| Jacque Fresco |
Jacque Fresco |
| Born |
(1916-03-13) March 13, 1916 (age 96)
Brooklyn, New York |
| Residence |
Florida |
| Nationality |
American |
| Occupation |
Futurist, Social Engineer, Structural Engineer, Architectural Designer, Industrial Designer, Author, Lecturer |
| Known for |
The Venus Project, Resource-based economy, Sociocyberneering |
| Notable work(s) |
Looking Forward (1969), The Best That Money Can't Buy (2002) |
| Influenced by |
B. F. Skinner,[citation needed] Jacques Loeb,[1]
Alfred Korzybski,[1] Buckminster Fuller,[citation needed] Thorstein Veblen,[1] Stuart Chase,[1] Edward Bellamy,[1] H. G. Welles,[1] Howard Scott,[1] Norbert Wiener,[2] Arthur Radebaugh[3] |
Jacque Fresco (born March 13, 1916), is a self-educated structural designer, architectural designer, philosopher of science, concept artist, educator, and futurist. His interests span a wide range of disciplines including several in philosophy, science, architecture and engineering.[4] Fresco writes and lectures extensively on his view of subjects ranging from the holistic design of sustainable cities, energy efficiency, natural resource management, cybernated technology, advanced automation, and the role of science in society, focusing on the benefits he thinks they may bring. With his colleague, Roxanne Meadows, he is the founder and director of an organization known as The Venus Project, located in Venus, Florida.[5] He currently promotes a fundamental change in anthropic organization through the global implementation of a novel socio-economic system predicated on social cooperation, technological automation, and scientific methodology, called a Resource-based economy.
In contemporary culture he has been popularized by three documentaries, Future By Design,[6] Zeitgeist Addendum,[7] and Zeitgeist: Moving Forward,[8] His Venus Project has been inspirational worldwide, especially to activists.[9]
Born on March 13, 1916,[10] Jacque Fresco grew up in a minority neighborhood of Bensonhurst in the Brooklyn borough of New York City.[11][12] Precocious as a child, Fresco's interests did not pertain to the topics presented to him at school.[13][14] Unwilling, or unable, to conform with a setting of formal education, he sought a self-directed education throughout his later teen years.[15] Fresco spent many days of his youth at the local library where he investigated subjects of his own interest.[12] At this early time, Fresco had a talent for acting and this won him the first prize at a prominent drama competition in New York.[14] Fresco also exercised artistic abilities in painting and sketching.[14] Atop the roof of his home at 67th and 20th Ave., Fresco spent time with his fellow comrades discussing Darwin, Einstein, science, and the future.[13][14]
While mostly impoverished during the Great Depression, Fresco claims that it was during this time of hardship he developed the sensitivity and ambition to concern himself with the function of society and the future of humanity.[16][17]
For a short time, Fresco took an interest in attending the Young Communist League wherein he caused commotion. After brief discussion and disagreements with the League president, Fresco was physically removed.[11][18] Thereafter, Fresco turned his attention to Technocracy.[12][13] In the travels of his youth, one destination was Florida where he developed an affinity for the tropics, a place to which he would return later in life.[13] In the mid-1930s, Fresco traveled west to Los Angeles where he began his career as a structural designer in many fields.
In California, Fresco found employment at the Douglas Aircraft Company[11] after presenting many of his early alternative aircraft designs.[19] Fresco had long taken an interest in designing flying wings as well as flying saucers. He attempted to interest the aircraft industry at a time when experimental construction was underway.[20][21] Eventually, Fresco demonstrated such designs in 1938.[22] After departing from Douglas due to safety design disagreements,[11][23] he traveled to Hawaii in late 1939[24] where he then traveled to the South Sea Islands where he interacted with native islanders.[23] Fresco claims that his visit to these islands effectively helped shape his understanding of cultural relativism and the flexibility of human values in alternate environments.[25][26] After returning to California, Fresco took residence at various locations in Hermosa Beach and throughout Los Angeles,[13] meanwhile continuing industrial design projects for various companies.
In 1942, Fresco was drafted into the Army.[13][27] He was soon given technical design duties for the Army Air Force at Wright Field design laboratories in Dayton, Ohio.[13][20][23][28] There he would produce up to forty designs a day.[23] Among Fresco's many designs, a design of a radical variable camber wing attempted to optimize flight control by allowing the pilot to adjust the thickness of the wings during lift and flight.[29] It received a patent[30][31] and was thereafter given to the Army Air Force.[23][31] After difficulties with Army life, he was discharged.[13] Fresco had many advanced ideas for airplane aviation and this gained him a reputation in the aircraft industry for being "a man twenty years ahead of his time"[20][32]
In the mid-1940s, Fresco was commissioned by Earl Muntz and Michael Shore to design a new low cost form of modernistic housing.[13] The result was one of the first all glass-aluminum structures, known as the Trend Home. At 930 square feet, there were twelve variations. [33] The structure could be erected by ten men in eight hours.[34] Its design of light weight, high strength, and long lasting materials allowed for reduced production costs and streamlined production which increased its economic viability.[35] The resulting cost was approximately $5,200.[34] The design was first introduced at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles in 1947.[36] The structure was first exhibited in the summer of 1948 at Stage 8 of the Warner Brothers Studio on Sunset boulevard.[37] It would go on to attract over 20,000 visitors.[19] The proceeds were donated to The Cancer Prevention Society to build part of a new hospital.[38] For the next few years the Trend Home was to undergo mass production[39] and was considered by the U.S. government as a possible solution for soldiers returning from World War II.[13] For over a decade variations of the design were prototyped, sold, and occupied, until 1962 when a major housing project named Alumanor was built on Mt. Washington in Highland Park, Los Angeles.[40]
In 1949, Fresco was commissioned by Hollywood producers Jack Moss and Irving Yergin to develop technology for viewing three-dimensional images without the use of eye glasses. [41] The technology developed was for both theater audiences and home television. [41] Novel in its simplicity, it was relatively cheap and required little modification of the projection systems used at the time. The technology also had prospects for being used in medical x-ray units and surgery. [41] It was demonstrated in the summer of 1949 in California.[42]
Through the late 1940s and early 1950s, Fresco was director of Scientific Research Laboratories[28] at two locations. First located near Elysian Park in Los Angeles, it was operated with associates Eli Catran and Henry Giaretto. It later moved to a location in Los Feliz, near Hollywood,[43] where Fresco lived, lectured, and taught technical design,[11] meanwhile researching[44] and working on inventions as a freelance inventor and scientific consultant.[23] As a freelance operation, Fresco asserts that many of his inventions were unconditionally sold to his clients, thereby excluding his name from many of the patents.[45] Fresco also claims that many of his inventions were usurped by other associates. During these years, Fresco encountered setbacks due to financial difficulties, in at least one case, resulting in the repossession of his lab equipment.[46][47]
During Fresco's later years in Los Angeles, he also worked as model designer for science-fiction movies[13][28] such as the television show Ring Around the Moon which became the film Project Moonbase based on a story by Robert A. Heinlein.[48] Fresco was noted for his high quality models and special effects despite the low budgets of the B-movie productions.[49][50] His talents were recommended to Roger Corman for the film The Beast with a Million Eyes, (the movie for which Paul Blaisdell became famous for special effects) but Corman could not accommodate Fresco into the budget (of $23,000).[51][52] Fresco also worked as technical adviser in the film industry, most notably for Lou Stoumen's 1956 Oscar nominated documentary The Naked Eye.[53] Fresco's reputation in Los Angeles eventually earned him a guest appearance on Art Baker's nationwide television show, You Asked For It as the "man of tomorrow" in the early 1950s.
Eventually, in 1955, Fresco left California after his lab was commandeered to build the Golden State Freeway.[11][19]
Pursuing his affinity for the tropics, in 1955 Fresco moved to Miami, Florida, where he lived on a boat for a short time.[19] He began practicing private therapy sessions,[19] and at a time when the American Psychological Association was strictly pressuring therapists lacking approved credentials to relinquish their practice, Fresco clashed with the APA and received criticism for his therapy service.[19][54] Fresco would later acknowledge that the absence of a formal academic orientation was often a detriment in academic contexts[19] and often made it difficult to gain influence.[55] In Miami, Fresco held public lectures throughout the late 1950s and 1960s, beginning his popular treatment of a rapidly changing future and his critique of cultural and political practices of the era.[19][56]
Fresco spent much of his time in Miami trying to showcase his designs of a circular city and raise funds to get it built.[55] He also designed a three-wheeled car that was to have only 32 moving parts, which he strove to fund as well.[26][55][57][58] Fresco made much of his living working as an industrial designer for various companies such as Alcoa and the Major Realty Corporation.[19] In 1961, with Pietro Belluschi and C. Frederick Wise,[59] Fresco designed a more sophisticated sequel to his earlier Trend Home, known as the Sandwich House.[19] Consisting of mostly prefabricated components, partitions, and aluminum, it sold for $2,950, or $7,500 with foundation and all internal installations.[59] During theses years, Fresco also supported his projects by designing, non-competitive, prefabricated aluminum devices through Jacque Fresco Enterprises Inc.[60]
From the mid-1950s and throughout the 1960s, Fresco developed what he called "Project Americana."[19][61] It was a ten year plan for American social change.[19] His vision included a circular city and the application of full cyber-automation of city operations wherein machines direct other machines to operate. Such was Fresco's conception of a "thinking city" in "The Machine-Machine Age." The national plan also included methods for aiding struggling nations by erecting prefabricated factories that produce prefabricated products for building, installation of cultural centers, and a new curriculum for schooling. In 1962, CBS approached Fresco about developing a series on his ideas after appearing on two successive episodes of On the Town with Fred Fischer.[62]
Beginning in 1960, California lawyer, Gerald V. Barron introduced Fresco to Hubert Humphrey with whom correspondence continued through the mid-1960s.[26] The intention was to get Project Americana incorporated and implemented through Humphrey. Humphrey would later serve as Vice-President under Lyndon B. Johnson who implemented the new social programs known as the Great Society.
In 1969, with Ken Keyes, a book was written about Fresco's ideas, entitled Looking Forward. Abiding rationalist-humanist premises,[63] the first half of the book was dedicated to detailing some of the causes of many problems in humanity's thinking and behavior and the changes that humanity will have to make as it enters the future. It described three components which can be used to best correctly analyze the future: humanity's values, methods of thinking, and tools i.e. technological developments.[64] All three are described as being interdependent much like a set of gears. The second half of the book was dedicated to a speculative look at the future revolving around the experiences of the fictional characters, Scott and Hella, as they pursue their projects in a cybernetic society wherein individual gratification is the total concern, while human labor and personal possessions no longer exist.[63] It was one of the earliest publications to theorize the possible social implications of a central network knowledge bank (Corcen) used to bring about a "humanized man-machine symbiosis".[65] The book was highly speculative as Fresco and Keyes gave consideration for a wide range of technological and social possibilities, referred to as "out of this world."[66] The society depicted in Looking Forward has been described as an ideal warranting a comparison to Plato's Republic whose inconsistencies and problems, it was argued, Looking Forward succeeded in resolving through technological means, primarily through the function of Corcen (the correlation center).[67]
Fresco's ideas for Project Americana evolved into what he called "Sociocyberneering." Fresco introduced this concept to students at the University of Miami in 1970. Due to appearances on television and radio, public lectures, and word-of-mouth, Fresco had built a following and was prepared to start an organization. He called this Sociocyberneering Inc. It was a non-profit organization founded in 1971 for which Fresco was president.[68] It was a non-political and non-sectarian membership organization having, at its peak, 250 members,[69] many of whom became Fresco's pupils. Fresco frequently hosted educational lectures in Miami Beach and at his home in Coral Gables.[70] His lecture topics pertained to society, social change, science, technology, engineering, architecture, religion, prudence, semantics, anthropology, psychology, systems theory, and education, among other topics. Aside from educating, Fresco worked with members of the organization to produce designs, films, and booklets pertaining to the aims and goals of the organization.[69]
The term "sociocyberneering" is also a concept and was defined as "the application of the most sophisticated forms of computer technology in the management of human affairs."[71] The stated goal of Sociocyberneering Inc. was to apply "the most sophisticated forms of science and technology toward problem solving ... an approach at the restructuring of society in humanistic terms," [72] and dedicated to finding practical solutions that could be rapidly applied to the many problems that faced society.[73] The primary focus was to "investigate alternative solutions based in conservation of energy, international cooperation in all areas of social endeavor, and the assimilation of a systems approach for the design of cities."[74] There was also heavy emphasis on the prospects of cybernated technology in the societies of human beings, arguing that, "the future of man and his cities does not depend on whether or not this or that design is preferred. It is determined by the forces of social and environmental evolution in which computerized approaches to human and environmental systems will ultimately emerge as the ultimate technique in all areas of the social sequences."[75]
By this time Fresco had designed his circular city to be one mile in diameter with radially connected concentric rings "resembling the spokes of a wheel."[76] Each ring was dedicated to a general function such as agriculture, recreation, housing, among others. At the nucleus center, in the dome, was a supercomputer that was intended to function as the centralized data management system for the automated processes throughout the city.
Throughout the 1970s Fresco worked to expand the organization and elevate its exposure to the general public by lecturing at universities[77] and appearing on radio and television, such as on South Florida's popular Larry King Show and Joe Abrell's Montage.[73] Fresco became acquainted with Larry King when King's career was emerging out of Miami. King featured Fresco on his television show and radio show several times to discuss, with academics and local callers, the proposals of Sociocyberneering Inc.[72][78]
At the apex of the organization's membership, they began investing in 40 acres of land in Naples. The organization set out to construct an experimental community in which they would live and expand. They encountered a setback in 1978 when members feared that the Collier County zoning board would complicate implementation. The result was a partial dissolution of Sociocyberneering Inc. membership.[79] The investment was abandoned and the land was resold. Fresco sold his home[79] and new land was located in rural Venus. On agricultural land he established a research center for Sociocyberneering Inc. in 1980.[80] With the help of remaining members, Fresco constructed buildings based on the designs of his futuristic renderings. After the move, Sociocyberneering Inc. became less popular as many members remained in Miami. Eventually, Sociocyberneering Inc. became much less active and through the 1980s Fresco dedicated his time to designing and studying alongside Roxanne Meadows who remained with Fresco as his colleague.
Fresco with Roxanne Meadows in Venus
In 1994, Fresco developed a new image for Sociocyberneering Inc. and rebooted it under the new name, The Venus Project.[5] By this time, Fresco had accumulated a large quantity of designs and models that could represent a general outline of how his vision may look and operate, and were used to gain exposure for the organization through educational films and literature distributed to teachers and universities.[17] Aside from their educational materials, Fresco and Meadows continued to support the project throughout the '90s through freelance inventing, such as for Pratt and Whitney,[81] industrial engineering, conventional architectural modeling,[26] and invention consultations.[26] In the process, some of Fresco's futuristic designs succeeded in inspiring some development companies.[82] At one point, Fresco claimed that The Venus Project was under consideration for developing plans to build a theme park/experimental city in Turkey.[83][84] A similar consideration occurred with Dubai. In 2002, Fresco published his main work The Best That Money Can't Buy. In 2006, William Gazecki directed the semi-biographical film about Fresco, "Future by Design" in which Fresco was compared to the Renaissance polymath Leonardo Da Vinci.[6] In 2008, Peter Joseph featured Fresco in the film Zeitgeist Addendum wherein his vision of the future was presented as a possible solution for the societal and environmental crisis expounded in the film.[7] The reaction that followed was manifested by the development of The Zeitgeist Movement which actively professes Fresco's ideas[85] and once considered itself the "activist arm" of The Venus Project. As of April, 2011, however, the Venus Project and Zeitgeist Movement disaffiliated.[26]
In 2010, Fresco attempted to trademark the phrase "Resource-Based Economy"[86] in the midst of its popularization to preserve his definition of it. The phrase was reviewed and found to be too generic to qualify. The action to trademark Fresco's specific meaning was therefore blocked. Other small Internet organizations now profess a version of a resource-based economy based on Fresco's original conception.[87]
Throughout 2010, Fresco traveled with Meadows on a worldwide tour in response to a growing interest in The Venus Project.[88][89] On January 15, 2011, Zeitgeist: Moving Forward was released in theaters, again featuring Fresco and a more elaborate articulation of his vision as a possible solution for planetary dilemmas.[8] Currently, Fresco holds lectures and tours at The Venus Project location[90][91] and has initiated the funding of a major motion picture that may be made which will depict The Venus Project future.[26] In November, 2011, Fresco spoke to protestors at the "occupy Miami" site at Government Center in Miami.[92]
The Venus Project is an organization depicting, as well as professing, the culmination of Fresco's life work and serves as a foundation that represents his vision of a future without poverty, crime, war, corruption, or waste. It was founded in 1980 and took its name in 1994. It is located in central Florida near west Lake Okeechobee about fifty miles northeast of Fort Myers. On its 21.5-acre lot, there are ten buildings designed by Fresco, which showcase limited versions of Fresco's architectural designs. It is partly a research center for Fresco and Roxanne Meadows, and partly an educational center for supporters of the project.[93] They produce videos and literature depicting and explaining the future vision and the goals to actualize it. Among these goals, the salient are to produce a major motion picture portraying the future world the project promotes; constructing a theme park with the intention of exhibiting technologies and the ideas of the Venus Project; and constructing an experimental city in an attempt to test Fresco's hypotheses. Its ultimate aim is to improve society by moving towards a global, sustainable, technological social design that is termed a "resource-based economy".[94]
Fresco was born to immigrants from Europe, Isaac and Lena Fresco.[10] His father was born in 1880[95] and around 1905 immigrated from Istanbul to New York where he worked as a horticulturalist.[10] He died in 1963.[95] Fresco's mother was born in 1887[96] in Jerusalem and also migrated to New York around 1904.[10] She died in 1988.[96] Fresco was brother to two siblings,[10] a sister, Freda, and a brother, David. His brother was born in 1909.[97] He was a draftsman,[98] a private during World War II,[98] and became a theater actor and a character actor in Hollywood.[13] After being blacklisted by Hollywood in the 1950s for not cooperating with the House Un-American Activities Committee,[99][100] he resurrected his career in the 1960s eventually appearing in many films and television shows.[99][101] He died in 1997.[97]
Fresco had two marriages when he lived in Los Angeles, California and carried his second marriage through his first couple years in Miami.[28] He divorced his second wife in 1957 and remained unmarried thereafter.[102] His second wife, Patricia, gave birth to a son, Richard, in 1953 and a daughter, Bambi, in 1956. Richard was an army private[103] and died in 1976.[104] Bambi died of cancer in 2010.[105]
Fresco himself cites several theorists and authors for contributing to his vision, such as Jacques Loeb, who established the Mechanistic Conception of Life; Edward Bellamy, who wrote the extremely influential book, Looking Backward; Thorstein Veblen, who influenced the Technocracy movement and Howard Scott, who popularized it; Alfred Korzybski, who originated General Semantics; H. G. Wells, and many others.[1] Fresco has often been heard stating, "I have been able to achieve what I have achieved because I stood on the shoulders of giants," paraphrasing Einstein, (though the metaphore was first made famous by Isaac Newton, and stated by others before him).
Fresco's vision has formed as the culmination of many disciplines and schools of thought. The majority of Fresco's ideas and concepts have not been categorized or classified by scholars in academia. However, the dominant features of it have been compared to earlier thinkers from as early as the nineteenth century. Titles such as The Paradise within the Reach of all Men without Labor by Powers of Nature and Machinery, Emigration to the Tropical World for the Melioration of All Classes of People of All Nations, and The New World or Mechanical System were written in the 1800s by John Adolphus Etzler who has been described as an early forerunner to Fresco's vision.[106] Likewise, Ebenezer Howard and his book Garden Cities of Tomorrow, as well as the Garden City Movement during the early 1900s has been described as another predecessor.[107] Fresco's vision removes the mechanics of modern economics and his view toward modern economics has been compared to Thorstein Veblen's concept of "the predatory phase in human development."[108] Other facets of Fresco's vision have been labeled a "tabula rasa approach."[107]
Values and natural forces often undergo emphasis in Fresco's vision. Jack Catran provides a succinct summary of the significance for these two factors,
According to Fresco, the scientist of today is involved in a conflict between two value systems: 1. The orderly world of scientific methodology; 2. The non-scientific culture (and language) which surrounds him on all sides, but in which is embodied the embryo of the future. It is difficult, says Fresco, for non-scientific man to grasp the full implications of science because of the limitations imposed on him by his social environment. New forces, inherent in the framework of his present culture, are continually acting upon him, forces which are by their very nature unidirectional and irreversible, and tending always toward higher technical and social achievement.[109]
Also noted is the organic nature of Fresco's city designs and the evolutionary (rather than revolutionary) development he expects them to take.[110] The relationship and functions between city facilities and humans is compared to the relationships and functions of organismic bodies.[111] Such cities are posited as the answer to Walter B. Cannon's idea of achieving homeostasis for society.[110]
Other concepts prevalent in Fresco's thought include: sociocyberneering (the application of science and technology, especially cybernation, to human affairs),[71] extensionality (relatability between people, formerly conceived as love); biosocial pressures (spawned by the interactions between self-preservation and resource availability); functional ethics (a view in which moral transgressions are effectively rendered improbable by the reinforcement provided through technological infrastructures),[112] emergent society (a society continuously in flux and bound only by natural law rather than artificial limitations imposed by humans); "the march of events" (a progression in which social, technological, and economic forces propel a necessary course of change as the sum total effect of natural laws, for instance, the evolutionary factors of natural selection or supply and demand)[109][113]; intellectronics (Fresco's term used before artificial intelligence was coined); self-erecting structures (architecture or objects that construct themselves);[114] total enclosure systems (self-contained, self-sufficient dwellings);[113] thinking cities;[110] and resource-based economy.
Throughout his life Fresco has been labeled a "dreamer,"[55][115][9] an "eccentric,"[115] an "utopian,"[116][17] an "idealist,"[79] a "crackpot,"[19] a "charlatan,"[11] yet, concurrently, a genius, a prophet, and a visionary.[116][117][118] Some feel that his vision is impractical, idealistic,[83] and/or borderline science fiction.[119][120] The books Nineteen Eighty-Four or Brave New World are sometimes referenced in relation to his vision. These attitudes continue today across some Web sites. Even further, some claims have labeled him a cult leader due to his figurehead status in The Zeitgeist Movement.[119][121] Others accuse him of affiliations with conspirators of a New World Order.[122] Fresco dismisses these accusations.
His hypothesis of a resource-based economy is sometimes equated with Marxism,[123] socialism, communism, or fascism.[90][119][124] Fresco responds to these comparisons by stating, "The aims of The Venus Project have no parallel in history, not with communism, socialism, fascism or any other political ideology. This is true because cybernation is of recent origin. With this system, the system of financial influence and control will no longer exist."[107]
One writer notes, "it's also true that his system of governance, in which authority is given to the expert in each field — in this case, specially programmed computers — is one that many writers, including Nobel-prize-winner Friedrich Hayek, have shown to be disastrous."[79]
Another writer reviewing one of Fresco's films writes,
the more I listened to Fresco's specifics and fuzzy non-specifics it seemed to me I was encountering a God-like hubris coupled with the standard sci-fi dreamer's naivete vis á vis human nature. But just as I was jotting this last down in my notes, Fresco cautioned viewers — and it gave me the shivers, since he seemed to be responding directly to my written reservations — to remember that human nature is not synonymous with human behavior; the latter can be changed. Although Fresco's futurist scenario is — in my humble opinion — rife with problems, it's not every day that somebody comes along ambitious enough to offer a blueprint for re-designing the world.[123]
Other criticisms have implied a scientistic approach due to Fresco's heavy emphasis on science alone to overcome humanity's obstacles,
His vision is eminently practical, and although this constitutes an innovative and welcome element with reference to previous utopian projections, his focus on science alone makes him fail as a generalist – the criticism Fresco himself passed on academics and scientists. Today's pressing problems require a holistic approach – various disciplines, arts science, philosophy working on a "convergence mode", unfortunately Fresco's vision seems to consolidate the long established view that the "two cultures" (Science and Art) are antagonistic.[106]
The calculation problem has also been raised against a resource-based economy.[125] In a resource-based economy, it is claimed, there is no ability to calculate the availability and desirability of resources because the price mechanism is not utilized. Fresco responds to this issue stating, "we can achieve a level of production so high that it would be superfluous to put a price tag on things."[126]
Exploring whether Fresco's vision is utopian, Viktor Vakhshtayn, the director of the Department of Sociology at the Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, claims that Fresco has carried forth a perspective that bypassed utopian perspectives of the twentieth-century. He describes the whole of Fresco's vision as "telling us about the deep past of the future." That, "in fact, the whole history of the 20th century is the history of death of utopia. This is in fact what gives Jacque Fresco such power. He jumped from the 19th century to the 21st century, leap-frogging the 20th century. It's a single step from Jules Verne to Jacque Fresco. This is very powerful. This keeps amazing me."[127]
In response to association with utopianism, Fresco has stated, "We do not believe in the erroneous notion of a utopian society. There is no such thing. Societies are always in a state of transition. We propose an alternative direction, which addresses the causes of many of our problems. There are no final frontiers for human and technological achievement."[107]
With a broader conception of utopianism than Fresco, Vakhshtayn upon initial assessment states that Fresco appears to have four out of five characteristic features of utopianism of the nineteenth-century, namely, the belief in rationality of science, belief in the technological process, that technology should better human life, and the overseeing of cities from a center.[127] The only feature remaining to close the question of utopianism is a "final frontier, and this is exactly the element that Fresco is stressing so much." Vakhshtayn concludes by saying, "When we say utopia, we don't mean it cannot be implimented. So many utopias have been implimented in the twentieth-century. And they were discredited because they were actually put into life." Vakhshtayn further accuses Fresco of not answering the "epistemological" question, i.e. how does one certainly know that a course of events will unfold as one expects them to.[127]
Fresco has addressed this by making an appeal to induction,
We have the technology to build a global paradise on earth, and at the same time we have the power to end life as we know it. I am a futurist. I cannot predict the actual future — only what it can be if we manage the earth and its resources intelligently. [...] If civilization continues on its present course, we will simply repeat the same mistakes all over again.[1]
Focusing on accusations of utopianism, a writer from the Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies remarks, "For most people, the promise of the project sounds like an unattainable utopia, but if you examine it more closely, there are surprisingly many scientifically founded arguments that open up an entire new world of possibilities."[128] Another writer for CIFS points out,
Perhaps the modern interpretation of the word "utopia" is to blame when the Renaissance man and futurist Jacque Fresco says ... he doesn't want to call his life work, The Venus Project, a utopia. However, this visionary idea of a future society has many characteristics in common with the utopia. ... the word utopia carries a double meaning, since in Greek it can mean both the good place (eutopia) and the nonexisting place (outopia). A good place is precisely what Fresco has devoted his life to describing and fighting for."[129]
One writer suggests instead that "The Venus project is no static utopia, rather a dynamic one: it requires an incremental process driven by an ever-changing extropic ideal."[106]
Hans-Ulrich Obrist notes, "Fresco's future may, of course, seem outmoded and his writings have been subject to critique for their fascistic undertones of order and similitude, but his contributions are etched in the popular psyche and his eco-friendly concepts continue to influence our present generation of progressive architects, city planners and designers."[130]
When asked by a reporter why he has such difficulty actualizing his many ideas, Fresco responded, "Because I can't get to anybody. I have no credentials."[83] Nevertheless, positive attitudes toward Fresco regard him as "a genius, a prophet, and a visionary." General praise appears among futurists, especially the World Future Society who have considered him a visionary engineer in review of his work in the Futurist,[131] [132] commenting, "Whether the future Fresco envisions is probable or even possible is open to debate, but he succeeds in conveying the power of thinking of the future on a grander scale than we're used to."[132] Fresco's work has been compared to the work of Paolo Soleri[117] and especially Buckminster Fuller[133] for all attempting to actualize their vision against great odds,[106][134] as well as Nikola Tesla,[84] Thomas Edison,[19] and Da Vinci[107] for sharing affluence in prolific innovation.
The elaborate scope of Fresco's vision intrigued the science fiction critic, Forest Ackerman,[13] early on, who placed Fresco next to such names as H. G. Wells, Aldous Huxley, Philip Wylie, Hugo Gernsback, Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein, Edgar Rice Burroughs, and Ray Bradbury.[135] Fresco would later attract Star Trek animator, Doug Drexler, who worked with Fresco to produce several computer renderings of his designs,[136] as well as Arthur C. Clarke who, late in his life, briefly attempted to help Fresco get exposure for the Venus Project.[137] Synergetics theorist Norman Arthur Coulter appreciated Fresco's vision for his attempt to accomplish it "not for profit, but to meet the needs of human beings."[137] Author, Harold Cober, comments, "Once you've seen the man's ideas and buildings, you can't let go of it."[79] Bruce Eisner mentions that the Venus Project shares similar aims as his Island Sanctuary Project.[138] Commenting on what he sees as Fresco's inspirational and charismatic teaching methods, physicist, Paul G. Hewitt, cites Fresco as being one of the three major sources of inspiration, turning him away from work as a sign painter and toward a career in science.[70][139]
Psychologist and scientist, Jack Catran, notes,
Contemplate the staggering realistic views of the future published by Jacque Fresco ... There are many futurists, "geniuses", and self-styled seers in our midst who, upon careful examination, turn out to be disappointingly commercial and exploitive. Most extrapolations into the future are made from fixed and narrow points of view. We are all products of today's mediocrity-breeding culture, but if anyone can be called a genius in our money system society, Jacque Fresco should be singled out as the broadest, most aware, individual of our time.[140]
At Drexel University, sociologist and futurist, Arthur B. Shostak, often incorporated Fresco's ideas into his writing and teaching, stating,[141]
His contribution to futuristics is singular, as few, if any around the globe, dare the sweep, the depth, and the drama of his vision. When he writes or speaks, futurists grow quiet, pensive, and finally, appreciative — as his work is sound in its call for a thorough examination of the assumptions under which we labor. While little of his vision may materialize in the lifetime of us all, our grandchildren may yet salute much of what Jacque first helped them set in motion.[17]
In 2008 the Raelian Movement gave Fresco their Honorary Guide award for dedicating "his life to the betterment of humanity as a whole."[142] Fresco received the International Design Award in 2009 from the a! Diseño organization of Mexico. In 2010, it was announced that Fresco was selected to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Exemplar-Zero Initiative in the summer of 2011.[143] In April of 2012, Fresco was honoree at Sustainatopia in Miami.[144]
- Modern Food Production
- "Project Americana: Man in the World of Tomorrow", Feedback. Vol. 1, No. 5, May 1961.: 6
- "Science in 1980". Florida Living Magazine (Miami): pp. 8–9. (Dec. 31, 1961). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OAxgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UOkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2940%2C4969865.
- Designing the Future: A Cybernetic City For the Next Century in The Futurist. Vol. 28, No. 3. pp. 29–33. (May/June 1994).
- The Future and Beyond The Venus Project, Inc. (2000)
- with Meadows, Roxanne. Beyond Utopia in Utopian Thinking in Sociology: Creating the Good Society. pp. 86–92 edited by Arthur B. Shostak. American Sociological Association. (2001). OCLC 49561995.
- with Meadows, Roxanne. The Future by Design: Beyond Money and Politics in Viable Utopian Ideas: Shaping a Better World. pp. 197–205 edited by Arthur B. Shostak. London/Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. (2003). ISBN 0-7656-1105-8. OCLC 473852611.
- with Meadows, Roxanne. Reinventing Iraq in In the Shadow of War. pp. 147–154 edited by Arthur B. Shostak. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House. (2004). ISBN 978-1-4381-2468-1. OCLC 646806392.
- Durrani, Noni. (2007). The Future: Jacque Fresco On The Future, Forbes
- Gia Films. (2010). Frequency of Genius, Gia Film Productions
- Gazecki, William. (2006) Future By Design, Docflix
- Hoving, K. (2002). Engineering the Impossible, Discovery Channel
- Joseph, Peter. (2008). Zeitgeist Addendum, Gentle Machine Productions
- Joseph, Peter. (2011). Zeitgeist: Moving Forward, Gentle Machine Productions
- Maja Borg, M. (2011). Future For Sale, Sonja Henrici, SDI Productions Ltd.
- Wachtmeister, J. (2007). Great Expectations: A Journey through the History of Visionary Architecture, Solaris Filmproduktion
- ^ a b c d e f g h i A Personal Interview With Jacque Fresco. The Venus Project. Retrieved: 30 March 2011.
- a-h "I owe a great deal to people from many disciplines who contributed to this vision. People like Jules Verne, Edward Bellamy, Howard Scott, Thorstein Veblen, H. G. Wells, Sir Jagardis Chunder Bose, Alfred Korzybski, Walter B. Cannon, Stewart Chase, Clarence Darrow, Arthur C. Clarke, Mark Twain, Jacque Loeb, Carl Sagan and others too numerous to mention." — Q. 11
- ^ Rolfe, Lionel (1998), "Unpopular Science", Fat Man On the Left, Los Angeles: California Classics Books, pp. 165, ISBN 978-1-879395-01-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=lSX9pwnsOc4C&lpg=PP1&dq=fat%20man%20on%20the%20left&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false
- a "Both Fresco and Catran were enthralled with Wiener's cybernetics theory, for it fit well with their theories of mechanism ..." — p. 165, ¶ 3
- ^ Cristol, Hope (July/Aug. 2003.), "Yesterday's Art of Tomorrow", The Futurist. Vol. 37, No. 4: 69
- "Radebaugh's future-acumen offers inspiration to contemporary visionaries like Michels in Houston and Jacque Fresco ..." — p. 69, col. 1, ¶ 2
- ^ Reading List The Venus Project. Retrieved: 07 February 2011.
- ^ a b The Venus Project Inc., Florida Department of State Division of Corporations. Retrieved: 07 February 2011.
- ^ a b Gazecki, W. (2006). Future by Design. Docflix.
- ^ a b Joseph, Peter (2008). "Zeitgeist: Addendum". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EewGMBOB4Gg. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
- ^ a b Joseph, P. (2011). "Zeitgeist: Moving Forward"
- ^ a b Angela, Corrias. (Oct. 11, 2009). "They Call Jacque Fresco A Dreamer.". Herald de Paris. http://www.heralddeparis.com/they-call-jaque-fresco-a-dreamer/58586.
- a "Fresco's and Meadows' unapologetic call for revolution is being welcomed worldwide, increasingly after the economic downturn that has hit all countries and made the middle class the new poor." — ¶ 3; "The Venus Project has inspired activists worldwide. In the UK the non-profit organization "The Venus Project Design" has recently launched its website www.thevenusprojectdesign.com with the aim to recruit volunteer architects, engineers, animators and scientists to work on the Venus Project, and movie director Maja Borg is shooting "Future For Sale," documentary on Jacque Fresco and his suggested society." — ¶ Last
- ^ a b c d e 1930 Census (Original Document). Brooklyn, New York: U.S. Department of Commerce. 03 April 1930. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1930_-_Federal_Census_-_Brooklyn_%28document%29.jpg.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rolfe, Lionel (1998), "Unpopular Science", Fat Man On the Left, Los Angeles: California Classics Books, pp. 158–161, ISBN 978-1-879395-01-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=lSX9pwnsOc4C&lpg=PP1&dq=fat%20man%20on%20the%20left&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
- a "Fresco was not just Catran's mentor — he was also his boyhood chum in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, where the two grew up together at the bottom of the Depression." — p. 161, ¶ 5
- b "At one point during the Depression Fresco had been attracted to the theories of Karl Marx. But he finally decided — and was brave enough to declare as much at a public meeting of the Young Communist League, from which he was physically ejected — that Marx was all wrong." — p. 160, ¶ 1
- c-d "As a Douglas aircraft employee, he had argued with his chief engineer about an airplane design. Fresco warned that it would crash during its first big test. It did, killing two people.." — p. 159, ¶ 1
- e In the early '50s I went to Fresco's laboratory every Saturday morning ... to take lessons in technical illustration." — p. 159, ¶ 3
- f "Jacque Fresco ... had moved to Miami in the Mid-'50s, after the State of California had destroyed the laboratory to make way for the Golden State Freeway." — p. 161, ¶ 3
- g "Fresco had a circle of disciples who considered him next only to Albert Einstein, although the friends and relatives of those disciples often thought Fresco was a fraud and charlatan." — p. 158, ¶ 2
- ^ a b c Catran, Jack (1988), "Genesis – Bensonhurst Beginnings", Walden Three, Sherman Oaks, CA: Pygmalion Books/Jade Publications, pp. 64–68, ISBN 978-0-936162-30-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=oBMpAAAACAAJ Memior uses pseudonyms; here replaced with actual names.
- a "Bensonhurst, specifically the corner of 67th Street and 20th Avenue ..." — p. 64, ¶ 2; "Nearly everybody living in Bensonhurst was a member of a minority; the minorities made up a majority of the neighborhood." — p. 68, ¶ 4
- b "The thirst for learning in the crowded public libraries, was to be seen to be believed." — p. 65, ¶ 3
- c "For us Technocracy obsoleted Marx overnight ..." — p. 65, ¶ 5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rolfe, Lionel (1998), "Unpopular Science", Fat Man On the Left, Los Angeles: California Classics Books, pp. 166–170, ISBN 978-1-879395-01-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=lSX9pwnsOc4C&lpg=PP1&dq=fat%20man%20on%20the%20left&pg=PA168#v=onepage&q&f=false
- a "Fresco never got past elementary school. 'It was all bullshit to him,' Catran said." — p.166, ¶ 3
- b "For a period in the '30s, the 'gang' gathered at night on the roof of Fresco's building in Bensonhurst. The conversation was science." — p. 168, ¶ 1
- c "After a while Fresco also discovered Technocracy ..." — p. 168, ¶ 2
- d "Once as a lad he hopped a freight train to Miami and returned home to Brooklyn raving of the sun and palm trees." — p. 168, ¶ 2
- e "Catran moved in and now all the old gang around Fresco was ensconced in Hermosa Beach." — p. 168, ¶ 4
- f "Fresco was standing in an Army induction line outside the Warner studios." — p. 169, ¶ 4
- g "Fresco's talents, however, did not go unnoticed by the Army. He was assigned to a special futuristic unit of the Army's Air Force ..." — p. 169, ¶ 4
- h "Fresco didn't adjust to Army life and was eventually discharged ..." — p. 169, ¶ 4
- i "Earl 'Madman' Muntz spent $500,000 ... on something called the Trend Home." — p. 170, ¶ 1
- j "The idea was simply that a home of aluminum could be manufactured quickly and cheaply for all the GIs coming home from the war ... A man from the Truman administration did come to look the project over ..." — p. 170, ¶ 1
- k "He was the technical adviser on a number of other science-fiction movies." — p. 170, ¶ 3
- l "Fresco was not without his influential admirers. Forrest Ackerman, the well known science-fiction impresario ... was always terribly taken with Fresco." — p. 170, ¶ 2
- m "Fresco had asked his brother Dave Fresco (who became a character actor in Hollywood), what an atheist was." — p. 167, ¶ 1
- ^ a b c d Catran, Jack (1988), "Genesis – Bensonhurst Beginnings", Walden Three, Sherman Oaks, CA: Pygmalion Books/Jade Publications, pp. 69–70, ISBN 978-0-936162-30-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=oBMpAAAACAAJ
- a "The advantage of a high school education escaped him, a most fortunate quirk of destiny, for it was that very fact that contributed to his genius; I always suspected that the lack of a formal education was what made him an authentic original." — p. 70, ¶ 1
- b "The story of Johnny Califano, the son of an Italian gangster and a mother dying of overwork, won him the coveted first prize in an All-City drama competition." — p. 69, ¶ 3
- c "his ability to draw and paint, and his unquestioned skill with theatrics, attracted many intellectuals of the day ..." — p. 69, ¶ 4
- d "We spent many hours in that small flat, listening to Jacque expound on Darwin, Einstein, the scientific method, the design of high-speed aircraft, the future, behaviorism, and the indignities of suffering through another impoverished northeastern winter." — p. 70, ¶ 4
- ^ Fresco, Jacque (2011). Zeitgeist: Moving Forward (Digital Video). New York: Gentle Machine Productions. 05:55-06:53.
- ^ Jacque Fresco (12 May 2010). The Great Depression (Digital Video). Venus, Florida: thevenusprojectmedia. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XnTJmUz4GY.
- ^ a b c d Ynclan, Nery (July 18, 2002). "Engineer Builds A Foundation For Utopian Dream World". Houston Chronicle (Houston): pp. 3. http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Newspapers/2002%20-%20HoustonChronicle/Binder1.pdf.
- a "Fresco says his interest in creating a dramatically different social order emerged from the heartaches of the Great Depression." — p. 3, col. 4, ¶ 5
- b-c "He uses the expertly crafted models made by Meadows to make movies he sells to high school teachers and university professors intrigued by his ideas. The tapes and books, and the models Meadows creates of commercial real estate projects, provide the couple income to keep their hope of finding a major backer for The Venus Project alive." — p. 3, col. 5, ¶ 3
- d "His more immediate goal is to find the funding to make a feature-length film of his techno-utopian lifestyle so his theories can reach a mass audience." — p. 3, col. 2, ¶ top
- ^ Catran, Jack (1988), "Genesis – Bensonhurst Beginnings", Walden Three, Sherman Oaks, CA: Pygmalion Books/Jade Publications, p. 79, ISBN 978-0-936162-30-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=oBMpAAAACAAJ
- "But this time Fresco stood up, and from the rear of the hall, barked loudly over the startled heads of the crowd, crackling the reverent silence: 'Karl Marx was worng!'" — p. 79, ¶ 1
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smith, Mac. (Dec. 31, 1961). "A Look Ahead Through Fresco's Window". Florida Living Magazine (Miami): pp. 2–3. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OAxgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UOkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1604%2C4941153.
- a "With a batch of futuristic drawings of saucer-like aircraft as his credentials (this was in 1935), he surprisingly landed a job in the design department of Douglas Aircraft." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 3
- b "he designed and built an all-aluminum-and-glass 'house of tomorrow' that was featured in Architectural Record and attracted 20,000 visitors while displayed at Warner Brothers Studio." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 3
- c "Los Angeles smog and a new expressway that claimed his lab sent Jacque Fresco to Florida." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 3
- d "When he first arrived in Miami he lived (and worked) on a boat." — p. 2, col. 3, ¶ 1
- e "Here, he set up a sideline as a psychological consultant." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 4
- f "When he ran head-on into a barrage of criticism by the American Psychological Association directed at non-accredited psychologists he gave up his psychology business." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 4
- g "It is a detriment in pure academic circles, he frankly admits." — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 2
- h "He still conducts periodic public lectures designed to help modern man understand his part in 'today's complex and rapidly changing world.'" — p. 2, col. 2, ¶ 4
- i "He occasionally takes a welcome time out for a paying job as an industrial designer. His last 'big job' was a consultant for Major Realty Company ... Major collaborated on the project with Alcoa." — p. 3, col. 3, ¶ 2
- j "Harold M. Gerrish, manager of Major's Florida properties, reported that models of the first aluminum sandwhich houses (aluminum exterior and hardwood interior sandwhiches around foam insulation panels) are being erected in Tampa now." — p. 3, col. 3, ¶ 2
- k "He chips off the words 'Project Americana' in thick chalk on the worn blackboard built into the wall." — p. 2, col. 3, ¶ 1
- l "'Americana' is to be the culmination of a 10-year plan launched by Jacque some eight years ago. — p. 3, col. 1, ¶ 1
- m "Anyone wise to 'crackpots' and keen on conventional procedures for progress would never stray beyond Jacque Fresco's front door ..." — p. 2, col. 3, ¶ 7
- n "you begin to wonder if Jacque Fresco could be a modern day version of another Frenchman of the past, a Jules Verne with a real-life vision of the future ... OR if he is the kind of crackpot Galileo was in his day and Edison in his with a real graps of the working principles of tomorrow." — p. 2, col. 3, ¶ 7
- ^ a b c Scully, Frank (1950), "The Aerodynamic Correction", Behind the Flying Saucers, New York: Henry Holt & Co., pp. 122–123
- a "In 1938 Jacque Fresco designed a flying saucer but at that time the aircraft companies said the model was too far ahead of anything they could handle and it was shelved ..." — p. 122, ¶ 3
- b "the model was too far ahead of anything they could handle and it was shelved while he worked on a more conventional job, which he did at Pearl Harbor, just before the war, and some Buck Rogers contributions which were his lot at Wright Field during the conflict." — p. 122, ¶ 3
- c "In the aircraft industry Fresco is known as the man who is forever twenty years ahead of his time." — p. 123, ¶ 5
- ^ I. Gelatt, Roland., "In a Saucer from Venus", The Saturday Review. Vol. 33, Sept. 1950: 21
- "This draftsman's conception of a flying saucer shows a helicoptered transparent metal turret with a series of blades flush with the disc's surface." — p. 21, ¶ caption
II. McPartland, John. (Aug. 13, 1952). "Strange Objects In Our Skies". Pacific Stars & Stripes (Tokyo): pp. 9. http://access.newspaperarchive.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/Viewer.aspx?img=133140570.
- "Jacque Fresco drew this conception of a transparent metal turret with a series of cambered blades on the disc's surface shown at the top of the page." — p. 9, ¶ caption
- ^ Flammonde, Paris (1971), "The Wonders of Our Discontent", The Age of Flying Saucers, New York: Hawthorn Books, pp. 31, http://books.google.com/books?id=5ewDAQAAIAAJ
- "Leo Bentz's asserted witnessing of a disc-shaped craft designed by George de Bay in 1928 and a demonstration of Jacques Fresco's "flying saucer" a decade later." — p. 31, ¶ 1
- ^ a b c d e f Andreeva, Tamara. (March 3, 1950). "Frustrated Genius". Olean Times Herald (New York): pp. 13. http://access.newspaperarchive.com.ezproxy.lapl.org/Viewer.aspx?img=35636251&firstvisit=true&src=search¤tResult=3¤tPage=0&fpo=False.
- a In two cases, his predictions came true when planes of which he spoke as unsafe, cracked up costing several lives ... After that he followed the only logical course open — he quit." — p. 13, col. 3, ¶ 1
- b "From Hawaii he went to the South Seas to relax." — p. 13, col. 3, ¶ 2
- c "Fresco was transferred to the design laboratories at Wright Field." — p. 13, col. 2, ¶ 4
- d "He produced as many as 40 designs a day ..." — p. 13, col. 2, ¶ 8
- e "He also invented a 'variable camber' wing, patent for which he gave to Uncle Sam." — p. 13, col. 2, ¶ 8
- f "Many of them [medics] as well as many practicing scientists gather in Fresco's home or come to him for practical advice or a solution to some problem ..." — p. 13, col. 4, ¶ 3
- ^ Passenger List (Original Document). Los Angeles: U.S. Department of Labor Immigration and Naturalization. 13 Oct. 1939. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1939_-_Passenger_List_to_Hawaii_%28document%29.jpg.
- ^ Keyes, Ken; Fresco, Jacque (1969), "Our Values Chart Our Course", Looking Forward, New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., p. 46, ISBN 978-0-498-06752-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=z6fDAAAACAAJ
- "It took Fresco a while to grasp fully the significance of such a system of values based on need and use, instead of ownership." — p. 46, ¶ 3
- ^ a b c d e f g Gore, Jeff. (Oct. 13, 2011). "The View from Venus". Orlando Weekly (Orlando, FL). http://orlandoweekly.com/news/the-view-from-venus-1.1217175.
- a "This experience helped to shape what appears to be Fresco’s core ideological principle: that there is no such thing as “human nature,” and hence, a resource-based economy – the most logical and equitable system he can imagine – would not be imperiled by innate greed." — ¶ 20
- b "Letters exchanged between then-U.S. Senator Hubert Humphrey (who would later be elected vice president of the United States along with President Lyndon B. Johnson) and Gerald Barron, a California attorney and one-time U.S. House candidate who thought highly of Fresco. This correspondence occurred around the time the city of Washington, D.C., was planning its mass transit system. When Fresco finally met Humphrey, he recommended that the train be built above ground to save both financial and material resources; the top of the above-ground tunnel, Fresco argued, could be used as a raised pedestrian walkway."
- c "In 1969 Fresco built a prototype of the car, powered by a Villiers motorcycle engine placed behind the front wheel."
- d-e "Meadows designed multi-million dollar luxury homes for powerful real estate developers – how she would “prostitute” herself, she says – and Fresco consulted on aspiring inventors’ designs." — ¶ 23
- f "But it didn’t last – the partnership ended in April of this year..." — ¶ 22
- g "currently, they are raising funds for a “major motion picture” in which the protagonist would be modeled after Jacque Fresco." — ¶ 24
- ^ Jacque Fresco World War II Army Enlistment Records, The National Archives. Retrieved: 20 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d "A Trip To The Moon". The Miami Herald Sunday Magazine (Miami): pp. Section G. April 8, 1956. http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Newspapers/1956%20-%20MiamiHerald/Binder1.pdf.
- a "Fresco was a corporal with the Air Force design development division at Wright field for 18 months during World War II." — col. 2, ¶ 7
- b "For the past seven years he had operated his Scientific Research Laboratories in Los Angeles." — col. 2, ¶ 5
- c "He also worked as a movie technical adviser during the time." — col. 2, ¶ 6
- d "Fresco moved to Miami with his wife and 3-year old son about seven months ago "to escape Los Angeles smog." — col. 2, ¶ 5
- ^ "Wing Changes Its Camber", Popular Science. Vol. 150, No. 5: 115, (May 1947)., http://books.google.com/books?id=KiYDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA115&dq=jacque%20fresco%20popular%20science&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q&f=false
- "A hublike hydraulic jack unit, joining a number of flexible spars from points along the wing's edges, increases or decreases space between the wing's surfaces, thus giving the pilot constant control over the wing's performance."
- ^ "Hydraulic Jack to Alter Airplane Wing's Camber", Science News Letter. Vol. 50, No. 20: 310, (Nov. 16, 1946)., JSTOR 3923108
- "The old dilemma of the camber of an airplane's wings ... has challenged Jacque Fresco of Hollywood, Calif., for patent 2,410,056."
- ^ a b U.S. 2410056, Fresco, Jacque, "Variable Camber Wing", issued 11 January 1945
- b "The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon." — p. 1, col. 1, ¶ 1
- ^ Andreeva, Tamara, "The Buck Rogers Era of Aviation", Western Flying.: 17 (Nov. 1948).
- "Los Angeles designer Jacque Fresco who it is claimed is at least twenty years ahead of the current trends in aircraft design, predicts some interesting advances in aerodynamics." — p. 17, col. 1, ¶ 1
- ^ "$5000 Factory Built Home Offered to Solve Housing". Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles): pp. 17. March 03, 1947.
- "The basic design – there are 12 variations – is a four-room unit comprising two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, dinette, bath, garage, and patio. It measures 930 square feet overall, considerably more than the minimum set by federal housing agencies." — p. 17, ¶ 7
- ^ a b "New Home Built of Aluminum". Los Angeles Examiner (Los Angeles): pp. 7. June 02, 1948.
- a-b "...eight men working 10 hours can erect it – and it will cost only $5200 on a mass-produced basis." — p. 7, ¶ 3
- ^ "Aluminum Is Featured", Light Metal Age. Vol. 5: 25, (Sept. 1947)., http://books.google.com/books?id=wrQ7AAAAMAAJ
- "Aluminum is used as the chief material because of its light weight, high strength ratio, permanence, and ease of shop fabrication. Its light weight reduces shipping costs and permits fabrication of larger sections in the factory, while extending the radius or profitable marketing." — p. 25, ¶ 2
- ^ "$5000 Factory Built Home Offered to Solve Housing". Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles): pp. 17. March 25, 1947.
- "An "industrially designed" house built on factory assembly lines and selling for less that $5000 was previewed at the Ambassador Hotel today." — p. 17, ¶ 1
- ^ Wallach, Ruth, et al (2011), "Los Angeles: 1937-1947", Los Angeles in World War II, Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, pp. 48
- "...designed by Jacque Fresco and displayed at the Warner Brothers Sunset Studio at 1385 North Van Ness Avenue in Hollywood..." — p. 48
- ^ "Cancer Group Exhibits New Trend Home". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): pp. 8A. June 2, 1948. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/416031831.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+2%2C+1948&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=A8&desc=Aircraft+Men+Fly+Here+for+Conference.
- "Proceeds from the exhibition of the house, which is known as Trend Home, will be devoted to the building program of the Cancer Prevention Society, 2628 W Eighth St." — p. 8A, ¶ 2
- ^ "Aluminum Mass Produced House", Architectural Record. Vol. 104, No. 4: 32, (Oct. 1948).
- ^ "All-Aluminum Home Project To Start Soon". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): pp. 15J. Dec. 10, 1962.
- "63-home development to be built on Mt. Washington in Highland Park [...] the Alumanor development was begun in 1948, several prototypes having been built, sold and continuously occupied since 1950." — p. 15J, col. 1, ¶ 4
- ^ a b c "Third Dimension Films By Spring Are Forcast", Daily Variety. Vol. 175, No. 8, Aug. 03, 1949: 16, http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/DV-08-03-1949-16
- a "New process, invented by Jacques Fresco, who is partnered with Moss and Yergin" — p. 16, ¶ 2
- b "Third-dimensional films for both motion pictures and television were reported yesterday to have been developed to such a point that they will be ready for motion picture theatres and video by next spring." — p. 16, ¶ 1
- b "Previously declared an impossibility by experts, principle is now in final stages of perfection. New process, Moss declared, will be more revolutionary than sound. Cost of installing third-dimension for motion picture and television projectors will be minute according to Moss. A simple device will be attached to projector, and this will give films the third dimensional projection. There will be no costly overhaul of machines to install new principle of projection. Eastern banking and manufacturing interests are backing project. Process also is slated to play a vital part in medical x-rays and surgery." — p. 16, ¶ 3
- ^ "Claim Quick Method for 3-Dimension Pix", Variety. Vol. 175, No. 8, Aug. 03, 1949: 5, http://www.varietyultimate.com/archive/issue/WV-08-03-1949-5
- "Device will be demonstrated on the Coast Aug. 27 when its commercial feasibility for films and video will be tested." — p. 5, ¶ 2
- ^ Scientific Research Laboratories, California Secretary of State. Entity #: C0354076. Retrieved: 16 February 2011.
- ^ "Plastics With A Charge Have Magical Effects", Popular Mechanics. Vol. 104, No. 6: 149, (Dec. 1955)., http://books.google.com/books?id=wt0DAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA149&dq=jacque%20fresco%20popular%20mechanics&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false
- "It may be that in the future your umbrella will consist of nothing more than a small plastic knob on the end of a stick, if the research being done by Jacque Fresco in his small Los Angeles laboratory is successful." — p. 149, ¶ 1
- ^ Jacque Fresco (2006). Future By Design 0:18:50 (Digital Video). Docflix. http://dotsub.com/view/15872a88-fbfe-4b18-a47f-10e0ae06fa9f. Retrieved: 23 March 2011
- "I did thousands of different things. But this doctor took the patents out in his name." 19:00-19:05
- ^ Jacque Fresco (2006). Future By Design 0:19:50 (Digital Video). Docflix. http://dotsub.com/view/15872a88-fbfe-4b18-a47f-10e0ae06fa9f. Retrieved: 23 March 2011
- "I found it easy to invent. But then, inventions cost money. And I didn't have money for patents. So I used to make thousands of different inventions and just file them away because I had no money. I used to spend my savings, whatever I earned on what equipment that I needed. And if I was working on an artificial leg, and I was $200 behind, I would take my last $200 and work on that. And I'd solve that problem but then the rent would be due, and the electric bills, and I couldn't pay them. So the auctioneers would be sent in to auction off everything in my lab. So I had to sit back — I couldn't adjust ..." 19:20-20:05
- ^ "Auction". Los Angeles Times (LA): pp. 26. Oct. 23, 1949. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/420646211.html?dids=420646211:420646211&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+23%2C+1949&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Display+Ad+24+--+No+Title&pqatl=google.
- "Auction Thursday, Oct. 27th, at 10:30 A.M. on the premises of Scientific Research Laboratories 2835 Riverside Drive, L.A. Scientific & Experimental Eqpt. Machine Shop — Photo & Office"
- ^ Project Moonbase, Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 09 March 2011
- ^ Warren, Bill (1997), Keep Watching the Skies, Jefferson, NC: McFarland Classics, p. 145, ISBN 978-0-7864-0479-7, http://books.google.com/books?id=HplZAAAAMAAJ
- "The special effects by Jacques Fresco are surprisingly good for a television production." — p. 50
- ^ Miller, Ron (July 1993.), "Spaceflight & the Cinema", Acta Astronautica. Vol. 30: 388, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V1N-47YRGNC-9W&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1993&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1700342724&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5107c7b2b46741fca59990116ccb568e
- "The special effects are distinctly low budget though not at all ineffective. There are interesting spacecraft designed and modeled by Jacques Fresco." — p. 388, col. 2, ¶ 1
- ^ Johnson, John (1996), "Special Visual Effects", Cheap Tricks and Class Acts, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 50, ISBN 978-0-7864-0093-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=NHzeZZOUD6QC&lpg=PA50&dq=%22jacques%20fresco%22&pg=PA50#v=onepage&q&f=false
- "Ackerman also named Jacques Fresco, but Corman was working on a film that would cost less than $25000 to make, and he only had a few hundred to blow on his monster." — p. 50, ¶ 5
- ^ McGee, Mark Thomas (1984), Fast and Furious: the Story of American International Pictures, Sherman Oaks, CA: Mcfarland & Co, p. 21, ISBN 978-0-89950-091-1, http://books.google.com/books?id=DFIeAAAAMAAJ
- "'Well,' Forry drawled, 'there's a chap named Jacques Fresco that might be more in your price range. Do you want his number?' Not long after Roger was back on the phone to Forry. 'He wanted a thousand dollars!'" — p. 21, ¶ 3
- ^ The Naked Eye, Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 09 March 2011
- ^ Bonafede, Dom. (May 6, 1956). "License To Be Psychologist Easy To Come By In Florida". Miami Sunday News (Miami): pp. 24A.
- a "'In evaluating the education of applicants for membership in the APA we refuse to accept training taken at a college or university other than those listed in the publication of the U.S. Office of Education.'" — p. 24A, col. 3, ¶ 1
- ^ a b c d Roberts, Jack. (Aug. 7, 1978). "A Dreamer With A Plan For The Future". The Miami News (Miami): pp. 5A. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UzczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wOsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6158%2C2574833.
- a,b "In the 1960s he was trying to get people to build his city and take an interest in a three-wheel car he developed which has only 32 parts." — p. 5A, col. 2, ¶ 1
- ^ I. "Forum Scheduled". Miami News (Miami): pp. 6A. May 16, 1957.
- "Miami psychologist Dr. Jacque Fresco will speak at 8 p.m. Saturday before the Spinoza Outdoor Forum ..."
II. "Stupidity Introduced". Miami News (Miami): pp. 5B. July 3, 1958.
- "Jacque Fresco, a behaviorist, will talk about an 'Introduction to Stupidity" at a noon luncheon next Tuesday of the Miami Beach Lodge of B'nai B'rith at the di Lido Hotel."
III. "This Week In Miami". Miami News (Miami): pp. 6A. January 26, 1958.
- "Spinoza Outdoor Forum, 11th Street between Collins Avenue and Ocean Drive, Miami Beach, 8 p.m., Dr. Abraham Wolfson and Dr. Jacque Fresco, speakers."
- ^ Rau, Herb. (Feb. 10, 1961). "Dateline Miami". The Miami News (Miami): pp. 3B.
- "Tipster says a man named Jacques Fresco, in the S.W. section, has 'perfected' an automobile that can be mass-produced for $700, the vehicle having only 32 moving parts."
- ^ Tyler, Sharon. (July 8, 1968). "Technocratic Age Coming For U.S.". Miami Herald (Miami).
- "the inventor of a 32-part car, which lies unfinished in a garage due to lack of funds." — ¶ 8
- ^ a b "$2,950 House Shell Made of Aluminum". New York Times (New York): pp. 1R, 8R. May 28, 1961.
- a "The shell was developed in consultation with Prof. Pietro Belluschi, dean of architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; C. Frederick Wise, architect, of Rosemont, Pa.; and Jacques Fresco, industrial designer of Miami, Fla." — p. 8R, ¶ 3
- b "The basic price of $2,950 includes an aluminum shell, consisting of the walls and roof [...] The company estimates that a complete house, including land, will sell for about $7,500." — p. 1R, ¶ 2
- ^ I. "We've Changed The Rules", Popular Science. Vol. 190, No. 3: 215, (March 1967)., http://books.google.com/books?id=4yADAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA215&dq=jacque%20fresco%20science&pg=PA215#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ^ Fresco, Jacque., "Project Americana: Man in the World of Tomorrow", Feedback. Vol. 1, No. 5, May 1961.: 6
- ^ Dunn, Kristine. (June 5, 1962). "Big Break Needs Break". Miami News (Miami): pp. 4B.
- "CBS (Canadian Broadcasting) has approached Channel 2's Fred Fischer and Miamian Jacques Fresco's about a series on Fresco's ideas after Fischer guested Fresco on his past two Friday night shows." — p. 4B, col. 2, ¶ 1
- ^ a b Cross, Michael S., "Review: 'Looking Forward'", Library Journal. Vol. 94, 1970.: 612
- a "This is in many ways an attractive speculation, based here on rationalist-humanist premises..." — p. 612, col. 3
- b "Using as illustration a typical 21st-century couple, the authors picture an ideal cybernetic society in which want has been banished and work and personal possessions no longer exist; individual gratification is the total concern." — p. 612, col. 3
- ^ Pounds, Ralph L.; Bryner, James R. (1973), The School in American Society (3rd ed.), New York/London: The Macmillan Co., p. 589, http://books.google.com/books?id=E36dAAAAMAAJ
- "Keyes and Fresco, in their recent utopia Looking Forward, indicate clearly what the choices are: ... All three factors interact with each other. The value structure not only influences the method of thinking and the technology, but it is, in turn, influenced by them. The method of thinking that man employs is affected by his value structure and the technology of the age, but it also plays a part in modifying both of these. Similarly, the technology of any given civilization interacts in a mutual way with the value structure and the methods of thinking. These pregnant factors might be viewed as three gears that mesh with each other." — p. 589, ¶ 1
- ^ Maynard, Elliot (2006), "Planetary and Solar Resource Management", Beyond Earth, Ontario: Apogee Books, pp. 195–196, ISBN 978-1-894959-41-4, http://books.google.com/books?id=p4BGAAAAYAAJ
- The concept of a Central Computer, which monitors and regulates global society, was envisioned by futurists Ken Keyes, Jr. and Jacque Fresco as early as 1969, when they described a six-foot diameter sphere named Corcen, which would network and integrate computerized information, and serve as a "knowledge bank" that would regulate the lives of individuals in future global society, and coordinate what they referred to as a 'humanized man-machine symbiosis.'" — p. 195, ¶ 3
- ^ Winetrout, Kenneth (Sept. 1972.), "Looking Forward Review", Etc. A Review of General Semantics. Vol. 29, No. 3: 327, http://books.google.com/books?id=S6qZAAAAIAAJ
- "Futurology achieves something of a consummation in Keyes and Fresco's Looking Forward. This book is representative of the anything-may-happen school ... The great merit of Looking Forward is that it asks us to face up to a world out of this world."
- ^ Key-Nee, William E. (1995), Plato's Ideal City as the Archetype for Paolo Soleri's Arcosanti and Jacque Fresco's Looking Forward, Tampa: University of South Florida, p. 112, http://books.google.com/books?id=dvL_NwAACAAJ
- ^ Sociocyberneering Inc., Florida Department of State Division of Corporations. Retrieved: 08 March 2011
- ^ a b Hagan, Alisa. (June 13, 1979). "Environmentalists Put City of Future On Display". Hollywood Sun Tattler (Hollywood, FL): pp. 1. http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Newspapers/1979%20-%20HollywoodSun-Tattler/Binder1.pdf.
- a,b "Fresco and his 250-member organization are not yet silent. They donate hours each week to research projects and draw blueprints of model cities, transit systems, airplanes and any other area of civilzed life needing improvement." — p. 1, ¶ 4
- ^ a b Hewitt, Paul G. (2010), "Rotational Motion", Conceptual Physics, Boston: Pearson/Addison-Wesley, p. 122, ISBN 978-0-13-137583-3
- a "I attended Fresco's dynamic series of weekly lectures in Miami Beach and sometimes at his home in Coral Gables."
- b "Charismatic Jacque has always been a futurist ... As a teacher, Jacque was and is the very best. He certainly was an enormous influence in my own teaching. He taught me to introduce concepts new to a student by first comparing them to familiar ones — teaching by analogy."
- ^ a b "Redesigning A Culture", Science News. Vol. 99, No. 26: 430, (June 26, 1971)., JSTOR 3955843
- ^ a b The Larry King Show (Aug. 19, 1974). Larry King Interview (Television). Miami: WTVJ 4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PN6puH9DYnQ.
- ^ a b Renick, Ralph; Abrell, Joe; Fresco, Jacque (January 26, 1974). Montage Interview (Television). Montage (WTVJ). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th7ogCI4oP4.
- ^ Cornish, Edward S. (1979), The Future, Washington, D.C.: World Future Society, p. 104, ISBN 978-0-930242-07-7, http://books.google.com/books?id=JpotAAAAMAAJ
- ^ Fresco, Jacque (1979), Structural Systems and Systems of Structure, Miami: Sociocyberneering Inc., pp. 2
- ^ Goldmark, Peter C.; Edson, Lee (1973), Maverick Inventor, New York: Saturday Review Press/E.P. Dutton & Co., p. 253, ISBN 978-0-8415-0046-4, http://books.google.com/books?id=DtBZf3c5e5IC
- "Finally, a Florida architect, Jacques Fresco, has devised a kind of self-contained, one mile-in-diameter city arranged in the form of concentric rings of high-rise buildings interconnected by additional buildings, the whole project resembling the spokes of a wheel ..." — p. 253, ¶ 2
- ^ The Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Annual Report (Original Document). Miami: The University of Miami. 1970.
- "Seminar: Sociocyberneering, a possible alternative to the future."
- ^ King, et al (Dec. 9, 1975). Panel Discussion (Radio.). Miami: WIOD. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd2NFbawsAQ&playnext=1&list=PLF4D1D173295CBA7C.
- ^ a b c d e Schmadeke, Steve (Oct. 27, 2002). "Venus Before Dawn". Naples Daily News (Naples, FL): pp. G1.
- a,b "Not surprisingly, there have been some setbacks to Fresco's grand vision. The biggest came in 1978 ... The group's plan collided with the Collier County zoning board ... Fresco says, 'So they all pulled out, they left.' ... Fresco sold his share of the Naples land and his Miami home ..."
- c "people who know Fresco call him one of the last true idealists, with a potent blend of inventiveness and obsession ... He's the rare idealist, they say, who has refused to make the normal accommodations with life."
- d "It's true that his ideas, with variations in scope not only have been tried in another era. They owe much to Technocratic thought, a 1930s movement advocating the reform of social structures under the guidance of scientists and engineers and writers like Paul Ehlrich."
- ^ Tice, Neysa. (Oct. 29, 1981). "Venus Is Headquarters For Sociocyberneering Research Center". Lake Placid Journal (Lake Placid, FL): pp. 1B. http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Newspapers/1981%20-%20LakePlacidJournal/Binder1.pdf.
- "'The future will be tremendous, once we unleash it,' he says from Sociocyberneering's Venus research center, founded 10 months ago." — p. 1B, ¶ 5
- ^ Eyman, Scott. (Jul 14, 1985). "The Great Idea Chase". The Sun Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL): pp. 7. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-07-14/features/8501280616_1_inventors-idea-garage.
- "To finance what they have done thus far, Fresco free-lances his designs for tools and prostheses to doctors and clients like Pratt and Whitney ..."
- ^ "Designing the Future of Hospitality", National Hotel Executive. March 2000 ; Hardy, John R., Venus's 'Utopia' May Remain Elusive, Yet Industry Values Should Be Questioned, pp. 6 ; Balfe, Christopher J., Venus Project Could Pave Vision for Lodging Industry, pp. 6 ; Wolff, Howard, Design Firm Credits Futuristic Concepts, pp. 7
- ^ a b c 7 News Features: The Venus Project (Digital Video). WSVN 7 News. 2009. http://www.wsvn.com/features/articles/specialreport/MI114870/.
- a "'Turkey wants me to come back and design a museum of the future, new city.'" — 03:55-03:59
- b "Maybe because it seems idealistic, or maybe it's hard to look ahead when the present is so bleak." — 00:01-00:09
- ^ a b Bodnar, Alex (July 2008.), "Future Vision", GO. Vol. 7, No. 7, http://www.thevenusproject.com/en/get-involved/media-archives
- a "Fresco and his partner have been invited to build a Museum of the future in Turkey and potentially an experimental city." — col. 2, ¶ 2
- b This and other achievements have earned him a following among innovators both young and old, some who compare the inventor to Nikola Tesla and other relatively obscure but prolific pioneers." — col. 2, ¶ 1
- ^ Feuer, Alan. (March 17, 2009). "They've Seen the Future and Dislike the Present". The New York Times (New York): pp. 24A. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/nyregion/17zeitgeist.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1299652976-EnCDt5NS2PPEiNF5bF23VA.
- "There, in the crowd, was Jacque Fresco, an industrial designer and the engineering guru of what people unironically called 'the movement.'"
- ^ Resource Based Economy Trademark, United States Patent & Trademark Office
- ^ RBOSE RBEF Atlas Initiative Z-Land
- ^ Face of the Future (Digital Video). TV New Zealand. 2010. http://tvnz.co.nz/close-up/there-future-money-irrelevant-3464715/video?vid=3464708. Retrieved: 23 March 2011
- "At 94, it's a future that Jacque will never see. But it won't stop him spending the next seven months traveling the globe promoting his vision. It's called the Venus Project and he says 50 million people around the world are now involved or aware of it." — 00:12-00:31
- ^ World Tour Lecture Dates
- ^ a b Newman, Alex (10 March 2011). "Zeitgeist and the Venus Project". The New American. http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/world-mainmenu-26/north-america-mainmenu-36/6640-zeitgeist-and-the-venus-project. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- a "The New American had an opportunity to spend the day with Fresco and his partner during the project's 28-country "World Tour" stop in Stockholm, Sweden." — ¶ 22
- b "Countless critics have drawn parallels between Fresco's vision and totalitarian systems that have wreaked havoc and death in the past such as communism, socialism, Marxism, and fascism. But Fresco rejects those comparisons." — ¶ 49
- ^ The Venus Project Tours
- ^ Tracy, Liz (November 19, 2011). "The Venus Project's Jacque Fresco Lectures Occupy Miami On His Visions Of A Utopian Future". Miami New Times (Miami, FL). http://blogs.miaminewtimes.com/riptide/2011/11/the_venus_projects_jacque_fres.php.
- ^ Research Center The Venus Project. Retrieved: 31 March 2011
- ^ Aims and Proposals The Venus Project. Retrieved: 31 March 2011
- ^ a b Social Security Death Index Master File: Isaac Fresco (Original Document). Social Security Administration.
- ^ a b Social Security Death Index Master File: Lena Fresco (Original Document). Social Security Administration.
- ^ a b Social Security Death Index Master File: David Fresco (Original Document). Social Security Administration.
- ^ a b David Fresco World War II Army Enlistment Records, The National Archives. Retrieved: 09 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Blacklisted Actor Rebuilt Career". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). July 26, 1997. http://articles.latimes.com/1997/jul/26/news/mn-16533.
- a "David Fresco, 87, a blacklisted character actor ... resurrected his career in the 1960s ... in 1956 he was cast, then pulled from the film "You Can't Run Away From It" because he refused to name names before the House Un-American Activities Committee."
- b "Nearly a decade later, Fresco resumed his career on television. He appeared in such popular series as 'Bewitched,' 'Get Smart,' 'Hill Street Blues,' 'X-Files' and 'Murder One.' Recent films have included 'Liar Liar' and 'The Little Princess.'"
- ^ "Red Line In Stage Revues Admitted". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): pp. 6. March 24, 1953. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/426299891.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+24%2C+1953&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Hit+Shows+Red-Tinged%2C+Probe+Learns.
- ^ David Fresco, Internet Movie Database. Retrieved: 09 March 2011.
- ^ Florida Divorce Index (Original Document). Miami, FL: Florida Department of Health. July 1957. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1957_-_Florida_Divorce_%28document%29.jpg.
- ^ I. "2 Sikh Converts Charged By Army". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): pp. 2. Sept. 20, 1973. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/643059092.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+20%2C+1973&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=2&desc=TURBAN+DISPUTE.
- "The lawyer, Robert Rivkin, said his clients were James Broadwell, 21, a tank driver, of Superior, Wisconsin, and Richard Fresco, 20, a scout car observer from Miami." — p. 2, ¶ 2
II. "News in Brief: A special U.S. Army". The Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): pp. 2. Oct. 28, 1973. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/643206832.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+28%2C+1973&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%281923-Current+File%29&edition=&startpage=2&desc=News+in+Brief.
- "A special U.S. Army court-martial in Wuerzburg, West Germany; sentenced two soldiers who converted to the Sikh religion of India last September to three months' confinement at hard labor: Pvt. Richard Fresco, 20. of Miami, Fla., and Pfc. James K. Broadwell, 21, of Superior, Wis."
- ^ Social Security Death Index Master File: Richard Fresco (Original Document). Social Security Administration.
- ^ Bambi Fresco Obituary, Tributes.com. Retrieved: 09 March 2011.
- ^ a b c d Notaro, Anna (Dec/Jan 2005.), "Imagining the Cybernetic City: The Venus Project", Nebula. Vol. 2, No. 4: 1–20, http://www.nobleworld.biz/images/Notaro.pdf
- a "Etzler pre-dates Fresco ... by a century, but his approach has similarities, not just in the potential for technology to minimize the need for menial labor, but also for his emphasis on the practical attainability of a better world." — p. 12, ¶ 1
- d Similarly to Soleri, another visionary architect, R. Buckminster Fuller devoted his imaginative efforts to respond to the challenges posed by the modern world. Like in the case of Jacque Fresco, Fuller's motivation was an acute social awareness of the profound economic disparities which characterize our 'supposedly' advanced way of living. Although Fuller did not come up with a whole new blueprint for humanity, he sought to 'do more with less' ..." — p. 9
- ^ a b c d e Grønborg, Morten (2010.), "The World According to Fresco", Future Orientation. Iss. 1: 15–19, http://www.iff.dk/scripts/artikel.asp?id=2045&lng=2
- a "The idea isn't unlike Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities of Tomorrow, see page 38, though naturally it is infinitely more modern." — p. 18, col. 2, ¶ 1
- b "The tight-knit metropolitan society is the key to the project, see page 39, which proposes a tabula rasa approach ..."
- e "His followers – many of them with roots in The Zeitgeist Movement — call him 'a modern Da Vinci'." — p. 18, col. 1, ¶ info box
- ^ Humphries, Maria; St Jane, Michelle (2011.), "Transformative Learning in Troubling Times: Investing in Hope", Society and Business Review. Vol 6, No. 1: 31, http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1907002&show=abstract
- "'No where have we really overcome what Thorstein Veblen called 'the predatory phase' of human development. The observable economic facts belong to that phase and even such laws as we can derive from them are not applicable to other phases' (Einstein, 1949). Jaques Fresco ... takes a similar view. Business and monetary economies generally he argues are predatory — devised to serve business and the monetary economies — not humanity." — p. 31, ¶ 1
- ^ a b Catran, Jack., "Man in Society", Feedback. Vol. 1, No. 5, May 1961.: 1
- ^ a b c Coulter, Arthur., "The Venus Project: A Review", Journal of the Synergetic Society No. 247, Oct. 1996.: 10
- a It is based on evolution by design, addressed to real human needs, not the blind pursuit of more wealth by the wealthy which now dominates the political and economic processes. [...] It does not call for revolution or resort to the political process [...]" — p. 10, ¶ 9
- b Many years ago, the Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon, wrote an essay, "The Body Physiologic and the Body Politic". In it he pointed out that the human system was organized to provide a stable internal environment for the cells and tissues of the body. Building on the work of Claude Bernard, he introduced the term "homeostasis" to describe this state. If the cells need more glucose, the system responds by providing more glucose, for example. Cannon suggested that our economic/political system should be similarly organized. Over 60 years later, the Venus Project may provide a way to achieve this.
- c Instead of "urban renewal" — which achieves so little and costs so much and mostly makes the rich richer — the Project envisions designing new cities — "cities that think". — p. 10, ¶ 9
- ^ Smitha, Elaine. (2011), Screwing Mother Nature for Profit, London: Watkins Publishing, p. 74, ISBN 978-1-78028-018-9, http://books.google.com/books?id=lNeJ1QdtupQC
- "It is an integrated system, just like the human body. All aspects of it function with a unified goal of a healthy, self-sustaining system. Fresco's designs also interface with comfort and utility. He bases his concept on the capacity of the human body to be efficient, flexible, strong and enduring, integrally supported by a neatly packaged organized system of blood and extracellular fluids. Each relies on the other, and some cells even multitask when the need is there. Nature must be in harmony to efficiently function, to make the flowers bloom and emit a fragrant perfume. Harmony is our goal in life and in business, just as it is in biology. " — p. 74, ¶ 5
- ^ Fresco, Jacque. (1977). "Lecture: Functional Ethics." Classic Lecture Series 1. (Audio). Venus/Miami, FL: The Venus Project, Inc..
- ^ a b Fresco, Jacque (1977), Introduction to Sociocyberneering, Miami: Lidiraven Books., pp. 17, 20
- a "The March of Events are not stopped by political or ideological movements. At most, they may be temporarily slowed. The forces of social evolution press onward, ultimately forcing the required change." — p. 17, ¶ 2
b "This concept can be compared to a luxury liner, which is designed to serve all the needs of the passengers. The TES will have redundant technical, mechanical, and electrical systems to continue service in the event of failure. — p. 20, ¶ 3
- ^ Fresco, Jacque. (2002). Self-erecting Structures (DVD). Venus, FL: The Venus Project, Inc..
- ^ a b Thomas, Mike (Feb. 12, 1995). "He's A Dreamer From Venus". The Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, FL): pp. 26. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1995-02-12/news/9502100636_1_venus-project-jacque-trees.
- b "Jacque is 78, brilliant by his own account, eccentric by mine." — p. 26, ¶ 2
- ^ a b Sanchez, Marcello (2010). U.S. Has Never Been A Democracy (Digital Video). Russia Today. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qlgzTlAvOo.
- a,b "He has been labeled as a genius, a prophet, a visionary, and sometimes as an eccentric and dismissed as an utopian dreamer." — 00:01-00:09
- ^ a b "Detour Article", Detour., (1997)., http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Magazines/1997%20-%20Detour.New%20York/Binder1.pdf
- a "The amiable and erudite visionary believes that 'the intelligent application of science and technology' will provide the bridge to cross over into new thinking ..."
- b "Fresco is not alone in his ambitions visionary Italian architect Paolo Soleri has been pursuing his vision of a brave new world at Arcosanti, an experimental community in the high desert of Arizona ..."
- ^ Jenrette, David. (Feb. 11, 1971.), "Jacques Fresco", Gold Coast Free Press. Vol. 1, No. 1: 10
- "Fresco is not of this time, he is a prophet of days to come, an emissary of the future ..."
- ^ a b c Goldberg, Michelle (Feb. 02, 2011). "Brave New World". The Tablet. http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/57732/brave-new-world/. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- a,b "It's a global organization devoted to a kind of sci-fi planetary communism ..." ¶ 4
- c "At 96, the bearded, impish Fresco suddenly has a large global following ..." — ¶ 19
- ^ Donovan, Travis W. (March 16, 2010). "The Zeitgeist Movement: Envisioning A Sustainable Future". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/travis-walter-donovan/the-zeitgeist-movement-en_b_501517.html. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- "Fresco was lively and animated as he guided the audience through a visual presentation of his conceptual ideas and models for sustainable technology. Wowing the crowd with images that seemed of science fiction ..." — ¶ 11
- ^ Gilonis, Samuel (21 February 2011). "The Cult of Zeitgeist". Wessex Scene. http://www.wessexscene.co.uk/features/2011/02/21/the-cult-of-zeitgeist/. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ "Peter Joseph, Jacque Fresco and the Zeitgeist Movement: Venus Flytrap or Final Solution?". The Sovereign Independent. Feb. 7, 2011. http://www.sovereignindependent.com/?p=13193. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- "Fresco spoke at the 10th anniversary of the UN's Earth charter last year and subsequently attended Mikael Gorbachev's congress, which you will find on thevenusproject.com hidden away in the Netherlands section. Hell, even if for some reason you think rubbing shoulders with those mid level elites is okay, what about Fresco's co-speaker Ervin Laszlo, (who he "spent time with") who founded the Club of Budapest, with Aurelio Peccei, founder of the Club of Rome, full of lovely illuminati globalists, who want a one world order, unified, worshipping the Earth, under a new age religion." — ¶ 7
- ^ a b "Welcome to the Future Review", Video Librarian. Vol. 13, No. 5: 66, (Oct. 1998).
- "Futurist Jacque Fresco's vision of the new society ... has more than a faint Marxist-utopian ring to it, except that in Fresco's world — a kind of Bucky Fuller landscape on steroids ..." — ¶ 1
- ^ Swan, Rhonda (May 1, 2009). "A Dream Worth Having". The Palm Beach Post (W. Palm Beach, FL): pp. 12A. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB.
- "For many, the notion of such a world conjures up those dreaded words socialism and communism ..."
- ^ Murphy, Robert P. (Aug. 30, 2010). "Venus Needs Some Austrians". Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://mises.org/daily/4636. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ Fresco, Jacque. (2007). Great Expectations (DVD). Stockholm, Sweden: Solaris Filmproduktion..
- ^ a b c Kuznetsov, Yevgeny; Vakhshtayn, Viktor; Filonovich, Sergey; Khramkova, Ekaterina. (December 22, 2011). Knowledge Stream 10: Engineer for an Ideal Future (Video). Moscow, Russia: Digital October.. http://digitaloctober.com/event/jacque_fresco.
- ^ Olsen-Rule, Nikolina (2010.), "Utopian Spaces", Future Orientation. Iss. 1: 41, http://www.iff.dk/scripts/artikel.asp?id=2049&lng=2
- ^ Grønborg, Morten (2010.), "Editorial: Utopia", Future Orientation. Iss. 1: 5, http://www.iff.dk/scripts/artikel.asp?id=2043&lng=2
- ^ Obrist, Hans-Ulrich (Dec. 2007.), "Futures, Cities", Journal of Visual Culture. Vol. 6, No. 3: 360, http://vcu.sagepub.com/content/6/3/359.extract
- ^ "The Venus Project", The Futurist. Vol. 29, No. 6: 66, (Nov/Dec. 1995).
- "Visionary engineer Jacque Fresco has just published a book describing the Venus Project, a model cybernetic city of the future ..." — ¶ 1
- ^ a b "Thinking Big About the Future", The Futurist. Vol. 36, No. 3: 61, (May/June 2002).
- a "In The Best that Money Can't Buy, visionary engineer Jacque Fresco presents a richly illustrated description of a cybernetically enhanced world system that allows all humanity to benefit." — ¶ 1
- ^ Conn, David R. (Oct. 1, 2007.), "Future By Design Review", Library Journal. Vol. 132, No. 16: 101
- "Fresco is often compared to R. Buckminster Fuller, but in this presentation he lacks Fuller's transcendence."
- ^ Fresco, Jacque (May/June 1994.), "Designing the Future", The Futurist. Vol. 28, No. 3: 30, http://www.thevenusproject.com/images/stories/archived-media/Magazines/1994%20-%20The%20Futurist.May/Binder1.pdf
- "Jacque Fresco invites comparison with the late R. Buckminster Fuller and Paolo Soleri. All three may be classed as comprehensive designers seeking to realize in practical terms their grand visions of a better future world. All three dreamed on a grandiose scale and then struggled with the nitty-gritty details of realizing their great dreams — at least in some measure — in concrete form."
- ^ Weist, Jerry (2002), Bradbury: An Illustrated Life, New York: HarperCollins, p. 13, ISBN 978-0060011826, http://books.google.com/books/about/Bradbury.html?id=oFh2QgAACAAJ
- " [Ray Bradbury is] "a coruscating Roman candle in the pyrotechnical company of H. G. Wells, Aldous Huxley, Philip Wylie, Jacque Fresco, Hugo Gernsback, Arthur C. Clarke, Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein, and, yes Edgar Rice Burroughs, whom he loves. Keep on chronicling, 0 beloved Barsoomian in earthly disguise." — p. 13
- ^ Doug Drexler (2006). Doug Drexler Interview (Digital Video). Docflix. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBHmjr6fZ8A. Retrieved: 23 March 2011
- ^ a b Feldman, Karen (January 24, 1997). "A Future Without Money". Philadelphia Tribune (Philadelphia, PA): pp. 4B.
- a "Clarke has sent him the names of people who might be able to help him get exposure and financial backing to build his first city, an experimental one." — p. 4B, col. 2, ¶ 12
- b "Dr. Art Coulter, professor emeritus of the University of North Carolina, also found Fresco s vision impressive ... Coulter, a biomedical engineer, said one of its best features is its emphasis 'that it should be done not for profit, but to meet the needs of human beings.'" — p. 4B, col. 2, ¶ 15
- ^ Eisner, Bruce (Jan. 16, 2004). "The Venus Project Aims at Redesigning Our Culture". Bruce Eisner's Vision Thing. http://www.bruceeisner.com/new_culture/2004/01/the_venus_proje.html. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- "The Venus Project has similar aims to the Island Sanctuary Project. Both believe that our culture is due for an upgrade."
- ^ "Author Interviews: Paul G. Hewitt". Pearson. 2003. http://forms.pearsonhighered.com/forms/authorinterviews/interview.jsp?id=19. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- "There are three big influences. First is Burl Grey ... Then there was his friend, Jacque Fresco, who demonstrated inspirational teaching in his public lectures about building a saner world via technology. The third is dear friend Ken Ford ... All three greatly inspired me to be inspirational to others."
- ^ Catran, Jack (1980), Is There Intelligent Life On Earth?, Sherman Oaks, California: Lidiraven Books, p. 211, ISBN 978-0-936162-29-4, http://books.google.com/books?id=LxvXAAAAMAAJ
- ^ Shostak, Arthur B. (2005), Futuristics: Looking Ahead, Chelsea House Publishers, p. 7, ISBN 978-0-7910-8401-4, http://books.google.com/books?id=xLt14AXX6MgC&lpg=PP1&dq=futuristics&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false
- "Jacque Fresco and Roxanne Meadows shared their extraordinary artwork. Many whose ideas are not aired directly in the book nevertheless made a vital contribution."
- ^ "Jacques Fresco Honorary Guide of the Raelian Movement" (website). RaelianNews.org. 24 Oct 2008. http://raelianews.org/news.php?item.347.6. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- "Rael has bestowed the title of Honorary Guide of the Raelian Movement to Jacques Fresco." — ¶ 1
- ^ Exemplar Zero Lifetime Achievement Award. Retrieved: 30 March 2011.
- "Exemplar-Zero are proud to announce that futurist Jacque Fresco has been designated the Inaugural E-Z Awardee for Lifetime Achievement. The E-Z Awards will take place in Summer 2011." — News & Events
- ^ Sustainatopia Honors '12, Sustainatopia.com
| Persondata |
| Name |
Fresco, Jacque |
| Alternative names |
|
| Short description |
Author, scientist and futurist |
| Date of birth |
1916-03-13 |
| Place of birth |
United States |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
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