If the municipality covers a large area and contains more than one city or town (collectively called localidades), one city or town is selected as a cabecera municipal (head city, seat of the municipal government) while the rest elect representatives to a presidencia auxiliar or junta auxiliar (auxiliary presidency or council). In that sense, a municipality in Mexico is roughly equivalent to the counties of the United States, whereas the auxiliary presidency is equivalent to a township. Nonetheless, auxiliary presidencies are not considered a third-level administrative division since they depend fiscally on the municipalities in which they are located.
North-western and south-eastern states are divided into small numbers of large municipalities (e.g. Baja California is divided into only five municipalities), and therefore they cover large areas incorporating several separated cities or towns that do not necessarily conform to one single conurbation. Central and southern states, on the other hand, are divided into a large number of small municipalities (e.g. Oaxaca is divided into 570 municipalities), and therefore large urban areas usually extend over several municipalities which form one single conurbation. Although an urban area might cover an entire municipality, auxiliary councils might still be used for administrative purposes.
Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, supervision of slaughterhouses and the cleaning and maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1983, they can collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own collection efforts.
Ranking | State| | Municipality | Population |
1 | Mexico StateMexico || | San Cristóbal Ecatepec>Ecatepec | 1,688,258 |
2 | Jalisco| | Guadalajara, Jalisco>Guadalajara | 1,600,940 |
3 | Jalisco| | Zapopan | 1,500,790 |
4 | Puebla| | Puebla | 1,482,645 |
5 | Baja California| | Tijuana (municipality)>Tijuana | 1,410,687 |
6 | Chihuahua (state)Chihuahua || | Ciudad Juárez | 1,313,338 |
7 | Guanajuato| | León, Guanajuato>León | 1,278,087 |
8 | Mexico StateMexico || | Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl>Nezahualcóyotl | 1,140,528 |
9 | Nuevo León| | Monterrey | 1,133,814 |
... | ...| | ... | .... |
2,438 | Oaxaca| | Santa Magdalena Jicotlán | 102 |
Ranking | State| | Municipality | Area (surface area>km²) |
1 | Baja California| | Ensenada (municipality)>Ensenada | 51,952.26 |
2 | Baja California Sur| | Mulegé (municipality)>Mulegé | 33,092.20 |
3 | Coahuila| | Ocampo, Coahuila>Ocampo | 26,433.60 |
4 | Baja California Sur| | La Paz, Baja California Sur>La Paz | 20,275.00 |
5 | Quintana Roo| | Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo>Othón P. Blanco | 17,189.75 |
6 | Chihuahua (state)Chihuahua || | Ahumada, Chihuahua>Ahumada | 17,131.48 |
7 | Baja California Sur| | Comondú Municipality>Comondú | 16,858.30 |
8 | Chihuahua (state)Chihuahua || | Camargo, Chihuahua>Camargo | 16,066.01 |
... | ...| | ... | .... |
2,438 | Tlaxcala| | San Lorenzo Axocomanitla | 4.34 |
Mexico City is a special case in that it is not organized as a municipality, but as a federal district as the capital of the federation. It is administered through the Government of the Federal District and it has its own unicameral Legislative Assembly. For administrative purposes, the Federal District is subdivided into delegaciones or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, since 2000 they enjoy a certain degree of political autonomy, in that residents within a borough directly elect a local borough head of government (called jefe delegacional). However, boroughs do not form local [municipal] councils nor are they constituted by a group of trustees. They do not have regulatory powers, which are mostly centralized in the Federal District government. The majority of the city's public services are organized by the Federal District even if part of the administration responsibilities are carried out by the boroughs. Despite this, at the federal level, the delegaciones of the Federal District are considered a second-level territorial division in statistical data collection and cross-municipal comparisons.
Other municipalities in Mexico have chosen to use a similar administrative internal organization. All municipalities of Baja California are subdivided into boroughs or delegaciones. The municipality of Mexicali for example, is divided into 14 boroughs besides the city of Mexicali which comprises the municipal seat and three additional metropolitan boroughs. The municipality of Santiago de Querétaro, is subdivided into seven boroughs. Nonetheless, the heads of government of the boroughs of Mexican municipalities are not elected by the residents but appointed by the municipal president. Unlike the boroughs of Mexico City, which are second-level administrative divisions, the boroughs of the municipalities constitute third-level administrative divisions.
Mexico Portal de Información Municipal Spanish
Category:Subdivisions of Mexico Mexico 2 Municipalities, Mexico Mexico Category:Urban planning in Mexico
ca:Municipis de Mèxic de:Municipio es:Municipios de México it:Municipalità del MessicoThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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