The Western Hemisphere shown in yellow.

The Western hemisphere.

The Western Hemisphere^[1] or western hemisphere^[2] is mainly used as a geographical term^{[citation needed]} for the half of the Earth that lies west of the IERS Reference Meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the Antimeridian (the International Date Line), the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.^[3]

In this sense, the Western Hemisphere consists of the North America, South America, the western portions of Africa and Europe, the extreme eastern tip of Russia, numerous territories in Oceania, and a portion of Antarctica, while excluding some of the Aleutian Islands to the southwest of the Alaskan mainland.

The term is, however, often used in political rhetoric to mean only North America and South America (or the New World) and adjacent islands, however, the Western Hemsiphere does technically include all of the above mentioned territory.

In an effort to define the Western Hemisphere as the parts of the world which are not part of the Old World, there also exist projections which use the 20th meridian west and the diametrically opposed 160th meridian east to define the hemisphere.^[4][5] This projection excludes the European and African mainlands and a small portion of northeast Greenland, but includes more of eastern Russia and Oceania (e.g., New Zealand).

The population of the geographical Western Hemisphere exceeds 1 billion.

Countries in both hemispheres[link]

Below is a list of the countries which are in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres on the IERS Reference Meridian, in order from north to south:

• United Kingdom
• Netherlands (because of the islands Saba, Bonaire and St. Eustatius; they lie in the Antilles. The "continental" Netherlands lies entirely on the eastern hemisphere.)
• France
• Spain
• Algeria
• Mali
• Burkina Faso
• Togo

Below is a list of the countries which are in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres along the 180th meridian, in order from north to south:

• Russia
• United States
• Kiribati
• Tuvalu
• Wallis and Futuna (France)

Nations in the Western Hemisphere but not in America[link]

The following nations lie outside America yet are in part or entirely within the Western Hemisphere.

• Algeria
• American Samoa (United States)
• Burkina Faso
• Cape Verde
• Cook Islands (New Zealand)
• Faroe Islands (Denmark)
• Fiji
• France (Metropolitan area)
  • French Polynesia
  • Wallis and Futuna
• Gambia
• Ghana
• Greenland (Denmark) (note: geographically a part of North-America, but politically a part of Europe^[6][7])
• Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Iceland
• Ireland
• Ivory Coast
• Kiribati
• Liberia
• Mali
• Mauritania
• Morocco
  • Western Sahara
• Niue (New Zealand)
• Portugal
• Samoa
• Senegal
• Sierra Leone
• Spain
• Togo
• Tokelau (New Zealand)
• Tonga
• Tuvalu
• United Kingdom
  • Gibraltar
  • Guernsey
  • Isle of Man
  • Jersey
  • Pitcairn Islands
  • Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

Sources[link]

Coordinates: 0°N 90°W / 0°N 90°W / 0; -90

v t e Hemispheres of the Earth Northern Hemisphere • Southern Hemisphere • Eastern Hemisphere • Western Hemisphere • Land hemisphere • Water hemisphere Book:Hemispheres of the Earth · Portal:Geography · Commons:Maps of Earth's hemispheres

Gael García Bernal
Born	(1978-11-30) November 30, 1978 (age 33) Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1989–present
Spouse	Dolores Fonzi (2009-present)
Website
Gael Garcia Bernal

Gael García Bernal (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡaˈel ɣarˈsi.a βerˈnal]; born November 30, 1978) is a Mexican film actor and director.

Early life[link]

García Bernal was born in Guadalajara, Mexico, the son of Patricia Bernal, an actress and former model, and José Ángel García, an actor and director.^[1] His stepfather is Sergio Yazbek, whom his mother married when García Bernal was young.^[2] He started acting at just a year old and spent most of his teen years starring in telenovelas. Gael studied the International Baccalaureate, with chemistry being his favorite subject.^{[citation needed]} When he was fourteen, he taught indigenous peoples in Mexico to read, often working with the Huichol Indians.^[3] In his later teens, he took part in peaceful demonstrations during the Chiapas uprising of 1994.^[4]

Career[link]

García Bernal was becoming a soap opera heartthrob, but at age of 19, he left Mexico's television world to study acting at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London, becoming the first person from Mexico to be accepted into the program. In the brief period beforehand, he had begun to study philosophy at UNAM, Mexico's national university, before a strike closed the college and he then left for London. Describing his time in London as 'life forming', he considered acting merely an 'odd job profession' until the Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu offered him a part in Amores Perros. Subsequently, García Bernal starred in some of Mexico's most celebrated recent films, including 2001's Y tu mamá también, and El crimen del Padre Amaro (2002). He has also done some theatre work, including a 2005 production of Bodas de Sangre, by Federico García Lorca, in the Almeida Theatre in London. His debut as a working-class dreamer in the Oscar-nominated Amores Perros, however, was what first grabbed Hollywood's attention.

García Bernal also portrayed Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara twice, first in the 2002 TV miniseries Fidel and then, better known, in 2004's The Motorcycle Diaries, an adaptation of a journal a 23-year-old Guevara wrote about his travels across South America. García Bernal has worked for acclaimed directors including Pedro Almodóvar, Walter Salles, Alfonso Cuarón, Alejandro González Iñárritu and Michel Gondry, among others. He recently took on roles in English language films, including the Gondry-directed The Science of Sleep, the Alejandro González Iñárritu-directed Babel, and The King, for which he earned rave reviews.^[5] He has been nominated for a BAFTA in 2005 for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role for The Motorcycle Diaries and, in 2006, was nominated for the Orange Rising Star award which acknowledges new talents in the acting industry.

García Bernal also directed his first feature film, Déficit, which was released in 2007.^[6][7] García Bernal is also featured on the 2007 Devendra Banhart album Smokey Rolls Down Thunder Canyon, contributing vocals on the first track entitled "Cristobal." Bernal was cast for the 2008 film Blindness, an adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by José Saramago about a society suffering an epidemic of blindness. Like in the novel, the characters have only descriptions, no names or histories; while director Fernando Meirelles said some actors were intimidated by the concept of playing such characters, "With Gael, he said, 'I never think about the past. I just think what my character wants.'"^[8]

Recently, García Bernal starred in Rudo y Cursi with Diego Luna, directed by Carlos Cuarón.

Garcia Bernal and Diego Luna own Canana Productions. The company recently joined with Golden Phoenix Productions owned by Producer Tom Golden of Hot Springs, Arkansas, to jointly produce a number of television documentaries about the unsolved murders of more than 300 women in the border city of Ciudad Juarez, across from El Paso, Texas.

In May 2010, García Bernal did a cameo appearance as himself, playing Cristiano Ronaldo in Ronaldo: The Movie for Nike advertisement "Write The Future".

In 2010, he co-directed with Marc Siver four short films in collaboration with Amnesty International. This tetralogy is called "Los Invisibles" about migrants from Central America in Mexico, their journey, the violence imposed, their hopes and what they can contribute to Mexico, the US and the World. He directed the movie, did the interviews and also is the narrator of this four short movies that can be freely seen on the Amnesty website or on YouTube.^{[citation needed]}

Garcia Bernal narrated Human Planet for Hispanic audiences, which premiered on Discovery en Español on April 25, 2011 and aired on Discovery Channel in Latin America on May 12.^[9] For the third time Gael reunites with fellow friend Diego Luna, this time in the American Spanish-language comedy film Casa de Mi Padre opposite Will Ferrell where he plays a feared drug lord.^[10] Gael's next few projects include starring with Robert De Niro and Usher in Hands of Stone, and alongside Daniel Day Lewis in Martin Scorsese's Silence.^[11]

20th Century Fox are working on a reboot Zorro film called Zorro Reborn with Gael Garcia Bernal in the title role with a script by Glen Gers, Lee Shipman, and Brian McGeevy.^[12]

Personal life[link]

Garcia Bernal in 2005

He was raised by his mother and stepfather, the photographer Sergio Yazbek. García Bernal studied at The Edron Academy in Mexico City. García Bernal's parents participated in an annual clown competition which inspired García Bernal as a young child to become the actor he is today.

García Bernal is "culturally Catholic" and "spiritually agnostic".^[13] He speaks fluent Spanish and English; and Portuguese, French and Italian to some degree.

Gael García Bernal has been with his wife, Argentinian actress Dolores Fonzi, since 2008. They met on the set of "Vidas privadas", in 2001 and married in 2009. On Thursday January 8, 2009, his son Lázaro was born in Madrid, Spain.^[14][15] Their daughter Libertad was born on April 4, 2011 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.^[16]

Gael García Bernal helped to create the organization and film festival Ambulante A.C.^[17] which works to bring documentary films to places where they are rarely shown, and helped to create the Amnesty International Short Documentary Series Los Invisibles^[18]. For this work, he was awarded the Washington Office on Latin America's prestigious Human Rights Award in 2011 ^[19]

Roles in Academy Award-nominated films[link]

Gael García Bernal has been in six Oscar-nominated films:

• De tripas, corazon - (Best Live-Action Short Film)
• Amores Perros - (Best Foreign Language Film, Mexico)
• El Crimen del Padre Amaro - (Best Foreign Language Film, Mexico)
• Y Tu Mamá También - (Best Original Screenplay)
• The Motorcycle Diaries - (Best Song, Best Adapted Screenplay)
• Babel - (Best Picture, Best Director, Best S. Actress (2), Best Original Screenplay, Best Editing, Best Score)

García Bernal in 2005

Filmography[link]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gael García Bernal

External links[link]

• Gael García Bernal on Twitter (Spanish)
• Gael García Bernal at the Internet Movie Database
• El ojo en la nuca - (Short film on YouTube)
• Gael Garcia Bernal interview for Rudo & Cursi By Alastair Smart, Telegraph, July 8, 2009

Diego Luna
Luna at the Deauville American Films Festival, 2010
Born	Diego Luna Alexander (1979-12-29) December 29, 1979 (age 32) Mexico City, Mexico
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1982–present
Spouse	Camila Sodi (m. 2008) «start: (2008)»"Marriage: Camila Sodi to Diego Luna" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Diego_Luna)

Diego Luna (born December 29, 1979) is a Mexican actor known for his childhood telenovela work, a starring role in the film Y tu mamá también, and supporting roles in American films. He is also known for his roles in Rudo y Cursi and Milk. Together with Romola Garai, he starred the film Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights. Luna also had minor roles in Frida and Before Night Falls. He also provides Spanish language narration for the National Geographic Channel documentary Great Migrations.

Personal life[link]

Luna was born Diego Luna Alexander in Mexico City; the son of Fiona Alexander, an English costume designer,^[1] and Alejandro Luna, a Mexican set designer^[2] who is one of the most acclaimed living theatre, cinema, and opera set designers in Mexico. His mother died in a car accident when he was two years old.^[3] She had worked in the film industry and had made sure that this was a life Luna would be immersed in. His father also reinforced the importance of theater and the arts in his life. In Luna's youth, he would bring him to the sets and mentor him in all different aspects of his art, furthering his desire to become an actor and uphold a family tradition.

Luna wed Mexican actress Camila Sodi on February 5, 2008 and their son Jerónimo was born in Los Angeles on August 9, 2008.^[4] They welcomed daughter Fiona, named after Luna's late mother, on July 1, 2010 in Mexico City.^[5]

Luna co-founded the organization and film festival Ambulante A.C.^[6] along with his friend Gael Garcia Bernal. The organization works to bring documentary films to places where they are rarely shown. Ambulante was awarded the Washington Office on Latin America's prestigious Human Rights Award in 2011^[7].

Career[link]

Luna at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival.

From an early age, Luna began acting in television, film, and theatre. His first television role was in the 1991 movie El Último Fin de Año. His next role was in the telenovela El Abuelo y Yo (1992) alongside his childhood best friend, Gael García Bernal, in 1995 he played the role of Laura León' troubled son Quique in the Mexican soap opera El premio mayor. Luna had his big break in 2001 when he was cast in the critically acclaimed Y tu mamá también , once again alongside García Bernal.

He is currently making a name for himself in the United States market, having starred alongside Bon Jovi in Vampires: Los Muertos (2002) and the Academy Award-winning Frida (2002). He was also in the western Open Range, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, The Terminal, and Criminal. In 2008, he appeared in the Harvey Milk biopic Milk playing Milk's emotionally unstable lover Jack Lira.

Luna and Gael García Bernal own Canana Productions. The company recently joined with Golden Phoenix Productions owned by producer Tom Golden of Hot Springs, Arkansas, to jointly produce a number of television documentaries about the unsolved murders of more than 300 women in the border city of Ciudad Juárez.^{[citation needed]} For the fourth time Luna reunites with fellow friend Gael García Bernal, this time in the American Spanish-language comedy film Casa de Mi Padre opposite Will Ferrell.^[8] In 2011, Luna played the male lead in Katy Perry's music video, The One That Got Away.^[9]

Filmography[link]

Director[link]

• Abel (2010)
• J.C. Chávez (2007)

Films[link]

• Elysium (2013)
• Casa de Mi Padre (2012)
• Contraband (2012)
• In the Playground (2010)
• Sólo quiero caminar (2009)
• Milk (2008)
• Rudo y Cursi (2008)
• Mister Lonely (2007)
• El Búfalo de la Noche (2007)
• JC Chávez (directorial debut, 2007)
• Toto (2006)
• Fade to Black (2006)
• Sólo Dios Sabe (2005)
• Amapola (2005)
• Criminal (2004)
• The Terminal (2004)
• Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004)
• Nicotina (2003)
• Open Range (2003)
• Carambola (2003)
• Soldados de Salamina (2003)
• Vampires: Los Muertos (2002)
• Frida (2002)
• Ciudades Oscuras (2002)
• Todos los Aviones del Mundo (2001)
• Atlético San Pancho (2001)
• Y tu mamá también (2001)
• Before Night Falls (2000)
• Todo el Poder (1999)
• Un Dulce Olor a Muerte (1999)
• El Cometa (1999)
• Un Hilito de Sangre (1995)
• Morena (1995)
• Ámbar (1994)
• El Último Fin de Año (1991)
• Antonieta (1982)

Soap operas[link]

• La Vida en el Espejo (1999)
• El Amor de mi Vida (1998)
• El Premio Mayor (1995)
• El Abuelo y Yo (1992)

Music Videos[link]

• The One That Got Away (Katy Perry song) (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Diego Luna at the Internet Movie Database
• Diego Luna on Twitter
• Diego Luna on Myspace
• Diego Luna photo

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2010)

Michael Kohler
Origin	United States
Genres	Electronic music, rock, pop, soundtrack
Occupations	Composer, music producer, sound engineer
Years active	1993 - present
Website	http://www.bluetube.com

Michael Kohler is a composer, music producer and sound engineer who has composed music for numerous television shows, commercials and promos since 1993. A large number of his compositions have been created for commercials and promos for Cartoon Network and its spinoff network Boomerang. He has also done compositions for Nickelodeon, Toon Disney, and E!.

Kohler is the lead music producer and sound engineer for the series Adult Swim series Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, 12 Oz. Mouse, Perfect Hair Forever, Stroker and Hoop, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and its film Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film For Theaters, and the FX series Archer. Kohler also voices himself on the Aqua Teen Hunger Force season seven episode "A PE Christmas".

Kohler currently heads up Bluetube Productions, a full service recording studio and audio post facility in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended the University of Akron in Akron, Ohio.^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Bluetube Production's official site
• Michael Kohler at the Internet Movie Database