| Barney Frank |
 |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 4th district |
| Incumbent |
Assumed office
January 3, 1981 |
| Preceded by |
Robert Drinan |
| Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee |
In office
January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 |
| Preceded by |
Mike Oxley |
| Succeeded by |
Spencer Bachus |
| Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 8th Suffolk District |
In office
January 3, 1979 – January 7, 1981 |
| Preceded by |
Francis D. Dailey |
| Succeeded by |
Thomas J. Vallely |
| Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 5th Suffolk District |
In office
January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1979 |
| Preceded by |
Eliot Wadsworth |
| Succeeded by |
Daniel F. Pokaski |
| Personal details |
| Born |
Barnett Frank
(1940-03-31) March 31, 1940 (age 72)
Bayonne, New Jersey |
| Political party |
Democratic |
| Domestic partner |
Jim Ready |
| Relations |
Sister: Ann Lewis[1] |
| Residence |
Newton, Massachusetts |
| Alma mater |
Harvard College
Harvard Law School |
| Occupation |
Attorney, United States Representative |
| Committees |
House Financial Services Committee |
| Website |
www.house.gov/frank |
Barney Frank (born March 31, 1940) is the U.S. Representative for Massachusetts's 4th congressional district since January 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the former chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011) and is considered the most prominent gay politician in the United States.[2][3]
Born and raised in New Jersey, Frank graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He worked as a political aide before winning election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1972. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 with 52 percent of the vote. He has been re-elected ever since by wide margins. In 1987 he came out as gay, becoming the first member of Congress to do so voluntarily. From 2007 to 2011, Frank served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, where he remains the ranking Democrat.
On November 28, 2011, Frank announced that he would retire from the Congress at the conclusion of his term in 2013.[4] On January 26, 2012 it was announced in The Hill that Frank would marry his partner James Ready.[5]
Frank was born Barnett Frank[6] to a Jewish family in Bayonne, New Jersey, one of four children of Elsie (née Golush) and Samuel Frank.[7] Frank's father ran a Jersey City truck stop — a place Frank describes as "totally corrupt" — and served a year in prison, when Frank was 6 or 7, for refusing to testify to a grand jury against Frank's uncle.[8] Frank was educated at Harvard College, where he resided in Matthews Hall his first year and then in Kirkland House and Winthrop House, graduating in 1962. Frank's undergraduate studies were interrupted by the death of his father, and Frank took a year off to help resolve the family's affairs prior to his graduation.[8] In 1964, he was a volunteer in Mississippi during Freedom Summer.[9] He taught undergraduates at Harvard while studying for a PhD in Government, but left in 1968 before completing the degree, to become Boston mayor Kevin White's Chief Assistant, a position he held for three years. He then served for a year as Administrative Assistant to Congressman Michael J. Harrington. Frank later graduated from Harvard Law School, in 1977, where he was once a student of Henry Kissinger,[10] while serving as Massachusetts State Representative.
In 1972 Frank was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives where he served for eight years. Frank made a name for himself in the mid-1970s as a political defender of the Combat Zone, Boston's notorious red light district. Neighborhoods in Frank's district bordered the Combat Zone. As a means of dealing with crime in the area (including violence, police corruption and the infiltration by organized crime), Frank introduced a bill into the Massachusetts General Court that would have legalized the sex-for-hire business but kept it quarantined in a red light district, which would have been moved to Boston's Financial District.[11][12] The bill, which had the support of Boston's Police Commissioner, never came up for a vote. Later, when Frank was running for Congress, opponents erroneously portrayed him having attempted to permit red light districts in all Bay State communities.
While in state and local government, Frank taught part time at the University of Massachusetts Boston, the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and at Boston University. He published numerous articles on politics and public affairs, and in 1992 he published Speaking Frankly, an essay on the role the Democratic Party should play in the 1990s. In 1979, Frank was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts.
1981,
Congressional Pictorial Directory – Frank's first term as Congressman
In 1980, Frank ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 4th congressional district, hoping to succeed Father Robert Drinan, who had left Congress following a call by Pope John Paul II for priests to withdraw from political positions. In the Democratic primary held on September 16, 1980, Frank won 52% of the vote in a four-candidate field.[13][14] As the Democratic nominee, Frank faced Republican Richard A. Jones in the general election and won narrowly, 52%–48%.[15][16]
For his first term, Frank represented a district in the western and southern suburbs of Boston, anchored by Brookline and his hometown of Newton. However, in 1982, redistricting forced him to run against Republican Margaret Heckler, who represented a district centered on the South Coast, including Fall River and New Bedford. Although the newly configured district retained Frank's district number — the 4th — it was geographically more Heckler's district. Frank focused on Heckler's initial support for President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and won with 60% of the vote.[17]
Frank did not face another serious race again for a quarter-century.[18][19] From 1984 to 2008, he won re-election 12 times with at least 67% of the vote.[20]
In 2010, Frank ran for his 16th term. Public opinion polling showed Frank facing his first credible challenge since defeating Heckler in 1982. He faced Republican Sean Bielat, a U.S. Marine veteran and businessman.[21] In mid-September, an internal poll showed Frank leading 48%–38%.[22] In late October, he loaned his campaign $200,000.[23] In early October, the Cook Political Report changed its assessment of the district from “solid Democratic” to “likely Democratic”--meaning that while Frank was favored, a victory by Bielat could not be entirely ruled out. While Frank had a 3-to-1 advantage in terms of cash on hand, Bielat outraised him in September.[24] On October 25, a Boston Globe survey showed Frank leading 46%–33%.[25] Bielat released a TV ad showing Frank dancing under a disco ball, with the message that he was "dancing around the issues."[26] Frank won re-election to his 16th term, 54%–43%.[27]
On November 28, 2011, Frank announced at a news conference that he would not seek re-election in 2012.
In 1985 Frank was still closeted. That year he hired Steve Gobie for sex, a male prostitute, and they became friends more than sexual partners.[28] Frank housed Gobie and hired him with personal funds as an aide, housekeeper and driver and paid for his attorney and court-ordered psychiatrist.[28] In 1987 Frank kicked Gobie out after he was advised by his landlord that Gobie kept escorting despite the support and was doing so in the residence.[28][29] Later that year Gobie's friends convinced him he had a gay male version of Mayflower Madam, a TV movie they had been watching.[28] In 1989 Gobie tried to initiate a bidding war for the story between WUSA-TV (Channel 9), the Washington Times, and The Washington Post.[28] He then gave the story to The Washington Times for nothing, in hopes of getting a book contract.[29] Amid calls for an investigation Frank asked the House Ethics Committee to investigate his relationship "in order to insure that the public record is clear."[30] The Committee found no evidence that Frank had known of or been involved in the alleged illegal activity and dismissed all of Gobie's more scandalous claims; they recommended a reprimand for Frank using his congressional office to fix 33 of Gobie's parking tickets and for misstatements of fact in a memorandum relating to Gobie's criminal probation record.[31] The House voted 408–18 to reprimand Frank.[32][33] The attempts to censure and expel Frank were led by Republican Larry Craig, whom Frank later criticized for hypocrisy[34] after Craig's own arrest in 2007 for lewd conduct while soliciting gay sex in an airport bathroom.[35][36][37] Frank won re-election that year with 66 percent of the vote, and has won by larger margins until the 2010 Mid-term elections when Frank only won by eleven points.[38]
Frank is known for his quick wit.[39] In one famous quip he said he was unable to complete his review of the Starr Report detailing President Bill Clinton's relationship with Monica Lewinsky, complaining that it was "too much reading about heterosexual sex".[40] In 2004 and again in 2006, a survey of Capitol Hill staffers published in Washingtonian gave Frank the title of the "brainiest", "funniest", and "most eloquent" member of the House.[41] In 2008 the same survey named him "brainiest", and runner up for "workhorse", and "most eloquent",[42] in 2010 he was named "brainiest", "workhorse", and "funniest".[43] He is also widely considered to be one of the most powerful members of Congress.[3][44][45] In his book Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches, Democratic speech writer Josh Gottheimer describes Frank as "one of the brightest and most energetic defenders of civil rights issues."[46]
In 2003, while the ranking minority member on the Financial Services Committee, Frank opposed a Bush administration proposal, in response to accounting scandals, for transferring oversight of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from Congress and the Department of Housing and Urban Development to a new agency that would be created within the Treasury Department. The proposal, supported by the head of Fannie Mae, reflected the administration's belief that Congress "neither has the tools, nor the stature" for adequate oversight. Frank stated, "These two entities ...are not facing any kind of financial crisis ... The more people exaggerate these problems, the more pressure there is on these companies, the less we will see in terms of affordable housing."[47] In 2003, Frank also stated what has been called his "famous dice roll":[48] "I do not want the same kind of focus on safety and soundness [in the regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac] that we have in the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Office of Thrift Supervision. I want to roll the dice a little bit more in this situation towards subsidised housing."[49] In July 2008, Frank said in an CNBC interview, "I think this is a case where Fannie and Freddie are fundamentally sound, that they are not in danger of going under. They’re not the best investments these days from the long-term standpoint going back. I think they are in good shape going forward."[50]
Frank was criticized by conservative organizations for campaign contributions totaling $42,350 between 1989 and 2008. Bill Sammon, the Washington managing editor for Fox News Channel, claimed the donations from Fannie and Freddie influenced his support of their lending programs, and said that Frank did not play a strong enough role in reforming the institutions in the years leading up to the Economic crisis of 2008.[51] In 2006 a Fannie Mae representative stated in SEC filings that they "did not participate in large amounts of these non-traditional mortgages in 2004 and 2005."[52] In response to criticism, Frank said, "In 2004, it was Bush who started to push Fannie and Freddie into subprime mortgages, because they were boasting about how they were expanding homeownership for low-income people. And I said at the time, 'Hey — (a) this is going to jeopardize their profitability, but (b) it's going to put people in homes they can't afford, and they're gonna lose them.'"[8]
In 2009 Frank responded to what he called "wholly inaccurate efforts by Republicans to blame Democrats, and [me] in particular" for the subprime mortgage crisis, which is linked to the financial crisis of 2007–2009.[53] He outlined his efforts to reform these institutions and add regulations, but met resistance from Republicans, with the main exception being a bill with Republican Mike Oxley that died because of opposition from President Bush.[53] The 2005 bill included Frank objectives, which were to impose tighter regulation of Fannie and Freddie and new funds for rental housing. Frank and Mike Oxley achieved broad bipartisan support for the bill in the Financial Services Committee, and it passed the House. But the Senate never voted on the measure, in part because President Bush was likely to veto it. "If it had passed, that would have been one of the ways we could have reined in the bowling ball going downhill called housing," Oxley told Frank. In an op-ed piece in the Wall Street Journal, Lawrence B. Lindsey, a former economic adviser to President George W. Bush, wrote that Frank "is the only politician I know who has argued that we needed tighter rules that intentionally produce fewer homeowners and more renters."[8] Once control shifted to the Democrats, Frank was able to help guide both the Federal Housing Reform Act (H.R. 1427) and the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act (H.R. 3915) to passage in 2007.[53] Frank also said that the Republican-led Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999, which repealed part of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 and removed the wall between commercial and investment banks, contributed to the financial meltdown.[53] Frank further stated that "during twelve years of Republican rule no reform was adopted regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In 2007, a few months after I became the Chairman, the House passed a strong reform bill; we sought to get the [Bush] administration's approval to include it in the economic stimulus legislation in January 2008; and finally got it passed and onto President Bush's desk in July 2008. Moreover, "we were able to adopt it in nineteen months, and we could have done it much quicker if the [Bush] administration had cooperated."[54]
Congressmen Ellison & Frank at Financial Services Field Hearing on Home Foreclosures in Minneapolis.
As former chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, beginning in 2007, Frank was "at the center of power".[18] Frank has been a critic of aspects of the Federal Reserve system, partnering with some Republicans in opposition to some policies.[55] Frank says that he and Republican Congressman Ron Paul "first bonded because we were both conspicuous nonworshipers at the Temple of the Fed and of the High Priest Alan Greenspan."[55]
Frank has been involved in mortgage foreclosure bailout issues.[56] In 2008 Frank supported passage of the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act, intended to protect thousands of homeowners from foreclosure.[18] This law, H.R. 3221, is considered one of the most important and complex issues on which he worked.[18][57] In an August 2007 op-ed piece in Financial Times, Frank wrote, "In the debate between those who believe in essentially unregulated markets and others who hold that reasonable regulation diminishes market excesses without inhibiting their basic function, the subprime situation unfortunately provides ammunition for the latter view."[58] Frank was also instrumental in the passage of H.R. 5244, the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, a measure that drew praise from editorial boards and consumer advocates.[59][60][61] In 2007 Frank co-sponsored legislation to reform the Section 202 refinancing program, which is for affordable housing for the elderly, and Section 811 disabled programs.[62] Frank has been a chief advocate of the National Housing Trust Fund,[8] which was created as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 and was the first affordable housing program to be enacted by the Congress since 1990.[63]
During the subprime mortgage crisis, Frank was characterized as "a key deal-maker, an unlikely bridge between his party's left-wing base and [...] free market conservatives" in the Bush administration.[64][65] Hank Paulson, the U.S. Treasury Secretary for the Bush administration, said he enjoyed Frank's penchant for brokering deals, "he is looking to get things done and make a difference, he focuses on areas of agreement and tries to build on those."[64]
The New York Times noted that the Federal Housing Administration's crucial role in the nation's housing market, providing low-down-payment mortgages during the crisis of 2007–2010 when no mortgages would otherwise have been available, "helped avert full-scale disaster" by helping people purchase or refinance homes and thereby putting a floor under falling home prices. However, due to the tighter flow of credit from the banks, total FHA loans in 2009 were four times that of 2006, raising concern that year that if the economy were to dip back into recession, more Fed funds could be required to keep those loans afloat. Frank's response was that the additional defaults — 2.2% more of the total portfolio in 2009 than the year before — were worth the economic stabilization of the broader policy, noting "It was an effort to keep prices from falling too fast." In that context, he opined, "I don't think it's a bad thing that the bad loans occurred." In fact, the unprecedented number of loans made since 2008 were noted to be performing far better than those in the prior two years.[66]
Frank in his congressional office in 2002
In 2009 Frank had a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America indicating a pro-choice voting record.[67] He voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act,[68] against the Unborn Victims of Violence Act[69] and against restrictions on the transportation of minors across state lines by non-family members to circumvent local abortion laws. In 1993 Frank co-sponsored the "Freedom of Choice Act" (H.R.25) (1993-H25) to "protect the reproductive rights of women".[70][71] In 2006 he co-sponsored the "Compassionate Assistance for Rape Emergencies Act" (S.3945) 06-S3945), a bill for "emergency contraception for rape victims".[70] In 2007 his co-sponsored the "Compassionate Care for Servicewomen Act" (S.1800 & HR.2064) (07-HR2064) to "providing emergency contraception at military facilities"; the "Prevention First Act" (S.21&H.R.463 2009-S21) to "expand access to preventive health care services that help reduce unintended pregnancy, reduce abortions, and improve access to women's health care".[70]
In 1987, Frank was the Chair of the important House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations in the 100th Congress. In this position, he was one of the staunchest supporters of redress and reparations for Japanese American internment during World War II.[72][73] In 2001 Frank co-sponsored an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to apply equal rights based on gender differences.[74] In 2002 he co-sponsored the "Federal Agency Protection of Privacy Act" (H.R.4561) to require a "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules.[74] In 2002 he was scored at 93% by the American Civil Liberties Union on civil rights issues indicating a pro-civil rights voting record.[74]
In 2006, Frank was one of three Representatives to oppose the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act, which restricted protests (notably those of Fred Phelps' Westboro Baptist Church) at soldiers' funerals. He opposed the bill, which passed unanimously in the Senate, on civil liberties and constitutional grounds. Frank said of the vote, "I think it's very likely to be found unconstitutional. It's true that when you defend civil liberties you are typically defending people who do obnoxious things... You play into their hand when you let them provoke you into overdoing it. I don't want these thugs to [make the] claim [that] America is hypocritical."[75] The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People scored him at 100% in 2006 indicating a pro-affirmative-action stance.[74]
In 2007 Frank co-sponsored the "Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act" (S.2521/H.R.4838) to "provide benefits to domestic partners of Federal employees".[74] The same year he co-sponsored the "Equal Rights Amendment" (S.J.RES.10/H.J.RES.40) to "strengthen the ongoing efforts of women across the country to obtain equal treatment."[74] In 2009 he signed bills recognizing the 40th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots and the 100th anniversary of the NAACP.[74]
Frank has been outspoken on many civil rights issues, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights. In 1987, he publicly came out as gay.[76] In 1990, Frank was instrumental in crafting the 1990 Immigration Act, which restated the reasons for which a person could be denied entry into the country. The act did not include "sexual preference exclusion[s]", reforming earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]".[77] He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the minority. I'm a left-handed gay Jew. I've never felt, automatically, a member of any majority." In 1995, then-Republican House Majority Leader Dick Armey famously referred to Frank as "Barney Fag" in a press interview. Armey apologized and said it was "a slip of the tongue". Frank did not accept Armey's explanation, saying "I turned to my own expert, my mother, who reports that in 59 years of marriage, no one ever introduced her as Elsie Fag."[78] In 1998, Frank founded the National Stonewall Democrats, the national LGBT Democratic organization.
In 2006, Frank and incoming House Speaker Nancy Pelosi were accused by Rep. John Hostettler (R-IN) of having a "radical homosexual agenda"; Frank responded "I do have things I would like to see adopted on behalf of LGBT people: they include the right to marry the individual of our choice; the right to serve in the military to defend our country; and the right to a job based solely on our own qualifications.[8][79] I acknowledge that this is an agenda, but I do not think that any self-respecting radical in history would have considered advocating people's rights to get married, join the army, and earn a living as a terribly inspiring revolutionary platform."[79] Frank's stance on outing gay Republicans has been called the "Frank Rule" whereby a closeted person who uses their power, position, or notoriety to hurt LGBT people can be outed.[80] The issue became relevant during the Mark Foley scandal of 2006, during which Frank clarified his position on HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher: "I think there's a right to privacy. But the right to privacy should not be a right to hypocrisy. And people who want to demonize other people shouldn't then be able to go home and close the door and do it themselves."[81]
In February 2009, Frank was one of three openly gay members of Congress, along with Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin and Jared Polis of Colorado. In April 2009 Frank was named in the LGBT magazine Out's "Annual Power 50 List", landing at the top spot.[3]
In 2006 the Human Rights Campaign scored him at 100% indicating a pro-gay-rights stance.[74]
In 2000 Frank was rated at 89% by Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants indicating pro-rehabilitation crime votes.[82] He co-sponsored "Innocence Protection Act of 2001" (H.R. 912, S.486) to "reduce the risk that innocent persons may be executed [by examining DNA evidence more thoroughly]" and the "National Death Penalty Moratorium Act of 2001" (H.R.1038, S.233) to limit capital punishment until the National Commission on the Death Penalty reviewed the "fairness of the imposition of the death penalty".[82] In 2001 he also co-sponsored the "Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act" (01-HR1343) to "provide Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions to prosecute hate crimes."[82] Frank co-sponsored the "Recidivism Reduction and Second Chance Act of 2007" to reducing recidivism. (this became Public Law No: 110-199).[82]
In 2001 Frank authored the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop federal government from preempting states' medical marijuana laws.[83] He has consistently voted for the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher amendment, annually proposed by Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), that would prohibit the United States Department of Justice from prosecuting medical marijuana patients.[84] In March 2008, he proposed the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008 (HR 5843), which would have decriminalized small amounts of the drug but died in committee during the 110th Congress. On June 18, 2009 he re-introduced the bill as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009 (HR 2943).[85] Commenting on legislation to remove federal criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use, Frank stated "In a free society a large degree of human activity is none of the government's business. We should make criminal what's going to hurt other people and other than that we should leave it to people to make their own choices."[86] In 2003 he was rated "A" by Vote Hemp, indicating a pro-hemp voting record.[87] In 2006 he was rated "+30" by NORML, indicating a pro-drug-reform stance.[87] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Drug Sentencing Reform & Kingpin Trafficking Act" ((S.1711) 07-S1711) to "target cocaine kingpins and address sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine".[87] In 2008 Frank sponsored "Removing Impediments to Students Education" (RISE) ((H.R.5157) 08-HR5157) to allow rehabilitated drug offenders to get student loans.[87]
In 2009 Frank signed the "Community AIDS and Hepatitis Prevention Act" (HR 179 2009-H179) to "use Federal funds for syringe exchange programs for purposes of reducing the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV and viral hepatitis" and the Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009 (H.R.1866 2009-H1866) to "grant each state regulating authority for the growing and processing of industrial hemp."[87]
Frank is a member of the Congressional Internet Caucus established in 1996 to "promoting growth and advancement of the Internet and advance the United States' world leadership in the digital world".[88] In 2001 he co-sponsored the "Anti-Spamming Act" (01-HR718) to protect people and businesses from "unsolicited and unwanted electronic mail".[88] In 2006 Frank voted for the "Communications, Opportunity, Promotion, and Enhancement Act" (Bill HR 5252 Amendment 987) to "establish "network neutrality" (non-tiered Internet)."[88] In 2008 Frank voted against the "FISA Amendments Act" (Bill HR6304) which would give retroactive immunity for those involved in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.[88] The same year he co-sponsored overturning FCC approval of media consolidation (S.J.RES.28&H.J.RES.79 2008-SJR28).[88]
In 1993 he co-sponsored "Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments" (H.R.3392) to regulate more contaminants under the Clean Water Act.[89] In 2001 Frank co-sponsored the "National Forest Protection and Restoration Act" (H.R.1494) to "prohibiting commercial logging on Federal public lands".[89] In 2003 he was rated 95% by the League of Conservation Voters indicating pro-environment votes.[89] In 2007 he co-sponsored the "Great Cats and Rare Canids Act" (H.R.1464) to "provide financial resources and to foster international cooperation for promoting conservation of rare felids & canids".[89] In the same year he co-sponsored the "Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act" (S.261/H.R.137) to "strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting".[89]
In 1996 Frank co-sponsored the "Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act" (H.R.4111. Became Public Law No: 104-238.) to "to provide educational assistance to the dependents of Federal law enforcement officials who are killed or disabled in the performance of their duties."[90] In 2001 Frank co-sponsored "the MX Missile Stand-Down Act" (01-HR2718) to take fifty peacekeeper missiles off of high-alert status and he co-sponsored the Landmine Elimination and Victim Assistance Act (01-HR948).[90] As of December 2003 Frank has a 89% rating by Peace Action, indicating a pro-peace voting record.[90] In 2005 he co-sponsored "Rail Security Act" (S.1379/H.R.153) (05-S1379) giving higher priority to rail transportation security.[90] In 2008 he co-sponsored the "Veterans Suicide Study Act" ( (S.2899/H.R.4204) 08-S2899) designed to study and address suicides among veterans.[90] As of the 111th Congress, Frank is advocating a 25 percent reduction in the overall Military budget of the United States. "The math is compelling: if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget starting fairly soon, it will be impossible to continue to fund an adequate level of domestic activity...," wrote Frank. He claimed that such a significant reduction would have no effect on the United States' ability to defend itself. "If," he said, "beginning one year from now, we were to cut military spending by 25 percent from its projected levels, we would still be immeasurably stronger than any combination of nations with whom we might be engaged."[91] Frank supports having fewer F-35 Joint Strike Fighter planes, but also supports a $3 billion backup engine project that the Pentagon does not want.[92] Frank told MSNBC's Keith Olbermann that he actually wanted to cut the entire F-35 program, but as long as military spending continued he would fight for his district's share of it.[93]
Frank has partnered with Ron Paul in support of online gambling rights. In 2006, both strongly opposed H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act, and H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.[94][95] To restore online gambling rights, in 2007 Frank sponsored H.R. 2046, the Internet Gambling Regulation and Enforcement Act.[96] This bill would have established licensing and regulation of online gaming sites. It provided for age verification and protections for compulsive gamblers. In 2008, he and Paul introduced H.R. 5767, the Payment Systems Protection Act, a bill that sought to place a moratorium on enforcement of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 while the United States Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve defined "unlawful Internet gambling". As a result of these efforts, Frank (who does not gamble) has been praised by poker players and online gamblers, including many Republicans.[97]
According to Stuart Weisberg's 2009 biography Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, Frank dated women in an effort to deny his homosexuality. His last romance with a woman was a nearly two-year long affair with Irish-American Catholic Kathleen Sullivan, the daughter of New England Patriots owner Billy Sullivan, that began in 1974. When the two split up, at Frank's instigation, he admitted to her that he was gay. He was still closeted publicly.
According to Frank, he "realized it was crazy" to try to have a romance with someone he cared for but was not compatible with due to his homosexuality. "That was the last effort to avoid being gay," Weisberg quotes Frank as saying. Frank never again dated a woman.
Frank started coming out as gay to friends before he ran for Congress and came out publicly on May 30, 1987, "prompted in part by increased media interest in his private life" and the death of Stewart McKinney, "a closeted bisexual Republican representative from Connecticut"; Frank told The Washington Post after McKinney's death there was "An unfortunate debate about 'Was he or wasn't he? Didn't he or did he?' I said to myself, I don't want that to happen to me."[2][98][99][note 1] Frank's announcement had little impact on his electoral prospects.[98] Shortly after coming out, Frank met and began dating Herb Moses, an economist and LGBT activist; their relationship lasted for eleven years until an amicable break-up in July 1998.[98][100][101] Moses, who was an executive at Fannie Mae from 1991 to 1998, was the first partner of an openly gay member of Congress to receive spousal benefits and the two were considered "Washington's most powerful and influential gay couple."[100]
Frank resides in a studio apartment complex in Newton, Massachusetts. His partner, Jim Ready, is a surfing enthusiast whom Frank met during a gay political fundraiser in Maine, where Ready still lives.[19] Frank announced he would marry Ready in 2012.[102]
As of 2010[update], Frank's net worth is estimated by the Center for Responsive Politics to be between $619,024 and $1,510,000.[103] His sister, Ann Lewis, served as a senior adviser in Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign.[104]
Massachusetts's 4th congressional district: Results 1980–2010[105][106]
| Year |
|
Democrat |
Votes |
% |
|
Republican |
Votes |
% |
|
Third Party |
Party |
Votes |
% |
|
Third Party |
Party |
Votes |
% |
|
| 1980 |
|
Barney Frank |
103,466 |
52% |
|
Richard Jones |
95,898 |
48% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1982 |
|
Barney Frank |
151,305 |
60% |
|
Margaret Heckler |
82,804 |
40% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1984 |
|
Barney Frank |
172,903 |
74% |
|
Jim Forte |
60,121 |
26% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1986 |
|
Barney Frank |
134,387 |
89% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Thomas DeVisscher |
Independent |
16,857 |
11% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1988 |
|
Barney Frank |
169,729 |
70% |
|
Debra Tucker |
71,661 |
30% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1990 |
|
Barney Frank |
143,473 |
66% |
|
John Soto |
75,454 |
34% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1992 |
|
Barney Frank |
182,633 |
68% |
|
Edward McCormick |
70,665 |
26% |
|
Luke Lumina |
Independent Voters |
13,670 |
5% |
|
Dennis Ingalls |
Freedom for LaRouche |
2,797 |
1% |
|
| 1994 |
|
Barney Frank |
168,942 |
99% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Others |
|
853 |
1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1996 |
|
Barney Frank |
183,844 |
72% |
|
Jonathan Raymond |
72,701 |
28% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1998 |
|
Barney Frank |
148,340 |
98% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Others |
|
2,380 |
2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2000 |
|
Barney Frank |
200,638 |
75% |
|
Martin Travis |
56,553 |
21% |
|
David Euchner |
Libertarian |
10,553 |
4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2002 |
|
Barney Frank |
166,125 |
99% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Others |
|
1,691 |
1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2004 |
|
Barney Frank |
219,260 |
78% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Charles Morse |
Independent |
62,293 |
22% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2006 |
|
Barney Frank |
196,513 |
98% |
|
No candidate |
|
|
|
Others |
|
2,730 |
1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2008 |
|
Barney Frank |
203,032 |
68% |
|
Earl Sholley |
75,571 |
25% |
|
Susan Allen |
Independent |
19,848 |
7% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2010 |
|
Barney Frank |
126,194 |
54% |
|
Sean Bielat |
101,517 |
43% |
|
Susan Allen |
Independent |
3,445 |
1% |
|
Donald Jordan |
Tax Revolt Independent |
2,873 |
1% |
|
- ^ Frank, who was elected to the House in 1980, was the first gay congressional representative to come out on his own. Congressman Gerry Studds had been the only openly gay federal legislator, having survived the revelation in 1983 that he had had a relationship with a seventeen-year-old male page a decade earlier during a Congressional sex scandal.
- ^ Tallmer, Jerry (July 21–27, 2004). "Frank talk on sexuality and politics". The Villager 74 (12). http://www.thevillager.com/villager_64/franktalkonsexuality.html. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
- ^ a b Kiritsy, Laura (May 31, 2007). "Happy Anniversary, Barney Frank!". EDGE. http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=20762.
- ^ a b c "3rd Annual Power 50: 1. Barney Frank". Out. April 2009. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090410144356/http://www.out.com/power50/covers.asp?category=1.+Barney+Frank.
- ^ Taylor, jessica (November 28, 2011). "Barney Frank to retire from Congress". National Journal. http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/11/barney-frank-to.php. Retrieved november 28, 2011.
- ^ Sink, Justin (January 26, 2012). "Barney Frank To Marry Longtime Partner". Thehill.com. http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/206799-report-barney-frank-to-marry. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ Cusack, Bob (September 7, 2009). "Barney Frank wants Cabinet post". The Hill. http://thehill.com/homenews/house/57533-barney-frank-has-eye-on-cabinet-post. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
- ^ "barney frank". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/frank.htm. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Jeffrey Toobin. "Barney's Great Adventure: The most outspoken man in the House gets some real power". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/01/12/090112fa_fact_toobin.
- ^ Bruce Watson, Freedom Summer: The Savage Season That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy, at 161–162 (Viking 2010).
- ^ Speech at the Council of Foreign Relations, November 14, 2011
- ^ "A Frank Suggestion: Hookers in the Financial District". Boston Herald-American. November 25, 1976.
- ^ Fischer, Anne Gray (September 29, 2009). "Guest Post: Anne Gray Fischer Presents A History of 'The Combat Zone'". Vernacular. http://v.tgdn.net/2009/09/guest-post-anne-gray-fischer-history-of-the-combat-zone.html.
- ^ "MA District 4 – D Primary Race – Sep 16, 1980". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=412560. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Massachusetts Election Results, 1980. http://ia360903.us.archive.org/0/items/massachusettsele1980mass/massachusettsele1980mass.pdf.
- ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (1981). Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1980. United States Government Printing Office. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf.
- ^ "MA District 4 Race – Nov 04, 1980". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49564. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "MA District 4 Race – Nov 02, 1982". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37091. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Gallagher, John (September 9, 2008). "Politics: A Broader Bully Pulpit: As Congress grapples with solutions for a faltering economy, Barney Frank sits at the center of power". The Advocate: p. 24.
- ^ a b Benoit Denizet-Lewis, with photographs by Henry Leutwyler (January 13, 2009). "Harrumph! Barney Frank is smiling. Really. (front cover, pages 56–61)". The Advocate. Archived from the original on January 26, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090126083533/http://advocate.com/issue_story_ektid67124.asp. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
- ^ "Candidate – Barney Frank". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=982. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Candidate – Sean Bielat". Our Campaigns. September 14, 2010. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=235392. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Poll: Support for Barney Frank Drops Below 50%; Bielat within 10 | Sean Bielat for Congress". Seanbielat.org. September 22, 2010. http://www.seanbielat.org/news/2010-09-22/poll-support-barney-frank-drops-below-50-bielat-within-10. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Barney Frank Loans Campaign $200K as He Fights Tea Party Challenge – Political Hotsheet". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20020175-503544.html. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Amanda Paulson (October 19, 2010). "Could Barney Frank lose his House seat to newcomer Sean Bielat?". CSMonitor.com. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2010/1019/Could-Barney-Frank-lose-his-House-seat-to-newcomer-Sean-Bielat. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Wirzbicki, Alan (October 25, 2010). "Democrats hold edge in two key House contests". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/10/25/democrats_hold_edge_in_two_key_house_contests/. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "MA – District 04 Race – Nov 02, 2010". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=490778. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Bill Dedman (August 27, 1989). "TV Movie Led to Prostitute's Disclosures". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/gobie2.htm.
- ^ a b Margaret Carlson, Robert Ajemian, and Hays Gorey (September 25, 1989). "A Skeleton in Barney's Closet". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958598,00.html.
- ^ Oreskes, Michael (August 29, 1989). "Rep. Frank Asks For Full Inquiry By Ethics Panel". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/29/us/rep-frank-asks-for-full-inquiry-by-ethics-panel.html.
- ^ Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Page 37 -"In numerous instances where an assertion made by Mr. Gobie (either publicly or during his Committee deposition) was investigated for accuracy, the assertion was contradicted by third-party sworn testimony or other evidence of Mr. Gobie himself."
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 271". United States House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/1990/roll271.xml.
- ^ Povich, Elaine S. (July 27, 1990). "Frank Reprimanded for Aiding Prostitute". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-07-27/news/9003030287_1_stephen-gobie-male-prostitute-reprimand.
- ^ "Frank speaks up for ‘hypocritical’ Craig". Associated Press. August 30, 2007. http://www.bostonherald.com/news/national/politics/view.bg?articleid=1019933. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
- ^ Evans, Rowland; Novak, Robert (Oct 17, 1989). "What to do about Barney Frank // Congress faces nasty confrontation on handling sexual misconduct". Austin American Statesman (Austin, Texas): p. A.8.
- ^ Outrage (2009), Kirby Dick, writer and director; Amy Ziering, producer; Douglas Blush and Matthew Clarke, editors; Chain Camera Pictures; Magnolia Pictures, distributor.
- ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (May 7, 2009). "Beyond the Multiplex: Behind Washington's closet door". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/btm/feature/2009/05/07/kirby_dick/.
- ^ Lane, Charles (November 3, 2010). "Sean Bielat, sore loser". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2010/11/sean_bielat_sore_loser.html.
- ^ Sanati, Cyrus (October 9, 2008). "Barney Frank". The New York Times. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/barney_frank/index.html. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ "Frank Part of Starr Review". PlanetOut Inc.. September 9, 1998. Archived from the original on January 29, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050129132007/http://www.planetout.com/news/article-print.html?1998/09/09/5. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
- ^ "Best and Worst of Congress". Washingtonian. September 1, 2006. http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/mediapolitics/1666.html. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Washingtonian's Best & Worst of Congress". Washingtonian. August 25, 2008. http://www.washingtonian.com/blogarticles/people/capitalcomment/9097.html.
- ^ "2010 Best & Worst of Congress". Washingtonian. September 13, 2010. http://www.washingtonian.com/print/articles/6/0/16736.html.
- ^ Bar-On, Shachar (prod.) (December 14, 2008). "Barney Frank on Bailouts, Welfare". 60 Minutes. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/12/11/60minutes/main4663945_page2.shtml.
- ^ "A Way With Words". The New York Times. May 13, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barneybox.html. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
- ^ Josh Gottheimer (2003). Ripples of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches. New York: Basic Civitas Books. p. 463. ISBN 0-465-02752-0. http://books.google.com/?id=jZ7trG1zF7UC&pg=PA463.
- ^ Labaton, Stephen (September 11, 2003). "New Agency Proposed to Oversee Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E3D6123BF932A2575AC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- ^ "The Fannie Mae Dice Roll Continues". The Wall Street Journal. November 11, 2009. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704402404574527440083580698.html. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
- ^ Dominic Lawson (October 10, 2008). "Don't bank on the Government". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-dont-bank-on-the-government-956554.html. Retrieved November 27, 2009.
- ^ O'Hara, John M. (2010). A New American Tea Party: The Counterrevolution Against Bailouts, Handouts, Reckless Spending, and More Taxes. John Wiley and Sons. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-470-56798-2.
- ^ Sammon, Bill (October 3, 2008). "Lawmaker Accused of Fannie Mae Conflict of Interest". Fox News Channel. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,432501,00.html. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- ^ "Myths and falsehoods about the purported link between affordable housing initiatives and the financial crisis". Media Matters. October 10, 2008. http://mediamatters.org/research/200810100022#documented. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Frank Seeks Antidote to Republican Amnesia". Committee on Financial Services. March 12, 2009. http://democrats.financialservices.house.gov/press/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=465. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Congressman Frank's Letter To The Editor Replying To False Republican Accusations Concerning Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac September 23, 2008.
- ^ a b Caldwell, Christopher (July 22, 2007). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html?ex=1186459200&en=bf8dec405a435ea7&ei=5070. Retrieved August 5, 2007.
- ^ Story, Louise (November 13, 2008). "Lawmakers Debate Pitfalls of Loan Modification". The New York Times: p. B3. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/business/economy/13mortgage.html?emc=rss&partner=rss.
- ^ "Information about the American Housing Rescue & Foreclosure Prevention Act". United States House Committee on Financial Services. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100708001511/http://financialservices.house.gov/FHA.html.
- ^ Frank, Barney (August 20, 2007). "A (sub)prime argument for more regulation". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a6eeecbe-4eb5-11dc-85e7-0000779fd2ac.html.
- ^ "Plastic Card Tricks". The New York Times. March 29, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/opinion/29sat3.html.
- ^ "The Fed Aims at Credit Cards". The New York Times. May 3, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/opinion/03sat2.html.
- ^ Press release on the Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights. House Financial Services Committee. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080828035610/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/financialsvcs_dem/press0731083.shtml. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
- ^ Increase Housing Opportunities for People with Disabilities! Co-Sponsor H.R. 1675: The Frank Melville Supportive Housing Investment Act
- ^ "National Low Income Housing Coalition". Nhtf.org. http://www.nhtf.org/template/page.cfm?id=40. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M. (May 13, 2008). "A Liberal Wit Builds Bridges to the G.O.P". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/washington/13barney.html.
- ^ "Let's Get Frank" documentary.
- ^ Streitfeld, David; Story, Louise (October 9, 2009). "F.H.A. Problems Raising Concern of Policy Makers". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/business/09fha.html?pagewanted=2&_r=2.
- ^ "2009 Congressional Record on Choice". NARAL. http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/us-government/congressional-records/congressional-record-on-choice-2009.pdf.
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 530 (Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act)". House of Representatives. October 2, 2003. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2003/roll530.xml.
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 31 (Unborn Victims of Violence Act)". House of Representatives. February 26, 2004. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2004/roll031.xml.
- ^ a b c "Barney Frank on Abortion". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Abortion.htm.
- ^ "Barney Frank on Abortion". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank.htm.
- ^ "Intro". NCRR – Nikkei for Civil Rights and Redress. http://www.ncrr-la.org/NCRR_archives/welcome_intro.htm.
- ^ "The Japanese-American Story of Internment and Redress". Fresno County Bar Association. http://www.fresnocountybar.org/files/Ikeda-Japanese_Internment-Redress.doc.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Barney Frank on Civil Rights". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Civil_Rights.htm.
- ^ Anna Margolis, Anna (May 11, 2006). "Rep. Frank Votes Against "Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act"". HubPolitics.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061108125228/http://www.hubpolitics.com/archives/000572.php. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Representative Frank Discloses He Is Homosexual". The New York Times. May 31, 1987. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DE163AF932A05756C0A961948260. Retrieved October 19, 2008.
- ^ "History of LGBT & Immigration". Out4Immigration. http://www.out4immigration.org/immigration/page.html?&mimid=N3DE98KBUMQ39M4WNKSS16LKM7MD3C0A&cid=1136.
- ^ Rich, Frank (February 2, 1995). "Journal; Closet Clout". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE6DF113AF931A35751C0A963958260.
- ^ a b "News Release from Barney Frank". United States House of Representatives. March 4, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080801144133/http://web.archive.org/web/20080801144133/http://www.house.gov/frank/antidiscriminationmarch2008.html.
- ^ Ireland, Doug (September 23, 2004). "The outing: David Dreier and his straight hypocrisy". LA Weekly. http://www.laweekly.com/2004-09-23/news/the-outing/.
- ^ "Real Time with Bill Maher: Episode Guide – episode 86". HBO. October 20, 2006. Archived from the original on November 4, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061104121533/http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2006_10_20_ep86.html.
- ^ a b c d "Barney Frank on Crime". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Crime.htm.
- ^ Frank, Barney (2002). "Frank Calls for Action on Medical Marijuana Legislation". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090329134329/http://www.house.gov/frank/medmar2002.html.
- ^ "The Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment (2003–2006)". DrugScience.org. http://www.drugscience.org/Archive/bcr1/n1_hinchey_ref.html.
- ^ "Barney Frank: Let's decriminalize marijuana". NJ.com. 2008. http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2008/03/barney_frank_lets_decriminaliz.html.
- ^ "President Bush, Dems Spar Over Energy; 5.4 Magnitude Quake Rattles Los Angeles; Attacking Obama's 'Celebrity'; Rep. Barney Frank's Marijuana Bill (interview)". CNN Newsroom. July 30, 2008. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/30/cnr.05.html.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Drugs". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Drugs.htm.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Technology". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Technology.htm.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on the Environment". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Environment.htm.
- ^ a b c d e "Barney Frank on Homeland Security". On the Issues. http://www.ontheissues.org/MA/Barney_Frank_Homeland_Security.htm.
- ^ Frank, Barney (February 11, 2009). "Cut the Military Budget". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/cut-military-budget. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ Vellajo, Stephanie (May 27, 2010). "Frank wants $100b cut from defense spending". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2010/05/frank_wants_100.html.
- ^ "Making cuts to fix the deficit". Countdown with Keith Olbermann (MSNBC). 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036677/vp/38118275#38118275.
- ^ "Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4777". Thomas.loc.gov. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04777:. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4411". Thomas.loc.gov. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04411:. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 2046". Thomas.loc.gov. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h2046:. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Viser, Matt (July 13, 2008). "Unlikely ace for online gambling". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2008/07/13/unlikely_ace_for_online_gambling/?page=1.
- ^ a b c Pierce, Charles P. (October 2, 2005). "To Be Frank". Globe Magazine. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2005/10/02/to_be_frank/.
- ^ Carlos Santoscoy (September 20, 2009). "Barney Frank's 'Left-Handed Gay Jew' No Tell-All". On Top Magazine. http://ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=4568&MediaType=1&Category=26. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ a b "DC's Most Influential Gay Couple Calls It Quits". The Tuscaloosa News (Associated Press). July 3, 1998. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WD0dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RqYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6736,534553&dq=washington's-most-prominent-and-influential-gay-couple-rep-barney-frank&hl=en. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ Claudia Dreifus (February 4, 1996). "And Then There Was Frank". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/04/magazine/and-then-there-was-frank.html. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
- ^ Puzzanghera, Jim (January 26, 2012). "Rep. Barney Frank to marry partner in same-sex ceremony". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/la-pn-barney-frank-marriage-20120126,0,6019086.story. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ "Personal Finances – Barney Frank (D-Mass), 2010". OpenSecrets.org. Center for Responsive Politics. http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/CIDsummary.php?CID=N00000275&year=2010.
- ^ Wildman, Sarah (January 2, 2008). "A Clinton operative plays operator". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jan/02/hillaryclinton.usa.
- ^ "Office of the House Clerk – Electoral Statistics". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html.
- ^ "Election Results". Federal Election Commission. http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/electionresults.shtml.
- Johansson, Warren & Percy, William A. Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence. Harrington Park Press, 1994. pp. 106, 139, 143, 154, 157, 188–9, 228, 231, 235, 291
- Rapp, Linda (2004). "Frank, Barney". glbtq.com. http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/frank_b.html. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
- "A Liberal Wit Builds Bridges To the G.O.P.", The New York Times, May 13, 2008.
- Congressman Frank defends trans-exclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act, The Bilerico Project, September 28, 2007.
- The Republicans' Democracy Disorder, In These Times, 2006-02-04
- Congressman Barney Frank: A Buzzflash Interview, Buzzflash, July 22, 2003
- Monumentally Frank: Interview with Massachusetts Congressman Barney Frank Metro Weekly, March 20, 2003.
- Frank Discusses U.S. Policy, Attitude Regarding Gay Rights, The Hoya, October 19, 2001.
| Persondata |
| Name |
Frank, Barney |
| Alternative names |
|
| Short description |
American politician |
| Date of birth |
1940-03-31 |
| Place of birth |
Bayonne, New Jersey |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121220054711/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
