- published: 26 Sep 2010
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- author: eurodestination
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- 2016 Summer Olympics
- Alain Delon
- Alfred Belpaire
- Alveringem
- Antwerp
- Antwerp Zoo
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- Association football
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Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (German: Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867 to 1918) was itself dissolved by the victors at the end of World War I and broken into separate new states.
The term "Austrian Empire" is also used for the Habsburg possessions before 1804, which had no official collective name, although Austria is more frequent; the term of Austria-Hungary has also been used.[citation needed]
The Austrian Empire was founded by the Habsburg monarch Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (who became Emperor Francis I of Austria), as a state comprising his personal lands within and outside of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
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Bay of Kiel
The Bay of Kiel (German: Kieler Bucht; Danish: Kiel Bugt) is a bay in the southwestern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany and the islands of Denmark. It is connected with the Bay of Mecklenburg in the east, the Little Belt in the northwest, and the Great Belt in the North.
Maritime traffic entering or leaving the Baltic through the two Belts must enter the bay. Once in, through traffic to the Baltic passes through another strait, the Fehmarn Belt, into the Bay of Mecklenburg, which opens out into the Baltic Sea. In the other direction, traffic can either pass northward through the Great Belt, keeping Langeland on the port side, or enter the Kiel Fjord and traverse the Kiel Canal directly to the mouth of the Elbe River and the North Sea. The Kiel Fjord ends at Kiel, the capital of Schleswig-Holstein.
The southwest shore of the bay is the coast of Schleswig-Holstein. From the latter drains the Schlei inlet, actually a brackish estuary, at the head of which is the city named after it, Schleswig. In that coast also are two other smaller bays: the Eckernförde Bay and the Flensburg Fjord. In the north are the Danish islands of Als, Ærø, and Langeland.
wn.com/Bay_of_Kiel -
Belgium
Belgium (
i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
wn.com/Belgium -
Bois de Boulogne
The Bois de Boulogne (French pronunciation: [bwa də bulɔɲ]) is a park located along the western edge of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine
The Bois de Boulogne covers an area of 8.459 km2 (3.266 sq mi; 2,090 acres), which is 2.5 times larger than Central Park in New York, and comparable in size to Richmond Park in London.
The northern part of the Bois de Boulogne is occupied by the Jardin d'Acclimatation, an amusement park with a ménagerie and other attractions.
At night time, the area becomes one of Paris's most prominent red-light districts, though in recent years the French government has sought to eliminate prostitution in the park.
The Bois de Boulogne is full of activities on the weekends. Such as biking, jogging, boat rowing, remote control speed boats, picnics are held but barbecues are not allowed privately.
During summer season the Bois holds a 3 day weekend party in the month of July with over 50 bands and singers, this is attended mostly by students that camp out overnight.
wn.com/Bois_de_Boulogne -
Brussels
Brussels (French: Bruxelles, pronounced [bʁysɛl] (
listen); Dutch: Brussel, pronounced [ˈbrʏ.səɫ] ( listen); German: Brüssel, pronounced [ˈbʁyː.səl]), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (French: 
Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (help·info), Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (help·info)), is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union (EU). It is also the largest urban area in Belgium, comprising 19 municipalities, including the municipality of the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium, in addition to the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne into a metropolis of more than one million inhabitants. The metropolitan area has a population of over 1.8 million, making it the largest in Belgium.
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been a main centre for international politics. Hosting principal EU institutions as well as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the city has become the polyglot home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
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Château de Bagatelle
The Château de Bagatelle is a small neoclassical château with a French landscape garden in the Bois de Boulogne in the XVIe arrondissement of Paris. There is also a Château de Bagatelle located near Abbeville in northern France.
The château is a glorified playground, actually a maison de plaisance intended for brief stays while hunting in the Bois in a party atmosphere, which was initially built as a small hunting lodge for the Maréchal d'Estrées in 1720. Bagatelle from the Italian bagattella, means a trifle, or little decorative nothing. In 1775, the Comte d'Artois, Louis XVI's brother, purchased the property from the prince de Chimay. The Comte soon had the existing house torn down with plans to rebuild. Famously, Marie-Antoinette wagered against the Comte, her brother-in-law, that the new château could not be completed within three months. The Comte engaged the neoclassical architect François-Joseph Bélanger to design the building that remains in the park today. The Comte won his bet, completing the house, the only residence ever designed and built expressly for him, in sixty-three days, from September 1777. It is estimated that the project, which came to include manicured gardens, employed eight hundred workers and cost over three million livres. Bélanger's brother-in-law Jean-Démosthène Dugourc provided much of the decorative detail. The central domed feature was a music-room. The master bedroom was fitted up in the manner of a military tent, and Hubert Robert executed a set of six Italianate landscapes for the bathroom. Most of the furnishings were provided by numerous Parisian marchand-merciers, notably Dominique Daguerre; a decorative painter was A.-L. Delabrière.
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Compiègne
Coordinates: 49°24′54″N 2°49′23″E / 49.4149°N 2.8231°E / 49.4149; 2.8231
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ]) is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise and is located along the Oise River. Its inhabitants are called Compiégnois.
Compiègne is the seat of three cantons
The Glade of the Armistice in the Compiègne Forest was the site of the signing of two armistices; the 1918 Armistice with Germany and the 1940 Armistice with France. Hitler specifically chose the location, and had the original signing carriage moved from Paris to Compiègne, as an irony for the defeated French. The site still houses several memorials to the 1918 armistice, including a copy of the original railway carriage. The original, after use in the 1940 armistice was moved to Berlin as a trophy of Nazi triumph. The railway carriage was later taken to Crawinkel in Thuringia in 1945, where it was destroyed by SS troops and the remains buried. A replica now stands at the original site.
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Dover
Coordinates: 51°07′46″N 1°18′32″E / 51.1295°N 1.3089°E / 51.1295; 1.3089
Dover ( /ˈdoʊvər/; French: Douvres) is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England. It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel, and lies south-east of Canterbury; east of Kent's administrative capital Maidstone; and north-east along the coastline from Dungeness and Hastings. The town is the administrative centre of the Dover District and home of the Dover Calais ferry through the Port of Dover. The surrounding chalk cliffs have become known as the White Cliffs of Dover, and the narrow sea passage nearby – the Strait of Dover. Its strategic position has been evident throughout its history: archaeological finds have revealed that the area has always been a focus for peoples entering and leaving Britain. The name of the town derives from the name of the river that flows through River Dour. The town has been inhabited since the Stone Age according to archeological finds, and Dover is one of only a few places in Britain – London and Cornwall being other examples – to have a corresponding name in the French language, Douvres.
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Egmont Palace
The Egmont Palace (Dutch: Egmontpaleis, French: Palais d'Egmont) is a large mansion at the Wolstraat / Rue aux Laines and the Kleine Zavel / Petit Sablon Square in Brussels, Belgium. Today it houses the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
It was built between 1548 and 1560 by Françoise of Luxembourg and her son, Lamoral, Count of Egmont, first in Flemish Gothic style, later Renaissance. The fabric was dramatically transformed in the 18th century, when the building was clothed in classical style, while the property passed onto the Arenberg family. The plans for this stage are attributed to the early advocate of neoclassicism, Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni.
After a fire demolished the oldest part of the building in 1891, it was reconstructed in a uniform classical style.
The venue hosted the fencing events for the 1920 Summer Olympics in the garden. After the first World War the owner, the German Arenberg family, was forced to sell the building to the city of Brussels. In 1964 it was sold to the Belgian state. In 1977, the Egmont pact on the Belgian state reform was signed in the Egmont Palace during the second administration of Leo Tindemans.
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Enoshima
Enoshima (江の島?) is a small island, about 4 km in circumference, at the mouth of the Katase River, which flows into Sagami Bay in Japan. Part of the city of Fujisawa, it is linked to the Katase section of the same city on the mainland by a 600 meter-long bridge. Adjacent to some of the closest beaches to Tokyo and Yokohama, the island and the nearby coast are the hub of a local resort area.
Benzaiten, the goddess of music and entertainment, is enshrined on the island. The island in its entirety is dedicated to the goddess, who is said to have made it rise from the bottom of the sea in sixth century. Enoshima is the center of Shōnan, a resort area along the coast of Sagami Bay.
The island is the scene of the Enoshima Engi, a history of the shrines on Enoshima written by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kōkei in 1047 AD.
Enoshima was the Olympic harbor for the 1964 Summer Olympics.
In 1880, after the Shinto and Buddhism separation order of the new Meiji government had made the land available, much of the uplands was purchased by Samuel Cocking, a British merchant, in his Japanese wife's name. He developed a power plant and extensive botanical gardens including a very large greenhouse. Although the original greenhouse was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake, the botanical garden (now the Samuel Cocking Garden) remains an attraction with over half a million visitors a year.
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Estádio São Januário
Estádio Vasco da Gama, also known as Estádio São Januário, owing to its location on a street of the same name, is the home ground of Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama. Its facade is listed by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage.
It is located in the Vasco da Gama neighbourhood, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on a hill near the National Observatory of Brazil. Because of its position it is often referred to as Estádio da Colina (Hill's Stadium) which in turn has given Vasco the nickname of Gigante da Colina (Hill's Giant). It is one of the few Association Football specific stadiums in the world which has both team benches and coaching areas behind the goal line at the same end of the field.
The stadium had a capacity of 15,150 and it was inaugurated on April 27, 1927, with the presence of Washington Luís, Brazilian president in that time. The first event held in the stadium was a match between Vasco and Santos, which Santos won. São Januário was the biggest stadium in the New World until 1930 when Estádio Centenário of Montevideo was inaugurated for the first World Cup in 1930. It was the biggest in Brazil until 1940 when Pacaembu was built in São Paulo (Public Venue, still the biggest private venue in Brazil). It was the biggest in Rio de Janeiro when Maracanã was built for the World Cup and even today, 83 years afterwards, it still stands as the biggest private venue in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Flemish Community
The term Flemish Community (Dutch: Vlaamse Gemeenschap [ˈvlaːmsə ʝəˈmeːnsxɑp] ( listen); French: Communauté flamande; German: Flämische Gemeinschaft [ˈflɛːmɪʃə ɡəˈmaɪ̯nʃaft]) has two distinct, though related, meanings:
Under the Belgian constitution, the Flemish Community has legal responsibility for the following:
As the Flemish Community's institutions (parliament, government and ministry) absorbed all competencies of the Flemish region, they became also competent for the following areas:
Members of the Flemish Parliament who were elected in Brussels region, have no right to vote on Flemish regional affairs. They can only vote on community affairs, since affairs concerning their region are governed by the Brussels Parliament.
Legally speaking, in the regions of Brussel-Capital as well as of Flanders, the Flemish Community is responsible not for individual people, but for Flemish institutions such as schools, theatres, libraries and museums. The reason for this is that no distinct sub-national status exists in Belgium.
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Flemish Region
The Flemish Region (Dutch: Vlaams Gewest (help·info)) is one of the three official regions of the Kingdom of Belgium—alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region. Colloquially, it is usually simply referred to as Flanders, of which it is the institutional iteration within the context of the Belgian political system. It occupies the northern part of Belgium and covers an area of 13,522 km2 (44.29% of Belgium). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Europe with around 455 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Immediately after its establishment in 1980, the region transferred all its constitutional competencies to the Flemish Community. The current Flemish authorities (Flemish Parliament, Flemish Government) therefore represent all the Flemish people, including those living in the Brussels-Capital Region. Hence, the Flemish Region is governed by the Flemish Community institutions. However, members of the Flemish Community parliament who were elected in Brussels-Capital Region, have no right to vote on Flemish regional affairs.
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Golden Park
Golden Park is a 5,000-seat baseball-only stadium in Columbus, Georgia, United States, that opened in 1926. Located on the Chattahoochee River in Downtown Columbus, it currently is not home to any professional baseball team. The exterior of the Golden Park is a red brick façade and has many well-landscaped sidewalks that connect to the Chattahoochee RiverWalk.
Golden Park is named after Theodore Earnest Golden SR, co-founder of Goldens' Foundry and Machine Co.. Golden led the effort in Columbus for the city's first South Atlantic League team. Golden Park was renovated in 1994 in anticipation of the softball events of the 1996 Summer Olympics that were held in the city of Columbus.
Coordinates: 32°27′08″N 84°59′30″W / 32.452348°N 84.991541°W / 32.452348; -84.991541
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Gulf of Naples
The Gulf of Naples (Italian: Golfo di Napoli, aka Bay of Naples) is a c.15-kilometre-wide (9.3 mi) gulf located along the south-western coast of Italy (province of Naples, Campania region). It opens to the west into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered on the north by the cities of Naples and Pozzuoli, on the east by Mount Vesuvius, and on the south by the Sorrentine Peninsula and the main town of the peninsula, Sorrento. The Peninsula separates the Gulf of Naples from the Gulf of Salerno, which includes the Almalfi coast.
The islands of Capri, Ischia and Procida are located in the Gulf of Naples. The area is a tourist destination, with the seaside Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum at the at the foot of Mount Vesuvius (destroyed in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius), along the north coast.
The Gulf of Naples hosted the sailing events for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.
Twenty nuclear torpedo sea mines were alleged by the International Atomic Energy Agency to have been laid on 10 January 1970, by a Soviet November class attack submarine, in the Gulf of Naples in a time of war to destroy or deny access to the US Seventh Fleet; they are believed to still be on the seabed.
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Harmaja
Harmaja (Swedish: Gråhara) is an island and a lighthouse outside Helsinki, south of the Suomenlinna sea fortress. The island has been functioning as a landmark since the 16th century. A landmark structure was built on the island in the 18th century and a light house in 1883. The first lighthouse was only 7.3 m high and it soon proved to be too low. In 1900 the height was doubled by creating a rectangular brick building on a granite base. A large foghorn alerted ships in fog and in bad visibility. Harmaja received the world's first directed and undirected radio beacon in 1936. The lighthouse is fully automated today.
There is also a pilot station on the island.
During the 1952 Summer Olympics this was the center of the Olympic sailing event.
Coordinates: 60°06′16″N 24°58′28″E / 60.10444°N 24.97444°E / 60.10444; 24.97444
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Hurlingham Club
The Hurlingham Club is an exclusive sports club in Fulham in southwest London, England. The club, founded in 1869, is situated by the River Thames in Fulham, Southwest London, and has a Georgian clubhouse set in 42 acres (17 ha) of grounds. The Hurlingham provides social and sporting facilities for its members and their guests, including tennis, croquet, cricket, bowls, golf, squash and swimming (with both indoor and outdoor pools) as well as the fitness facilities provided in the fitness centre and gymnasium.
In 1867 Frank Heathcote received the permission of Richard Naylor to promote pigeon shooting matches at his Hurlingham estate. His next step was the formation of the Hurlingham Club for this purpose and 'as an agreeable country resort'. The club leased the estate from Naylor in 1869 and in 1874 acquired the land outright. The pigeon today forms part of the club's crest. Until 1905 clouds of pigeons were released in the summer from an enclosure near what is now a tennis pavilion.
The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), an early patron, was a keen shot and his presence ensured the club's status and notability from the beginning. The current patron is HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
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Jules Ottenstadion
Jules Ottenstadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Gentbrugge, Ghent, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of K.A.A. Gent. The stadium holds 12,919 and was built in 1920. It is due to be replaced by the new Arteveldestadion in 2010.[dated info] The people of Ghent call this stadium simply Ottenstadion. It is situated in the centre of a residential neighbourhood in the Bruiloftstraat in Gentbrugge.
The stadium was built in 1920 and was officially opened at 22 August of that year by the Dauphin of that time, prince Leopold. The stadium is called after Jules Otten, one of the founders of KAA Gent, which was called La Gantoise at that time.
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in neighboring Antwerp, it hosted the Italy-Egypt football match that Italians won 2-1.
KAA Ghent has been playing for 90 years in the stadium, but a soon relocation to the new Arteveldestadium, which is situated at the Ottergemsesteenweg, is planned within the next years. It was the plan to have it ready by the season 2007/2008, but due to many delays, the relocation will be in 2012. The stadium will have 20.000 seats.
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Knokke
Knokke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈknɔkə]) is one of a group of communities that are all grouped in the administrative community Knokke-Heist, in the province of West Flanders in Flanders, Belgium. Knokke itself has 15,653 inhabitants (2003).
Knokke-Heist has 33,818 inhabitants (2009). Knokke is the most North-Eastern seaside resort of the Belgian coast. It lies close to the Dutch border and is separated from the Dutch territory by the Zwin natural reserve.
Knokke is famous for its beaches, and for the dike system to which it owes its origins. Knokke came into existence because of the construction of dikes that were meant to protect the area around the 'Zwin' sea-arm. Originally a simple vacation haven for the city folk of Brussels in the early 19th century, artists such as James Ensor, Alfred Verwee and others, started to frequent the small hamlet to paint its beautiful vistas. The artists rented a small miller's cottage and founded the Cercle des Artistes in 1880. It gradually became a resort town with upscale clientele, restaurants and shops.
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Le Havre
Coordinates: 49°29′24″N 0°06′00″E / 49.49000°N 0.100000°E / 49.49000; 0.100000
Le Havre (French pronunciation: [lə avʁ]) is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen. It is also the second largest subprefecture in France (after Reims). Its port is the second busiest in France (after that of Marseille). Since 1974 it has been the see of the diocese of Le Havre.
Le Havre was provisionally renamed Franciscopolis in the documents, after King Francis I, who developed the city in 1517. A chapel known as Notre-Dame-de-Grâce ("Our Lady of Grace") existed at the site before the city was established, and the denomination lent its name to the port, to be called Le Hable de Grâce (already in 1489, "the harbor of Grace"). The shortened name Le Havre, as used in modern times, simply translates as "the port" or "the harbour".
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Liuskasaari
Liuskasaari (Swedish: Skifferholmen) is an island located south of Helsinki, Finland. This island is home of the Helsingfors Segelsällskap, one of the oldest sailing clubs in Finland.
The island hosted some of the sailing events for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 60°09′03″N 24°56′54″E / 60.15083°N 24.94833°E / 60.15083; 24.94833
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Lombardsijde
Lombardsijde, also Lombartzyde, is a region in the Belgian commune of Middelkerke in West Flanders province, in northwestern Belgium near Nieuwpoort.
Fighting occurred in and around Lombardsijde during World War I.
Coordinates: 51°09′N 2°45′E / 51.15°N 2.75°E / 51.15; 2.75
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Nachtegalen Park
Nachtegalen Park (Nightingale Park in (Dutch)) is a park located in the Antwerp, Belgium municipality of Wilrijk. It served as the archery venue for the 1920 Summer Olympics.
During World War II, the park was headquarters for the 89th German Army Corps, then it became command post of the 719th Infantry Division.
Coordinates: 51°11′02″N 4°24′28″E / 51.18389°N 4.40778°E / 51.18389; 4.40778
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on 10 December each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46) and the Parliament (1901–04).
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
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Nynäshamn
Nynäshamn is a locality and the seat of Nynäshamn Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 13,510 inhabitants in 2010.
While interest in the area as a potentially useful port grew from the mid 19th Century, it was only with the opening of the railway to Stockholm in 1901 that Nynäshamn started to develop.
During the early 20th Century, Nynäshamn also became well known as a spa town, though most such facilities were closed down before the end of World War I. Main industries arrived through Telegrafverkets verkstäder (the factories of the Government owned telephone company ) in 1916 and an oil refinery built in 1928-29 by Axel Ax:son Johnson & Co. The latter still remains though under different ownership and under the name Nynas.
Nynäshamn was the venue of the Olympic sailing regatta in 1912.
Nynäshamn, which lies about 60 km south of Stockholm, is well known for being one of the places on the Swedish mainland from where ferries to the island Gotland depart. This is a hugely popular destination for Swedes of all ages in the summer months. The Polferries terminal also offer regular routes to Gdansk in Poland. Several cruise ships on tours in the Baltic Sea also stay in the harbour, because they are too large to go into Stockholm.
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Oostduinkerke
Oostduinkerke is a popular seaside resort in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The name Oostduinkerke translates as 'East Dunkirk'. The town originally shared its name with the French city of Dunkirk; therefore, in the 13th century, 'Oost-' was added to its name to avoid confusion with its French counterpart. Oostduinkerke is part of Koksijde, which also includes St-Idesbald and Wulpen.
Oostduinkerke lies amidst a dune area (approximately 2.4 km²), which is now a protected nature reserve.
To go for walks in the nature reserves (7 km²) or on the beach (8 km) or on the promenade (3.6 km) is a refreshing experience. The sandy beach stretches from 250 to 700 m at ebb-tide and extends over 30 km, via De Panne to the beach of Dunkirk (France), which explains why Oostduinkerke is popular with sand yachters and parakarters.
Oostduinkerke is known for its shrimpers on horseback, a considerable tourist attraction. It is the only place in the world where you can see such shrimpers. Fishery folklore is still very much alive.
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Pirita River
The Pirita River (Estonian: Pirita jõgi) is a 105 km (65 mi) long river in northern Estonia that drains into the Gulf of Finland in Pirita, Tallinn. The basin area of Pirita is 799 km².
For the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow, the estuary to the Gulf of Finland at the Bay of Tallinn hosted the sailing events.
Spring flooding on the headwaters in Kose.
Pedestrian bridge in Kose.
Aerial view at Pirita River near Jüri.
Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre in the estuary of Pirita River.
Coordinates: 59°27′52.27″N 24°50′6.24″E / 59.4645194°N 24.8350667°E / 59.4645194; 24.8350667
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Port Olímpic
The Port Olímpic (English: Olympic Harbour) is a marina located in Barcelona, Catalonia. Located east of the Port of Barcelona, it hosted the sailing events for the 1992 Summer Olympics.
The venue was opened in 1991.
Coordinates: 41°23′12″N 2°12′1″E / 41.38667°N 2.20028°E / 41.38667; 2.20028
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Ramsgate
Coordinates: 51°20′38″N 1°24′15″E / 51.343910°N 1.404030°E / 51.343910; 1.404030
Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century and is a member of the ancient confederation of Cinque Ports. It has a population of around 40,000. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast and Port of Ramsgate has provided cross channel ferries for many years.
Ramsgate began as a fishing and farming hamlet. Ramsgate as a name has its earliest reference as "Hraefn's gate", or "raven's cliff gap", later to be rendered 'Ramisgate' or 'Remmesgate' around 1225 and 'Ramesgate' from 1357. The legendary mercenaries Hengest and Horsa landed in the 5th century to herald the pagan Anglo-Saxon age in England. The Christian missionary St. Augustine landed in Ramsgate in 597 which re-established the link between England and the Christian church in Rome.
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Siege of Ostend
The Siege of Ostend was a three-year siege of the city of Ostend (in present-day Belgium) during the Eighty Years' War and one of the longest sieges in history. It is remembered as the bloodiest battle of the war, and culminated in a Spanish victory. It is said "the Spanish assailed the unassailable; the Dutch defended the indefensible."
Described as a "long carnival of death", in 1603, General Spinola assumed command of the Spanish forces. Under his able leadership, the Spanish tore Ostend's outer defenses from the exhausted Dutch and put what remained of the city under the muzzles of their guns, compelling the Dutch to surrender. The cost of the victory was enormous: 35,000 men in the blasted trenches and dugouts surrounding the ruined city.
The devastation led to the first serious discussions for peace but the negotiations, instead, produced a Twelve-Year Truce (1609-1621) between Spain and the United Provinces.
Coordinates: 51°13′01″N 2°54′00″E / 51.217°N 2.900°E / 51.217; 2.900
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Solent
The Solent is a strait separating the Isle of Wight from the mainland of England.
The Solent is a major shipping route for passengers, freight and military vessels. It is an important recreational area for water sports, particularly yachting, hosting the Cowes Week sailing event annually. It is sheltered by the Isle of Wight and has a very complex tidal pattern, which has greatly benefited Southampton's success as a port. Portsmouth lies on its shores. Spithead, an area off Gilkicker Point near Gosport, is known as the place where the Royal Navy is traditionally reviewed by the monarch of the day.
The area is of great ecological and landscape importance, particularly because of the coastal and estuarine habitats along the edge of the Solent. Much of its coastline is designated as a Special Area of Conservation. It is bordered by and forms a part of the character of a number of nationally important protected landscapes including the New Forest National Park, and the Isle of Wight AONB.
First recorded in 731 as Soluente, Solent is "an ancient pre-English name of uncertain origin and meaning."
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Southampton Water
Southampton Water is a tidal estuary north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight in England. The city of Southampton lies at its most northerly point. Along its salt marsh-fringed western shores lie the New Forest villages of Hythe and "the waterside", Dibden Bay, and the Esso oil refinery at Fawley. On the slightly steeper eastern shore are the Southampton suburb of Weston, the villages of Netley and Hamble-le-Rice, and the Royal Victoria Country Park.
Together with the Solent, Southampton Water is world-renowned for yachting. It served as one of the sailing events for the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Geographically, Southampton Water is classified as a ria, or drowned valley, of the English Channel. It was formed by the rivers Test, Itchen and Hamble which flow in to it, and became an inlet of the sea at the end of the last ice age when sea levels rose, flooding many valleys in the south of England.
Southampton's emergence as a major port, and particularly as a port handling very large vessels, depended partly on certain geographical features of Southampton Water. Its depth, even in its undeveloped state, was generous; this depth of water has been increased over the years with comparative ease since the soft silt of the river-bed allows for easy dredging. An additional factor is the phenomenon of the "double tide", which results in unusually prolonged periods of high water. This greatly facilitates the movements of very large ships.
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Stade Joseph Marien
Stade Joseph Marien is a multi-use stadium in Brussels, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of R. Union Saint-Gilloise. The stadium holds 8,000 and was opened in 1919. It is located within the Duden park and its entrance is at one end of the Rue du Stade.
It hosted some of the football events for the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 50°49′4″N 4°19′45″E / 50.81778°N 4.32917°E / 50.81778; 4.32917
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Testerep
Testerep (or Ter Streep) was an island along the Belgian coast. Fishing villages were scattered about, among them were Oostende and Westende. Oostende being the far east (Oost-ende: east-end), Westende the far west (West-ende: west-end), and Middelkerke (literally 'middle-church') the middle of the island. Later, the sea level dropped and the island became connected to the Belgian coast.
Coordinates: 51°11′24″N 2°49′48″E / 51.19°N 2.83°E / 51.19; 2.83
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Torbay
Torbay ( /tɔrˈbeɪ/) is an east-facing bay and natural harbour, at the westernmost end of Lyme Bay in the south-west of England, roughly equidistant from the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. Consisting of the towns of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, and part of the ceremonial county of Devon, Torbay was made a unitary authority on 1 April 1998. Tourist authorities call it the "English Riviera" on account of its beaches and mild climate; it is a popular area with holiday makers.
That Torbay has been inhabited since paleolithic times is shown by human bones and tools found in Kents Cavern in Torquay. A maxilla fragment known as Kents Cavern 4 may be the oldest example of a modern human in Europe, dating back to 37,000–40,000 years ago.Roman soldiers are known to have visited Torquay during the period when Britain was a part of the Roman Empire, leaving offerings at a curious rock formation in Kent's Cavern, known as "The Face".
Both Brixham and Paignton appear in the Domesday Book of 1086 and Paignton was given the status of a borough having a market and fair in 1294. The first major building in Torquay was Torre Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery founded in 1196.
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Wassaw Sound
Wassaw Sound is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Georgia, United States near Savannah where which the Wilmington River flows.
It was the location of an American Civil War naval battle between the CSS Atlanta and Union ships in 1863.
It is the location of a hydrogen bomb lost by a B-47 Stratojet bomber in 1958. This lost hydrogen bomb is also known as the Tybee Bomb. On the night of February 5, 1958 a B-47 Stratojet bomber carrying a hydrogen bomb on a night training flight off the Georgia coast collided with an F-86 Saberjet fighter at 36,000 feet. The collision destroyed the fighter and severely damaged a wing of the bomber, leaving one of its engines partially dislodged. The bomber's pilot, Maj. Howard Richardson, was instructed to jettison the H-bomb before attempting a landing. Richardson dropped the bomb into the shallow waters of Wassaw Sound, near the mouth of the Savannah River, a few miles from the city of Tybee Island, where he believed the bomb would be swiftly recovered.
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West Flanders
West Flanders (Dutch: West-Vlaanderen [ˌβ̞ɛst.ˈflaːn.də.rə(n)] ( listen); West Flemish: West Vloandern; French: (Province de) Flandre-Occidentale; German: Westflandern) is the westernmost province of the Flemish Region, also named Flanders, in Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) on the Netherlands, the Flemish province of East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen) and the Walloon province of Hainaut (Henegouwen) in Belgium, on France, and the North Sea. Its capital is Bruges (Brugge). Other important cities are Kortrijk in the south and Ostend along the coastline. The province has an area of 3,125 km² which is divided into eight administrative districts (arrondissementen) containing 64 municipalities.
The whole Belgian North Sea coast, an important tourism destination, lies in West Flanders. A tram line runs the length of the coast, from De Panne on the French border to Knokke-Heist on the Dutch frontier.
West Flanders consists of the North Sea coast, followed by a very flat polder landscape. Only in the south are some small hills, with the Kemmelberg (159 m) being the highest point in the province. The Leie and IJzer are the main rivers. West Flanders is the only Belgian province that borders both France and The Netherlands.
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Westende
Westende is a town in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West-Flanders. It lies on the Belgian coast, also called Flemish coast. It used to be the far west (West-ende: Dutch for west-end) of the island Testerep which lay along the Belgian coast.
Coordinates: 51°10′N 2°46′E / 51.167°N 2.767°E / 51.167; 2.767
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Zeebrugge
Zeebrugge (Dutch: Zeebrugge, French: Zeebruges, meaning "Brugge aan Zee" or "Bruges on Sea") is a village on the coast of Belgium and a subdivision of Bruges, for which it is the modern port. Zeebrugge serves as both the international port of Bruges-Zeebrugge and a seafront resort with hotels, cafés, a marina and a beach.
Located on the coast of the North Sea, the busiest sea in the world, its central location on the Belgian coast, short distance to Great Britain and close vicinity to densely populated industrialized cities make Zeebrugge a crossroads for traffic from all directions. An expressway to Bruges connects Zeebrugge to the European motorway system; one can also get to and from Zeebrugge by train or tram.
It is Belgium's most important fishing port and the wholesale fish market located there is one of the largest in Europe.
Aside from being a passenger terminal with ferries to the United Kingdom, the harbour serves as the central port for Europe's automotive industry and is important for the import, handling and storage of energy products, agriculture products and other general cargo. Zeebrugge has the largest LNG terminal complex in Europe.
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Zuiderzee
The Zuiderzee (/ˌzaɪdər ˈzeɪ/; Dutch: Zuiderzee, Dutch: [ˌzœy̆dərˈzeː]; old spelling Zuyderzee) was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 metres (13–16 feet) and a coastline of about 300 km (200 miles). It covered 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi). Its name means "southern sea" in Dutch, indicating that the origin of the name can be found in Friesland to the north of the Zuiderzee (also see North Sea). In the 20th century the majority of the Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea (leaving the mouth of the inlet to become part of the Wadden Sea) and the salt water inlet changed into a fresh water lake called the IJsselmeer (IJssel Lake) after the river that drains into it, and by means of drainage and polders, an area of some 1,500 km2 (580 sq mi) was reclaimed as land. This land eventually became the province of Flevoland, with a population of nearly 400,000 (2011).
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Alain Delon
Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ dəlɔ̃]; born 8 November 1935) is a French-Swiss actor. He rose quickly to stardom, and by the age of 23 was already being compared to French actors such as Gérard Philipe and Jean Marais, as well as American actor James Dean. He was even called the male Brigitte Bardot. Over the course of his career, Delon has worked with many well-known directors, including Luchino Visconti, Jean-Luc Godard, Jean-Pierre Melville, Michelangelo Antonioni and Louis Malle.
Delon acquired Swiss citizenship on September 23, 1999, and the company managing products sold under his name is based in Geneva. He is a citizen of the community of Chêne-Bougeries in the canton of Geneva.
Delon was born in Sceaux, Seine (now Hauts-de-Seine), Île-de-France, a suburb of Paris. His parents, Édith (née Arnold) and Fabien Delon, divorced when Delon was four. Both remarried, and Delon has a half-sister and two half-brothers. He attended a Roman Catholic boarding school, the first of several schools from which he was expelled because of unruly behavior. Teachers once tried to convince him to enter the priesthood because of his aptitude in religious studies.
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Alfred Belpaire
Alfred Jules Belpaire (26 September 1820 – 27 January 1893) was a Belgian locomotive engineer who invented the square-topped Belpaire firebox in 1860.
Belpaire was born in Ostend, and he went to university in Paris, at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures.
He died in Schaarbeek, aged 72.
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Bart van den Bossche
Bart Van den Bossche (born 17 April 1964) is a Flemish singer, actor and radio/tv presenter.
He was born in Oostende, Belgium but grew up in Kortrijk, to which he dedicated his song De stad van mijn jeugd (The town of my youth). During his humanities studies he started to play the guitar and sing. After graduation he went to the Brussels conservatorium. His musical style is heavily influenced by Johan Verminnen and Raymond van het Groenewoud, mentioned in his song 'k Heb bijna alles (I have nearly everything).
His first hit Overstuur came out in 1986.
As an actor he took part in the playwright Maria Viers lokaal in 1989/1990. He's also presented the VTM programs Videodinges, Kok en Cº, De dag van 100,000 and Haha Reclame, and the radio programs Het leven is mooi and VDB.
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Catherine Deneuve
Catherine Deneuve (French pronunciation: [katʁin dəˈnœv], born 22 October 1943) is a French actress. She gained recognition for her portrayal of aloof and mysterious beauties in films such as Repulsion (1965) and Belle de jour (1967). Deneuve was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1993 for her performance in Indochine; she also won César Awards for that film and The Last Metro (1980). One of France's most renowned actresses, she has also appeared in seven English-language films, most notably the 1983 cult classic The Hunger. In 2008, she appeared in her 100th film, Un conte de Noël.
Deneuve was born Catherine Fabienne Dorléac in occupied Paris to French stage and screen actor Maurice Dorléac and actress Renée Deneuve (born 1912). Deneuve is the second of their three daughters. Her older sister was Françoise Dorléac (1942-1967) and her younger sister is Sylvie Dorléac (born 1946). They have a maternal half-sister, Danielle (born 1937). Deneuve attended Catholic schools.
As Catherine Dorléac, she made her film debut at age eleven in Les Collégiennes (1957), filmed in 1955 but not released until two years later. Deneuve subsequently began using her mother's surname professionally so she wouldn't be confused with her elder sister, Françoise Dorléac, who was using their father's name.
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Constant Permeke
Constant Permeke (Dutch pronunciation: [kɔ̃ ˈstɑ̃ ˑ pɛʀˈmeˑkə]; 31 July 1886 – 4 January 1952) was a Belgian painter and sculptor who is considered the leading figure of Flemish expressionism.
Permeke was born in Antwerp but when he was six years old the family moved to Ostend, where his father became curator of the Municipal Museum of Arts. Permeke went to school in Bruges from 1903 until 1906, when he was drafted into the Belgian army. He served in a university company with whom he settled in Sint-Martens-Latem. After his military service ended in March 1908, Permeke returned to Ostend where he roomed together with another artist, Gustave De Smet but in 1909 he returned to Latem where he lived as a recluse. His work of this period is characterized by his heavy brush. In 1912 Permeke married Maria Delaere and the newlyweds settled in Ostend. His work from this period gains its expressive force through muted tonality and brutal forms.
When World War I started, Permeke was mobilized and during the defense of Antwerp he was wounded in action near the town of Duffel. His wounds forced him to be evacuated to the United Kingdom where he was in hospital at South Hillwood. After his release from hospital he was reunited with his family in Folkestone, where his son John was born. In 1916 he moved to Chardstock in Devonshire and started painting again, mostly colorful English landscapes. After the end of the war, the Permeke family returned to Ostend in 1919. In contrast to the happy time in Devonshire, the harsh reality of the worker's life turned Permeke's work back to a gloomier mood as he mainly painted the harsh fisherman's life.
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Delphine Seyrig
Delphine Claire Beltiane Seyrig (April 10, 1932 – October 15, 1990) was a stage and film actress and a film director.
Seyrig was the daughter of archaeologist Henri Seyrig and Hermine de Saussure, sister of the composer Francis Seyrig. She grew up in Lebanon and her family moved to New York when she was 10 years old. When her parents returned to Lebanon in the late 1940s, she was sent to school at the Le Collège-Lycée Cévenol International, a unique secondary school in Haute-Loire, France, which had been founded by Protestant pacifists and social justice activists ten years earlier in 1938. Seyrig attended Cévenol from 1947 to 1950.
As a young woman, Seyrig studied acting at Comédie de Saint-Étienne, training under Jean Dasté, and at Centre Dramatique de l'Est. She appeared briefly in small roles in TV series Sherlock Holmes. In 1956 she returned to New York and studied at Actors' Studio. In 1958 she appeared in her first film, Pull My Daisy. In New York she met the director Alain Resnais, who asked her to star in his film, L'Année dernière à Marienbad. Her performance brought her international recognition and she moved to Paris. Among her roles of this period is the older married woman in François Truffaut's Baisers volés (1968).
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Dutch people
The Dutch people (Dutch: Nederlanders (help·info)) are an ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a common culture and speak the Dutch language. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in Suriname, Chile, Brazil, Canada,Australia,South Africa,New Zealand, and the United States.
The traditional art and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of traditional music, dances, architectural styles and clothing, some of which are globally recognizable. Internationally, Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer and Van Gogh are held in high regard. The dominant religion of the Dutch is Christianity (both Catholic and Protestant), although in modern times the majority is no longer (openly) religious. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of humanism, agnosticism, atheism or individual spirituality.
In the Middle Ages the Low Countries were situated around the border of France and the Holy Roman Empire, forming a part of their respective peripheries, and the various territories of which they consisted had de facto become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the Habsburgs, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from Spain as the Dutch Republic. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a relatively early date. During the Republic the first series of large scale Dutch migrations outside of Europe took place.
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Gerard Brackx
Gerardus "Gerard" Brackx (1931, Ostend – 19 September 2011) was a Belgian businessman, pioneer of the Belgian travel business and founder of Jetair. His father was a Catholic businessman who owned a factory which produced washing machines and bicycles. Gerard was the seventh child out of nine. On the verge of World War II, his father died of pneumonia and Gerard had to start help working at the age of 16 to earn money for his family.
At the age of 24, after finishing school and serving in the army (part of which he spent in Kassel, Germany), he dreamt of a future in cars and travel. He married Diane Provoost, whose father had a garage where he started his career as a salesman. He worked there for five years when he saw the first busses appear in the garage. In 1956, together with his brother-in-law, Roger Provoost, he started organizing bus travels during the summer months (when the buses stood idle) through Reiskantoren Royal Tours for British tourists visiting the Belgian coast. In addition he started offering tours for Flemings to the English coast across the English Channel.
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Gustaaf Sorel
Gustaaf Sorel (17 January 1905 – 14 May 1981) was a Belgian painter known for his representations of gloomy people and bleak street sights.
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Henri Storck
Henri Storck (1907, Ostend – 17 September 1999) was a Belgian author, film-maker and documentarist.
In 1933, he directed, with Joris Ivens, Misère au Borinage, a film about the miners in the Borinage area. In 1938, with Andre Thirifays and Pierre Vermeylen, he founded the Cinémathèque Royale de Belgique (Royal Belgian Film Archive). He was an actor in two key films of the history of the cinema: Jean Vigo's Zéro de conduite (1933) in the role of the priest, and Chantal Akerman's Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quay Commercial, 1080 Brussels (1976) in the role of a customer of the prostitute.
Jacqueline Aubenas wrote about him, in her expository work, It's been going on for 100 years: a history of the francophone cinema of Belgium: "There emerges forcefully the personality of a cineaste who is not a militant in the sense that this term had in the 1930s for Soviet directors who held an ideology, but in the sense of a generous man who will never choose the wrong side and who will be, in ethics as well as in esthetics, in the first line of battle".
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Herman Brusselmans
Herman Frans Martha Brusselmans (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛrmɑn ˈbrʏsəlmɑns]; born 9 October 1957 in Hamme, Belgium) is a Flemish novelist, poet, playwright and columnist. He lives in Ghent.
Herman Brusselmans studied Dutch and English at the University of Ghent. In his early twenties he was a successful football player. He played for Vigor Hamme and SK Lokeren. He now has his own football team called "De Woody's", after his late dog Woody. Brusselmans married in 1981 but divorced several years later. He married his second wife Tania in 2005.
Brusselmans gained widespread popularity in the early 1980s as part of the new generation of young Flemish novelists that included Tom Lanoye and Kristien Hemmerechts.
Although Herman Brusselmans recently stated in the Flemish magazine HUMO that he would stop writing about existing people and situations, his work is highly autobiographical up to this point. Alcohol, sex and boredom are recurring themes throughout his work.
Not only his work contributed to his stardom, but also his media appearances. He used to have his own television show, and still appears regularly on talkshows. He also has a weekly column in HUMO. Bold, straightforward statements and comments have become his trademark throughout the years and always attract attention. This trademark cost him several lawsuits. The most memorable of which was when Ann Demeulemeester, a Belgian fashion designer, filed a complaint with the court about a remark that was made about her in "Uitgeverij Guggenheimer". This led to a recall of the book in Belgium.
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James Ensor
James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor (13 April 1860 – 19 November 1949) was a Flemish-Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for almost his entire life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX.
Ensor's father, James Frederic Ensor, born in Brussels of English parents, was a cultivated man who studied engineering in England and Germany. Ensor's mother, Maria Catherina Haegheman, was Belgian. Ensor himself lacked interest in academic study and left school at the age of fifteen to begin his artistic training with two local painters. From 1877 to 1880, he attended the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, where one of his fellow students was Fernand Khnopff. Ensor first exhibited his work in 1881. From 1880 until 1917, he had his studio in the attic of his parents' house. His only travels were three brief trips to Paris, London, and Holland.
During the late 19th century much of his work was rejected as scandalous, particularly his painting Entry of Christ into Brussels (1888–89), but his paintings continued to be exhibited, and he gradually won acceptance and acclaim. In 1895 his painting The Lamp Boy (1880) was acquired by the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels, and he had his first solo exhibition in Brussels. By 1920 he was the subject of major exhibitions; in 1929 he was named a Baron by King Albert, and was the subject of the Belgian composer Flor Alpaerts's "James Ensor Suite"; and in 1933 he was awarded the band of the Légion d'honneur. Even in the first decade of the 20th century, however, his production of new works was diminishing, and he increasingly concentrated on music—although he had no musical training, he was a gifted improviser on the harmonium, and spent much time performing for visitors.
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Johan Vande Lanotte
Johan Cyrille Corneel Vande Lanotte (born 6 July 1955, Poperinge) is a Belgian politician. He is a member of the SP.A, and became its party president on 15 October 2005. He handed down his leadership positions after the SP.A lost in the 2007 general election.
In 1978 he graduated magna cum laude in Political and Social Sciences, option: Sociology (Master degree) from the University of Antwerp. In 1981 he added, again magna cum laude, a master in Law at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
He graduated as Doctor in Law at the Ghent University in 1986. The subject of his dissertation was decentralisation in the Belgian political context. It was awarded with the Prize of the Belgian Institute for Administrative Sciences.
During his doctorate, he studied at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law (Lausanne) with the Von Calcken scholarship of the Council of Europe, at the Lille University (France), the Leiden University (Netherlands) and the Université de Sherbrooke in Quebec.
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Karel Jonckheere
Karel Jonckheere (Ostend, 9 April 1906 – Rijmenam, 13 December 1993) was a Flemish writer. Karel Jonckheere was also a world traveler, he visited Cuba, Mexico, the United States, Congo, South Africa, India, Romania, the Balkans and many West-European countries. His journeys were a source of inspiration for his poems and novels.
He went to school at the Royal Athenaeum of Ostend, where he attended the scientific high school (humaniora). Afterwards high school he went to Ghent and attended the Rijksmiddelbare Normaalschool to become a teacher for secondary education (Germanic languages).
He started his professional career as a clerk in Oostende. In 1929, he started his career as a teacher, first at the secondary school of Gembloers, then in 1930, at Nieuwpoort and finally in 1944, in Ghent. In 1945, he was for a while secretary of the Belgian minister of internal affairs, and in the same year he became director of the Rijksmiddelbare School (E: state high school) in Veurne. In 1946, he was appointed inspector of the public libraries. In 1953, he became employed as a civil servant at the Ministry of National Education and Culture.
wn.com/Karel_Jonckheere -
Leopold I of Belgium
Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick; German: Leopold Georg Christian Friedrich; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. His children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico. He was also an uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
He was born in Coburg and died in Laeken.
He was the youngest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, and later became a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after Saxe-Coburg acquired Gotha from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in 1836 and yielded Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen.
In 1795, as a mere child, Leopold was appointed colonel of the Izmaylovsky Guards Regiment in Russia. Seven years later, he became a major general. When Napoleonic troops occupied the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg in 1806 Leopold went to Paris. Emperor Napoleon I offered him the position of adjutant, but he refused. Instead, he took up a military career in the Imperial Russian Cavalry. He campaigned against Napoléon and distinguished himself at the Battle of Kulm at the head of his cuirassier division. In 1815, at the age of 25, Leopold reached the rank of lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army.
wn.com/Leopold_I_of_Belgium -
Lolo Ferrari
Lolo Ferrari, born Eve Valois ((1963-02-09)February 9, 1963 – March 5, 2000), was a French dancer, sex star, pornographic actress, actress and singer billed as "the woman with the largest breasts in the world" though their size was artificially achieved.
She entered the international limelight in 1995 and appeared in the French Guinness Book of World Records in 1996 and again in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1999. Her death in 2000 was initially ruled a suicide, but suspicions remained that her husband may have been involved. He was cleared in 2007.
Born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France, Eve Valois was raised in the resort town of La Baule. She often talked about an unhappy childhood, with her father absent and her mother disliking her. As a teenager, she obtained a few modelling jobs.
In 1988, she married Eric Vigne, a former drug dealer 15 years her senior who had just been released from prison. She then started to work as a model with her husband as manager. She also worked as a prostitute and her husband was arrested for being her pimp.
wn.com/Lolo_Ferrari -
Louise of Orléans
Louise of Orléans (Louise Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle; 3 April 1812 – 11 October 1850) was born a Princess of Orléans and was Queen consort of the Belgians as the last wife of King Leopold I. She is an ancestress of the present King of Belgium, Italian Royal Pretender (Prince of Naples), the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the present Prince Napoléon - head of the Imperial House of France.
Born in Palermo, Sicily, on 3 April 1812, she was the eldest daughter of the future King Louis-Philippe I, King of the French and of his wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies. As a child, she had a religious and bourgeoise education thanks to the part played by her mother and her aunt, Louise Marie Adélaïde Eugénie d'Orléans to whom she was very close.
On her father's side, she was a descendant of Philippe Égalité, Philippe d'Orléans, Regent for Louis XV, Madame de Montespan, and of Louis XIV and Philippe I, Duke of Orléans both the sons of Louis XIII. On her mother's side, she was a descendant of Maria Theresa of Austria and Catherine de' Medici. At the accession of her father to the throne, under the name Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, when she was eighteen, Louise became a princesse d'Orléans.
wn.com/Louise_of_Orléans -
Marvin Gaye
Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. (April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984), better known by his stage name Marvin Gaye (he added the 'e' as a young man), was an acclaimed American singer-songwriter and musician with a three-octave vocal range, who achieved major success in the 1960s and 1970s as an artist for the Motown Records label. He was shot dead by his father on April 1, 1984.
Starting his career as a member of the doo-wop group The Moonglows in the late 1950s, he ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960, signing with Motown Records subsidiary, Tamla. He started off as a session drummer, but later ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the 1960s. He was crowned "The Prince of Motown" and "The Prince of Soul". because of solo hits such as "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)", "Ain't That Peculiar", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine," and his duet singles with singers such as Mary Wells and Tammi Terrell.
His work in the early- and mid-1970s included the albums, What's Going On, Let's Get It On, and I Want You, which helped influence the quiet storm, urban adult contemporary, and slow jam genres. After a self-imposed European exile in the early 1980s, Gaye returned on the 1982 Grammy-Award winning hit, "Sexual Healing" and the Midnight Love album before his death.
wn.com/Marvin_Gaye -
Mimi Lamote
Mimi Lamote (born Ostend, 27 April 1964) is a Belgian businesswoman. Since December 2006, she is the Chair of the Flemish Socio-economic Forum of Flanders in Action of the Flemish government. She is a member of the board of Belgacom. Mimi Lamote is married with Peter Otten and lives in Tielrode.
She obtained a master in economics at the University of Antwerp and a master in Retail Management at the Tias University of Tilburg.
From 2001 until 2005, she was General Manager of the C&A Belgium-Luxemburg company of the Brenninkmeijer family. From 2001 until 2004, she was a member of the board of the Federation of Belgian Enterprises (VBO) and a member of the board of Fedis. From January 2005 to June 2006, she succeeded Etienne Kaesteker as CEO of the SCF retail group comprising E5-mode and Sportorama (Sint Niklaas (Belgium)) and ECG UAB/E5-Mode Baltic UAB/ Edvalda UAB (Kaunas (Lithuania)). Since 1 February 2007, she is a member of the management team of ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), an Antwerp hospital group. She is Managing Director of Eugenius BVBA.
wn.com/Mimi_Lamote -
Raoul Servais
Raoul Servais (born 1 May 1928) is a Belgian filmmaker. He was born in Ostend.
wn.com/Raoul_Servais -
Robert Triffin
Robert Triffin (5 October 1911, Flobecq, Belgium – 23 February 1993, Ostend, Belgium) was a Belgian economist best known for his critique of the Bretton Woods system of fixed currency exchange rates. His critique became known later as Triffin's dilemma.
Triffin received his doctorate degree (Ph.D.) from Harvard University in 1938 and taught there from 1939 until 1942. He held positions in the US Federal Reserve System (1942–1946), the International Monetary Fund (1946–1948), and the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (1948–1951), now the OECD. In 1951 he became a professor of economics at Yale University.
Triffin became a U.S. citizen in 1942. He reclaimed his Belgian citizenship in 1977 and returned to reside in Europe. There he was a staunch supporter of European integration and helped to develop the European Monetary System and supported the concept of a central bank, which developed as the European Central Bank.
wn.com/Robert_Triffin -
Robert Van De Walle
Robert Van de Walle (born 20 May 1954) is a Belgian judoka. He was the first judoka to ever compete at five Olympics.
He was born in Ostend.
At the 1980 Summer Olympics he won the gold medal in the men's half-heavyweight category and in 1988, at the relatively late age of thirty-four, he won a second medal: a bronze one in the same category. He competed in his fifth and final Olympics in 1992 at age 38, reaching the quarter finals.
He continued competing successfully at the highest level of competition for several years after that. During his career Van de Walle also captured three European titles: in 1980, 1985 and 1986. Together with Ingrid Berghmans he was the face of Belgian judo in the late 1970s and 1980s.
wn.com/Robert_Van_De_Walle -
Rudolf Vanmoerkerke
Rudolf Vanmoerkerke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈryː.dɔlf vɐn.ˈmur.kɛr.kə]) is a Belgian businessman and a pioneer of the Belgian travel industry. He is the former president of the basketball club Sunair (later Telindus, now Base) Oostende.
In 1953 he founded the West Belgian Coach Company, with which he organised bus tours on the European continent especially for British customers. In 1968, he bought the ailing tour operator Sunair, and started to offer air travel vacations.
Six years later he merged all his business in Sun International, which became the dominant travel group in Belgium and in 1984, was registered on the Belgian stock market. In 1976, he started his own airline company Air Belgium, as a counterpart of Trans European Airways (TEA) of his competitor Sunsnacks. He bought several tour operators in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom, but only on the British market Vanmoerkerke got a foothold. In 1987, he built the first Sun Parks resort in Oostduinkerke.
Financial problems and the departure of the German group ITS/Kaufhof from the company capital led to the disinvestment of Air Belgium and later also Sunair. After the sale, his son Mark Vanmoerkerke became the owner of Sun Parks.
wn.com/Rudolf_Vanmoerkerke -
Stefaan Maene
Stefaan Maene (born May 13, 1972 in Ostend) is a former backstroke and medley swimmer from Belgium, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He won his first international medal at the inaugural 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships in Palma de Mallorca: bronze in the 200 m backstroke. Two years later, at the 1995 European Aquatics Championships in Vienna, Austria, Maene gained bronze in the 100 m backstroke.
wn.com/Stefaan_Maene
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Ostend Belgium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
A short video about our recent gastronomic trip to Ostend organised by visit Flanders and LD Lines Ferries. As you can see we had a load of really great food, but to walk it all off we took a good walk around the city of Ostend. There's a lot to do, including visiting the James Ensor House, a walk around the Marina, but the main draw for me was the magnificent beach where all sorts of water sports are possible, including kite-boarding, kayaking or even swimming! Read the blog at www.eurodestination.com
http://wn.com/Ostend_Belgium
A short video about our recent gastronomic trip to Ostend organised by visit Flanders and LD Lines Ferries. As you can see we had a load of really great food, but to walk it all off we took a good walk around the city of Ostend. There's a lot to do, including visiting the James Ensor House, a walk around the Marina, but the main draw for me was the magnificent beach where all sorts of water sports are possible, including kite-boarding, kayaking or even swimming! Read the blog at www.eurodestination.com
Ostend Weekend - Oostende Belgium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Autumn beach walk in Oostende, known as "The Queen of Belgian sea-side resorts". Viewable in enhanced quality on vimeo.com
http://wn.com/Ostend_Weekend_Oostende_Belgium
Autumn beach walk in Oostende, known as "The Queen of Belgian sea-side resorts". Viewable in enhanced quality on vimeo.com
- published: 27 Sep 2008
- views: 9096
- author: philmotronic
The roaring twenties : Oostende (Ostend) Belgium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Ostend with its unique Byzantine styled casino by architect Alban Chambon and its somptuous Art Deco buildings was a paramount beach resort in Western Europe at the age of Belle epoque. Short chronicle of a lost world in twenty images..
http://wn.com/The_roaring_twenties_Oostende_Ostend_Belgium
Ostend with its unique Byzantine styled casino by architect Alban Chambon and its somptuous Art Deco buildings was a paramount beach resort in Western Europe at the age of Belle epoque. Short chronicle of a lost world in twenty images..
- published: 29 May 2008
- views: 15422
- author: philmotronic
Ostend 2000
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
The Belgian coastal tramway in the centre of Ostend 2000. Sipping beer and watching trams - great, but the bright susnhine made some hard shadows.
http://wn.com/Ostend_2000
The Belgian coastal tramway in the centre of Ostend 2000. Sipping beer and watching trams - great, but the bright susnhine made some hard shadows.
- published: 23 Oct 2009
- views: 2646
- author: Muddledale
Ramsgate Ostend Ferry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Our trip on the Ramsgate to Ostende ferry on Transeuropa ferries and LD lines service
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Ostend_Ferry
Our trip on the Ramsgate to Ostende ferry on Transeuropa ferries and LD lines service
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 9449
- author: eurodestination
Marvin Gaye - rehearsing I WANT YOU in Ostend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Marvin rehearsing I WANT YOU in his hotel room in Ostend (Belgium) before a concert in 1981.
http://wn.com/Marvin_Gaye_rehearsing_I_WANT_YOU_in_Ostend
Marvin rehearsing I WANT YOU in his hotel room in Ostend (Belgium) before a concert in 1981.
- published: 04 Aug 2008
- views: 94538
- author: sandfordway
Marvin Gaye - After The Dance (Live In Ostend, 1981)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Marvin Gaye Live @ Casino Oostende, Belgium [Zomerhappening 1981] One of his best songs, in my opinion.
http://wn.com/Marvin_Gaye_After_The_Dance_Live_In_Ostend,_1981
Marvin Gaye Live @ Casino Oostende, Belgium [Zomerhappening 1981] One of his best songs, in my opinion.
- published: 07 Dec 2009
- views: 91177
- author: GaelDT
Lotto Kite festival International 2009 Oostende (Belgium)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:23
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Kite festival Oostende 09-10-May 2009 registration of the visit of the Mascotte Kite Team specials; Flying a SAUL replica box kite Revolution Mega Team Sanjo Rokkaku Fight with Japanese Drumband
http://wn.com/Lotto_Kite_festival_International_2009_Oostende_Belgium
Kite festival Oostende 09-10-May 2009 registration of the visit of the Mascotte Kite Team specials; Flying a SAUL replica box kite Revolution Mega Team Sanjo Rokkaku Fight with Japanese Drumband
- published: 12 May 2009
- views: 51144
- author: DESIGNKITES
Marvin Gaye - documentary walk - Oostende
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
14 February 1981. Marvin Gaye arrives by ferry in Ostend, together with his little boy, Bubby. It marks the start of a fascinating story about Ostend, Marvin Gaye and the relationship between the two. This documentary walk through the city tells you everything about his comeback and how the monster hit song "Sexual Healing" came to life. Apart from the voice of Marvin Gaye, there are also interviews with Freddie Cousaert, Mike Butcher and many others. The introduction to the walk is given by none other than Jamie Lidell. He is the ideal representative of a whole new generation of soul musicians, for whom Marvin Gaye was strongly influential. Credits: Olivier Films - Richard Olivier, BBC, Sonuma - RTBF, VRT
http://wn.com/Marvin_Gaye_documentary_walk_Oostende
14 February 1981. Marvin Gaye arrives by ferry in Ostend, together with his little boy, Bubby. It marks the start of a fascinating story about Ostend, Marvin Gaye and the relationship between the two. This documentary walk through the city tells you everything about his comeback and how the monster hit song "Sexual Healing" came to life. Apart from the voice of Marvin Gaye, there are also interviews with Freddie Cousaert, Mike Butcher and many others. The introduction to the walk is given by none other than Jamie Lidell. He is the ideal representative of a whole new generation of soul musicians, for whom Marvin Gaye was strongly influential. Credits: Olivier Films - Richard Olivier, BBC, Sonuma - RTBF, VRT
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 13332
- author: visitoostende
LD Lines Ostend Spirit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
www.eurodestination.com A video review of the LD Lines Norman Spirit, now re-named the Ostend Spirt, which has taken over the new Ramsgate to Ostend route.
http://wn.com/LD_Lines_Ostend_Spirit
www.eurodestination.com A video review of the LD Lines Norman Spirit, now re-named the Ostend Spirt, which has taken over the new Ramsgate to Ostend route.
- published: 13 Nov 2009
- views: 4568
- author: eurodestination
Pilot's View Biggin Hill to Oostende-Brugge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:20
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Return trip from Biggin Hill, UK (EGKB) to Oostende-Brugge, Belgium (EBOS) in a Piper Warrior II (PA-28-161)
http://wn.com/Pilot's_View_Biggin_Hill_to_Oostende-Brugge
Return trip from Biggin Hill, UK (EGKB) to Oostende-Brugge, Belgium (EBOS) in a Piper Warrior II (PA-28-161)
- published: 23 Nov 2011
- views: 619
- author: szaniszl
Woodkid - Run Boy Run (Ostend Remix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
RUN BOY RUN EP available now on iTunes : itunes.apple.com IRON EP available on iTunes : itunes.apple.com Watch RUN BOY RUN Music Video : youtu.be Watch IRON Music Video : youtu.be Woodkid on FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com Woodkid on TWITTER: twitter.com www.woodkid.com label-gum.com
http://wn.com/Woodkid_Run_Boy_Run_Ostend_Remix
RUN BOY RUN EP available now on iTunes : itunes.apple.com IRON EP available on iTunes : itunes.apple.com Watch RUN BOY RUN Music Video : youtu.be Watch IRON Music Video : youtu.be Woodkid on FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com Woodkid on TWITTER: twitter.com www.woodkid.com label-gum.com
- published: 25 May 2012
- views: 35213
- author: WOODKIDMUSIC
Lisbon LPPT/LIS to Ostend-Brugge EBOS/OST
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
African International Douglas DC-8-62F
http://wn.com/Lisbon_LPPT_LIS_to_Ostend-Brugge_EBOS_OST
Ostend Powers - Booya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
First videoclip of Ostend Powers, long beach Belgium cross-over band, on the first song of their 2010 debut album. This is a compilation of gigs and roadmovies of Ostend Powers somewhere between now and 2005. Label: Fakto Records Videoclip made by Jim Powers Thanks to Ace and Sk8dave
http://wn.com/Ostend_Powers_Booya
First videoclip of Ostend Powers, long beach Belgium cross-over band, on the first song of their 2010 debut album. This is a compilation of gigs and roadmovies of Ostend Powers somewhere between now and 2005. Label: Fakto Records Videoclip made by Jim Powers Thanks to Ace and Sk8dave
- published: 08 Jun 2010
- views: 6366
- author: pleazlovejim
Ostend Beach 2010 AfterMovie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Aftermovie of the first Ostend Beach festival. See you again in 2011 ! Thank you ! Cameraworx.be
http://wn.com/Ostend_Beach_2010_AfterMovie
Aftermovie of the first Ostend Beach festival. See you again in 2011 ! Thank you ! Cameraworx.be
- published: 07 Jul 2010
- views: 9069
- author: Ostend Beach
Delangn - Stoatsvijand Nr 1 (Ostend By Night Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
all credits for the video go to bartjeostend
http://wn.com/Delangn_Stoatsvijand_Nr_1_Ostend_By_Night_Video
all credits for the video go to bartjeostend
- published: 05 Apr 2012
- views: 4372
- author: OstendStreetStories
Mehrabad Intl to Ostend Mk Airlines B742F
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:07
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
MKA 906 departure
http://wn.com/Mehrabad_Intl_to_Ostend_Mk_Airlines_B742F
Marvin Gaye's life in Ostend, Belgium (Europe) 1981-1982
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:35
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
1980: Marvin Gaye's career was in the doldrums. Haunted by personal, financial and marital problems, he had found refuge in London where he succumbed to all temptations. Freddy Cousaert, a Belgian R&B; and Boxing Club owner offered him to move to the Belgian beach town of Ostend in early 1981. Probably the best thing that ever happened to Marvin. He managed to get his life back on track and progressively resumed a more balanced lifestyle, away from drugs and women. In 1982 he recorded the LP Midnight Love. The song Sexual Healing, written by Gaye and Odell Brown, composed in his Ostend beach apartment and recorded in the studio of Belgian singer Marc Aryan near Brussels, became an immediate success, reaching No. 1 on the R&B; charts, staying there for a record ten weeks. The song crossed over to the pop charts, peaking at No. 3 in early 1983, and became a number-one hit in Canada and New Zealand while reaching the top five in the UK. The video to the song was shot at the Casino of Ostend. "Sexual Healing" won Gaye his first two Grammy Awards including Best Male Vocal Performance, in February 1983, and also won him an American Music Award for Favorite Soul Single. Marvin's stay in Ostend. seemed to herald a new era in his musical career but he remained a troubled man; to put it in his own words; "I am an orphan at the moment and Ostend is my orphanage...there are places I'd rather be but at this particular time I probably need to be here and that is why I stay". The chain of ...
http://wn.com/Marvin_Gaye's_life_in_Ostend,_Belgium_Europe_1981-1982
1980: Marvin Gaye's career was in the doldrums. Haunted by personal, financial and marital problems, he had found refuge in London where he succumbed to all temptations. Freddy Cousaert, a Belgian R&B; and Boxing Club owner offered him to move to the Belgian beach town of Ostend in early 1981. Probably the best thing that ever happened to Marvin. He managed to get his life back on track and progressively resumed a more balanced lifestyle, away from drugs and women. In 1982 he recorded the LP Midnight Love. The song Sexual Healing, written by Gaye and Odell Brown, composed in his Ostend beach apartment and recorded in the studio of Belgian singer Marc Aryan near Brussels, became an immediate success, reaching No. 1 on the R&B; charts, staying there for a record ten weeks. The song crossed over to the pop charts, peaking at No. 3 in early 1983, and became a number-one hit in Canada and New Zealand while reaching the top five in the UK. The video to the song was shot at the Casino of Ostend. "Sexual Healing" won Gaye his first two Grammy Awards including Best Male Vocal Performance, in February 1983, and also won him an American Music Award for Favorite Soul Single. Marvin's stay in Ostend. seemed to herald a new era in his musical career but he remained a troubled man; to put it in his own words; "I am an orphan at the moment and Ostend is my orphanage...there are places I'd rather be but at this particular time I probably need to be here and that is why I stay". The chain of ...
- published: 18 Aug 2012
- views: 4416
- author: philmotronic
Toots Thielemans in the Casino of Oostende (1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Concert played at the end of the 70's. My second encounter with Toots... Rare images of piano player Rob Franken.
http://wn.com/Toots_Thielemans_in_the_Casino_of_Oostende_1
Concert played at the end of the 70's. My second encounter with Toots... Rare images of piano player Rob Franken.
- published: 01 Mar 2007
- views: 16908
- author: Theo de Jong
Atlantic Wall Museum, Oostende, Belgium, Wał Atlantycki
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Atlantic Wall Museum, Oostende, Belgium, Wał Atlantycki, lipiec 2009
http://wn.com/Atlantic_Wall_Museum,_Oostende,_Belgium,_Wał_Atlantycki
Atlantic Wall Museum, Oostende, Belgium, Wał Atlantycki, lipiec 2009
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 2592
- author: fudex67
@Oostende.be
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 11 Apr 2012
@Oostende.be made by Jean's movies: users.telenet.be
http://wn.com/@Oostendebe
@Oostende.be made by Jean's movies: users.telenet.be
- published: 17 Jun 2007
- views: 9874
- author: jeansmovies
Inline Skating Oostende 2009 Senior Ladies Marathon Senior Ladies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 08 Feb 2012
Inline Skating Oostende 2009 Senior Ladies Marathon Senior Ladies
http://wn.com/Inline_Skating_Oostende_2009_Senior_Ladies_Marathon_Senior_Ladies
Inline Skating Oostende 2009 Senior Ladies Marathon Senior Ladies
- published: 08 Aug 2009
- views: 1411
- author: EuroRoller2009
Dance For The Climate (English)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
DO YOUR OWN DANCE: www.dancefortheclimate.org In August 2009 over 10.000 people danced for the climate on the Ostend Beach in Belgium. By joining this global movement and adding your own dance video to this site, you make your own statement that we have to act now on climate change.
http://wn.com/Dance_For_The_Climate_English
DO YOUR OWN DANCE: www.dancefortheclimate.org In August 2009 over 10.000 people danced for the climate on the Ostend Beach in Belgium. By joining this global movement and adding your own dance video to this site, you make your own statement that we have to act now on climate change.
- published: 09 Nov 2009
- views: 54541
- author: dancefortheclimate
photo: Creative Commons / Axou
24 Dec 2012
Steve Jobs was controversial in life, and now his high-tech mega-yacht is associated with a controversy long after his death. The former Apple CEO's ship was impounded in Amsterdam in the middle of a financial battle over a disputed bill. Phillippe Starck, a French product designer and architect, has alleged that Jobs' heirs owe him 3 million euros for his work on Venus, the 256-foot yacht Jobs commissioned before his death ... ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / Adel Hana
25 Dec 2012
Thousands of Christians from the world over have packed Manger Square in Bethlehem to celebrate the birth of Jesus in the ancient West Bank town where he was born. For their Palestinian hosts, this holiday season was an especially joyous one, with the hardships of the Israeli occupation that so often clouded previous Christmas Eve celebrations eased by the United Nations' recent recognition of an independent state of Palestine ... - AP. ....(size: 9.3Kb)
NZ Herald
24 Dec 2012
Benjamin Franklin, reported to have said that "beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy". There's even a T-shirt ... But it's safe to say that a glass of Stonyridge Larose 2010 would have confirmed his conviction ... There are plenty of other options by the glass ($8 to $18) and bottle ($29 to $90) but after making the trip to eat at the Ostend vineyard where the Larose was born, I had to try it ... I fancy it will not be my last....(size: 7.0Kb)
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. bwinparty digital entertainment plc). 14 Decemr 2012. bwin.party digital entertainment plc. ('bwin.party' or the 'Company' and, together with its subsidiaries, the 'Group'). Belgian alliance with Groupe Partouche ... ... ... . Contacts. ... Investors ... Media ... Notes for editors ... It has 5,600 employees including 344 in Belgium, where it has had a presence since 1995 with the casinos in Chaudfontaine, Dinant, Knokke and Ostend....(size: 5.2Kb)
noodls
11 Dec 2012
(Source. Alstom SA). Alstom's new-generation Haliade 150 offshore wind turbine is performing the official type testing phase at the site of Le Carnet, in the Pays de Loire region (France) ... Power Performance and Power Quality Certification. ... In addition to the onshore unit, a second turbine will be installed during the first half of 2013 at the offshore Belwind wind farm which is located near Ostend 45 km off the Belgian coast....(size: 3.1Kb)
CNN
06 Dec 2012
December 5, 2012 -- Updated 2337 GMT (0737 HKT). (CNN) -- Rescue operations were under way in the North Sea after a container vessel collided Wednesday night with a car carrier, which had 24 people aboard when it started sinking, a spokesman for the Netherlands Coast Guard said Thursday ... Four were taken to Rotterdam Hospital, seven to the Koksijde Air Base near Ostend, Belgium, and two were still aboard another vessel, he said ... 0 ... Home ....(size: 2.9Kb)
CNN
06 Dec 2012
December 6, 2012 -- Updated 1000 GMT (1800 HKT). (CNN) -- At least four people were dead and seven others missing when a container vessel collided with a car carrier in the North Sea, the Netherlands Coast Guard said Thursday ... Thirteen crew members were rescued and taken to hospitals in Rotterdam and at the Koksijde Air Base near Ostend, Belgium. Those rescued were suffering from hypothermia and minor injuries, the spokesman said ... 0 ... U.S....(size: 6.2Kb)
Stuff
01 Dec 2012
The hustle and bustle of the city is a distant memory for Sarah Harvey, on an island getaway less than an hour from home. Saturday, 9am ... By the time we reach the island, the hustle and bustle of the city is a distant memory. 10.30am. Having picked up our car from Waiheke Auto Rentals and negotiated who was going to drive and who was going to make the most of the wineries (for the record, I won), we head to Ostend ... Midday ... 1pm ... 3.30pm ... 7pm ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)
Total Film
27 Nov 2012
Taking refuge in the Belgian town of Ostend, Gaye met producer Freddy Cousaert and the two planned the recording of his best-selling album, Midnight Love. The comeback was well and truly on ... Source. Deadline ... Try This... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Indiewire
27 Nov 2012
. ... Martin in the lead, but they have both since moved on. Originally loosely based it on the book "Trouble Man" (it's not clear who has drafted the latest script), the film will catch up with a drug-addicted Gaye, who had by the early '80s, had fallen out of favor with the music industry and its labels, and took refuge in the small, tranquil town of Ostend, Belgium ... We'll see which one wins. [Deadline]. ....(size: 2.9Kb)
Starpulse
21 Nov 2012
Lenny Kravitz has reportedly been tapped to portray Marvin Gaye in filmmaker Julien Temple's forthcoming biopic ... ... The biopic will be shot in Ostend - the town the Sexual Healing star called home in the early 1980s ... Photo Credits ... ....(size: 1.1Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
21 Nov 2012
Jam Entertainment
20 Nov 2012
Tweet. Lenny Kravitz and Marvin Gaye. (WENN.COM file photos) ... The biopic will be shot in Ostend - the town the Sexual Healing star called home in the early 1980s ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
16 Nov 2012
"It's the best job ever of tallying everything we know - and what we don't know - about life in the oceans today," Palumbi said ... Collection of research ... "For the first time, we can provide a very detailed overview of species richness, partitioned among all the marine groups," said Ward Appeltans, a biologist at UNESCO's International Oceanographic Commission office in Ostend, Belgium, who led the effort ... Marine census ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)
NZ Herald
12 Nov 2012
"Whatever stays in your body rules your life." That is the statement iridologist and naturopath Peter Riddering uses to simplify the use of iridology, the study of the iris of the eye for indications of bodily health and disease ... "Everything is in the eye ... "Naturopaths are more nutrition and supplement-based," says Peter ... Peter Riddering works from his Waiheke Island home during the week and at the Ostend market on Saturday mornings ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
For other uses, see Ostend (disambiguation).
| Ostend Oostende (Dutch) |
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 Ostend
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| Coordinates: 51°14′N 02°55′E / 51.233°N 2.917°E / 51.233; 2.917 | |||
| Country | Belgium | ||
| Region | Flemish Region | ||
| Community | Flemish Community | ||
| Province | West Flanders | ||
| Arrondissement | Ostend | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Jean Vandecasteele (SP.A) | ||
| • Governing party/ies | SP.A, CD&V, VLD | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 37.72 km2 (14.56 sq mi) | ||
| Population (1 January 2011)[1] | |||
| • Total | 69,732 | ||
| • Density | 1,800/km2 (4,800/sq mi) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| • Foreigners | 3.95% (7 January 2005) | ||
| Postal codes | 8400 | ||
| Area codes | 059 | ||
| Website | www.oostende.be | ||
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Map of Ostend
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Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, Dutch pronunciation: [oˑsˈtɛndə]; French: Ostende; German: Ostende, German pronunciation: [ɔsˈtɛndə]) is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke (West Flanders), Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
Contents |
History[link]
Origin to Middle Ages[link]
In earlier times, Ostend was nothing more than a small village built on the east-end (Dutch: oost-einde) of an island (originally called Testerep) between the North Sea and a beach lake. Although small, the village rose to the status of "town" around 1265 when the inhabitants were allowed to hold a market and to build a market hall.
The major source of income for the inhabitants was fishing. The North Sea coastline has always been rather unstable and in 1395 the inhabitants decided to build a new Ostend behind large dikes and further away from the always-threatening sea.
Fifteenth to eighteenth century[link]
The strategic position on the North Sea coast had major advantages for Ostend as a harbour but also proved to be a source of trouble. The town was frequently taken, ravaged, ransacked and destroyed by conquering armies. The Dutch rebels, the Geuzen, took control of the town. The Siege of Ostend, 1601 to 1604, of which it was said that "the Spanish assailed the unassailable and the Dutch defended the indefensible", cost a combined total of more than 80,000 dead or wounded, making it the single bloodiest battle of the Eighty Years' War. This shocking event set in motion negotiations that led to a truce several years later. When the truce broke down, it became a Dunkirker base.
After this era, Ostend was turned into a harbour of some importance. In 1722, the Dutch again closed off the entrance to the harbour of Antwerp, the Westerschelde. Therefore, Ostend rose in importance because the town provided an alternative exit to the sea. The Southern Netherlands (largely the territory of present Belgium) had become part of the Austrian Empire. The Austrian Emperor Charles VI granted the town the trade monopoly with Africa and the Far-East. The Oostendse Compagnie (the "Ostend trade company") was allowed to found colonies overseas. However, in 1727 the Oostendse Compagnie was forced to stop its activities because of Dutch and British pressure. The Netherlands and Britain would not allow competitors on the international trade level. Both nations regarded international trade as their privilege.
Modern era[link]
In later times, the harbour of Ostend continued to expand because the harbour dock, as well as the traffic connections with the hinterland, were improved. In 1838, a railway connection with Brussels was constructed. Ostend became a transit harbour to England in 1846 when the first ferry sailed to Dover. It no longer serves the Dover route, but now has passenger and freight connections with Ramsgate. Very important for the image of the town was the attention it started to receive from the Belgian kings Leopold I and Leopold II. Both liked to spend their holidays in Ostend. Important monuments and villas were built to please the Royal Family. The rest of aristocratic Belgium followed and soon Ostend became known as "The Queen of the Belgian sea-side resorts".
In 1866 Ostend was the venue for a crucial meeting of exile Spanish Liberals and Republicans which laid the framework for a major uprising in their country, culminating in Spain's Glorious Revolution two years later.
The town hosted all but one of the sailing events for the 1920 Summer Olympics in neighbouring Antwerp.[2] They also hosted the polo events.[3]
In the twentieth century wars brought significant destruction to Ostend. Many opulent buildings not destroyed in wars were also later razed and replaced with the structures in the modernist architecture style.
Sights[link]
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This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (March 2009) |
- Interesting locations are the Casino and Fort Napoleon.
- Ostend is also famous for its sea-side esplanade, pier, and fine-sand beaches.
- The James Ensor museum can be visited in the house where the artist lived from 1917 until 1949.
- The Mercator, the ex training sailing ship for Belgian merchant navy officers, is now open to the public to view.
- Hippodrome Wellington, horse racing venue.
- St Petrus and St Paulus Church, Ostend (Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk), built in Neo Gothic style.
- In the Mu.Zee (a new museum after the fusion of the Provinciaal Museum voor de Moderne Kunst-Aan-Zee and the "Museum voor Schone Kunsten"), the museum of modern art from the 1830s to the present, you can view works of noted local painters such as James Ensor, Leon Spilliaert, Constant Permeke and the revolutionary post-war Belgian COBRA movement amongst others.
- Beach(es): Ostend is visited by many 'day' tourists, especially during July and August. Tourists from the Belgian inland and foreigners mostly arrive by train (day trips) and head for the closest beach area from the station (kleinstrand). The locals and other residents in Belgium usually occupy the larger beach (grootstrand). Ostend used to be widely visited by British, Germans, French and Dutch, but is now mainly frequented by Belgians and Dutch.
- Near the beach is a well-preserved section of the World War II Atlantic Wall.
- Views from the pier promenade or beach of departing and arriving passenger ferry ships from Ramsgate (UK).
- During summer evenings (or just any kind of weather) you can walk through the little streets around Het Vissersplein. At certain times there are local markets in the neighbourhood streets and in the summer the Vissersplein has music festivals. The Vissersplein (Bonenstraat/Kadzandstraat) is a car free zone with many brasseries where you can sit outside and have a drink. Look towards the port side and find many little fish outlets, and beyond that, again, you can view close the ferries docking.
- Train station.
- Film locations: more and more directors are filming in Ostend.
The movies Place Vendôme with Catherine Deneuve; Daughters of Darkness[4] with Delphine Seyrig as Countess Bathory; Armaguedon[5] with Alain Delon; Camping Cosmos with Lolo Ferrari; and Ex Drummer based on the novel by Herman Brusselmans were partially shot in Ostend. - The comic Le Bal du rat mort[6] about a dreadful invasion of rats, is set in Ostend.
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Ostend | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.08 (55.55) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.29 (43.33) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 62.6 (2.465) |
44.5 (1.752) |
55.0 (2.165) |
45.5 (1.791) |
56.2 (2.213) |
66.7 (2.626) |
59.2 (2.331) |
57.3 (2.256) |
79.9 (3.146) |
78.1 (3.075) |
83.9 (3.303) |
73.2 (2.882) |
762.1 (30.004) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 13 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 127 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[7] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
Jetairfly has its headquarters in Ostend.[8] TAAG Angola Airlines's Ostend offices are on the grounds of Ostend Airport in Ostend.[9]
Gallery[link]
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Flower Clock
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Watertoren Maria Hendrika park.JPG
Municipal park.
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Hippodrome Wellington.
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The Peperbusse – local name for an old church tower from a burned down church
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Vissershuisje.JPG
Spanish Inn 1729 (Kapucijnenstraat).
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The esplanade with the Thermae Palace Hotel, the former royal residence and the casino
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Ostend and the museumship, the barquentine Mercator.
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Traditional fishers' dress – early 20th century.
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Notable residents[link]
References to these notable citizens of Ostend can be found here: Oostendse biografieën (in Dutch)
- Louise of Orléans, first queen of the Belgians
- Lilian Baels, princess
- Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert, Prime Minister of Belgium and Nobel Peace Prize recipient
- Alfred Belpaire, locomotive engineer
- Gerard Brackx, tourism
- Cesar De Paepe, syndicalist
- James Ensor, painter
- Etienne Elias, painter
- Marvin Gaye, singer
- Hubert Minnebo, sculptor
- Arno Hintjens, lead-singer of TC Matic
- Karel Jonckheere, writer
- Mimi Lamote (b. Ostend, 27 April 1964), businesswoman
- Stefaan Maene, backstroke swimmer
- Marie-José of Belgium, princess, then last queen of Italy
- August Michiels, sculpturer, painter, engraver
- Constant Permeke, expressionist painter
- Raoul Servais, filmmaker
- Gustaaf Sorel, painter
- Leon Spilliaert, painter
- Henri Storck, author, film-maker, and maker of documentaries
- Robert Triffin, economist
- Johan Vande Lanotte, politician
- Robert Van De Walle, judoka
- Bart van den Bossche, singer, actor, and radio/TV presenter
- Peter Van Heirseele, aka Herr Seele, cartoonist (Cowboy Henk), painter and performer
- Rudolf Vanmoerkerke
Sport clubs[link]
- Hermes Volley Oostende (volleyball)
- K.V. Oostende (football)
- Telindus Oostende (basketball)
- Wellington Golf Oostende (Golf)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Population per municipality on 1 January 2011 (XLS; 322 KB)
- ^ "1920 Summer Olympics sailing". Sports-reference.com. http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/SAI/. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ "1920 Summer Olympics polo". Sports-reference.com. http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/POL/mens-polo.html. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ Daughters of Darkness at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "''Armaguedon'' at IMDB". French.imdb.com. 1 May 2009. http://french.imdb.com/title/tt0074153/combined. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ Le Bal du rat mort
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Ostend". United Nations. http://www.worldweather.org/053/c00944.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ "TUIfly Academy Brussels." Jetairfly. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "TAAG Offices." TAAG Angola Airlines. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Oostende |
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Ostend. |
- Toerisme Oostende – English edition – extensive.
- Free photos of Ostend
- Ostend Airport – Official website of the international airport of Ostend.
- Ostend photo gallery
- Official website Port of Oostende
- Official website – Information available in Dutch and limited information available in French, English and German.
- Oostendse verhalen- Site about the Ostend dialect and culture with Ostend grammatical rules. (mainly in Dutch (nl) and Ostend dialect).
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Marvin Gaye | |
|---|---|
| Marvin Gaye in 1973 Marvin Gaye in 1973 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr.[1] |
| Also known as | Prince of Soul, Prince of Motown |
| Born | (1939-04-02)April 2, 1939 Washington, D.C. |
| Died | April 1, 1984(1984-04-01) (aged 44) Los Angeles, California |
| Genres | R&B, soul, smooth soul, doo-wop, funk, quiet storm |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, composer, musician, record producer |
| Instruments | Vocals, keyboards, drums, percussion, clavinet, synthesizers, piano |
| Years active | 1958–1984 |
| Labels | Motown (Tamla-Motown), Columbia |
| Associated acts | The Moonglows, The Originals, Martha and the Vandellas, Tammi Terrell, Mary Wells, Kim Weston, Diana Ross, Harvey Fuqua, Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy, Don Hussein |
Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. (April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984), better known by his stage name Marvin Gaye (he added the 'e' as a young man), was an acclaimed American singer-songwriter and musician with a three-octave vocal range,[2] who achieved major success in the 1960s and 1970s as an artist for the Motown Records label. He was shot dead by his father on April 1, 1984.
Starting his career as a member of the doo-wop group The Moonglows in the late 1950s, he ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960, signing with Motown Records subsidiary, Tamla. He started off as a session drummer, but later ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the 1960s. He was crowned "The Prince of Motown"[3] and "The Prince of Soul".[4] because of solo hits such as "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)", "Ain't That Peculiar", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine," and his duet singles with singers such as Mary Wells and Tammi Terrell.
His work in the early- and mid-1970s included the albums, What's Going On, Let's Get It On, and I Want You, which helped influence the quiet storm, urban adult contemporary, and slow jam genres. After a self-imposed European exile in the early 1980s, Gaye returned on the 1982 Grammy-Award winning hit, "Sexual Healing" and the Midnight Love album before his death.
In 2008, the American music magazine Rolling Stone ranked Gaye at number 6 on its list of the Greatest Singers of All Time,[5] and ranked at number 18 on 100 Greatest Artists of All Time,[6] and he ranked number 20 on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[7] Gaye was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.[8]
Contents
|
Biography[link]
Early life (1939–1957)[link]
Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr.[1] was born on April 2, 1939 at Freedman's Hospital in Washington, D.C.. His father, Marvin Gay, Sr., was a storefront minister at the House of God (the House of God headquarters is located in Marvin's father's hometown of Lexington, Kentucky), a Hebrew Pentecostal sect which advocated strict conduct and taught and believed in both the Old and New Testament. His mother, Alberta Gay (née Cooper), was a domestic and schoolteacher. As a child, Gaye was raised in the Benning Terrace projects in southeast D.C.[9]
By the time Marvin was four, his father was bringing Gaye with him to sing for church congregations. It would be during these trips that he would meet future friends and contemporaries including Bobby Womack and Aretha Franklin. Gaye's early home life was marked by domestic violence as his father would use any excuse to beat him. As a result of his father's temperament, Gaye and his three siblings were bed-wetters as children.[10] Gaye described his father a "tyrannical and powerful king" and even told a biographer he would've ended up a "child suicide statistic" had it not been for his mother's love.[10] By age fourteen, Gaye's parents moved to the Deanwood neighborhood of northeast D.C. The following year, Gaye's father quit the ministry after he was denied a position as the Chief Apostle (head overseer) of the House of God Inc. Unlike his mother, Marvin's father never could keep a job. Overtime, he developed alcoholism which increased the difficulty in Marvin's home. As a child, Marvin was forbidden to listen to secular music and was also forbidden to participate in sports and other secular activities deemed "sinful" by his father.
As a child, Marvin learned how to play piano by ear. He later learned to play drums before reaching his teens. In middle school, Marvin discovered doo-wop and developed an addiction to the musical style that would later influence much of his own career. By the time he entered D.C.'s Cardozo High School, Marvin became a fan of artists such as Little Willie John, Sam Cooke and Ray Charles as well as pop singers Frank Sinatra, Billy Eckstine and Nat "King" Cole. To escape his father's punishment, Marvin and his brother Frankie would leave the house without suspicion and attend dances where some of the performers they admired would show up to perform. Influenced heavily by doo-wop groups such as The Moonglows and The Capris, Gaye began joining several doo-wop groups in the D.C. area including the Dippers with his best friend, Johnny Stewart, brother of R&B singer Billy Stewart. He then joined the D.C. Tones, whose members included Reese Palmer, who was another close friend, and Sondra Lattisaw, mother of R&B singer Stacy Lattisaw.[10] Gaye's relationship with his father led him to run away from home and join the United States Air Force in the hope of becoming an aviator. However, discovering his growing hatred for authority, he began defying orders and skipped practices. Faking mental illness, he was discharged.[10] His sergeant stated that Gaye refused to follow orders.[11] Upon returning to his hometown, he and former D.C. Tones member Reese Palmer formed a singing group they named the Marquees.
Early career (1958–1962)[link]
Main article: The Moonglows
File:41GimE+AHbL. SL600 .jpg
A 1959 promotional picture of Harvey and the Moonglows. Gaye is located in the right of a seated Fuqua.
In 1958, the Marquees were discovered singing at a D.C. club by Bo Diddley, who signed them to Okeh Records, where they recorded "Wyatt Earp," with "Hey Little Schoolgirl" as its B-side. It received moderate success, but not the success Gaye and his band mates had hoped for. Later that year Harvey Fuqua, founder and co-lead singer of the landmark doo-wop group The Moonglows, recruited them, after the breakup of the original members, to be "The New Moonglows" which moved the formerly-named Marquees from Okeh to Chess Records. While there, the "new Moonglows" recorded background vocals for Chess recording stars Chuck Berry and Etta James. After "The Twelve Months of the Year", which featured a spoken monologue by Gaye, became a regional hit, the group issued "Mama Loochie", which was the first time Gaye sang lead on a record. The record was issued in late 1959 and became a hit in Detroit. Following a concert performance there, Gaye and other band members were arrested for small possession of marijuana. Afterwards, Fuqua decided to disband the group, keeping Gaye with him, as he favored him over the other members. In 1960, Harvey Fuqua had met Gwen Gordy and the couple embarked on both a personal and professional relationship. That year, the couple formed two record labels, the self-named Harvey Records, and Tri-Phi Records. Gaye was signed to the former label, whose other members included a young David Ruffin and Junior Walker. He provided drums for The Spinners' first hit, "That's What Girls Are Made For", which was released on Tri-Phi. Stories on how Gaye eventually met Berry Gordy and how he signed to Motown Records vary. One early story stated that Gordy discovered Gaye singing at a local bar in Detroit and that Gordy offered to sign Gaye on the spot. Gaye's recollection, and a story Gordy later reiterated, was that Gaye invited himself to Motown's annual Christmas party inside the label's Hitsville USA studios and played on the piano, singing "Mr. Sandman". Gordy saw Gaye from afar and, noting that Gaye was connected with Fuqua, began to make arrangements to absorb Fuqua's labels and bring all of the label's acts to Motown. Gordy said he immediately wanted to bring Gaye to Motown after seeing him perform, impressed by his vocals and piano playing. While working out negotiations, Fuqua would sell a 50 percent interest in Gaye to Gordy, as Gaye would find out later.[12] After Gordy absorbed Anna and Harvey in March 1961, Gaye was assigned to Motown's Tamla division.
Gaye and Motown immediately clashed over material. While Motown was yet a musical force, Gaye set on singing standards and jazz rather than the usual rhythm and blues that fellow label mates were recording. Struggling to come to terms with what to do with his career, Gaye worked mainly behind the scenes, becoming a janitor, and also settled for session work playing drums on several recordings, which continued for several years. One of Gaye's first professional gigs for Motown was as a road drummer for The Miracles. Gaye developed a close friendship with the label's lead singer Smokey Robinson and they'd later work together. Though already a seasoned veteran of the road and almost exempt from Gordy's Artist Development, which began operating in 1961, Gaye was still required to attend schooling, which he refused. He eventually took advice from grooming director Maxine Powell to keep his eyes open while performing because "it looks like you're sleeping when you're performing".[10] Gaye would later regret skipping the school saying he could've benefited more from it.[10] Before releasing his first single in May 1961, he altered his last name to "Gaye", later stating that he added the "e" because "it sounded more professional" and to emulate what Sam Cooke had done before releasing his first secular record following his split from the Soul Stirrers. A famous story about the name change came from author David Ritz, Gaye's confidant in later years, who said Gaye had said that he wanted to "quiet the gossip" of his last name and to distance himself from his father.[13]
In May 1961, Tamla released Gaye's first single, "Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide". The single flopped as a national release but was a regional hit in the Midwest, as was a follow-up single, the cover of "Mr. Sandman" (titled as just "Sandman" in Gaye's release in early 1962). In June 1961, Motown issued Gaye's first album, The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye compromising Gaye's jazz interests with a couple of R&B songs. The album tanked and no hit single came of it. A third regional hit, "Soldier's Plea", an answer to The Supremes' "Your Heart Belongs to Me", was the next release in the spring of 1962. Gaye had more success behind the scenes than in front. Gaye applied drumming on several Motown records for artists such as the Miracles, Mary Wells, The Contours and The Marvelettes. Gaye was also a drummer for early recordings by The Supremes, Martha and the Vandellas and Little Stevie Wonder. Gaye drummed on the Marvelettes hits, "Please Mr. Postman", "Playboy" and "Beechwood 4-5789" (a song he co-wrote). Later on, Gaye would be noted as the drummer in both the studio and live recordings of Wonder's "Fingertips" and as one of two drummers behind Martha and the Vandellas' landmark hit, "Dancing in the Street", another composition by Gaye, originally intended for Kim Weston. Gaye said he continued to play drums for Motown acts even after gaining fame on his own merit. For Gaye's fourth single, the singer was inspired to write lyrics to a song after an argument with his wife, Anna Gordy Gaye (née Anna Gordy). While working out the song, Gaye mentioned he had his first "major" power struggle with Motown head Berry Gordy over its composition. Gordy insisted on a chord change though Gaye was comfortable with how he wrote it, eventually Gaye changed the chord and the song was issued as "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" in September 1962. The song became a hit on the Hot Rhythm and Blues Sides chart reaching number 8 and eventually peaked at number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1963. A parent album, That Stubborn Kinda Fellow, was released in December 1962, the same month that Gaye's fifth single, "Hitch Hike", was released. That song reached number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100, bringing Gaye his first top 40 single. His early success confirmed his arrival as a hit maker, and he landed on his first major tour as a performer on Motown's Motortown Revue.
Early success (1963–66)[link]
Gaye's career following his performances with the Motortown Revue assured him success. Gaye's next single, "Pride & Joy", became a major hit in the spring of 1963, reaching number-ten on the Billboard Hot 100, selling nearly one million copies. Later that year, Gaye repeated the success with the top 30 hit, "Can I Get a Witness", which found some leverage in the United Kingdom upon its release on Motown's UK label Stateside Records. Many of Gaye's early hits would later be heavily covered by acts such as The Rolling Stones, Dusty Springfield and The Who, performers who admired Gaye and American R&B music in general. Gaye's hits also was a big influence on the UK's mod scene with several mod groups including the future Elton John's Bluesology and Rod Stewart's Steampacket covering Gaye's hits there. Gaye's early hits were also a big influence on American producers, including Phil Spector, who nearly had a car accident while pulling over upon hearing "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" for the first time.
Gaye's hits continued throughout 1964. Several top 20 pop hits from this period included "You Are a Wonderful One", "Try It Baby" and "Baby Don't You Do It" kept Gaye's momentum building. Gaye made his first public TV performance on American Bandstand in 1964 and later became a fixture on the show and on other programs such as Shindig! and Hullaballoo. His popularity further increased after Motown released his first duet project, an album with Mary Wells entitled Together. The duo had two hit singles, "Once Upon a Time" and "What's the Matter with You Baby". In late 1964, Gaye also appeared in the concert film The T.A.M.I. Show, where he performed his hits to an enthusiastic audience (with backing vocals by The Blossoms). Gaye reached the top 10 in early 1965 with "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)", which sold close to a million copies. Gaye eventually scored his first immediate million-sellers in 1965 with the Smokey Robinson compositions, "Ain't That Peculiar" and "I'll Be Doggone". These songs and other singles released during the 1965–66 period would be the result of Gaye's next release, Moods of Marvin Gaye.
Gaye struggled with his success. While deemed a "smooth song-and-dance ladies' man", he still aspired to perform more jazz work in his catalog. Because of his success, Motown allowed him to work on such recordings including When I'm Alone I Cry, Hello Broadway and a Nat King Cole tribute album, A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole. All three albums flopped. Gaye tried performing the songs onstage but soon stopped once he discovered that the crowds weren't too appreciative of the material. One proposed standards project, which took over two years to record, was shelved due to session problems. Gaye's performances at the Copacabana in 1966 also led to conflict between Gaye and Gordy as Motown had recorded the album for purposes of releasing it in early 1967. However due to a struggle, Motown eventually shelved it until it was later released three decades later. In early 1967, Gaye scored his first international hit with the duet, "It Takes Two", with Kim Weston, who coincidentally had already left the label when it became a hit. Only one televised performance of the song showed Gaye singing the song to a puppet. That year, Motown hooked Gaye up with veteran Philadelphia-based singer Tammi Terrell, who had an early stint with James Brown. Gaye would later say of Terrell that she was his "perfect partner" musically.
File:Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell2.jpg
A screenshot of a 1967 performance by Gaye and Terrell during taping of the Today Show.
[edit] Tammi Terrell and I Heard It Through the Grapevine (1967–69)
Main articles: Tammi Terrell and I Heard It Through the Grapevine
Terrell and Gaye's first major hit was the Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson composition, "Ain't No Mountain High Enough". The duo quickly followed up with the top five hit ballad, "Your Precious Love". Despite rumors of a romantic relationship – Gaye was married to Anna Gordy and Terrell was dating Temptations lead vocalist David Ruffin – both singers denied such a relationship with Gaye saying later that they had a brother-and-sister relationship, a statement reiterated by Ashford & Simpson. Other hit singles the duo scored within an eighteen-month period included "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You", "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By". Other hits such as "You Ain't Livin' till You're Lovin'" and "The Onion Song" found success in Europe. The duo's recording of "If This World Were Mine", the b-side of "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You", found modest success on the charts, the first sole Gaye composition to do so. The song later found major R&B success when Luther Vandross covered it with Cheryl Lynn over a decade later.
The duo was also a success together onstage, Terrell's easy-going nature with the audience contrasting from Gaye's laid-back approach. However, that success was short-lived. On October 14, 1967, while performing at Virginia's Hampden-Sydney College, Terrell collapsed in Marvin's arms. She had been complaining of headaches in the weeks leading up to the concert, but had insisted she was all right. However, after she was rushed to Southside Community Hospital, doctors found that Terrell had a malignant brain tumor.[14]
The diagnosis ended her performing career, though she still occasionally recorded, often with guidance and assistance. Terrell ceased recordings in 1969 and Motown struggled with recording of a planned third Gaye and Terrell album. Gaye initially had refused to go along with it saying that he felt Motown was taking unnecessary advantage of Terrell's illness. Gaye only reluctantly agreed because Motown assured him recordings would go to insure Terrell's health as she continued to have operations to remove the tumor, all of which were unsuccessful. In September 1969, the third Gaye and Terrell duet album, Easy was released, with many of the songs said to have been subbed by Valerie Simpson, while solo songs recorded years earlier by Terrell, had overdubbed vocals by Gaye.
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"I Heard It through the Grapevine" was recorded by Gaye in April 1967, several months before Gladys Knight and the Pips recorded it. The song features an horror-based Wurlitzer piano solo, percussion and horns. Gaye's recording of it paved the way for what later became "psychedelic soul".
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Terrell's illness put Gaye in a depression; at one point he attempted suicide but was stopped by Berry Gordy's father.[citation needed] He refused to acknowledge the success of his song "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", released in 1967 by Gladys Knight & The Pips (his version was recorded before, but released after theirs), his first number-one hit and the biggest selling single in Motown history to that point, with four million copies sold.[citation needed] His work with producer Norman Whitfield, who produced "Grapevine", resulted in similar success with the singles "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby" and "That's the Way Love Is". Meanwhile, Gaye's marriage was crumbling and he was bored with his music. Wanting creative control, he sought to produce singles for Motown session band The Originals, whose Gaye-produced hits, "Baby, I'm for Real" and "The Bells", brought success.
[edit] What's Going On (1970–72)
Main article: What's Going On
Tammi Terrell died of a brain tumor on March 16, 1970. Gaye was so emotional at her funeral that he talked to her lying in state as if she was going to respond. Gaye insisted, following Terrell's death, that he would no longer record duets with any other female performer, nor was he ever going to perform on stage again since Terrell's collapse and subsequent death had spooked him. He already had apprehensions about performing, suffering bouts of stage fright throughout his performing career. Prior to Terrell's death, he had withdrawn from a scheduled performance citing an illness and was later sued for failure to appear. After Terrell's death he stopped doing any more live gigs and never really recovered completely from her death. He had an inspiration, dating back to 1968, to try out for the Detroit Lions football team.[15] After he gained friendships with two of the Lions' players, Mel Farr and Lem Barney they encouraged him to get in shape and tryout, although the team ultimately wouldn't let him because they feared injuring one of the city's greatest singers.[16] After helping to collaborate what became "What's Going On", he returned to Hitsville on June 1, 1970 to record the song, which was inspired by Gaye's brother's accounts of his experience in the Vietnam War and co-writer Renaldo "Obie" Benson of the Four Tops' disgust of police brutality after seeing anti-war protesters attacked in San Francisco.
Despite releases of several anti-war songs by The Temptations and Edwin Starr, Motown CEO Berry Gordy prevented Gaye from releasing the song, fearing a backlash against the singer's image as a sex symbol and openly telling him and others that the song "was the worst record I ever heard". Gaye, however, refused to record anything that was Motown's or Gordy's version of him. He later said that recording the song and its parent album "led to semi-violent disagreements between Berry and myself, politically speaking." Eventually the song was released with little promotion on January 17, 1971. The song soon shot up the charts topping the R&B chart for five weeks.[17][18] Eventually selling more than two million copies, an album was requested, and Gaye again defied Gordy by producing an album featuring lengthy singles that talked of other issues such as poverty, taxes, drug abuse and pollution. Released on May 21, 1971, the What's Going On album instantly became a million-seller crossing him over to young white rock audiences while also maintaining his strong R&B fan base. Because of its lyrical content and its mixture of funk, jazz, classical and Latin soul arrangements which departed from the then renowned "Motown Sound", it became one of Motown's first autonomous works, without help of Motown's staff producers. Based upon its themes and a segue flow into each of the songs sans the title track, the concept album became the new template for soul music.
Other hit singles that came out of the album included "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" and "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)", making Gaye the first male solo artist to have three top ten singles off one album on the Billboard Hot 100. All three singles sold over a million copies and were all number-one on the R&B chart. International recognition of the album was slow to come at first though eventually the album would be revered overseas as a "landmark pop record". It has been called "the most important and passionate record to come out of soul music, delivered by one of its finest voices".[19] The success of the title track influenced Stevie Wonder to release an album with similar themes, Where I'm Coming From, in April that year. Following the release of the album and its subsequent success, Wonder rejected a renewing offer with Motown unless he was allowed creative control on his recordings, which was granted a year later. Gaye's independent success not only related to Motown recording artists, other R&B artists of the era also began to rebel against labels to produce their own conceptual albums. The Jackson 5, one of Motown's final acts to benefit from the label's "glory years" (1959–72), tried unsuccessfully to get creative control for their own recordings and as a result left in 1975 for CBS Records.
Gaye's success was nationally recognized: Billboard magazine awarded him the Trendsetter of the Year award, while he won several NAACP Image Awards including Favorite Male Singer. Rolling Stone named it Album of the Year, and was nominated for a couple of Grammy Awards though inexplicably wasn't nominated for Album of the Year. In 1972, Gaye reluctantly stepped out of his stage retirement to perform selected concerts, including one at his hometown of Washington, D.C. performing at the famed Kennedy Center, a recording of the performance was issued on a deluxe edition re-release of the What's Going On album. Also in 1972, Gaye performed for Jesse Jackson's PUSH organization and also for a Chicago-based benefit concert titled Save the Children aimed at removing the plight of urban violence in Chicago's inner city. The latter performance was issued as part of a concert film released in early 1973, also titled Save the Children. Following its success, Gaye signed a new contract with Motown Records for a then record-setting $1 million, then the most lucrative deal by a black recording artist.[10] With creative control, Gaye attempted to produce several albums throughout 1972 and early 1973 including an instrumental album, a jazz album, another conceptually-produced album of social affairs (the canceled You're the Man project) and an album with Willie Hutch co-producing. In late 1972, Gaye produced the score for the Trouble Man film and later produced the soundtrack of the same name. The title track was the only full vocal work of the album and was released as a single in the fall of 1972 eventually reaching number seven on the pop chart in the spring of 1973.
[edit] Let's Get It On and continued success in music (1973–77)
Main articles: Let's Get It On and I Want You (Marvin Gaye album)
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"Let's Get It On" was written by Gaye and producer Ed Townsend, originally as a gospel song, and later as a protest song before eventually turning into a funk-oriented love anthem. It became Gaye's second number-one hit in 1973.
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File:Gaye live1974.jpg
Gaye performing live at the Oakland Coliseum on January 4, 1974 during his 1973–74 tour
In late 1972, Gaye left Detroit and moved to Los Angeles but relocated to an area where he was far away from Motown, purchasing a house at the so-called "bohemian hippie" enclave of Topanga Canyon, which was a hotbed for musicians looking to get away from the trappings of the music industry and Hollywood itself. He continued to record music at Los Angeles' Motown studios (Hitsville West) and on March 18, 1973, recorded "Let's Get It On", reputedly inspired by Gaye's new-found independence, after separating from Anna Gordy the previous year. The single was released as a single in June of the year and became Gaye's second number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100. It also was a modest success internationally reaching number 31 in the United Kingdom. With the success of its recording, Gaye decided to switch completely from the social topics that were on What's Going On to songs with sensual appeal.
Released in August 1973, Let's Get It On consisted of material Gaye had initially recorded during the sessions of What's Going On. It was hailed as "a record unparalleled in its sheer sensuality and carnal energy."[20] Other singles from the album included "Come Get to This", which recalled Gaye's early Motown soul sound of the previous decade, while the then-controversial "You Sure Love to Ball" reached modest success but was kept from being promoted by Motown due to its sexually explicit nature. With the success of What's Going On and Let's Get It On, Motown demanded a tour. Gaye only reluctantly agreed when demand from fans reached a fever pitch. After a delay, Gaye made his official return to touring on January 4, 1974 at the Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California. The recording of the performance, held by several music executives as "an event", was later issued as the live album, Marvin Gaye Live!. Due to Gaye's growing popularity with his increasing crossover audience and the reaction of the performance of "Distant Lover", which Motown later released as a single in late 1974, the album sold over a million copies. Gaye's subsequent 10-city tour, which took off that August, was sold out and demand for more dates continued into 1975 while Gaye had struggled with subsequent recordings. A renewed contract with Motown in 1975 gave Gaye his own custom-made recording studio.
To keep up with demand and hype, Motown released Gaye's final duet project, Diana & Marvin, an album with Diana Ross, which helped to increase Gaye's audience overseas with the duo's recording of "You Are Everything" reaching number-five in the UK, number-thirteen on the Dutch chart, and number 20 in Ireland, while the album itself sold over a million copies overseas with major success in the UK. The recording of Diana & Marvin had started in late 1971 and overdubbed sessions took place in 1972 but was shelved from a release until late 1973 following the release of Let's Get It On. Gaye toured throughout 1975 without new releases and collaborated in the studio producing songs for the likes of The Miracles (now without Smokey Robinson) and Yvonne Fair, helping to produce her version of Norman Whitfield's "Funky Music Sho Nuff Turns Me On", featured on Fair's The Bitch is Black, while also assisting her in the background with his vocals. Later in 1975, Gaye shaved his head bald in protest to Rubin Carter's prison sentence. Gaye initially insisted he would remain bald until Carter's release though Gaye's hair and beard returned within a few months.
In 1976, Gaye released his first solo album in three years with I Want You. The title track became a number-one R&B hit, also reaching the top 20 of the national pop chart. The first of his albums to embrace the then popular disco sound of the time, Motown released a double-A 12' of "I Want You" alongside another smooth dancer, "After the Dance". The songs found success as a unit on the Billboard Hot Disco chart, reaching number-ten. By itself "After the Dance", which wasn't intended as a second single, eventually reached number fourteen on the R&B chart with minor pop traction, eventually reaching number 74. That year, Gaye faced several lawsuits with former musicians and also faced prison time for falling behind on alimony payments ordered by law following his first wife Anna Gordy filing legal separation after a 15-year marriage. Gaye avoided imprisonment after agreeing to do a tour of Europe, his first tour of such in little over a decade. His first stop was at London's Royal Albert Hall and then at the city's London Palladium, where a recording was later released in early 1977 as Live at the London Palladium. Gaye performed in France, Holland, Switzerland and Italy to packed audiences and then returned for several US tour dates though he often suffered from exhaustion from some of the US dates. Between 1975 and 1976, Gaye was recognized by major corporations including the United Nations for charitable work dedicated to children and to affairs related to black culture.
In the spring of 1977, Gaye released "Got to Give It Up, Pt. 1", which gave him his third number-one US pop hit, the final one Gaye released in his lifetime. The song also topped the R&B and dance singles chart and also found some international success reaching the top ten in England. Released as the only studio track from the Palladium album, its success kept Palladium on the charts for a year eventually selling over two million copies. It was recognized by Billboard as one of the top-ten selling albums of all time that year.
[edit] Here, My Dear and his final days at Motown (1978–81)
Main article: Here, My Dear
In March 1977, his long, drawn-out court battle with former wife Anna Gordy ended. As a compromise to settle matters between the ex-couple over issues of alimony payments for their adopted son, Gaye's attorney until his death, Curtis Shaw, advised Gaye to remit a portion of the revenue that he was to get for his next studio album. Gaye entered the recording studio intending to produce a "lazy" album, but ended up with the sprawling double-album set, Here, My Dear, which was held up from release for over a year. Finally released after Motown's demand for new product in late 1978, the album was initially a flop, tanking after only a couple months on the charts. Its only single, "A Funky Space Reincarnation", peaked at number 23 on the R&B chart, in early 1979, becoming Gaye's first single since "Soldier's Plea" 17 years earlier to not hit the Billboard Hot 100.
Gaye became a figure on talk show circuits for most of 1979, mostly appearing on Dinah Shore's Dinah & Friends. He also toured in 1979, first in the United States, then in England and in Japan, the latter being the first time (and, as it turned out, the only time) he ever toured that country. As the year continued, Gaye found himself in trouble financially, and at home with second wife, Janis Hunter. The couple split up in 1979, nearly eighteen months after marrying, and by that fall, following a performance in Hawaii, Gaye decided to remain in the state, fearing he might be imprisoned for failing to pay the IRS millions in back taxes; in court, his attorney claimed that several items within the singer's luggage, including tax returns, were stolen from him while at an airport. Meanwhile, Gaye, now heavily in the throes of drug addiction, struggled to record. Reports stated that while in Hawaii, Gaye lived inside a bread truck. He initially had planned to release a standards album titled The Ballads but discarded it, fearing fans would be disappointed by no recognizable hits on it. The singer then intended to release an album of love songs aimed for the disco audience titled Love Man, but within a year, however, Gaye thought of expressing his feelings about a possible Armageddon, as well as his battles of the heart. Gaye changed the titles of all the songs, rewrote lyrics, and retitled the album, In Our Lifetime, recording the album tracks while living in London in the middle of his exile.
A 1980 European tour followed, after Gaye made a deal with British promoter Jeffrey Kruger, who had looked after Gaye's 1976–77 European tour and his Japanese engagement in 1979. Almost immediately, controversy arose, after Gaye failed to make the stage for Princess Margaret at the Royal Gala Charity Show. While Kruger recalls that Gaye showed up just as audiences were leaving, Gaye's musicians recalled that Gaye performed to the few that stayed for the performance though Princess Margaret had already left. Though Princess Margaret denied it, the international press printed the news as an "embarrassing snub", claiming that Gaye had deliberately arrived late. This led to a lawsuit between Gaye and Kruger that eventually settled out of court. While still in London, Gaye ran into problems when recordings of In Our Lifetime? were sent to Motown's offices back in Los Angeles, initially as rough mixes, to get Motown's response rather than intending to release it. However, desperate to release Marvin Gaye product, the label rushed the album out on January 15, 1981. Gaye was upset at the news, and accused the label of editing and remixing the album without his consent, putting out an unfinished song ("Far Cry"), altering the album art he requested, and removing the question mark from the title, muting its irony. Gaye vowed to never record another record for Motown. That summer, negotiations began to be made to release Gaye from the label. After several offers landed, Gaye accepted a deal for CBS Records, a deal that was finalized in March 1982.
Comeback and sudden death (1982–84)[link]
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"Sexual Healing" was written by Gaye alongside Odell Brown and David Ritz. Ritz said Gaye advised him to write a poem after telling the singer he needed "sexual healing" while living in Europe. The song became an international hit after its release in 1982.
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On the advice of Belgian concert promoter Freddy Cousaert, Gaye moved to Ostend, Belgium, in February 1981 where for a time he cut down on drugs and began to get back in shape both physically and emotionally. While in Belgium, Gaye began to make plans to renew his declining fortunes in his professional career, starting with a tour he titled "The Heavy Love Affair Tour" in England where he was greeted more warmly by the same London press that had criticized him of the Princess Margaret snub the previous year. The tour ended with two concert dates in Ostend. A documentary leading up to his Belgian concert performances titled Transit Ostend was initially released to just Belgian fans, and was later issued on VHS in bootleg copies following Gaye's death.
After signing with CBS' Columbia Records division in 1982, Gaye worked on what became the Midnight Love album. Gaye reconnected with Harvey Fuqua while recording the album and Fuqua served as a production adviser on the album, which was released in October 1982. The parent single, "Sexual Healing", was released to receptive audiences globally, reaching number-one in Canada, New Zealand and the US R&B singles chart, while becoming a top ten US pop hit and hitting the top ten in three other selected countries including the UK. The single became the fastest-selling and fastest-rising single in five years on the R&B chart staying at number-one for a record-setting ten weeks. Gaye wrote "Sexual Healing" while in Ostend. Curtis Shaw later said that Gaye's Ostend period was "the best thing that ever happened to Marvin." The now-famous video of "Sexual Healing" was shot at the Casino-Kursaal in Ostend.[21] "Sexual Healing" won Gaye his first two Grammy Awards including Best Male Vocal Performance, in February 1983, and also won Gaye an American Music Award for Favorite Soul Single. It was called by People magazine "America's hottest musical turn-on since Olivia Newton John demanded we get "Physical".
NME – December 1982[22]
“ I don't make records for pleasure. I did when I was a younger artist, but I don't today. I record so that I can feed people what they need, what they feel. Hopefully, I record so that I can help someone overcome a bad time. ”
The following year, he was nominated for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance again for the Midnight Love album. In February 1983, Gaye performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the NBA All-Star Game, held at The Forum in Inglewood, California, accompanied by Gordon Banks who played the studio tape from stands.[23] In March 1983, he gave his final television performance for Motown 25, reciting the history of black music and performed "What's Going On". He then embarked on a US tour in April to support his album. The tour, ending in August 1983, was plagued by Gaye's re-emerging cocaine addiction, increased cocaine-triggered paranoia and a bout with depression.
When the tour ended, he attempted to isolate himself by moving into his parents' house in Los Angeles. As documented in the PBS "American Masters" 2008 exposé, several witnesses claimed Marvin's mental and physical condition spiraled out of control. Groupies and drug dealers would show up every day, which according to his brother Frankie's wife Irene Gaye, "hounded" him. Some close to Marvin said he threatened to commit suicide several times. After his father returned from D.C. in October 1983, their arguments grew more contentious. On April 1, 1984, Gaye's father fatally shot him when Gaye intervened in an argument between his parents over misplaced business documents. Coincidentally, the gun had been given to his father by Marvin four months previously. Doctors discovered Marvin's father had a brain tumor but he was deemed fit for trial. Charges for first-degree murder dropped when doctors revealed that Marvin's father had suffered bruises from his final fight with his son and was sentenced to five years of probation after accepting a plea bargain pleading guilty to voluntary manslaughter. Marvin died a day before turning 45.[24] Spending his final years in a retirement home, Marvin's father died of pneumonia in October 1998.
In 1987, Marvin was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He was also honored by Hollywood's Rock Walk in 1989 and was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1990. In 2005, the former D.C. native was inducted to the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.[25] In 2007, two of Gaye's most important recordings, "I Heard It Through The Grapevine" and "What's Going On", were voted Legendary Michigan Songs. "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", his hit duet with Tammi Terrell, was also voted a Legendary Michigan Song in 2011.[26]
Personal life[link]
Gaye married twice. His first marriage was to Berry Gordy Jr.'s sister, Anna Gordy, who was 17 years his senior. Marvin and Anna were married on January 8, 1964 when Gaye was 24 and Gordy was 42. The marriage imploded after Marvin began courting Janis Hunter, the daughter of Slim Gaillard, in 1973. Anna filed for divorce in 1975; the divorce was finalized in March 1977. Gaye's erotic and disco-tinged studio album I Want You was based on his relationship with Hunter. In his book Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves, and Demons of Marvin Gaye, author and music writer Michael Eric Dyson elaborated on the relationship between I Want You and the relationship Gaye had with Hunter, which influenced his music:
"I Want You" is unmistakably a work of romantic and erotic tribute to the woman he deeply loved and would marry shortly, Janis Hunter (Janis Gaye). Gaye's obsession with the woman in her late teens is nearly palpable in the sensual textures that are the album's aural and lyrical signature. Their relationship was relentlessly passionate and emotionally rough-hewn; they played up each other's strengths, and played off each other's weaknesses.[27]
In October 1976, he married Janis, who was 17 years old when they met. However, the marriage dissolved within a year. After attempts at reconciliation, Janis filed for divorce in 1979. The divorce was finalized in February 1981. During this time, Marvin began dating a model from the Netherlands named Eugenie Vis.[28] In 1982 Gaye became involved with Lady Edith Foxwell, former wife of the British movie director Ivan Foxwell, and spent time with her at Sherston, her Wiltshire estate. Foxwell ran the fashionable Embassy Club and was referred to in the media as "the queen of London cafe society." The story of their affair was told by Stan Hey in the April 2004 issue of GQ. The report quoted writer/composer Bernard J. Taylor as saying he was told by Foxwell that she and Gaye had discussed marriage.
Marvin Gaye was killed by his father on April 1, 1984, during an argument.[29]
Gaye had three children. Marvin Pentz Gaye III (born 1965), by Denise Gordy, the niece of his first wife Anna Gordy. Marvin III was also adopted by his first wife Anna. The singer disclosed this in David Ritz's biography on Gaye, Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye, saying he was afraid of being criticized for not producing a child. Later, Gaye had two children with Janis Hunter, Nona Marvisa, nicknamed "Pie" by her dad (born September 4, 1974) and Frankie "Bubby" Christian Gaye (born November 16, 1975). Gaye introduced his daughter to a national audience during a show in 1975. Nona would do the same eight years later when her father was given a tribute by Soul Train. Nona has gone on to find success as a singer and actress. Gaye's eldest son was a music producer. Frankie is said to have taken work as an artist. Gaye also has two grandchildren: Marvin Pentz Gaye IV (born 1995), born on the anniversary of his grandfather's death;[30] and Nolan Pentz Gaye (born 1997).
Musicianship[link]
Marvin Gaye's musical style changed in various ways throughout his 26-year career. Upon his early recordings as member of The Marquees and Harvey & the New Moonglows in the late 1950s, Marvin recorded in a doo-wop vocal style. After signing his first solo recording contract with Motown, Marvin persuaded Motown executives to allow him to record an adult album of standards and jazz covers. His first album, The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye, conveyed those genres including several doo-wop and blues songs.
The Motown Sound and psychedelic soul[link]
Starting with his first charted hit, 1962's "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" through 1967's "Your Unchanging Love", Marvin's music featured a blend of black rhythm and blues and white pop music that came to be later identified as the "Motown Sound". Marvin's 1962–64 hits reflected a dance-pop/rock and roll approach while his 1965–69 recordings reflected a pop-soul style. Backed by Motown's in-house band The Funk Brothers, pre-1970 Marvin Gaye recordings were built around songs with simple, direct lyrics supported by an R&B rhythm section with orchestral strings and horns added for pop appeal. Marvin's early hits were conceived by Berry Gordy, Smokey Robinson, Mickey Stevenson and Holland–Dozier–Holland.
Marvin's sound started to change slightly in 1967 after he began working with producers Norman Whitfield, Ashford & Simpson and Frank Wilson. Whereas Marvin's early sound reflected a youthful exterior, later songs during that period including "You", "Chained", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby" and "That's the Way Love Is" were all recorded under the psychedelic soul sound of the late sixties and early seventies. "Psychedelic soul" mixed guitar-driven rock with soul-based grooves. Marvin's vocal style also changed during that period where he began singing in a gospel texture that had been only hinted at in previous recordings.
Social commentary and conceptual albums[link]
In 1971, Marvin issued his landmark album, What's Going On. The album and its tracks were responsible in the changing landscape of rhythm and blues music as the album presented a full view of social ills in America, including war, police brutality, racism, drug addiction, environmentalism, and urban decay. Beforehand, recordings of social unrest had been recorded by the likes of (Curtis Mayfield &) The Impressions, The Temptations, Sam Cooke, Sly and the Family Stone and James Brown, but this was the first album fully devoted to those issues. The album was produced under what is called a song cycle and because of its theme of "what's going on" was considered one of the first concept albums to be released in soul music. Marvin's 1972 soundtrack Trouble Man, based on the blaxploitation film of the same name, mainly featured instrumentals with a few vocal runs, including songs with social commentary. Marvin's 1972 recordings outside that album – including "Where Are We Going", "Piece of Clay", "You're the Man" and "The World Is Rated X" – also raised social issues and was personal in nature. The songs were to be included in the unreleased 1972 album, You're the Man, which was canceled after the modest reception of the title single. Marvin issued his next "concept album" with 1973's Let's Get It On, based on the spiritual and erotic side of love and sex. Marvin released a similarly themed funk album in 1976, I Want You, before switching to personal issues with the albums Here, My Dear (1978) and In Our Lifetime (1981). The former album focused on Marvin's problems in his first marriage, while the latter focused on his own life struggles. Marvin's albums between 1971 and 1981 reflected a period where, as an Allmusic writer said, his music "not only redefined soul music as a creative force but also expanded its impact as an agent for social change".[31]
From funk to disco to contemporary R&B[link]
Starting in the early-seventies, Marvin's sound began to reflect the emerging sounds of funk and the later disco movement of the late 1970s. Marvin's double-sided 1976 single, "I Want You/After the Dance" and his 1977 hit, "Got to Give It Up" were his only successful attempts at recording disco-styled dance music whereas the 1978 single "A Funky Space Reincarnation", 1979's "Ego Tripping Out" and the 1981 singles "Praise" and "Heavy Love Affair" aimed at the funk-based urban audience. By itself, "I Want You", mixed funk with disco, soul and lite rock elements. With the release of 1982's triple-platinum Midnight Love and the massive platinum selling smash hit, "Sexual Healing", Marvin mixed the styles of funk and post disco with Caribbean and European-flavored pop music creating a mix that influenced the modern R&B sound. "Sexual Healing" was the biggest R&B hit of the 1980s – No.1 for 10 consecutive weeks. Some of Marvin's posthumous releases have been varied in nature: 1985's Dream of a Lifetime was produced mostly in an electro funk sound mostly in the first half of the album, while his posthumous "featuring" on rapper Erick Sermon's 2001 hit, "Music" brought him to a younger hip-hop audience.
Legacy and influence[link]
According to several historians, Marvin Gaye's career "spanned the entire history of rhythm and blues from fifties doo-wop to eighties contemporary soul."[32] Critics stated that Gaye's music "signified the development of black music from raw rhythm and blues, through sophisticated soul to the political awareness of the 1970s and increased concentration on personal and sexual politics thereafter."[33] Marvin's usage of multi-tracked vocalizing, recording songs of social, political and sexual issues, and producing albums of autobiographical nature have influenced a generation of recording artists of various genres. As an artist who broke away from the controlled atmosphere of Motown Records in the 1970s, he influenced the careers of label mates such as Stevie Wonder, The Isley Brothers and, later in Epic Records, Michael Jackson to gain creative control and produce/co-produce their own albums. The careers of later R&B stars such as Rick James, Prince, R. Kelly, D'Angelo, Raheem DeVaughn, Maxwell, Janet Jackson, George Michael, Justin Timberlake, Usher, Bobby V, Trey Songz and J. Holiday also were influenced by the music of Marvin Gaye. Marvin's erotically concept albums such as Let's Get It On and I Want You inspired similar albums released by Smokey Robinson, Barry White and his co-producer on I Want You, Leon Ware. Modern-day artists such as Teena Marie and Mary J. Blige have also referenced Marvin in their own songs. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him No.18 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[34]
Tributes and covers[link]
In 1983, Spandau Ballet recorded the single "True" as a tribute to Marvin and the Motown sound he helped established. That same year, electro-funk group R. J.'s Latest Arrival mentioned him with their dance hit, "Shackles on My Feet". DeBarge's 1983 hit, "All This Love" was musically influenced by Marvin's sound and was rumored that they had wanted Marvin to record the song himself. However, Marvin had left the label before they could approach him.
On April 2, 1984, the day after Marvin's death, Duran Duran dedicated their live performance of "Save a Prayer" while on their Sing Blue Silver tour and appearing on their Arena album to him. Tribute songs to the singer included Diana Ross' "Missing You" and The Commodores' "Nightshift" became hits with each song reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart. Other artists who have either paid tribute to Marvin in a song or referenced him have included close friend and former Motown label-mate Edwin Starr, who released "Marvin" the month after his death, Teena Marie's "My Dear Mr. Gaye", Todd Rundgren's "Lost Horizon", the Violent Femmes' 1988 single "See My Ships", Maze featuring Frankie Beverly's 1989 R&B hit, "Silky Soul", ABC's 1987 single "When Smokey Sings" (Gaye's "What's Going On (song)" is sampled for the Miami Mix) and George Michael's "John and Elvis Are Dead" where Marvin is mentioned in one the final lines from the repeated chorus. Stevie Wonder wrote the song "Lighting Up the Candles" as a tribute to Gaye following his death and performed the song originally at Gaye's funeral service. Wonder later recorded the song for the Jungle Fever soundtrack.
In 1992, Israeli artist Izhar Ashdot dedicated his song "Eesh Hashokolad" to Gaye. Two tribute albums, 1995's Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye (which featured Nona's version of "Inner City Blues") and 1999's Marvin Is 60 featured covers of Marvin's most famous material. Since the 1960s, Marvin's songs have been covered by a variety of artists. The Rolling Stones and The Who recorded "Baby Don't You Do It" early in their careers. The Band also recorded "Baby Don't You Do It" numerous times under the title "Don't Do It"; the different versions, both studio and live, appear on several of their albums and box sets (the only one to be released as a single came from Rock of Ages), as well as in their 1976 concert film The Last Waltz. Rod Stewart during his early tenure with Steampacket covered "Can I Get a Witness". His 1965 hit, "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)" was covered three times by Junior Walker in 1966, again in 1975 by James Taylor, and again in 2002 by gospel singer Helen Baylor. In Baylor's version she substituted the word "baby" for Jesus.
Gaye's 1968 hit "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" has been frequently covered with versions recorded by Creedence Clearwater Revival, Roger Troutman, Edwin Starr and The California Raisins. Donny Hathaway performed a live version of "What's Going On" for his 1972 Live album while Cyndi Lauper recorded a top forty version of "What's Going On" in 1987, the song was re-recorded by a variety of contemporary pop, R&B and rap artists in 2001(again, including Nona) for AIDS benefit and was later dedicated to the events of the September 11, 2001 attacks. A few years after that, rock band A Perfect Circle covered the song in their own hard rock version. The singer's "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" was covered by rock band The Strokes which featured Eddie Vedder on lead vocals. R&B singer Angela Winbush covered "Inner City Blues" in 1994 and was recorded in a slightly different version by Gil-Scott Heron in the 1970s. Aaliyah covered "Got to Give It Up" on her album One in a Million.
Gospel–soul legends Mavis Staples and Aretha Franklin have each covered "Wholy Holy" from the What's Going On album while "Let's Get It On" was famously sampled by Shaggy on his breakthrough single, 1994's "Boombastic". Versions of "Sexual Healing" have been recorded by Soul Asylum, Ben Harper, Max-A-Million, Kate Bush, Neil Finn, Sarah Connor and Ne-Yo. Michael McDonald, Diana Ross and Amy Winehouse have all covered or redone their own versions of "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", Marvin's 1967 hit with Tammi Terrell while Luther Vandross and Cheryl Lynn reinterpreted the Marvin/Tammi single, "If This World Were Mine" in 1982. Mary J. Blige and Method Man, with permission, sampled an interpolation of "You're All I Need to Get By" for their 1995 hit, "You're All I Need/I'll Be There for You". In June 2008, D'Angelo alongside Erykah Badu recorded Gaye's hit duo with Terrell, "Your Precious Love" for his "The Best So Far"...compilation album.
On April 2, 2006, on what would have been the singer's 67th birthday, a park near the neighborhood where Marvin grew up at in Washington, D.C. was renamed after him after a discussion with the City Council. "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)" was covered by John Mayer in his Album As/Is, released in 2004. The cover also featured DJ Logic. Elton John's song "Club at the End of the Street" also mentions Marvin Gaye. On the 25th anniversary of Marvin Gaye's death, the singer's hometown of Washington, D.C. again honored the singer by renaming a street he grew up on called "Marvin Gaye Way".
Musical achievements and posthumous releases[link]
Gaye scored 41 Top 40 hit singles on Billboard's Pop Singles chart between 1963 and 2001, 60 Top 40 R&B singles chart hits from 1962 to 2001, 18 Top Ten pop singles on the pop chart, 38 Top 10 singles on the R&B chart,[35] three number-one pop hits and thirteen number-one R&B hits and tied with Michael Jackson in total as well as the fourth biggest artist of all-time to spend the most weeks at the number-one spot on the R&B singles chart (52 weeks). In all, Gaye produced a total of 67 singles on the Billboard charts in total, spanning five decades, including five posthumous releases.
The year a remix of "Let's Get It On" was released to urban adult contemporary radio, "Let's Get It On" was certified gold by the RIAA for sales in excess of 500,000, making it the best-selling single on Motown in the United States. Gaye's "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" is the best-selling international Motown single, explained by a re-release in Europe following a Levi 501 Jeans commercial in 1986.
On June 19, 2007, Hip-O Records reissued Gaye's final Motown album, In Our Lifetime as an expanded two-disc edition titled In Our Lifetime?: The Love Man Sessions, bringing back the original title with the question mark and included a different mix of the album, which was recorded in London and also including the original songs from the Love Man album, which were songs later edited lyrically for the songs that made the In Our Lifetime album. The same label released a deluxe edition of Gaye's Here, My Dear album, which included a re-sequencing of tracks from the album from producers such as Salaam Remi and Bootsy Collins.
His 1983 NBA All-Star performance[36] of the national anthem was used in a Nike commercial featuring the 2008 US Olympic basketball team. Also, on CBS Sports' final NBA telecast to date (before the contract moved to NBC) at the conclusion of Game 5 of the 1990 Finals, they used Gaye's 1983 All-Star Game performance over the closing credits. When VH1 launched on January 1, 1985, Gaye's 1983 rendition of the national anthem was the very first video to be aired. Most recently, it was used in the intro to Ken Burns' Tenth Inning documentary on the game of baseball.
In 2008, Gaye earned $3.5 million, and took 13th place in 'Top-Earning Dead Celebrities' in Forbes Magazine.[37]
In a MusicRadar.com poll, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", one of his most famous songs, was voted No.1 and greatest Motown song and his "What's Going On" made the top five.[38]
Documentaries and movies[link]
A documentary about Gaye – What's Going On: The Marvin Gaye Story – was a UK/PBS co-production, directed by Jeremy Marre and was first broadcast in 2006; two years later, the special re-aired with a different production and newer interviews after it was re-broadcast as an American Masters special. Gaye is referenced as one of the supernatural acts to appear in the short story and later television version of Stephen King's Nightmares and Dreamscapes in "You Know They Got a Hell of a Band".
A play by Caryl Phillips called A Long Way from Home, focusing on Gaye's relationship with his father and his last years in Ostend, was broadcast by BBC Radio 3 in March 2008. It featured O. T. Fagbenle as Gaye and Kerry Shale as Marvin Gay Sr., with Rhea Bailey, Rachel Atkins, Damian Lynch, Alibe Parsons, Ben Onwukwe and Major Wiley. It was directed by Ned Chaillet and produced by Chris Wallis.
So far, three movies are currently being planned on Marvin Gaye's life. One movie, Sexual Healing, is based on the post-Motown career of his later years, with Jesse L. Martin playing Marvin and James Gandolfini playing Marvin's Belgium-based mentor, concert promoter Freddy Cousaert.[39] Another film, simply titled, Marvin, is also in plans for production with F. Gary Gray in helm to direct the film.[40] This film, unlike Sexual Healing, will focus on Marvin's entire life story because unlike Sexual Healing, the second film was allowed rights to Marvin's Motown catalog. Musicians Common and Usher and actor Will Smith have either been rumored to or have aspired to play the singer possibly in the second film. A third film on Gaye is reportedly being produced by Motown with director Cameron Crowe.[41]
Discography[link]
Main article: Marvin Gaye discography
Filmography[link]
 |
Book: Marvin Gaye |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- 1965: T.A.M.I. Show (documentary)
- 1969: The Ballad of Andy Crocker (television movie)
- 1971: Chrome & Hot Leather (television movie)
- 1972: Trouble Man (cameo; soundtrack)
- 1973: Save the Children (documentary)
Videography[link]
Marvin Gaye in popular culture[link]
In advertising[link]
- During the 2008 Summer Olympics, Nike ran ads focused on the United States' Men's Basketball Team featuring Marvin Gaye's 1983 performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the NBA All-Star Game. The message is: the team found inspiration in the way Marvin Gaye performed the song.
- "A Funky Space Reincarnation," from his 1978 album "Here, My Dear," was used in the Dior J'Adore perfume commercial that features Charlize Theron.
In music[link]
- Singer Diana Ross honors Marvin Gaye in the 1984 song titled "Missing You."
- Singer Teena Marie pays tribute to Marvin Gaye with her song titled "My Dear Mr. Gaye."
- In 1997, R&B singer Aaliyah did a cover to Marvin Gaye's "Got To Give It Up" which featured Slick Rick.
- In the song "Hörst Du mich?" by German Hip Hop band Fettes Brot, the first verse is dedicated to Marvin Gaye.[43]
- The Commodores paid tribute to Marvin Gaye and Jackie Wilson on their hit "Nightshift" in 1985.
- The Prefab Sprout song "When the angels", from their 1985 album Steve McQueen, is a tribute to Marvin Gaye.[44]
- "See My Ships", a song from 3 (the 1989 Violent Femmes album), the shooting of Marvin Gaye is used in a double-entendre to express anxiety about a final judgement by God (the 'father'): "Mercy mercy me, Marvin Gaye, he was shot by his father, O my father have mercy on me"[45]
- The Avett Brothers reference Marvin Gaye in their song "The Day Marvin Gaye Died"
- Rapper Tupac Shakur referenced Gaye in his song "Keep Ya Head Up".
- Rapper Big Sean recorded a song used on his Finally Famous album titled "Marvin & Chardonnay" featuring Kanye West and Roscoe Dash.
- Rapper Drake recorded "Marvin's Room" in reference to producing the song in Marvin Gaye's studio.
- Rapper Charles Hamilton referenced Marvin in his song "Stay On Your Level":
- Rapper Tyler, The Creator referenced Marvin in his song "Yonkers".
- Rapper Immortal Technique referenced Marvin and "What's Going On" in his song "Crossing the Boundary".
- Rapper B. Dolan referenced Marvin in his song "Marvin (Can't Remember)".
- Rapper Cormega referenced Marvin in his song "Journey".
- R&B singer R. Kelly mentions Gaye at the end of "If I Could Make The World Dance" on his 2004 "Happy People/U Saved Me" album. Kelly states "Marvin Gaye inspired me to write that one y'all".
- Jazz composer & multi-instrumentalist Don Byron's String Quartet No. 2; Four Thoughts on Marvin Gaye, I-IV, a tribute to the life of Marvin Gaye, was released by the string quartet ETHEL on the album Heavy (Innova, 2012).
Onscreen[link]
- Film
- He played "Jim" in the 1971 biker film Chrome and Hot Leather, which also featured Larry Bishop.
- Television
- In The Sopranos season 6, episode 1 ("Members Only"), Uncle Junior shoots Tony Soprano and Vito Spatafore later remarks: "He Marvin Gaye'd his own nephew”.
In poetry[link]
- On multi-genre performer B. Dolan's 2010 album, Fallen House Sunken City (Strange Famous Records), "Marvin" is a poem about the last days of Marvin Gaye.
References[link]
- ^ a b Simmonds, Jeremy (2008). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches. Chicago Review Press. p. 190. ISBN 1-55652-754-3.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye Studio Vocal Range &" (video). World News Network. http://wn.com/marvin_gaye_studio_vocal_range_%5Bd2-eb6%5D%5Bnote_by_note]. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ Edmonds, Ben (2003). What's Going On?: Marvin Gaye and the Last Days of the Motown Sound. Canongate U.S.. p. 12. ISBN 1-84195-314-8.
- ^ Ritz, David (1985, rev. 1991). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80443-4.
- ^ "Rolling Stone: 100 Greatest Singers Of All Time". p. 6. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/24161972/page/6. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ "Rolling Stone: The Immortals, The first 50". http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty/. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ "VH1 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.". http://stereogum.com/495331/vh1-100-greatest-artists-of-all-time/list/.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye Timeline". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. January 21, 1987. http://rockhall.com/story-of-rock/timelines/marvin-gaye/. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ Gaye, Frankie; Basten, Fred E. (2003). Marvin Gaye, My Brother. Backbeat Books. p. 4. ISBN 0-87930-742-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Marvin Gaye – Singer/Songwriter". BBC – h2g2. June 5, 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A23192868. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye No Military Hit". September 13, 2005. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0913051_marvin_gaye_1.html. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ Edmonds, Ben (2003). What's Going On?: Marvin Gaye and the Last Days of the Motown Sound. Canongate U.S.. p. 22. ISBN 1-84195-314-8.
- ^ "The Stars of Motown". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/hg2g/A10508384. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell: Perfect Together". http://www.tammiterrell.com/perfect_together.html. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
- ^ Jason Plautz (June 30, 2011). "Marvin Gaye, Detroit Lions Wide Receiver?". Mental Floss. http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/92596. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ Music Urban Legends Revealed #16. Legendsrevealed.com (2009-07-29). Retrieved on 2012-05-14.
- ^ Vincent, Rickey; Clinton, George (1996). Funk: The Music, the People, and the Rhythm of the One. Macmillan. p. 129. ISBN 0-312-13499-1.
- ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Complete Chart Information About America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955–2003. Billboard Books. p. 250. ISBN 0-8230-7499-4.
- ^ John Bush. It also was sixth greatest album by Rolling Stone magazine. What's Going On remains one of the few examples in modern music where critical acclaim and immediate commercial success occurred simultaneously. What's Going On was the first in a series of Motown albums in which albums overtook singles in commercial importance as well as cultural significance.review of What's Going On, by Marvin Gaye, allmusic.com (accessed June 10, 2005).
- ^ Jason Ankeny, review of Let's Get It On, by Marvin Gaye, allmusic.com (accessed June 10, 2005).
- ^ "What's On in Ostend". http://blog.ramada-ostend.com/ostendblog/. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
- ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 373. CN 5585.
- ^ Batchelor, Bob (2005). Basketball in America: From the Playgrounds to Jordan's Game and Beyond. Haworth Press. pp. 41–43. ISBN 0-7890-1613-3.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye's father and killer dies". news.bbc.co.uk. October 25, 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/200833.stm. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ [http:www.michiganrockandrolllegends.com/mrrl-hall-of-fame/84-marvin-gaye
- ^ Legendary Michigan Songs. Michigan Rock and Roll Legends. Retrieved on 2012-05-14.
- ^ Michael Eric Dyson (2005). Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves and Demons of Marvin Gaye. Basic Civitas Books. p. 164. http://books.google.com/books?id=EL5_I4Dkx7IC&pg=RA1-PA164&dq=marvin+gaye+janis&sig=ACfU3U2q-LTCmmmZSpFPM21J8woC-eE8Og. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ "The Life and Tragic Death of Motown's - Crime Library — To Europe — Crime Library on". Trutv.com. February 15, 2012. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/marvin_gaye/10b.html. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ "The Domestic Dispute that ended the life of Marvin Gaye - Crime Library — The Final Fight — Crime Library on". Trutv.com. March 31, 1984. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/marvin_gaye/13.html. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ Brozan, Nadine (April 1, 1995). "Chronicle: New York Times". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DD173FF937A35757C0A963958260. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
- ^ "Allmusic (((Marvin Gaye – Overview)))". http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4344/biography. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye". History-of-Rock. http://www.history-of-rock.com/marvin_gaye.htm. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye". Classic Bands. http://www.classicbands.com/gaye.html. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty.
- ^ Joel Whitburns Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004, 2004
- ^ "Marvin Gaye's 'National Anthem'". Npr.org. February 7, 2003. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=985241. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ "Elvis, Marvin Gaye shake moneymakers in afterlife". CNN. October 29, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/29/dead.celebrities/index.html. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ Music Radar: Marvin Gaye's Grapevine voted greatest Motown song
- ^ Sexual Healing (2010)
- ^ Marvin: The Life Story of Marvin Gaye (2009)
- ^ "Legends come together to celebrate 50th anniversary". http://www.macombdaily.com/articles/2009/11/20/entertainment/srv0000006871169.txt. Retrieved November 24, 2009.
- ^ "Marvin Gaye – Live in Montreux 1980: Marvin Gaye: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Marvin-Gaye-Live-Montreux-1980/dp/B000094J89. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ "Songtext: Fettes Brot 1 – Hörst Du Mich?". Magistrix.de. http://www.magistrix.de/lyrics/Fettes%20Brot%201/Hoerst-Du-Mich-257532.html. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ Buckley, Peter (2003). The rough guide to rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-457-6.
- ^ "Violent Femmes:See My Ships Lyrics". Wikia.com. http://lyrics.wikia.com/Violent_Femmes:See_My_Ships. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Davis, Sharon (1991). Marvin Gaye: I Heard It Through The Grapevine. Croydon, Surrey: Bookmarque Ltd. ISBN 1-84018-320-9
- Dyson, Michael Eric (2004). Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves, and Demons of Marvin Gaye. New York/Philadelphia: Basic Civitas. ISBN 0-465-01769-X.
- Gambaccini, Paul (1987). The Top 100 Rock 'n' Roll Albums of All Time. New York: Harmony Books.
- Garofalo, Reebee (1997). Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA. Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 0-205-13703-2.
- Gaye, Frankie with Basten, Fred E. (2003). Marvin Gaye: My Brother. Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-742-0
- Heron, W. Kim (April 8, 1984). Marvin Gaye: A Life Marked by Complexity. Detroit Free Press.
- Posner, Gerald (2002). Motown : Music, Money, Sex, and Power. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50062-6.
- Ritz, David (1986). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Cambridge, Mass: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81191-X
- Turner, Steve (1998). Trouble Man: The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-4112-1
- Ward, Ed, Geoffrey Stokes and Ken Tucker (1986). Rock of Ages: The Rolling Stone History of Rock and Roll. Rolling Stone Press. ISBN 0-671-54438-1.
- White, Adam (1985). The Motown Story. London: Orbis. ISBN 0-85613-626-3
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Marvin Gaye |
- Marvin Gaye at AllRovi
- Marvin Gaye at Allmusic
- Marvin Gaye at the Internet Movie Database
- Marvin Gaye Biography
- Marvin Gaye Life & Legacy
- Additional archives
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gaye, Marvin |
| Alternative names | Gay, Marvin Pentz, Jr. |
| Short description | American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist |
| Date of birth | April 2, 1939 |
| Place of birth | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Date of death | April 1, 1984 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, United States |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Jazz musician. For the reggae artist, see Toots & the Maytals.
| Toots Thielemans | |
|---|---|
 Dutch Bigband Contest 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans |
| Born | (1922-04-29) 29 April 1922 (age 90) Brussels, Belgium |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupations | Musician, composer |
| Instruments | Harmonica, guitar, professional whistling |
| Years active | 1949–present |
| Associated acts | Quincy Jones Stevie Wonder |
| Website | Official site |
Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans (born 29 April 1922, Brussels, Belgium), known as Toots Thielemans, is a Belgian jazz musician well known for his guitar and harmonica playing as well as his whistling. Thielemans is credited as one of the greatest harmonica players of the 20th century.[1][2]
He has worked as a bandleader (scoring an international hit in the 1960s with his song "Bluesette"), as a sideman (notably on many projects with composer/arranger Quincy Jones), and has appeared on dozens of film soundtracks. In 2009 he became NEA Jazz Master, the highest honour for a jazz musician in the United States.[3]
He is perhaps best-known to the American public for whistling the melody in commercials for Old Spice cologne.
Contents |
Career[link]
Thielemans started his career as a guitar player. In 1949 he joined a jam session in Paris with Sidney Bechet, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Max Roach and others.[4] In 1949 and 1950 he participated in European tours with Benny Goodman, making his first record in Paris with fellow band member, tenor saxophonist Zoot Sims.[5] In 1951 he became a band member of the singer-songwriter and compatriot Bobbejaan Schoepen (at the time still as a guitarist).[6][7]
He moved to the US in 1952 where he was a member of Charlie Parker's All-Stars and worked with Miles Davis and Dinah Washington.[citation needed] He played and recorded with Ella Fitzgerald, Jaco Pastorius, Peggy Lee, The George Shearing Quintet, Quincy Jones, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Paul Simon, Billy Joel, The Happenings, Astrud Gilberto, Shirley Horn, Elis Regina and others.[8]
A jazz standard by Toots Thielemans is "Bluesette" where he used whistling and guitar in unison. First recorded by Toots in 1962, with lyrics added by Norman Gimbel the song became a major worldwide hit. His harmonica playing can also be heard in film scores such as Midnight Cowboy, Jean de Florette, Sugarland Express, The Yakuza, Turkish Delight, The Getaway, French Kiss, Dunderklumpen, and in various TV programs, including Sesame Street, the Belgian TV series Witse, and the Dutch TV series Baantjer. He composed the music for the 1974 Swedish film Dunderklumpen! in which he also voiced the animated character Pellegnillot.
His whistling and harmonica playing can be heard on Old Spice radio and TV commercials that have been made over the years. During the 1980s he performed with bassist and composer/bandleader Jaco Pastorius in ensembles ranging from duet to the Word of Mouth Big Band.[9] In 1983 he contributed to Billy Joel's album An Innocent Man, and his trademark harmonica can be heard on "Leave a Tender Moment Alone." A year later, he appeared on the Julian Lennon song "Too Late For Goodbyes" from the album Valotte. In 1984, he recorded the final album of Billy Eckstine (I Am A Singer), featuring very beautiful ballads and standards arranged and conducted by Angelo DiPippo. In the 1990s Thielemans embarked on theme projects that included world music. In 1998 he released a French flavoured album titled "Chez Toots" that included the Les Moulins De Mon Coeur (The Mills of my Heart) featuring guest singer Johnny Mathis. Apart from his popularity as an accomplished musician, he is well liked for his modesty and kind demeanor. In his native Belgium, he is also popular for describing himself as a Brussels "ket", which means "street kid" in old Brussels slang. He received a joint honorary doctorate from the Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium) and in 2001 Thielemans was ennobled a baron by King Albert II of Belgium.
In 2005 he was nominated for the title of The Greatest Belgian. In the Flemish version he ended 20th place, in the Walloon version he ended 44th place. In October 2008, he was honored with the 2009 National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship. On 23 January 2009, he joined Philip Catherine on stage at the Liberchies church (Belgium) in memory of the 100th anniversary of Django Reinhardt's birth.
Discography[link]
Major works include:
- The Sound (1955, Columbia)
- Man Bites Harmonica (1958, Riverside Records)
- The Whistler and His Guitar (1964, ABC-Paramount)
- Only Trust Your Heart (1988, Concord Records)
- Footprints (1991, Universal)
- The Brasil Project (1992, BMG)
- The Brasil Project vol 2. (1993, BMG)
- Compact Jazz (1993, Verve)
- East Coast, West Coast (1994, Private Music)
- Apple Dimple (1994, Denon)
- Aquarela do Brasil (1995, Universal)
- Chez Toots (1998, Windham Hill)
- The Live Takes, volume 1 (2000, Quetzal records)
- Hard to Say Goodbye, the very best of Toots Thielemans (2000, Universal)
- Toots Thielemans & Kenny Werner (2001, Universal)
- One More for the Road (2006, Verve)
As sideman[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121227215613/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
With Dizzy Gillespie:
- Digital at Montreux, 1980 (Pablo, 1980)
With Urbie Green:
- The Fox (CTI, 1976)
With Oscar Peterson:
With Billy Joel:
- "Leave a Tender Moment Alone" (1984, Columbia Records)
References[link]
- ^ National Endowment for The Arts, Toots Thielemans biography
- ^ All About Jazz, Toots Thielemans biography
- ^ NEA, National Endowment for the Arts Announces the 2009 NEA Jazz Masters, June 3, 2008
- ^ Festival International De Jazz All Stars in the Charlie Parker discography
- ^ Billboard, Thielemans biography
- ^ Bobbejaan Schoepen: Belgian musician who worked with Jacques Brel and Josephine Baker - [The Independent, 30 July 2010.]
- ^ Biography Bobbejaan Schoepen
- ^ All About Jazz, Toots Thielemans biography
- ^ Mars Jazz, Excerpted from Windham Hill promo material for Chez Toots
External links[link]
- Official site
- Official MySpace
- Toots Thielemans at Allmusic
- Bluesette Sheet Music and Guitar Tabs
- "Profile: Toots Thielemans" by Arnold Jay Smith (Jazz.com)
- An Interview with Toots Thielemans
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Thielemans, Toots |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Belgian jazz musician |
| Date of birth | 29 April 1922 |
| Place of birth | Brussels, Belgium |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Thielemans
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Wiki Summary
Ostend (Dutch: Oostende, Dutch pronunciation: [oˑsˈtɛndə]; French: Ostende; German: Ostende, German pronunciation: [ɔsˈtɛndə]) is a Belgian city and municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke (West Flanders), Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
In earlier times, Ostend was nothing more than a small village built on the east-end (Dutch: oost-einde) of an island (originally called Testerep) between the North Sea and a beach lake. Although small, the village rose to the status of "town" around 1265 when the inhabitants were allowed to hold a market and to build a market hall.
The major source of income for the inhabitants was fishing. The North Sea coastline has always been rather unstable and in 1395 the inhabitants decided to build a new Ostend behind large dikes and further away from the always-threatening sea.
The strategic position on the North Sea coast had major advantages for Ostend as a harbour but also proved to be a source of trouble. The town was frequently taken, ravaged, ransacked and destroyed by conquering armies. The Dutch rebels, the Geuzen, took control of the town. The Siege of Ostend, 1601 to 1604, of which it was said that "the Spanish assailed the unassailable and the Dutch defended the indefensible", cost a combined total of more than 80,000 dead or wounded, making it the single bloodiest battle of the Eighty Years' War. This shocking event set in motion negotiations that led to a truce several years later. When the truce broke down, it became a Dunkirker base.
