, Oberleutnant Martin Piscke was later interred in Troqueer Cemetery in Dumfries town, with full military honours. On the night of 3/4 August 1943 a Wellington bomber with engine problems diverted to but crashed 1½ miles short of the Dumfries runway.[9]
In World War II the bulk of the Norwegian Army during their years in exile in Britain consisted of a brigade in Dumfries. When the army High Command took over, there were 70 officers and about 760 privates in the camp. The camp was established in June 1940 and named Norwegian Reception Camp, consisting of some 500 men and women, mainly foreign-Norwegian who had volunteered for war duty in Norway during the Nazi occupation in early 1940. Through the summer the number was built up to around 1500 under the command of General Carl Gustav Fleischer. Within a few miles of Dumfries are the villages of Tinwald, Torthorwald and Mouswald all of which were settled by vikings.
Dumfries has experienced two Boxing Day earthquakes. These were in 1979 (measuring 4.7 ML centred near Longtown)[10] and 2006 (centred in the Dumfries locality measuring 3.6 ML).[11]. There were no serious consequences of either. There was also an earthquake on 16 February 1984[12] and a further earthquake on 7 June 2010.[13]
Notable people[link]
Dumfries was the hometown of Robert Burns from 1791 until his death in 1796. The poet is now buried in St. Michael’s Churchyard in the Burns Mausoleum. Burns was born in Ayrshire and spent many years there before moving to Dumfriesshire.
A number of well-known people were educated at Dumfries Academy, among them Henry Duncan, founder of the world's first commercial savings bank, Sir James Anderson, who captained the SS Great Eastern on the Transatlantic telegraph cable laying voyages in 1865 and 1866,[14] James Matthew Barrie, author of Peter Pan, missionary Jane Haining, international diplomat Alexander Knox Helm, John Laurie, actor (Private Fraser in Dad's Army), artist Robin Philipson, singer John Hanson, Alex Graham, cartoonist best known for the Fred Basset series and Jock Wishart, who in 1998 set a new world record for circumnavigating the globe in a powered vessel.[15][16] Roger White, CEO of soft drinks group A G Barr is a local lad who went to Dumfries Academy. Stephen Halliday, as CEO of international energy consultancy outfit, Wood Mackenzie, is another alumni of the Dumfries Academy. Following William A. F. Browne's appointment at the Crichton hospital his son, James Crichton-Browne was educated at the Academy.
William Charles Wells, predecessor to Charles Darwin on the theory of natural selection was another schooled in Dumfries. Geologist Robert Harkness was schooled in Dumfries and subsequently resided in the town. Sir Frank Williams of F1 motor racing fame was educated at St Joseph's College, Dumfries as was Charles Forte, Baron Forte. St Joseph's was founded by Brother Walfrid, the founder of Celtic F.C.
Chart-topping record producer Calvin Harris is from Dumfries. Ray Wilson, lead singer of Stiltskin and later Genesis was born in Dumfries as were fellow musicians Geoffrey Kelly and Ian Carr. While Bill Drummond of KLF is from Newton Stewart he is one of the Queen of the South fans included here.[17] Emma's Imagination singer Emma Gillespie is from Dumfries. Opera singer Nicky Spence was born in Dumfries as was Britain's Got Talent singer Andrew Johnston. Nigel Sinclair CBE is a Hollywood film producer. Michael Carter's acting career has seen him appear in a variety or productions ranging from Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi to Rebus.
Dumfries has produced a steady stream of professional footballers and managers. The best known footballers of their eras to come from Dumfries are probably Dave Halliday,[18] Ian Dickson,[18] Bobby Ancell, Billy Houliston,[18] Jimmy McIntosh,[19] Willie McNaught and Ted McMinn.[18] Halliday, Dickson, Houliston and McMinn played for home town club, Queen of the South during their careers. Dominic Matteo[20][21] was born in Dumfries but moved to England while still a young boy. Barry Nicholson lost 4–3 to Queens playing for Aberdeen in the 2008 Scottish Cup semi-finals despite scoring[22] against the team he supported as a boy.[21] Ancell, Houliston, McNaught and Nicholson have represented Scotland and were joined in having done so in season 2010/11 by Cammy Bell and Grant Hanley. Matteo gained 6 full caps for Scotland[21] after having represented England at under-21 level. Halliday was overlooked by Scotland in favour of Hughie Gallacher.[18] Gallacher played for Queens but was not from Dumfries. It was as a manager rather than a player that Thomas Mitchell made his name as a multiple F.A. Cup winner at Blackburn Rovers[23] before joining Woolwich Arsenal as Arsenal F.C. were then named.
Dumfries is also the hometown of twice 24 Hours of Le Mans winner, Allan McNish,[24] as it was to David Leslie (racing driver).[24] Another racing driver, David Coulthard was born in Dumfries and raised in nearby Twynholm.[24] Scotland rugby union internationalists Duncan Hodge, Nick De Luca and Craig Hamilton were born in Dumfries as were professional golfers Andrew Coltart[25] and Robert Dinwiddie. Curling world champions David Murdoch, Euan Byers and Craig Wilson were all born in Dumfries. Former darts champion Rab Smith is another Doonhamer.
BBC Broadcaster Kirsty Wark was born in the town as was fellow broadcaster Stephen Jardine.[26] Neil Oliver (archaeologist, historian, author and broadcaster), grew up in Ayr and Dumfries. Author and earth scientist Dougal Dixon is from Dumfries. Hunter Davies (author, journalist and broadcaster) lived in Dumfries for four years as a boy.[27] James Hannay as well as being a novelist and journalist spent the last five years of his life as the British consul in Barcelona. John Mayne was born in Dumfries in 1759 and contributed in the field of poetry. World War I poet William Hamilton was another born in Dumfries.
Archibald Gracie, shipping magnate and business tycoon in USA, was from Dumfries. John McFarlane, CEO of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) originates from the town, as does Bill Nelson (DFP) who was also with the ANZ (formerly AMP, Westpac and now with AXA). The architect George Corson who worked mainly in Leeds, England, was born in Dumfries and articled to Walter Newall in the town.
Politician David Mundell was born in Dumfries as were William Dickson, William Pattison Telford, Sr. and Ambrose Blacklock all of whom made their mark politically in Canada. Malcolm H. Wright was also born in Dumfries, father of Sophie B. Wright – New Orleans' educator and pioneer for women and children's rights. Suffragette and feminist campaigner Dora Marsden spent the last 25 years of her life being cared for in Dumfries after her psychological breakdown. Dr Ian Gibson is another to leave his mark on politics.
James Edward Tait was a Dumfries-born recipient of the Victoria Cross. William Robertson and Edward Spence are other Victoria Cross recipients. Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, UK Prime Minister from 1812 to 1827, was quartered in Dumfries in 1796 during his military service.
John Richardson, naturalist, explorer and naval surgeon was born in Dumfries as was John Craig, mathematician, and polymath James Crichton. Benjamin Bell after being born in Dumfries went on to become considered the first Scottish scientific surgeon. His great grandson was Joseph Bell who Arthur Conan Doyle has credited Sherlock Holmes as being loosely based on from Bell's observant manner. Doyle's father, artist Charles Altamont Doyle, died in Dumfries. Thomas Peter Anderson Stuart left Dumfries to go on and found the University of Sydney Medical School. John Allan Broun's contribution to science were his discoveries around magnetism and meteorology. James Braid, surgeon and pioneer of hypnotism and hypnotherapy, practised in Dumfries from 1825 to 1828 in partnership with William Maxwell. Ian Callum is eminent in the world of motor engineer.
A Church of Scotland minister of Troqueer in Dumfries produced eleven children of whom some have made a notable mark. Peter Ewart was an engineer who was influential in developing the technologies of turbines and theories of thermodynamics. His brother Joseph Ewart became British ambassador to Prussia. John, a doctor, became Chief Inspector of East India Company hospitals in India. William, father of William Ewart, was business partner of Sir John Gladstones (sic), father of four times Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone junior was named after Ewart, his godfather.
Geography[link]
Like the rest of Dumfries and Galloway, of Scotland's three major geographical areas Dumfries lies in the Southern Uplands.
The river Nith runs through Dumfries toward the Solway Firth in a southwards direction splitting the town into East and West. At low tide, the sea recedes to such an extent on the shallow sloping sands of the Solway that the length of the Nith is extended by 13 km to 113.8 km (70.7 miles). This makes the Nith Scotland's seventh longest river. There are several bridges across the river within the town. In between the Devorgilla (also known as 'The Old Bridge') and the suspension bridge is a weir colloquially known as 'The Caul'. In wetter months of the year the Nith can flood the surrounding streets.
Dumfries has numerous suburbs including Summerhill, Summerville, Troqueer, Georgetown, Larchfield, Calside, Lochside, Lincluden, Newbridge Drive, Sandside, Heathhall, Locharbriggs, Noblehill and Marchmount. Maxwelltown to the west of the river Nith, was formerly a Burgh in its own right within The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright (also known as Kirkcudbrightshire) until its incorporation into Dumfries in 1928; Summerhill, Troqueer, Lochside, Lincluden, Sandside are among other suburbs located on the Maxwelltown side of the river. Palmerston Park, home to the town's senior football team Queen of the South, is on Terregles Street, also on the Maxwelltown side of the river.
Queensberry Square and High Street are the central focal points of the town and this area hosts many of the historical, social and commercial enterprises and events of Dumfries. During the 1990s, these areas enjoyed various aesthetic recognitions from organisations including Britain in Bloom.
Climate[link]
As with the rest of the British Isles and Scotland, Dumfries experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. It is one of the less snowy locations in Scotland owing to its sheltered, low lying position in the South West of the country. From 1908 until 2003, the town held the record for the highest temperature reading in Scotland, 32.8 °C (91.0 °F).[28]
| Climate data for Dumfries 49m asl, 1961-1990, extremes 1951-1980 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
8.6 (47.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.0 (41.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.8 (37.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−9 (16) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 110 (4.33) |
76 (2.99) |
81 (3.19) |
53 (2.09) |
72 (2.83) |
63 (2.48) |
71 (2.8) |
93 (3.66) |
104 (4.09) |
117 (4.61) |
100 (3.94) |
107 (4.21) |
1,047 (41.22) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 44.7 | 68.7 | 98.4 | 145.0 | 180.1 | 176.7 | 162.2 | 156.7 | 110.8 | 89.8 | 61.5 | 37.9 | 1,333.5 |
| Source no. 1: Met Office[29] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: ScotClim[30] | |||||||||||||
Governance[link]
Scottish communities granted Royal Burgh status by the monarch guarded the honour jealously and with vigour. Riding the Marches maintains the tradition of an occasion that was, in its day, of great importance. Dumfries has been a Royal Burgh since 1186, its charter being granted by King William the Lion in a move that ensured the loyalty of its citizens to the Monarch.
Although far from the centre of power in Scotland, Dumfries had obvious strategic significance sitting as it does on the edge of Galloway and being the centre of control for the south west of Scotland.
With the River Nith on two sides and the Lochar Moss on another, Dumfries was a town with good natural defences. Consequently it was never completely walled. A careful eye still had to be kept on the clearly defined boundaries of the burgh, a task that had to be taken each year by the Provost, Baillies, Burgesses and others within the town.
Neighbouring landowners might try to encroach on the town boundaries, or the Marches as they were known, moving them back 100 yards or so to their own benefit. It had to be made clear to anyone thinking of or trying to encroach that they dare not do so.
In return for the Royal status of the town and the favour of the King, the Provost and his council, along with other worthies of the town had to be diligent in ensuring the boundaries were strictly observed. Although steeped in history, Scotland's burghs remained the foundation of the country's system of local government for centuries. Burgh status conferred on its citizens the right to elect their own town councils, run their own affairs and raise their own local taxes or rates.
In 1974 the burghs became part of larger districts and regions. Those boundaries lost the significance they were granted by Royal statute. Ancient titles like Provost and Bailie were discarded or retained only for ceremonial purposes. Robes and chains often found their way into museums as a reminder of the past.
Dumfries remains a centre of local government for a much bigger area than just the town itself. But its people, the Doonhamers still retain a pride in their town and distinctive identity. This is never more so than during the week long Guid Nychburris Festival and its highlight the Riding of the Marches which takes place on the third Saturday in June each year.
Dumfries hosts the headquarters of Dumfries and Galloway Council. The name Dumfries and Galloway is given to one of Scotland's 32 council areas comprising the former (1975–96) districts of Nithsdale, Annandale and Eskdale, the Stewartry of Kirkcudbrightshire, the Machars and Wigtownshire. Dumfries also lends its name to the Lieutenancy Area of Dumfries, which is similar in boundaries to the former Dumfriesshire county.
Dumfries and Galloway is represented in Westminster by Russell Brown MP. Dumfries is contained within two separate constituencies within the Scottish parliament – Dumfriesshire and Galloway, and Upper Nithsdale. Dumfriesshire is represented by Elaine Murray MSP while Galloway and Upper Nithsdale is represented by Alex Fergusson MSP.
Dumfries is centre to Scotland’s smallest police force.[31] It took part in one of the largest criminal investigations in modern history when neighbouring town, Lockerbie, was devastated by the events that took place on board Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988.
Economy[link]
Dumfries has a long history as a county town, and as the market town of a surrounding rural hinterland.
Dumfries is a relatively prosperous community but the town centre has been exposed to the centrifugal forces that have seen retail, business, educational, residential and other uses gravitate towards the town's urban fringe.[32] This was started in the 1980s with the building of the Dumfries bypass. The immediate effect of this was as intended the diversion of traffic away from transiting via the town centre. This brought with it an accompanying reduction in economic input to the town centre. The second effect of this has been more pronounced. Sites close to the bypass have attracted development to utilise the bypass as a high speed urban highway without the bottlenecks of the town centre and without the constraining limited town centre parking.
In a bid to stimulate development in Dumfries town centre, both economically and in a social context, several strategies have been proposed by the controlling authorities.[33]
Culture[link]
Dumfries got its nickname 'Queen of the South' from David Dunbar, a local poet,[34] who in 1857 stood in the general election. In one of his addresses he called Dumfries "Queen of the South" and this became synonymous with the town.[22][35]
The term doonhamer comes from the way that natives of Dumfries over the years have referred to the area when working away from home. The town is often referred to as doon hame (down home). The term doonhamer followed, to describe those that originate from Dumfries.[36]
The Doonhamers is also the nickname of Queen of the South who represent Dumfries and the surrounding area in the Scottish Football League.[22]
The crest of Dumfries contains the words, "A Lore Burne". In the history of Dumfries close to the town was the marsh through which ran the Loreburn whose name became the rallying cry of the town in times of attack – A Lore Burne (meaning 'to the muddy stream').[22][37]
The Loreburn Hall (sometimes known colloquially as The Drill Hall)[38] has hosted concerts by performers such as Black Sabbath,[39] Big Country,[40] The Proclaimers and Scottish Opera.[38] The hall has hosted sporting events such as wrestling.[41] The new DG One sport, fitness and entertainment centre has now become the principal indoor event venue in Dumfries.[42]
Located on top of a small hill, Dumfries Museum is centred around the 18th century windmill which stands above the town. Included are fossil footprints left by prehistoric reptiles, the wildlife of the Solway marshes, tools and weapons of the earliest peoples of the region and stone carvings of Scotland's first Christians. On the top floor of the museum is a camera obscura.[37]
Based in the control tower near Tinwald Downs, the aviation museum has an extensive indoor display of memorabilia which strives to preserve aviation heritage, much of which has come via various recovery activities. During the second world war, aerial navigation was taught at Dumfries also at Wigtown and nearby Annan was a fighter training unit. RAF Dumfries doubled as an important maintenance unit and aircraft storage unit. The museum is run by the Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Group and is the only private aviation museum in Scotland.[43] The restored control tower of the former World War II airfield is now a listed building. The museum is run by volunteers and houses a large and ever expanding aircraft collection, aero engines and a display of artefacts and personal histories relating to aviation, past and present. Both civil aviation and military aviation are represented.[9]
The Theatre Royal, Dumfries was built in 1792 and is the oldest working theatre in Scotland.[44]
The theatre is owned by the Guild of Players who bought it in 1959, thereby saving it from demolition, and is run on a voluntary basis by the members of the Guild of Players. It is funded entirely by Guild membership subscriptions, and by box office receipts. It does not currently receive any grant aid towards running costs.
In recent years the theatre has been re-roofed and the outside refurbished. It is the venue for the Guild of Players' own productions and for performances from visiting companies. These include: Scottish Opera, TAG, the Borderline and 7:84.
There are two cinemas in Dumfries. The Odeon shows typically mainstream films. The Robert Burns Centre is the art house cinema in Dumfries.[45]
A collection of over 400 Scottish paintings, Gracefield Arts Centre hosts a changing programme of exhibitions featuring regional, national and international artists and craft-makers.[46]
The Burns Howff Club was formed in the Globe Inn, Dumfries, South West Scotland in 1889, and meets on 25 January each year to celebrate the anniversary of the birth of Robert Burns in 1759 with a Burns Supper. The Club takes its name from a reference by Robert Burns to the Globe Inn being his favourite "Howff", an old Scottish term for a meeting place. The Howff Club has an extensive library of Burns works and the works of other Scottish poets and literary figures.
There are a number of festivals which take place throughout the year, mostly based on traditional values.
Good Neighbours (Guid Nychburris in Middle Scots) is the main festival of the year, a ceremony which is largely based on the theme of a positive community spirit.
The ceremony on Guid Nychburris Day, follows a route and sequence of events laid down in the mists of time. Formal proceedings start at 7.30am with the gathering of up to 250 horses waiting for the courier to arrive and announce that the Pursuivant is on his way, and at 8.00am leave the Midsteeple and ride out to meet the Pursuivant. They then proceed to Ride the Marches and Stob and Nog (mark the boundary with posts and flags) before returning to the Midsteeple at 12.15pm to meet the Provost and then the Charter is proclaimed to the towns people of Dumfries. This is then followed by the crowning of the Queen of the South.[47]
Sport[link]
Queen of the South represent Dumfries and the surrounding area in the Scottish Football League First Division. Palmerston Park on Terregles Street is the home ground of the team. This is on the Maxwelltown side of the River Nith. They reached the Scottish Cup final in May 2008, losing to Rangers 3-2.[22]
Dumfries Saints Rugby Club is one of Scotland's oldest rugby clubs having been admitted to the Scottish Rugby Union in 1876–77 as "Dumfries Rangers".[48]
Dumfries is also home to a number of golf courses:-
- The Crichton Golf Club
- The Dumfries and County Golf Club
- The Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club
- The Dumfriesshire Golf Centre and Pines Golf Club
Of those is listed only the Dumfries and Galloway Golf Club is on the Maxwelltown side of the River Nith. This course is also bisected into 2 halves of 9 holes each by the town's Castle Douglas Road. The club house and holes 1 to 7 and 17 and 18 are on the side nearest to Summerhill, Dumfries. Holes 8 to 16 are on the side nearest to Janefield.
The opening stage of the 2011 Tour of Britain started in Peebles and finished 105.8 miles later in Dumfries. The stage was won by sprint specialist and reigning Tour de France green jersey champion, Mark Cavendish, with his team mate lead out man, Mark Renshaw finishing second. Cavendish had been scheduled to be racing in the 2011 Vuelta a España. However Cavendish was one a number of riders to withdraw having suffered in the searing Spanish heat. This allowed Cavendish to be a late addition to the Tour of Britain line up in his preparation for what was to be a successful bid two weeks later in the 2011 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race. Cavendish in a smiling post race TV interview in Dumfries described the wet and windy race conditions through the Southern Scottish stage as 'horrible'.[49]
DG One complex includes a national event sized competition swimming pool.
The David Keswick Athletic Centre is the principle facility in Dumfries for athletics.[50]
Dumfries is home to Nithsdale Amateur Rowing Club.[51][52] The rowers share their clubhouse with Dumfries Sub-Aqua Club.[53]
The town is also home to Solway Sharks ice hockey team. The team are current Northern Premier League winners. The team's home rink is Dumfries Ice Bowl. Dumfries Ice bowl is also recognized as Scotland's only centre of ice hockey excellence, and trials for the Scottish Jr national team are carried out at this venu.
Dumfries Ice Bowl is also home to two synchronised skating teams, Solway Stars and Solway Eclipse. In addition, Dumfries Ice Bowl is also home to several curling teams, competitions and leagues. Junior curling teams from Dumfries, consisting of curlers under the age of 21, regularly compete in the Dutch Junior Open based in Zoetemeer, Holland. In 2007, 2008 and 2009 a Dumfries based team have been the winners of the competition's Hogline Trophy.
Dumfries hosts three outdoor bowls clubs:[54]-
Dumfries hosts cycling organisations and cycling holidays.[55][56][57]
Education[link]
Dumfries has several primary schools, approximately one per key district, and four main secondary schools. All of these institutions are governed by Dumfries and Galloway council. The secondary schools are:
Dumfries Academy was a grammar school until adopting a comprehensive format in 1983.
In 1999 Scotland's first multi-institutional university campus was established in Dumfries, in the 85-acre (340,000 m2) Crichton estate. In order of campus presence it is host to the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) (formerly known as University of Paisley & Bell College), Dumfries & Galloway College, and the University of Glasgow. Still in its infancy, the campus offers a range of degree courses in initial teacher education, business, computing, environmental studies, tourism, heritage, social work, health, social studies, nursing, liberal arts and humanities.[58][59] Despite the short-lived threat of closure to the University of Glasgow part of the campus in 2006, a campaign by students, academics and local supporters ensured that the University of Glasgow remained open in Dumfries. The University of Glasgow, since maintaining its provision in Dumfries, has launched a new undergraduate programme in primary teaching.[60]
Healthcare[link]
Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary is the principal secondary care referral centre for Dumfries and Galloway region. It now includes a maternity wing which replaced the old Cresswell Maternity Hospital.
The Crichton Royal Hospital is part of the Royal Infirmary complex and provides a regional psychiatric, psychological and specialist addicitions service within Dumfries and Galloway. In 1838 William A. F. Browne accepted the position of Physician Superintendent at the newly created Crichton. It is at the Crichton where Ursula Fleming gained much of her education and experience.
Transport[link]
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Dumfries is linked to the Northbound A74(M) motorway at Beattock via the A701 road. The A75 road eastbound links Dumfries to the southbound A74(M), leading to the M6 motorway and Carlisle. The A75 road west links Dumfries with the ferry port of Stranraer. The A76 road connects to Kilmarnock in Ayrshire.
Dumfries railway station lies on the Glasgow South Western Line. It was awarded Best Station Awards by British Rail in 1986 and 1987. The train service is now operated by private company First ScotRail which provides services to Glasgow and Carlisle, and less frequent services connect Dumfries with Stranraer via Kilmarnock. The nearest station to Dumfries on the West Coast Mainline is 14 miles (23 km) east along the A709 road at Lockerbie, and the nearest West Coast Mainline station linking directly to Dumfries by rail is Carlisle.
Maxwelltown station in the Summerhill district of the town was closed along with the direct line to Stranraer via Castle Douglas as part of the Beeching Axe in 1965. Part of the disused railway track in Dumfries was later converted to a cycle path.
Parks[link]
The most significant of the parks in Dumfries are all within walking distance of the town centre:-
- Dock Park – located on the East bank of the Nith just to the South of St Michael's Bridge
- Castledykes Park – as the name suggests on the site of a former castle
- Mill Green (also known as deer park, although the deer formerly accommodated there have since been relocated) – on the West bank of the Nith opposite Whitesands
Broadcasting[link]
Dumfries is home to one of the 11 BBC studios in Scotland.
West Sound FM, part of the Big City Network, broadcasts from Dumfries.
Christianity-based community radio station Alive radio broadcasts only within Dumfries.
Local journalism[link]
The two local newspapers that specifically cover Dumfries and the surrounding are:-
- Dumfries and Galloway Standard[61] (established 1843) publishing on Wednesdays and Fridays
- Dumfries Courier[62] publishing on Fridays
Architectural geology[link]
There are many buildings in Dumfries made from sandstone of the local Locharbriggs quarry.
The quarry is situated off the A701 on the north of Dumfries at Locharbriggs close to the nearby aggregates quarry. This dimension stone quarry is a large quarry. Quarry working at Lochabriggs dates from the 18th century, and the quarry has been worked continuously since 1890.[63]
There are good reserves of stone that can be extracted at several locations. On average the stone is available at depths of 1m on bed although some larger blocks are obtainable. The average length of a block is 1.5m but 2.6m blocks can be obtained.
Locharbriggs is from the New Red Sandstone of the Permian age. It is a medium-grained stone ranging in colour from dull red to pink. It is the sandstone used in the Queen Alexandra Bridge in Sunderland, the Manchester International Convention Centre and the base of the Statue of Liberty.[63]
Surrounding places of interest[link]
As the largest settlement in Southern Scotland, Dumfries is recognised as a centre for visiting surrounding points of interest.[64] The following are all within easy reach:-
- John Paul Jones Birthplace Museum – The traditional Scottish cottage in which John Paul Jones was born in 1747.[65]
- Solway Coast
- Sweetheart Abbey in the village of New Abbey[43]
- New Abbey Corn Mill Museum[43]
- Criffel – a hill on the Solway Coast popular with hill walkers for its magnificent views of the Southern Scottish coastline and across the Solway Firth to the Lake District of Cumbria
- Threave Castle in Castle Douglas, home to the Douglas Clan of James Douglas who fought with Robert the Bruce[43]
- Moniaive conservation village
- Moffat and the views nearby of The Devil's Beef Tub, The Grey Mare's Tail waterfall and the A708 from Moffat past the Grey Mare's Tail to St Mary's Loch.
- Mabie Forest
- Ae village and forest
- Lochmaben with its lochs popular with boaters and also its history with Robert the Bruce
- Wanlockhead – Britain's highest village registered at 1,531 feet (467 m) above sea level and the Lead Mining Museum[43]
- Caerlaverock Castle[43]
- Drumlanrig Castle[43]
- Kagyu Samyé Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre was the first Tibetan Buddhist Centre to have been established in the West. It is a centre within the Karma Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. It is in the village of Eskdalemuir in the Scottish Southern Uplands[66]
- Ecclefechan – Thomas Carlyle's birthplace "The Arched House" is a tourist attraction and has been maintained by the National Trust for Scotland since 1936.[43] Ecclefechan lies at the foot of the large Roman Fort, Burnswark, which dominates the horizon with its flat top.
- At Twynholm is the David Coulthard Museum.[43]
- Gretna Green and the Old Blacksmith's Shop famous for runaway marriages.[43]
- Tharpaland – International Buddhist Retreat Centre under the auspices of the New Kadampa Tradition[67] Kelsang Gyatso completed a three-year retreat at Tharpaland.
Other places subsequently named Dumfries[link]
- Dumfries, Virginia in the US was formally established on land at the head of the harbour of Quantico Creek, provided by John Graham. He named the town after his birthplace, Dumfries in Scotland.
- Dumfries, New Brunswick in Canada
- South Dumfries Township, Ontario, Canada
- North Dumfries, Ontario, Canada
- Dumfries, Grenada
- Dumfries, Minnesota, USA
- Dumfries, Iowa, USA
Twin towns[link]
- Annapolis, Maryland, United States
- Gifhorn, Germany
- Passau, Germany
- Cantù, Italy
See also[link]
- Abecediary An example from St Mary Grey Friars church.
- List of places in Dumfries and Galloway
- People from Dumfries
References[link]
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External links[link]
http://wn.com/Dumfries
Related pages:
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http://es.wn.com/Dumfries
http://ru.wn.com/Дамфрис
http://nl.wn.com/Dumfries
http://pt.wn.com/Dumfries
http://pl.wn.com/Dumfries
http://fr.wn.com/Dumfries
http://de.wn.com/Dumfries
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumfries
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
