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City of Albany, Georgia
—  City  —
Official seal of City of Albany, Georgia Seal
Nickname(s): The Good Life City, The Artesian City
Location in Dougherty County and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″W / 31.58222°N 84.16556°W / 31.58222; -84.16556Coordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″W / 31.58222°N 84.16556°W / 31.58222; -84.16556
Country	United States
State	Georgia
County	Dougherty
Incorporated (city)	December 27 1838
Government
• Mayor	Dorothy Hubbard (D)
Area
• City	55.9 sq mi (144.7 km2)
• Land	55.5 sq mi (144.8 km2)
• Water	0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2)
Elevation	203 ft (62 m)
Population (2010)[1]
• City	77,434 (city proper)
• Density	1,385.5/sq mi (535.0/km2)
• Metro	157,308
	2010 metro pop.[2]
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code(s)	31701, 31705, 31707, 31721, 31763
Area code(s)	229
FIPS code	13-01052[3]
GNIS feature ID	0310424[4]
Website	[4]

Albany is a city in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state.^[5] It is the principal city of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area and the southwest part of the state. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the ninth-largest city in Georgia.^[1]

History[link]

The area where Albany is located was formerly inhabited by the Creek Indians. They called it Thronateeska after their word for "flint" because of the mineral flint that was found near the river.^[6] The Creeks used this flintstone to make tools and weapons such as arrowheads.

European-American settlement began with Nelson Tift, a businessman from Connecticut, who took land along the Flint River in October 1836 after Indian removal. The Creek were forced to relocate to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Tift named his new town Albany after the capital of New York; both were located at the navigable heads of rivers. Alexander Shotwell laid out the town in 1836. It was incorporated as a city by an act of the General Assembly of Georgia on December 27, 1838.^[7]

The area was developed by planters using slave labor for clearing land and cotton cultivation. By 1840, Dougherty County was majority black, comprised overwhelmingly enslaved. The center of cotton plantations, Albany was in a prime location for shipping cotton to markets by steamboats on the river. In 1858 Tift hired Horace King, a former slave and bridge builder, to construct a toll bridge over the river. King's bridge toll house still stands.

Already important as a shipping port, Albany later became an important railroad hub in southwestern Georgia. Seven lines were constructed to the town. An exhibit on trains is located at the Thronateeska Heritage Center in the former railroad station.

While integral to the economic life of the town, the Flint River has flooded regularly. There was extensive property damage in 1841 and 1925. Late twentieth-century floods have been extreme. In 1994, a severe flood was caused by rainfall from Tropical Storm Alberto; it killed 14 people and displaced 22,000. The state supported a $150 million renovation of the Albany State University campus to repair storm damage and accomplish upgrades. In addition, new housing was built on the south side of town to replace what had been destroyed. In 1998, the Flint River crested at 35 feet (11 m) above its bed and flooded parts of the city.

Because of flooding, the city has decided against redeveloping areas along the riverfront floodplain for commercial or residential purposes. It is being improved for other uses, with a riverfront walkway and a new aquarium built over a tributary creek.

On February 10, 1940, a severe tornado hit Albany, killing eighteen people and caused large-scale damage.

On April 11, 1906, the Carnegie Library, created by matching funds from the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, was opened downtown. Originally a segregated facility under Jim Crow laws, it was not open to African Americans until after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It functioned as a library through 1985. In 1992, after renovation, the building was reopened as the headquarters of the Albany Area Arts Council.

In 1912, the downtown U.S. Post Office and Courthouse building opened. Other federal projects have been important to the city and region. In 1937, Chehaw Park was constructed as a part of a New Deal program under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression.

Major changes came with the expansion of military facilities in the city. A U.S. Army Air Corps training base was built near Albany, with construction of the base and of the airfield by the Army Corps of Engineers beginning in March 25, 1941. The airfield was temporarily deactivated after World War II, between August 15, 1946 and September 1, 1947.

After the beginning of the Cold War and the founding of the U.S. Air Force in late 1947, the airfield was reactivated and upgraded with runways for a U.S. Air Force base. It was named Turner Air Force Base. The Air Force used this base for very heavy bomber jets, such as the B-52 Stratofortress. A number of other Air Force units were also housed at this Air Force Base. ^[8] as the base was renamed. Among them were the 1370th Photomapping Group,^[9] and refueling and maintenance functions. The Turner Air Force Base was abandoned by the Air Force. In 1951, the U.S. Marine Corps established a logistics base on the eastern outskirts of Albany. During the 1950s and 1960s, so many white servicemen and associated workers arrived that the town briefly became majority white for the first time since 1870.

In 1967 the base was transferred to the U.S. Navy for its use. Naval Air Station Albany was used as the shore base of nearly all the Navy's RA-5C Vigilante twin-jet, carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft. This naval base was permanently deactivated and relinquished to civilian control in 1974.

In 1979, the Miller Brewing Company purchased part of the old naval base's property to build a new brewing plant.^[10]

In 1960, the population of Albany reached 50,000 people. In 1961–1962, African Americans in Albany played a prominent role in the Civil Rights Movement (see the Albany Movement). They led protests and non-violent demonstrations to end segregation of public facilities, gain the ability to vote, and restore their dignity. Assisted by activists from SCLC, CORE, SNCC, and the NAACP, African Americans and supporters took a stand to fight segregation through nonviolence. The city repealed its Jim Crow laws in 1963, but it took federal legislation to secure the franchise.

The decline in military bases and railroad restructuring led to job losses. Much of the remaining white population moved to suburbs and newer housing out of the city, which became majority African American in the 1970s. Struggling with a poor economy, in 1988, Albany made national headlines as the "Murder Capital of America," with the highest murder rate per capita in the United States. Other cities have since taken that title.

In 2011, Albany made headlines when Tom Knighton, owner of Knighton Media, Inc, announced that his company was purchasing The Albany Journal. Knighton Media was formed to managed Knighton's blog, Laws-n-Sausages, and this was the first known time that a blog had purchased a newspaper anywhere in the world.^[11][12][13]

Geography[link]

Albany is located at (31.582273, −84.165557)^[14].

The total area is 0.59% water. Albany lies in a belt of historically rich farmland in the East Gulf coastal plain, on the banks of the Flint River.

Topography[link]

Albany lies in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia.^[15]

Tree Canopy[link]

As of 2010, the City of Albany had been a member of The Arbor Day Foundation's Tree City USA Program for 23 years.^[16] Tree lined streets are common, with large, mature oaks and other native trees. The City has a Tree Ordinance^[17] and a Certified Arborist on staff.^[18]

Parks, Gardens, Trails[link]

Parks[link]

The City of Albany's Recreation and Parks Department provides a diverse and comprehensive system of 77 park facilities throughout the City of Albany. Including the following:

• Community Centers
  • Bill Miller Community Center
  • Carver Community Center
  • Carver Gymnasium
  • Henderson Community Center
  • Jackson Heights Fitness and Wellness Center
  • Lockett Station Community Center
  • Thornton Community Center
  • Turner Gymnasium

• Pools
  • Carver Pool
  • Tift Pool

• Athletic Complexes
  • Gordon Sports Complex
  • Carver Sports Complex
  • Highland Sports Complex
  • Eames Sports Complex
  • Ken Gardens Sports Complex

• Public Golf Course
  • Flint River Golf Course

^[19]

Gardens[link]

Albany's Garden Club was established in 1996 and is located on the northeast side of Hillsman Park in the Palmyra Heights Neighborhood.^[20]

Trails[link]

The Riverfront Trail Albany's Riverfront Trail is a 2.4 mile paved trail along the Flint River that connects Riverfront Park in Downtown Albany to the Cox Landing Boat Ramp in Northeast Albany, near Chehaw Park. The Oxford Environmental Park Nature Trail is an off-shoot of the trail, which provides information about the ecological features of the area.^[21]

Neighborhoods[link]

It has been suggested that East Albany, Georgia be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2011.

• Albany State University
• Arcadia
• Avalon
• Avondale
• Catalina Beach Estates
• Central Business District
• CME
• Coachman Park
• Colonial Forest
• Colonial Village
• Columbia Heights
• Country Club Estates
• Culver Park
• Cutliff
• Dixieland
• East Gate
• East Towne
• Emily G. Henderson
• Flintland
• Gordon Heights/Clearview
• Grove Park
• Isabella Heights
• Jackson Heights
• Maple City
• Massey
• Mayfair Haven
• North Radium Springs
• Northend
• Palmyra Heights
• Ragsdale
• River Road/Charity Lane
• Riverview
• Sandy Bottom
• Shakelford/Mulberry Heights
• West Highlands
• West Town

This is a work in progress...^[22]

Climate[link]

Demographics[link]

MSA[link]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Albany, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had an estimated population of 157,308 and ranked 252nd in the U.S. in 2010.^[24] The MSA consists of Dougherty, Terrell, Lee, Worth, and Baker Counties.

City[link]

The postmodern Albany Government Center downtown

As of the census of 2010, there were 77,434 people, 29,781 households, and 18,515 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,385.5 people per square mile (535.0/km²). There were 33,436 housing units at an average density of 577.3 per square mile (222.9/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 71.6% African American and Black, 25.2% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

Of the 29,781 total households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.7% were married couples living together, 27.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. Households of individuals living alone made up 31.8% of the total, and 9.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 males age 18 and over, there were 116.7 females.

The median household income in the city was $25,191, and the median income for a family was $35,067. Males had a median income of $31,104 versus $27,407 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,117. About 31.9% of families and 39.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55.4% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those persons age 65 and over.^[25]

Economy[link]

An M88 Recovery Vehicle at the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany undergoes depot maintenance in 2005.

Today, although the city is surrounded by pecan groves, pine trees, farms and plantations, almost none of the population is employed in agriculture. It is heavily mechanized.

Health care, education and the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany are the largest employers. Manufacturing, transportation, and retail trade are also important foundations of Albany's economy and the city acts as a hub for commerce in southwest Georgia.

On December 17, 2008, Cooper Tire and Rubber, one of Albany's largest employers, announced plans to close the local manufacturing facility. Approximately 1,400 employees at the plant were projected to lose their jobs.

Business environment[link]

As a result of the recent economic downturn, unemployment remains higher in Albany than the state average. Albany continues to add more new jobs while other portions of the state are trying to stem the tide of joblessness. ^[26]

Albany provides opportunities to new businesses by providing a skilled workforce, continual upgrades to its infrastructure, improvements in public safety, such as its ISO fire rating of 2,^[27] and numerous economic development initiatives, such as its Opportunity Zone which offers a $3,500 tax credit per job created.^[28]

Top eight non-governmental employers in Dougherty County[link]

(excludes the City of Albany, Dougherty County, and the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany)

• Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital
• Procter & Gamble
• Albany State University
• Miller Brewing Company
• Teleperformance USA
• Coats and Clark, Inc.
• BellSouth Telecommunications
• United Parcel Service

Companies[link]

• Georgia Pacific Corp.
• MARS Snackfood US
• Mediacom
• Sherwood Pictures
• Thrush Aircraft
• Nilo Pecans

Arts and culture[link]

Museums and the arts[link]

• Albany Area Arts Council [5]
• The Albany Chorale [6]
• Albany Civic Center
• The Albany Concert Association [7]
• Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum [8]
• Albany Municipal Auditorium
• Albany Museum of Art [9]
• Ballet Theatre South [10]
• The Albany Symphony Orchestra [11]
• Flint RiverQuarium [12]
• Chehaw [13] has one of two accredited zoos in the State of Georgia
• RiverQuarium Imagination Theater^[29]
• Theatre Albany [14]
• Thronateeska Heritage Center [15]
• Weatherbee Planetarium^[30]

In addition, the city sponsors an annual music festival.

Registered historic places[link]

• Albany District Pecan Growers' Exchange
• Albany Housefurnishing Company
• Albany Municipal Auditorium^[31][32]
• Albany Railroad Depot Historic District
• Bridge House (Albany, Georgia)^[33]
• Carnegie Library of Albany
• Davis-Exchange Bank Building
• John A. Davis House
• Lustron House at 1200 Fifth Avenue
• Lustron House at 711 Ninth Avenue
• Mount Zion Baptist Church^[34]
• New Albany Hotel^[35]
• Old St. Teresa's Catholic Church
• Rosenberg Brothers Department Store
• Samuel Farkas House
• St. Nicholas Hotel
• Tift Park
• U.S. Post Office and Courthouse^[36]
• Union Depot (Albany, Georgia)
• W. E. Smith House

Sports[link]

^[37]

Memorials and sights[link]

• Albany Civil Rights Memorial
• Albany Railroad Depot Historic District
• Astronauts Memorial
• Confederate Memorial Park
• Freedom Flame
• Freedom Walk
• The Guardian
• Radium Springs – one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia
• RiverFront Park
• Ray Charles Plaza
• Royal Air Force Memorial
• Veterans Park

Festivals and events[link]

Nights@Dtown[link]

A monthly arts and music celebration in downtown Albany, always something new and exciting. Held on the 4th Friday of each month ^[38]

Albany marathon and 1/2 marathon[link]

The race is a 26.2 mile full marathon or a 13.1 mile half, and is ranked as one of the top Boston qualifiers in the country, with almost 20% of all marathon finishers qualifying. This year the event will be held on Sunday March 3, 2012.^[39]

Government[link]

Elected officials include a mayor and six city commissioners, all of whom serve four-year terms. The commissioners represent the wards from which they are elected. There is also an appointed city manager who acts as the chief administrative officer. The city has been governed by a city commission and city manager since January 14, 1924.^[40]

City departments include:

• Airport
• Albany Fire Department
• Albany Police Department
• Albany Transit System
• Central Services
• City Attorney
• Civic Center
• Code Enforcement
• Community and Economic Development
• Engineering
• Equal Employment Office (EEO)
• Finance Department
• Human Resources
• Information Technology
• Keep Albany-Dougherty Beautiful
• Municipal Court
• Planning and Development
• Public Works
• Recreation and Parks Department

^[41]

Education[link]

Private schools[link]

Several private schools provide primary and secondary education including:

• Far Horizons Montessori School
• Deerfield-Windsor School
• Sherwood Christian Academy
• Byne Memorial Baptist School
• St. Teresa's Catholic School
• Life Christian School
• A School for Children (The Vertical High School Academy)
• Young Unlimited Minds Institute (YUMI)
• New Beginning Christian School (NBCS)

Public schools[link]

The Dougherty County School System operates a system of five learning centers, sixteen public elementary schools, six public middle schools and four public high schools. All schools are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Georgia Accrediting Commission (GAC). The system had an enrollment in 2009–2010 of 15,838 students being taught by 1,070 teachers and 198 support and administrative personnel.^[42]

The following schools have the following distinctions:

• Alice Coachman Elementary School: 2009 National Blue Ribbon School, 2009 "No Excuses School" (Georgia Public Policy Foundation)
• Lincoln Elementary Magnet School: 2009–2010 Governor's Office of Students Achievement Bronze Award for Highest Percentage of Students Meeting & Exceeding Standards on the CRCT
• International Studies Elementary Charter School: Title 1 Distinguished School (10 consecutive years making AYP)
• Robert A. Cross Middle Magnet School: 2009–2010 Governor's Office of Students Achievement Gold Award for Highest Percentage of Students Meeting & Exceeding Standards on the CRCT

Higher education[link]

Albany State University[link]

Albany is the location of the historically black Albany State University, founded as a pre-collegiate school in 1903, as part of the drive for education among African Americans. Albany State is notable as one of the few historically black colleges to be part of the University System of Georgia.

Darton College[link]

Albany is also home to Darton College, a two year college, which in 2011 was granted permission from the Georgia Board of Regents to begin offering a limited number of 4 year degrees.^[43]

Albany Technical College[link]

Albany Technical College [16] is part of the Technical College System of Georgia and teaches post-secondary vocational and occupational training subjects.

Media[link]

The Rosenberg Brothers Department Store, now headquarters of The Albany Herald.

Newspapers[link]

• The Albany Herald [17]
• The Albany Southwest Georgian, historically black newspaper founded by A.C. Searles
• The Albany Journal, published since 1939; Tom Knighton is current editor and publisher.
• The Metro Gazette- The Metro offers positive news about the community. Founded in 2010 by Judith Hampton-Thompson, graduate of the Ohio State University Journalism School.

Television stations[link]

• Channel 10 WALB (NBC)(ABC) [18]
• Channel 14 WABW (PBS-GPB) (Pelham, Georgia) [19]
• Channel 31 WFXL (FOX) [20]
• Channel 34 W34CZ (Trinity Broadcasting Network)
• Channel 44 WSWG (CBS) [21]
• Channel 44.2 WSWG-DT2 (MyNet) [22]
• Channel 44.3 WSWG-DT3 (CW) [23]

FM radio stations[link]

• 88.5 W203AT (religious; translator for KEAR)
• 89.3 WBJY (religious)
• 90.3 WAEF (religious)
• 90.7 WWXC (religious, bluegrass)
• 91.7 WUNV (NPR – news, classical)^[44]
• 92.7 WASU (Albany State University – college, jazz, urban)
• 93.1 WSRD (religious, talk)
• 96.3 WJIZ (urban)[24]
• 97.3 WRAK "973 Hit Music Now" (Top 40)^[45]
• 98.1 WMRZ "Kiss" (adult urban)[25]
• 100.3 WOBB "B-100"(country)[26]
• 101.7 WQVE "V101.7"(R&B & Classic Soul)[27]
• 102.1 WNUQ "Q102" (Top 40)[28]
• 102.5 W273AE (religious; translator for WYFK)
• 103.5 WJAD "Rock 103" (classic and mainstream rock) (Leesburg, Georgia)[29]
• 104.5 WKAK "K-Country" (country)[30]
• 105.5 WZBN "Power 105...The King" (Holy Hip Hop and Contemporary Gospel)[31]
• 106.1 KLOV (Christian Contemporary)
• 107.7 WEGC "Mix 107.7" (adult contemporary)

AM radio stations[link]

• 960 WJYZ (gospel)
• 1250 WSRA (ESPN sports)
• 1450 WGPC (sports)
• 1590 WALG (news, talk)

Infrastructure[link]

Transportation[link]

Air[link]

Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY) is a non-hub commercial service airport with approximately 30,000 annual operations serviced by Atlantic Southeast Airlines, a regional carrier for Delta. Both UPS and DHL use the airport as a sorting facility. In 2010, a master plan was conducted which recommended moving forward with the Replacement Terminal Project.^[46]

Rail[link]

Freight rail service is provided by Georgia Southwestern Railroad, Georgia and Florida Railway, and Norfolk Southern Railway. Georgia and Florida Railway has its headquarters in Albany.

Bus[link]

There is a Greyhound bus station in downtown Albany. Albany Transit System (ATS) has operated by the city since 1974, provides fixed-route and para-transit services in Albany and Dougherty County, including service to the airport. All buses are wheelchair accessible and are equipped with bicycle racks. The main transfer station is in downtown Albany at the corner of Oglethorpe and Jackson.^[47]

Roads[link]

Albany is located on Georgia State Route 300 (Georgia-Florida Parkway) which provides easy access to Cordele, Georgia and Interstate 75 to the northeast and south to Camilla and Thomasville, Georgia. The Liberty Expressway spans 10 miles serving as a bypass on Albany's north and east sides. Other highways that pass through Albany include: US 19, US 82, State Routes 3, 62, 91, 133, 234, 520.^[48]

Bridges[link]

Historic Broad Avenue Memorial Bridge

Albany's Broad Avenue Memorial bridge was constructed in 1920 and is composed of a three open spandrel concrete deck arch main spans and eight closed spandrel deck arch spans.^[49]

Interesting Facts[link]

The intersection of Lonesome & Hardup was named the fourth wackiest street name according to a 2006 poll by Car Connection website.^[50]

Energy Infrastructure[link]

Albany Water Gas and Light[link]

Georgia Power[link]

Portions of Albany are serviced by Georgia Power, which operates two electrical power plants within Dougherty County: coal fired Plant Mitchell and the hydroelectric dam at Lake Worth also known as Lake Chehaw.

Water Management Infrastructure[link]

The Albany Water, Gas & Light Commission (WG&L) is a municipally-owned and operated utility system furnishing water, gas and electricity to its broad–based customers. Albany WG&L, was founded in 1892 as the Albany Water Works, as the largest municipal user in Georgia.^[51]

The publlic water supply source for Albany-Dougherty County is groundwater obtained from four aquifers:

• Upper Floridan (locally called the Ocala) Aquifer
• Claiborne (formerly Tallahatta) Aquifer
• Clayton Formation
• Providence Aquifer

The water quality is considered to be excellent, needing only chlorination and fluoridation treatment.^[52]

Communications infrastructure[link]

Both WG&L and AT&T offer communications infrastructure within the City of Albany.^[51]

Solid waste management[link]

Albany is serviced by the Dougherty County Landfill located at 900 Gaissert Road, approximately 7.5 miles southeast of the City of Albany.^[53]

Health care[link]

Albany is the home of a not-for-profit regional health system with a 26-county cachement area with Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital [32] at its hub.

Public safety[link]

Law enforcement[link]

Albany is serviced by the Albany Police Department (APD) which is divided into four districts, each having its own police center. Additionally, the Dougherty County Police Department is responsible for the unincorporated area of Dougherty County. Lastly the Dougherty County Sheriff's Department is a law enforcement agency under the direction of the County Sheriff, an elected officer.^[54]

Fire protection[link]

The Albany Fire Department consists of more than 150 assigned personnel operating 11 fire stations in Dougherty County, seven of which are within the city limits.^[54]

EMS/EMT service[link]

Dougherty County EMS has over 60 employees and services the county through one headquarters and five satellite stations.^[54]

Non-profit/service organizations[link]

Notable natives and residents[link]

Composer, pianist, and singer Ray Charles

Natives:

Residents:

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Carolyn Clive, Frances Davis, and Tom Liner, eds., Glancing Backward: Albany, Georgia, 1836–1986 (Albany, Ga.: Dougherty County School System and Sesquicentennial Publication Committee, 1986).
• Lee W. Formwalt, "A Garden of Irony and Diversity," in The New Georgia Guide (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).
• Joseph Winthrop Holley, You Can't Build a Chimney from the Top: The South through the Life of a Negro Educator (New York: William-Frederick Press, 1948).
• Thronateeska Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, History and Reminiscences of Dougherty County, Georgia (1924; reprint, Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Co., 1978).
• Works Progress Administration, Historical Background of Dougherty County, 1836–1940 (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1981).

External links[link]

• South Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
• Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse

• Texts on Wikisource:
  • "Albany (Georgia)". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Albany (Georgia)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
  • "Albany (Georgia)". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 

	Phenix City, Alabama	Columbus	Macon
	Union Springs, Alabama		Tifton
		Albany    East
	Eufaula, Alabama	Thomasville	Valdosta

v t e Municipalities and communities of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States County seat: Albany City Albany CDP Putney Unincorporated communities Doublegate Pretoria Radium Springs

v t e  State of Georgia Atlanta (capital) Topics Index Geology History Delegations Government Governors Culture People Music Elections Politics Geography State Parks Demographics Economy Sports Transportation Visitor Attractions Regions Atlantic coastal plain Blue Ridge Central Georgia Cumberland Plateau The Golden Isles Historic South Lower Coastal Plain Metro Atlanta North Georgia North Georgia Mountains Northeast Georgia Piedmont Ridge and Valley Sea Islands Southern Rivers Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia Tennessee Valley Wiregrass Region Largest cities Albany Atlanta Athens Augusta Columbus Johns Creek Macon Marietta Roswell Valdosta Savannah Warner Robins Counties Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilmer Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth (Campbell) (Milton)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2012)

Mario Mims (born May 19, 1981), better known by his stage name Yo Gotti, is a southern rapper from the northern side of Memphis, Tennessee who was previously known as Lil Yo.

Music career[link]

Independent Albums[link]

Yo Gotti released a string of independent albums. From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game (2000),Self-Explanatory (2001), Life (2003) and Back 2 da Basics (2006) Yo Gotti became very well known in Memphis after the release of his album Life. The song "Dirty South Soldiers" featuring Lil Jon propelled Gotti into the higher ranks of Memphis rappers. The album Back 2 da Basics had even more success. The singles "I Got 'Em", "Full Time", "Shawty", & "Gangsta Party" featuring 8Ball & MJG solidified his status as one of the top rappers from the city.

[edit] Live from the Kitchen (2009-2012)

Yo Gotti's first studio album is called Live From The Kitchen. The album's original first single was titled ""5 Star"" and it was released on May 20, 2009. The single peaked at 79 on the Hot 100, 19 on U.S R&B and 11 on U.S Rap. "Women Lie, Men Lie" was the second official single released December 11, 2009. The song peaked at 81 on 100, 22 on the U.S R&B and 12 on the U.S Rap. "Look In the Mirror" was the third single released 7 months after his second single on July 27, 2010. The song peaked at 97 on the U.S R&B chart "For the Hood" featured rapper Gucci Mane it was released on October 1, 2010 and charted at 86 on the U.S R&B chart. "We Can Get It On" was released May 10, 2011, and the single featured R&B singer Ciara. It peaked at 40 on the U.S R&B Chart. "Single" was released on August 5, 2011. This song is said to be the first "official" single off the album, all the others would be cut from the album. The second single will be a song with rapper Drake, entitled by "All About Mine", produced by Giarad Fleetwood.

Discography[link]

Studio albums

• 2012: Live from the Kitchen

Independent albums

• 2000: From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game
• 2001: Self-Explanatory
• 2003: Life
• 2006: Back 2 da Basics

Mixtapes

• 2006: Full Time Hustlin'
• 2006: I Told U So (Gangsta Grillz)
• 2008: Cocaine Muzik
• 2009: CM2
• 2009: Cocaine Muzik 3
• 2010: Cocaine Muzik 4.5 (Da Documentary)
• 2010: CM5 (White Friday)
• 2011: CM6 (Gangster Of The Year)
• 2011: January 10th (The Mixtape)

Collaboration mixtapes

• 2008: Definition of a G (with Gucci Mane)
• 2010: Cocaine Muzik 4 (with Zedzilla)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Yo Gotti Official Site
• Yo Gotti RCA Label Site
• Yo Gotti | Features Artist | Global Hit Music
• Behind the Scenes, Yo Gotti, "Women Lie, Men Lie" in Los Angeles, February 4, 2010 by Streetgangs.com
• Yo Gotti Interview, Jan 18, 2010
• Non-commercial Yo Gotti mixtapes

This article is about the American archaeologist; for others with the same name, see Philip Phillips (disambiguation).

Philip Phillips (11 August, 1900 – 11 December, 1994) was an influential archaeologist in the United States during the 20th century. Although his first graduate work was in architecture, he later received a doctorate from Harvard University under advisor Alfred Marston Tozzer. His first archaeological experiences were on Iroquois sites, but he specialized in the Mississippian culture, especially its Lower Mississippi Valley incarnation.

In 1937, he was appointed assistant curator of Southeastern Archaeology at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard. In 1949, he became its curator; and remained an honorary curator from his 1967 retirement until his death.

His professional collaborations with James A. Ford, James Bennett Griffin, and Gordon Willey have become some of the standard works of American archaeology.

His professional obituary, including a summary of his life's accomplishments, was written by his life-long colleague and collaborator Gordon R. Willey. It was published in 1996 by the Society for American Archaeology.

Published works[link]

Phillips' published works include:

• Brain, Jeffrey P. and Philip Phillips. 1996. Shell Gorgets: Styles of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Southeast. Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Phillips, Philip. 1970. Archaeological Survey in the Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949-1955. Peabody Museum Papers, vol. 60. Harvard University, Cambridge.
• Phillips, Philip and J. A. Brown. 1975-83. Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. (6 volumes) Cambridge, Peabody Museum Press.
• Phillips, Philip and J. A. Brown. 1984. Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. (2-volume softbound edition) Cambridge, Peabody Museum Press.
• Phillips, Philip, James A. Ford, and James B. Griffin. 1951. Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, 1940-1947. Peabody Museum Papers, vol. 25. Harvard University, Cambridge.
• Willey, Gordon R. and Philip Phillips. 1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

References[link]

• Willey, Gordon R. Obituary: Philip Phillips 1900-1994. American Antiquity, Vol. 61, No. 1. (Jan., 1996), pp. 39-43.