- published: 11 Mar 2012
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- author: womenofmalaysia
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Austria
Austria (
i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] (
listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: 
Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Bandar Lampung
Bandar Lampung (translated Lampung harbor) is the capital of Lampung province, Indonesia. It was formerly called Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung, the names of the two major sections of the city, before being renamed in 1983. For immigrants and travelers from Java, the city is the entry point to Sumatra, especially before the construction of the major harbor at Bakauheni, just south of Bandar Lampung. Bandar Lampung is served by the Radin Inten II Airport, a domestic airport with flights to Jakarta located northwesterly of the city.
The city's area is about 169.21 km², with a population of approximately 881,801 people.
Bandar Lampung is served by Radin Inten II Airport (TKG), located in the outskirts of the city. The airport can be accessed by public transportation, such as bus and mini bus.
Bandar Lampung has several road transportation alternatives. The most popular alternative is a minibus called angkot, an abbreviation from Angkutan Kota (literally translated as City Transportation). They serve certain routes throughout the city, operated privately and cheap. Usually, an angkot covers some area between Tanjung Karang (heart of Bandar Lampung) and an urban area. Currently, routes covered are Tanjung Karang - Garuntang, Tanjung Karang - Teluk Betung, Tanjung Karang - Rajabasa, Tanjung Karang - Sukarame, Tanjung Karang - Langkapura and many more.
wn.com/Bandar_Lampung -
Bandung
Bandung (pronounced [banˈduŋ]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 km south eastern of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
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Bandung Regency
Bandung Regency (Kabupaten Bandung, often referred to as the Bandung District) is an administrative district located to the south, southeast and east of the city of Bandung. Parts of the Bandung Regency are effectively part of the Bandung Metropolitan Area sprawl, with the southern third being less urbanized and jutting upwards from the Valley, though not as sharply as the mountain range to the immediate north of Bandung. The Regency is part of the Indonesian province of West Java, about 75 miles south of Jakarta. Soreang is the capital of the regency.
First Cimahi City became autonomous and then West Bandung Regency was split off from the regency. In the 2010 Census, the population reached 3,178,543 after final adjustments., for a density of roughly 1,800 per square kilometer.
Bandung Regency current regent is H. Obar Subarna.
Lists of sub-districts (Kecamatan) of Bandung regency :
Borders
Because of the mountainous nature of parts of the Bandung District, major landslides are a significant natural hazard for the people of the District. In February 2010, for example, over 15 people were killed in a large landslide in the Ciwedey area.
wn.com/Bandung_Regency -
Bandung Station
Bandung Hall Station is the largest train station on Bandung and perhaps on the West Java province, this is where located the "Operation Area 2" (Daop 2) which surrounding the area of Bandung and Priangan.
The station is located at Kebon Kawung street on the central Bandung, the old station building were located at Stasiun Timur street on the southern part of the railroad, later and currently the station has its new building on the northern part of the railroad.
On the Javanese railroad system, Bandung Train Station were located on Jakarta - Bandung - Yogyakarta - Surabaya railroad route or known as southern java railroad route, the station height are 709 meters above sea levels.
Bandung train station is classified as Main Train Station by the Indonesian State Owned Rail Company (PT. KAI). Trains that pass through the Bandung Train Station are :
Intercity trains :
Commuter trains :
Bandung Train station, like other major train stations has several supporting facilities and infrastructures for the train operation, such as it has a passenger coach warehouse (located west side of the station), locomotive warehouse (located northwestern side of the station), turn table (western side of the station), reservation ticket building (northern station) and cargo area (southern part)
wn.com/Bandung_Station -
Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
wn.com/Bangalore -
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital city of and largest urban area in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋ tʰêːp máhǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn] ( listen)) or simply Krung Thep ( listen), meaning "city of angels". Bangkok is by far the most densely populated city in Thailand with about 12 million people. Bangkok was a small trading post near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century. It eventually grew in size and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782.
Because of its strategic location in Southeast Asia, Siam (later Thailand) acted as a buffer-zone between the French and British colonial empires. Bangkok itself has gained a reputation as an independent, dynamic and influential city. Bangkok is the political, social and economic centre of Thailand, and one of the leading cities in Southeast Asia.
Due to the 1980s and 1990s Asian investment boom, many multinational corporations make their regional headquarters in Bangkok and the city is a regional force in finance and business. Its increasing influence on global politics, culture, fashion and entertainment underlines its status as an Alpha global city. In 2009, it was the second most expensive city in South-East Asia behind Singapore. The city's many cultural landmarks and attractions in addition to its nightlife venues has made it synonymous with exoticism. Its rapid modernization, reflected in the cityscape and the urban society, has left untouched the historic Grand Palace, Wat Arun, Vimanmek Palace Complex and hundreds of Buddhist temples draw about 10 million international visitors each year, second only to London.
wn.com/Bangkok -
Banjar, West Java
Banjar is a small city in the east of West Java, Indonesia, on the border between West Java and Central Java.
wn.com/Banjar,_West_Java -
Banyuwangi
The Regency of Banyuwangi is located at the easternmost end of the Indonesian island of Java and it is a very strategic area for those who want to go to Bali, since it also serves as an important ferry port between Java and Bali. It is surrounded by mountains and forests to the west; by sea to the east and south. Banyuwangi is only separated by Strait of Bali from Bali. The regency had a population of 1,488,791 at the Census held on 30 June 2000; by 2005 it was estimated to have risen to 1,514,605. The city of Banyuwangi is the administrative capital. The name Banyuwangi is Javanese for "fragrance water", connected to the Javanese folklore of Sri Tanjung.
The Regency of Banyuwangi consists of 24 subdistricts (Kecamatan):
Banyuwangi is — as are other Indonesian areas — a heterogeneous area where many ethnic groups are mingled and live together under the same roof. One of the native groups is the Osing community which has a distinctly Hindu culture although they can be considered as a Javanese sub-ethnic group. They live mainly in the central part of Banyuwangi and they sometimes consider themselves as Majapahit descendants. Other groups are Javanese (living mostly in the south and west), Madurese (mainly in the north and coastal area) and Balinese (scattered but more concentrated in the east). Other smaller groups are Chinese, Buginese, Arabs, etc.
wn.com/Banyuwangi -
Bari
Bari listen (help·info) (Bari dialect: Bare; from Latin: Barium) is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or, in Italian, Puglia) region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples, and is well known as a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas. The city itself has a decreasing population of about 320,000, as of 2009, over 116 km², while the fast-growing urban area counts 653,028 inhabitants over 203 km². The metropolitan area counts 1 million inhabitants.
Bari is made up of four different urban sections. To the north is the closely built old town on the peninsula between two modern harbours, with the splendid Basilica of Saint Nicholas, the Cathedral of San Sabino (1035–1171) and the Swabian Castle built for Frederick II, which is now also a major nightlife district. To the south is the Murat quarter (erected by Joachim Murat), the modern heart of the city, which is laid out on a rectangular grid-plan with a promenade on the sea and the major shopping district (the via Sparano and via Argiro).
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Batam
Batam (Chinese: 巴淡岛; pinyin: badàn dǎo, Malay: Pulau Batam; Jawi: ڤولاو باتم) is a tropical island and largest city in Riau Islands Province of Indonesia, known by foreign investors for its Free Trade Zone, as part of the Sijori Growth Triangle, is located 20 km (12 mi) off Singapore's south coast. The 715 km² (276 miles²) island has a population of 1,137,894 (2011).
Batam is located west of Bintan Island, south of Singapore, north of Rempang and east of Bulan Island. The Riau Strait (Selat Riau) separates Batam and Bintan. Batam has Tropical rainforest climate with average temperatures between 26-32°C.Humidity in the region ranges from 73% to 96%. In general throughout the region, being a wet season from November to April and a dry season from May to October. Average annual rainfall is around 2,600 mm. The local governmental offices reside in Batam Centre. The biggest community on the island is Lubuk Baja (formerly known as Nagoya). Other residential area include Baloi Garden, Sekupang, Nongsapura (Nongsa), Waterfront City (Teluk Senimba), Batu Ampar, Jodoh.
wn.com/Batam -
Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
wn.com/Beijing -
Bekasi Regency
Bekasi Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. The capital city is Cikarang. It is bordered by DKI Jakarta and Bekasi Municipality to the east, by Bogor Regency to the south, and by Karawang Regency to the east.
It has an area of 1,484.37 km2 and 1,917,248 people in 2005, with a density of 1,292 people/km2. For 2007 the population was 2,032,008.
wn.com/Bekasi_Regency -
Bogor
Bogor (Indonesian: Kota Bogor and formerly Buitenzorg) is a city on the island of Java in the West Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bogor), 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capital Jakarta. Bogor itself is a recognized as a municipality (cat); it is an important economic, scientific, cultural and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort.
In the Middle Ages, the city was the capital of Sunda Kingdom (Indonesian: Kerajaan Sunda) and was called Pakuan Pajajaran. During the Dutch colonial era, it was named Buitenzorg and served as the summer residence of the Governor-General of Dutch East Indies. The city was the administrative center of the Netherlands East Indies during the brief British control in the early 19th century.
With several hundred thousand people living on an area of about 20 km², the central part of Bogor is one of the world's most densely populated areas. The city has a presidential palace and a botanical garden (Indonesian: Kebun Raya Bogor) – one of the oldest and largest in the world. It bears the nickname "the Rain City" (Kota Hujan), because of frequent rain showers. It nearly always rains even during the dry season.
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Bogor Regency
Bogor Regency Indonesian: Kabupaten Bogor is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia, south of DKI Jakarta, and bordered by Tangerang Regency, the cities of South Tangerang, Depok and Bekasi, and finally Bekasi Regency all to the north, and fully encircling Bogor City. It is considered a bedroom community for Jakarta.
The area has witnessed significant population growth. The 2010 census counted 4,770,744 people, of which 2,450,426 are male. Given that the regency covers 2,663.83 km2 after spinoffs of cities, the density stands at 1,791 people per km2.
Cibinong is its capital.
The regency is divided into 40 subdistricts (kecamatan).
In the regency of Bogor following nature reserves exist:
wn.com/Bogor_Regency -
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ( listen)), from 1991 to 2000 called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district and no longer belongs administratively to that department. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country, with 7.363.782 inhabitants as of 2010. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had a population of 7,881,156 in 2005.
In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest of Latin America. It figures amongst the thirty largest cities of the world and it is the third-highest capital city in South America (after La Paz and Quito) at 2,625 metres (8,612 ft) above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the largest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality. The city ranked 54th in the 2010 Global Cities Index and is listed as global city of the Beta+ kind by the GaWC.
wn.com/Bogotá -
Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
wn.com/Cairo -
Central Java
Central Java (Indonesian: Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java. This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java is 39,800.69 km2 in area; approximately a quarter of the total land area of Java. Its population was 30,380,687 at the 2010 Census, making it the third most-populous province in Indonesia after West Java and East Java, and constituting a bit less than one quarter of the crowded island's population.
Central Java is also a cultural concept that includes the Special Area and city of Yogyakarta. However, administratively the city and surrounding region has been part of a separate special region since Indonesian independence.
Located in the middle of the island of Java, the Central Java province is bordered by West Java and East Java provinces. A small portion of its south region is the Yogyakarta Special Region province, fully enclosed by the Central Java province. Yogyakarta is historically and culturally part of the Central Java region, although it is currently a separate political entity. To the north and the south, the Central Java province faces the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean. Central Java also includes offshore islands such as Karimun Jawa Islands in the north, and Nusakambangan in the southwest.
wn.com/Central_Java -
Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
wn.com/Chennai -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
wn.com/Chicago -
China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Ciamis Regency
Ciamis is a regency in West Java, Indonesia. It has an area of 2,556.75 km² and population of 1,523,000 (2003). The regency is divided into 30 subdistricts. Its capital is Ciamis.
2011: Ciamis regency is boosting the (new) tourist destinations due to there are an idea to make a new regency on the south of '(virtual) isthmus' (please see the locator map) which there are also popular tourist destinatination Pangandaran Beach as a cash cow. The tourist destinations are Situ Lengkong Panjalu, Kingdom of Sunda Astana Gede Kawali site and the most potential destination is Curug Tujuh, Cibolang, Panjalu. Curug Tujuh is located 2 kilometer from Cibolang main road. Curug Tujuh means 7 waterfalls due to there are 7 waterfalls along 5 kilometers track. At least there are 2 waterfalls with beautiful scenery and the tallest waterfall is more than a hundred meter high.
Situ Lengkong Panjalu, 76.2 hectares has a small island in the centre of the lake called Nusa gede which many East Javanese people come to visit King of Panjalu son cemetery.
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Cianjur
Cianjur is a city in the West Java province of Indonesia, the capital of Cianjur Regency. Cianjur is located along one the main roads between Jakarta (120 km in the northwest) and Bandung (60 km to the east). The population is about 165 420 . Because of its location, some of Cianjur's residents commute to work either in Bandung or in Jakarta.
The road on which Cianjur is located used to be the main (extremely busy) road from Jakarta to Bandung but was in effect replaced as the main road link between these two main cities when the Jakarta-Bandung tollroad was fully completed in 2005.
Cianjur was founded in 1677, with the first head of the city being R.A Wiratanudatar I, entitled Dalem Cikundul, as the descendant from the old Sundanese kingdom of Pajajaran.
The city mainly produces agricultural products, especially rice, and it has been known as the major source of rice production for the heavily populated Java island.
More than 75 people were killed in the earthquake of 2 September 2009.
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Cianjur Regency
Cianjur Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Cianjur is its capital.
A terracing structure, although local people mention it as pyramid is lying on Mount Padang, 31 kilometer from Cianjur through Warung Kondang. It is the biggest Megalithic Site in Southeast Asia.
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Cibiru
Cibiru is one of the 26 subdistricts of Bandung city in West Java, and the location of an Islamic school (UIN Sunan Gunung Djati) and Pharmacy School (Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Bandung) near West Java district based Police
Coordinates: 6°55′S 107°43′E / 6.917°S 107.717°E / -6.917; 107.717
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Cilegon
Cilegon is a major coastal industrial city in Banten province, Indonesia, covering 175.51 sqkm and has an official intercensal estimated population of 338,027 for 2007. Among the factories located in Cilegon are PT Krakatau Steel, a vital company in Indonesia, which produces steel for industrial (domestic and foreign) needs, and PT Asahimas Chemical.
Cilegon is divided into 8 subdistricts:
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Cimahi
Cimahi is a city located west of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in the Bandung Metropolitan Area. The city is a major textile producer exporter, and is host to several military education facilities.
It has an area of 48.42 km2 and 482,763 people in 2005, with a density of 9,970 people/km2. For 2007 the population was 518,985.
Under the colonial Dutch East Indies government Cimahi was the location of one of the region's main military sites.
Cimahi, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta, next to the west Bandung . Its elevation at its peaks up north in the Cimahi Utara Subdistrict, Cipageran Village is 1,040 metres above sea level with its lowest elevation 685 metres down south in the cimahi selatan sub district, melong village, cimahi average elevation was around 800 metres and is surrounded by up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) high Late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic terrain. The river flown throughout cimahi was Cimahi river with its average water debit 3830 liter/second. Cimahi is situated in the north western part of 2,340.88 km² wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises the Cimahi city, Bandung City, part of Bandung Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency. The basin's main river is the Citarum; The Bandung Basin is an important source of water for drinking water, irrigation and fisheries, and its 6,147 million m³ of groundwater is a major reservoir for the Bandung Metropolitan Area.
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Cirebon
Cirebon (formerly referred to as Cheribon in English) is a port city on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is located in the province of West Java near the provincial border with Central Java, approximately 297 km east of Jakarta, at 6°43′S 108°34′E / 6.717°S 108.567°E / -6.717; 108.567. The urban core of Cirebon is very small in extent, however, its dense suburbs sprawl into the regency.
The seat of a former Sultanate, the city's West and Central Java border location have seen its history influenced by both Sundanese and Javanese culture and also Chinese.
Being on the border of "Sunda" (i.e., West Java) and "Jawa" (i.e., Central Java), many of Cirebon's residents speak a dialect that is a mix of Sundanese and Javanese, and it is thought that the word "cirebon" derives from the Javanese word, caruban, meaning "mixed", a reference to the city's mix of Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese, and Arabic cultural elements. Alternatively, it could be derived from the Sundanese words of "Ci" (water or river) and "Rebon" ("shrimp"). (Indeed the main production of the city is fishery including shrimps.
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Cirebon Regency
Cirebon Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Sumber is its capital. The area and population excludes those of Cirebon City, which is an independent administration, although totally surrounded by the Regency on its landward side.
Some of political elites want Cirebon as a new Province as Banten Province which splits from West Java. To be a new province it should be proposed by at least 3 regencies. Majalengka Regency has refused the idea and stay along with West Java, but not preclude Cirebon Regency and other regencies to continue the idea.
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Ciroyom Station
Ciroyom Station is a train station that located near Arjuna street at Andir sub district on Bandung city. The station located just on the east side of Ciroyom traditional market.
The station also located only 500 meters on the west side of Bandung Station.
There are only a few train stop in this station :
Coordinates: 6°54′50″S 107°35′24″E / 6.91389°S 107.59°E / -6.91389; 107.59
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Citarum river
Citarum (Sundanese: Walungan Citarum) is a river in West Java, Indonesia. It has an important role in the life of the people of West Java, as it is used to support agriculture, water supply, fishery, industry, sewerage, electricity etc. There are three hydroelectric powerplant dams installed along this river; Saguling, Cirata, and Ir. H. Djuanda (Jatiluhur) hydroelectric powerplants, all supplying the electricity for Bandung and Greater Jakarta area. The Jatiluhur Dam with a 3 billion cubic meter storage capacity has the largest reservoir in Indonesia.
The river is heavily polluted by human activity; about five million people live in the basin of the river.
In Indonesian history the river is linked with 4th century Tarumanagara kingdom, as the kingdom and the river shared the same etymology, derived from the word "Tarum" (Sundanese for indigo plant). According to stone inscriptions and Chinese sources, also the archaeological sites such as Batujaya and Cibuaya, suggested that the human habitation and civilization has flourished in and around the river estuaries and river valley as early as 4th century and even earlier.
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Damri
Damri is a town and Village Development Committee in Pyuthan, a Middle Hills district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Denpasar
Denpasar (pronounced [dənˈpasar]) (Indonesian: Kota Denpasar) is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It has a rapidly expanding population of 788,445 in 2010, up from 533,252 in the previous decade, and the surrounding metropolitan area has roughly 2 million residents. It is located at 8°39′S 115°13′E / 8.65°S 115.217°E / -8.65; 115.217.
Denpasar was the capital of the kingdom of Badung.[citation needed] It was conquered by the Dutch during the Dutch intervention in Bali (1906). The royal palace was looted and razed by the Dutch, leaving today's central square "Taman Puputan" in which a statue to the 1906 Puputan can be seen.
Denpasar has various attractions. The white sandy beaches are well-known all over the island.[citation needed] Some of the surfing beaches are Kuta Beach, Legian Beach and Canggu Beach. Sanur beach has calmer waters and is excellent for sunbathing.
Ten minutes from the Ngurah Rai International Airport lies the town of Kuta. Kuta is where most of the hotels, restaurants, malls, cafes, marketplaces, and spas that cater to tourists are located. In the Denpasar area, all kinds of Balinese handicrafts are represented in local shops.[citation needed] These include artwork, pottery, textiles, and silver.
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Depok
Depok is a city in West Java province, Indonesia on the western border of DKI Jakarta in the Jabodetabek metropolitan region. The "de" in Jabodetabek refers to Depok, while the word "depok" itself comes from Sundanese language meaning hermitage or abode of one living in seclusion.
It has an area of 200.29 km2 and 1,374,903 people in 2005, with a density of 6,865 people/km2. For 2007,the population was 1,412,772 and in 2010, the population in Depok become 1,751,696.
In 18 May 1696, a former VOC officer Cornelis Chastelein bought the land with an area of 12,44 km2, 6.2% of area of today's Depok. Besides cultivating the area with industrial plants with the help of the locals, Mr Chastelein was also active in Zending mission to preach the teachings of Christianity to the indigenous Indonesians. To this end, he established a local congregation named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC). Although the Sundanese name Depok, meaning hermitage or abode of one living in seclusion, was already in existence before the establishment of the congregation, some insist the acronym might have been the origin of the city's name.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.
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Dongguan
Dongguan (simplified Chinese: 东莞; traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguǎn, Mandarin pronunciation: [tʊ́ŋkwàn]; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; Postal Map Spelling: Tungkuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west.
It is also home to the world's largest, though mostly empty, shopping mall, New South China Mall. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment. The three neighboring municipalities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen are home to over 25 million residents, accounting for a large proportion of the Pearl River Delta Region's population.
Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54bn in shipment.
Dongguan has no intermediate county level; instead it is divided into:
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië; Indonesian: Hindia-Belanda) was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.
During the 19th century, Dutch possessions and hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century. This colony which later formed modern-day Indonesia was one of the most valuable European colonies under Dutch Empire's rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in 19th to early 20th century. The colonial social order was based on rigid racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate but linked to their native subjects.
Japan's World War II occupation dismantled much of the Dutch colonial state and economy. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Indonesian nationalists declared independence which they fought to secure during the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution. The Netherlands formally recognized Indonesian sovereignty at the 1949 Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference with the exception of the Netherlands New Guinea (Western New Guinea), which was ceded to Indonesia in 1963 under the provisions of the New York Agreement.
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East Java
East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur, Javanese: Jawa Wétan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east (the Kangean and Sapudi groups) and to its north (Bawean and the Masalembu Islands. The provincial capital is Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia and a major industrial center and port.
According to the 2000 census, East Java has 34 million inhabitants, estimated to increase to 37½ million in 2010, making it the second most populous Indonesian province after West Java. The inhabitants are predominantly ethnically Javanese. Native minorities include migrants from nearby Madura, and distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the Tengger people in Bromo, the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi. East Java also hosts a significant population of other ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indians, and Arabs. In addition to the national language, Indonesian, they also speak Javanese. Javanese as spoken in the western East Java is a similar dialect to the one spoken in nearby Central Java, with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern cities of Surabaya, Malang, and surrounding areas, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard for hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity.
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East Rand
Coordinates: 26°10′38″S 28°13′19″E / 26.17722°S 28.22194°E / -26.17722; 28.22194
The East Rand (known in Afrikaans as the Oos-Rand) is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
The large black townships of the East Rand were the scene of heavy clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party before the end of Apartheid.
The region extends from Germiston in the west to Springs in the east, and south down to Nigel, and includes the towns of Boksburg, Benoni, Brakpan, Kempton Park, Edenvale, and Bedfordview.
As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, meaning "place of peace."
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Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly 300 square miles (780 km2) in Tarrant, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 Census, Fort Worth had a population of 741,206. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second most populous in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The city was established in 1849 as an Army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.
Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican–American War in 1846. After the war, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River. One month later Worth died from cholera. General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849 Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River.
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Foshan
Foshan (Chinese: 佛山; pinyin: Fóshān, pronounced [fwɔ̌ ʂán]), is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper (year 2000 figures).
It is shown on some older maps as 'Fatshan', which is a phonetic spelling of the city's Cantonese name. Today many areas of Foshan city are occupied mostly by Chinese migrants coming from different provinces of China and speak only Mandarin, while its native dialect is a Foshan variant of Cantonese.
The town of Foshan is many centuries old, and was famous for its porcelain industry. Now, the third largest city in Guangdong, it has become relatively affluent compared to other Chinese cities, and is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan has recently seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. Foshan is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
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Garut Regency
Garut is a Regency in the West Java province of Indonesia. Garut Regency Its area is 3,065.19 km² (1,183.48 mi²). Geographically, it lies between 6°57′34″ – 7°44′57″ South latitude and 107°24′34″ – 108°7′34″ East longitude. The capital is the city of Garut.
It is bordered by:
In general, Garut has a cool but tropical climate, with an average temperature of 24°C (76°F). Average annual rainfall is 2,590 mm (102 inches). This area includes valley territory surrounded by volcanoes (Mount Karacak: 1,838 m, Mount Cikuray: 2,821 m, Mount Guntur: 2,249 m, Mount Papandayan: 2,622 m) on the northern side, with average heights of 700–750 m above sea level. Streams of solidified lava are present on their slopes.
On March 2, 1811, the Balubur Limbangan Regency was defeated by Governor General Herman W. Daendels (of the Dutch Colonial Army), and Regent Tumenggung Wangsakusumah II resigned. Balubur Limbangan Regency comprised 6 sub-districts: Balubur, Malangbong, Wanaraja, Wanakerta, Cibeureum and Papandak.
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Gedung Sate
Gedung Sate, is a neo-classical building mixed with native elements that now serves as the governor's office of the West Java province in Indonesia. Located in Bandung, the building was designed by a Dutch architect J. Gerber.
Its common name, Gedung sate, is a nickname that translates literally from Indonesian to 'satay building', which is a reference to the shape of the building's central pinnacle - which resemble the shape of one of the Indonesian traditional dish called satay.
Coordinates: 6°54′09″S 107°37′07″E / 6.902459°S 107.618730°E / -6.902459; 107.618730
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Greater Buenos Aires
Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA, in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the conurbation around it, over the province of Buenos Aires—namely the adjacent 24 partidos or municipalities—which nonetheless do not constitute a single administrative unit. The conurbation spreads to the south, west and north of Buenos Aires; to the east the River Plate serves as a natural boundary.
Urban sprawl, especially between 1945 and 1980, created a vast conurbation of 9,910,282 inhabitants in the 24 conurbated partidos, as of 2010, and a total of 12,801,365 including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.
The term "Greater Buenos Aires" is related with other expressions not necessarily well-defined: the "Buenos Aires' conurbation" (Conurbano Bonaerense), the "Greater Buenos Aires Agglomeration" (Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires), and the "Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires" (Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires, AMBA).
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
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Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; listen), formerly named Saigon (Sài Gòn; listen) is the largest city in Vietnam. It was once known as Prey Nokor, an important Khmer sea port prior to annexation by the Vietnamese in the 17th century.
Under the name Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Cochin-china and later of the independent state of South Vietnam from 1955–75. South Vietnam, as an anti-communist state, fought against the communist North Vietnamese and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, with aid from the United States of America and countries including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. Saigon fell when it was captured by the communists on 30 April 1975, bringing an end to the War with its enemy's victory. Vietnam was then turned into a communist state with the South overtaken. On 2 July 1976, Saigon merged with the surrounding Gia Định Province and was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City after Hồ Chí Minh (although the name Sài Gòn is still commonly used.)
The city center is situated on the banks of the Saigon River, 60 kilometers (37 mi) from the South China Sea and 1,760 kilometers (1,090 mi) south of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Incheon
Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
The Incheon Metropolitan City (인천, 仁川, literally 'wise river' - formerly Inchon; named Jinsen during the time of Japanese rule) is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Indramayu Regency
Indramayu Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Indramayu is its capital. This regency is located on the northeastern part of West Java. The borders of the regency include:
North: Java Sea
East: Java Sea
South: Cirebon Regency
West: Subang Regency
Southwest: Majalengka Regency.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
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Johannesburg
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈhɑnəsbʏrx]) also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or eGoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. It claims to be the lightning capital of the world, though this title is also claimed by others.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's new post-Apartheid constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of Southern Africa. More recently Lanseria International Airport has started international flights, and is situated conveniently on the opposite side of the metropolis.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Karawang
Karawang (Kota Karawang or Karawang Kota) is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is located 32 miles east of Jakarta.
In March 2010 Karawang suffered severe flooding with 10,747 houses being flooded, 11,540 families affected and 44,071 persons affected.
Coordinates: 6°18′45″S 107°17′42″E / 6.3125°S 107.295°E / -6.3125; 107.295
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Karawang Regency
Karawang Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Karawang is its capital.
It has an area of 1,737.53 km2 and 2010 census result of 2,125,234 people, for a density of 1,223 people per km2. It is on the outskirts of Jakarta, just outside the Jabodetabek region, and is the site of industrial activity (like factories). However, due to ever expanding Jakarta, it has seen a heavy influx of housing developments as well and a surge of people. To the south lies Purwakarta Regency, it is roughly equidistant from Jakarta and Bandung, the two metropolitan areas combined home to over 40 million people.
An official announcement from Transportation Ministry has chosen Karawang Regency, as the location for a new airport which will provide a third runway of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport with two runways.
Coordinates: 6°18′45″S 107°17′42″E / 6.3125°S 107.295°E / -6.3125; 107.295
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Kiaracondong Station
Kiaracondong Station is the second largest train station in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. It is located near the Kiaracondong street (also known as Ibrahim Adjie street), on the Kiaracondong district, Bandung. The station located near the Kiaracondong traditional market and Kiaracondong fly over road.
The train station located is in Kiaracondong district, on the eastern side of Bandung.
Kiaracondong station only serve economy class passenger train to east side of Bandung, as well as several intercity train that crossing this station from Jakarta, and several commuter train servicing destinations in greater Bandung.
Intercity Trains that use this station :
Several commuter trains also pass through this station :
Coordinates: 6°55′28.76″S 107°38′47.62″E / 6.9246556°S 107.6465611°E / -6.9246556; 107.6465611
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Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.
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Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
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Kuningan Regency
Kuningan Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Kuningan is its capital. Kuningan is located in the east of the province.
The oldest human inhabitant archaeological findings in the region in 1972 such as sherds, stone tools, grave stone and ceramic were unearthed in Cipari site with evidences of bronze and iron metallurgical culture, that assume it belonged to the Old Megalithicum age, from around 3500 BC to 1500 BC.
The Sunda kingdom then came into the ruling power of the region, the reference to which were found in the story of Parahyangan (babad Parahyangan).
An Ulama known today as Syarif Hidaytullah settled in Cirebon, with the intention of spreading the world of Islam in this still pagan town. In the meantime, his pregnant wife Queen Ontin Nio from China came to this city and born children know today as Prince of Kuningan. Prince of Kuningan ascend the throne on September 1, 1498 that was officially declared as Kuningan government established.
Kuningan took part in Indonesian history when the Linggadjati Agreement was made between the Indonesian and Dutch governments on November 15, 1946.
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Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwaiti/kuːˈweɪt/ (Arabic: دولة الكويت, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic أكوات ākwāt, the plural of كوت kūt, meaning a fortress built near water. The country covers an area of 17,820 square kilometers (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 3.5 million.
Historically, the region was the site of Characene, a major Parthian port for trade between Mesopotamia and India. The Bani Utbah tribe were the first permanent Arab settlers in the region, and laid the foundation of the modern emirate. By the 19th century, Kuwait came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, and after World War I, it emerged as an independent sheikhdom under the protection of the British Empire. Kuwait's large oil fields were discovered in the late 1930s.
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Kyoto
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?, "Capital City") (Japanese pronunciation: [kʲoːto] ( listen)) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD, around which time the Shimogamo Shrine is believed to have been established. During the 8th century, when powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashiro Province, for this honor.
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京, "tranquility and peace capital"), a scaled replica of the then Tang capital Chang'an, became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Although military rulers established their governments either in Kyoto (Muromachi shogunate) or in other cities such as Kamakura (Kamakura shogunate) and Edo (Tokugawa shogunate), Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the imperial court to Tokyo in 1869 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.)
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Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Lembang
Lembang is a town in the province of West Java in Java, Indonesia. The population (2005) is 183,300.
Lembang is situated between 1,312 and 2,084 above sea level. Its highest point is on top of Tangkuban Perahu Mt. The temperature usually ranges between 17 and 24 degrees Celsius. Lembang was known for its cool and many beautiful places to visited.
Besides tourism industry and agriculture, Lembang also has 4,000 milk cow farmers which supply Frisian Flag, Diamond and Danone.
The Lembang Fault is still active with movement 2 milimeters a year, crosses Lembang city and runs 22 kilometers north of the Bandung basin, ranging from Mount Palasari to Cisarua. 700 years ago the earthquakes occurred at several points along the fault line and could potentially trigger up to a magnitude-7 quake. The impact might be threat 8 million people who living in the Bandung basin area and its surrounding.
Coordinates: 6°49′00″S 107°37′00″E / 6.81666666667°S 107.616666667°E / -6.81666666667; 107.616666667
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Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or "the City of Kings". It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
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Liuzhou
Liuzhou (Chinese: 柳州; pinyin: Liǔzhōu, Zhuang: Liujcouh) is a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in southern China. The prefecture's population was 3,758,700 in 2010, including 1,029,946 in the built up area made of 4 urban districts. Its total area is 18,777 km² and 667 km² for built up area.
Liuzhou is located on the banks of the winding Liu River, approximately 255 km from Nanning, the provincial capital. Liuzhou is 537 km from Hong Kong, 1,415 km from Shanghai and 1,852 kilometres from Beijing.
By road, it is about 167 km to Guilin,167 km to Hechi,237 km to Nanning,373 km to Fangchenggang,448 km to Beihai.
It is about 580 km to Guiyang, 672 km to Changsha,703 km to Guangzhou,943 km to Chongqing,1066 km to Kunming, capital cities of provinces nearby.
Swimming in the river is a tradition of the city. The river is normally green, but sometimes in summer, floods from the mountain areas upstream bring sediment which colors the water yellow. In early 2012, a cadmium spill upstream caused serious pollution worries .
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Majalengka Regency
Majalengka Regency is one of 16 regencies (kabupaten) in West Java, Indonesia. The capital is Majalengka.
As of 2006, this regency consists of the 23 districts (kecamatan), all of which make up a total of 13 urban villages (kelurahan) and 318 rural villages (desa). The list of these districts is as follows:
The incumbent regency officer (Bupati) of this regency is Hj. Tutty Hayati Anwar SH. MSi.
The airport will be built in 2012 with a 3,000 meter runway for phase-1. It is predicted that it will be finished by 2015. The airport area is 1,800 hectares; it can accommodate a double runway of up to 4,000 meters.
In March 2012, 2 foreign national champion paragliders have surveyed Mount Panten. Landing area, wind velocity and mainly take off area are suitable for paragliding world championship. The take off area is very vast, possible to make take off for several paragliders in the same time and cannot be found in other countries.
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Medan
Medan (Indonesian: Kota Medan; pronounced [meˈdan]) is the capital of the North Sumatra province in Indonesia. Located on the northern coast, Medan is the fourth largest city in Indonesia (behind Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung), and the largest Indonesian city outside Java. The city is bordered by the Deli Serdang Regency to the east, south and west, and the Strait of Malacca to the north. It is close to the volcano Sinabung, which erupted in August 2010 after a 400 year dormant state.
From 2005 Medan was governed by a mayor, Dr. H. Abdillah Ak, MBA (appointed for the period 2005-2010). However, Abdillah and his vice mayor were caught by Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission in 2008. Syamsul Arifin, the Governor of North Sumatra Province, then appointed Affifudin Lubis to become the acting mayor. In 2009, Affifudin Lubis resigned as mayor, and the Governor then appointed Rahudman Harahap to become the mayor. Because Rahudman wanted to be a candidate in the 2010 mayor election, he resigned as mayor. Then Syamsul Arifin became the acting mayor. In the 2010 mayor election, Rahudman Harahap is elected mayor. Medan is divided into 21 districts (kecamatan) and 151 subdistricts (kelurahan).
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Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan), the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, plus the smaller Municipality of Pateros.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District.
Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population. The sum total population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer (more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5 million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around Metro Manila is Greater Manila.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Moscow
Moscow (
/ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] (
listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Nagoya
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] ( listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Palembang
Palembang is the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. Palembang is one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, and has a history of being a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400.61 square kilometres and a population of 1,441,500. Palembang is the second-largest city in Sumatra after Medan and the seventh-largest city in Indonesia. The city has hosted the 26th edition of Southeast Asian Games on 11 to 22 November 2011 along with Jakarta.
It was formerly the capital city of the Kingdom of Srivijaya, a powerful Malay kingdom, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. The earliest evidence of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in the year 671 for 6 months. The first inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century, namely the Kedukan Bukit Inscription around Palembang in Sumatra, dated 683.
Palembang landmarks include the Ampera bridge and the Musi River, the latter of which divides the city into two, Seberang Ilir to the north and Seberang Ulu to the south. The Seberang Ilir is Palembang's economic and cultural centre and the Seberang Ulu is its political centre.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Purwakarta
Purwakarta is a City in the West Java province of Indonesia the capital of Purwakarta Regency. Purwakarta existence is inseparable from the history of the struggle against the forces VOC. Around the beginning of the 17th century Sultan Mataram sent an army led by the Regent of Surabaya and West Java. One aim is to subdue the Sultan of Banten. But in a way that clashed with VOC forces had to withdraw.
After the second expedition was sent back from the troops under the command of Mataram Dipati Ukur and suffered the same fate. To prevent territorial expansion of the Company (VOC), the Sultan of Mataram sent Penembahan Galuh Ciamis named RAA Wirasuta the title Duke or Duke Panatayuda Kertabumi III to occupy Rangkas Sumedang (Eastside Citarum). It also set up defenses in Tanjungpura, Adiarsa, Parakansapi and Kuta game. After the fort was founded Kertabumi III Duke then returned to Galuh and died. Name Rangkas, Sumedang itself turned into Karachi since the marshy condition of the area (Sunda: "Karawaan").
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Purwakarta Regency
Purwakarta Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Purwakarta is its capital.
Its area is 969.82 km2 with 760,220 people in 2005, for a density of 783.88 people per km2.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Ruhr
The Ruhr (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott, Pott or Revier), is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 7100/km² and a population of some 7.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. It consists of several large, formerly industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the Southwest it borders to the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people.
Since the Ruhr is polycentric, coordinates shown are general in nature and so can be used to focus on the entire region of the Ruhr: 51°30′N 7°30′E / 51.5°N 7.5°E / 51.5; 7.5.
From west to east, the region includes the cities of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen, Dortmund, and Hamm, as well as parts of the more "rural" districts Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. Historically, the western Ruhr towns, such as Duisburg and Essen, belonged to the historic region of the Rhineland, whereas the eastern part of the Ruhr, including Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Dortmund and Hamm, were part of the region of Westphalia. Since the 19th century, these districts have grown together into a large complex with a vast industrial landscape, inhabited by some 7.3 million people (when including Düsseldorf and Wuppertal). It is the fifth largest urban area in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow, London and Paris.
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Santiago
Santiago (Spanish: Santiago de Chile (help·info)), also Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation (Greater Santiago). It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1,706.04 ft) above mean sea level. Although Santiago is the capital, the National Congress of Chile meets in the coastal town of Valparaíso, 120 km to the west.
Chile's steady economic growth has transformed Santiago into Latin America's most modern metropolitan area, with extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping centers, and impressive high-rise architecture. It has a very modern transport infrastructure, including the steadily growing underground Santiago Metro, an effort at modernizing public bus transport and a free flow toll-based ring road and inner city highway system, part of which is tunneled underneath a large section of the city's main river Mapocho connecting the Eastern and Western end of the city in a 25-minute drive. Santiago is the regional headquarters to many multinationals and a financial center.
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Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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Siliwangi Stadium
Siliwangi Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Bandung, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium is owned by the Siliwangi Regional Military Commando (Komando Daerah Militer Siliwangi). The stadium holds 21,000 people after renovation in 2011. It is the home stadium of Persib and Bandung F.C..
Coordinates: 6°54′37″S 107°37′10″E / 6.910312°S 107.619367°E / -6.910312; 107.619367
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Slovakia
The Slovak Republic (short form: Slovakiai/sloʊˈvɑːkiə/ or /sləˈvækiə/; Slovak: Slovensko (help·info), long form Slovenská republika (help·info)) is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi). Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is the capital, Bratislava, and the second largest is Košice. Slovakia is a member state of the European Union, NATO, United Nations, OECD and WTO among others. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries during the migration period. In the course of history, various parts of today's Slovakia belonged to Samo's Empire (the first known political unit of Slavs), Principality of Nitra (as independent polity, as part of Great Moravia and as part of Hungarian Kingdom), Great Moravia, Kingdom of Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Empire or Habsburg Empire, and Czechoslovakia. A separate Slovak state briefly existed during World War II, during which Slovakia was a dependency of Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944. From 1945 Slovakia once again became a part of Czechoslovakia. The present-day Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
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Solo, Central Java
Surakarta, often called Solo and less commonly Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people (2009) with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Bengawan Solo River. The city is the seat of Surakarta Sunanate kraton (palace/court). Together with Yogyakarta, Surakarta is the heir of the Mataram Kingdom that was split into two kingdoms in 1755.
Surakarta is also widely known by the name "Solo". "Surakarta" is used in formal and official contexts. The city has a similar name to the neighboring district of "Kartasura," where the previous capital of Mataram was located. The variant spelling "Soerakarta" reflects the Dutch orthography in use before the 1948 spelling reform.
Its ruling family lay claim to being the heirs to the Mataram dynasty. Like Yogyakarta, Solo has two royal palaces.
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South Korea
South Korea ( listen), officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk listen), is a sovereign state in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name "Korea" is derived from Goryeo, a dynasty which ruled in the Middle Ages (an initial "G" in Korean is pronounced like an English "K").
Its neighbors are China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the Korea Strait to the south. South Korea lies in the north temperate zone with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of almost 50 million. The capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of 9,794,304.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period.Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy, though political turmoil and times of military rule and martial law characterized much of the period until the foundation of the Sixth Republic in 1987.
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Subang Regency
Subang Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. It has an area of 2,051.76 km² and population of 1,407,000 (2003). Its regency seat is in Subang.
The regency is divided into 21 subdistricts.
Subang has many interesting attractions, and a variety of artistic and cultural interest. Everything will continue to be developed to achieve the target of vision and mission of "Subang City Tour".
A number of resorts exist in the Subang area to the north of Bandung. These include the following:
The handover of the Republic of Indonesia from the Netherlands to Japan, before independence, 1942. These buildings are in Lanud Suryadharma, Kalijati Sub-District.
Subang Government Website
West Java Province
Indonesian Portal Website
Ciater Spa Resort
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Subang, Indonesia
Subang is the capital of the Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia.
Coordinates: 6°33′27″S 107°45′28″E / 6.5575°S 107.75778°E / -6.5575; 107.75778
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Sukabumi
Sukabumi is a city surrounded by the regency of the same name in the highlands of West Java, Indonesia, about 80 km (50 mi) south of the national capital, Jakarta.
At an altitude of approximately 600 meters (2000 feet), the city is a minor hill station resort, with a cooler climate than the surrounding lowlands. Sukabumi is also a destination for whitewater rafting. Rubber production is a major industry in the area.
In Dutch colonial times, Sukabumi was the site of the colonial police academy. In early 2005, Sukabumi Regency became the first place in Indonesia that polio was reported in ten years, the beginning of a nationwide outbreak of the disease which had been believed to be eradicated in the country.
Made in 804 the Sukabumi inscription' is the earliest evidence of Old Javanese script and language.
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Sukabumi Regency
Sukabumi Regency Indonesian: Kabupaten Sukabumi is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Pelabuhan Ratu is its capital. Sukabumi City is fully encircled by the regency.
There are several beaches such as Pasir Putih Beach (Muara Cipanarikan), Pangumbahan Beach (Turtle Beach), Cibuaya Beach and Ujunggenteng Beach. Batu Nunggul Beach is suitable for surfing with wave height approximately 3 meters in dry season, but only 1 meter height in rainy season.
A 120-meter Caweni Waterfall is located only 200 meters from Cidolog road, about 70 kilometer from Sukabumi and about 25 kilometer from Sagaranten district.
Coordinates: 6°55′11″S 106°55′38″E / 6.91972°S 106.92722°E / -6.91972; 106.92722
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Sumedang
Sumedang is a town in West Java, Indonesia, approximately 35 km northeast of Bandung. The town is just south of the volcanic Mount Tampomas, which is 1,684 m (5,525 ft) high and is usually climbed from the subdistrict of Cimalaka, 7 km from Sumedang.
Sumedang's museum, Prabu Geusan Ulun, houses a collection of traditional Sundanese weaponry, as well as some crown jewels and other finery. It is located on Geusan Ulun Road.
The town is famous for tahu Bungkeng, a local variety of deep fried tofu which was first made by a Chinese immigrant, Ong Kino.
Within the district surrounding the town lies cadas pangeran, a section of trans-java postal road constructed on the order of french governor Willem Daendels during the first quarter of 19th century. The section is famous due to difficulty during the construction, which requires blasting of a mountainside. Hence "cadas" which means mountain rock in Sundanese. The section is finished due to cooperation between the governor, regent Kusumadinata known as "pangeran kornel", and the people of Sumedang, although with no small ill feel on the part of the regent and the people due to forced labor practice. A statue commemorating this event is erected on the section.
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Sumedang Regency
Sumedang Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. Sumedang is its capital. The city of Sumedang is famous for its tofu, Tahu bungkeng, that was first produced by a Chinese immigrant from China.
In August 2011, the project of Jatigede Dam in Cimanuk River has been initialized. The dam capacity is almost one billion cubic metre will be the Indonesian second biggest dam in capacity after Jatiluhur Dam.
An agreement to make a hydro power plant with capacity of 2x25 megawatts and an estimated cost $224.4 million has been signed in December 2011. The production will be incorporated to the Java-Bali 150KiloVolt transmission system in 2015.
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Surabaya
Surabaya (pronounced [surəˈbaja]) (formerly Soerabaja, Soerabaia or Surabaja) is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million (5.6 million in the metropolitan area), and the capital of the province of East Java. It is located on the northern shore of eastern Java at the mouth of the Mas River and along the edge of the Madura Strait.
To Indonesians, it is known as "the city of heroes" due to the importance of the Battle of Surabaya in galvanizing Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution.
Surabaya is locally believed to derive its name from the words sura or suro (shark) and baya or boyo (crocodile), two creatures which, in a local myth, fought each other in order to gain the title of "the strongest and most powerful animal" in the area according to a Jayabaya prophecy. This prophecy tells of a fight between a giant white shark and a giant white crocodile, which sometimes interpreted as a conflict between Mongol forces and Raden Wijaya's Majapahit forces. Now the two animals are used as the city's logo, the two facing each other while circling, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the city zoo. This folk etymology, though embraced enthusiastically by city leaders, is unverifiable.
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Suwon
Suwon (Suwon-si; Korean pronunciation: [suwʌn]) is the provincial capital of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. A major city of over a million inhabitants, Suwon lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Seoul. It is traditionally known as "The City of Filial Piety".
Suwon has existed in various forms throughout Korea's history, growing from a small settlement in tribal times to a major industrial and cultural city today. Suwon is the only remaining completely walled city in South Korea. As such, the city walls are one of the more popular tourist destinations in Gyeonggi Province. As an industrial centre, Suwon houses a large Samsung Electronics factory. Suwon is served by two motorways, the national railway network and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, facilitating transport of commuters, tourists and goods alike.
Suwon is a major educational centre, being home to 14 university campuses. This, along with widespread transport links, draws inhabitants from across the country and foreign population of 1.85%.
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São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Tasikmalaya
Tasikmalaya is a city in southeastern West Java, Indonesia, located between Bandung and Purwokerto on the southerly of the two major road routes across Java. It is also the administrative capital of a regency bearing the same name.
The city is located in the mountainous Preanger region of Java at an elevation of 351 metres (1,151 feet).
The population of the city (excluding the rest of the Regency) was 635,424 according to the 2010 Census. The city is sometimes dubbed "the City of a Thousand Pesantrens" for its abundance of Islamic religious schools.
The city of Tasikmalaya was the site of a widely-reported riot in late December 1996. Four people were killed and several churches and dozens of mostly Chinese-owned businesses were destroyed in the violence, which was triggered by allegations of police brutality. It was also fueled by frustration with allegedly corrupt local government officials. The event was among the earliest of many riots with religion- and class-based undertones that occurred in Java during the late 1990s.
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Tasikmalaya Regency
Tasikmalaya Regency (pronounced [ˈtasɪʔməˈlaja]) (Indonesian: Kabupaten Tasikmalaya) is a regency in the province of West Java, Indonesia. Located in the southeastern region of Priangan (Preanger), the Regency is by far the biggest and the most important regency in East Preanger (Indonesian: Priangan Timur). The Regency is administered from Tasikmalaya City, which however is administratively independent of the Regency (the area and population of the Regency exclude the City). Most of the Regency features green fields, predominantly occupied by agriculture and forestry, whilst farmers settled as the majority of its population. Tasikmalaya regency is well known for its handicrafts (Indonesian: kerajinan anyaman), salak (zalacca), whilst nasi tutug oncom (hot steamed rice mixed with oncom) known as the Regency's famous dish. The Regency is also known as a major religious centre in West Java, which has more than 800 pesantren (traditional Islamic boarding schools).
Whilst the single word of the name does not convey any apparent meaning in its local languages, many believed that the name Tasikmalaya means either "a large area of sand" or "a large area of mountains".
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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
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Thailand
Thailand ( /ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/;Thai: ประเทศไทย, RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj] ( listen)), formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม; RTGS: Sayam), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, the Upholder of the Buddhist religion, and the Defender of all Faiths.
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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West Bandung Regency
West Bandung Regency (Kabupaten Bandung Barat) West Bandung was established in 2007, formerly it was part of Bandung Regency region of West Java. The capital of this regency is Ngamprah, an industrial district on the west side of Bandung. It is part of the Bandung Metropolitan Area.
According to the 'Results of the Social Survey of the District' ('Hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Daerah') in 2007 , the population was 1,493,225 .
The idea of separation of Bandung Regency that divide into 2 autonomous regency were established on 1999, based from current regent H.U. Hatta Djati Permana into the parliament about the approval of separation of Bandung regency, the regent request the parliament to concern and approve the idea of split off the area of Bandung regency. Before the split off successfully completed, Cimahi (an area consists of three sub-district, used to be part of Bandung regency) promoted to became autonomous city. After Cimahi become an autonomous region, the request on split off Bandung Regency (in this point, the separation of Western side of Bandung Regency) is growing. Finally on 2007, the government of Indonesia approved the proposal of separation of Western side of Bandung Regency to became an autonomous regency, the Western Bandung Regency. On its born, this newest regency in West Java were headed by an acting regent H. Tjatja Kuswara (officer from West Java provincial government) until April 2008, when the first direct election of West Bandung Regency Regent, with H. Abubakar and H. Agus Yasmin as the contestants, resulting H. Abubakar with his running mate Ernawan Natasaputra won the election and became the Regent and vice Regent of West Bandung Regency.
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West Java
West Java (Indonesian: Jawa Barat; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon; acronym: Jabar), with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population. Its capital city is Bandung.
The oldest human inhabitant archaeological findings in the region were unearthed in Anyer (the western coast of Java) with evidence of bronze and iron metallurgical culture dating to the first millennium AD. The prehistoric Buni culture (near present-day Bekasi) clay pottery were later developed with evidence found in Anyer to Cirebon. Artefacts (dated from 400 BC — AD 100) such as food and drink containers were found mostly as burial gifts. There is also archeological evidence in Batujaya Archaeological Site dating from the 2nd century,[citation needed] and according to Dr Tony Djubiantono, the head of Bandung Archeology Agency, Jiwa Temple in Batujaya, Karawang, West Java was also built around this time.[citation needed]
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Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (English: /ˌjɒɡjəˈkɑrtə/ or /ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə/,Malay: [jɔɡjaˈkarta]; also Jogja, Jogjakarta) is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region on Java in Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949. One of the districts in Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the capital of Mataram Sultanate between 1575-1640.
Although missing from the historical record since the migration of the capital of Medang kingdom in the 10th century to the eastern Java, the valley area in the south of Mount Merapi since the 15th century still inhabited by many people and perhaps become part of the region called "Pengging".
Kotagede was the capital of Mataram Sultanate now part of districts in Yogyakarta. The palace of the founder of Mataram Sultanate, Panembahan Senopati established in scene of part of Alas Mentaok. After a two times move it Capital, (Palace of Pleret and Place of Kerta, both located in Bantul Regency), The capital of Mataram Sultanate moved to Kartasura.
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Yokohama
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.
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Aa Tarmana
Aa Tarmana was the mayor of Bandung from 1998 to 2004. He was the front-runner for a reelection, but overnight the second-level parliament elected Dada Rosada instead.
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Austria
Austria (i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Dada Rosada
H. Dada Rosada (alternatively Kang Dada), is the mayor of Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia.
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Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels (Hattem, Gelderland, October 21, 1762 – St. George d'Elmina (Dutch Gold Coast, now part of Ghana), May 2, 1818) was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811.
Born in Hattem, Netherlands, on the 21 October 1762, Daendels was the son of Burchard Johan Daendels, the mayoral secretary, and Josina Christina Tulleken. He studied law at the University of Harderwijk, acquiring his doctorate on 10 April 1783.
In 1785, he sided with the Patriots, who had seized power in several Dutch cities. In 1786 he defended the city of Hattem against stadholderian troops. In 1787, he defended Amsterdam against the Prussian army that invaded the Netherlands to restore William V of Orange. After William V was in power again, he fled to France because of a death sentence. Daendels was close witness to the French revolution.
He returned to the Netherlands in 1794, as a general in the French revolutionary army of general Charles Pichegru and commander of the Batavian Legion. Daendels helped unitarian politician Pieter Vreede to power in a coup d'état on 25 January 1798. The group behind Vreede was dissatisfied with the conservative-moderate majority in parliament, which tried to prevent the formulation of a more democratic, centralistic constitution. The reign of Vreede did not bring the expected results, however, and Daendels supported another coup d'état against Vreede on 14 June 1798. In the Batavian Republic Daendels occupied several political offices, but he had to step down when he failed to prevent the Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland in 1799, and became a farmer in Heerde, Gelderland.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Javanese people
Not to be confused with Japanese people.
The Javanese (Javanese Ngoko: Wong Jawa, Krama: Tiyang Jawi;Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. At approximately 85 million people (as of 2009[update]), they form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. They are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of the island. There are also significant populations in most Provinces of Indonesia, in Malaysia, Singapore and also Suriname in South America.
Today, majority of the Javanese people identify themselves as Muslims. Because the Javanese civilization has been influenced for more than a millennia of interactions between the native animism and the Indian Hindu—Buddhist culture, there are traces of their influences in the Javanese history, culture, traditions and art forms. The Javanese are said to be rigid and tight upper lipped in their social interactions with mannerism and Javanese etiquette held high, but today the rules are more relaxed.
Like most Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese of West Java, the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines, reaching Java between 1,500BCE and 1,000BCE.
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Jusuf Kalla
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (help·info) (born 15 May 1942) is an Indonesian politician who was the 10th Vice President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2009 and Chairman of the Golkar Party during the same period. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2009 presidential election. Kalla's name is mentioned as a possible candidate in the run up to the Indonesian presidential election, 2014.
Jusuf Kalla was born on 15 May 1942 in Watampone, South Sulawesi. His parents were Hadji Kalla, a local businessman and Athirah, a woman who sold Buginese silk for a living. He was the second child out of 10.
After completing school, Kalla attended the University of Hasanuddin in Makassar. There, he became active with the Indonesian Student Action Front (KAMI), a student organization which supported General Suharto in his bid to gain power from President Sukarno and was elected as Chairman of its South Sulawesi branch. He also had the beginnings of a political career, becoming a member of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) and Chairman of the Youth Division of Golkar when it still adopted a Joint Secretariat (Sekber) format.
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Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt]) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime. Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time and his campaigns are studied at military academies throughout much of the world.
Napoleon was born in Corsica to parents of noble Genoese ancestry, and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power.
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Nazril Irham
Nazril Irham (Jawi: نازريل ايرهم) or more popularly known as Ariel or Ariel Peterpan (born in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, (Malay family) 16 September 1981) is an Indonesian rock star. He is the lead singer vocalist of multiplatinum band Peterpan. Irham is the youngest of the three Malay brothers in his family. He has also appeared in advertisements. He was arrested in 2010 on charges relating to celebrity sex tapes found circulating on the internet after his laptop was stolen.
Irham majored in Architecture at the Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung.
After that, Ariel made the band again named Sliver, Cholesterol and Topi. Again, it all broke up in the middle of the road. However, the latter band make sizable meritorious career. Some people who joined in Topi, including Ariel, agreed to form a new band named Peter Pan which has survived until now.
Together with Peter Pan, Ariel seeks to penetrate top cafes in Bandung. Peter Pan gives attractive stage performances plus vocal character. Ariel secretly attracted Noey (ex basisst Java Jive), who later became a producer—to enter their songs in the album compilation "The Story of 2002 Nights". The song "Perfect Dream" which was published in a compilation album that went on to become hits. and bring Peter Pan to enter the recording industry.
wn.com/Nazril_Irham -
Sandra Reemer
Barbara Alexandra "Sandra" Reemer (born October 17, 1950 in Bandung, Indonesia) is a Dutch Indo singer of Dutch, Chinese and Javanese extraction. She has represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest on three separate occasions, tying with Corry Brokken for most appearances representing the country.
In 1972, she sang the song "Als het om de liefde gaat" in a duet with Dries Holten (she was credited as "Sandra," he was credited as "Andres"), receiving fourth place. In 1976, she performed solo credited under her real name, singing the song "The Party's Over," which made it to ninth place. In 1979, she was credited as "Xandra" and sang the song "Colorado," which placed twelfth. She later returned to the contest to sing backing vocals (uncredited) for the Dutch entry in 1983, "Sing Me A Song" performed by Bernadette.
wn.com/Sandra_Reemer -
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
Soekarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia.
Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967. He was replaced by one of his generals, Suharto (see Transition to the New Order), and remained under house arrest until his death.
The spelling "Sukarno" is frequently used in English as it is based on the newer official spelling in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soekarno, based on Dutch orthography, is still frequently used, mainly because he signed his name in the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from the period 1947–1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling. The Soekarno–Hatta International Airport which serves near Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia for example, still uses the older spelling.
Indonesians also remember him as Bung Karno or Pak Karno. Like many Javanese people, he had only one name; in religious contexts, he was occasionally referred to as "Achmed Sukarno". The name Soekarno means "Good Karna" in Javanese.
wn.com/Soekarno -
Sundanese people
The Sundanese are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Indonesian island of Java. They number approximately 31 million, and are the second most populous of all the nation's ethncities. The Sundanese are predominantly Muslim. During the 2010 Census the government identified 1,128 ethnic backgrounds in the country, though total figures are not yet released for Sundanese. In their own language, Sundanese, the group is referred to as Urang Sunda, and Suku Sunda or Orang Sunda in the national language, Indonesian.
The Sundanese have traditionally been concentrated in the provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta, and the western part of Central Java. Sundanese migrants can also be found in Lampung and South Sumatra. The provinces of Central Java and East Java are home to the Javanese, Indonesia's largest ethnic group.
Sundanese culture has a number of similarities with Javanese culture, however it differs by being more overtly Islamic, and has a less rigid system of social hierarchy.
wn.com/Sundanese_people -
Tan Joe Hok
Tan Joe Hok (Hendra Kartanegara, Chinese: 陳有福; pinyin: Chén Youfu) (born August 11, 1937) is an Indonesian badminton hero, who along with Ferry Sonneville and a cadre of fine doubles players set the foundation for an Indonesian badminton dynasty by dethroning perennial Thomas Cup champion Malaysia in 1958.
He lived in Bandung until he finished high school. He received his B.S. in Chemistry and Biology from Baylor University, Texas, United States.
He was the first Indonesian to win the All England Open (1959) and the first Indonesian to win a gold medal in Asian Games (1962). He won both the U.S. Open and Canadian Open singles titles consecutively in 1959, and 1960. He has many other notable achievements in the badminton field, both as a player and a coach, most particularly, winning all but one of his singles matches for Indonesia's world champion Thomas Cup (men's international) teams of 1958, 1961, and 1964.
He married Goei Kiok Nio in 1965 and they have two children.
wn.com/Tan_Joe_Hok -
Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin
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Visiting Bandung (Indonesia)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Travelling to another city or country has always been a thrill to most of us. Be it a few kilometres away or a few time zones away, we are all excited for what's there ahead of us. For a full article on my trip to Bandung, visit this link below: www.womenofmalaysia.net Visit our ezine site here: www.womenofmalaysia.net LIKE us on our Facebook page here facebook.com
http://wn.com/Visiting_Bandung_Indonesia
Travelling to another city or country has always been a thrill to most of us. Be it a few kilometres away or a few time zones away, we are all excited for what's there ahead of us. For a full article on my trip to Bandung, visit this link below: www.womenofmalaysia.net Visit our ezine site here: www.womenofmalaysia.net LIKE us on our Facebook page here facebook.com
This is Bandung.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:41
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Went on a trip to Indonesia with my friends (7 of us) Taken with : Kodak Playsport pocket camera I'm suggesting you all to watch it in HD :) Edited by: Ahmad Lao
http://wn.com/This_is_Bandung
Went on a trip to Indonesia with my friends (7 of us) Taken with : Kodak Playsport pocket camera I'm suggesting you all to watch it in HD :) Edited by: Ahmad Lao
- published: 22 Jan 2012
- views: 9413
- author: Ahmadxlao
Dago, Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:02
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
A video of the streets of Bandung. Uncut video of my route to work which takes you past a few sights of Bandung and allows you to experience travel around the city. Some sounds are from around Bandung others from Gary Crabb and some come from Henry Connor.
http://wn.com/Dago,_Bandung
A video of the streets of Bandung. Uncut video of my route to work which takes you past a few sights of Bandung and allows you to experience travel around the city. Some sounds are from around Bandung others from Gary Crabb and some come from Henry Connor.
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 3822
- author: monsieurconnor
The Right Room - Episode 04 (Sensa Hotel Bandung for Shopping Getaways)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:31
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
In this episode, our hosts discover the joys of vacationing in Bandung, Indonesia, also known as the Paris of Java, in their bid to find the right room for friends travelling together on a shopping getaway. Sensa Hotel is a boutique hotel situated right by the Cihampelas Walk shopping district, where spacious rooms command majestic mountain and city views through floor-to-ceiling windows. Adam and Kelly then venture to the irresistible outlet malls and savoury kueh lapis stalls conveniently located near the hotel. For more information and deals on Sensa Hotel, visit www.asiarooms.com Find us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and subscribe to our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/The_Right_Room_Episode_04_Sensa_Hotel_Bandung_for_Shopping_Getaways
In this episode, our hosts discover the joys of vacationing in Bandung, Indonesia, also known as the Paris of Java, in their bid to find the right room for friends travelling together on a shopping getaway. Sensa Hotel is a boutique hotel situated right by the Cihampelas Walk shopping district, where spacious rooms command majestic mountain and city views through floor-to-ceiling windows. Adam and Kelly then venture to the irresistible outlet malls and savoury kueh lapis stalls conveniently located near the hotel. For more information and deals on Sensa Hotel, visit www.asiarooms.com Find us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and subscribe to our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com
- published: 27 Jun 2012
- views: 9999
- author: AsiaRoomsOfficial
holiday in Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
i went to Bandung,Indonesia last week..It was a pretty cool place i ever been since this is the second time i travel out of my country... btw if the video looks weird or something..blame vegas! it went wrong after rendered
http://wn.com/holiday_in_Bandung
i went to Bandung,Indonesia last week..It was a pretty cool place i ever been since this is the second time i travel out of my country... btw if the video looks weird or something..blame vegas! it went wrong after rendered
- published: 19 Jun 2011
- views: 4338
- author: ARproxc
Bandung 2012 - Rz Khalid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:52
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
i just got back from Bandung. It was my second visit there..it was great!!! after few days in Bandung i realized that living in Bandung is not easy. u have to work hard just to survive for a day. the traffic was very crowded. Its hard to move around with big vehicle. i love Bandung!
http://wn.com/Bandung_2012_Rz_Khalid
i just got back from Bandung. It was my second visit there..it was great!!! after few days in Bandung i realized that living in Bandung is not easy. u have to work hard just to survive for a day. the traffic was very crowded. Its hard to move around with big vehicle. i love Bandung!
- published: 23 Sep 2012
- views: 840
- author: ridzuan k
Bandung, Indonesia 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
This is a documentation of my trip to Bandung, Indonesia in July 2011. Music used: "Don't Worry Baby" by The Beach Boys
http://wn.com/Bandung,_Indonesia_2011
This is a documentation of my trip to Bandung, Indonesia in July 2011. Music used: "Don't Worry Baby" by The Beach Boys
- published: 30 Aug 2011
- views: 13098
- author: Caleb Quek
Speed Creed: FOCI Bandung Touring Coverage (Bandung, Indonesia)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE and LIKE! www.speedcreed.net | fb.com/speedcreed | @speed_creed Media inquiries: media@speedcreed.net / mike@speedcreed.net This video is an exclusive coverage of Indonesia's very own Ferrari Owners' Club (FOCI) event by SC's Media Team. Speed Creed is proud to be Ferrari Indonesia's partner in covering this prestigious event on October 6-7 2012. The cruise was an overnight trip to Bandung, a neighboring city located 150KM southeast of Indonesia's capital. Speed Creed is a portal dedicated to sports car owners and enthusiasts in Indonesia. We have a dedicated media team, event organizing team, and a community of enthusiasts for sports cars in Indonesia - a portal like no other in the country. To view pictures of this event: www.speedcreed.net Full set of pictures (registered members only - registration is free!): www.speedcreed.net Special thanks to Ferrari Indonesia, FOCI, The Trans Luxury Hotel, and Kick Andy Foundation. Music: Deadmau5 - Raise Your Weapon (Madeon Remix)
http://wn.com/Speed_Creed_FOCI_Bandung_Touring_Coverage_Bandung,_Indonesia
Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE and LIKE! www.speedcreed.net | fb.com/speedcreed | @speed_creed Media inquiries: media@speedcreed.net / mike@speedcreed.net This video is an exclusive coverage of Indonesia's very own Ferrari Owners' Club (FOCI) event by SC's Media Team. Speed Creed is proud to be Ferrari Indonesia's partner in covering this prestigious event on October 6-7 2012. The cruise was an overnight trip to Bandung, a neighboring city located 150KM southeast of Indonesia's capital. Speed Creed is a portal dedicated to sports car owners and enthusiasts in Indonesia. We have a dedicated media team, event organizing team, and a community of enthusiasts for sports cars in Indonesia - a portal like no other in the country. To view pictures of this event: www.speedcreed.net Full set of pictures (registered members only - registration is free!): www.speedcreed.net Special thanks to Ferrari Indonesia, FOCI, The Trans Luxury Hotel, and Kick Andy Foundation. Music: Deadmau5 - Raise Your Weapon (Madeon Remix)
- published: 10 Nov 2012
- views: 118808
- author: speedcreedcommunity
Factory Outlet Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Factory Outlet Bandung, The Summit, The Secret, FOR MEN
http://wn.com/Factory_Outlet_Bandung
Factory Outlet Bandung, The Summit, The Secret, FOR MEN
- published: 17 Mar 2009
- views: 27112
- author: k4k409
Bandung, Indonesia 1941.A City View, Tempo Doeloe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Bandung has always been known as the Paris of Java, with its cool mountain climate, and the lush countryside surrounding the city. This video was taken of the city only a few months before the Netherlands Indies was invaded by the Japanese Imperial army, effectively ending the Netherlands Indies. Many of the buildings you see today, can be discovered in the 21st century city of Bandung. Enjoy
http://wn.com/Bandung,_Indonesia_1941A_City_View,_Tempo_Doeloe
Bandung has always been known as the Paris of Java, with its cool mountain climate, and the lush countryside surrounding the city. This video was taken of the city only a few months before the Netherlands Indies was invaded by the Japanese Imperial army, effectively ending the Netherlands Indies. Many of the buildings you see today, can be discovered in the 21st century city of Bandung. Enjoy
- published: 25 Jan 2012
- views: 5679
- author: Timescape2012
Bandung, Indonesia, 1947- Terror and War - Tempo Doeloe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
In the year 1947, Bandung named the "Paris of Java" was deeply involved in the struggle for Independence against the returning Dutch colonial government. Watch the Series- "Indonesia, the Independence War" www.youtube.com A popular insurgency against the cities continued occupation by Dutch troops led to a series of bomb attacks and civil disturbances inside the city. Witness the aftermath of one of these intense attacks in 1947.
http://wn.com/Bandung,_Indonesia,_1947_Terror_and_War_Tempo_Doeloe
In the year 1947, Bandung named the "Paris of Java" was deeply involved in the struggle for Independence against the returning Dutch colonial government. Watch the Series- "Indonesia, the Independence War" www.youtube.com A popular insurgency against the cities continued occupation by Dutch troops led to a series of bomb attacks and civil disturbances inside the city. Witness the aftermath of one of these intense attacks in 1947.
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 971
- author: Timescape2012
Singlish - 6: Bandung & Bakugan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Jiajia and big brother talk about Bandung and Bakugan in this episode. Having more Singaporean tourists will surely support this city's economy. But bear in mind most taxi drivers don't speak English there so be sure to bring along someone who speaks bahasa.
http://wn.com/Singlish_6_Bandung_Bakugan
Jiajia and big brother talk about Bandung and Bakugan in this episode. Having more Singaporean tourists will surely support this city's economy. But bear in mind most taxi drivers don't speak English there so be sure to bring along someone who speaks bahasa.
- published: 11 Nov 2011
- views: 108893
- author: liangjiasun
Pumped Up Kicks ( This Is Bandung)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Our Journey From Kuala Lumpur to Jakarta to Bandung. A life without adventure is likely to be unsatisfying, but a life in which adventure is allowed to take whatever form it will is sure to be short. Video Editor : FerdausNorzally
http://wn.com/Pumped_Up_Kicks_This_Is_Bandung
Our Journey From Kuala Lumpur to Jakarta to Bandung. A life without adventure is likely to be unsatisfying, but a life in which adventure is allowed to take whatever form it will is sure to be short. Video Editor : FerdausNorzally
- published: 23 Oct 2011
- views: 8170
- author: Syed Firdaus
Bandung Indonesia 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Bandung Indonesia 2010 My Blog markantonysblog.weebly.com
http://wn.com/Bandung_Indonesia_2010
Bandung Indonesia 2010 My Blog markantonysblog.weebly.com
- published: 04 Jun 2010
- views: 16776
- author: mbreak1
Bandung - Wiki Article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:33
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Bandung (pronounced banˈduŋ) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a p... Bandung - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Creative Commons License Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Uwe Dedering Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License., GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons License Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Feureau Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Merbabu Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License., GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons License 2.5 Generic, Creative Commons License 2.0 ...
http://wn.com/Bandung_Wiki_Article
Bandung (pronounced banˈduŋ) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a p... Bandung - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Creative Commons License Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Uwe Dedering Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License., GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons License Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Feureau Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Merbabu Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:Creative Commons ASA 3.0, Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License., GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons License 2.5 Generic, Creative Commons License 2.0 ...
- published: 25 Oct 2012
- views: 516
- author: WikiPlays
Angklung Udjo Indonesia Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
a young kid makes a comic act at Angklung Udjo musicscool Bandung Java Indonesia
http://wn.com/Angklung_Udjo_Indonesia_Bandung
a young kid makes a comic act at Angklung Udjo musicscool Bandung Java Indonesia
- published: 24 Sep 2008
- views: 37219
- author: akke43
Bandung.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 20 Feb 2012
Een klein De hooggelegen, koele stad Bandung is een stad van tegen de drie miljoen inwoners, dus het is er druk en lawaaierig. De stad ligt op 800 meter hoogte.
http://wn.com/Bandungwmv
Een klein De hooggelegen, koele stad Bandung is een stad van tegen de drie miljoen inwoners, dus het is er druk en lawaaierig. De stad ligt op 800 meter hoogte.
- published: 20 Feb 2012
- views: 477
- author: Willem Stoppels
Indonesian Idol 2012 ~ Kamasean ~ Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Indonesian_Idol_2012_~_Kamasean_~_Bandung
SELEBRITIS BANDUNG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
HENDRA EMUT KABOGOHNA DILEMBUR
http://wn.com/SELEBRITIS_BANDUNG
Trans Studio, Bandung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
2nd day in Bandung, my friends and i spent the afternoon at a small amusement park :)
http://wn.com/Trans_Studio,_Bandung
2nd day in Bandung, my friends and i spent the afternoon at a small amusement park :)
- published: 21 Nov 2011
- views: 11076
- author: Abigail Wiantono
Saung Angklung Udjo - Bandung, Java, Indonesia Part 1 - produced by Henny Renes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:34
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU) is one-stop cultural workshop, consisting of : performance venue, bamboo handicraft centre and bamboo instrument workshop. Apart from that, SAU has an honourable function as an educational laboratory and training centre to preserve the Sundanese culture - Angklung in particular. It was established in 1966 by Udjo Ngalagena and his beloved wife Uum Sumiati, by a strong purpose and dedication to conserve and preserve Sundanese traditional art and culture. SAU illustrates nature and culture in harmony, it is no wonder SAU becomes a noticeable destination where people could experience Sundanese culture as a part of world heritage. Located in eastern Bandung, SAU is a perfect tranquility for enjoying fresh - breeze - air and beautiful bamboo domination, form the bamboo crafts and interiors to the sound of musical instruments.
http://wn.com/Saung_Angklung_Udjo_Bandung,_Java,_Indonesia_Part_1_produced_by_Henny_Renes
Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU) is one-stop cultural workshop, consisting of : performance venue, bamboo handicraft centre and bamboo instrument workshop. Apart from that, SAU has an honourable function as an educational laboratory and training centre to preserve the Sundanese culture - Angklung in particular. It was established in 1966 by Udjo Ngalagena and his beloved wife Uum Sumiati, by a strong purpose and dedication to conserve and preserve Sundanese traditional art and culture. SAU illustrates nature and culture in harmony, it is no wonder SAU becomes a noticeable destination where people could experience Sundanese culture as a part of world heritage. Located in eastern Bandung, SAU is a perfect tranquility for enjoying fresh - breeze - air and beautiful bamboo domination, form the bamboo crafts and interiors to the sound of musical instruments.
- published: 08 Mar 2012
- views: 6970
- author: Henny Renes
Bandung Trip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 21 May 2012
Our short holiday. Lots of walking and shopping.
http://wn.com/Bandung_Trip
Our short holiday. Lots of walking and shopping.
- published: 12 May 2008
- views: 13719
- author: KaydeeShah
You Only Bandung Once
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Epic trip to Indonesia. Hopefully there'll be a sequel "Maybe I Bandung Twice"! PS: No more stretched 1920x816! Anamorphic Filter is now in!
http://wn.com/You_Only_Bandung_Once
Epic trip to Indonesia. Hopefully there'll be a sequel "Maybe I Bandung Twice"! PS: No more stretched 1920x816! Anamorphic Filter is now in!
- published: 07 Jul 2012
- views: 6330
- author: denester
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
10 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the desert of central Australia still resides a primitive tribe known as the Arunta. This non-technological and stateless group, which mainly depends on hunting and gathering, had suffered several inexplicable deaths ... Therefore, they organized an atinga, or revenge group ... When the guiltless tribe learned of their approach, they sent out a delegation of young women as a token of peace....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
12 Dec 2012
MOSCOW. Russia President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday denounced opponents who receive financial assistance from abroad and vowed that the country would not allow democracy to be imposed from the outside. Putin said in his first annual state-of-the-nation address since he returned to the Kremlin for a third term that it should be illegal for anyone who receives money from abroad to be a politician in Russia ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Dec 2012
Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Jakarta Post
13 Dec 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 13 ... Meanwhile, ADHI said it would enter the hotel business next year with the construction of four hotels under the brand name GranDhika in Bandung, Jakarta and Surabaya ... She said construction on the two remaining hotels in Bandung and Surabaya would commence later in the first quarter of 2013 because more paperwork was required as the planned hotels stood on land belonging to other state-owned enterprises ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
Jakarta Post
13 Dec 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 24. It’s that time of the year when we start to ponder how to spend the upcoming holidays, from the big celebrations to the lazy days in between ... Like Rian, many of us will be staying close to home over the holidays, either in Jakarta or nearby Bandung, with lots of attractions to be enjoyed in both cities ... Jakarta. Better shop around ... Surabaya. On history’s trail ... Joining the crowds ... Bandung. More in store ... Ir. H ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Jakarta Globe
13 Dec 2012
Bandung/Palangkaraya. Rescuers working to dig miners out from beneath a landslide that struck Mount Buleud in Sukabumi, West Java, on Monday afternoon have revised the number of those unaccounted for from 21 to just two ... He said initial reports put the number of miners feared buried beneath the landslide or swept away in the strong currents of the Cipanengah River at 21, but most of the missing were confirmed to be safe ... on Monday ... Comr....(size: 3.2Kb)
Jakarta Globe
13 Dec 2012
Andi’s resignation from his position as sports and youth affairs minister may just be the beginning of the end of a government that otherwise would have gone down in history as a successful pioneer of Indonesia’s democratic consolidation ... Yudhoyono trusted him so much that during the Democratic Party’s congress in Bandung in 2010 the president tacitly endorsed his nomination for the party’s chairmanship ... Good governance ... ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
Jakarta Post
12 Dec 2012
Jakarta Post
12 Dec 2012
Jakarta Post
12 Dec 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 14. Indonesia’s easternmost province of Papua will connect to high-speed Internet later than scheduled after the Communications and Information Ministry said that broadband would make headway into the province in 2013 ... He added that major cities and industrial hubs including Jakarta and its surrounding areas, as well as Bandung and Semarang, were already connected to broadband Internet ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
Wall Street Journal
12 Dec 2012
By SIMON HALL ... By 2025 Indonesia's overall energy use will be three times current levels ... Ms ... Agustiawan said ... Looking ahead, Ms ... Eddie Subroto of the Bandung Institute of Technology is more skeptical, noting that Indonesian shale reserves estimated at 570 trillion cubic feet are trapped in much younger rock than in North America, and high levels of volcanic activity have faulted the rock, making it more difficult to extract gas....(size: 7.1Kb)
Jakarta Post
11 Dec 2012
... Citarum River in Ciepundeuy village, Bandung, West Java, on Tuesday....(size: 0.3Kb)
Tempo Interactive
11 Dec 2012
The national selection executive committee director, who is also the rector of the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Akhmaloka, said that in addition to the exemption of charges, next years selection will also be conducted based on report cards from 10th to 12th grade, plus the result of the National Exams ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Jakarta Post
11 Dec 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 8. Indonesia has been suffering from a terrible disease called corruption for many years now. Leaders have risen with the promise to curb corruption, and yet most end up leaving behind a legacy of only more corrupt practices. Corruption, which many consider a legacy from former President Soeharto, has situated itself very well in Indonesia ... Cantika Paramitha R. Bandung ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Jakarta Globe
11 Dec 2012
“How are investment and business prospects of this factory? If they’re good, then, why does the state have to invest? How come no private sector [participant] has joined?” asked Golkar politician Poempida Hidayatulloh during a discussion between the House working committee and Bio Farma directors in Bandung, West Java, on Monday ... There are three different graft cases involving the bird flu vaccine project....(size: 2.2Kb)
Jakarta Globe
11 Dec 2012
Bandung. One miner is dead and at least 21 more are missing after a landslide hit a traditional gold mining operation in Cisolok on Monday night, police said. West Java Police spokesman Sr. Comr. Martinus Sitompul said the landslide buried the mine in West Java's Sukabumi district at around 5.00 p.m. on Monday ... Martinus added that the mine is located on a steep slope some 20 to 25 meters above the ground ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
For other uses, see Bandung (disambiguation).
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (July 2011) |
| Bandung Kota Bandung (Indonesian) |
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| Nickname(s): Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) and Parijs Van Java (Paris of Java) | |||
| Motto: Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |||
 Bandung
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| Coordinates: 6°54′53.08″S 107°36′35.32″E / 6.9147444°S 107.6098111°E / -6.9147444; 107.6098111Coordinates: 6°54′53.08″S 107°36′35.32″E / 6.9147444°S 107.6098111°E / -6.9147444; 107.6098111 | |||
| Country | Indonesia | ||
| Province | West Java | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Dada Rosada | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 167.67 km2 (64.74 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 2,216.6 km2 (855.8 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 768 m (2,520 ft) | ||
| Population (2010 Census preliminary) | |||
| • City | 2,393,633 | ||
| • Density | 14,000/km2 (37,000/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 7,414,560 | ||
| • Metro density | 3,300/km2 (8,700/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) | ||
| Website | www.bandung.go.id | ||
Bandung (pronounced [banˈduŋ]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia[1] with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 km south eastern of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
Since Indonesian Declaration of Independence in 1945, the city has experienced rapid development and urbanization, transforming Bandung from idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km2 metropolitan area, a living space for over 2 million people. Natural resources have been exploited excessively, particularly by conversion of protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal, floods to chaotic traffic system, etc.), Bandung still attracts immigrants and weekend travelers.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Bandung, the capital of West Java province, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta, is the third largest city in Indonesia. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) high Late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic terrain.[2] The 400 km2 flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 km2 wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, part of Bandung Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency.[3] The basin's main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an important source of water for drinking water, irrigation and fisheries, and its 6,147 million m³ of groundwater is a major reservoir for the city.[3]
The northern part of the city is more hilly than the rest; the distinguished truncated flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-down boat') can be seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. In the south and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river are mostly found.
Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as Mount Sunda, erected up to 3,000–4,000 meters (9,850–13,100 ft) during the Pleistocene age.[4] Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin and the other (est. 55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".[5] The lake drained away; the reason for which is the subject of ongoing debate among geologists.[6][7]
Climate[link]
City of Bandung has tropical humid monsoon climate. Due to its elevation, climate in Bandung is cooler than most Indonesian cities and can be classified as humid; the average temperature is 23.6 °C (74.5 °F) throughout the year.[8] The average annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 millimeters in the central and southeast regions to 3,500 millimeters in the north of the city.[3] The wet season conforms with other Indonesian regions, around November to April.
| Climate data for Bandung | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27 (81) |
27 (80) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
28 (83) |
29 (84) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
27 (81) |
28 (82) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19 (67) |
19 (67) |
19 (67) |
19 (67) |
19 (66) |
18 (64) |
17 (63) |
17 (63) |
18 (64) |
18 (65) |
19 (66) |
19 (67) |
19 (66) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 240 (9.45) |
250 (9.84) |
230 (9.06) |
140 (5.51) |
110 (4.33) |
100 (3.94) |
60 (2.36) |
50 (1.97) |
50 (1.97) |
150 (5.91) |
200 (7.87) |
210 (8.27) |
1,830 (72.05) |
| Source: http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=18769&refer==&units=metric | |||||||||||||
History[link]
Main article: History of Bandung
File:BDG asia afrika.JPG
The Historical Asia-Afrika Street, Bandung
The earliest reference to the city dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of Homo erectus species had lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung.[9] During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) opened plantations in the Bandung area. A supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was built in 1786. In 1809, Napoleon I Emperor of the French and conqueror of much of Europe including the Netherlands and its colonies,(before his ultimate downfall at Waterloo in 1815) ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to improve the defensive systems of Java to protect against the British in India. Daendels built a road, stretching approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.[10][11] In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'main post road'), the present-day site of Asia-Afrika Street. Under Daendels' orders, R.A. Wiranatakusumah II, the chief administration of the Bandung regency at that time, moved its office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the city square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical orientation.[12] The pendopo faces Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience.
In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was built,[13] boosting light industry in Bandung. Chinese from outside the city flocked in, to help run facilities, services and selling vendor machines. The old Chinatown district in Bandung is still recognizable in the railroad station vicinity. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality) and then later as stadsgemeente (city municipality) in 1926.
In the beginning of the 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move the capital of Dutch East Indies from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government started building military barracks, the central government building (Gouvernments Bedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. However, this plan, was cut short by World War II, after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony.
The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[14] With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area.[15] Rich plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. Braga Street grew into a promenade street with cafes, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a club house for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.[13] The nickname "Parijs van Java" was given to the city.
After the Indonesian Independence in 1945, Bandung was determined as the capital of West Java province. During the 1945–1949 independence struggle against the Dutch when they wanted to reclaim their colonies, Bandung was one of the heaviest battle places. The Dutch military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants left; an event known as the Bandung Lautan Api or 'Bandung Sea of Flame'.[16]
In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference – also known as the Bandung Conference – was held in Bandung by President Soekarno, attended by head of states representing twenty-nine countries and colonies from Asia and Africa.[17] The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced 10 points of declaration on world peace promotion and oppositions against colonialism, known as the Declaration of Bandung, which followed by wave of nationalism movements around the globe and remapped the world politics.[18] The conference was also the first international conference of people of color in the history of mankind.[19] Richard Wright in his book, The Color Curtain, captured the epic meanings of the conference for people of color around the world.[19]
In 2005, the concurrent Asian-African Conference also taking partly in Bandung, bringing world figures such as President of Indonesia Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki, President of Nigeria Obasanjo, and countless other luminaries.[1]
In 1987, the city boundary was expanded with the Greater Bandung (Bandung Raya) plan; a relocation of higher concentration development outside the city in an attempt to dilute some of population in the old city. During its development, however, the city core is often uprooted, old faces are torn down, lot sizes regrouped, and what was idyllic residence is bustling chain supermarkets and rich banks.[15]
Administration[link]
The city area in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres and by 1987 it was 167.2965 km2.[8] The city administration is divided into 26 subdistricts (kecamatan) and 139 villages (kelurahan). A mayor (walikota) leads the city administration. Since 2008, the city residents directly voted for a mayor, while previously mayors were nominated and selected by the city council members or known as the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel is 20,163.[8]
Subdistricts[link]
Bandung is divided into 30 subdistrict:[20]
- Andir
- Arcamanik
- Astanaanyar
- Babakanciparay
- Bandung Kidul
- Bandung Kulon
- Bandung Wetan
- Batununggal
- Bojongloa Kaler
- Bojongloa Kidul
- Cibeunying Kaler
- Cibeunying Kidul
- Cibiru
- Cicadas
- Cicendo
- Cidadap
- Cijerah
- Cinambo
- Coblong
- Gedebage
- Kiaracondong
- Lengkong
- Mandalajati
- Margacinta
- Rancasari
- Regol
- Sukajadi
- Sukasari
- Sumurbandung
- Ujungberung
Demographics[link]
In 2005 the population of Bandung was 2,290,464, with a density of 13,693/km2 (35,465/sq mi).[21] The May 2010 census count result is 2,393,688 people,[22] making Bandung the third largest city in Indonesia.
Most of Bandung's population are of Sundanese descent. Javanese people are the largest minority; they mostly come from the nearby province and the eastern part of Java. Other minorities include Minangkabau people, Chinese Indonesians and Batak.
Architecture[link]
-
See also: Indonesian architecture
Bandung is renowned for its numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture; most notably the tropical Art Deco architectural style. Henri Maclaine-Pont is among the first Dutch architects who realized the importance of combine each architectural style with culture of the local people. He stressed that modern architecture should evolved from local history and native elements.[23] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the present-day Institut Teknologi Bandung), after which he was named as a professor in architecture at the university. A striking local Javanese roof style is clearly seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall, embedded in his artwork.[23]
In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is an example of a harmonious mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance style of arch structures in the west wing and Thailand's pagoda-like structures in the middle section.[citation needed] The building is known as Gedung Sate, named after the distinguished small satay-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used as the head office of West Java provincial government and West Java's house of representative.
The modern and native architectural blending was followed by several Dutch architects that have shaped the city landmarks. In the 1930s, Bandung was known also as the city of architecture laboratory because of the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the expressionist architecture style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovated the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). C.P.W. Schoemaker was one of celebrated architects who strongly added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarter (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).[23]
Culture[link]
Bandung is considered a major & significant cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are Sundanese. Sundanese language is spoken as the first language and is commonly used as informal language for communication in streets, school, campus, work and markets, while Indonesian - Indonesia's national language and a lingua franca among its many ethnic units — is used as a second language and the language of government, businesses, and instruction at schools.
Tourism[link]
File:Denim store, Cihampelas Street, Bandung.jpg
Denim store, Cihampelas Street
Bandung is a popular weekend destination of residents of Jakarta. The cooler climate of the highland plantation area, the varieties of food, the cheaper fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the city.[24] Bandung is also a popular shopping destination for the good value of its textile and fashion products among Malaysians and Singaporeans.[25]
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Cihampelas Street which transformed into a "jeans street". The city attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wears, as they are cheaper than branded items.[26] Beside at Cihampelas Street, many factory outlets also opened at Riau Street, Setiabudi Street, and Djuanda Street (known as Dago). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed as sisa export (rejected or over-produced export quality items).[27] Bandung Supermal, Bandung Indah Plaza, Ciwalk[clarification needed] (abbreviation of Cihampelas Walk) and Paris van Java are popular shopping centres in Bandung.
Bandung Supermal area includes Trans Studio Bandung with its 4.2 hectares indoor area. Its roller coaster rink is one of the three fastest in the world (the other two are in United States). There are plans to build 3 stars and 6 stars hotels in the same area, which will be a first for Bandung.[28]
Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the north, the striking Kawah Putih volcano lake, and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations about 50 km to the south of the city.
Sports[link]
Bandung is the home town of the Persib Bandung football team. Another team, Persikab, is based in the neighbouring town of Soreang, the capital city of Bandung Regency and Pelita Jaya Jawa Barat (PJJB). It shares its home base stadium with Persikab at Si Jalak Harupat stadium in Soreang and Pro Duta. Persib Bandung's home base stadium is Siliwangi Stadium. Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton and basketball. Garuda Flexi (formerly PanAsia) is a well-known basketball team in the IBL league. The roads leading up to Lembang and Dago are popular routes for mountain cycling during the weekend. In the hillside around Bandung, there are several golf courses.
Media[link]
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia and Tribun Jabar. Several local television station operate in Bandung, such as TVRI Bandung, Space Toon Bandung, Padjadjaran TV, Bandung TV and STV. Many radio stations broadcast from Bandung
Transportation[link]
Bandung can be accessed through 4 highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway, named as Cipularang toll road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, has recently been completed in May 2005. It is currently the fastest way to go to Bandung from the capital. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are 3 other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From eastern part of the cities (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Java province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. Indonesian National Route 3 links Bandung towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati bridge recently opened to the public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-west transport. The 2.8 km cable-stayed bridge lies through the valley of Cikapundung. It is 30 to 60 metres wide and after extensive delays, its construction finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from Kuwait.[29] The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city highways plan.
Taxis are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus, called angkot (from angkutan=transportation and kota=city). They serve certain routes throughout the city, operated privately and cheap, but these city shuttles are not usually known for being comfortable.[30] To find exact angkot routes, information are available through the drivers or at terminals. City-owned buses, called DAMRI, operates on larger relatively long routes. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east. Both are full and will be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares land, while the old terminals will be functioned as inner city terminals. The location of the new terminal will be next of the railways station on 15 hectares area too, both are near of Gedebage container dry port.[31]
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct flights to Jakarta, Medan, Batam, Bandar Lampung, Solo, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Palembang and also international services from Kuala Lumpur, Singapore Changi Airport and Johor Airport. The airport is located nearby the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground.
Bandung has two largest railway stations, i.e. Bandung and Kiaracondong Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (only for freight service). Railway connects Bandung to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang and Cikampek to the west, and Surabaya, Yogyakarta and Solo to the east. It is also the major means of transportation for people living in suburb areas of Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka and Cileunyi. In 2012 Bandung Commuter Train phase-1 will be built to connect Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung and Cicalengka. 13 Trans Metro Bandung corridors will serve as feeders. The phase-2 will connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.[32]
32 shelters of Trans Metro Bandung (similar with TransJakarta) along Soekarno-Hatta street will be finished at August 2011 with cost Rp13.1 billion ($1.54 million). Additional 30 buses will join the current operation 10 busses, after all shelters have been finished.[33]
Since 21 June 2011 Damri operator has launched 2 buses with route Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa vice versa special for women passengers only with women drivers. It accommodated the certain religion needs.[34]
In 5 August 2011 Jusuf Kalla has announced that he would like to build a monorail in Bandung with value about Rp.4 trillion ($470 million).[35]
As of April 2012, the cable car project 'Bandung Skybridge' to connect Pasteur to Sabuga (Taman Sari) is at 90 percent of completion awaiting legal authorization to operate. Upon authorization, it will be operational within a year.[36]
Science and education[link]
There are hundreds of public and private schools in Bandung. Like in other Indonesian cities, Bandung has several state-funded and administered junior high and high schools, called State Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri) and State High Schools (SMA Negeri), respectively. At least sixteen universities—three of which are state-owned universities—and 45 professional schools are scattered throughout the city. Education from social sciences, technology until tourism education can be found in one of those universities.
Among the several universities located in Bandung, Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology), Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Parahyangan Catholic University, Universitas Islam Bandung, (Bandung Islam University), Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia University of Education), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Institute of Technology), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic) and Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung (Bandung Manufacture Polytechnic) are considered among the best universities in their respective fields of specialty in Indonesia. Established 1920, Institut Teknologi Bandung is Indonesia's oldest and most prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) is one of the first institutions of higher education established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best universities in the country in the fields of medical, law, communication, and economic studies.
In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the only observatory in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published and in 1959, the observatory was included as a part of the department of astronomy in the Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology).
Economy[link]
File:Bandung market.JPG
Fresh products at a market in Bandung
Bandung economy is mainly built upon tourism, manufacturing, textile/apparel, education institutions, technology, retail, services, plantation/agriculture, financial, pharmaceutical, food, among others. Those are the major investments and most popular fields/industries being sought here.[1]
Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular destination for education in Indonesia. Creative-based culture has shaped the basis of Bandung economy. The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business and entertainment centre. Chic cafes and restaurants are spreading out along Dago Street. In the early 1990s Cihampelas Street became a popular clothing store location.
The distro sell stylish non-trademarked products, made by local designers. Books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products and other accessories are typical distro products. After their products receive large teenagers attention, then these local designers make their own clothing company. Now, there are more than 200 local brand names in Bandung. The distro distance itself from factory outlets in term of its philosophy. Distros arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products are from garment factories.[37]
Bandung administration has agreed to optimize 7 industrial and trade area which its are the speciality of Bandung:[38]
- Binongjati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center
- Cigondewah Textile Trade Center
- Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center
- Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center
- Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center
- Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center
- Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center
Environmental issues[link]
File:PagarsihTrash.gif
A mountain of trash at Pagarsih Street
The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for Bandung's 2 million people, however, the area has seen much residential development. Several attempts to reserve this area have been made, including the creation of reserves, such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but the development continues. The real danger has come in the form of several floodings in Bandung's south.[39]
In the middle of 2006, Bandung faced another environmental disaster, as the city's land fill site was reevaluated after a landslide in 2005.[40] Collection of 8,000 m3/day domestic garbage piled up, causing air pollution, spreading of diseases, and water contamination. The provincial government eventually stepped in to solve the garbage issues.[41][42]
Notable people[link]
See more at Category:People from Bandung
Sister cities[link]
Main article: List of twin town and sister cities in Indonesia
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
Cebu, Philippines
Fort Worth, United States
Klagenfurt, Austria
Topolcianky, Slovak Republic- Miami, United States
Suwon, South Korea
Bari,Italy
Liuzhou,People's Republic of China
Awards[link]
- 1997: Adipura Award — for the achievement of the most beautiful city in Indonesia.
The Adipura consists of a trophy and an award.
Images gallery[link]
-
East Bandung skyline.jpg
Eastern Bandung skyline
-
Bandung City At Night.jpg
Night skyline of the city
-
One of the many factory outlets in Bandung
References[link]
- ^ a b c Discover Bandung
- ^ W.A. van der Kaars and M.A.C. Dam (1995). "A 135,000-year record of vegetational and climatic change from the Bandung area, West-Java, Indonesia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 117 (1–2): 55–72. DOI:10.1016/0031-0182(94)00121-N.
- ^ a b c Setiawan Wangsaatmaja, Arief D. Sutadian and Maria A.N. Prasetiati. "Groundwater Resource Management in Bandung". Sustainable Groundwater Management in Asian Cities. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fw/report01.html. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ M.N. Kartadinata, M. Okuno, T. Nakamura and T. Kobayashi (2002). "Eruptive History of Tangkuban Perahu Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: A Preliminary Report" (PDF). Journal of Geography 111 (3): 404–409. DOI:10.5026/jgeography.111.3_404. http://www.geog.or.jp/journal/back/pdf111-3/p404-409.pdf. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ Dam, M.A.C. (1994). The Late Quaternary Evolution of the Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia. Ph. D. Thesis. Universiteit van Amsterdam.
- ^ van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949). The Geology of Indonesia, Vol. 1A, General Geology.
- ^ "Sangiangtikoro is not The Leaking Point of The Old Bandung Lake" (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 27 October 2005. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0905/27/0108.htm. Retrieved 20 July 2006. [dead link]
- ^ a b c "Bandung Dalam Angka (Bandung in Numbers)" (in Indonesian) (Press release). Bureau of Statistics. 2003. http://www.bandung.go.id/index.php?fa=download.category&id=1&startpage=1&offset=0. Retrieved 15 January 2007.
- ^ B. Brahmantyo, E. Yulianto and Sudjatmiko (2001). "On the geomorphological development of Pawon Cave, west of Bandung, and the evidence finding of prehistoric dwelling cave". JTM. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080408111619/http://www.geocities.com/ekoy001/PawonJTM-web.htm. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
- ^ "Pramoedya sheds light on dark side of Daendels highway". The Jakarta Post. 8 January 2006.
- ^ Peter .J.M Nas; Pratiwo (2001) (PDF). Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, The High Military Road. University of Leiden. http://www.leidenuniv.nl/fsw/nas/pdf/NasPratiwoPostweg30-10-2001.pdf. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Kunto, Haryanto (1984). Wajah Bandung Tempoe Doeloe. Granesia.
- ^ a b Soemardi, Ahmad R.; Radjawali, I (2004). "Creative culture and urban planning: The Bandung Experience" (PDF). The eleventh International Planning History Conference 2004. http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ "If Only Junghuhn Knows How Cinchona in Indonesia Becomes..." (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 7 June 2004. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060517024534/http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/0604/07/0108.htm. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ a b "An Extremely Brief Urban History of Bandung". Institute of Indonesian Architectural Historian. http://www.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~fujimori/lsai/bandung.html. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
- ^ Sitaresmi, Ratnayu (PDF). Social History of Bandung Lautan Api (Bandung Sea of Fire) 24 March 1946. http://www.bandungheritage.org/images/stories/dokumen/bandung_sea_of_fire.pdf. Retrieved 22 August 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Jamie Mackie, 'Bandung 1955: Non-Alignment and Afro-Asian Solidarity', Singapore, Editions Didier Millet, ISBN 981-4155-49-7
- ^ Jason Parker (2006). "Cold War II: The Eisenhower Administration, the Bandung Conference, and the Reperiodization of the Postwar Era". Diplomatic History 30 (5): 867–892. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00582.x.
- ^ a b Richard Wright (1995). The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0-87805-748-X.
- ^ : DATA KECAMATAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA BANDUNG: Berdasarkan PERDA 2008
- ^ Profil Daerah Jawa Barat
- ^ http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/bandung/2010/09/01/brk,20100901-275625,id.html TempoInteraktif: Bandung Kota Terpadat di Jawa Barat
- ^ a b c W. Wangsadinata and T.K. Djajasudarma (1995). "Architectural Design Consideration for Modern Buildings in Indonesia" (PDF). INDOBEX Conf. on Building Construction Technology for the Future: Construction Technology for Highrises & Intelligence Buildings. Jakarta. http://www.wiratman.co.id/ximages/architecture.pdf. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
- ^ Java Experience http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5
- ^ Malaysians flock to Bandung to shop
- ^ Asia Travel http://www.asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html
- ^ The Lively Pulse of Bandung http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html
- ^ Trans Studio Bandung
- ^ "Kuwait invested USD 1.5 billion in Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 14 October 2002. http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0209/14/ekonomi/kuwa14.htm. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ^ http://www.bandung.world-guides.com/bandung_travel.html
- ^ Gedebage Terminal
- ^ "Transportasi Kota". 29 November 2011. http://koran-jakarta.com/index.php/detail/view01/77287.
- ^ Trans Metro Bandung
- ^ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/21/bandung-introduces-women-only-buses.html
- ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/2011/08/05/jusuf-kalla-siapkan-rp-4-triliun-untuk-monorel-bandung
- ^ ""Bandung Skybridge" akan Direalisasikan". 20 April 2012. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/185342.
- ^ "From Indie to Magic" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 22 August 2003. http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0308/22/muda/504835.htm. Retrieved 21 August 2006.
- ^ "Tujuh Sentra Industri Jadi Ciri Bandung 2013". 6 March 2012. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/179610.
- ^ Fahmudin, Agus; Wahyunto. "Evaluation of Flood Mitigation Function of Several Land Use Systems in Selected Areas of West Java, Indonesia" (PDF). Japan / OECD Expert Meeting on Land Conservation Indicators. OECD. http://www.olis.oecd.org/comnet/agr/landconserv.nsf/viewHtml/index/$FILE/Fahmuddin.PDF.
- ^ SP 18 May 2006 http://www.sp18.com/2006/05/
- ^ "Trash in Bandung Fears Uncollected" (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 23 February 2005. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0205/23/0103.htm.
- ^ "From Bandung Ocean of Flame to the Ocean of Trash" (in Indonesian). Kompas. 25 March 2005. http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0503/14/teropong/1615278.htm.
External links[link]
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| "Pumped Up Kicks" | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:PumpedUpKicks.jpg | ||||||||
| Single by Foster the People | ||||||||
| from the album Torches | ||||||||
| Released | September 14, 2010 | |||||||
| Format | Digital download, 12-inch single | |||||||
| Recorded | 2009 | |||||||
| Genre | Indie pop, alternative rock, neo-psychedelia | |||||||
| Length | 4:11 (album version) 3:38 (radio edit) |
|||||||
| Label | Columbia | |||||||
| Writer(s) | Mark Foster | |||||||
| Producer | Mark Foster | |||||||
| Certification |
|
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| Foster the People singles chronology | ||||||||
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"Pumped Up Kicks" is a song by American indie pop band Foster the People. It was released as the group's debut single in September 2010, and the following year was included on their EP Foster the People and their debut album Torches. "Pumped Up Kicks" became the group's breakthrough hit and was one of the most popular songs of 2011. The song was written and recorded by frontman Mark Foster while he was working as a commercial jingle writer. Contrasting with the upbeat musical composition, the lyrics describe the homicidal thoughts of a troubled youth.
The track received considerable attention after it was posted online in 2010 as a free download, and it helped the group garner a multi-album record deal with Columbia Records imprint Startime International before they had issued a commercial release. The song became both a crossover hit and a sleeper hit in 2011, as it received significant airplay on modern rock and contemporary hit radio stations. The song spent eight consecutive weeks at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States, making it the first Billboard Alternative Songs number-one single to crack the U.S. top 5 since Kings of Leon's "Use Somebody" in 2009. The song was widely praised by critics, and it has been licensed for use in a wide range of popular media since its release. "Pumped Up Kicks" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
Contents |
Recording[link]
Soon after Mark Foster formed Foster the People in 2009, he wrote and recorded "Pumped Up Kicks" in five hours while working as a commercial jingle writer at Mophonics in Los Angeles.[1][2] Thinking that he was just recording a demo, he played all of the instruments on the song. Ultimately, Foster's original version of the song is what ended up being released.[3]
Composition and inspiration[link]
"I like to write about real-life topics, and I like to write about different walks of life. For me, that song was really an observation about something that's happening in the youth culture these days. I guess I wanted to reveal that internal dialogue of a kid who doesn't have anywhere to turn, and I think the song has kind of done its job. I think people are talking about it, and it's become a point of conversation, which I think is a really healthy thing."
—Mark Foster[4]
The lyrics to "Pumped Up Kicks" are written from the perspective of a troubled and delusional youth with homicidal thoughts.[3] The lines in the chorus warn potential victims to "outrun my gun" and that they "better run, better run, faster than my bullet". Foster said, "I was trying to get inside the head of an isolated, psychotic kid."[3] He wrote the lyrics in order to "bring awareness" to the issue of gun violence amongst youth, which he feels is an epidemic perpetuated by "lack of family, lack of love, and isolation".[5][6] The song's title refers to shoes that the narrator's peers wear as a status symbol.[7] The issue of youth violence is a matter close to the group. Foster was bullied in high school, while bassist Cubbie Fink has a cousin who survived the Columbine High School massacre in 1999. Fink said of his cousin's experience, "She was actually in the library when everything went down, so I actually flew out to be with her the day after it happened and experienced the trauma surrounding it and saw how affected she was by it. She is as close as a sister, so obviously, it affected me deeply. So to be able to have a song to create a platform to talk about this stuff has been good for us."[4]
Contrasting with the dark lyrics of the song, the music, which was written first, is upbeat. Foster said, "It's a 'fuck you' song to the hipsters in a way—but it's a song the hipsters are going to want to dance to."[3] Jeffery Berg of Frontier Psychiatrist said, "I was so engrossed with the cheery melody of its chorus that it took me a few listens to discover that the lyrics suggest dark, Columbine revenge."[8]
Due to the opening lyrics, "Robert's got a quick hand," many have speculated that the song is a reference to Robert Hawkins, perpetrator of Omaha's Westroads Mall shooting. The band's publicist refutes this with "This is completely false. The character name in the song is just a coincidence."[9] For play on the television channels MTV and MTVu, the words "gun" and "bullet" were removed from the song's chorus.[10] Foster believes many have misinterpreted the song's meaning, and he has written letters to his record label and called radio stations to complain. He explained, "The song is not about condoning violence at all. It's the complete opposite. The song is an amazing platform to have a conversation with your kids about something that shouldn't be ignored, to talk about it in a loving way."[2]
Release and promotion[link]
Initial attention[link]
"Pumped Up Kicks" drew considerable attention online after Foster posted the song on his website as a free download in early 2010; Nylon magazine used the track in an online advertising campaign,[11] and through various blogs, it went viral.[12] Foster the People first performed the song live at the Stand Up Charity Benefit in Venice in February.[13] The group, yet to be signed, reached additional audiences with performances at the South by Southwest music festival in March 2010.[14] Foster was emailed by many people about the song, and needing professional guidance, he contacted artist manager Brent Kredel at Monotone, Inc., saying, "Everyone is calling me and emailing me—what do I do? Who are the good guys, who are the bad guys?" Kredel recalled that "He went from the guy who couldn't get a hold of anyone to being the guy who had hundreds of emails in his inbox." Kredel and Brett Williams were subsequently hired to co-manage Foster the People, and they helped the group get a multi-album record deal with Columbia Records imprint Startime International in May 2010.[11]
"Pumped Up Kicks" was licensed for use in a July 2010 episode of the TV series Entourage, the first of many instances in which Foster the People's music was licensed in popular media.[11] Wishing to release a record that would back up the song's success, the group wrote new material between July–September 2010.[11] The song received its first widespread radio play in July 2010 on Sirius XM's Alt Nation channel and the Australian radio station Triple J.[15] The song was released as their debut single on September 14, 2010.[citation needed] In November, the University of Maryland's radio station WMUC played the song, marking its debut on US terrestrial radio.[16] The song placed at number 32 in the Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2010,[17] a big achievement due to the band being relatively unknown in Australia. Still, the group was inexperienced as a live act, and as a result, their booking agent Tom Windish secured them several club shows "to help them get their sea legs." Foster the People promoted these concerts in January 2011 by emailing fans who had downloaded "Pumped Up Kicks" from their website, notifying them of the shows. The group continued to grow its fanbase with a month-long residency of concerts in January at The Echo nightclub in Los Angeles. By the group's third show at the venue, according to Windish, "there were hundreds of people trying to get in outside... It was an obvious turning point that could be measured in numbers." The residency also drew the attention of music supervisors in attendance who would later help the group license their music.[11]
Commercial breakthrough[link]
In January 2011, the band issued their first commercial non-single release, a self-titled EP on which "Pumped Up Kicks" appeared. Around the same time, many alternative radio stations began playing "Pumped Up Kicks", including Los Angeles terrestrial stations KROQ-FM and KYSR, and it continued to gain popularity on Alt Nation.[11] Mark Foster credits Sirius XM's airplay with the song's success, saying, "Alt Nation played our music before any other radio outlet in the country."[18] On January 29, the song debuted on Billboard's Rock Songs chart and a week later, it debuted on the Alternative Songs chart. In May, the track debuted at number 96 on the Billboard Hot 100, and later that month, the group released their first full-length studio album, Torches, on which "Pumped Up Kicks" appears.[11] On May 23, 2011, BBC Radio 1 DJ Greg James selected the song as his Record of the Week, which ran until May 27. During this time, James released an accompanying video of him dancing to the song which he entitled and promoted "The Bum Dance".[19]
The song proved to be a crossover hit, peaking at number three on the Rock Songs chart in July and number one on the Alternative Songs chart in June, while breaking into the top 40 of the Hot 100 in late July and appearing on the Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts. Columbia senior VP of promotion Lee Leipsner said, "It was one of the only alternative bands I remember in a while that you could actually dance to. And the fact that the record has a groove and rhythmic feel to it—not heavy guitar-based at all—gave us a wide opportunity to cross the record." He credits the song's crossover success and push into the top 40 to a June presentation of new music by Clear Channel president of national programming platforms Tom Poleman. According to Leipsner, "After we showed our presentation, we had so many Clear Channel major-market programmers come up to us and say, 'The record I want to play besides Adele is Foster the People.'" "Pumped Up Kicks" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, spending eight consecutive weeks at the position.[11] It has been certified 3× platinum in the US, Canada,[20][21] and Australia,[22] while receiving a gold certification in Germany.[23] The song ranked as the sixth-best-selling digital song of 2011, selling 3.61 million copies.[24]
Music video[link]
The music video, directed by Josef Geiger, was filmed at multiple locations in Los Angeles with insert footage from San Francisco[citation needed] and features the band playing a show. There are also cuts to band members doing other activities, such as playing frisbee and surfing. The video peaked at #21 on the MuchMusic Countdown in Canada.[25] The video has received over 83 million views on YouTube.[2]
Reception[link]
Critical reaction[link]
"Pumped Up Kicks" received positive reviews from critics. Barry Walters of Spin said that with the song as their debut single, Foster the People "announce themselves as major players".[26] Jon Dolan of Rolling Stone described the song as having a "slinky groove, misty guitar flange and delicious astral-wimp vocals".[27] Rob Webb of NME drew some parallels between the song and other indie pop hits like "Young Folks", "Paris", and "Kids" describing its rise in popularity as thus: "artist writes (undeniably brilliant) pop song, makes it catchy as hell, but quirky enough for the 'cool' crowd, song subsequently gets some big pimping from every blog/radio station/Hype Machine user on the planet and, seemingly overnight, becomes utterly, irritatingly inescapable."[28] August Brown of the Los Angeles Times called it a "reputation-making single" that "cakes Foster in Strokes-y vocal distortion atop a loping synth bass".[29] Jon Pareles of The New York Times called it a "pop ditty with dazed, dweeby vocals and a handclapping chorus that warns, 'You better run, better run, outrun my gun'".[30] BBC Music's Mark Beaumont called the song a "psychedelic block party skipping tune". Reflecting on the song's fusion of various musical elements, Beaumont said the song is a prime example of how they "adapt Animal Collective's art-tronic adventurousness to incorporate the funky danceability of Scissor Sisters, the fuzzy pop catchiness of 'Kids' and the knack of throwing in deceptively downbeat twists akin to Girls, Sleigh Bells or Smith Westerns".[31] Matt Collar of Allmusic said the song, like other tracks from the album, is "catchy, electro-lite dance-pop that fits nicely next to such contemporaries as MGMT and Phoenix".[32] The Guardian's Michael Hann was less receptive, saying it "amounts to little more than a bassline and a chorus" and that "It's as irresistible as it is infuriating".[33]
Accolades[link]
A Rolling Stone readers poll named it the second-best song of summer 2011.[34] Claire Suddath of Time magazine named "Pumped Up Kicks" one of the Top 10 Songs of 2011.[35] In end-of-year polls, writers for Rolling Stone selected "Pumped Up Kicks" as the 11th-best song of 2011,[36] while the publication's readers voted it the year's sixth-best song.[37] A listeners poll by Toronto radio station CFNY-FM (102.1 The Edge) voted it #1 in a list of the top 102 new rock songs of 2011.[38] Entertainment Weekly selected the song as the second-best single of 2011.[39] NME ranked it number 21 on its list of the "50 Best Tracks of 2011", writing, "Unusually for a song so omnipresent, listening to its hyper-upbeat melodies about a psycho high-school kid-killer is still an enjoyable experience."[40] The magazine's readers voted "Pumped Up Kicks" the year's eighth-best song.[41] At the end of 2011, the song received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.[42]
Impact[link]
In an article for The Huffington Post, DJ Louie XIV singled out "Pumped Up Kicks" as one of several popular songs that helped usher in the return of commercially successful indie music. In discussing the growing acceptance of fringe cultures, he wrote, "It seems only fitting, then, that the soundtrack to this time period should be music that was itself once viewed as fringe culture."[43] Reflecting on the song's success, Gary Trust, the associate director of charts/radio for Billboard, said, "They're walking a tightrope very well in terms of eras, formats and styles. When you mix all that together, it becomes a very good recipe for a hit that works on so many levels. It's the perfect song." Foster said of the song, "There's a spirit there and that's what people resonate with. 'Pumped Up Kicks' wasn't an accident."[2]
Use in popular media[link]
The song was used in TV series such as Entourage,[44] Gossip Girl, CSI:NY, Cougar Town, Homeland, Warehouse 13 and The Vampire Diaries and also in the 2011 films Friends with Benefits[11] and Fright Night, as well as sampled in Shawn Chrystopher's song "All the Other Kids", from his 2010 hip-hop album You, and Only You. The whistling part of the song is part of the rotation of bumper music played on the Michael Medved syndicated radio program. The song is also used on the BBC programme Match of the Day. On October 8, 2011, Foster the People performed the song on Saturday Night Live. The song was also used in Australian beer XXXX's "XXXX Summer Bright Lager" television commercial.[45]
Cover versions and remixes[link]
The official remix of the single was released by New York City-duo The Knocks in April 2011, under the name "Pumped Up Kicks (The Knocks Speeding Bullet Remix)", and was made available to subscribers to the band's email list. The song was covered by Weezer during their 2011 North American Tour, at the Orange County Fair on August 4, 2011. Weezer also played the song during their grandstand performance at the Minnesota State Fair on September 3, 2011.[46] Mark Foster said in reaction, "Nine years ago, I met Rivers Cuomo at a party, and I had my acoustic guitar with me. He taught me how to play 'Say It Ain't So'. So nine years later, to watch him play one of my songs - it was wild. I can't wait to meet him and remind him of that story."[47]
In 2011, The Kooks covered song in BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge.[48] Australian musician Owl Eyes performed a version of "Pumped Up Kicks" for Triple J's Like a Version. In the Triple J Hottest 100, 2011, Owl Eyes' version came in at 28, four positions higher than the original did the previous year. Singer-songwriters Dani Shay and Justin Chase covered the song in a theatrical music video October 2011[49] and released the single in November 2011.[50] A parody of the song was performed by Taylor Swift and Zac Efron on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, as a serenade to the host. Its lyrics were about how they felt weird when Ellen used to put them as a couple when they were not.[51] On March 12, 2012 singers Lex Land and Charlotte Sometimes performed the song during the second "Battle Round" episode of The Voice.[52]
Track listing[link]
| UK digital download[53] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
| 1. | "Pumped Up Kicks" | 3:58 | ||||||||
| 2. | "Pumped Up Kicks" (Chrome Canyon Remix) | 4:49 | ||||||||
| Vinyl – side A[54] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
| 1. | "Pumped Up Kicks" | 4:13 | ||||||||
| 2. | "Chin Music for the Unsuspecting Hero" | 3:26 | ||||||||
| Vinyl – side B[54] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
| 1. | "Pumped Up Kicks" (a cappella) | 4:13 | ||||||||
| 2. | "Pumped Up Kicks" (instrumental) | 4:13 | ||||||||
Charts[link]
Release history[link]
| Country | Date | Format | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | September 14, 2010[54] | Vinyl | Columbia Records |
| United Kingdom | June 19, 2011[53] | Digital download |
See also[link]
- List of number-one Billboard Alternative Songs of 2011
- List of number-one dance airplay hits of 2011 (U.S.)
- List of number-one singles of 2012 (Australia)
References[link]
- ^ Martens, Todd (June 26, 2011). "Foster the People: Pumped up, indeed". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/26/entertainment/la-ca-foster-the-people-20110626. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Barker, Olivia (November 6, 2011). "Foster the People's 'Pumped Up Kicks' has legs". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/story/2011-11-30/foster-the-people-pumped-up-kicks/51071462/1. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Doyle, Patrick (June 8, 2011). "Band to Watch: Foster the People's Pumped-up Psych-Pop". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/band-to-watch-foster-the-peoples-pumped-up-psych-pop-20110608. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
- ^ a b Quan, Denise (January 10, 2012). "Foster the People on inspiration, odd jobs and meeting Bono". CNN.com. Turner Broadcasting System. http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/10/showbiz/music/foster-the-people-interview/index.html?hpt=hp_bn4. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- ^ Faith-Ann Young (March 14, 2011). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW Foster The People Open Up About Their New Album, Gun Violence, And Bungee Jumping On Stage At Coachella". KROQ-FM. http://kroq.radio.com/2011/03/14/exclusive-interview-foster-the-people-open-up-about-their-new-album-gun-violence-and-bungee-jumping-on-stage-at-coachella/2/. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ Allison Stewart (June 22, 2011). "Be specific: Foster the People’s Mark Foster talks about "Pumped Up Kicks," a sunny and violent new hit". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/click-track/post/be-specific-foster-the-peoples-mark-foster-talks-about-pumped-up-kicks-a-sunny-and-violent-new-hit/2011/06/22/AGjf48fH_blog.html. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ Welch, Andy (2012-03-06). "Pumped up Kicks". Irish Independent. http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/pumped-up-kicks-3039448.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Jeffery Berg (May 23, 2011). "Foster the People – A Review of Torches". frontpsych.com. http://frontpsych.com/2011/05/23/foster-the-people-a-review-of-torches/. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ Coffey, Kevin (August 18, 2011). "Band says song not about Von Maur shooter". http://omaha.com. Omaha World-Herald. http://www.omaha.com/article/20110818/LIVING/708189973. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ Richard Huff (June 28, 2011). "MTVu censors Foster the People's music video hit 'Pumped Up Kicks'". NY Daily News. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-06-28/entertainment/29731837_1_mtvu-mtv-family-music-video. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Peters, Mitchell (October 3, 2011). "Foster the People: How a Free Download Begat a Business". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/news/foster-the-people-how-a-free-download-begat-1005379692.story?page=1. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
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