The following is a list of characters from the American television series ''The Brady Bunch'', and related shows and movies.

The Brady Family

Carol Brady

Caroline "Carol" Ann Brady (née Carol Ann Tyler) portrayed by Florence Henderson is the wife of Mike Brady. At the beginning of the pilot, her last name is Martin from her first marriage, during which she had had three daughters. She gains three stepsons when she marries Mike Brady. Carol enjoys singing in the church choir, and with her daughter Marcia in the high school Family Frolic Talent Show. In the episode "A Fistful of Reasons," in which Cindy is bullied because of her lisp, Carol confesses that she too overcame a lisp while growing up in Swampscott, Massachusetts.

During the original ''Brady Bunch'' series, Carol is a stay-at-home mother. In the sequels, she becomes a real estate agent, converting the boys' old room into her home office.

How Carol's previous marriage ended (''i.e.'' due to a death or divorce) is not mentioned. Creator and Executive Producer Sherwood Schwartz had originally intended for Carol to be a divorcee; however, ABC refused to allow the fate of her first marriage to be revealed on the show. Sherwood Schwartz later wished to use her divorce to his advantage, and wanted to use Carol's previous husband as a mechanism to replace Robert Reed on the show should the show enter its sixth season. The show was canceled before Schwartz could execute his plan.

Mike Brady

Michael Paul "Mike" Brady portrayed by Robert Reed is the head of the Brady household. He has three sons of his own. Mike, a widowed architect, became the stepfather of three daughters when he married Carol Martin. Mike enjoyed fishing and camping.

Shortly after the fourth season began, Mike grew his hair into a longer, curly style. He was named "Father of the Year" by a local newspaper after his stepdaughter Marcia submitted an essay. His parents have sometimes been mentioned, but never seen. Mike has a firm personal integrity (i.e. he refuses to participate in a commercial if it means saying a product is the best that he believes isn't) coupled with a strong sense of ethics.

It is implied that Mike is a very highly qualified and well-respected architect, although he has had his share of failures. For instance:

In "How to Succeed in Business?" Mike says that he has lost jobs (in reassuring Peter that failure and getting fired are a part of life).

In ''A Very Brady Christmas'', contractor Ted Roberts (who is looking to save money on his building project) fires Mike when he refuses to cut corners and take out important safety provisions. Mike, however, is later proven right when the structure begins to crumble (trapping two security guards, and later Mike, inside); everyone escapes with only a few bruises.

Mike was one of the staff architects with the firm he worked at; the name was never mentioned in the series, and Mr. Ed Phillips was his boss. By the time ''A Very Brady Christmas'' and ''The Bradys'' aired, he was the senior partner at the firm.

In episode #4 of ''The Bradys'', "Hat in the Ring," when sworn in as City Councilman, his full name is given as ''Michael Thomas Brady''.

Both Gene Hackman and Jeffrey Hunter were considered for the role of Mike Brady. Hackman was Sherwood Schwartz's first choice, but was rejected by Paramount for not having enough experience. Jeffrey Hunter approached Schwartz to play Mike Brady, but Schwartz felt Hunter was too attractive to play a down-to-earth architect.

In 2004, ''TV Guide'' ranked him number 14 on its 50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time list.

Greg Brady

Gregory "Greg" Brady is the oldest Brady son and was played by Barry Williams. Greg is a Westdale High School student who plays football, plays guitar, surfs, and aspires to be a singer. Greg is portrayed as self-confident and brassy at times, and generally acts as leader and spokesman for the other kids. Being the oldest of the Brady children, Greg is usually the one who devises their plans. As the series went on, Greg became somewhat of a "ladies' man" at school. Also as the character got older, Greg often attempted to disassociate himself from the younger siblings, eventually getting his own room in the attic.

Despite this, Greg always sticks up for his younger siblings and helps them out whenever he can. He also frequently shows an ample sense of fair play, as when he refused to go along with a classmate's plan to spread a false rumor about Marcia at school. However, he has been known to cross the lines when he believes the situation warrants it (specifically, when he created a phony playbook to thwart a cheating quarterback from a rival high school). He has also been known to use the line, "Something suddenly came up," to break off a date (without giving a further explanation) so he can go out with a more desirable girl.

Greg's dream of becoming a singer almost comes true when he was handpicked by record producers to be a pop singer under the stage name "Johnny Bravo"; however, he walked away from a potentially lucrative deal when he found out his recordings were being electronically "sweetened" and that the producers were more interested in the visual product than substance. "They didn't want me; they wanted a robot," he said about the incident.

Greg eventually became an obstetrician (as mentioned in ''A Very Brady Christmas''). His wife's name is Nora (who is a nurse), and they have a son, Kevin.

Marcia Brady

Marcia Brady (née Marcia Martin, later Marcia Brady-Logan) is the oldest Brady daughter and was portrayed by Maureen McCormick. Marcia is portrayed as a mature and popular girl at Westdale High School. Her popularity is an ongoing source of contempt for her younger sister Jan. She is a great fan of TV-star idols Desi Arnaz Jr. and Davy Jones (Both actors, portraying themelves, appeared in their own episode). Despite Marcia's reputation, she has her share of problems, such as unrequited crushes, insecurity over having braces, and insecurity over receiving a swollen nose from a stray football thrown by Peter. She has a fragile ego that sometimes goes amok (as evidenced in "Juliet is the Sun," when she becomes so hard to get along with she is dismissed from her star role as Juliet).

In ''The Brady Girls Get Married'', Marcia had graduated from college, became a fashion designer, and marries Wally Logan. However, by the time ''A Very Brady Christmas'' aired, she was a stay-at-home mother (raising two children, daughter Jessica and son Michael "Mickey"). She was still unemployed at the beginning of ''The Bradys'', and at this point her ego began to take such a beating she briefly turned to alcohol for solace. By the end of the series, Marcia and her husband, Wally (a toy salesman who was frequently out of work, due to either layoffs or getting fired) join their sisters-in-law (Nora and Tracy) to open a catering business.

Peter Brady

Peter Brady is the middle Brady son and was played by Christopher Knight. Peter often thinks badly of himself, such as believing he has no personality in the episode "The Personality Kid". The clumsiest of the bunch, he sometimes gets overexcited and acts before thinking. Nevertheless, he is a fun-loving boy whom girls adored later in the original series. He has a non-related twin named Arthur Owens (also played by Christopher Knight), who is shown in the episode "Two Petes in a Pod". Peter is also the only one in the family with brown eyes—all the others had blue or green eyes.

Peter later joined the military for career guidance, as seen in ''The Brady Girls Get Married''. In later sequels, he is an administrative assistant (at one point, working under his fiancee, Valerie; they later end their engagement), and still later, a business partner with Bobby. Peter was the only Brady child to not have a spouse or significant other when ''The Bradys'' was cancelled.

Jan Brady

Jan Brady (née Jan Martin, later Jan Brady-Covington) is the middle Brady daughter and was portrayed by Eve Plumb. Storylines which involve Jan often feature her jealousy of her seemingly more popular older sister Marcia, or her awkward position as the middle child. In addition, Jan is insecure about having freckles and wearing glasses, embarrassed about the fact she does not have a boyfriend (she invents a fictional boyfriend named "George Glass" in an effort to save her reputation), and concerned about her future appearance. A typical plot line surrounding Jan would feature her attempting to carve out her niche in the family, or make a name for herself at school. Once, in exasperation at her supposed inferiority to Marcia, she uttered the now famous catch phrase, "Marcia, Marcia, Marcia" which was later parodied in the ''Brady Bunch'' movie and in a recurring ''Saturday Night Live'' sketch.

As a young teen, Jan had a striking resemblance to her Great-Aunt Jenny (played by Imogene Coca) in her younger days. Jan is also occasionally absent-minded, once losing the tube containing her father's architectural plans while visiting King's Island amusement park in Cincinnati. In her later high school years, Jan found she had a talent for painting (as does Eve Plumb), which likely led to her career choice as an architect, following in her father's footsteps (as shown in later reunion films).

In ''The Brady Girls Get Married'' Jan marries Phillip Covington. The two met in college (he was her professor). The Covingtons briefly separate in ''A Very Brady Christmas'', but reconcile. However, they are unable to conceive their own children and in ''The Bradys'' adopt a Korean girl named Patty.

Bobby Brady

Robert "Bobby" Brady is the youngest Brady son and was played by Mike Lookinland. Bobby was the "safety monitor" at his school and occasionally gets the other siblings into trouble. The precocious and often overlooked youngest boy, Bobby was often portrayed as a whimsical dreamer, fantasizing about having various adventurous lifestyles, such as being a race car driver, a cowboy, and an astronaut. On one occasion, one of his fantasies came true when he got to play football with Joe Namath.

On another occasion, Bobby became a professional race car driver, which led to a crash and Bobby's paralysis on ''The Bradys''. Bobby is going through rehabilitative therapy when he marries his girlfriend, Tracy (Martha Quinn). Bobby — who had dropped out of business school to pursue his dream of racing cars — resumes his originally intended career path, joining Peter in a business venture.

Cindy Brady

Cynthia "Cindy" Brady (née Cynthia Martin) is the youngest Brady daughter and was played by Susan Olsen. She was portrayed as a naive, but occasionally precocious little girl, who was most often seen wearing her hair in pigtails and had a pronounced lisp. She frequently liked to snoop and share secrets she had found out. In one episode, the family had to help her correct her habit of tattling. She also had various failed attempts at fame, such as attempting to break a world record for teeter-tottering, appearing on a game show (on which she suffered from stage fright and had a catatonic attack), and trying to become "the new Shirley Temple". However, she does play a pivotal role in helping Bobby meet boyhood idol Joe Namath by signing Bobby's name to a letter stating he is "really, really sick."

On ''The Bradys'', Cindy became a deejay (much like Susan Olsen herself did). At the radio station, she becomes romantically involved with her boss, a Jewish widower who is more than 15 years her senior and has two children. The relationship did not have time to develop before ''The Bradys'' was cancelled.

Other main characters

Alice Nelson

Alice Nelson, best known to television viewers as simply Alice, is the housekeeper to the Brady family. She was portrayed by Ann B. Davis.

Alice grew up in the same neighborhood as the Bradys, graduating from Westdale High School, the school Greg and Marcia attended in the series. Alice was the housekeeper to Mike Brady, his previous wife (who died before the series started), and their three boys. Alice stayed on, to be the housekeeper for not only his boys, but for his new wife, Carol, and her three daughters. Alice was generally impartial toward the children, although she presented Jan with a locket at one point, "from one middle sister to another."

Alice was best known for telling jokes (often self-deprecating, and usually interspersed with drier humor than the rest of the Brady clan), which were almost invariably met with multiple "Oh, Alice!" responses. Alice was also known for her sky blue housekeeping uniform, which she almost always wore. She also joined in the children's games (including playing basketball), and went along with the family on vacations.

In an apparent running gag with the character, strenuous physical activity would sometimes cause Alice to throw her back out, making her immobile for a short period of time.

Alice had an identical cousin, Emma (also played by Davis), who was a retired master sergeant in the Women's Army Corps. Emma once filled in for Alice when Alice traveled out of town. Alice quit her job at one point when she felt the children no longer trusted her, becoming a waitress at a local restaurant. Her replacement Kay (who did her work faithfully, but never tried to become close with the Bradys) told the kids where to find her ("The Golden Spoon at Fourth and Oak..."), and they begged Alice to come back.

For most of the series, Alice dated Sam Franklin (Allan Melvin), who ran the local butcher shop. In the final season, Alice and Sam were engaged. Alice and Sam have won awards in Charleston dancing and bowling, which was parodied in the ''Brady Bunch Movie'', in which Sam gave Alice a new bowling ball instead of an engagement ring. They were married some time after ''The Brady Bunch'' left the air in 1974 and before ''The Brady Girls Get Married''.

In the 1990s parody movies, Alice was played by actress Henriette Mantel. In the first film, Davis makes a cameo as a truck driver whose CB handle is "Schultzy" (Davis first became popular in the 1950s playing a character named Schultzy on ''The Bob Cummings Show'').

The role of Alice was originally to have been played by Monty Margetts, but at the last minute, the role was recast. This was due to the fact that producers of the show changed their mind about casting Joyce Bulifant, who was originally cast as Carol Brady, and instead replaced her with Florence Henderson, who took on the role; producers felt a more comedic, zany housekeeper was called for, to balance Henderson's soft-spoken, low key presence.

Sam Franklin

Sam Franklin is Alice's boyfriend, who owns a local butcher shop. While he is frequently mentioned in dialogue, Sam actually appears in only eight episodes, although his appearances span all the seasons. In the made-for-television film ''The Brady Girls Get Married'', Sam had been married to Alice for quite some time. Sam was portrayed by Allan Melvin. Lewis Arquette portrayed Sam briefly in ''A Very Brady Christmas'', wearing a Santa Claus beard.

Cousin Oliver

Cousin Oliver stays with the Brady family during the last six episodes of the fifth and final season of ''The Brady Bunch''. As explained in the episode "Welcome Aboard" from season five, Carol's brother Jack and his wife Pauline are traveling to an archaeological dig in South America, and because their son Oliver is unable to accompany them, he is sent to live with the Bradys. Cousin Oliver was played by actor Robbie Rist.

Cousin Oliver was eight years old (Rist was actually nine) and very young in contrast to the other kids, all of whom were twelve or older—an apparent attempt, despite Oliver's precociousness, to restore some of the appeal the series had enjoyed when the other children were younger. Some fans would later call the addition of Cousin Oliver the moment when the series "jumped the shark". Similarly, in ''The Partridge Family'' a precocious four-year-old neighbor named Ricky (Ricky Segall) was added for its final season (the same year as the final season of ''The Brady Bunch''). The addition of younger children to sitcoms that seem to have run their course, in an attempt to improve declining ratings, became a television trend popularly known as "Cousin Oliver Syndrome".

Years later, Rist appeared with members of ''The Brady Bunch'' cast on an episode of the game show ''The Weakest Link''. Introducing himself, he joked: "I hope I don't kill this show too!" Rist ended up being the first "weakest link" of the episode.

The Bradys' pets

Tiger is the name of the Brady Family's dog, who appeared in many of the early episodes. The original dog used was run over by an automobile and died of his injuries before the fourth episode, but a replacement look-alike (named "Tiger" in real life) was found. This version stayed on until partway through the second season, when he was quietly written out of the series. This paralleled the Brady's Friday night companion show The Partridge Family whose dog Simone also disappeared that year without an explanation. Tiger appeared in a total of 10 episodes.

Fluffy is the name of the cat owned by Carol Brady and her girls. Fluffy only appeared in "The Honeymoon" episode from Season One, and was never seen again.

The children had a series of other pets throughout the series, each of them were featured in one episode apiece (to advance a plot). These pets ranged from frogs and birds to rabbits, goldfish and hamsters.

Characters making three or fewer appearances

Felix Brown—The school creep (unseen all throughout the series' entire run) who is untruly said to be Marcia's boyfriend in both Season 1 episodes "Vote For Brady" and "Father of the Year."

Rusty (Stephen Liss)—A classmate of Greg's who worked as his campaign manager for class president. The friendship is broken off when Rusty suggests spreading false rumors about Greg's opponent (and sister) Marcia, and Greg fires him on the spot in the episode "Vote for Brady" from Season 1.

Buddy Hinton (Russell Schulman)—A bully who taunts Cindy for her lisp in the episode "A Fistful of Reasons" from Season 2 and also says to her, "Baby talk, baby talk, it's a wonder you can walk." When Peter — who is Buddy's age — tries to stick up for Cindy, but doesn't want to get into a fight, Buddy calls Peter a chicken. Eventually, Peter gets the upper hand, which results in Buddy Hinton being given a "looth" tooth.

Bebe Gallini (Abbe Lane)—A fussy cosmetics maven who approaches Mike to design her factory in the shape of a powder puff in the episode "Mike's Horror-Scope" from Season 1.

Jennifer Nichols (Tannis G. Montgomery)—A conniving classmate of Greg's, whom she dates solely to win his vote for head cheerleader in the episode "Greg's Triangle" from Season 4. Greg ultimately votes for another girl, who is talented, Pat Conway (played by Rita Wilson) over Marcia Brady, who is very understanding of Greg's vote, and Jennifer Nichols, who immediately dumps Greg.

Pat Conway (Rita Wilson)—A talented classmate of Greg's, whom he ultimately votes for as head cheerleader over Marcia, who is very understanding of Greg's vote, and Jennifer Nichols (played by Tannis G. Montgomery), who immediately dumps Greg, in the episode "Greg's Triangle" from Season 4.

Mr. Ed Phillips (Jack Collins)—Mike's boss at the architectural firm, who appeared in the following three episodes, "Call Me Irresponsible", "Coming-Out Party", and "Double Parked", all from Season 2.

Mr. Harold Matthews (Jim Backus)—Mike's second boss, who sent Mike a pool table as a thank you gift, in "The Hustler" episode from Season 5.

Mr. Harry Duggan (Jackie Coogan)—The plaintiff in "The Fender Benders" episode from Season 3. Mr. Harry Duggan plots to seek exaggerate damages from Carol Brady in court over a parking lot fender bender. The court finds in favor of Carol Brady.

Martha—A friend (unseen all throughout the series' entire run) of Carol Brady's, whose name is frequently mentioned throughout the series' run, usually whenever Carol Brady's on the phone with her friend Martha.

Mrs. Denton—Marcia's English teacher (unseen all throughout the series' entire run), who, according to Marcia's school principal Mr. J. P. Randolph (played by E. G. Marshall), turned in a piece of paper with Marcia's name written on it, which has an insulting remark written on it about Mrs. Denton, which eventually is discovered to have been written by Paula Tardy (Chris Charney) in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2.

Mr. J. P. Randolph (E. G. Marshall)—Marcia's school principal, who orders Marcia to stay after school for an entire week after her English teacher Mrs. Denton (unseen all throughout the series' entire run) discovered an insulting remark, which was written about Mrs. Denton, on a piece of paper with Marcia's name written on it in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2.

Jenny Wilton (Hope Sherwood, daughter of the creator)—Marcia's best friend, to whom Marcia apologizes to and re-invites to her slumber party after all in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2.

Ruthie (Barbara Henderson, daughter of Florence Henderson)—One of Marcia's many friends at Marcia's slumber party in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2.

Karen (Carolyn Reed, daughter of Robert Reed)—Another one of Marcia's many friends at Marcia's slumber party in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2.

Paula Tardy (Chris Charney)—Another one of Marcia's friends in "The Slumber Caper" episode from Season 2, who confesses to writing the insulting remark about Marcia's English teacher Mrs. Denton (unseen all throughout the series' entire run), which not only resulted in Marcia's school principal Mr. J. P. Randolph (plE. G. Marshall) ordering Marcia to stay after school for an entire week for something Marcia didn't do, also as a result of Paula Tardy's misdeeds, Marcia very nearly didn't have her slumber party, and because of the very embarrassing circumstances, Marcia apologizes to and re-invites her best friend Jenny Wilton (Hope Sherwood, daughter of Sherwood Schwartz) to her slumber party after all. Note: In "The Tattle-Tale" episode from Season 2, Mrs. Denton, who, according to Marcia, made Paula Tardy (unseen in that episode) go right into the washroom and scrub off her mascara.

Rachel (Hope Sherwood, daughter of Sherwood Schwartz)—Greg's date on two occasions who appeared in "The Big Bet" from Season 3 and in "Greg Gets Grounded" from Season 4.

Doug Simpson (Nicholas Hammond)—The class hunk whom Marcia wanted to get a date with in "The Subject Was Noses" episode from Season 4. Doug breaks the date when he sees Marcia's swollen nose (due to Peter having accidentally hit her in the nose with a thrown football). Doug was later portrayed in ''The Brady Bunch Movie'' by Shane Conrad.

Charlie (Stuart Getz)—In "The Subject Was Noses" episode from Season 4, Charlie has a crush on Marcia, but she breaks a date with him to go out with Doug Simpson (Nicholas Hammond). Charlie's not as hung up on looks as Doug is, as he still wants to date Marcia, no matter what her nose looks like. Marcia eventually apologized to Charlie for blowing him off and agreed to go out with him after all. During Charlie's and Marcia's date, Charlie ran into Doug, who mocked Marcia for breaking their date, leading to an altercation where Charlie punched Doug in the nose, leaving him with an injury similar to what Marcia had. Charlie was later portrayed in ''The Brady Bunch Movie'' by R.D. Robb.

Connie Hutchins and Judge Hank Brady (Florence Henderson and Robert Reed in dual roles)—Carol's maternal grandmother and Mike's paternal grandfather, who are fixed up with one another by the kids in the episode "You're Never Too Old" from Season 4.

Clark Tyson (Mark Gruner)—Jan's classmate and object of an unrequited crush in "The Not-So-Ugly Duckling" episode from Season 2. Clark confides to Carol later that his lack of a romantic interest in Jan (whom he considers a friend) is because of her tomboyish appearance in how she dresses. He refers to Jan as "a really cool guy," and wishes she wore "groovy clothes" that were more girlish.

George Glass—An imaginary boyfriend Jan creates (all in her mind from looking at a glass from across a room) after her crush on her classmate Clark Tyson (Mark Gruner) is unrequited in "The Not-So-Ugly Duckling" episode from Season 2. George Glass is also used in ''A Very Brady Sequel'', only to be a real person (Michael Lundberg) who returns Jan's feelings.

Mark Millard (Stephen Dunne)—An old boyfriend of Alice's, who appears unexpectedly in the episode "Alice's September Song" from Season 2, appearing to want to rekindle their relationship. However, he turns out to be a scam artist, trying to get her to participate in a phony investment scheme.

Millicent (Melissa Sue Anderson)—Cindy's friend who gives Bobby his first kiss as a thank you for defending her, causing him, in a state of delirium, to imagine he sees skyrockets. This phenomenon has him so curious that he decides to return the favor by going over to Millicent's house to kiss her back and sees the skyrockets again, only to have a stunned Millicent tell him that she may have the mumps - meaning he might now also have them as well in the episode "Never Too Young" from Season Five.

Margie Whipple (Karen Foulkes)—A friend of Jan and Peter, who has a crush on Peter. Peter suffers from the presence of Margie Whipple at Lucy Winter's (Pamelyn Ferdin) birthday party, where Jan's new black wig was thought to be a joke in the episode "Will the Real Jan Brady Please Stand Up?" from Season 2.

Lucy Winters (Pamelyn Ferdin)—A friend of Jan and Peter, who hosts a birthday party, where Jan's new black wig was thought to be a joke. Both Margie Whipple (Karen Foulkes) and Lucy Winters each tell Jan that they both envy Jan's long blonde hair in the episode "Will the Real Jan Brady Please Stand Up?" from Season 2.

The Coach (Bart LaRue)—An unnamed character who coaches football at all sub-college levels (little league to high school). Seen in "The Drummer Boy" episode from Season 2 and in the episode "Click" from Season 3.

Warren Mulaney (Gary Rist)—Greg's rival in the episode "My Sister, Benedict Arnold" from Season 3. Greg unfairly blamed Warren for taking a coveted starting spot on the varsity basketball team and beating him out for class president, and is even more infuriated when Warren asks Marcia out. Warren is very nice, but he and Marcia realize they have no chemistry and break it off, but she resumes the relationship when Greg threatens her not to see Warren again.

Kathy Lawrence—A classmate of Marcia's seen in two episodes from Season 3. In one episode from Season 3 "My Sister, Benedict Arnold" Kathy and Marcia are apparent rivals; Marcia had accused Kathy of using underhanded means to take the final spot on the cheerleading squad, and is angered when Greg asks Kathy out for the sole purpose of getting even with Marcia for continuing to go out with Warren Mulaney after Greg warned Marcia against it. In a subsequent episode from Season 3 "The Personality Kid" Kathy is Marcia's friend who helps in an ill-fated attempt to develop Peter's personality.

Kay (Mary Treen)—A friend of Alice's who temporarily takes over as Brady housekeeper (after Alice resigns following a series of misunderstandings and falling-outs with the kids). Kay does her work faithfully, but citing a previously bad experience with another family she had worked for - she had also felt betrayed by that family, just like Alice - she decides not to become close to the Bradys. Eventually, she reveals to the kids that Alice had gotten a job at a diner on the edge of town, which leads to Alice's return in the episode "Goodbye, Alice, Hello" from Season 4.

Jerry Rogers (Chris Beaumont)—An unethical star quarterback at a rival high school, who aims to steal Greg's football playbook in "Quarterback Sneak" from Season 5. Unknown to Marcia, Jerry asks to drive her home (so he can get in the house and thus at the playbook). Greg's initial suspicions are confirmed when Bobby sees an attempted theft. Marcia refuses to believe Greg about Jerry at first, but later sees Jerry's true colors when she witnesses the second attempt, which is successful. Jerry — who has actually stolen a phony playbook Greg created — is later kicked off the team when his coach finds out about the theft.

Tank Gates (Denny Miller)—Carol Brady's egomaniacal ex-high school boyfriend in "Quarterback Sneak" from Season 5 actually bets against his high school alma mater and loses the bet when he learns of the stolen playbook.

Linda and Sandra (Linda Gibboney and Cindi Crosby)—Two cousins of one another, each who dates Peter (who poses as Greg's fictitious classmate "Phil Packer" by donning a false mustache) and Greg, respectively, in "Peter and the Wolf" from Season 5. The two cousins of one another, who both discover Greg's ruse, plot revenge on Greg by trying to expose Phil's true identity, but it nearly backfires when their plan is hatched in front of conservative clients of Mike's.

Phil Packer—A fictitious classmate (who Peter Brady poses as by donning a false mustache) of Greg Brady's in "Peter and the Wolf" from Season 5. Linda (Linda Gibboney) and Sandra (Cindi Crosby), two cousins of one another, who both discover Greg's ruse, plot revenge on Greg Brady by trying to expose Phil's true identity, but it nearly backfires when their plan is hatched in front of conservative clients of Mike's.

Linda O'Hara (Gigi Perreau)—Greg's beautiful math teacher, whom Greg has a crush on in "The Undergraduate" from Season 1.

Linda (Teresa Warder, uncredited)—Marcia's new friend in "The Undergraduate" from Season 1, who, according to Carol Brady, is ''not'' the Linda, whom Greg has a crush on, according to Mike Brady, it's Greg's beautiful math teacher Miss Linda O'Hara (Gigi Perreau), whom Greg has a crush on.

Aliens from Kaplutis Herlo and Shim (Frank and Sadie Delfino)—Bobby discovers one night in a dream two Aliens from Kaplutis Herlo (Frank Delfino) and Shim (Sadie Delfino) in "Out of this World" from Season 5. The Delfinos had long worked on ''The Brady Bunch'' set. Frank Delfino was Mike Lookinland's 'Bobby Brady' stunt double while Sadie was Susan Olsen's 'Cindy Brady' stunt double until Mike Lookinland and Susan Olsen substantially grew too big.

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Tyler (J. Pat O'Malley and Joan Tompkins)—Carol's parents Mr. Henry Tyler and Mrs. Tyler who appear only in "The Honeymoon" from Season 1.

Mr. Larry Dittmeyer and Mrs. Dena Dittmeyer—The Bradys' next door neighbors, whose names are frequently mentioned throughout the series' run. Larry makes his only appearance (played by an unnamed and uncredited actor) by briefly peeking over the side fence in the episode "Coming-Out Party" from Season 2 (while Dena is unseen all throughout the series' entire run). The Dittmeyers have three children, Nancy Dittmeyer, Carla Dittmeyer, and Mary Dittmeyer (all three unseen all throughout the series' entire run). In ''The Brady Bunch Movie'', Larry Dittmeyer (Michael McKean) is a shady real estate developer and Dena Dittmeyer (Jean Smart) is a miserable housewife who attempts to get Mr. Brady in bed with her. They only have two children, Eric (Jack Noseworthy) and Missy (Moriah Snyder), in the film.

Nancy Dittmeyer and Carla Dittmeyer—The older two (both unseen all throughout the series' entire run) of the three Dittmeyer children. Nancy and Carla Dittmeyer are friends of Marcia's and Jan's as mentioned in the "Every Boy Does it Once" from Season 1.

Mary Dittmeyer—The youngest one (unseen all throughout the series' entire run) of the three Dittmeyer children. Mary Dittmeyer was beat out for the lead part of the fairy princess by Cindy Brady in the Dixie Canyon Elementary School play "''The Frog Prince''" in "Eenie, Meenie, Mommy, Daddy" from Season 1.

Cousin Emma (Ann B. Davis, dual)—Alice's look-alike cousin in a dual role), stays with the Bradys to fill in for Alice, during her vacation in "Sergeant Emma" from Season 3. A retired Sergeant in the Army, Emma turns the Brady household into a virtual barracks, forcing the Brady kids to do early morning calisthenics and running things with military precision. Though she gets on everyone's nerves, Carol, Mike and the kids are all afraid to complain for fear of offending Alice.

Arthur Owens (Christopher Knight, dual)—Peter's lookalike classmate in "Two Petes in a Pod" from Season 5.

Mr. Driscoll (Pitt Herbert)—The owner of Driscoll's Toy Shop (Pitt Herbert) appeared for Season 1 only in "Kitty Karry-All is Missing" and "The Hero".

Alfred Baily (Robert Nadder)—The department store clerk (Robert Nadder), who tells Jan the engraving of the Brady kids' names was 85 cents ''per letter'' - ''not'' 85 cents for the entire engraving - for the silver platter tray - as a four year wedding anniversary present to Carol and Mike from the kids - in "Amateur Nite" from Season 4.

Gregory Gaylord (Robert Nadder)—The photographer who, according to Jan, was so mixed up that he lost the negative, and that he has to do the re-take photo of the Brady kids - with Jan in her glasses - after Jan, who balked at wearing her glasses, ruined the original photo with her bicycle - in which Jan didn't have her glasses as yet - as a three year wedding anniversary present to Carol from Mike - in "The Not-So-Rose Colored Glasses" episode from Season 3.

Mrs. Marcia Dentist—Marcia's daydream fantasy of herself ("Love and the Older Man" from Season 4); Mrs. Marcia Dentist marries Dr. Stanley Vogel (Don Brit Reid), then her two children (Bobby and Cindy) and housekeeper (Alice) come in the kitchen with her, and then Dr. Stanley Vogel comes home from a hard day's work at the dentists' office and sits down in his favorite dentists' chair (in Marcia's daydream fantasy of Dr. Stanley Vogel). Marcia's daydream fantasies of her future with Dr. Stanley Vogel all vanish when Jan tells Marcia he's married.

Dr. Stanley Vogel (Don Brit Reid)—The Brady family's new dentist in the episode "Love and the Older Man" from Season 4. Marcia has a crush on Dr. Vogel and has daydreams of becoming "Mrs. Marcia Dentist" until Jan tells Marcia Dr. Vogel is married.

References

Characters Brady Bunch

no:Cousin Oliver

name	Maureen McCormick
birth date	August 05, 1956
birthname	Maureen Denise McCormick
birth place	Encino, California, U.S.
occupation	Actress, singer
yearsactive	1964–present
spouse	Michael Cummings (m. 1985–present) }}

Maureen Denise McCormick (born August 5, 1956) is an American actress, celebrity and recording artist. She is most widely known as a child actress who played Marcia Brady in the television series ''The Brady Bunch'' from 1969 to 1974.

Early life and career

McCormick was born in Encino, California, the daughter of Irene (née Beckman) and William McCormick, a teacher. At the age of six she won the Baby Miss San Fernando Valley beauty pageant. McCormick first appeared on national U.S. television in 1964 for Mattel toys on Barbie and Chatty Cathy doll commercials. She lent her voice to a redesigned Chatty Cathy doll in 1970. Through the later 1960s McCormick appeared in two episodes of ''Bewitched'' and played guest roles on ''I Dream of Jeannie'', ''Honey West'', ''The Farmer's Daughter'' and ''My Three Sons''.

Marcia Brady

McCormick played the eldest daughter, Marcia, who had five other siblings. She had a perky and popular personality in ''The Brady Bunch'', an American television sitcom about a blended family that aired from late 1969 to early 1974 on ABC, Friday nights at 8pm. After its cancellation ''Brady Bunch'' episodes were rebroadcast in syndication for decades as children's programming, gathering a long lasting, cross-generational popularity that led to spinoffs and movies.

Later career

After ''The Brady Bunch'', McCormick made guest appearances on many television series such as ''Happy Days'', ''Donny & Marie'', ''Love Boat'', ''Vega$'', ''Streets of San Francisco'' and ''Fantasy Island'', along with supporting roles in a few B-movies such as 1979's ''A Vacation In Hell'', ''Skatetown, U.S.A.'' and 1987's ''Return to Horror High''. However, perhaps owing to the ongoing broadcast of ''Brady Bunch'' reruns in syndication, she may have become typecast. McCormick later claimed she failed to get a part as a prostitute or heroin dealer for the movie ''Midnight Express'' because of this. McCormick was the first actress to play Rebecca Crane on the soap opera ''Passions'' but she was not put on contract.

In 2007, McCormick was a cast member on the fifth season of VH1's reality show ''Celebrity Fit Club'', hoping to lose 30 pounds she had gained since her mother died of cancer and needing to move her disabled brother into an assisted living facility. McCormick lost 34 pounds and, in June of that year, was the individual winner of the series. In 2008, she became a spokesperson for Children International. Later that year, she became a cast member on the CMT reality show ''Gone Country''. This led to a spin-off reality series called ''Outsiders Inn'' in which she opened a bed and breakfast inn in Newport, Tennessee. On March 15, 2009, McCormick appeared on Comedy Central's roast of Larry the Cable Guy.

She also appeared in an episode of ''Scrubs'' as JD's dream wife; however, she is married to him as Marcia Brady.

Personal life

McCormick and fellow ''Brady Bunch'' cast member Barry Williams had a sporadic romance during the original series run, with their first romantic kiss happening in the summer of 1972, while filming the Hawaiian episodes.

In her autobiography, McCormick wrote that her grandmother died from syphilis in a mental institution, having gotten the disease from her husband who had caught it in Europe at the time of World War I (and who committed suicide a week after his wife's death). McCormick's mother had contracted syphilis in utero and McCormick dealt with a life-long, but unfounded, fear she would also get the disease. Hence, McCormick later said her favorite scenes in ''The Brady Bunch'' were those that called for her to cry, since this allowed her to release feelings she drew from those fears.

Following the cancellation of ''The Brady Bunch'', McCormick went through years of addiction to cocaine and Quaaludes that harmed her career. McCormick later claimed she sometimes traded sex for cocaine. She flubbed an audition with Steven Spielberg for a part in ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', showing up high on cocaine and sleepless for three days. She lost her reputation for reliability in Hollywood, and one producer threatened that she would never work as an actress again. She had two unwanted pregnancies, both of which ended in abortion. She also dealt with bouts of depression and bulimia.

On March 16, 1985 she married Michael Cummings, who had never seen or heard of ''The Brady Bunch''. They fell in love upon meeting in a church. McCormick and Cummings have one child, daughter Natalie Michelle, born May 19, 1989. The family lives in Westlake Village, northwest of Los Angeles.

After her marriage, McCormick went through a series of interventions, stints in rehab and experimental therapies. She says treatment with psychologist Eugene Landy, who had also treated Brian Wilson, set her back. Although she began to get sober after marrying her husband, McCormick still suffered from depression and paranoia. McCormick once threatened to jump from a balcony in front of her husband. She and her husband were at first wary of medication, but McCormick has been treated with antidepressant medication such as Prozac since the 1990s. McCormick also said she was helped by her friendships with former ''Brady Bunch'' cast members.

In April 2007, on the TV series ''Dr. Phil'', McCormick talked about a family dispute, accusing her brother of both elder abuse and alienating their father from his other children to gain control of his finances.

Autobiography

On October 14, 2008, with wide and sometimes controversial publicity, she released her autobiography ''Here's the Story: Surviving Marcia Brady and Finding My True Voice'', which debuted at number four on The New York Times Best Seller List and stayed on the list for three weeks. The book was published by HarperCollins and was acquired by the Director of Creative Development, Lisa Sharkey. While promoting the book she was a guest on many news and talk shows such as ''Access Hollywood'', ''The Howard Stern Show'', ''Good Day L.A.'' and ''Paula's Party''. ''The Today Show'' reportedly aired an interview with McCormick about the book rather than switch to a story about the 2008 recession. McCormick said a movie would likely be made about her autobiography.

Other TV, film and stage work

In 1976, she played a teenage prostitute on the TV series ''The Streets of San Francisco''.

On February 5, 1989, she reprised her role as Marcia Brady in a dream sequence episode of the short-lived sitcom ''Day by Day''. The episode brought together the Brady family in a dream to slacker son Ross who neglects schoolwork to watch a ''Brady Bunch'' marathon. McCormick scored big laughs in the satiric segment playing a visibly pregnant Marcia.

In 1993, she played herself on an episode of ''Herman's Head''.

In 1994, McCormick played the role of Rizzo in the Broadway production of ''Grease''.

In 1997, she played the title role in ''Get to the Heart: The Barbara Mandrell Story''.

In 2000, she played Rebecca Hotchkiss on ''Passions'' for 10 episodes; after her stint ended, she was replaced by Andrea Evans.

In 2001, she played Mrs. Strawther on ''Son of the Beach''.

In 2003, she appeared in ''Scrubs'' in a dream sequence where protagonist J.D. imagines Marcia Brady as his ideal bride (he shushes her when she points out that her name is actually Maureen McCormick).

In 2003, she appeared as herself in a "bonus feature" entitled "Child Stars on Your Television" in the DVD release of ''Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star''. In 2007, she played a shy, clumsy woman who was the eventual object of Jason Alexander's desires in the Brad Paisley country music video, "Online".

In 2009, she participated in the Comedy Central Roast of Larry the Cable Guy, which aired on March 14.

Recording career

McCormick recorded four albums with the ''Brady Bunch'' cast and toured with them. In 1972, she released her first solo single with the songs "Truckin' Back to You" and "Teeny Weeny Bit (Too Long)." A year later McCormick recorded an album with ''Brady'' co-star Christopher Knight. The pop LP, called ''Chris Knight and Maureen McCormick'', carried both duets and solo tracks by the two young television stars. McCormick's second solo single was "Little Bird", backed with "Just a Singin' Alone", had mild chart success in the western US. McCormick performed "Little Bird" on ''American Bandstand'' and the show's host Dick Clark encouraged her to follow a singing career. McCormick released another single in 1973, "Love's in the Roses", backed with "Harmonize."

More than twenty years later McCormick released her first solo album, a country CD called ''When You Get a Little Lonely'' (1995). Although not a commercial success, it gathered mostly positive reviews. In 1997, she played country singer Barbara Mandrell in the television biography ''Get to the Heart: The Barbara Mandrell Story'' and in 2008 competed for a record contract on the CMT reality show ''Gone Country''.

Biographical portrayals

Kaley Cuoco portrayed McCormick in ''Growing Up Brady''. McCormick's character Marcia Brady has been portrayed by Christine Taylor in ''The Brady Bunch Movie'' and ''A Very Brady Sequel''.

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1965	''''	Christine	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 25: ''Why Don't They Ever Pick Me?''
1965	''Bewitched''	Young Endora — Girl	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 7: ''Trick or Treat''
1965		Margaret Mary Driscoll	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 8: ''In The Bag''
1965–1966	''Camp Runamuck''	Maureen Sullivan	TV Series; Two Episodes; Season 1, Episode 1: ''Who Stole My Bathtub''; Season 1, Episode 16: ''Tomboy''
1966	''I Dream of Jeannie''	Susan	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 20: ''My Master, The Doctor''
1967	''My Three Sons''	Sylvia Walters	TV Series; Season 8, Episode 10: ''Ernie, The Bluebird''
1969	''''	Uncredited	Zephyr Commercial
1969–1974	''''	Marcia Brady	TV Series; 116 Episodes; Series Regular
1971		Talking Doll	Voice
1972	''''	Marcia Brady	''The Brady Kids on Mysterious Island''; Television Movie; Voice
1972–1973	''''	Marcia Brady	TV Series; Voice
1973	''Marcus Welby, M.D.''	Sharon Boyd	TV Series; Season 4, Episode 23: ''The Day After Forever''
1975	''Happy Days''	Hildie	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 16: ''Crusin''
1975	''Harry O''	Nancy Wayne	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 22: ''Street Games''
1975	''''	Uncredited	Television Movie
1975	''Joe Forrester''	Irene Kellogg	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 3: ''Bus Station''
1976	''''	Cindy Lawson	TV Series; Season 5, Episode 5: ''No Minor Vices''
1976	''Pony Express Rider''	Rose of Sharon	Theatrical Release
1976	''Gibbsville''	Uncredited	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 4: ''All The Young Girls''
1976–1977	''''	Marcia Brady	TV Series; 9 Episodes; Series Regular
1977	''Delvecchio''	Lynette Youndfellow	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 14: ''One Little Indian''
1977	''Moonshine County Express''	Sissy Hammer	Theatrical Release
1977	''''	Karen Phillips	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 10: ''Nancy Drew's Love Match''
1977–1982	''''	Barbara Holmes	TV Series; 5 Episodes
1978	''Vega$''	Jenny Logan	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 8: ''The Pageant''
1978–1983	''Fantasy Island''	Angela Brennan	TV Series; 6 Episodes
1979		Brooke Cooper	Theatrical Release
1979		Jenny	TV Series; One Episode: ''When, Jenny? When?''
1979		Tiffany	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 16: ''Sweep''
1979	''''	Margret	Television Movie
1979	''''	Janet	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 2: ''Throwaway Child''
1979	''Skatetown, U.S.A.''	Susan	Theatrical Release
1980	''''	Ellen Fields	Theatrical Release
1981	''''	Marcia Brady	TV Special
1981	''''	Marcia Brady	TV Series; 6 Episodes; Series Regular
1981		Fay	Theatrical Release
1983	''Shout for Joy''	Uncredited	Co-Stars: Michael Cummings; Robert Pierce
1986	''New Love, American Style''	Uncredited	TV Series; Episode: ''Love and the F.M. Doctor''
1987	''Return to Horror High''	Officer Tyler	Theatrical Release
1988	''''	Marcia Brady Logan	Television Movie
1989	''That's Adequate''	Space Princess	Theatrical Release
1989		Marcia Brady	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 11: ''A Very Brady Episode''
1990	''The Bradys''	Marcia Brady-Logan
1993	''Bradymania: A Very Brady Special''	Marcia Martin Brady-Logan	TV Special
1996	''''	Valerie	TV Series; Season 2, Episode 4: ''Kept Man''
1996	''Panic in the Skies!''	Turkey, Walker's Assistant	Television Movie
1997	''Touched by an Angel''	Jodi	TV Series; Season 3, Episode 19: ''Clipped Wings''
1997		Didi Schmidt	Theatrical Release
1997	''Get to the Heart: The Barbara Mandrell Story''	Barbara Mandrell	Television Movie
1997	''ABC TGIF''	Judy Beauchamp	TV Series; Episode: ''Halloween Frightful Bash''
1997–1998		Judy Beauchamp	TV Series; 11 Episodes; Series Regular
1997–2003	''Johnny Bravo''	FrannyAmberlyPizza Girl	TV Series; Voice; 3 Episodes
1999	''Baby Huey's Great Easter Adventure''	Nick's Mom	Direct-to-Video
1999	''Moesha''	Saleslady	TV Series; Season 5, Episode 8: ''Isn't She Lovely?''
2000	''''	Betsy Hunter	Theatrical Release
2000	''Passions''	Rebecca Hotchkiss (#1)	TV Series; Season Regular
2000–2002	''Son of the Beach''	Mrs. Strawther	TV Series; 3 Episodes
2001	''''	Uncredited	Short Film
2001	''Title to Murder''	Leah Farrell	Theatrical Release
2001	''Shock Video 2002: America Undercover''	Narrator	Television Special
2002	''''	Rita Carter	TV Series; Season 1, Episode 14: ''Shallow Gal''
2002	''Jane White Is Sick & Twisted''	Nancy	Theatrical Release
2003	''''	Mrs. Bauer	TV Series; Season 4, Episode 11: '' Moving on Up''
2004	''''	Receptionist	TV Series; Season 3, Episode 12: ''Beautiful Blue Mystic''
2008	''Stone & Ed''	Dream Mother	Theatrical Release
2008	''Outsider's Inn''	The Innkeeper	TV Series; Series Regular; 7 Episodes

Awards and nominations

! Year	! Presenter	! Award	! Result
2005–2006	TV Land Awards	Choice Dream Sequence	Nominated
2005	TV Land Awards	Choice Singing Siblings (shared with the kids of The Brady Bunch)	Nominated
2006	TV Land Awards	Most Beautiful Braces	Nominated
2007	TV Land Award	Pop Culture Award	Won

References

External links

The Official Maureen McCormick Web site/Fan Club

McCormick, Maureen. ''Here's the Story: Surviving Marcia Brady and Finding My True Voice''. William Morrow, October 14, 2008. ISBN 978-0061490149

Book review of ''Here's the Story: Surviving Marcia Brady and Finding My True Voice''

Category:American child actors Category:American country singers Category:American female singers Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American soap opera actors Category:American television actors Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Participants in American reality television series Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers Category:Celebrity Fit Club participants Category:Reality show winners Category:1956 births Category:Living people

de:Maureen McCormick es:Maureen McCormick fr:Maureen McCormick nl:Maureen McCormick sh:Maureen McCormick

alt	A mid-twenties African American man wearing a sequined military jacket and dark sunglasses. He is walking while waving his right hand, which is adorned with a white glove. His left hand is bare.
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michael Joseph Jackson
alias	Michael Joe Jackson, MJ, King of Pop
birth date	August 29, 1958
birth place	Gary, Indiana, U.S.
death date	June 25, 2009
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
instrument	vocals, guitar, drums, percussion, keyboards
genre	R&B;, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, new jack swing
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, composer, dancer, choreographer, record producer, actor, businessman, philanthropist
years active	1964–2009
label	Motown, Epic, Legacy
associated acts	The Jackson 5
relatives	Janet Jackson (sister)
website	130pxMichael Jackson's signature }}

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Often referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.

In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B;, pop and rock artists.

Jackson's 1982 album ''Thriller'' is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including ''Off the Wall'' (1979), ''Bad'' (1987), ''Dangerous'' (1991), and ''HIStory'' (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.

Life and career

Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)

Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B; band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.

Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B; Album, Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B; Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B; Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B; Album and Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt ''Off the Wall'' should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.

''Thriller'' and ''Motown 25'' (1982–83)

In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows. The album topped the ''Billboard'' 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven ''Billboard'' Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It," and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'." ''Thriller'' was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work. Thanks to the ''Bad'' album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989. ''HIStory'' received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. However, the sales for ''Invincible'' were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG. With ''Thriller'', Christopher Connelly of ''Rolling Stone'' commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media. "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to ''West Side Story'', and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey. He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.

In ''Bad'', Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that ''Dangerous'' presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual. He comments the album is more diverse than his previous ''Bad'', as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World". The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. ''Dangerous'' contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries. In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.

''HIStory'' creates an atmosphere of paranoia. Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B; ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media. In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot". ''Invincible'' found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins. It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B; in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".

Vocal style

Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's ''G.I.T.: Get It Together'' album. Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of ''Off the Wall'': it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. With the arrival of ''Off the Wall'' in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, ''Rolling Stone'' compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly". 1982 saw the release of ''Thriller'', and ''Rolling Stone'' was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".

A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him. The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album ''Dangerous''. ''The New York Times'' noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals. When commenting on ''Invincible'', ''Rolling Stone'' were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies". Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".

Music videos and choreography

Referred to as the King of Music Videos, Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before ''Thriller'', Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.; His performance on ''Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever'' changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like ''Thriller'' largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in ''Thriller'' has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The ''Thriller'' short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the ''Guinness World Records''.

In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; ''Time'' magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.

}} ;Bibliography

George, Nelson (2004). ''Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection'' booklet. Sony BMG.

Further reading

External links

Michael Jackson Live: Best Pics – slideshow by ''Life magazine''

Michael Jackson at MTV

FBI file on Michael Jackson

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Name	Howard Stern
Birth name	Howard Allan Stern
Birth date	January 12, 1954
Birth place	Jackson Heights, New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Radio personality, television host, author, actor, photographer
Years active	1975–present
Spouse	Alison Berns (1978–2001; div.)Beth Ostrosky (2008–present)
Party	Libertarian during 1994 Governor of New York campaign
Website	www.howardstern.com }}

Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio personality, television host, author, actor, and photographer best known for his radio show, which was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2005. He gained wide recognition in the 1990s where he was labeled a "shock jock" for his outspoken and sometimes controversial style. Stern has been exclusive to Sirius XM Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service, since 2006. The son of a former recording and radio engineer, Stern wished to pursue a career in radio at the age of five. While at Boston University he worked at the campus station WTBU before a brief stint at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts.

He developed his on-air personality when he landed positions at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor, WCCC in Hartford and WWWW in Detroit. In 1981, he was paired with his current newscaster and co-host Robin Quivers at WWDC in Washington, D.C. Stern then moved to WNBC in New York City in 1982 to host afternoons until his firing in 1985. He re-emerged on WXRK that year, and became one of the most popular radio personalities during his 20-year tenure at the station. Stern's show is the most-fined radio program, after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued fines to station licensees for allegedly indecent material that totaled $2.5 million. Stern has won ''Billboard's'' Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year award eight times, and is one of the highest-paid figures in radio.

Stern describes himself as the "King of All Media" for his ventures outside radio. Since 1987, he has hosted numerous late night television shows, pay-per-view events and home video releases. He embarked on a five-month political campaign for Governor of New York in 1994. His two books, ''Private Parts'' (1993) and ''Miss America'' (1995), spent 20 and 16 weeks respectively on ''The New York Times'' Best Seller list. The former was adapted into ''Private Parts'' (1997), a biographical comedy film that starred Stern and his radio show staff that earned $41.2 million in domestic revenue. Stern performs on its soundtrack which topped the ''Billboard'' 200 chart.

Early life and education

Stern was born on January 12, 1954 into a Jewish family who lived in Jackson Heights, Queens in New York City. His parents Ben and Ray (née Schiffman) are children of Austro-Hungarian immigrants, and his sister Ellen is four years older than he. The family moved to the hamlet of Roosevelt on Long Island in 1955, where Stern developed an interest in radio at five years of age. While Ray was a homemaker and later an inhalation therapist, Ben was a co-owner of Aura Recording, Inc., a recording studio in Manhattan where cartoons and commercials were produced. When he made occasional visits with his father, Stern witnessed actors Wally Cox, Don Adams and Larry Storch voice his favorite cartoon characters, which influenced him to later talk on the air rather than play records. Ben was also an engineer at WHOM, a radio station in Manhattan. On completion of sixth grade, Stern left Washington-Rose Elementary School for Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School. In June 1969, the family moved to nearby Rockville Centre and Stern transferred to South Side High School.

Stern spent the first two of four years at Boston University in the College of Basic Studies. In 1973, he started to work at WTBU, the campus radio station where he spun records, read the news, and hosted interviews. He also hosted a comedy program with three fellow students called ''The King Schmaltz Bagel Hour''. Stern gained admission to the School of Public Communications in 1974 and earned a diploma in July 1975 at the Radio Engineering Institute of Electronics in Fredericksburg, Virginia which allowed him to apply for a first class FCC radio-telephone license. With the license, Stern made his professional debut at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts, performing airshift, newscasting and production duties between August and December 1975. He graduated magna cum laude from Boston University in May 1976 with a degree in Communications and now funds a scholarship at the university.

Career

Early professional radio career (1976–1981)

After his graduation in 1976, Stern declined an offer to work evenings at WRNW, a progressive rock station in Briarcliff Manor, Westchester County, New York. He was unsure of his talent, and questioned his future in the professional industry. Stern took creative and media planning roles at Benton & Bowles, a New York advertising agency, followed by a job in selling radio time to advertisers. He realized the mistake of declining on-air work and contacted WRNW a second time where he agreed to work covering shifts over the Christmas holiday period. Stern was hired full time in 1977 and worked a four-hour midday shift, six days per week a $96 weekly salary. He subsequently worked as the station's production and program director for an increased salary of $250.

In 1979, Stern spotted an advertisement for a "wild, fun morning guy" at rock station WCCC in Hartford, Connecticut. He submitted a more outrageous audition tape with Robert Klein and Cheech and Chong records mixed with flatulence routines and one-liners. Stern was hired with no change in salary with a more intense schedule. After four hours on the air he voiced and produced commercials for another four. On Saturdays, following a six-hour show, he did production work for the next three. As the station's public affairs director he also hosted a Sunday morning talk show which he favoured. In the summer of the 1979 energy crisis, Stern held a two-day boycott of Shell Oil Company which attracted media attention. Stern left WCCC a year later after he was declined a pay increase. Fred Norris, the overnight disc jockey, has been Stern's producer and writer since 1981.

Management at rock outlet WWWW in Detroit, Michigan praised Stern's audition tape in their search for a new morning man. Stern was hired for the job which he started on April 21, 1980. He learned to become more open on the air and "decided to cut down the barriers...strip down all the ego...and be totally honest", he later told ''Newsday''. His efforts earned him a ''Billboard'' award for "Album-Oriented Rock Personality of the Year For a Major Market" and the Drake-Chenault "Top Five Talent Search" title. The station however, ran into problems after Stern's quarterly Arbitron ratings had decreased while it struggled to compete with its stronger rock competitors. In January 1981, WWWW switched to a country music format much to Stern's dislike, who left the station soon after. He received offers to work at WXRT in Chicago and CHUM in Toronto, but did not take them.

Washington and WNBC New York (1981–1985)

Stern moved to Washington, D.C. to host mornings at rock station WWDC on March 2, 1981. He wanted to develop his show further, and looked for a co-worker with a sense of humor to riff with on news and current events. The station paired Stern with Robin Quivers, a newscaster and consumer affairs reporter from WFBR in Baltimore. Though he felt restricted and controlled by management who enforced a strict format, Stern had the second highest rated morning radio program in January 1982. Impressed with his ratings success, Stern was approached by NBC with an offer to work afternoons at WNBC in New York City. After he signed a five-year contract worth $1 million in March, Stern's relationship with WWDC management worsened, and his contract with the station was terminated on June 25. He had more than tripled the station's morning ratings during his stay. In its July issue ''The Washingtonian'' named Stern the area's best disc jockey. Stern released ''50 Ways to Rank Your Mother'', a comedy album of his radio bits. The record was re-released as ''Unclean Beaver'' in November 1994.

On April 2, 1982, a news report by Douglas Kiker on raunch radio featuring Stern aired on ''NBC Magazine''. The piece stimulated discussion among NBC management to withdraw Stern's contract. When he began his afternoon program in September, management closely monitored Stern, telling him to avoid talk of a sexual and religious nature. In his first month, Stern was suspended for several days for "Virgin Mary Kong", a segment featuring a video game where a group of men pursued the Virgin Mary around a singles bar in Jerusalem. An attorney was hired to man a "dump button", and cut Stern off the microphone should potentially offensive areas be discussed. This became the task of program director Kevin Metheny, who Stern nicknamed "Pig Virus". On May 21, 1984, Stern made his first appearance on ''Late Night with David Letterman'', launching him into the national spotlight. A year later he claimed the highest ratings at WNBC in four years with a 5.7% market share.

On September 30, 1985, Stern and Quivers were fired for what management termed "conceptual differences" regarding the show. said program director John Hayes, who Stern nicknamed "The Incubus". In 1992, Stern believed Thornton Bradshaw, chairman of WNBC's owner RCA, heard his "Bestiality Dial-a-Date" segment and ordered his firing. Stern and Quivers kept in touch with their audience throughout October and November where they toured club venues with a stage show.

K-Rock, early television endeavors and Fartman (1985–1992)

Stern signed a contract with Infinity Broadcasting worth around $500,000 and returned to afternoons on its New York rock station WXRK on November 18, 1985. The show moved to mornings on February 18, 1986 and entered national syndication on August 18 when WYSP in Philadelphia first simulcast the program. In the New York market ''The Howard Stern Show'' was the highest-rated morning program for seven consecutive years between 1994 and 2001. In 1994, ''Billboard'' magazine added the "Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year" category to its annual radio awards based on entertainment value, creativity and ratings success. Stern was awarded the title from 1994 to 2002.

In May 1987, Stern recorded five television pilots for Fox when the network planned to replace ''The Late Show'' hosted by Joan Rivers. The series was never picked up; one executive having described the show as "poorly produced", "in poor taste" and "boring". Stern hosted his first pay-per-view event on February 27, 1988 named ''Howard Stern's Negligeé and Underpants Party''. Over 60,000 homes purchased the two-hour special that grossed $1.2 million. On September 7, 1989, over 16,000 fans packed out Nassau Coliseum for ''Howard Stern's U.S. Open Sores'', a live event that featured a tennis match between Stern and his radio show producer, Gary Dell'Abate. Both events were released for home video. From 1990 to 1992, Stern was the host of ''The Howard Stern Show'', a Saturday night program on WWOR-TV. The series ran for 69 episodes to 65 markets nationwide. In February 1991, Stern released ''Crucified by the FCC'', a collection of censored radio segments following the first fine issued to Infinity by the FCC over alleged indecency. He released a third video tape, ''Butt Bongo Fiesta'', in October 1992 that sold 260,000 copies for a gross of over $10 million. He returned to Saturday night television that November with ''The Howard Stern "Interview"'', a one-on-one celebrity interview series on E!.

Stern appeared at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards as Fartman, a fictional superhero that first appeared in the ''National Lampoon'' humor magazine series. According to the trademark he filed for the character that October, he first used Fartman in July 1981. Stern rejected multiple scripts for a proposed summer 1993 release of ''The Adventures of Fartman'' until a verbal agreement was reached with New Line Cinema. Screenwriter J. F. Lawton had prepared a script before relations soured over the film's rating, content and merchandising rights and the project was abandoned.

''Private Parts'', E! show and run for Governor (1993–1994)

In 1993, Stern signed a $1 million advance contract with Simon & Schuster to publish his first book. Co-authored with Larry Sloman and edited by Judith Regan, the release of ''Private Parts'' on October 7 saw its first printing of 225,000 copies being sold within hours of going on sale. It became the fastest-selling title in the history of Schuster after five days. In its eighth printing two weeks later, over one million copies had been distributed. Stern embarked on a book signing tour that attracted an estimated 10,000 fans at a Barnes & Noble store on Fifth Avenue in New York. In its first run, ''Private Parts'' spent 20 weeks on ''The New York Times'' Best-Seller list. Stern has written forewords for ''Steal This Dream'' (1998), a biography of Abbie Hoffman, ''Disgustingly Dirty Joke Book'' (1998) by Jackie Martling, ''Too Fat to Fish'' (2008) by Artie Lange, and ''Dear Mrs. Fitzsimmons: Tales of Redemption from an Irish Mailbox'' (2010) by Greg Fitzsimmons.

Stern hosted his second pay-per-view event, ''The Miss Howard Stern New Year's Eve Pageant'', on December 31, 1993. It broke the subscriber record for a non-sports event previously held by a New Kids on the Block concert in 1990. Around 400,000 households purchased the event that grossed an estimated $16 million. Stern released the program on VHS in early 1994 as ''Howard Stern's New Year's Rotten Eve 1994''. Between his book royalties and pay-per-view profits, Stern's earnings in the latter months of 1993 totalled around $7.5 million. In its 20th anniversary issue in 1993, ''Radio & Records'' named Stern the most influential air personality of the past two decades.

On March 21, 1994, Stern announced his candidacy for Governor of New York under the Libertarian Party ticket, challenging Mario Cuomo for re-election. He planned to reinstate the death penalty, stagger highway tolls to improve traffic flow, and limit road work to night hours. At the party's nomination convention in Albany on April 23, Stern won the required two-thirds majority on the first ballot, receiving 287 of the 381 votes cast (75.33%). James Ostrowski finished second with 34 votes (8.92%). To place his name on the November ballot, Stern was obliged to state his home address and to complete a financial disclosure form under the Ethics in Government Act of 1987. After denying to disclose his financial information, Stern was denied an injunction on August 2. He withdrew his candidacy two days later. Cuomo was defeated in the gubernatorial election on November 8 by George Pataki, who Stern backed. Pataki signed "The Howard Stern Bill" that limited construction on state roads to night hours in New York and Long Island, in 1995.

In June 1994, robotic cameras were installed at WXRK studios to film ''The Howard Stern Show'' for a condensed half-hour show on E!. ''Howard Stern'' ran for 11 years until the last taped episode aired on July 8, 2005. In conjunction with his move to satellite radio, Stern launched Howard Stern on Demand, a subscription video-on-demand service, on November 18. The service was relaunched as Howard TV on March 16, 2006.

''Miss America'' and ''Private Parts'' film (1995–1997)

On April 3, 1995, three days after the shooting of singer Selena, Stern's comments regarding her death and Mexican Americans caused an uproar in the Hispanic community. He criticized her music and gunfire sound effects were played over her songs. "This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul...Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth". On April 6, Stern responded with a statement in Spanish, stressing his comments were made in satire and not intended to hurt those who loved her. A day later, Justice of the Peace Eloy Cano of Harlingen, Texas issued an arrest warrant on Stern for disorderly conduct.

In 1995, Stern signed a deal with ReganBooks worth $3 million to write his second book, ''Miss America''. He wrote about his cybersex experiences on the Prodigy service, a private meeting with Michael Jackson, and his suffering with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Released on November 7, the book sold 33,000 copies at Barnes & Noble stores on the same day which set a new one-day record. ''Publishers Weekly'' reported over 1.39 million copies were sold by the year's end and ranked it the third best-selling book of 1995. ''Miss America'' spent a total of 16 weeks on ''The New York Times'' best-seller list.

Production for a film adaptation of ''Private Parts'' began in May 1996 with all shooting complete in four months. Its premiere was held at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden on February 27, 1997, where Stern performed "The Great American Nightmare" with Rob Zombie. Making its general release on March 7, ''Private Parts'' topped the box office sales in its opening weekend with a gross of $14.6 million, and went on to earn a total of $41.2 million in domestic gross revenue. The film holds a "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a website that aggregates film reviews. 79% of critics gave ''Private Parts'' a positive review based on a sample of 48 reviews, with an average score of 6.6 out of 10. For his performance, Stern won a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for "Favorite Male Newcomer" and was nominated for a Golden Satellite Award for "Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture (Comedy)" and a Golden Raspberry Award for "Worst New Star". The soundtrack to ''Private Parts'' sold 178,000 copies in its first week of release, topping the ''Billboard'' 200 chart.

Stern filed a $1.5 million lawsuit against Ministry of Film Inc. in October 1997, claiming it recruited him for a film titled ''Jane'' starring Melanie Griffith while knowing it had insufficient funds. Stern, who was unpaid when production ceased, accused the studio of breach of contract, fraud and negligent representation. A settlement was reached in 1999 with Stern receiving $50,000.

Return to Saturday night television and productions (1998–2004)

In August 1998, Stern returned to Saturday night television with ''The Howard Stern Radio Show''. Broadcast across the country on CBS affiliates, it featured radio show highlights along with material unseen in his nightly E! show. The show competed for ratings with comedy shows ''Saturday Night Live'' on NBC and ''MADtv'' on Fox. Concerned with its risqué content, affiliates began to leave the show after two episodes. Making its launch on 79 stations on August 22, 1998, this number was reduced to 55 by June 1999. A total of 84 episodes were broadcast. The final re-run aired on November 17, 2001, to around 30 markets.

In 1994, Stern launched the Howard Stern Production Company for original and joint production and development ventures. He intended to make a film adaptation of ''Brother Sam'', the biography of the late comedian Sam Kinison. In September 1999, UPN announced the production of ''Doomsday'', an animated science-fiction comedy series executively produced by Stern. Originally set for a 2000 release, Stern starred as Orinthal, a family dog. The project was eventually abandoned. From 2000 to 2002, Stern was the executive producer of ''Son of the Beach'', a sitcom which ran for three seasons on FX. In late 2001, Howard Stern Productions was reportedly developing a new sitcom titled ''Kane''. The pilot episode was never filmed. In 2002, Stern acquired the rights to comedy films ''Rock 'n' Roll High School'' (1979) and ''Porky's'' (1982). He filed a $100 million lawsuit in March 2003 against ABC and the producers of ''Are You Hot?'', claiming the series was based on his radio segment called "The Evaluators". A settlement was reached on August 7.

Stern announced in early 2004 of talks with ABC to host a prime time interview special, which never materialized. In August 2004, cable channel Spike picked up 13 episodes of ''Howard Stern: The High School Years'', a second animated series Stern was to executive produce. On November 14, 2005, Stern announced the completion of episode scripts and 30 seconds of test animations. Stern eventually gave the project up. In 2007, he explained the episodes could have been produced "on the cheap" at $300,000 each, though the quality he demanded would have cost over $1 million. Actor Michael Cera was cast as the lead voice.

Satellite radio and ''America's Got Talent'' (2004–present)

On October 6, 2004, Stern announced the signing of a five-year contract with Sirius Satellite Radio, a medium free from FCC regulations, that started in January 2006. His decision to leave terrestrial radio occurred in the aftermath of the controversy surrounding the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February that caused a crackdown on perceived indecency in broadcasting. The incident prompted tighter control over content by station owners and managers to which Stern felt "dead inside" creatively. Stern hosted his final broadcast on terrestrial airwaves on December 16, 2005. During his 20 years at WXRK his show had syndicated in 60 markets across the United States and Canada and gained a peak audience of 20 million listeners.

With an annual budget of $100 million for all production, staff and programming costs, Stern launched two channels on Sirius in 2005 named Howard 100 and Howard 101. He assembled the Howard 100 News team that covered stories about his show and those associated with it, and a new dedicated studio was constructed at Sirius' headquarters in New York. On January 9, 2006, the day of his first broadcast, Stern and his agent received 34.3 million shares of stock from the company worth $218 million for exceeding subscriber targets set in 2004. A second stock incentive was paid in 2007, with Stern receiving 22 million shares worth $82.9 million.

On February 28, 2006, CBS Radio (formerly Infinity Broadcasting) filed a lawsuit against Stern, his agent and Sirius. The suit claimed Stern had misused CBS broadcast time to promote Sirius for unjust enrichment during the last 14 months of his terrestrial radio contract. In a press conference held hours before the suit was filed, Stern said it was nothing more than a "personal vendetta" against him by CBS president Leslie Moonves. A settlement was reached on May 25, with Sirius paying $2 million to CBS for control of Stern's 20-year broadcast archives. In the same month, ''Time'' magazine included Stern in its Time 100 list. He also ranked seventh in Forbes' Celebrity 100 list in June 2006, and reappeared in 2011 at number 26.

Stern signed a new contract with Sirius to continue his show for five more years in December 2010. Following the agreement, Stern and his agent filed a lawsuit against Sirius on March 22, 2011, for allegedly failing to pay stock bonuses promised to them from the past four years while helping the company exceed subscriber growth targets. Sirius said it was "surprised and disappointed" by the suit. In May, Stern announced that he would be broadcasting on a reduced schedule, alternating between three-day and four-day working weeks. On December 15, 2011, Stern announced that he will replace Piers Morgan as a judge for the seventh season of ''America's Got Talent''. Filming will take place in New York and will start in February 2012.

FCC fines

From 1990 to 2004, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has fined owners of radio stations that carried ''The Howard Stern Show'' a total of $2.5 million for indecent programming.

Personal life

Stern married his first wife, Alison (née Berns), on June 4, 1978 at Temple Ohabei Shalom in Brookline, Massachusetts. They have three daughters: Emily Beth (b. 1983), Debra Jennifer (b. 1986) and Ashley Jade (b. 1993). On October 22, 1999, Stern announced their decision to separate. The marriage ended in 2001 with an amicable divorce and settlement. In 2000, Stern began to date model Beth Ostrosky, co-host of ''Casino Cinema'' from 2004 to 2007. She also frequently appeared in the American edition of ''FHM''. On February 14, 2007 Stern announced their engagement. They married on October 3, 2008, at Le Cirque restaurant in New York City.

While attending Boston University, Stern developed an interest in Transcendental Meditation, which he practices to this day. He credits it with aiding him in quitting smoking and achieving his goals in radio. Stern interviewed the late Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of the technique, twice. Stern also plays on the Internet Chess Club, and has taken lessons from chess master Dan Heisman, although he has recently claimed to have quit playing. Howard's latest passion is photography, where he does private shoots for friends and secured his first paid 'gig' shooting a layout for ''Hamptons'' magazine in July 2011. Stern has also shot photographs for ''WHIRL'' magazine and the North Shore Animal League.

Filmography

Films

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1986 | ''Ryder, P.I.'' | Ben Ben Wah - T.V. Commentator | |- | 1997 | ''Private Parts'' | Himself | Blockbuster Entertainment Award for "Favourite Male Newcomer" (1998) Nominated – Golden Raspberry Award for "Worst New Star" (1998)Nominated – Golden Satellite Award for "Best Male Actor Performance in a Comedy or Musical" (1998) |}

Home video releases

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1988 | ''Howard Stern's Negligeé and Underpants Party'' | rowspan="4"| Himself/Host |- | 1989 | ''Howard Stern's U.S. Open Sores'' | |- | 1992 | ''Butt Bongo Fiesta'' | |- | 1994 | ''Howard Stern's New Year's Rotten Eve 1994'' | |}

Television

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1981 | ''Petey Greene's Washington'' | Himself | |- | 1987 | ''Nightlife'' | Himself | |- | 1984–1993 | ''Late Night with David Letterman'' | Himself | Multiple appearances |- | 1987 | ''The Howard Stern Show'' | Himself - Host | Series of 5 pilot episodes that never aired |- | 1988 | ''The New Hollywood Squares'' | Announcer - Guest | |- | 1990–1992 | ''The Howard Stern Show'' | Himself - Host | |- | 1992 | ''1992 MTV Video Music Awards'' | Fartman | |- | 1992–1993 | ''The Howard Stern "Interview"'' | Himself - Host | |- | 1993 | ''The Larry Sanders Show'' | Himself | Season 2, episode 18 |- | 1993 | ''The Jon Stewart Show'' | Himself | Season 1, episode 1 |- | 1994–2005 | ''Howard Stern'' | Himself - Host | |- | 1997 | ''Saturday Night Live'' | Himself | Season 22, episode 14 |- | 1998 | ''The Magic Hour'' | Himself | |- | 1998 | ''The Roseanne Show'' | Himself | Season 1, episode 54 |- | 1998–2001 | ''The Howard Stern Radio Show'' | Himself - Host |- | 2001 | ''The Concert for New York City'' | Himself |- | 2004 | ''Extra'' | Himself | |- | 2005–present | ''Howard Stern On Demand'' | Himself - Host | Known as ''Howard TV'' since March 2006 |- |2011 | ''Piers Morgan Tonight'' | Himself - Guest | Episode 2 |- |2011 | ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'' | Himself - Guest | Season 16, episode 29 |- |2011 | ''The Late Show with David Letterman'' | Himself - Guest | Season 18, episode 3439 |- |2012–present | ''America's Got Talent'' | Himself | New judge, replacing Piers Morgan |}

Discography

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Label ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 1982 | ''50 Ways to Rank Your Mother'' | Wren Records | Re-released as ''Unclean Beaver'' (1994) on Ichiban/Citizen X labels |- | 1991 | ''Crucified By the FCC'' | Infinity Broadcasting | |- | 1997 | ''Private Parts: The Album'' | Warner Brothers | ''Billboard'' 200 Number-one album from March 15–21, 1997 |}

Bibliography

References

Sources

External links

Official Website

''The Howard Stern Show'' on Sirius XM Radio

Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:People from Jackson Heights, Queens Category:Actors from New York City Category:American actor–politicians Category:American actors Category:American comedians Category:American libertarians Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent Category:American radio personalities Category:American talk radio hosts Category:American television personalities Category:American television producers Category:American television talk show hosts Category:American writers Category:Boston University alumni Category:Free speech activists Category:Jewish comedians Category:Jewish comedy and humor Category:Obscenity controversies Category:People from Nassau County, New York Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers Category:Photographers from New York Category:Radio personalities from New York City Category:Reality television judges Category:Religious skeptics Category:Sirius Satellite Radio Category:Transcendental Meditation practitioners

bg:Хауърд Стърн da:Howard Stern de:Howard Stern es:Howard Stern fr:Howard Stern gl:Howard Stern he:הווארד סטרן nl:Howard Stern ja:ハワード・スターン no:Howard Stern pl:Howard Stern pt:Howard Stern ru:Стерн, Говард simple:Howard Stern fi:Howard Stern sv:Howard Stern uk:Говард Стерн

Show name	The Opie & Anthony Show
Format	Talk, Comedy
Runtime	6am to 10am, Monday through Friday
Creator	Gregg HughesAnthony Cumia
(former) executive producer	Steve "The Bear" Carlesi
Starring	Gregg "Opie" HughesAnthony CumiaJim Norton
Opentheme	"The Ecstasy of Gold" by Ennio Morricone "Street Fighting Man" by Rage Against the Machine
Country	United States
First aired	March 28, 1995
Last aired	present
Website	siriusxm.com/thevirus
Home station	The Virus (XM105/Sirius206)
Live video	Audible.com }}

Opie (Gregg Hughes, born May 23, 1965) and Anthony (Anthony Cumia, born April 26, 1961) are the hosts of ''The Opie & Anthony Show'', a talk radio program airing in the United States and Canada on XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio. Since the merger of the two satellite companies, this is now called Sirius/XM. It is co-hosted by stand up comedian Jim Norton. Currently based in New York City, the show was previously on WXRK-FM and WNEW-FM in New York, and prior to that, on WAAF-FM in Boston, Massachusetts.

On April 26, 2006, Opie and Anthony returned to the terrestrial airwaves after a four year absence, replacing CBS Radio's short-lived ''David Lee Roth Show'', which aired mainly on the eastern coast of the United States. The terrestrial portion of the show ran until March 9, 2009. The team was terminated by WXRK-FM when it flipped formats from rock to Top 40.

''The Opie & Anthony Show'' airs weekdays live from 6am through 10am ET exclusively on XM Radio Channel 105 and Sirius Radio Channel 206 "The Virus". Replays are available throughout the day on their XM and Sirius channels.

Background and history

Gregg "Opie" Hughes and Anthony Cumia were raised on Long Island, New York, in Centerport and Elwood respectively. Hughes graduated from SUNY Geneseo and for the next seven years, interned and worked at several western New York radio stations such as 96.5 WCMF in Rochester (where he first worked for Brother Wease) and WUFX in Buffalo. Opie eventually found his way back home to rock station WBAB on his native Long Island after breaking up with Brother Wease. Although not initially doing a talk-show, Hughes did experiment with certain talk elements, including a recurring character named "Spuds Buckley". While earning a living as an HVAC duct worker, Cumia began recording comedy songs with his brother Joe. Cumia also showed considerable skills at doing impressions. In August 1994, Hughes, seeking innovative ideas, received an entry during an O.J. Simpson parody song contest. The song was titled "Gonna Electric Shock OJ" (sung to the tune of Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay") by a local band known as Rotgut, of which Cumia was the lead singer. The song was a hit on Hughes' show, and he invited the Cumia brothers to the studio to play live in September 1994. In December 1994, Cumia also appeared on ''The Howard Stern Show'' during an impression contest in which he imitated Jackie the Jokeman, Beavis and Butt-head, and Sam Kinison. Soon afterward, Hughes and Cumia became a radio team. Hughes' show was called "The Nighttime Attitude" and aired from 8 pm-midnight on WBAB. Shortly after Cumia's arrival, he and Hughes requested that the show be moved to morning or afternoon drive, the two most listened to timeslots in radio. When the station refused, Hughes and Cumia moved the show to afternoon drive on WAAF in Boston, Massachusetts, where they premiered on March 27, 1995 as ''Opie & Anthony (O&A;)''.

WAAF-FM

One of Opie and Anthony's most notable Boston stunts was their giveaway of "100 Grand", which was hyped for weeks. When they finally gave away the prize, the winning caller laid into the duo with biting invective after he realized the repairs he needed to make to his truck would be un-affordable with a 100 Grand candy bar instead of $100,000. Listen to the prank

The duo was fired in April 1998 from WAAF for an April Fool's Day prank involving Mayor Thomas Menino. Opie and Anthony told their listeners that the Mayor had been killed in a car accident. Many believed the story, leading Menino to file a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission, as the FCC prohibits the broadcast of knowingly false information if it causes public harm. WAAF suggested that the duo have pies thrown at them while being held in town square stocks. The idea was summarily dismissed by the mayor's office. Facing a possible license challenge, WAAF fired them, but Opie and Anthony promised that they would return to Boston and get revenge. During the early days of XM Anthony stated that the intent of the April Fool's prank was to allow the duo to be released from their contract with WAAF. He also stated that the duo had been having illegal meetings with WNEW prior to the April Fool's prank. He preceded these comments with "The statutes of limitations must be up on this."

WNEW-FM

In June 1998, O&A; were back on New York station WNEW-FM, where they became a top 10 afternoon drive show in New York by 2000.

In November 2000, sixteen people associated with the show (including comedian Lewis Black and future show member Jim Norton) were arrested during a promotion for "The Voyeur Bus," a mostly glass-sided bus carting naked women through Manhattan with a police escort. The stunt was harshly condemned by Mayor Rudy Giuliani.

O&A; hosted the short-lived "XFL Gameday" – the pregame show for Vince McMahon's startup football league – for four weeks in February 2001. The half-hour show aired nationally on Saturday nights on select NBC affiliates prior to the evening's games. The show was taped on Wednesdays at the WWF's theme restaurant in Times Square, and was open to the public. It featured analysis by WNBC sportscaster Bruce Beck and New York/New Jersey Hitmen head coach Rusty Tillman, but also featured plenty of raunch. One particular segment featured O&A; as chefs, inserting a cucumber in between two melons. O&A; were almost banned from Giants Stadium for life during the filming of one episode when they imitated a proposed XFL rule where first possession was determined by placing the ball at midfield and having two opposing team-members attempt to get it. O&A; did this as God Bless America began to play before a game . They said that the $100,000 cost of making each new show was the cause of its demise, though no official reason was given for its cancellation.

In 2001, O&A; signed a syndication deal with Infinity to syndicate their show on 22 stations nationwide, including WBCN in Boston, longtime rival of WAAF. By this time, show friend Andrew Dice Clay had introduced O&A; to Jim Norton, a comedian who toured with and opened for Clay. Norton was a hit on ''O&A;'' and soon became a regular on the show, appearing three or four days per week.

Sex for Sam

One of O&A;'s stunts was "Sex for Sam", an annual contest where the goal was to have sex in notable public places in New York City. Couples from various states would be selected to be trailed by a comedian or member of the show, who would call the program to report the location. The contest was sponsored by Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams beer, and prizes included trips to Boston concerts sponsored by the beer company. The contest was approved by the station and had no major problems for the first two years.

However, in "Sex for Sam 3", comedian Paul Mecurio encouraged Brian Florence and Loretta Harper, a Virginia couple visiting Manhattan, to have on-air sex in a vestibule at St. Patrick's Cathedral on August 15, 2002. When a security guard ordered Mecurio and the couple to leave the church immediately, Mecurio began to argue with the guard, who then contacted police. The couple was arrested and charged with public lewdness. Intense media scrutiny led to the Catholic League demanding that Opie and Anthony be fired. The Catholic League also threatened to get WNEW's license revoked.

O&A; broadcast the next day, but were ordered not to directly address the incident for legal reasons. The show went into reruns the following week. On August 22, Infinity suspended Opie and Anthony for the duration of their contract, and canceled the show. However, the company continued to pay the duo to stay off the air for the balance of their contract. The Catholic League immediately dropped its bid to have WNEW's license revoked.

The repercussions of the incident were widespread: Infinity was fined a total of $357,500 by the FCC, the maximum amount allowed by law, and the second-largest indecency fine in American radio history. It refused to pay the fine. WNEW's ratings, already dreadful aside from Opie and Anthony, dropped even lower than those of noncommercial stations and never recovered for the rest of the time as a talk station and through most of the rest of its time as WNEW. The station returned to the music format in January 2003, starting with a Top 40 format, then going to an adult contemporary format, and later switching to a classic dance music format before returning to the AC format, at which point the station's call letters were changed to WWFS. Under WWFS, the ratings rebounded to a 3.1 rating, then cooled down to an average of a 2.5 rating. In a bit of irony, Opie and Anthony would make fun of an incident at WNEW in late 2004, in which the program director got drunk, went on air, and confused the call letters with those of WNEW's arch-rival WKTU. Harper pleaded guilty a month later to disorderly conduct and was sentenced to seven days of community service. Her partner, Brian Florence, died of a heart attack on September 25, 2003.

XM Satellite Radio

Opie and Anthony returned to the air on October 4, 2004 exclusively for XM Satellite Radio after two years off the air. Initially, the show was offered to XM subscribers at a premium cost of $1.99 a month, to which they encountered some resistance. In April 2005, "High Voltage" became part of the basic XM subscription. There are no numbers available with respect to the number of premium subscribers. Hughes gave some indication, however, when he told the Long Island press in 2006, "We went from having a show that was syndicated in 17 major markets to having a few thousand," which did not help to remove the discrepancy.

On April 17, 2006, DirecTV ceased airing the High Voltage channel on their satellite TV service, citing subscriber requests for more music channels and fewer talk and sports channels. However, less than a week elapsed before inside sources announced that, due to overwhelming audience demands that O&A; return to DirecTV, the channel would be restored on April 26, 2006.

Opie & Anthony frequently mentioned on the air that they always hated the title "High Voltage", which was selected by one of the company lawyers. They had been trying to change the name but were unsuccessful for the first 2 years, until Eric Logan announced on their October 4, 2006 broadcast that High Voltage would be renamed "The Virus" on November 20, 2006, pursuant to the demands of hardcore O&A; fans known as "The Pests".

A major part of the XM show was the "Assault on the Media", led by "The Pests" to give the show additional exposure. On May 19, 2005, show intern Nathaniel showed up behind Arthur Chi'en of WCBS-TV. The disruption caused Chi'en to shout "What the fuck is your problem, man?" while the cameras were still rolling. Chi'en was fired a few hours later. (The situation brought the show nationwide press.)

On May 15, 2007, XM suspended Opie & Anthony for 30 days, in response to a broadcast featuring a homeless and deranged man who wandered into the studio. Opie and Anthony dubbed the man "Homeless Charlie", who mentioned the possibility of raping Condoleezza Rice and Laura Bush. Charlie spoke wildly for nearly twenty minutes, commenting on a wide variety of news topics. A blogger posted a ten second excerpt of the discussion, which was later posted to ''The Drudge Report'' with no context given to the audio. Commentary on the incident was especially incendiary from Bill O'Reilly, who called the situation "the worst I have ever seen." (O'Reilly once had the radio duo on his show.) CBS (terrestrial) radio continued to air the show from 6:00 am–9:00 am Eastern time, and had a decidedly more subdued sound, due to greater scrutiny.

Fans reacted to the news of the suspension by canceling their XM Radio subscriptions, with some fans even going as far as smashing their XM units. XM did offer a free month of service to subscribers who called in complaints of the suspension. Moreover, some sponsors pulled their advertising off XM in protest of the suspension.

The radio duo's month-long suspension from XM ended on June 15, 2007, when they returned to XM's airwaves. Shortly after the suspension, Opie closed on a $3.35 million apartment in Trump Place owned by Donald Trump.

Return to broadcast radio 2006-2011

On July 17, 2006, Opie and Anthony signed a deal with CBS Broadcasting in which the first three hours of the show would be broadcast on nine of Citadel's rock stations.

After an 18-month run on XM, ''The Opie & Anthony Show'' began simulcasting on XM Radio and various terrestrial radio stations from 6 am to 9 am EST. From 9 am to 11 am (and on some days until noon), the show was broadcast exclusively on XM Radio. XM listeners were able to hear the show uncensored for the entire show (except when the main feed is "self-censored" by the hosts). During the 6-9 slot, the FM-only listeners would hear a Federal Communications Commission-compliant version of the show. In Philadelphia, O&A; achieved a threefold increase in the month of May over David Lee Roth's April ratings in the age 18–34 demographic. In Boston, O&A; doubled the the number of all age demographics and achieved an even greater increase in younger listeners. According to the winter 07 arbitron ratings, O&A; doubled Roth's ratings with their target demographic of 18 to 34-year-olds. But the improvement merely amounted to an increase of 2% to about 4% of the audience-- a third of Stern's old numbers in New York City. Following the Summer 07 Arbitron ratings, O&A;'s 18- to 34-year-olds ratings slipped, while their morning drive rating in NYC of 2.1 left them only ahead of sports based WFAN network in the morning. In the spring 2008 under the new Portable people meter ratings system, Opie and Anthony again failed to crack the top ten in morning drive, and their flagship station WXRK ranked 20th out of 24 stations in overall ratings and out of the top ten in the coveted 25-54 demographic.

Rockstar Games gave the cast and crew of the show voice roles in the PlayStation Portable game ''Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories'', including Club Soda Kenny as the voice of Derek the Dodo. The only exception was Jim Norton, since he had a voice role in previous Rockstar game, ''Bully''.

On October 23, 2007, WYSP in Philadelphia cut Opie and Anthony from their lineup in favor of the rock music format, to which the station had changed in September.

During the summer of 2008, the show featured a romance between Anthony Cumia and Jill Nicolini. Nicolini, a model/actress who currently does traffic for a local New York TV station, and Cumia were often photographed together at various events. A regular running bit on the show focused on the authenticity of this May–December romance. While many initially doubted the beautiful Nicolini would actually date Cumia, the relationship appeared to blossom over time, until it ended disastrously in August 2008.

In 2008, as part of Rockstar Games' newest addition to the '' Grand Theft Auto'' series, Cumia performed the viral "Pißwasser" (or "Piss Water") commercial for ''Grand Theft Auto IV'', as a parody to Budweiser's "King of Beers" campaign. It was later performed by Cumia on the ''Opie and Anthony Show''. Other members of the show's cast appear as characters in ''GTA IV''.

During their tenure at K-Rock, almost all of O&A;'s affiliates (many of which were in major markets) systematically dropped the show, primarily due to declining ratings. By November 30, 2008, Opie and Anthony remained in only three major cities – New York, Boston and Cleveland. The following day, however, WBCN in Boston dropped them in favor of their local Toucher & Rich show, while WKRK switched to a jockless alternative rock format.

On March 9, 2009, Opie & Anthony were heard on WXRK for the last time, and spent much of the time discussing the impending format change, and how their services were "no longer needed" at the station. Their executive producer for the FM portion, Michael "Stuntbrain" Opelka, was fired the following day.

As of October 1, 2010, the Opie and Anthony show renewed their contract with Sirius/XM satellite radio for 2 years. The two occasionally mention that they will not renew their contract after the current contract expires, citing their disgust with the poor way they are often treated by Sirius management as the primary reason.

Run-ins with the FCC

The Federal Communications Commission has twice fined O&A; for broadcasting material deemed in violation of decency standards. The first fine involved several November 2000 – January 2001 airings of a jingle produced by Dru Boogie, a DJ/producer who regularly produces content for the show. The $21,000 fine also involved a segment of "Guess What's in My Pants", as well as a song titled, "I'm Horny for Little Girls". O&A;'s second FCC violation – the "Sex for Sam" broadcast – set a precedent for being the first time that a fine was issued to each individual station airing the alleged indecent material. The total was $357,500; $27,500 against each of the thirteen CBS Radio/Infinity-owned stations that broadcast the show. Infinity appealed both fines, after which its parent company Viacom made a $3.5 million settlement which canceled all pending indecency violations. The show has not been in trouble with the FCC since that time.

Program content

Opie and Anthony often comment on American sociopolitical and popular culture. Their "cringe" style of entertainment sometimes leads people to categorize them as "shock jocks". Hughes, Cumia and Norton broadcast for approximately four hours per day. Generally speaking, Opie sets the daily flow of the show and introduces topics, while Cumia and Norton provide color commentary. The show has few limits, and covers a wide array of topics interactively, with a great deal of time devoted to callers, and sound bites sent in by listeners. Some of the more hardcore O&A; fans, nicknamed "Pests", have been known to go to extreme grassroots efforts to promote the show.

Friends and regular guests on the show include Adam Ferrara, Jim Jeffries, Joe DeRosa, Louis C.K., (who famously asked Donald Rumsfeld if he was a Mexican baby eating space lizard) Bill Burr, Larry Hennig, Joe Derosa, Patrice O'Neal, Brian Regan, Robert Kelly, Otto & George, Bob Saget, Rich Vos, Colin Quinn, and Nick DiPaolo all of whom have substituted for Norton when he has left New York to pursue his stand-up comedy and acting. Frequent guests include Doug Stanhope, Stephen Lynch, Joe Rogan, Lazlow Jones, Jay Mohr, Kevin Smith and Mike Birbiglia. Host Anthony Cumia does impressions of various personalities such as Charlton Heston, Don West, Sylvester Stallone, Fred Flintstone, Bill Cosby, Ben Stein, Richard Nixon, Sam Kinison, Andrew Dice Clay, Tom Brokaw, Ronald Reagan, Mike Tyson, Tony Boselli, Tony Danza, Christopher Reeve, Ted Knight, Robert Reed, Regis Philbin, Vince McMahon (dubbed "Angry Vince" for the consistently violent tone of Anthony's voice in channeling McMahon's wrestling persona), Neil Diamond, Robin Williams, Winnie the Pooh, Popeye the Sailor, Don Imus, Marty McFly and The Greaseman. O&A;'s style and jokes typically target males in the 18-49 demographic.

The songs played at the beginning the O&A; show are Ennio Morricone's "The Ecstasy of Gold" from ''The Good, The Bad and The Ugly'' followed by Rage Against the Machine's song "Street Fighting Man", a cover of the Rolling Stones' song of the same name.

Film references

O&A;'s show features many inside jokes that a new listener may not immediately understand. There are many references to films, ''The Shining'' was once one of the most prominent. Other referenced films include ''Fargo'', ''The Silence of the Lambs'', ''The Accused'', ''Predator'', ''Boogie Nights'', ''American Psycho'', '' Blazing Saddles'', ''Fast Times At Ridgemont High'', ''Apocalypse Now'', ''Bad Lieutenant'', '' Ed Wood'', ''Jaws'', '' Platoon'', ''A Clockwork Orange'', ''Full Metal Jacket'', ''Death Wish'', ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'', ''Schindler's List'', ''Caddyshack'', ''The Godfather'', ''My Baby is Black'', ''Mondo Topless'', ''The Shawshank Redemption'', ''Back to The Future'', ''Sling Blade'', ''Office Space'', Caligula and anything starring Robert De Niro (most notably ''The King of Comedy'').

Staff

Travis Tefft, ''Executive Producer'' – (aka T-Storm) – Former intern who became a regular staff member. Travis typically acts as the phone screener as well as providing minute-to-minute research. He is currently the acting 'Executive Producer'. Tefft was briefly suspended from the show for kicking former intern "Blind Stevie" in the crotch.

Erik Nagel, ''Senior Producer'' – (aka ''Erock'') – Hired from Day 1 of the show coming to XM Radio. Co-Hosts 'Worst Of The Week Countdown' and the 'Worst-Of' shows with Sam Roberts. Erik is often a target of ridicule on the show, and does a character on the show called 'The Virus' which stemmed from the annual Jocktober bit.

Danny Ross, ''Senior Producer'' (aka Big Doodies) – Former intern who became a regular staff member. Danny originally started as a writer for former Executive Producer Steve Carlisi's web site, foundrymusic.com. Carlesi brought him on board as an intern. He is responsible for the show's daily content and has been the in-studio producer since 2008.

Derek Blair, ''Production Director'' – (aka ''D-Boi'') – Former intern who became a regular staff member. Derek does not appear on the show to the same extent as the rest of the staff, as his primary responsibilities include show production i.e. sweepers, promos and intros.

Sam Roberts, ''Associate Producer'' – (aka Prime Time Sam Roberts) – Former intern who became a regular staff member. Co-Hosts 'Worst Of The Week Countdown' and the 'Worst-Of' shows with Erock on weekends. He currently hosts 'After O&A; Live', which airs from 10am to 11am on The Virus following the live show. Sam is very involved in screening radio shows for Jocktober, and contributes regularly on-air when the subjects of professional wrestling and ''Scorch's PFG TV'' (a public access TV show, hosted by a former radio colleague of O&A;'s) come up. He now hosts 'After Opie & Anthony Live' and 'Special Delivery' with East Side Dave, a former member of The Ron and Fez Show.

John Feder, ''Security'' – (aka Club Soda Kenny) – A 22-year retiree of the West Orange, New Jersey Police Department, Kenny met O&A; while working for Andrew Dice Clay. He was a part-time member of O&A;'s security staff since the summer of 2004, and joined O&A; full-time in 2006 following his fully-reinstated retirement. He is often ridiculed for his "oafish" demeanor.

Callers who became frequent guests

Pat from Moonachie (Patrick Philbin) – A 44-year old, 340-pound self-employed courier with 9 toes (due to diabetes), who became a friend after winning O&A;'s first annual Eggnog Drinking Contest. Philbin consumed 71 double shots of eggnog and subsequently vomited. He is a competitive eater, ranked 19th in the world by the I.F.O.C.E and placed 10th in Nathan's Fourth of July Hot Dog Eating Contest. The "Baby Bird" video which came about from the 2006 Eggnog Drinking Challenge earned him infamy and caused him to be barred from the I.F.O.C.E for his "effluvic interchange." Philbin's banishment was rescinded and he was eventually re-instated on December 6, 2006.

Big A (Andrew Gold) A Bronx cab driver with a speech impediment. (He has a severe stutter, especially when pronouncing words that begin with the "st" sound). Co-host of the 'Big A & Twitchels News Cast' segment. Recently, he has co-hosted the segment with show regular Bobo.

Tom – Tom was discovered after they took a call from "an elvish sounding man". He is now the focus of "Is Tom alive? Friday", as Tom has a fatal lung disease, was kicked out of his apartment, and has had a broken back and lesioned spinal column; he was told by his doctor that he is now likely in his last year of life, however Tom has repeatedly claimed he will commit suicide to avoid the pain accompanying his passing. On June 12 of 2008 Tom called into the show to thank Opie and Anthony for the show and planned to kill himself. After talking with Tom, Opie, Anthony and Jim convinced him to unload his weapons and come on the show the following day. As of January 26, 2010, Tom is still alive and in better health.

Characters

Paul Harghhis/Hahrrgis – (AKA Uncle Paul) A character voiced by Jim Norton. Uncle Paul is a child molester with a creepy voice. Norton need only utter "huh?" in the voice to bring the character into a conversation, particularly one involving young children. Paul does not seem embarrassed by or even understand that his antics are inappropriate. He has recently demonstrated a hostile streak, as he yells at call-in guests or about "those goddamn meddling parents." Hahrrgis, along with Ted Scheckler were referenced in "The Substitute", the fourth episode of the sixth season of ''Lost''. In the episode, a series of surnames associated with certain numbers were featured. Hargghis's number was 202, the XM channel number where the show can be heard.

Steve from Yellowstone – (AKA Ben from Boston, Danny from W-Town, Jimmy from New Jersey, Erik from Breathtown, Po from Jersey, etc.) Fake characters that are voiced by Norton, occasionally used to mock bad guests on the phone or in-studio.

Ted Sheckler – A character voiced by Jim Norton. Ted is an entrepreneur, said to own many odd boutique emporiums. He often recommends callers to purchase specific items at his emporiums. He also enjoys a variety of activities such as ghost hunting, light bulb manufacturing, race car driving, and serial killing by blowing second-hand smoke into crowds. The Sheckler character, along with Paul Hargghis were referenced in "The Substitute", the fourth episode of the sixth season of ''Lost''. A series of surnames associated with certain numbers were featured in the episode. Sheckler's number was 197, the Sirius channel number where the show can be heard.

Lyle Delmar "Chip" Chipperson - Is a character voiced by Jim Norton known for his horrendous jokes. He has recently changed his name to Jerry Sherbert in order to make it in Hollywood.

Helen Bergeron – A character voiced by Jim Norton. Helen is an older Jewish woman who enjoys gossiping about celebrities and popular culture. She would be characterized as a "yenta". She usually says, "Helen Bergeron, signing off" when finished speaking.

Edgar Mellencamp -Another character voiced by Norton, created primarily to antagonize Norton's girlfriend. Edgar is known for his perpetually dry teeth, which he likes to have licked.

The Virus – A character reluctantly voiced by "E-Rock". The character was "born" when Sam told a clueless but compliant E-rock to perform the character on the air. Virus is asked for comedic takes on daily events, but cannot come up with a punchline or any relevant material. When asked to say something amusing, there is merely a pregnant pause followed by a lame excuse, such as "You know I'm not good at this" or "The Virus is totally unprepared." Whenever he makes an appearance, the song "Baby Elephant Walk" is played.

Bill Tetley - A fictional variety show host created by Jim Norton. (Jim uses the character to harass Anthony at home).

Other enterprises

Demented World

A CD released in November 1997 which includes a compilation of bits done on WAAF.

Cherry Darts http://www.cherrydarts.com/ Cherry Darts is based off the popular Opie & Anthony show from XM Radio. Cherry Darts is a friendly game of accuracy and skill. The object of the game is to land the whipped-cream covered cherry on or closest to the bullseye, of a girl or girls who are bent over.

The Opie & Anthony Traveling Virus

The Traveling Virus is a comedy tour headlined by Opie and Anthony, as well as friends of the show, that began in 2006. In its first year, it spanned several locations in the eastern United States during the summer. In 2007, it visited 10 cities through the spring and summer. It was an event they had discussed for many years, but were never able to bring it to fruition until they made their latest deal with CBS radio.

The 2008 Traveling Virus Tour was canceled in favor of one show, held at the PNC Bank Arts Center in Holmdel, New Jersey on August 2, 2008. On the morning of Monday, August 4, 2008, Opie stated that the August 2nd show in New Jersey would be "the last Traveling Virus show ever", due to the crowd consistently booing new comedians off the stage, causing established comedians to refuse to appear at the venue

Search and Destroy

On the morning of March 26, 2008, Opie & Anthony revealed they had taped a pilot for Comedy Central. The show is titled ''Search & Destroy'' and features teams of comedians performing various tasks throughout New York City. Opie and Anthony believe that it may have been too graphic even for cable television. Although Opie and Anthony considered the pilot a success, Comedy Central did not pick the show up.

Controversies

April Fool's Day: On April 1, 1998, while still on WAAF in Worcester, O&A; announced that the mayor of Boston, Thomas Menino, had been killed in a car accident in Florida. Things became heated after Menino's daughter called the station believing the story to be true, and the duo was terminated the following week. During the early days of XM, Anthony stated that the intent of the April Fool's prank was to allow the duo to be released from their contract with WAAF. He also stated that the duo had illegal meetings with WNEW before the April Fool's prank. He prefaced these comments with "the statutes of limitations must be up on this." Despite the controversy that was started by the April Fool's Day prank, the duo was hired by WNEW-FM in New York City less than five months later.

W.O.W.: During their WAAF years, O&A; established "Whip 'em Out Wednesdays," which encouraged women to flash their breasts to anyone with a "W.O.W." sign. Consequently, it was common around Massachusetts to see cars with W.O.W. stickers, signs and even painted lettering. The campaign came to an end on WAAF in the summer of 1997, when the station forced the duo to discontinue the stunt and suspended the show for three weeks. W.O.W. has since been reintroduced to the show; W.O.W. stickers and signs are more common in O&A;'s biggest markets: New York and Boston. The campaign gained notoriety when a woman flashed the famous crowd fly-by camera during a broadcast of ''The Today Show''. They are less visible in other markets, such as San Francisco, as they are more reluctant to back the W.O.W. promotion.

Voyeur Bus: Fifteen participants in the show's "Voyeur Bus", including the driver, six dancers, and eight associates of the show, were arrested for disorderly conduct. The dancers had performed topless, fully visible through the vehicle's large transparent windows, which was driven along busy Manhattan streets. Charges against the eight associates were later dropped. New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani described the publicity stunt as "stupid."

Homeless Shopping Spree: In late 1999, shortly before Christmas, O&A; held the first "Homeless Shopping Spree", which has since become an annual event. The bit involves a dozen of New York's homeless, who are each given several hundred dollars by the show and much more by the fans, and are taken to a posh shopping mall, most notably the Mall at Short Hills in Short Hills, New Jersey. They are allowed to buy whatever they want, including warm clothes and other items they could not normally afford, while being cheered on by the thousands of listeners who show up. In the 1999 Spree, the mall reacted by closing several of the nicer stores and eventually have the twelve homeless men removed from the mall by security. Boston mayor Thomas Menino expressed outrage at the event, declaring that the Homeless Shopping Spree degraded and humiliated the contestants, and that it was immoral to hold such an event on the same day the city was to do a census count of the homeless townspeople. The event was repeated at the same mall on December 16, 2006.

"100 Grand": Early in the team's radio career, O&A; announced a contest at WAAF in which the 107th caller would receive "100 Grand". They continued this bit throughout the show, careful not to say "$100,000", only "100 Grand". The 107th caller was ecstatic, believing that he had actually won $100,000, and exclaimed that he was planning to buy a new truck with his good fortune. He became furious when Opie informed him that the prize was merely a 100 Grand candy bar, and proceeded to curse loudly on the air, famously calling the duo "a bunch of douche bags."

T&A; with O&A;: Opie and Anthony held a station-promoted beach party on the shores of Angola, NY (a suburb of the city of Buffalo) on Saturday July 13, 2002; they claimed 5,000 persons were in attendance. Several female attendees appeared nude or topless, and at least one inserted vegetables into various orifices. Buffalo officials quickly dispersed the crowd, warning O&A; and crew not to return, lest they endure legal action. Additionally, FCC complaints were filed despite the event not being broadcast on any medium. Furthermore, reminiscing about the event on their July 25, 2011 show, Opie claimed that shortly after the event took place, management at WNEW informed the duo off-air that police in Erie County (who received over 250 complaints from area residents) had begun the process of securing warrants for their arrest over the incident. The aftermath went unrealized, as it was overshadowed by the more serious "Sex For Sam 3" incident roughly a month later.

The Eggnog Drinking Challenge: An annual challenge where contestants have to drink as many shots of eggnog as possible before vomiting. On December 1, 2006, during the Challenge, Pat from Moonachie drank 75 double-shots of eggnog and subsequently vomited all over prospective intern Pat Duffy's mouth. This has been dubbed the "Baby Bird" (Joe Rogan), and became a hit on both the O&A; website as well as Break.com due to Youtube's initial refusal to carry the video.

Condoleezza Rice, Laura Bush & Queen Elizabeth II: A homeless man (Homeless Charlie) making a guest appearance on the XM version of the show described how he would like to have sex with the United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, First Lady Laura Bush, also calling Queen Elizabeth II "horse-faced", an act which the hosts joked could only happen through force. In the wake of the Don Imus firing, there has been speculation that O&A; may be fired following that segment that aired on their program May 9, 2007. On their Friday show, Opie and Anthony apologized for the bit by begrudgingly saying, "We apologize to the public officials for comments that were made on our XM show on May 9. We take very seriously the responsibility that comes with our creative freedom and regret any offense that this segment has caused." On May 15, 2007, XM suspended Opie and Anthony for 30 days.

Donald Trump made a handful of calls to the show to promote his television series ''The Apprentice'', and it appeared that relations between the radio show and Donald Trump were positive. However, Trump was later interviewed and called Opie and Anthony "two slobs" and swore never to appear on the show again, seemingly over a press release made by O&A; that stated that Trump called them. Trump interpreted that statement as implying that he was desperate for media attention. Trump was supposed to call the show on January 10, 2008, but did not.

Weinergate Photo Release During his June 8th, 2011 appearance, Andrew Breitbart showed Opie and Anthony a picture of Anthony Weiner's erect penis. A listener forwarded them a screenshot captured from their live Paltalk video feed, and Opie posted it on Twitter. Andrew Breitbart was very upset at what transpired. Opie had also taken a picture of the photo during the showing without the knowledge of Breitbart.

Stations

The O&A; Show can now be heard on Sirius XM Radio, live from 6 AM – 11 AM Eastern (the show regularly runs live until 10 AM and runs "After Opie & Anthony Live" (hosted by Sam Roberts) until 11) on XM channel 105, The Virus or on Sirius channel 206.

Show rundowns / recaps

Shows from October 2004-February 2006 Written by Mellinda

Shows from June 2006-October/November 2006 Written by Happytypingirl

Shows from October/November 2006-Mid 2008 Written by Struff

Current Shows Written by Struff

O&A; show rundowns (on KROCK) by Steven S from Bayshore; were lost following the K-Rock format change

See also

The Virus (XM)

References

External links

;Official Sites

XM Satellite Radio (XM 202 "The Virus" – The Virus Homepage)

OA Pedia An Opie and Anthony Encyclopedia

Category:American talk radio hosts Category:American comedy radio programs Category:Duos Category:Viral marketing Category:Radio programs on XM Radio Category:Living people