Map of Christmas Island showing the location of Flying Fish Cove 'The Settlement'

Flying Fish Cove is the main settlement of Australia's Christmas Island. Many maps simply label it “The Settlement”.^[1] It was the first British settlement on the island, established in 1888. The cove is named after the survey vessel HMS Flying Fish.

About a third of the territory's total population of 1,600 lives in Flying Fish Cove. It is located in the northeast of the island; there is a small harbour which serves tourists with yachts, and an airfield some kilometers southeast from Flying Fish Cove. It is possible to dive at the settlement's beach. ^[2]

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Golder Associates.(1995) Landslide risk assessment, Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean : submitted to Australian Construction Services. Leederville, W.A. : Golder Associates. "October 1995"

Coordinates: 10°25′18″S 105°40′41″E / 10.42167°S 105.67806°E / -10.42167; 105.67806

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Flying fish Temporal range: Miocene–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Sailfin flying-fish Parexocoetus brachypterus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Beloniformes
Family:	Exocoetidae
Genera
Cheilopogon Cypselurus Danichthys Exocoetus Fodiator Hirundichthys Oxyporhamphus Parexocoetus Prognichthys

Exocoetidae, is a family of marine fish in the order Beloniformes of class Actinopterygii. Fish of this family are known as flying fish. There are about sixty-four species grouped in seven to nine genera. Flying fish can make powerful, self-propelled leaps out of water into air, where their long, wing-like fins enable them to glide for considerable distances above the water's surface. This uncommon ability is a natural defense mechanism to evade predators.

Etymology[link]

The term "Exocoetidae" is not only the present scientific name for a genus of flying fish in this family, but also the general name in Latin for a flying fish. The suffix -idae, common for indicating a family, follows the root of the Latin word exocoetus, a transliteration of the Ancient Greek name ἐξώκοιτος. This means literally "sleeping outside", from ἔξω}"outside" and κοῖτος "bed", "resting place",^[1], so named as flying fish were believed to leave the water to sleep on the shore.^[2]

Flying fish have in turn given their name to:

• The Exocet guided missile.^[3]
• Three ships of the United States Navy named USS Flying Fish.
• The constellation Volans ("flying", originally "Piscis Volans" = "flying fish").

Distribution and description[link]

Flying fish live in all of the oceans, particularly in tropical and warm subtropical waters. Their most striking feature is their pectoral fins,^[4] which are unusually large, and enable the fish to hide and escape from predators^[5] by leaping out of the water and flying through air a few feet above the water's surface. Their flights are typically around 50 meters (160 ft).^[6]

Flying fish taking off

To glide upward out of the water, a flying fish moves its tail up to 70 times per second.^[7] It then spreads its pectoral fins and tilts them slightly upward to provide lift.^[4] At the end of a glide, it folds its pectoral fins to reenter the sea, or drops its tail into the water to push against the water to lift itself for another glide, possibly changing direction.^[4][7] The curved profile of the "wing" is comparable to the aerodynamic shape of a bird wing.^[8] The fish is able to increase its time in the air by flying straight into or at an angle to the direction of updrafts created by a combination of air and ocean currents.^[4][7]

Genus Exocoetus has one pair of fins and a streamlined body to optimize for speed, while Cypselurus has a flattened body and two pairs of fins which maximizes its time in the air. From 1900 to the 1930s, flying fish were studied as possible models used to develop airplanes.^[7]

Exocoetidae feed mainly on plankton. Predators include dolphins, tuna, marlin, birds, squids and porpoises.^[7]

Flight measurements[link]

In May 2008, a Japanese television crew (NHK) filmed a flying fish (dubbed "Icarfish") off the coast of Yakushima Island, Japan. The creature spent 45 seconds in flight.^[9] The previous record was 42 seconds.^[9]

Flying fish can use updrafts at the leading edge of waves to cover distances of at least 400 m (1,300 ft).^[6] They can travel at speeds of more than 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph).^[7] Maximum altitude is 6 m (20 ft) above the surface of the sea.^[8] Some accounts have them landing on ships' decks.^[7][10]

Fishery and cuisine[link]

Tobiko in varying colors. The bright orange roe is the natural coloration.

Flying fish are commercially fished in Japan, Vietnam and China by the method of gillnetting, and in Indonesia and India by dipnetting.^[7] In Japanese cuisine, the fish is often preserved by drying. The roe of Cheilopogon agoo, or Japanese flying fish, is used to make some types of sushi, and is known as tobiko. It is also a staple in the diet of the Tao people of Orchid Island, Taiwan. Flying fish is part of Barbados' national dish,^[11] known as cou-cou and flying fish.^[12][13]

In the Solomon Islands, they are caught while flying, using nets held from outrigger canoes. They are attracted to the light of torches. Fishing is done only when there is no moonlight.

Importance[link]

Barbados[link]

Historically, Barbados was nicknamed "the land of the flying fish", where today it is the official national fish.^[14] Once abundant, it migrated between the warm, coral-filled Atlantic Ocean surrounding the island of Barbados and the plankton-rich outflows of the Orinoco River in Venezuela.

Just after the completion of the Bridgetown Harbor / Deep Water Harbor in Bridgetown, Barbados saw an increase of ship visits, linking the island to the world. The overall health of the coral reefs surrounding Barbados suffered due to ship-based pollution. Additionally, Barbadian overfishing pushed them closer to the Orinoco river delta, no longer returning to Barbados in large numbers. Today, the flying fish only migrate as far north as Tobago, around 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) southwest of Barbados. Despite the change, flying fish remain a coveted delicacy.

Many aspects of Barbadian culture center around the flying fish: it is depicted on coins, as sculptures in fountains, in artwork, and as part of the official logo of the Barbados Tourism Authority. Additionally, the Barbadian coat of arms features a pelican and dolphin fish on either side of the shield, but the dolphin resembles a flying fish. Furthermore, actual artistic renditions and holograms of the flying fish are also present within the Barbadian passport.

Maritime disputes[link]

In recent times, flying fish have also been gaining in popularity in other islands, fueling several maritime disputes. In 2006, the council of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea^[15] fixed the maritime boundaries between Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago over the flying fish dispute, which gradually raised tensions between the neighbours.^[16] The ruling stated both countries must preserve stocks for the future. Barbadian fishers still follow the flying fish southward. Flying fish remain an important part of Barbados' main national dish.

See also[link]

• Barbados v. Trinidad and Tobago
• Flying and gliding animals
• Neuston
• Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Exocoetidae

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Flying-fish.

• May 2008 video of 45 second flight
• Fishbase entry for flyingfish
• Explanation
• Pictures
• Flying Fish, National Geographic Society

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Stuart MacGill

Personal information
Full name	Stuart Charles Glyndwr MacGill
Born	(1971-02-25) 25 February 1971 (age 41) Mount Lawley, Perth, Australia
Nickname	Magilla (Gorilla) / Stuey / Macca
Height	1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Batting style	Right-handed
Bowling style	Right-arm leg spin
Relations	CWT MacGill (grandfather), TMD MacGill (father)
International information
National side	Australia
Test debut (cap 374)	30 January 1998 v South Africa
Last Test	30 May 2008 v West Indies
ODI debut (cap 141)	19 January 2000 v Pakistan
Last ODI	26 January 2000 v India
Domestic team information
Years	Team
1994	Western Australia
1996–2008	New South Wales
1997	Somerset
2002–04	Nottinghamshire
2011-Present	Sydney Sixers
Career statistics
Competition	Test	ODI	FC	LA
Matches	44	3	184	107
Runs scored	349	1	1,536	171
Batting average	9.69	1.00	9.90	7.77
100s/50s	0/0	0/0	0/2	0/0
Top score	43	1	56*	26
Balls bowled	11,237	180	41,418	5,228
Wickets	208	6	774	193
Bowling average	29.02	17.50	30.48	22.52
5 wickets in innings	12	0	43	4
10 wickets in match	2	n/a	6	n/a
Best bowling	8/108	4/19	8/108	5/40
Catches/stumpings	16/–	2/–	76/–	22/–
Source: CricketArchive, 20 September 2008

Stuart Charles Glyndwr MacGill (born 25 February 1971) is a former right-arm leg spin bowler of the Australian cricket team, with a domestic career at Western Australia, New South Wales, Nottinghamshire, Devon and Somerset. He has been credited with having the best strike rate of any modern leg-spin bowler, however he did not have a regular place in the Australian Test team due to the dominance of Shane Warne in the position of sole spinner. His bowling was slightly slower through the air than Warne, but he was a prodigious turner of the ball.

He was brought back in 2007 after the retirement of Warne, as spinner for the first Test against the Sri Lankan cricket team. He announced his retirement from international cricket during the second Test of Australia's 2008 tour of the West Indies.^[1] Moving into commentary, MacGill co-hosted the 2009 Ashes series on SBS with Damien Martyn and Greg Matthews. MacGill was a radio co-host on the Triple M Sydney breakfast program, The Grill Team from 2009 until 2010.

Early years[link]

MacGill was born in the Perth suburb of Mount Lawley and began his first-class career in the 1993/94 season playing for Western Australia. Both his father, Terry MacGill, and his grandfather, Charlie MacGill, had previously played cricket for Western Australia. He was an AIS Australian Cricket Academy scholarship holder in 1990-1991.^[2] He managed just one game, against New South Wales at the SCG but did not take a wicket and did not play again for over two years.^[3] When he returned in 1996/97 it was for New South Wales and he took 6 wickets in the match, the first being Darren Berry.^[4] He finished the season with 16 wickets at 37.00.^[5]

He spent the English summer playing club cricket in Devon, for Tiverton CC, and played a game for Somerset against the touring Pakistan A side.^[6]

1997/98 was the breakthrough season for MacGill, he made his Test debut and finished with 35 wickets at 28.14 in the Sheffield Shield.

Test career[link]

In the 3rd Test against South Africa at Adelaide in January 1998, MacGill was selected as Australia's second spinner and helped them to draw the match with 3 for 22 in the second innings.^[7] He next appeared in October of that year for a tour of Pakistan, finishing the series as Australia's top wicket taker with 15 victims at 27.46.^[8]

MacGill kept his spot in the side when they returned home for an Ashes series, again finishing as Australia's most successful bowler with 27 wickets at 17.70. His tally included his then career best innings figures of 7 for 50, made in the 5th Test at Sydney.^[9] He took a total of 12 wickets in that match and had done enough to convince the selectors to use two spinners for their tour of the West Indies.

After taking just 12 wickets from the four Tests he was dropped from the side, only returning when Australia hosted the West Indies in 2000/01. In a series whitewash, all the Australian bowlers bar MacGill, who took 16 wickets at 31.31, managed to average under 20 with the ball.^[10]

He played his next Test in January 2002 against South Africa, taking 7 wickets. With Warne unavailable for the 4th and 5th Tests of the 2002/03 Ashes series, MacGill came in and despite taking 12 wickets he averaged over 40.^[11]

With Shane Warne serving a drugs ban, MacGill returned to the Caribbean in 2003 and for the next year acted as Australia's sole spinner. In the 11 Tests that he played, including the Caribbean tour, he took 53 wickets. He played series against Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and India.

Sri Lanka toured Australia in 2004 and despite Warne returning to the side MacGill kept his spot. He struggled throughout the Test series and took just 5 wickets at 46.40.^[12] He lost his spot in the side and over the next year and a half played just two Tests, both on the spin friendly SCG wicket. The first was against Pakistan and his 8 wickets earned him the Man of the Match award. The second was against the ICC World XI and he managed 9 wickets.

MacGill partnered Warne when Australia hosted the West Indies for a Test series in 2005/06. He took 5 wickets at Hobart and just 2 in Adelaide. He played again in the Tests that followed, against South Africa and won a place in Australia's squad for their inaugural tour of Bangladesh. At Fatullah he took 8 for 108 in the first innings, his career best figures.^[13]

Warne retired from Test cricket at the end of the 2006-07 Ashes series, although MacGill faced competition for a place in the side from several younger players. MacGill was never a serious contender for the One Day International team, and has since retired from that form of the game. MacGill announced that he would retire after the 2nd Test against the West Indies.

Twenty20 comeback[link]

MacGill returned to cricket in 2011, signing to play for the Sydney Sixers in Australia's inaugural Big Bash League at the age of 40. After strong performances in the tournament, in which the Sixers qualified for the four-team playoff series, he was picked up by the Dhaka Gladiators for US$50,000 in the player auction for the inaugural Bangladesh Premier League.^[14]

Personal life[link]

MacGill's father, Terry MacGill, and grandfather, Charlie MacGill, both played first-class cricket for Western Australia.

MacGill is married to journalist Rachel Friend.^[15]

MacGill is noted as a thinker who has a fondness for wine and books, once reading 24 novels during a tour of Pakistan.^[16] Known for his individuality, he was the only Australian Cricketer to declare himself unavailable to tour Zimbabwe in 2004 on moral grounds. He also refused to appear in an advertisement for Cricket Australia sponsor KFC, saying: "The problem for me is that KFC and Cricket Australia are hitting parents where they’re vulnerable. Parents are already under a lot of pressure from kids to buy this stuff and when you get the Australian cricket team endorsing it you just increase that pressure. It’s just wrong in so many ways."^[17]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Stuart Macgill charity
• Stuart Macgill uncorked tv programme
• Player profile: Stuart MacGill from ESPNcricinfo
• Player profile: Stuart MacGill from CricketArchive

Ross Andrew Hannaford (born 1 December 1950) is an Australian musician. He is often referred to by his nickname "Hanna". Widely regarded as one of the country's finest rock guitarists, he is best known for his long collaboration with singer-songwriter Ross Wilson, which began as teenagers, and with whom he formed the seminal early '70s Australian rock band Daddy Cool.

Biography[link]

Hannaford and Wilson first teamed up in the hometown of Melbourne in early 1965, in the R&B band The Pink Finks, which enjoyed moderate local success.^[1] This was followed by the more progressively-oriented The Party Machine,^[2] They released a single "You've All Gotta Go" in 1969; their printed songbooks were confiscated and burned by the Victorian Vice Squad for being obscene and seditious.^[2][3] The Party Machine disbanded in 1969, with Wilson travelling to London.

After a short stint in the UK, Wilson returned to Australia and reunited with Hannaford ca. 1970 in the even more avant garde Sons of the Vegetal Mother, which embodied Wilson's enthusiam for the music of Frank Zappa.^[4]

This band eventually evolved into Daddy Cool, which had started out as an informal offshoot of the Vegetals but soon overtook. After the release of their hugely successful debut single "Eagle Rock" and their debut LP Daddy Who? Daddy Cool, the band became one of the most popular and successful rock acts of the decade, breaking all previous sales records for an Australian act.

Hannaford's unique guitar stylings won wide praise from critics and his goofy stage presence, distinctive baritone voice and trademark 'helicopter' cap made him a favourite with fans. He also wrote several of the group's songs and co-designed the sleeve of their second album, Sex, Dope, Rock'n'Roll: Teenage Heaven.

After the first split of Daddy Cool at the end of 1972, Wilson and Hannaford formed the short-lived Mighty Kong with former members of Spectrum and Company Caine and they recorded one album, All I Wanna Do Is Rock, but they split just after the record was released.

Daddy Cool reformed in 1974 and continued until 1976, when they split again. Hannaford and Wilson's last collaboration in this period was on the soundtrack for the 1976 movie Oz.^[5]

Hannaford subsequently did a considerable amount of session work and played in many bands. His group and recording credits including The Black Sorrows, Paul Madigan & The Humans, Ian Moss, Steve Hoy, Mark Gillespie, Billy T, Ram Band and Goanna. In the 1990s he and his band Diana's Kiss had a long-standing residency at the famous Esplanade Hotel in St Kilda, Melbourne.

In 2005 the original members of Daddy Cool reunited for a one-off performance at a Melbourne benefit concert in aid of the Asian Tsunami disaster, and this led to the 2006 reformation of the group and the recording of a new single and album.

In November 2007, the original Daddy Cool line-up reformed for a national tour of Australia with the Beach Boys & Christopher Cross. The tour took in Melbourne, Hunter Valley, Adelaide, Perth, Wollongong & Sydney.

Discography[link]

• The Pink Finks (1965–1969)
  • "Untie Me" / "Nowhere To Run" (1965)
  • "Back Door Man" / "Something Else In" (1965)
  • "Louie Louie" / "Got Love If You Want It" (1965)
  • In Group EP (1965)
  • "You're Good For Me" / "Comin' Home Baby" (1966)
  • "It Hurts Me So" / "Down Mama" - From the Vault (1987)
  • Louie Louie EP - Raven Records (December, 1980) - "Louie, Louie", "Back Door Man", "Comin' Home", "You're Good", "Rub My Root", "Something Else", "Untie Me"

• The Party Machine (1969)
  • "You've All Gotta Go"/"Gentle Art" - EMI/Columbia (1969)

• Sons of the Vegetal Mother (1969–1971)
  • Garden Party EP - Independent (1970)

• Daddy Cool (1970–1972) (1974–1975) (2005–)

• Mighty Kong (1972–1973)
  • "Calling All Cats" / "Hard Drugs (Are Bad For You)" - Wizard (December, 1973)
  • All I Wanna Do Is Rock - Wizard (December, 1973)

• Billy T (1975–1976)
  • No Definitions (1977)

• Diana Kiss

• The Ross Hannaford Trio
  • The Ross Hannaford Trio (1996)

• Hey Gringo
  • I Was There (2000)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Daddy Cool Site
• Official Ross Hannaford Myspace Site