Purna Maitrayani-putra, also called Puṇṇa, was an arahant and one of the ten leading disciples of the Buddha.

When asked by the Buddha what he would think if people were to assault or kill him, each time Puṇṇa explained how he would find himself fortunate. As a result, the Buddha commended Puṇṇa on his self-control and peacefulness. Puṇṇa went on to establish a thousand lay followers in the Buddha's teaching. Upon Puṇṇa's death, the Buddha discerned that Puṇṇa had attained final Nibbana.^[1]

References[link]

1. ^ This entire account is from Samyutta Nikaya, Chapter 35, Sutta No. 88, "To Puṇṇa" (Bodhi, 2000, pp. 1167-69; Thanissaro, 1997).

Bibliography[link]

• Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000b). The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-331-1.

• Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997). Punna Sutta: To Punna (SN 35.88). Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn35/sn35.088.than.html.

External links[link]

• "Punna" in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names.

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Ros Sereysothea (Khmer: រស់ សេរីសុទ្ធា) (1948^[1] – 1977 ^[2]) was a famous singer during the final years of Cambodia's Sangkum Reastr Niyum and the Khmer Republic. She sang from a variety of genres but romantic ballads emerged as her most popular works. Despite a rather short career she is credited with producing hundreds of songs and even starring in a few movies. Details of her life are relatively scarce and her fate during Democratic Kampuchea remains a mystery.

Biography[link]

Early Life[link]

Ros Sothea was born in 1948^[2] to Ros Sabun and Nath Samean in Battambang Province. Growing up relatively poor, Ros Sothea was the second youngest of five children and displayed vocal talent as a toddler. She grew up listening to early Cambodian singers such as Mao Sareth and Chunn Malai which doubtlessly had a profound influence.

Sothea's talent would remain relatively hidden until friends persuaded her to join a regional singing contest in 1963. After winning the contest she gained the attention and praise of the province and was invited to join Lomhea Yothea (a musical troupe) which regularly performed at Stung Khiev Restaurant in Battambang. It is believed that Im Song Seurm, a singer from the National Radio heard of Sothea's talents and invited her to the capital, Phnom Penh in 1967.

Music Career[link]

In Phnom Penh, she adopted the alias Ros Sereysothea and became a singer for the National Radio performing duets with Im Song Seurm. Her first hit, Stung Khieu (Blue River) debuted the same year and she quickly attracted fans with her clear and high pitch voice. Eventually she became a regular partner with Sinn Sisamouth the lead singer of the era and they were a smashing success. She also performed with other prominent singers of the era such as Pan Ron, Houy Meas, and Sos Mat.

The style of her early career is characterized by traditional Cambodian ballads and duets. She would eventually shift to a more contemporary style by combining romantic ballads drenched in loss, betrayal, and death with Western instruments. This change of style is most likely be attributed to her traumatic marriage with fellow singer, Sos Mat.

By the 1970s, American influence from neighboring South Vietnam had reached Cambodia and Sothea along with her contemporaries began experimenting in Western genres. Her high, clear voice, coupled with the rock backing bands featuring prominent, distortion-laden lead guitars, pumping organ and loud, driving drums, made for an intense, sometimes haunting sound that is best described today as psychedelic or garage rock. Like the leader of the music scene, Sinn Sisamouth, Sothea would often take popular Western rock tunes, such as John Fogerty's "Proud Mary" and refashion them with Khmer lyrics.

Yet romantic ballads would remain her most endearing work amongst the more conservative populace. She was often sought out by film directors to perform the duet and/or solo in their movies. Sothea's collaboration with the Cambodian film industry is invaluable in identifying over 250 films lost during the communist regime.

Sothea never sang under any one record label and made a modest living as a musician. She is recognized as a national treasure and was honored by King Norodom Sihanouk with the royal title of "Preah Reich Theany Somlang Meas", the "Golden Voice of the Royal Capital".

From her brief relationship with a Khmer Republic parachutist and General Srey Ya, Sothea increasingly became involved in the military. As the Khmer Republic struggled in the civil war, Sothea and Sisamouth and their contemporaries published patriotic songs for the fledgling republic. Her career would continue until the Khmer Rouge captured the beleaguered capital, Phnom Penh in April 1975.

Personal Life[link]

Sothea's personality is invariably described as modest and reserved. She is known to have been involved in a few relationships throughout her life. When she arrived in Phnom Penh, she was courted by fellow singer Sos Mat and eventually married. Unfortunately Mat was already legally married to two other wives. As her career moved forward, Sos Mat became insanely jealous of her success and of the men who came to watch her perform. Traumatized by the emotional abuse from the constant envy of his other wives and the domestic violence from Sos Mat, they separated within six months of marriage. With her name ruined as a result of the divorce she was left with one option and returned to her family in Battambang. It would only be with intervention and help from Sinn Sisamouth that she resumed her career in Phnom Penh.

Despite the high profile divorce with Sos Mat, Sothea's popularity resurged and she met and the son of the famous Van Chan film company as part of her contracts recording film songs. Their marriage resulted in a son but for undocumented reasons they separated. She is also noted to have had a relationship with a parachutist of the Khmer Republic. General Srey Ya of Lon Nol's government who was extremely infatuated with her, ended up holding her against her will in one incident. Sothea's unsteady relationship's may have been the inspiration behind her most depressing ballads.

Fall of Phnom Penh[link]

It is believed Sothea had traveled to Pailin Province for the Buddhist New Year in 1975. Some of her final recordings are those celebrating the New Year in Pailin. Many are skeptical of this claim as it had been increasing dangerous to travel outside Phnom Penh due to the encirclement of Khmer Rouge forces. When Phnom Penh fell ,there were apparently attempts by military personnel to evacuate Sothea out of the country. Like everyone else when the Khmer Rouge took over, she was forced to leave Phnom Penh. There are many speculations regarding her fate from a variety of witnesses.

Sothea was initially able to hide her identity well as she was from the Cambodian countryside and adjusted well contrary to most of the "New People". The survivors from her camp didn't even know she was amongst them until she secretly confided with them. Eventually she was discovered and was forced by Pol Pot to marry one of his assistants in 1977. As a prolific singer, Sothea was forced to exclusively perform songs for the new regime.

Her new marriage was an unhappy one marred by physical abuses. Eventually the disputes got out of hand and the Khmer Rouge cadre of her village decided she was more trouble alive. She was told that she and her family would be moved to another village and she was last seen by survivors departing by ox cart. She then disappeared under typically mysterious circumstances and is almost certainly dead.

Other accounts believe that she died from being overworked in a Khmer Rouge agricultural camp. Another account even says that she was still alive when the Vietnamese invading forces arrived in Phnom Penh in 1979 but died of malnutrition shortly after in a hospital.

As a high profile individual and a musician, she was a prime candidate for extermination during Pol Pot’s regime. Her two surviving sisters insist that Sothea along with their mother and children were taken to Kampong Som province and executed immediately following the Fall of Phnom Penh. Her remains have yet to be discovered.

Legacy[link]

With the cultural upheaval by the Khmer Rouge, scant evidence of Ros Serey Sothea's life remains. Her master recordings were either destroyed by the regime or deteriorated rapidly in the tropical environment due to lack of preservation. However, many vinyl recordings have survived and have gained reissues initially on tape cassettes and later on compact discs. Unfortunately many of these reissues are also remixed with extra beats usually overriding the original score. The vinyls from the master sources are thereby highly sought out by preservationist and collectors.

Nonetheless Sothea remained extremely popular posthumously in Cambodia and Cambodian communities scattered throughout the United States, France, Australia and Canada. Western interest in Sothea would not dawn until songs by Sothea, Sinn Sisamouth and other Cambodian singers of the era such as Meas Samoun, Choun Malai and Pan Ron, were featured on the soundtrack to Matt Dillon's film City of Ghosts. Tracks by Sothea are "Have You Seen My Love", "I'm Sixteen" and "Wait Ten Months".

The Los Angeles band Dengue Fever, which features Cambodian lead singer Chhom Nimol, covers a number of songs by Sothea and other singers from the short-lived but rich Cambodian rock and roll scene. The advent of the internet, undoubtedly saved what was left of her discography while spreading and garnering interest in her music even after almost half a century later.

Partial discography[link]

Rock[link]

• "Chnam Oun Dop Prum Mouy (I'm 16)
• "Cry Loving Me"
• "Don't Be Mad"
• "Hair Cut, Hair Cut"
• "Have You Seen My Love"
• "I'm So Shy"
• "Phey! Phey!" (Scared! Scared!)
• "Since When You Knew Me"
• "Wait Ten Months"
• "Wicked Husband"
• "Mdeth gall daltarm kyum?(why do you follow me?)
• "Klein jurp nersa (The fragrant that lasts with me)
• "Rom Woolly Bully
• "Bong Srolań Oun Ponman Der (Tell Me How Much You Love Me)
• "Po Pruk Po Lngeach
• "Penh Chet Tae Bong Muoy"

Romvong[link]

• "Kaduk Dol Heuy"
• "Komping Puoy"
• "Rolum Saen Kraw"
• "Sarika Keo Kauch"

Saravann[link]

• "Sra Muy Keo" (One Shot)

Slow[link]

• "Bopha Akasajal"
• "Jomno Pailin"
• "Kom Plich Oun Na"
• "New Year's Eve"
• "Pink Night"
• "Pga Reige Leu Maik"
• "Pruos Reing Awej?"
• "Lort sene duong chan
• "Chross O'yadao
• "Somnerng Bopha prey phnom(songs of the jungle girl)
• "Sralmall sene khyum(Shadow of my love)
• "Chmreing sene khyum(Story of my love)
• "Alay bong cher net(always misses you)
• "Teurk hoe teu (river flow)
• "Bong ban sonyah(You've promise)
• "Soum ros khbere bong
• "Oun soum angvall (I beg of you)
• "Oun neul tharl rong jum (I will still wait)
• "Complete men ban ( Can't forget)
• "Oun smak bong smoss
• "Oun sralnane bong nas( I love you so much)
• "San nuk alay
• "Men gor sralane bong( I shouldn't love you)
• "Chup sralane men ban (Can't stop loving you)
• "Jum neu tharl jum
• "Oun jum bong cher neth
• "Pros bondoll chiet
• "Kum keng oun na bong
• "Rom cha cha cha
• "Jum loss sone
• "Bong tvere eouy oun yume(You made me cry)
• "Yume samrapp thngay ness
• "Sall anosaovary
• "Lane khume teu (let me go)
• "Bondam stung keiv
• "Reastrei buth sene (missing lover of the night)
• "Pkah orchid
• "Auh! seneha khyume
• "Verjah boross (the word of men)
• "Popol gomah
• "Prote svamei
• "Oun soum phneu chheung
• "San klotpsa
• "Chhba mon reing khyum
• "Norok lokei(The sin of man)
• "Ahso kasalmerlerr
• "Rolok songka therm svamei
• "Thmnorng leakina
• "Thgnay lett oun sralnoss(When sunset,I miss u)
• "Tropeang Peay
• "San chok chem
• "Pathchere sralnoss
• "Gonsan nisei
• "Machass sene oun
• "Chmreing avasane
• Konsaeng Krohom(Red Scarf)
• Pros Del Ka'bor Chet (Man who betrays)
• Veal Srey Sronoh

Duets with Sinn Sisamouth[link]

• "Ae Na Promajarey"
• "Bos Choong"
• "Chom Chait Pesaey"
• "Chor Louch Jet"
• "Have a Caramel"
• "Jong ban pka avey?"("What flower do you want?"
• "Kay Tha Kyom Jass"
• "Konarb snaeha" ("Love poem")
• "Komnoch veyo"
• "Pneik Kmohuoch"
• "Nao Tae Srolan
• "Oh! snaeha euy!" ("Oh! Love...")
• "Oun Rom Som Tae"
• "Sronos Oh Jrov"
• "Soniya 3 Tngai"(A Promise for 3 Days)
• "Tesepheap Prolim"
• "Tiev Euy Srey Tiev"
• "Tmor Kol Sromol Snae"
• "Tok Bong Om Skat"
• "Yaop Yun Thun Trojeak"
• "Yerng Kom Plich Knear"

Duets with Other Artists[link]

• Kmao Euy Kmao(Em Song Seum-1972)
• Komloss Kromum Heu Ha(Em Song Seum-1972)
• Komloss Kromum Srok Srae
• Hann Pnal Da Ey(Eng Nary)
• Soll Tae Card
• Pka Sarai

References[link]

• A Voice from the Killing Fields
• Queen of Golden Voice: A Biography of Ros Serey Sothear
• An Interview with Ros Serey Sother's Sisters (in Khmer)

External links[link]

• The Golden Voice, short film about Ros Sereysothea by Greg Cahill
• Don't Think I've Forgotten - A documentary about the Khmer rock and roll scene.
• Ros Sereysothea - Biography, Videos, Music, Pictures - A fan site.
• Freedom Deal - Dramatic feature film with Cambodian rock and roll soundtrack elements
• Ros Sereysothea Biography

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Preap Sovath
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Background information
Born	(1972-02-27) February 27, 1972 (age 40) Kandal, Cambodia
Genres	Cambodian Music (various genres of music)
Occupations	Singer, Actor
Years active	1992 - Present
Labels	Rasmey Hang Meas Production

Preap Sovath (ព្រាប សុវត្ថិ) (also spelled Preap Savat) (born May 25, 1975) is a singer in Cambodia.^[1] He records for Cambodian production company Rasmey Hang Meas.

Preap Sovath performs the style of music known as "Khmer Karaoke", the name derives from the fact that most sales are of VCDs rather than CDs and all VCD film clips come with karaoke-style subtitled lyrics.

Preap Sovath generally eschews strictly traditional Khmer songs and musical styles, instead his music is modern style for Cambodia's youth. He performs on many televised anthology-style live concert programmes and holds residencies at Phnom Penh's nightclubs. He has also released a compilation album Do Re Mi with Kim Leakhena.

Live performances[link]

Best of the Best: Live Concert is a concert performed annually since 2004 at a football(soccer) stadium by Cambodian singers including Raksmey Hang Meas and Preap Sovath. The concert is free to the public; the sales of the DVD or CD cover the costs.

MTV EXIT Concert Preap Sovath took part in MTV EXIT Concert in Phnom Penh on December 12, 2008. The concert is part of a campaign to raise awareness to end exploitation and human trafficking in Asia.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Rasmey Hang Meas Production's Website [1]
• Preap Sovath's Profile (under construction)[2]
• Preap Sovath's Profile - Angkorthom [3]

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Kim Leakhena (Khmer: គិម លក្ខិណា) (born 1983) is a Cambodia female pop music vocalist and model. She is signed to Rasmey Hang Meas Production, one of Cambodia's leading popular entertainment companies.

Career[link]

Leakhena amongst her solo work has released a compilation album with one of Cambodia's most successful male singers, Preap Sovath, entitled Do Re Mi. Their hit, Bompay Madizone, is well known song amongst the youth in Cambodia. Her music ranges from Khmer pop to Cambodian ragga and rap.^[1]

Leakhena has also released an album in collaboration with Chhet Sovan Panha and Pich Sophea.

Humanitarian work[link]

In August 2005 she performed with other Cambodian pop stars in Australia, a concert covered by Radio Australia. A series of concerts were held in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide entitled "Khmer Stars Sing for Khmer Children in Australia", an event that was organized by the Save the Cambodian Children Fund in Australia.^[2] Leakhena performed to raise awareness of the problems facing Cambodian children and human trafficking and illegal labor and the proceeds of the event went towards supporting them with vocational skills training and education programs, including healthcare, implemented by the Healthcare Center for Children in Cambodia.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

• YouTube
• Rasmey Hang Meas website

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