A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. Usage of the term republic is inconsistent but, as a minimum, it means a state or federation of states that does not have a monarch.

In a federal republic, there is a division of powers between the national ("federal") government, and the government of the individual subdivisions. While each federal republic manages this division of powers differently, national security and defense, monetary policy, and other issues of a "national" scope are handled at the "federal" level while more local issues such as road and infrastructure maintenance and education policy are handled at the local level. In other words, while the federal government has ultimate sovereignty, there is a limited sovereignty granted to the subdivisions, where the federal government does not have jurisdiction. This is in contrast to a unitary republic whereby the national government has complete sovereignty over all aspects of political life, with purely administrative subdivisions, and a confederation whereby the constituent states retain ultimate sovereignty. The form of government is used by many countries around the world.

List of federal republics[link]

Contemporary[link]

Nation	Official Name and Style	Subdivisions	Head of state
Argentina	Argentine Republic	Provinces	President
Austria[1]	Republic of Austria	States	Federal President
Bosnia and Herzegovina[2]	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Entities	Collective Presidency
Brazil[3]	Federative Republic of Brazil	States	President of the Republic
Comoros	Union of the Comoros	Autonomous islands	President
Ethiopia[4]	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	Regions	President
Germany[5]	Federal Republic of Germany	States	Federal President
India[6]	Republic of India	States	President
Iraq	Republic of Iraq	Regions and Provinces	President
Mexico[7]	United Mexican States	States	President
Micronesia	Federated States of Micronesia	States	President
Nepal[8]	Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Yet to decide by the constituent assembly	President
Nigeria[9]	Federal Republic of Nigeria	States	President
Sudan	Republic of the North Sudan	States	President
Pakistan[10]	Islamic Republic of Pakistan	Provinces and Tribal areas	President
Russia[11]	Russian Federation	Federal subjects	President
South Sudan	Republic of South Sudan	States	President
Switzerland[12]	Swiss Confederation	Cantons	Federal Council
United States[13]	United States of America	States	President
Venezuela[14]	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	States	President

Historic[link]

Federation	Official Name and Style	Period	Subdivisions
Dutch Republic	Republic of the Seven United Netherlands	1581–1795	Provinces
Colombia	Republic of Colombia United States of Colombia	1819-1831 1863–1886	States
Federal Republic of Central America	United Provinces of Central America Federal Republic of Central America	1823–1838
Germany	German Reich (Weimar Republic)	1919-1933	States
Soviet Union	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	1922-1991	Republics
Yugoslavia[15]	Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	1945-1963 1963-1992	Republics
Serbia and Montenegro	Federal Republic of Yugoslavia State Union of Serbia and Montenegro	1992-2003 2003-2006	Republics
Burma	Union of Burma	1948-1962	States
Indonesia	Republic of the United States of Indonesia	1949-1950[note 1]	States
Cameroon	Federal Republic of Cameroon	1961-1972
Czechoslovakia[15]	Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Czech and Slovak Federative Republic	1969-1990 1990-1993	Socialist Republics

Notes[link]

See also[link]

• Form of government
• List of republics

References[link]

Nebojša Pavković (Serbian Cyrillic: Небојша Павковић; born in the village of Senjski Rudnik, Ćuprija on April 10, 1946) was Chief of the General Staff of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

In 2009, he was convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) of committing crimes against humanity and war crimes in the Kosovo War.

Biography[link]

He graduated in every military school with an average evaluation (10.00). When the conflict in Kosovo began Nebojša Pavković was the commander of the Third Army. He was promoted in rank Major General in 1996, Lieutenant General in 1998, Colonel General in 1999. For success as commander leadership he received numerous medals and awards, Slobodan Milošević awarded him Medal of Freedom for commanding the Third Army during NATO's Operation Allied Force. After 5 October 2000 Pavković remained at his position as Chief of General Staff until Vojislav Koštunica, President at the time removed, him from his position. His Godfather is Ljubiša Baković.

Charges[link]

On 25 April 2005 Pavković was surrendered to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague where he was charged with committing crimes against humanity and war crimes during the Kosovo War. ^[1][2] On 26 February 2009, the ICTY convicted Pavković of the charges and sentenced him to 22 years in prison.^[3]

References[link]

1. ^ www.glas-javnosti.rs Archived 13 February 2011 at WebCite
2. ^ Podaci o predmetu Pavkovic i drugi (IT-03-70) Archived 13 February 2011 at WebCite
3. ^ "Kosovo trial clears Serbia leader". BBC News. 26 February 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-02-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7911761.stm. Retrieved 26 February 2009. 

This Serbian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2008)

Boris Dvornik

Boris Dvornik (16 April 1939 – 24 March 2008) was a Croatian actor.

Born in Split to the family of a carpenter, Boris Dvornik discovered acting talent at an early age, while performing in children's plays. After studying to become an electrician, he began to pursue a full-time acting career. He studied at the National Acting School in Novi Sad, Serbia and later enrolled at the Drama Arts Academy of the University of Zagreb.

As a freshman, he was cast in the starring role of the 1960 Holocaust drama The Ninth Circle. A year later, he showed his versatility by appearing in the popular comedy Martin u oblacima. This established Boris Dvornik as a big star of former Yugoslav cinema, comparable to Ljubiša Samardžić, Milena Dravić and Velimir "Bata" Živojinović (with whom he later developed a close friendship).

The zenith of Dvornik's popularity came in the 1970s with the role of Roko Prč in the cult series Naše malo misto. In the 1980s, after receiving acclaim as of one of the most renowned and prolific actors of the former Yugoslavia, Boris Dvornik mostly worked with the Croatian National Theatre in his native city of Split.

Over the years Dvornik developed a close friendship with Antun Vrdoljak. He talked him into getting involved in politics and in the 1992 elections Dvornik, as candidate of HDZ, was elected in the Split constituency. He soon realised that he had not got a taste for politics and resigned his seat one month later.

In more recent years, Dvornik's career was affected by aftermath of a stroke and alcoholism, which manifested in a series of incidents, the most notorious being assault on a poll observer during the 2005 presidential elections.

Dvornik's two sons - Dino Dvornik and Dean Dvornik - were both renowned pop musicians.

Death[link]

Boris Dvornik suffered a heart attack and died in the city he was born in, Split, on 24 March 2008, aged 68.^[1]

His son, Dino died, on 7 September 2008, aged 44 of an overdose.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Boris Dvornik at the Internet Movie Database

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2010)

This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (June 2010)

Velimir "Bata" Živojinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић) (born 5 June 1933) is a Serbian actor and politician.

Biography[link]

Živojinović was born in the town of Koraćica, Mladenovac, Serbia (then Kingdom of Yugoslavia), under the Kosmaj mountain. After graduating from acting schools in Užice and Novi Sad, he enrolled at the Drama Academy in Belgrade.

Velimir Živojinović preferred acting in theatre to acting on screen, and made his screen debut in 1955 film Pesma sa Kumbare was the beginning of an incredibly prolific silver screen career. Živojinović arguably played more film roles than any other actor in the history of former Yugoslavia. Bata Živojinović's played both heroes and villains and switched between leading and supporting roles. The zenith of his popularity came with WW2-themed action films in the 1970s. One of his best known films from that period was Valter brani Sarajevo (Valter defends Sarajevo), which gained major success in China.

He was also known for his close friendship with the Croatian actor Boris Dvornik. In 1991 Živojinović and Dvornik renounced each other in a series of open letters, which was a gesture often seen as symbolic of the breakup of Yugoslavia. In 2004 it was reported that the two men tried to reconcile. In 2006, the two men publicly reconciled on TV via a video link between Split and Belgrade. The actor said that "In the last few years there hasn't been hatred between us", and Dvornik completed the sentence "only a misunderstanding".^[1]

In 1990 he was elected for the Serbian Parliament, as a member of Slobodan Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia.^{[citation needed]}

Awards[link]

Živojinović was awarded Golden Arena for Best Actor at the Pula Film Festival three times: in 1965, 1967 and 1972.

In August 1993, he was awarded Life Achievement Award "Slavica".^{[citation needed]}

Selected filmography[link]

• Train Without a Timetable (1959)
• The Dream (1966)
• I Even Met Happy Gypsies (Skupljači perja) (1967)
• Battle of Neretva (1969)
• Walter Defends Sarajevo (1972)
• The Master and Margaret (1972)
• Traces of a Black Haired Girl (1972)
• Hell River (1974)
• Beach Guard in Winter (1976)
• The Dog Who Loved Trains (1977)
• The Tiger (1978)
• Balkan Express (1983)
• Balkan Spy (1983)
• Battle of Kosovo (1989)
• Pretty Village, Pretty Flame (1996)
• The White Suit (1999)

See also[link]

• List of Yugoslavian films
• Politics of Serbia

References[link]

External links[link]

• Bata Živojinović at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Cinema of Serbia Actors • Directors • Films A-Z • Films by year • Cinematographers • Composers • Editors • Producers • Screenwriters