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Manueline pulpit in the Convent of Christ, Tomar, Portugal

17thC presbyterian pulpit, Edinburgh

Pulpit is a speakers' stand in a church. In many Christian churches, there are two speakers' stands at the front of the church. Typically, the one on the left (as viewed by the congregation) is called the pulpit. Since the Gospel lesson is often read from the pulpit, the pulpit side of the church is sometimes called the gospel side.

The other speaker's stand, usually on the right (as viewed by the congregation), is known as the lectern. The word lectern comes from the Latin word "lectus", past participle of legere, meaning "to read", because the lectern primarily functions as a reading stand. It is typically used by lay people to read the scripture lessons (except for the Gospel lesson), to lead the congregation in prayer, and to make announcements. Because the epistle lesson is usually read from the lectern, the lectern side of the church is sometimes called the epistle side. In other churches, the lectern, from which the Epistle is read, is located to the congregation's left and the pulpit, from which the sermon is delivered, is located on the right (the Gospel being read from either the center of the chancel or in front of the altar).

Protestantism[link]

In some Protestant churches, the pulpit is considered the most important piece of furniture in the sanctuary. It is located centrally in relation to the congregation and raised. It is where the minister stands and may be decorated with a 'pulpit fall'- a piece of cloth that covers the top of the pulpit and hangs down the front. Flowers may also stand in front of the pulpit.

In the eighteenth century triple-decker pulpits were often introduced in English speaking countries. The three levels of lecterns were intended to show the relative importance of the readings delivered there. The bottom tier was for community announcements, the middle for the gospel, and the top tier was reserved for the delivery of the sermon.

In many Evangelical Christian churches, the pulpit stands squarely in the center of the platform, and is generally the largest piece of church furniture. This is to symbolize the proclamation of the Word of God as the central focus of the weekly service of worship. In more contemporary evangelical churches, the pulpit may be much smaller, if used at all, and is generally carried out after the end of the song service. However, it usually is placed in the center of the platform as well.

From the pulpit is often used metaphorically for something which is said with official church authority.

Presbyterian churches[link]

Traditional Presbyterian Churches in Scotland and elsewhere often had a Central pulpit, that is, the Pulpit was located in the centre of the chancel in the position where most churches have the communion table or altar. The table could be situated in front of the pulpit or to the side, and sometimes was not in the chancel area at all. A central pulpit can be seen for example in St Andrew's Church, Rome.

This declares the Bible to be the foundation of the faith, something which is true in all Christian traditions, but is particularly highlighted by some more than others. Furthermore, the "Centrality of the Word" implies that the reading and preaching of the Bible is the centrepiece of a service of worship, and thus takes priority over the sacraments. The Central Pulpit is intended to give visual representation of this idea.^[1][2]

Since the late 19th century, the fashion in the Church of Scotland and most other Presbyterian denominations has been for a return to the pre-reformation layout. Thus many buildings which once had a central pulpit now have a pulpit to the side. See for example Skene Parish Church or Old West Church, Boston, Massachusetts.

This Presbyterian tradition is historically distinct from the tradition of the ambon in Eastern Christianity.

Ambon[link]

In churches where there is only one speaker's stand in the center of the front of the church, it serves the functions of both lectern and pulpit and is properly called the ambo. In common usage, however, ambos are incorrectly called pulpits.

The word ambo comes from a Greek word meaning an elevation. It was originally an elaborate raised platform in the middle of the nave from which the Epistle and Gospel would be read, and was occasionally used as a speaker's platform for homilies. It was joined to the sanctuary by a raised walkway called the soleas. In modern Eastern Christian use, this form of the ambo is now very rare. Instead, the area directly in front of the Beautiful Gates of the iconostasis from which the Gospel is typically read is called the ambo, and the entire low elevation above the level of the nave in front of the iconostasis is called the soleas. In larger churches, the ambo might be distinguished by three curved steps from which one might reach it from the nave.^[3]

In Eastern Orthodox cathedrals there is usually a low platform in the center of the nave called the episcopal ambo where the bishop is vested prior to the Divine Liturgy and where he is enthroned until the Little Entrance. If the bishop is serving in a simple parish church, an episcopal ambo is set temporarily in place.

In addition to the ambo, many major churches in Greece and Cyprus also have a raised pulpit on the left side of the nave, usually attached to a column and raised several feet high. This is reached by a narrow flight of stairs. It is considered an architectural element that is symmetrical to the bishop's throne, which is located on an equivalent position on the right. Pulpit and throne are usually similar in construction, usually made of either sculpted stone or sculpted wood. This pulpit was used mostly for sermons and in order to improve audibility, before the advent of modern public address systems in churches. Nowadays it is used rarely. Tradition dictates that it be used for the reading of the "12 Passion Gospels" during the Matins of Holy Friday, served late in the evening of Maundy Thursday. This is done to signify that the Passion of Christ is being "broadcast" for all to know. In the same spirit, a phonetic transcription of the relevant Gospel passages is provided in several common languages (e.g. English, French, Russian, Arabic etc.), so that they may be read from this pulpit at the same time.

Gallery[link]

Outdoor pulpits[link]

• 

  Open-air pulpit in the forecourt of the Chapel at Scotch College, Melbourne

• 

  Outdoor pulpit of Giovanni da Capistrano, Vienna Austria

• Outdoor pulpit.jpg

  Fr. Coughlin's outdoor pulpit at the Shrine of the Little Flower in Royal Oak, Michigan.

Modern pulpits[link]

• 

  A modern pulpit on the chancel of a Presbyterian Church in California

• 

  A modern pulpit in Jakobskirken, Roskilde, Denmark.

• Advent Wreath on Christmas Eve (Broadway United Methodist Church).jpg

  A pulpit in the chancel of a Methodist church in Ohio

Older-style pulpits[link]

• 

  Carved stone pulpit by Nicola Pisano inside Siena Cathedral, Italy

• 

  Late Baroque polychromed pulpit accessed from the balcony in the pilgrimage church of Ss. Philippus and Jakobus, Bergatreute.

• 

  A late 18th century pulpit in a small Roman Catholic church in Spielfeld, Styria, Austria.

• 

  Pulpit from Henry II (1014) in the Aachen Cathedral, Germany

• 

  Pulpit at Enånger old church in Sweden

• 

  Terracotta Pulpit at Pieve delle Sante Flora e Lucilla in Santa Fiora, Italy

• 

  Stone pulpit at Chiesa Bartolomeo in Pantano Pistoia Italy

• 

  Pulpit at St. John the Baptist Cathedral, Yaroslavl, Russia (17th century)

• 

  Stone pulpit at Worcester cathedral England

• 

  Wooden pulpit at the Church of Holy Spirit in Tallinn in Estonia

• 

  Wooden pulpit in Wakken, Dentergem, Belgium

• 

  Baroque pulpit in the Church of St. Anne in Kraków, Poland

• 

  A Calvinist 17th century pulpit of the Calvinist Dutch Reformed church in Buren, the Netherlands.

• 

  Pulpit of the Gallus chapel in Greifensee ZH, Switzerland

• 

  Wooden pulpit of the Evreux Cathedral, France (sculpted in 1675)

• 

  External gothic pulpit in Saint-Lô, France

• 

  Baroque pulpit in the Amiens Cathedral, France

• 

  Pulpit in the Saint-Thiébaut Church, Thann, France

• 

  Pulpit of Strasbourg Cathedral, France

• 

  Pulpit of Old Ship Church, Hingham, Massachusetts

• 

  Stone pulpit with wooden top in the Collégiale Saint-Florent, Niederhaslach, France

• 

  Gothic-revival "wine glass" pulpit and sounding board from 1872 in St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Charleston, South Carolina

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pulpits

See also[link]

Christianity portal

• Abat-voix
• Bimah
• Bema
• Lectern
• Minbar

References[link]

http://www.bluegumjoinery.com.au/Custom_lecterns.html church pulpit

Chuck Grassley
United States Senator from Iowa
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1981 Serving with Tom Harkin
Preceded by	John Culver
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance
In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Preceded by	Max Baucus
Succeeded by	Max Baucus
Chairman of the Senate Special Committee on Aging
In office January 7, 1997 – January 3, 2001
Preceded by	William Cohen
Succeeded by	John B. Breaux
In office January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001
Preceded by	John B. Breaux
Succeeded by	John B. Breaux
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 3rd district
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1981
Preceded by	H.R. Gross
Succeeded by	T. Cooper Evans
Member of the Iowa House of Representatives
In office 1959–1974
Personal details
Born	Charles Ernest Grassley (1933-09-17) September 17, 1933 (age 78) New Hartford, Iowa
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Barbara Grassley
Children	Lee Grassley Wendy Grassley Robin Grassley Michele Grassley Jay Grassley
Residence	New Hartford, Iowa
Alma mater	University of Northern Iowa (B.A., M.A.)
Occupation	Politician
Religion	Baptist - BGC
Website	www.grassley.senate.gov

Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior United States Senator from Iowa, serving since 1981. A member of Republican Party, he previously served in the served in the United States House of Representatives (1975–1981) and the Iowa state legislature (1959–1974). He was chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from January to June 2001 and from January 2003 to December 2006. He is currently the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee.

Early life, education and career[link]

Grassley was born in New Hartford, Iowa, the son of Ruth (née Corwin) and Louis Arthur Grassley,^[1] and graduated from the town high school. At Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), he earned a B.A. in 1955 and an M.A. in 1956. Also during the 1950s, Grassley farmed and worked in factories, first as a sheet metal shearer and then as an assembly line worker. He studied toward a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Iowa. In 1967-1968 Grassley taught at the now-defunct Charles City College.^[2]

Iowa House of Representatives[link]

Grassley represented parts of Butler County in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1959 until 1975.^[2]

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

Grassley serve in the United States House of Representatives from 1974 to 1981.

U.S. Senate[link]

Committee assigments[link]

• Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
  • Subcommittee on Rural Revitalization, Conservation, Forestry and Credit
  • Subcommittee on Energy, Science and Technology
  • Subcommittee on Production, Income Protection and Price Support
• Committee on Finance
  • Subcommittee on Health Care
  • Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
  • Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
• Committee on the Judiciary (Ranking Minority Member)
  • As Ranking Minority Member of the full committee, Sen. Grassley may serve as an ex officio member of all subcommittees of which he is not already a voting member.
• Committee on the Budget
• Caucus on International Narcotics Control (Co-Chairman)
• Joint Committee on Taxation

Sen. Grassley, Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT), and Rep. E. Clay Shaw (R-FL) (left to right) address the media after a meeting at the White House with President Bill Clinton.

As a senior member of the Senate Finance Committee Grassley has spearheaded many probes into the misuse and accountability of federal money. On June 28, 2006, Grassley proposed a so-called Pimp Tax^[3][4] intended to curb sex trafficking and sex slavery in the United States by means of strict enforcement of tax laws, for example by requiring a W-2 form be filed for each prostitute managed by a pimp or other employer.

The slang term Pimp Tax was parodied on an episode of the Daily Show on American cable television. On an episode aired August 14, Dan Bakkedahl interviewed Republican Congressperson Jack Kingston of Georgia and Arch Bishop Don Magic Juan on the subject. ^[5]

In July 2007, a Grassley-commissioned report was released claiming that more than US$1 billion in farm subsidies were sent to deceased individuals. Grassley said: "It's unconscionable that the Department of Agriculture would think that a dead person was actively engaged in the business of farming."^[6]

Since 1976, Grassley has repeatedly introduced measures that increase the level of double taxation on American citizens living abroad, including retroactive tax hikes. Grassley was eventually able to attach an amendment to a piece of legislation that went into effect in 2006, which increased taxes on Americans abroad by targeting housing and living incentives paid by foreign employers and held them accountable for federal taxes, even though they did not currently reside in the United States. Critics of the amendment felt that the move hurt Americans competing for jobs abroad by putting an unnecessary tax burden on foreign employers. Others felt that the move was only to offset the revenue deficit caused by domestic tax cuts of the Bush Administration.^[7][8][9]

In March 2009, amid the scandal involving various AIG executives receiving large salary bonuses from the taxpayer-funded bailout of the corporate giant, Grassley sparked controversy by suggesting that those AIG employees receiving large bonuses should follow the so-called 'Japanese example', resign immediately or commit suicide. After much criticism he has not backed off of those comments, dismissing them as rhetoric.^[10][11][12]

At an August 12, 2009, meeting in Iowa, Senator Grassley supported the claims by health care reform opponents that end-of-life counseling provisions in the House health care bill, H.R. 3200, amounted to government sponsored euthanasia. In response to an audience question about the provision, Grassley said people were right to fear that the government would "pull the plug on grandma."^{[13][14][15][16]} Grassley had previously supported covering end-of-life counseling, having voted for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, which stated: "The covered services are: evaluating the beneficiary's need for pain and symptom management, including the individual's need for hospice care; counseling the beneficiary with respect to end-of-life issues and care options, and advising the beneficiary regarding advanced care planning."

Political positions[link]

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2012)

In 2005, Charles Grassley received a 7 percent rating on the Republicans for Environmental Protection's (REP) environmental scorecard. He voted in a manner inconsistent with what the REP considers pro-environment on 14 of 15 issues considered environmentally critical by the REP. He voted with REP on an amendment to the Energy Policy Act of 2005 proposed by Senator Jeff Bingaman to require at least 10% of electricity sold by utilities to originate from renewable resources. Issues in which Senator Grassley voted anti-environment are all other amendments to the Energy Policy Act proposed in 2005, the issue of authorizing drilling in the Arctic Wildlife Refuge, and fuel economy standards for vehicles. In 2006, Grassley received a 0 percent rating from the REP^[17] and a 14 percent rating from the LCV.^[18] According to these organizations, he voted pro-environment on the issue of energy and weatherization assistance, and voted anti-environment on drilling, environmental funding, peer review, renewable resources, and the Gulf of Mexico Security Act of 2006.

In 2009, Senator Grassley received a 10 percent rating on the League of Conservation Voters (LCV) scorecard. The League approved of his votes on the issues of renewable energy and farm conservation programs.^[18] but disapproved of his votes on the energy conference report, global warming, natural gas facilities, undermining fuel economy, increasing fuel economy, and various other issues.^{[citation needed]}

Grassley has been described in newswires as a "bulldog supporter" of biofuels such as ethanol.^[19] Grassley has opposed conservative Senators like Tom Coburn (R-OK) and Jim DeMint (R-SC) for wanting to bring an end to ethanol subsidies.^[20]

According to the Disabled American Veterans, Senator Grassley has the third-worst voting record in the entire US Congress (both House and Senate combined) on veterans issues, earning a 40 rating.^[21] However, Senator Grassley was given the right-leaning American Legion's distinguished public service award for his support of a "strong national defense, service members, veterans and the American flag", primarily due to his support for a flag protection amendment.^[22]

In May 2009, Grassley cosponsored a resolution to amend the US Constitution to prohibit flag-burning, stating the flag is "... the symbol our men and women in uniform have fought for over 200 years. [sic]"^[23]

Grassley was among 20 co-sponsors of a 1993 Senate bill that would have mandated health insurance for Americans. In 2009 and 2010, however, when President Barack Obama and the Democratic Party proposed a health reform bill featuring mandated health insurance, Grassley vocally opposed the health insurance mandate, saying that it was a deal breaker.^[24][25]

Grassley voted in favor of end-of-life counseling as part of the 2003 Medicare prescription drug bill. Six years later, in 2009 and 2010, he changed positions and began referring to end-of-life-counseling as “death panels,” and strongly opposed the Democratic proposals for health care reform in the United States that would include this counseling. In 2009, he told an Iowa town hall meeting, “In the House bill, there is counseling for end of life. You have every right to fear. You shouldn’t have counseling at the end of life…”^[26][27]

Senator Grassley has 100 percent ratings from the National Right to Life Committee,^[28] Eagle Forum,^[29] and Family Research Council,^[30] an 84 percent rating from the American Conservative Union,^[31] and a 20 percent rating from the Human Rights Campaign.^[32]

Grassley has campaigned to increase protection and provide support for "Whistleblowers". He has supported a number of FBI whistleblowers, including Coleen Rowley, Michael German, and Jane Turner. Grassley received a lifetime achievement award on May 17, 2007 from the National Whistleblower Center.

A September 2009 poll shows Grassley with a popularity rating in Iowa of 50% approving of his job, and 40% disapproving.^[33]

Controversies[link]

Religious organizations[link]

On November 5, 2007, Grassley announced an investigation into the tax-exempt status of six ministries under the leadership of Benny Hinn, Paula White, Eddie L. Long, Joyce Meyer, Creflo Dollar, and Kenneth Copeland by the United States Senate Committee on Finance.^[34] In letters to each ministry, Grassley asked for the ministries to divulge specific financial information to the committee to determine whether or not funds collected by each organization were inappropriately utilized by ministry heads.^[35] By the December 6, 2007 deadline, only three of the ministries had shown compliance with the Finance Committee's request. On March 11, 2008, Grassley and Finance Chairman Max Baucus sent follow-up letters to Kenneth Copeland, Creflo Dollar and Eddie Long, explaining that the Senate reserved the right to investigate the finances of their organizations under federal tax laws.^[36]

Responses from these Ministers included Constitutional arguments about Congressional power to oversee such matters. They claim that only the IRS has the authority to request such information, and should the IRS request it or pursue an investigation, the ministries involved would gladly comply.

Grassley himself is a member of The Fellowship (Christian organization), a controversial tax-exempt quasi-religious, and political influence, organization also known as The Family.^[37]

Medical research[link]

Grassley also began an investigation about unreported payments to physicians by pharmaceutical companies. The New York Times reported that Dr. Joseph Biederman of Harvard University had failed to report over a million dollars of income that he had received from pharmaceutical companies.^[38] Weeks later, Business Week reported that Grassley alleged that Alan Schatzberg, chair of psychiatry at Stanford University, had underreported his investments in Corcept Therapeutics, a company he founded.^[39] Dr. Schatzberg had reported only $100,000 investments in Corcept, but Grassley stated that his investments actually totalled over $6 million. Dr. Schaztberg later stepped down from his grant which is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).^[40] Similarly, Dr. Charles Nemeroff resigned as chair of the psychiatry department at Emory University after failing to report a third of the $2.8 million in consulting fees he received from GlaxoSmithKline. At the time he received these fees, Dr. Nemeroff had been principal investigator of a $3.9 million NIH grant evaluating five medications for depression manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline.^[41]

Political campaigns[link]

Grassley was elected to his Senate seat in 1980, defeating the Democratic incumbent, John Culver. He was reelected in 1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, and 2010.

2010[link]

Grassley was being challenged by Democrat Roxanne Conlin, a former U.S. Attorney, and Libertarian John Heiderscheit, an attorney.

During the Democratic primary campaign, Bob Krause, a former state legislator, Army veteran and transportation official, said that Grassley's more than half-century in public office is too long. "As a good farmer, Sen. Grassley must recognize that 51 years, or 58 years at the end of his term, is a long time to go without rotating crops," Krause told about 50 supporters in Des Moines.^[42] Krause cited Grassley's support in 1999 for legislation that allowed banks and insurance companies to begin offering other investment products. "Please remember that Farmer Grassley was one that opened the barn door and let the cow out at AIG," Krause said.^[42]

Grassley was unopposed in the Republican primary, although some conservatives said he has drifted "too far to the left".^[43] Among those is conservative activist Bill Salier, who said "Grassley was the dominant force and had an enormous amount of loyalty. That has so eroded out from underneath him" during an interview on WHO-AM radio.^[44]

He won with 64.5% of the vote, Roxanne Conlin getting 33.2% of the vote.

Fundraising[link]

According to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, the industries that have been the largest contributors to Grassley during his political career are health professionals ($1 million in contributions), insurance industry ($997,674), lawyers/law firms ($625,543) and pharmaceuticals/health products ($538,680). His largest corporate donors have been Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance, Amgen biotech company and Wells Fargo bank.^[45]

Electoral history[link]

United States Senate election in Iowa, 2010

United States Senate election in Iowa, 2004

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1998

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1992

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1986

United States Senate election in Iowa, 1980

1978 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

1976 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

1974 Iowa 3rd District United States Congressional Election

Personal life[link]

Grassley married Barbara Ann Speicher in September 1954; the couple have five children: Lee, Wendy, Robin, Michele, and Jay. Grassley is a member of The Family, the tax-exempt quasi-Christian political organization that organizes the National Prayer Breakfast.^[46]

Awards[link]

In 2009, Grassley received the "Health Policy Hero" award from the National Research Center for Women & Families^[47] for his 2004 oversight of legislative reforms and accountability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).^[48] Grassley was also named the hardest working member of Congress by The Hill newspaper in June 2010, tied with Max Baucus.^[49]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Chuck Grassley

• United States Senator Chuck Grassley official U.S. Senate site
• Grassley For Senate 2010 official campaign site
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Earnest Goes to Washington, Eve Fairbanks, The New Republic, September 10, 2007

v t e Current elected statewide political officials of Iowa U.S. Senators Chuck Grassley Tom Harkin State government Terry Branstad, Governor Kim Reynolds, Lieutenant Governor Matt Shultz, Secretary of State Tom Miller, Attorney General Bill Northey, Secretary of Agriculture David Vaudt, Auditor of State Michael Fitzgerald, Treasurer of State Senate Jack Kibbie, President Michael Gronstal, Majority Leader Paul McKinley, Minority Leader House Kraig Paulsen, Speaker Linda Upmeyer, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Minority Leader Supreme Court (appointed - retention election) Marsha K. Ternus, Chief Justice Mark S. Cady Michael J. Streit David Wiggins Daryl L. Hecht Brent R. Appel David L. Baker AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

v t e Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Finance Campbell • Eppes • Sanford • Holmes • Lowrie • Smith • Webster • Wright • Clay • Evans • Woodbury • Calhoun • Lewis • Atherton • Dickinson • Hunter • Pearce • Fessenden • Sherman • Fessenden • Sherman • Morrill • Bayard • Morrill • Voorhees • Morrill • Aldrich • Penrose • Simmons • Penrose • McCumber • Smoot • Harrison • George • Millikin • George • Millikin • Byrd • Long • Dole • Packwood • Bentsen • Moynihan • Packwood • Roth • Baucus • Grassley • Baucus • Grassley • Baucus

v t e United States Senators from Iowa Class 2 Jones Grimes Howell Wright Kirkwood McDill J. Wilson Gear Dolliver Young Kenyon Rawson Brookhart Steck Dickinson Herring G. Wilson Gillette Martin Miller Clark Jepsen Harkin Class 3 Dodge Harlan Kirkwood Harlan Allison Cummins Stewart Brookhart Murphy Gillette Hickenlooper Hughes Culver Grassley

v t e Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa 1st W. Thompson • Miller • Henn • A. Hall • S. Curtis • J. F. Wilson • McCrary • Stone • McCoid • B. Hall • Gear • Seerley • Gear • S. Clark • Hedge • Kennedy • Kopp • Eicher • Martin • Schwengel • Schmidhauser • Schwengel • Mezvinsky • Leach • Nussle • Braley 2nd Leffler • L. Clark • J. P. Cook • Thorington • Davis • Vandever • Price • Smyth • W. Wolf • Cotton • Tufts • Price • Farwell • Murphy • Hayes • G. Curtis • Lane • Rumple • Wade • Dawson • Pepper • Vollmer • Hull • Letts • B. Jacobsen • W. Jacobsen • Talle • L. Wolf • Bromwell • Culver • Blouin • Tauke • Nussle • Leach • Loebsack 3rd Allison • Donnan • Ainsworth • Burdick • Updegraff • Henderson • Birdsall • Pickett • Connolly • Sweet • Robinson • Willford • Gwynne • Gross • Grassley • Evans • Nagle • Lightfoot • Boswell 4th Grinnell • Loughridge • Walden • Pratt • Deering • Luman Hamlin Weller • Fuller • Sweney • Butler • Updegraff • Haugen • Biermann • Talle • Le Compte • Carter • Kyl • Bandstra • Kyl • N. Smith • Ganske • Latham 5th Kasson • G. Dodge • Palmer • J. Wilson • R. Clark • W. G. Thompson • J. Wilson • Frederick • Kerr • J. Hamilton • Cousins • Good • Cole • Thruston • Le Compte • Cunningham • N. Smith • Scherle • Harkin • Lightfoot • Grandy • Latham • King 6th A. Hubbard • Pomeroy • Orr • Loughridge • Sampson • Weaver • Cutts • J. C. Cook • Cutts • J. C. Cook • Weaver • Lacey • White • Lacey • D. Hamilton • Kendall • Kirkpatrick • Ramseyer • Dowell • Utterback • Dowell • Goodwin • Cunningham • Gilchrist • James Dolliver • Coad • Hoeven • Greigg • Mayne • Bedell • Grandy 7th Kasson • Cummings • E. Gillette • Kasson • H. Smith • Conger • Hays • Hull • Prouty • Dowell • Wearin • Jensen • Hansen • Scherle 8th McDill • Sapp • Hepburn • Anderson • Flick • Hepburn • Jamieson • Towner • Evans • Thurston • Gilchrist • Hoeven 9th Orr • Oliver • Carpenter • Pusey • Lyman • Reed • Bowman • Hager • McPherson • W. Smith • Green • Vincent • Swanson • G. Gillette • Harrington • Narey 10th Holmes • Jonathan Dolliver • Conner • Woods • Dickinson • Gilchrist 11th Struble • Perkins • Thomas • E. Hubbard • Scott • Steele • Scott • Boies • Campbell AL Hastings and Leffler Terr Chapman • A. Dodge