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Palladium Ballroom
The Palladium Ballroom was a second-floor dancehall on 53rd Street and Broadway in New York City which became famous for its excellent Latin music from 1948 until its closing in 1966.
http://wn.com/Palladium_Ballroom -
Puerto Rico
http://wn.com/Puerto_Rico -
Spanish Harlem
http://wn.com/Spanish_Harlem
-
Audrey Puente
Audrey Puente (born March 3, 1970) is a meteorologist for WWOR-TV in New York City. She is the daughter of legendary Latin percussionist Tito Puente and the sister of musician Tito Puente, Jr.. Puente succeeded WWOR veteran meteorologist Storm Field in January 2007 as the station's main meteorologist.
http://wn.com/Audrey_Puente -
Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer.
http://wn.com/Dizzy_Gillespie -
Fernando Trueba
Fernando Trueba (January 18, 1955 in Madrid) is an award-winning Spanish book editor, screenwriter, film director and producer.
http://wn.com/Fernando_Trueba -
Gene Krupa
Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was an influential American jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style.
http://wn.com/Gene_Krupa -
Heart attack
http://wn.com/Heart_attack -
John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician, lawyer and broadcaster who was a U.S. Congressman, Mayor of New York City, candidate for U.S. President and regular guest host of Good Morning America.
http://wn.com/John_Lindsay -
José Enrique Serrano
http://wn.com/José_Enrique_Serrano -
La Lupe
http://wn.com/La_Lupe -
Luis Muñoz Marín
http://wn.com/Luis_Muñoz_Marín -
Machito
http://wn.com/Machito -
Steven Loza
Steven Joseph Loza (Steve Loza) is professor of ethnomusicology at UCLA and Lecturer III in music at the University of New Mexico. He is an authour of two books and editor of four anthologies in Latin music, including the first in-depth biography of Tito Puente.
http://wn.com/Steven_Loza -
Tito Puente
Tito Puente, Sr., (April 20, 1923 – June 1, 2000), born Ernesto Antonio Puente, Jr., was a Latin Jazz and Mambo musician. The son of native Puerto Ricans Ernest and Ercilia Puente, of Spanish Harlem in New York City, Puente is often credited as "El Rey" (the King) of the timbales and "The King of Latin Music". He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that helped keep his career going for 50 years. He and his music appear in many films such as The Mambo Kings and Fernando Trueba's Calle 54. He guest starred on several television shows including The Cosby Show and The Simpsons.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente -
Tito Puente, Jr.
Tito Puente, Jr., (born 2 June 1971 in New York City) is a bandleader. He is the son of legendary mambo musician Tito Puente and the brother of local New York City meteorologist Audrey Puente. Puente, Jr. carries on his father's legacy by presenting, in his performances and recordings, much of his father's repertoire.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Jr
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Mambo típico
- Mambo rumbón
- Almendra
- Mambolino
- Suavecito cha cha
- Mambo con cha cha cha
- Pare cochero
- Coco May May
- Cógele bien el compás
- Cha Cha Cha for Lovers
- Carolina
- Enjoy My Cha Cha Cha (Goza mi cha cha cha)
- Having a Ball (Rico vacilón)
- Espinita
- Tito's Merengue
- The Fence (La empaliza)
- The Knockout
- Hot Tamales (Los tamalitos de Olga)
- Bam Baram Bam Bam (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Picao' y Tostao' (with Gilberto Monroig)
- The Silver Star (with Gilberto Monroig)
- El Alardoso (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Mambo Rama
- Tropicana
- Caravan Mambo
- Mambo Inn
- Philadelphia Mambo
- 1626 Madison Avenue
- The Carioca
- Cool Mambo
- George Woods Mambo
- Confucius Mambo
- Baila Mi Cha-Cha-Cha
- Ya Lo Puedes Decir (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Cha Cha Cha
- Los Rumberos Se Van (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Bien Explicado (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Alma Muerta (with Gilberto Monroig)
- Abaniquito (with Vincento Valdés)
- Vibe Mambo
- El Mambo Diablo
- Mambo Inn
- Ran Kan Kan
- Stick On Bongo
- Caramelos (with Santos Colón)
- Timbalero (with Rudy Calzado)
- Aqua-Nile (with Santos Colón)
- Sambaroco
- Baba Mi (with Bobby Escoto)
- Oye Como Va (with Santos Colón)
- Tokyo de Noche
- Loco Bossa Nova
- Babarabatiri (with Santos Colón)
- Kwa Kwa (with Santos Colón)
- Ay Cariño (with Santos Colón)
- Cochise
- Caribe
- Mas Bajo
- Timbalito (with Santos Colón)
- Jumpin' with Symphony Sid
- Corta el Bonche (with Santos Colón)
- La Guarachera (with Celia Cruz)
- Oriente (with La Lupe)
- Corazón
- Solos tu y yo
- Mambo macoco
- Abaniquito
- Titos mambo
- Babalaqua
- Baile Simón
- Quiero mi tambó
- Cuban Cutie
- Burujon puñao
- Babarabatiri
- Cuban mambo
- Mambolero
- Mí Guaguancó (New Guaguancó)
- Mambo la roca
- Dicen todas
- Esy
- Nuevo mambo
- Drinking mambo
- Oye lo que tiene el mambo
- Cuban Nightingale
- Tonight I am in Heaven
- I do
- Jumbalato
- La güira
- La gloria eres tú
- El mambo diablo
- Monterrey
- Ta' bueno pa' bailar
- Aprieta el pollo
- Este es tumbao'
- Pénjamo
- Cuero na' ma'
- Este es coco
- Temtation
- Autumn leaves
- I get a kick out of you
- What is this thing called love
- Guaguancó en tropicana
- Tu mi amor divino
- Coco My My
- Tito Mambo
- Vibe Mambo
- Mamey Colorao
- Esy
- Mambo Con Puente
- Mambo Diablo
- Happy Heart
- Willie and Ray Mambo
- Caravan Mambo
- Mambo La Roca
- Babaratiri
- Mambolero
- Cuban Mambo
- Cuban Cutie
- Abaniquito
- Baila Simon
- Pare Cochero
- Coco Seco
- Espinita
- Cuidado Con La Mano
- Preludio De Amor
- La Guarachera
- Mi Desesperacion
- La Plena Bomba Me Llama
- Desencanto
- Cumbiando
- Tinicue
- No Hay Amigos
- Me Acerdo De Ti
- No Juegue Con El Diablo
- Herencia Gitana
- La Rueda
- Salve Pa'Ti'
- Para Los Rumberos
- Niña Y Señora
- Guayaba
- Ya No Me Quieres
- Dias En El Palladium
- Salsa Y Sabor
- China
- Batuka
- Contentoso
- El Catire
- Ran Kan Kan
- Swinging the Mambo
- Four Beat Cha Cha, Part 1
- Cuando te vea
- Tito Guajira
- Mambo Gozón
- Night Hawk
- Witch Doctor's Nightmare
- Abaniquito
- Picadillo
- Mambo Beat
- Cao Cao Maní Picao
- Birdland After Dark
- Obatalá Yeza
- Chanchullo
- Pa' los rumberos
- Hong Kong Mambo (alternate take)
- What Is This Thing Called Love
- Complicación
- Tito Timbero
- El #100
- Hay que trabajar (feat. Oscar D'León)
- Mambo Sentimental
- Salsumba (feat. Domingo Quiñones)
- Tito's Idea (feat. Hilton Ruiz)
- Teach Me Tonite
- Mambo Inn (live at Birdland)
- Flight to Jordan
- Obsession
- Oye como va (live at Village Gate)
- Jugando Mama, Jugando
- Mambo Tipico
- Penjamo
- Malanga con Yucca
- Mas Bajo
- Pachito Eche (feat. Celia Cruz)
- Fiesta con Puente
- Piano Pachanga
- El Que Usted Conoce
- Salsa y Sabor
- Black Brothers
- Vibe Mambo
- En El Cafetal (feat. Celia Cruz)
- Los Hermanos Pinzones (feat. Miguelito Valdes)
- Guiro 6/8 (feat. Celia Cruz)
- TP's Shing-A-Ling
- Meditação (feat. Tito Puente & His Orchestra)
- Oye Como Va
- Mi Trompeta Tropical
- Ran Kan Kan
- I Could Have Danced All Night
- Que Rico El Mambo
- Mambo #5
- Cerezo Rosa
- Patricia
- Mambo Jambo
- Mama Yo Quiero
- Quizas, Quizas, Quizas
- Frenesi
- Mambo Universitario
- Mambo Politecnico
- La Nina Popof
- Mambo #8
- Mambo Del Ruletero
- Lupita
- Always in My Heart
- Alma Llanera
- Taboo
- Ay Ay Ay
- Adios Pampa Mia
- Ruletero
- Royal "T"
- Japan Mambo
- T.P.'s Especial
- Oye Como Va
- Slam Bam
- Sweet Georgia Brown
- Spain
- Cha Cha Cha
- Stompin' at the Savoy
- Fiesta a La King
- Ran Kan Kan
- Lindo Cha-Cha
- It's The Bururu (Dame el Bururu)
- Vibe Guajira (Guajira en vibrafono)
- Let's Cha-Cha
- Ki-Ku-Ki-Kan
- Habanero
- Just For You
- Cha-Cha Fiesta
- Cha Charuagao
- You Are An Angel
- Guaririambo
- Cubarama
- Así Es Como Era (Malibú)
- Mambo La Roca
- Lo Dicen Todos
- Babaratiri
- A Burujon Punao
- Babalagua
- Mambo Macoco
- Mambolero
- Cuban Mambo
- Cuban Cutie
- Mi Guaguanco
- El Timbal
- Abaniquito
- Baila Simon
- Quiero Mi Tambo
- Mambo En Blues
- Ta Bueno Pa Baila
- Aprieta El Pollo
- Guaguanco En Tropicana
- Cuero Na' Ma
- Preparen Candela
- Baile Mi Mambo
- Nuevo Mambo
- Pito Joe
- Plaza Stomp
- Donkey Serenade
- Timbalito
- Pa Los Rumberos (For Dancers)
- Carioco
- New Cha-Cha
- El Cayuco
- Varsity Drag
- Latin Flight
- Que Será (What Is It?)
- Mambo Gozón
- Llego Mijan
- Aqua Limpia Todo
- El Agitador
- Hong Kong Mambo
- 3-D Mambo
- Jazzin'
- Fever
- Love for Sale
- Crazy He Calls Me
- To Be in Love
- Take It or Lose It
- Wave
- Going Out of My Head
- Love Me
- What a Difference a Day Makes
- Ojos Negros
- Tratame Como Soy
- Oh! Vida
- Nena Me Muero
- Mi Chiquita Quiere Guarachar
- Guaguanco Arsenio
- Negro De Sociedad
- Salsarengue
- Africa Linda
- Imagenes
- Magia Negra
- Apoyate En Mi
- De Mi Para Ti
- Bonito Y Sabroso
- Dolor Y Perdon
- Encantado De La Vida
- Para los Rumberos
- Juventud del Presente
- Separala Tambien
- Te Desafio
- La Gloria Eres Tu
- Aquarious / Let the Sun Shine In
- La Plena Bomba Me Llama
- El Rey del Timbal
- Picadillo
- Timbalero
- Woody'n You
- Asia Mood
- I Concentrate on You
- Tito's Idea
- Nica's Tempo
- Para El Rey
- Mambo Sentimental
- Joy Spring
- Yeah
- 8 Timbales
- Mambo La Roca
- Lo Dicen Todos
- Babaratiri
- A Burujon Puñao
- Babalagua
- Mambo Macoco
- Mambolero
- Cuban Mambo
- Cuban Cutie
- Mi Guaguanco
- El Timbal
- Abaniquito
- Baila Simon
- Quiero Mi Tambo
- Mambo En Blues
- Ta Bueno Pa Baila
- Aprieta El Pollo
- Guaguanco En Tropicana
- Cuero Na' Ma
- Preparen Candela
- Pachito E'Ché
- Tú Solo Tú
- Bailar La Plena
- Perdón
- Preferí Perderte
- Tumba Tumbador
- Rumberos De Ayer
- No Me Vayas a Engañar
- Ay Mi Cuba
- Fiesta De Tambores
- Que Bueno Baila Usted
- Yiri Yiri Bon
- Bonito Y Sabroso
- Dolor Y Perdon
- Se Me Cayo El Tabaco
- Encantado De La Vida
- Francisco Guayabal
- Baila Mi Son
- Camerera Del Amor
- Santa Isabel De Las Lajas
- Suavecito
- Almendra
- Prelude to Rhythm
- Cha Cha Cha
- Pare Cochero
- Cha Cha Mambo
- Los Marcianos
- La Palma
- Al Ritmo Del Cha Cha Cha
- Todos Bailan Mi Cha Cha Cha
- Cuidando Con La Mano
- Goza Mi Cha Cha Cha
- Fiesta Con Puente
- TP's Shing-A-Ling
- Guaguanco Margarito
- It Was Love (Fue Amor)
- Safari
- TP Treat
- Pata Pata
- Erasmo el Loco
- Sing-A Tin Tin
- Ta Contento el Pueblo
- Mi Trompeta Tropical
- Mirame Mas
- Downtown
- Pompo
- Cuando Calienta El Sol
- Carnaval En Harlem
- Rumba En El Patio
- Jumpin' With Symphony Sid
- Como Esta Miguel
- Letargo
- Bluesette
- Corta El Bonche
- El Agitador
- Imágenes
- Gua Cha Rum
- Magia Negra
- Vete Pa La Luna
- Llora Timbero
- Apóyate en mi alma
- El Plato Roto
- Timbalito
- Llora Corazón
- Espérame
- De mí para tí
- Malanga Con Yucca
- Oye Como Va
- Tokyo De Noche
- Trombola
- Triago El Coco Seco
- Africa Habla
- Batacumba
- La Pase Gozando
- Tito Suena El Timbal
- Donde Vas
- Gata Miau, Miau
- Oye Como Va
- Cao Cao Mani Picao
- El Cayuco
- Varsity Drag
- Mama Inez
- Carioca
- Que será
- Mambo Gozón
- Pá Los Rumberos
- El Bajo
- Yambeque
- New Cha-Cha
- Mambo Beat
- Cha-cha-chá de los Pollos
- Hong Kong Mambo
- Oye Mi Guanguangco
- Guaguancó Margarito
- Elegua changó
- Pa Borinquen
- El Paso
- Quisiera Olvidarte
- Cancion De La Serrania
- Vega Baja
- El Que Usted Conoce
- Babarabatiri
- Morena
- Romance Del Campensino
- Ocua
- Tile
- Ay Que Bueno
- Hay Que Tabajar
- Salsumba
- Oye Como Va
- Celia Y Tito
- Nuestro Amor
- Son Con Son (Da La Luz)
- El #100
- Para Los Rumberos
- Jazzin'
- Ran Kan Kan
- La Ultima Copa
- Mambo Sentimental
- Ran Kan Kan
- Celia Y Tito
- Hay Que Trabajar
- Oye Como Va
- El # 100
- Salsumba
- Tito's Idea
- Envuelvete Conmigo
- Dejame Sonar
- El Bribon del Aguacero
- 8 Timbales
- Come Together (Venir Juntos)
- Mambo Sentimental
- Mambo a La Tito
- Arrollando
- Aqui No Me Quedo Yo
- Pito Joe
- Friquilandia
- Yo-Yo
- Por Tu Amor
- Algo Nuevo
- Ran Kan Kan
- Sacala
- Pare Cochero
- Coco Seco
- Caravan
- Donkey Serenade
- Ricci Ricci
- Undecided
- Plaza Stomp
- Loco De Amor
- Night Beat
- Mambo Beat
- Sea Breeze
- Emerald Beach
- The Late, Late Scene
- Carioca
- Night Ritual
- Malibu Beat
- Flying Down to Rio
- Night Hawk
- Live a Little
- What Is This Thing Called Love
- Tiny-Not Ghengis
- What Are You Doin', Honey
- Lotus Land
- Lucky Dog
- Birdland After Dark
- That's A Puente
- Yesterdays
- Terry Cloth
- Tito' in
- Yo Quiero Vivir Tranquilo
- Preludio Para Ernesto
- Yego la Banda
- Pacheco y Sus Tumba
- Melopediste
- Quedate
- Todas No Son Malas
- Tp
- Aquarius / Let the Sunshine In
- Yo Soy La Voz
- La Danza De La Chiva
- Mi Querida Borinquen
- Genesis
- Quimbo Quimbumbia
- Yo Regresare
- En El Batey
- Corazón Contento
- En El Cafetal
- Ran kan kán
- Quimbara
- Para los rumberos
- Cucala
- Oye como va
- Ay mi Cuba
- Mambo diablo
- Mango mangué
- Babarabatiri
- Malao de caña
- Pata pata
- La cumbanchera
- Guayaba
- Quién será
- El rey del timbal
- La mucura
- En el tiempo de la colonia
- Ran Kan Kan
- Quimbara
- Para Los Rumberos
- Cucala
- Oye Como Va
- Rumberos de Ayer
- Mambo Diablo
- Ay Mi Cuba
- Pata Pata
- El Celoso
- El Rey del Timbal
- En El Tiempo de la Colonia
- Dile que venga
- Pobre de mí
- No me importa
- Calumbo
- La lloradora
- Porque así tenia que ser
- Como un gorrión
- Amor verdadero
- Azucar Pa' Un Amargao
- Guaguanco Arsenio
- Negro De Sociedad
- Salsarengue
- No Me Touche Pas
- Si Alguna Vez
- Virgen De Regla
- Africa Linda
- Coco My My
- Tito Mambo
- Mamey Colorao
- ESY
- Mambo Con Puente
- Vibe Mambo
- Oye Lo Que Tiene El Mambo
- Mari Juana
- Drinking Mambo
- Tinguaro
- Nuevo Mambo
- Mambo Diablo
- Baile Mi Mambo
- No Lo Hago Más
- Jumbalato
- Happy Heart
- Willie & Ray Mambo
- Caravan Mambo
- Cao Cao Maní Picao
- Dónde Estabas Tú
- Mi Chiquita Quiere Guarachar
- Sácala
- El Baile Del Pingüino
- Domingo Pantoja
- Ariñañara
- Rogelio, No Me Aprietes Más
- Lagrimas Negras
- Ya No Hay Mujeres Feas
- Para Que Sufran Los Pollos
- Arróz Con Pollo
- Tú No Eres Nadie
- Cuando Suenan Los Tambores
- Mambo Tipico
- Mambo Inn
- Mambolino
- Mambo Rumbon
- Mambo Rama
- Mambo Lenko
- Ran Kan Kan
- Mambo With Me
- Mambo Gallego
- Que Lindo El Mambo
- Mambiando
- Titoro
- Que Bueno Baila Usted
- Salsa Y Sabor
- A Gozar Timbero
- Ban Ban Queré
- Guaguancó Margarito
- Trátame Como Soy
- Manigua
- Mi Chiquita Quiere Guarachar
- Mi Bomba Sono
- Para Los Rumberos
- Si Alguna Vez
- Encantado De La Vida
- Niña Y Señora
- Palladium Days
- Salsarengue
- New Arrival
- Sun Flower
- Afro Blue
- Teach Me Tonight
- Flight to Jordan
- Obsession
- Celia Y Tito
- Hay Que Trabajar
- El #100
- Mambo Sentimental
- Todo
- Yo no lloro mas
- Bomba na' ma'
- Adiós
- Menealo (Tiene la azucar abajo)
- Homenaje a Juan Vincente
- Jala jala
- María dolores
- Mi socio
- Que te pedí
- Junto a tí
- Elube chango
- Ran Kan Kan
- Hong Kong Mambo
- Dance Mania
- Cao Cao Mani Picao
- Four Beat Cha Cha
- Cuál Es La Idea (What's the Idea)
- Complicación
- Oye Mi Guangancó (Listen to the Guaguancó)
- Cuban Nightmare
- 3-D Mambo
- A Gozar Timbero
- Son De La Loma
- Baja
- Blue Moon
- Autumn Leaves
- Kiss of Fire
- I Concentrate on You
- Harlem Nocturne
- So in Love
- Baby Won't You Please Come Home
- The Continental
- Lavirgen Del La Macarena
- Moonlight in Vermont
- Temptation
- Blue Moon (alternate take)
- The Continental (alternate take)
- Introduction & Tito's Theme
- Baubles, Bangles & Beads
- I Love Paris
- How High the Moon
- At the Balalaika
- Sweet Sue - Just You
- Grossinger's Cha Cha Chá
- Miami Beach Cha Cha Chá
- Managua, Nicaragua
- That Old Devil Moon (In Your Eyes)
- Puente at Grossinger's
- Comme Ci - Come Ca
- Speak Low
- The Jazz Theme
- Tito's Theme
- Grossinger's Cha Cha Chá
- That Old Devil Moon (In Your Eyes)
- I Love Paris
- Miami Beach Cha Cha Chá
- How High the Moon
- Philladelphia, Mambo
Born: ['1923-04-20']
Died: ['2000-06-01']
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Tito Puente - Oye Como Va
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Published: 06 Dec 2008
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Tito Puente - Oye Como Va The Original Version very cool. Song from Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories (Radio Espantoso),The song from El Rey
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Oye_Como_Va
Tito Puente - El Cumbanchero
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Published: 18 Feb 2007
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Rare, non-commercial 1965 clip of Tito Puente playing "El Cumbanchero" by Rafael Hernandez, one of the most prolific and important Puerto Rican composers of the century. This is from a tribute show to Hernandez that El Banco Popular sponsored in 1965.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_El_Cumbanchero
Tito Puente on Sesame Street
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Published: 18 Jul 2007
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
¡Arriba, muchachos! It's Latin percussionist extraordinaire Tito Puente, whose music even a grouch can't resist dancing to.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_on_Sesame_Street
Tito Puente - Ran Kan Kan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Published: 12 Jun 2010
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Tito Puente Mambo Birdland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Published: 24 Nov 2006
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Tito Puente Mambo Birdland. Frankie Martinez is featured in this video as well as the rest of the Eddie Torres Dance Company.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Mambo_Birdland
TITO PUENTE Y EL CANARIO - OYE COMO VA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 01 Oct 2007
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Tito Puente
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_Y_EL_CANARIO_OYE_COMO_VA
TITO PUENTE - TIMBAL (SOLO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 09 Oct 2010
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Tito Puente, Sr., (April 20, 1923 -- June 1, 2000[1]), born Ernesto Antonio Puente, Jr., was a Latin Jazz and Mambo musician. The son of native Puerto Ricans Ernest and Ercilia Puente, of Spanish Harlem in New York City, Puente is often credited as "El Rey" (the King) of the timbales and "The King of Latin Music". He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that helped keep his career going for 50 years. He and his music appear in many films such as The Mambo Kings and Fernando Trueba's Calle 54. He guest starred on several television shows including The Cosby Show and The Simpsons.
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_TIMBAL_SOLO
TITO PUENTE, NICKY MARRERO & KAKO AT VILLAGE GATE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Published: 17 Dec 2008
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Monday night , August 4, 1986, Tito Puente Invited Nicky Marrero and Kako to a timbales duel at the legendary Village Gate.
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE,_NICKY_MARRERO_KAKO_AT_VILLAGE_GATE
Tito Puente ★ Ran Kan Kan @ Live 720p 4:3 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Published: 15 May 2010
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Best Live Music Videos on YouTube : www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_★_Ran_Kan_Kan_@_Live_720p_43_HD
Tito Puente y Charlie Palmieri - Jam En El Barrio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Published: 02 Jul 2008
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
To follow...
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_y_Charlie_Palmieri_Jam_En_El_Barrio
Tito Puente & His Orchestra - Timbalero .
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 10 Jun 2009
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Tito Puente - Oye Como Va (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 24 Apr 2008
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Tito Puente performing at the 1993 JVC Newport Jazz Festival. From my private collection. Enjoy... (circa: 1993) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Oye_Como_Va_Live
Tito Puente (Para Los Rumberos)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Published: 02 Jan 2009
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Tito Puente (Para Los Rumberos)
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Para_Los_Rumberos
TITO PUENTE with SHEILA E.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 14 Mar 2010
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Tito Peunte and his orchestra live with Sheila E.
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_with_SHEILA_E
Tito Puente & Celia Cruz - Quimbara (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Published: 30 Apr 2008
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Live performance from "El Rey" Tito Puente & "La Reina" Celia Cruz with an All-Star Band that includes master "conguero" Poncho Sanchez. From myprivate collection, enjoy... (circa: 1987) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Celia_Cruz_Quimbara_Live
Tito Puente, Dizzy Gillespie, Mario Rivera & Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr At The Village Gate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:19
- Published: 13 Dec 2008
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Videoed by Orlando Godoy. Tito Puente, Mario Rivera, Dizzy Gillespie and Sayyd Abdul Al-Khabyyr, playing "Oye como va" at Village Gate on September 8, 1986.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente,_Dizzy_Gillespie,_Mario_Rivera_Sayyd_Abdul_Al-Khabyyr_At_The_Village_Gate
Tito Puente - Take Five
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Published: 18 Oct 2009
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Gran arreglo latino del legendario tema de Paul Desmond, esta vez tenemos el sólido aporte pianístico de Sonny Bravo, igualmente podemos oír en esta versión cómo destaca sobremanera el solo de saxo tenor del gran maestro Mario Rivera demostrándonos el poder y conocimiento de los mejores instrumentistas del lado latino, con una de las mejores ejecuciones de este instrumento que se han hecho hasta el momento. También es clave mencionar el aporte del trompetista Ray González que con su genial estilo logra plasmar uno de los mejores solos registrados en la orquesta de Tito y en el jazz latino, finalmente la canción nos regala un veloz y magnífico solo de timbal del siempre grande timbalero Tito Puente!
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Take_Five
Tito Puente plays timbales at LP studio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Published: 12 Mar 2007
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
It was around 1999 that Tito Puente paid a visit to LP's photo studio for the famous King in his regal robes photo session and he performed on timbales for ©Profiles in Greatness
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_plays_timbales_at_LP_studio
Tito Puente en Lima - Oye Como Va (Mambo-inn.com)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 17 May 2007
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Tito Puente y su Orquesta en el Canal 4 de Lima-Perú (Año 1981). Coros: Frankie Figueroa.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_en_Lima_Oye_Como_Va_Mambo-inncom
Tito Puente Hit the Bongo (Tico)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 20 May 2009
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
Latin soul monster by the King, Tito Puente on Tico. This is my 45, it's pretty tough to find on the original Tico release. I've done a few podcasts at: soulgaloo.podbean.com
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Hit_the_Bongo_Tico
TITO PUENTE LATIN JAZZ ENSEMBLE & CACHAO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:50
- Published: 16 Dec 2008
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Tito Puente Introduce Cachao to an audience In Atlanta, GA at the Atlanta Jazz Festival on August 4, 1990
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_LATIN_JAZZ_ENSEMBLE_CACHAO
Tito Puente: Caravan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Published: 03 Mar 2010
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
One of the best hits of Tito Puente
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Caravan
Tito Puente, Millie P, and the Poncho Sanchez Orchestra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 01 Feb 2007
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Tito and Millie Puente jamming on the timbales. Accompanied by the Poncho Sanchez Orchestra
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente,_Millie_P,_and_the_Poncho_Sanchez_Orchestra
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Tito Puente Last Life Performance Oye Como Va
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Published: 09 Nov 2009
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
By virtue of his warm, flamboyant stage manner, longevity, constant touring, and appearances in the mass media, Tito Puente is probably the most beloved symbol of Latin jazz. But more than that, Puente managed to keep his music remarkably fresh over the decades; as a timbales virtuoso, he combined mastery over every rhythmic nuance with old-fashioned showmanship -- watching his eyes bug out when taking a dynamic solo was one of the great treats for Latin jazz fans. A trained musician, he was also a fine, lyrical vibraphonist, a gifted arranger, and played piano, congas, bongos, and saxophone. His appeal continues to cut across all ages and ethnic groups, helped no doubt by Santana's best-selling cover versions of "Oye Como Va" and "Para Los Rumberos" in 1970-1971, and cameo appearances on The Cosby Show in the 1980s and the film The Mambo Kings in 1992. His brand of classic salsa is generally free of dark undercurrents, radiating a joyous, compulsively danceable party atmosphere. Rooted in Spanish Harlem, of Puerto Rican descent, Puente originally intended to become a dancer but those ambitions were scotched by a torn ankle tendon suffered in an accident. At age 13, he began working in Ramon Olivero's big band as a drummer, and later he studied composing, orchestration, and piano at Juilliard and the the New York School of Music. More importantly, he played with and absorbed the influence of Machito, who was successfully fusing Latin rhythms with progressive jazz. Forming <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Last_Life_Performance_Oye_Como_Va
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Published: 20 Sep 2006
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. July 1980.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Live_at_the_Montreux_tune_1
Tito Puente ★ Ran Kan Kan @ Live 720p 4:3 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Published: 15 May 2010
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Best Live Music Videos on YouTube : www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_★_Ran_Kan_Kan_@_Live_720p_43_HD
Tito Puente & Celia Cruz - Quimbara (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Published: 30 Apr 2008
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Live performance from "El Rey" Tito Puente & "La Reina" Celia Cruz with an All-Star Band that includes master "conguero" Poncho Sanchez. From myprivate collection, enjoy... (circa: 1987) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Celia_Cruz_Quimbara_Live
Latin Labor Day - Tito Puente Live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 26 Aug 2006
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
"Latin Labor Day" takes you back to September 1st, 1981. The complete DVD features a 74 minute percussion fiesta with Alex Acuña, Tito Puente and Miguel Cruz captured live on stage at the Irvine Bowl during the Laguna Jazz Festival. A must see! www.amazon.com ASIN B000GCG9V6 www.customflix.com www.compusol.org
http://wn.com/Latin_Labor_Day_Tito_Puente_Live
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:32
- Published: 03 Oct 2006
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. July 1980.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Live_at_the_Montreux_tune_2
Tito Puente plays timbales at LP studio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Published: 12 Mar 2007
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
It was around 1999 that Tito Puente paid a visit to LP's photo studio for the famous King in his regal robes photo session and he performed on timbales for ©Profiles in Greatness
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_plays_timbales_at_LP_studio
Tito Puente - Oye Como Va (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 24 Apr 2008
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Tito Puente performing at the 1993 JVC Newport Jazz Festival. From my private collection. Enjoy... (circa: 1993) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Oye_Como_Va_Live
RAN CAN CAN, LIVE BY TITO PUENTE(1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Published: 07 May 2011
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
TITO PUENTE: RAN CAN CAN
http://wn.com/RAN_CAN_CAN,_LIVE_BY_TITO_PUENTE1
Hipnoxis TV present - Dirtyphonics Live @ Anfiteatro Tito Puente (Puerto Rico) November 23, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Published: 24 Nov 2011
- Updated: 15 Jun 2012
Hipnoxis TV brought you 10 min. from Dirtyphonics live show at the Tito Puente Amphitheater in Puerto Rico. video recorded by: Elvin Oquendo eoquendo@hipnoxis.com www.hipnoxis.com Facebook: Hipnoxis.com www.youtube.com/hipnoxistv www.vimeo.com/hipnoxistv www.hipnoxis.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Hipnoxis_TV_present_Dirtyphonics_Live_@_Anfiteatro_Tito_Puente_Puerto_Rico_November_23,_2011
Tito Puente live at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental Part 2 of 2 for youtube
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Published: 05 Apr 2009
- Updated: 24 Sep 2009
Tito Puente at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental part 1 of 2. I had to break this into two parts becuase of length restrictions on Youtube. Please listen to part 1 first!
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_live_at_Candilejas_1987_Instrumental_Part_2_of_2_for_youtube
Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Published: 14 Nov 2009
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
Mambo Legend continues with Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo -CONTRATACIONES - ChinoRM@Hotmail.com - Latin Music Booking.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ All music related performances and or interviews remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, Promotion for the artist and - or the owner, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Jr_Live_at_the_Apollo
Tito Puente, Jr. LIVE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Published: 02 Jul 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Tito Puente Jr. Live Concert at the Panama Jazz Festival 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:10
- Published: 23 Jan 2012
- Updated: 20 May 2012
9th Panama Jazz Festival (2012) "Del Corazón de América para el Mundo..." Tito Puente Jr, with the Panama Jazz Festival Ensemble To learn more about Tito Puente Jr: www.titopuentejr.net Aquí con la dirección musical del Maestro Byron Tostado, y además con la participación del Maestro Danilo Pérez, insigne pianista y fundador del Festival de Jazz de Panamá. The comparison is inevitable. How could it be otherwise? Tito Puente Jr. carries his father with him - imprinted on his physical being and locked in his soul. It's in his looks, his joy, his music. No doubt, every time Tito Jr. walks on stage - he walks in his father's footsteps. He dances in celebration, throws his head back in pure joy and lights up the room with that oh-so-familiar smile. Tito Jr. is on a passionate mission. The younger Puente is determined to nurture the musical legacy left by his father. He refuses to let it become a distant memory; "He was just too vibrant, too exciting. There was magic in the music my father made. It made people happy, all over the world. My goal is to keep it alive, and in doing so, expose it to a whole new generation." Over the past two years, Tito Jr. has found captive audiences who echo his passion. Crowds once lured to a venue by the father's magic have returned to enjoy the son -- participating once again in the high voltage celebration that takes place on stage. Tito Puente, Jr. has become a favorite entertainer in casinos, performing arts centers and jazz festivals <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Jr_Live_Concert_at_the_Panama_Jazz_Festival_2012
Oye Como Va Live - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walakata!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 11 Jan 2012
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
Oye Como Va Live @ Zappa Club, May 2011 - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walakata Salsa Band! On Tour 2011! Tito Puente Jr. _ Timbales Fernando Knopf - Bass, Producer Udi Or Haim - Conductor, Timbales & PD, Marcelo Zuber Flute, Bari Sax Zack Halevi - Vocal/// Claudio Choen Terica - Vocal/// Marc Bril & Adi Meiri -Trumpet/// Lior Ron - Trumpet/// Rafi Davidov - Trumpet/// Oran Ben Avi - Tenor Sax./// Marcello Zuber - Bariton Sax. & Flute/// Ron Baron - Trombone/// Ido Zeleznick - Piano/// Rafi Messica - Percussion/// CHen Pepe Meir - Percussion/// Moshe Davidovich - Technical Manger. Very Special Show with son of the Legend...Tito Puente Jr.!!!! Live in Israel!!! "Walakata" presents a group of Israel's finest musicians that had teamed together in order to establish the biggest, hottest salsa band in Israel. "Walakata" brings the scent of traditional Puerto Rican and Nuyorican salsa. Honoring some of the greatest composers and performers of the genre such as "Eddie Palmieri" "Tito Puente", "Fania All Stars", "Raulin Rosedo", "Ismael Quintana" and many more, "Walakata" takes the crowd on a journey to some of the best dance clubs of NY, Puerto Rico & Havana.
http://wn.com/Oye_Como_Va_Live_Tito_Puente_Jr_Fernando_Knopf_with_Walakata!
TITO PUENTE with SHEILA E.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 14 Mar 2010
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Tito Peunte and his orchestra live with Sheila E.
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_with_SHEILA_E
TITO PUENTE live at NYU.mpg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Published: 20 Feb 2010
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
"mambo inn" circa 1988 tito puente and orchestra at NYU
http://wn.com/TITO_PUENTE_live_at_NYUmpg
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhous
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Published: 06 Nov 2007
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhouse
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Choco_Orta_And_Friend's_Live_At_Willie_Steakhous
Tito Puente Masterworks Live!!! CD Release
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Published: 26 Mar 2011
- Updated: 24 Aug 2011
Tito Puente CD and Book Release at Manhattan School of Music feat. Bobby Sanabria, Joe Conzo and David A. Perez. New York - March 23, 2011 CD 'Tito Puente MASTERWORKS LIVE!!!' by Bobby Sanabria & Manhattan School Of Music Afro-Cuban Jazz Orchestra (Jazzheads, 2011) www.jazzheads.com Bobby Sanabria www.bobbysanabria.com Video Production: Lena Adasheva
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente_Masterworks_Live!!!_CD_Release
Tito puente jr live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:42
- Published: 09 Feb 2006
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Dave Martinez Entertainment www.starlatino.com
http://wn.com/Tito_puente_jr_live
Sheila E and Tito Puente
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:44
- Published: 16 May 2009
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
PICADILLO Tito Puente and Cal Tjader
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Published: 28 Oct 2008
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Latin jazz live en Monterrey 1977
http://wn.com/PICADILLO_Tito_Puente_and_Cal_Tjader
"Ran Kan Kan" - One Life To Live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:55
- Published: 17 Nov 2008
- Updated: 31 May 2012
Tito Puente, Jr. performing "Ran Kan Kan" with his band on the daytime television show: One Life To Live
http://wn.com/Ran_Kan_Kan_One_Life_To_Live
4:22
Tito Puente Last Life Performance Oye Como Va
By virtue of his warm, flamboyant stage manner, longevity, constant touring, and appearanc...
published: 09 Nov 2009
Author: platinummusicgroup
Tito Puente Last Life Performance Oye Como Va
By virtue of his warm, flamboyant stage manner, longevity, constant touring, and appearances in the mass media, Tito Puente is probably the most beloved symbol of Latin jazz. But more than that, Puente managed to keep his music remarkably fresh over the decades; as a timbales virtuoso, he combined mastery over every rhythmic nuance with old-fashioned showmanship -- watching his eyes bug out when taking a dynamic solo was one of the great treats for Latin jazz fans. A trained musician, he was also a fine, lyrical vibraphonist, a gifted arranger, and played piano, congas, bongos, and saxophone. His appeal continues to cut across all ages and ethnic groups, helped no doubt by Santana's best-selling cover versions of "Oye Como Va" and "Para Los Rumberos" in 1970-1971, and cameo appearances on The Cosby Show in the 1980s and the film The Mambo Kings in 1992. His brand of classic salsa is generally free of dark undercurrents, radiating a joyous, compulsively danceable party atmosphere. Rooted in Spanish Harlem, of Puerto Rican descent, Puente originally intended to become a dancer but those ambitions were scotched by a torn ankle tendon suffered in an accident. At age 13, he began working in Ramon Olivero's big band as a drummer, and later he studied composing, orchestration, and piano at Juilliard and the the New York School of Music. More importantly, he played with and absorbed the influence of Machito, who was successfully fusing Latin rhythms with progressive jazz. Forming <b>...</b>
7:09
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 1
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. Jul...
published: 20 Sep 2006
Author: martincongahead
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 1
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. July 1980.
6:15
Tito Puente ★ Ran Kan Kan @ Live 720p 4:3 HD
Best Live Music Videos on YouTube : www.youtube.com...
published: 15 May 2010
Author: AntonyHDVProducer
Tito Puente ★ Ran Kan Kan @ Live 720p 4:3 HD
Best Live Music Videos on YouTube : www.youtube.com
4:59
Tito Puente & Celia Cruz - Quimbara (Live)
Live performance from "El Rey" Tito Puente & "La Reina" Celia Cruz...
published: 30 Apr 2008
Author: boricuajazzz8
Tito Puente & Celia Cruz - Quimbara (Live)
Live performance from "El Rey" Tito Puente & "La Reina" Celia Cruz with an All-Star Band that includes master "conguero" Poncho Sanchez. From myprivate collection, enjoy... (circa: 1987) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
3:18
Latin Labor Day - Tito Puente Live
"Latin Labor Day" takes you back to September 1st, 1981. The complete DVD featur...
published: 26 Aug 2006
Author: compusol
Latin Labor Day - Tito Puente Live
"Latin Labor Day" takes you back to September 1st, 1981. The complete DVD features a 74 minute percussion fiesta with Alex Acuña, Tito Puente and Miguel Cruz captured live on stage at the Irvine Bowl during the Laguna Jazz Festival. A must see! www.amazon.com ASIN B000GCG9V6 www.customflix.com www.compusol.org
8:32
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 2
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. Jul...
published: 03 Oct 2006
Author: martincongahead
Tito Puente Live at the Montreux tune 2
Tito Puente and the Latin Percussion Jazz Ensemble live at the Montreux Jazz Festival. July 1980.
2:13
Tito Puente plays timbales at LP studio
It was around 1999 that Tito Puente paid a visit to LP's photo studio for the famous K...
published: 12 Mar 2007
Author: martincongahead
Tito Puente plays timbales at LP studio
It was around 1999 that Tito Puente paid a visit to LP's photo studio for the famous King in his regal robes photo session and he performed on timbales for ©Profiles in Greatness
5:23
Tito Puente - Oye Como Va (Live)
Tito Puente performing at the 1993 JVC Newport Jazz Festival. From my private collection. ...
published: 24 Apr 2008
Author: boricuajazzz8
Tito Puente - Oye Como Va (Live)
Tito Puente performing at the 1993 JVC Newport Jazz Festival. From my private collection. Enjoy... (circa: 1993) All TV promos, news clips, airchecks, music related performances etc. remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
10:00
RAN CAN CAN, LIVE BY TITO PUENTE(1)
TITO PUENTE: RAN CAN CAN...
published: 07 May 2011
Author: titoneno74
RAN CAN CAN, LIVE BY TITO PUENTE(1)
TITO PUENTE: RAN CAN CAN
12:32
Hipnoxis TV present - Dirtyphonics Live @ Anfiteatro Tito Puente (Puerto Rico) November 23, 2011
Hipnoxis TV brought you 10 min. from Dirtyphonics live show at the Tito Puente Amphitheate...
published: 24 Nov 2011
Author: HipnoxisTV
Hipnoxis TV present - Dirtyphonics Live @ Anfiteatro Tito Puente (Puerto Rico) November 23, 2011
Hipnoxis TV brought you 10 min. from Dirtyphonics live show at the Tito Puente Amphitheater in Puerto Rico. video recorded by: Elvin Oquendo eoquendo@hipnoxis.com www.hipnoxis.com Facebook: Hipnoxis.com www.youtube.com/hipnoxistv www.vimeo.com/hipnoxistv www.hipnoxis.tumblr.com
5:12
Tito Puente live at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental Part 2 of 2 for youtube
Tito Puente at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental part 1 of 2. I had to break this into two part...
published: 05 Apr 2009
Author: Gary Eisenberg
Tito Puente live at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental Part 2 of 2 for youtube
Tito Puente at Candilejas 1987 Instrumental part 1 of 2. I had to break this into two parts becuase of length restrictions on Youtube. Please listen to part 1 first!
1:56
Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo
Mambo Legend continues with Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo -CONTRATACIONES - ChinoRM@...
published: 14 Nov 2009
Author: Chino Rodriguez
Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo
Mambo Legend continues with Tito Puente Jr - Live at the Apollo -CONTRATACIONES - ChinoRM@Hotmail.com - Latin Music Booking.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ All music related performances and or interviews remain the sole property of their respective copyright holders. No video clips are for sale, nor do they imply challenge to ownerships. They are intended strictly for entertainment, Promotion for the artist and - or the owner, educational, and historical purposes, and fall under the "Fair Use" guideline.
25:10
Tito Puente Jr. Live Concert at the Panama Jazz Festival 2012
9th Panama Jazz Festival (2012) "Del Corazón de América para el Mundo.....
published: 23 Jan 2012
Author: Daniel Henry Thomas
Tito Puente Jr. Live Concert at the Panama Jazz Festival 2012
9th Panama Jazz Festival (2012) "Del Corazón de América para el Mundo..." Tito Puente Jr, with the Panama Jazz Festival Ensemble To learn more about Tito Puente Jr: www.titopuentejr.net Aquí con la dirección musical del Maestro Byron Tostado, y además con la participación del Maestro Danilo Pérez, insigne pianista y fundador del Festival de Jazz de Panamá. The comparison is inevitable. How could it be otherwise? Tito Puente Jr. carries his father with him - imprinted on his physical being and locked in his soul. It's in his looks, his joy, his music. No doubt, every time Tito Jr. walks on stage - he walks in his father's footsteps. He dances in celebration, throws his head back in pure joy and lights up the room with that oh-so-familiar smile. Tito Jr. is on a passionate mission. The younger Puente is determined to nurture the musical legacy left by his father. He refuses to let it become a distant memory; "He was just too vibrant, too exciting. There was magic in the music my father made. It made people happy, all over the world. My goal is to keep it alive, and in doing so, expose it to a whole new generation." Over the past two years, Tito Jr. has found captive audiences who echo his passion. Crowds once lured to a venue by the father's magic have returned to enjoy the son -- participating once again in the high voltage celebration that takes place on stage. Tito Puente, Jr. has become a favorite entertainer in casinos, performing arts centers and jazz festivals <b>...</b>
Vimeo results:
3:54
Tito Puente Meets Newcastle
Passersby in downtown Newcastle as Moira and I have afternoon tea. Music courtesy of Tito...
published: 06 Sep 2011
Author: Lubellule
Tito Puente Meets Newcastle
Passersby in downtown Newcastle as Moira and I have afternoon tea. Music courtesy of Tito Puente.
2:26
Tito Puente, JR. - Mambo Gozon
Tito Puente, JR. Performs Mambo Gozon...
published: 30 Oct 2008
Author: Berkeley Agency
Tito Puente, JR. - Mambo Gozon
Tito Puente, JR. Performs Mambo Gozon
4:54
The Shaving
A little Novel about a Date. Based on the experiences of one,filmed by two people, played ...
published: 28 Aug 2010
Author: Tito Puente
The Shaving
A little Novel about a Date. Based on the experiences of one,filmed by two people, played by two. And the two are in both times the same.
Youtube results:
4:15
Oye Como Va Live - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walakata!
Oye Como Va Live @ Zappa Club, May 2011 - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walaka...
published: 11 Jan 2012
Author: Fernando Knopf Latin Power
Oye Como Va Live - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walakata!
Oye Como Va Live @ Zappa Club, May 2011 - Tito Puente Jr. & Fernando Knopf with Walakata Salsa Band! On Tour 2011! Tito Puente Jr. _ Timbales Fernando Knopf - Bass, Producer Udi Or Haim - Conductor, Timbales & PD, Marcelo Zuber Flute, Bari Sax Zack Halevi - Vocal/// Claudio Choen Terica - Vocal/// Marc Bril & Adi Meiri -Trumpet/// Lior Ron - Trumpet/// Rafi Davidov - Trumpet/// Oran Ben Avi - Tenor Sax./// Marcello Zuber - Bariton Sax. & Flute/// Ron Baron - Trombone/// Ido Zeleznick - Piano/// Rafi Messica - Percussion/// CHen Pepe Meir - Percussion/// Moshe Davidovich - Technical Manger. Very Special Show with son of the Legend...Tito Puente Jr.!!!! Live in Israel!!! "Walakata" presents a group of Israel's finest musicians that had teamed together in order to establish the biggest, hottest salsa band in Israel. "Walakata" brings the scent of traditional Puerto Rican and Nuyorican salsa. Honoring some of the greatest composers and performers of the genre such as "Eddie Palmieri" "Tito Puente", "Fania All Stars", "Raulin Rosedo", "Ismael Quintana" and many more, "Walakata" takes the crowd on a journey to some of the best dance clubs of NY, Puerto Rico & Havana.
4:15
TITO PUENTE with SHEILA E.
Tito Peunte and his orchestra live with Sheila E....
published: 14 Mar 2010
Author: corp588
TITO PUENTE with SHEILA E.
Tito Peunte and his orchestra live with Sheila E.
2:24
TITO PUENTE live at NYU.mpg
"mambo inn" circa 1988 tito puente and orchestra at NYU...
published: 20 Feb 2010
Author: corp588
TITO PUENTE live at NYU.mpg
"mambo inn" circa 1988 tito puente and orchestra at NYU
8:43
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhous
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhouse...
published: 06 Nov 2007
Author: raulhotpapi
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhous
Tito Puente Choco Orta And Friend's Live At Willie Steakhouse
Photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
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| Tito Puente | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Ernesto Antonio Puente |
| Also known as | Tito Puente "El Rey de los Timbales" The King of Latin Music |
| Born | (1923-04-20)April 20, 1923 New York City |
| Died | June 1, 2000(2000-06-01) (aged 77) New York City |
| Genres | Afro-Cuban jazz, mambo, salsa |
| Occupations | Musician, producer |
| Instruments | Timbales, Vibraphone |
| Years active | 1946 - 2000 |
| Labels | Fania Records, Sony Discos, RMM Records |
| Associated acts | La Lupe |
Tito Puente, (April 20, 1923 – June 1, 2000)[1], born Ernesto Antonio Puente, was a Latin jazz and salsa musician and composer. The son of native Puerto Ricans, Ernest and Ercilia Puente, living in New York City's Spanish Harlem community, Puente is often credited as "El Rey de los Timbales" (The King of the timbales) and "The King of Latin Music". He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that helped keep his career going for 50 years. He and his music appear in many films such as The Mambo Kings and Fernando Trueba's Calle 54. He guest starred on several television shows including Sesame Street, The Cosby Show and The Simpsons.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Tito Puente was born on April 23, 1923, at Harlem Hospital Center in New York City.[2][3] His family moved frequently, but he spent the majority of his childhood in the Spanish Harlem area of the city.[2] Puente's father was the foreman at a razorblade factory.[4]
As a child, he was described as hyperactive, and after neighbors complained of hearing seven-year-old Puente drumming on pots and window frames, his mother sent him to 25 cent piano lessons.[4] By age 10, he switched to percussion, drawing influence from jazz drummer Gene Krupa.[4] He later created a song-and-dance duo with his sister Anna in the 1930s and intended to become a dancer, but an ankle tendon injury prevented him pursuing dance as a career.[4][3] When the drummer in Machito's band was drafted to the army, Puente subsequently took his place.[4]
Career[link]
Tito Puente Sr. served in the Navy for three years during World War II after being drafted in 1942. He was discharged with a Presidential Unit Citation for serving in nine battles on the escort carrier USS Santee (CVE-29). The GI Bill allowed him to study music at Juilliard School of Music, where he completed a formal education in conducting, orchestration and theory. In 1969, he received the key to the City of New York from former Mayor John Lindsay. In 1992, he was inducted into the National Congressional Record, and in 1993 he received the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal from the Smithsonian.[5]
During the 1950s, Puente was at the height of his popularity, and helped to bring Afro-Cuban and Caribbean sounds, like mambo, son, and cha-cha-cha, to mainstream audiences (he was so successful playing popular Afro-Cuban rhythms that many people mistakenly identify him as Cuban). Dance Mania, possibly Puente's most well known album was released in 1958.[6] Later, he moved into more diverse sounds, including pop music, bossa nova and others, eventually settling down with a fusion of Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz genres that became known as "salsa" (a term that he disliked). In 1979, Puente won the first of five Grammy Awards for the albums A Tribute to Benny Moré, On Broadway, Mambo Diablo, and Goza Mi Timbal. In 1990, Puente was awarded the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal. He was also awarded a Grammy at the first Latin Grammy Awards, winning Best Traditional Tropical Album for Mambo Birdland. In 1995, he appeared as himself on the Simpsons episode "Who Shot Mr. Burns?" In early 2000, he shot the music documentary Calle 54, wearing an all-white outfit with his band.[7] After a show in Puerto Rico on May 31, he suffered a massive heart attack and was flown to New York City for surgery to repair a heart valve, but complications developed and he died during the night of May 31 – June 1, 2000.[8] He was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2003.
Tito Puente's name is often mentioned in a television production called La Epoca, a film about the Palladium era in New York, Afro-Cuban music and rhythms, Mambo and Salsa as dances and music and much more. The film discusses many of Tito Puente's as well as Arsenio Rodriguez's contributions, and features interviews with some of the musicians Puente recorded with such as Alfonso "El Panameno" Joseph, Luis Mangual, Julian Lianos and others.
Puente's youngest son, Tito Puente, Jr., has continued his father's legacy by presenting many of the same songs in his performances and recordings, while daughter Audrey Puente is a television meteorologist for WNYW and WWOR-TV in New York City.
Awards and recognition[link]
File:Puente timbales.JPG
Timbales on display at the Smithsonian
- During the presidency of Sen. Roberto Rexach Benítez, Tito Puente received the unique honor of having both a special session of the Senate of Puerto Rico dedicated to him, and being allowed to perform in his unique style on the floor of the Senate while it was in session.
- On September 10, 2007, a United States Post Office in Spanish Harlem was named after him at a ceremony presided by House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Charles Rangel (D-NY) and Rep. José Serrano (D-NY).
- An amphitheatre was named in his honor at Luis Muñoz Marín Park, next to the Roberto Clemente Coliseum, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- Puente performed at the closing ceremonies at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The timbales he used there are on display at the National Museum of American History in Washington D.C.
- In 1997, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[9]
- In 1990 he received a Star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame. (ref Hollywood Chamber Of Commerce)
- In 1984 he received an honorary Decree from the Los Angeles City Council.
- On June 5, 2005, Puente was honored by Union City, New Jersey with a star on the Walk of Fame at Union City's Celia Cruz Park.[10]
Discography[link]
As leader[link]
- Puente In Percussion (1956)
- Dance Mania (1958)
- El Rey: Bravo (1963)
- El Rey: Tito Puente & His Latin Ensemble (1984)
- Percussion's King (1997)
- Selection of Mambo & Cha Cha Cha (1997)
- 50 Years of Swing (1997)
- Tito Meets Machito: Mambo Kings (1997)
- Cha Cha Cha Rumba Beguine (1998)
- Dance Mania '98: Live at Birdland (1998)
- The Very Best of Tito Puente (1998)
- Timbalero Tropical (1998)
- Yambeque (1998)
- Absolute Best (1999)
- Carnival (1999)
- Colección original (1999)
- Golden Latin Jazz All Stars: In Session (1999)
- Latin Flight (1999)
- Latin Kings (1999)
- Lo mejor de lo mejor (1999)
- Mambo Birdland (1999)
- Special Delivery featuring Maynard Ferguson (1999)
- Rey (2000)
- His Vibes & Orchestra (2000)
- Cha Cha Cha for Lovers (2000)
- Homenaje a Beny Moré. Vol. 3 (2000)
- Dos ídolos. Su música (2000)
- Tito Puente y su Orquesta Mambo (2000)
- The Complete RCA Recordings. Vol. 1 (2000)
- The Best of the Concord Years (2000)
- Por fin (Finally) (2000)
- Party with Puente! (2000)
- Obra maestra (2000)
- Mambo Mambo (2000)
- Mambo King Meets the Queen of Salsa (2000)
- Latin Abstract (2000)
- Kings of Mambo (2000)
- Cha Cha Cha for Lovers (2000)
- The Legends Collection: Tito Puente & Celia Cruz (2001)
- The Complete RCA Recordings, Vol. 2 (2001)
- RCA Recordings (2001)
- Puente caliente (2001)
- The Best of... (2001)
- King of Mambo (2001)
- El Rey: Pa'lante! Straight! (2001)
- Cocktail Hour (2001)
- Selection. King of Mambo (2001)
- Herman Meets Puente (2001)
- Undisputed (2001)
- Fiesta (2002)
- Colección Diamante (2002)
- Tito Puente y Celia Cruz (2002)
- Live at the Playboy Jazz Festival (2002)
- King of Kings: The Very Best of Tito Puente (2002)
- Hot Timbales! (2002)
- Dr. Feelgood (2002)
- Carnaval de éxitos (2002)
- Caravan Mambo (2002)
- We Love Salsa (2006)
As sideman[link]
With Dizzy Gillespie
- Rhythmstick (1990)
Filmography[link]
Selected Feature Films[link]
- Armed and Dangerous (1986)
- Radio Days (1987)
Documentaries[link]
- Tito Puente: The King of Latin Music (2000)[11]
- PROFILES featuring Tito Puente Jr. (2007)
- Latin Knights (2005)
- Calle 54 (2000)[12]
Concert films[link]
Quotation[link]
| “ | We play jazz with the Latin touch, that's all, you know. | ” |
References[link]
- ^ http://www.bookrags.com/biography/tito-puente/
- ^ a b Siegal, Nina (June 6, 2000). "The New York Legacy of Tito Puente". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/06/nyregion/the-new-york-legacy-of-tito-puente.html?src=pm. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
- ^ a b Ginell, Richard S.. "Tito Puente - Biography". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://allmusic.com/artist/tito-puente-p3402/biography. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Obejas, Achy (June 2, 2000). "He Beat The Drum For Latin Music". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-06-02/news/0006020139_1_tito-puente-latin-music-eddie-palmieri. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Awards and Medals from Smithsonian
- ^ Wilds, Tony. Allmusic. "Dance Mania Review".
- ^ Calle 54 Video Commentary
- ^ "Latin musician Tito Puente dies after heart surgery". CNN. June 1, 2000. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/01/tito.puente/index.html. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ Lifetime Honors - National Medal of Arts
- ^ Rosero, Jessica. "'La vida es un carnaval' North Hudson celebrates 6th annual Cuban Day Parade" The Hudson Reporter; May 26, 2006
- ^ Fresh Bread’s work in the entertainment - Tito Puente
- ^ IMDB
- ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 148. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
Further reading[link]
- Steven Loza (1999) Tito Puente and the Making of Latin Music, University of Illinois Press
- Josephine Powell (2007) "Tito Puente:When The Drums Are Dreaming", (Authorhouse 2007)
External links[link]
- Tito Puente at NPR Music
- Tito Puente on the Internet Movie Database
- Tito Puente at Find a Grave
- "Tito Puente: The Complete 78s (1949-1955)" by Ted Giorgia (Jazz.com)
- Tito Puente - King of Latin Music, by Jim Payne and Tito Puente
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Puente, Tito |
| Alternative names | Puente, Sr., Tito; Antonio Puente, Jr., Ernesto |
| Short description | Latin jazz and mambo musician |
| Date of birth | April 20, 1923 |
| Place of birth | New York City |
| Date of death | June 1, 2000 |
| Place of death | New York City |
http://wn.com/Tito_Puente
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Puente
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Tito" redirects here. For other uses, see Tito (disambiguation).
| Marshal Josip Broz Tito |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| 1st President of Yugoslavia | |
| In office 14 January 1953 – 4 May 1980 |
|
| Prime Minister | Himself (1953–1963) Petar Stambolić (1963–1967) Mika Špiljak (1967–1969) Mitja Ribičič (1969–1971) Džemal Bijedić (1971–1977) Veselin Đuranović (1977–1980) |
| Succeeded by | Lazar Koliševski (as President of the Presidency of SFR Yugoslavia) |
| 1st Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement |
|
| In office 1 September 1961 – 5 October 1964 |
|
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| 22nd Prime Minister of Yugoslavia | |
| In office 29 November 1943 – 29 June 1963 |
|
| Monarch | Peter II (1943-1945) |
| President | Ivan Ribar (1945–1953) Himself (1953–1963) |
| Preceded by | Ivan Šubašić |
| Succeeded by | Petar Stambolić |
| 1st Federal Secretary of People's Defence | |
| In office 7 March 1945 – 14 January 1953 |
|
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Ivan Gošnjak |
| 7th Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia | |
| In office November 1936 – 4 May 1980 |
|
| Preceded by | Milan Gorkić |
| Succeeded by | Branko Mikulić |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Josip Broz (1892-05-07)7 May 1892[nb 1] Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary (modern Croatia) |
| Died | 4 May 1980(1980-05-04) (aged 87) Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Resting place | House of Flowers 44°47′12″N 20°27′06″E / 44.78667°N 20.45167°E / 44.78667; 20.45167 |
| Nationality | Yugoslav[1] |
| Political party | League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) |
| Spouse(s) | Pelagija Broz (1919–1939), div. Herta Haas (1940–1943) Jovanka Broz (1952–1980) |
| Domestic partner | Davorjanka Paunović |
| Children | Zlatica Broz, Hinko Broz, Žarko Leon Broz and Aleksandar Broz |
| Occupation | Machinist, revolutionary, resistance commander, statesman |
| Religion | None (Atheist)[2][3] (formerly Roman Catholic)[4] |
| Ethnicity | Croat |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Austria-Hungary Yugoslavia |
| Service/branch | Yugoslav People's Army All (supreme commander) |
| Years of service | 1913–1915 1941–1980 |
| Rank | Marshal of Yugoslavia |
| Commands | Yugoslav Partisans Yugoslav People's Army |
| Battles/wars | World War I Spanish Civil War World War II |
| Awards | 98 international and 21 Yugoslav decorations, including Order of the Yugoslav Star Légion d'honneur.svg){kind=small} Order of the Bath Order of Lenin Order of Merit of Italy(short list below, full list in the article) |
Marshal Josip Broz Tito (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [jɔ̂sip brɔ̂ːz tîtɔ]; born Josip Broz; Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892[nb 1] – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1945 until his death in 1980.[5] While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian,[6][7][8] due to his successful economic and diplomatic policies, Tito was seen by most as a benevolent dictator,[9] and was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad.[10] Viewed as a unifying symbol,[11] his internal policies successfully maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt.[12]
Josip was born as the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz in the village of Kumrovec within Austria-Hungary (modern-day Croatia). Drafted into the army, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army.[13] After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45).[14] After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.
Tito was the chief architect of the "second Yugoslavia", a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he was also the first (and the only successful) Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony. A backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as, although incorrectly, "national communism" or more correctly "Titoism"), he was one of the main founders and promoters of the Non-Aligned Movement, and its first Secretary-General. He supported the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War. Such successful diplomatic and economic policies allowed Tito to preside over the Yugoslav economic boom and expansion of the 1960s and 1970s.[15][16][17] His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of civil wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade and continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics to this day. He remains a controversial figure in the Balkans.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Pre-World War I[link]
Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.[18] His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860–16 December 1936, Zagreb, buried at Mirogoj), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (born Javeršek, 25 March 1864, Loka pri Podsredi–14 January 1918, Kupinec), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak.[19] There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May – Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia.[20] Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911-1912, factory "Titan"), Cenkovo, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler.[21]
In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army.[22] He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb.[23] In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army.[13] For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians.[24]
Prisoner and revolutionary[link]
After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Petropavlovsk fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid out with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova.[25] After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year. In January 1920, he and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September.[26]
Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party.[27] Winning numerous local elections, they even gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. However, after the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921.[28] During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist.[29] In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard.[30] He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was sacked as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail.[31] During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor.[31] After his release, he lived incognito and assumed a number of noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".[32]
In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge.[33] He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern.[34] He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War.[35] In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow.[36] Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY.
World War II leader[link]
People's Liberation War[link]
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Main article: Yugoslav Front
On 6 April 1941, German, Italian and Hungarian forces launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party.[37] Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation.[38] On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action.[39]
Despite conflicts with the rival monarchic Chetnik movement, Tito's Partisans succeeded in liberating territory, notably the "Republic of Užice". During this period, Tito held talks with Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović on 19 September and 27 October 1941.[40] It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito.[41]
On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Koča Popović) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade.[42] In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Bihać on 26–27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943.[43] In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government.[44] Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation.[45]
With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command.[46] This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.[46]
After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference.[47] This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II.[48] The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.[49]
On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors."[50] On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the U.S.S.R. allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia.[51] With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.
Aftermath of World War II[link]
On 7 March 1945, the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito, while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy. This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile, among others Ivan Šubašić. In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile, post-war elections were held to determine the form of government. In November 1945, Tito's pro-republican People's Front, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, won the elections with an overwhelming majority, the vote having been boycotted by monarchists.[52] During the period, Tito evidently enjoyed massive popular support due to being generally viewed by the populace as the liberator of Yugoslavia.[53] The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation, while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance, and the common Yugoslav goal. After the overwhelming electoral victory, Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY. The country was soon renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) (later finally renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRY). On 29 November 1945, King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly. The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards.
Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time.[54] The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.
Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism.[55] Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status[56] and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.
In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. Yugoslav forces shot down American aircraft flying over Yugoslav territory, and relations with the West were strained. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.
President of Yugoslavia[link]
Tito–Stalin split[link]
Main article: Tito–Stalin split
Unlike the other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well, which was opposed by the Western Allies. This led to several armed incidents, notably attacks by Yugoslav fighter planes on US transport aircraft, causing bitter criticism from the west. From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[57] Stalin was opposed to these provocations, as he felt the USSR unready to face the West in open war so soon after the losses of World War II. In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council. In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that
We study and take as an example the Soviet system, but we are developing socialism in our country in somewhat different forms. (...) No matter how much each of us loves the land of socialism, the USSR, he can in no case love his own country less.—Josip Broz Tito[58]
The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. At this point the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier.[59] On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and attempted, unsuccessfully, to assassinate Tito on several occasions. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:
Stop sending people to kill me. We've already captured five of them, one of them with a bomb and another with a rifle (...) If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second.—Josip Broz Tito[60]
However, Tito used the estrangement from the USSR to attain US aid via the Marshall Plan, as well as to involve Yugoslavia in the Non-Aligned Movement, in which he assured a leading position for Yugoslavia. The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM. This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much international recognition, but also triggered a period of instability often referred to as the Informbiro period. Tito's form of communism was labeled "Titoism" by Moscow, which encouraged purges against suspected "Titoites'" throughout the Eastern bloc.
On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of independent socialism that experimented with profit sharing with workers in state-run enterprises. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing.[61] However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:
To say the least – it was a disloyal, non-objective attitude towards our Party and our country. It's a consequence of a terrible delusion that has been blown up to monstrous dimensions in order to destroy the reputation of our Party and its leadership, to erase the glory of the Yugoslav people and their struggle. To trample everything great that our nation achieved with great sacrifice and blood loss – in order to break the unity of our Party, which represents a guarantee for successful development of socialism in our country and for the establishment of happiness of our people.—Josip Broz Tito[citation needed]
Non-aligned Yugoslavia[link]
See also: Non-Aligned Movement
Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.
Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.
On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression.[62] Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country.[63] Tito spoke at the United Nations General Assembly in New York, with his visit being protested by both Croat and Serb emigrants. US Senator Thomas Dodd subsequently said Tito had "bloodied hands." Prior to his visit to California at the invitation of Governor Pat Brown, protesters in San Pedro drowned an effigy of Tito.[64]
In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, spawned by the death of Stepinac in 1960 and the decisions of the Second Vatican Council, was signed according new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to teach the catechism and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković.[65] In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying a granting of freedom of discussion and an abandonment of dictatorship).[citation needed] The state security agency (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.
On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements.[66] In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.[67]
In 1967, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets.[68] In April 1969, Tito sacked generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.[69]
In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia for the sixth time. In his speech in front of the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22 member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.[70]
Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists,[citation needed] had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia.[citation needed] This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred to as masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "mass movement") when the government had to suppress both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party. On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.
Foreign policy[link]
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Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial.
Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide,[62] whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders and heads of state Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu and János Kádár. He also met numerous celebrities.
Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.
Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay.[71] However, one notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown.[72] Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.[73]
Final years and aftermath[link]
See also: Breakup of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav wars
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Tito speaking We have spilt an ocean of blood for brotherhood and unity of our peoples. We shall not allow anyone to touch or destroy it from within.
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After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the United States. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups.[74]
Tito became increasingly ill over the course of 1979. During this time Vila Srna was built for his use near Morović in the event of his recovery.[75] On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre Ljubljana (in Ljubljana, capital and largest city of SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia), with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 3:05 pm, three days short of his 88th birthday. His funeral drew many world statesmen.[76] Based on the number of attending politicians and state delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in history.[77] They included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes, 22 prime ministers and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. They came from both sides of the Cold War, from 128 different countries out of 154 UNO members at the time.[78]
Reporting on his death The New York Times commented
Tito sought to improve life. Unlike others who rose to power on the communist wave after World War II, Tito did not long demand that his people suffer for a distant vision of a better life. After an initial Soviet-influenced bleak period, Tito moved toward radical improvement of life in the country. Yugoslavia gradually became a bright spot amid the general grayness of Eastern Europe.—The New York Times, May 5, 1980[79]
Tito was buried in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called "Museum 25 May" and "Museum of the Revolution"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to "better times". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others.[80] The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia.[81] At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death.
File:Tito Ceremony.jpg
Some 1,000 people gather near a statue of Josip Broz Tito in Sarajevo during a ceremony commemorating the 26th anniversary of his death in 2006.
During his life and especially in the first year after his death, several places were named after Tito. Several of these places have since returned to their original names, such as Podgorica, formerly Titograd, Užice, formerly Titovo Užice (though Podgorica's international airport is still identified by the code TGD), which reverted to its original name in 1992. Streets in Belgrade, the capital, have all reverted back to their original pre–World War II and pre-communist names as well. In 2004, Antun Augustinčić's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion.[82] It was subsequently repaired. Twice in 2008, protests took place in Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square, organized by a group called Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name, while a counter-protest by Citizens' Initiative Against Ustašism (Građanska inicijativa protiv ustaštva) accused the "Circle for the Square" of historical revisionism and neo-fascism.[83] Croatian president Stjepan Mesić criticized the demonstration to change the name.[84] In the Croatian coastal city of Opatija the main street (also its longest street) still bears the name of Marshal Tito, as do streets in numerous towns in Serbia, mostly in the country's north.[85] One of the two main streets in Sarajevo is called Marshal Tito Street.
Family and personal life[link]
Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times. In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia as a prisoner of war. There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia. Polka bore him five children but only their son Žarko Leon[86] (born 4 February,[86] 1924) survived.[87] When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia. After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried.
In 1936, when Tito stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow, he met the Austrian comrade Lucia Bauer. They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased.[88]
His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940.[89] Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename "Zdenka", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka.[90] The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946.[91] Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence.[92]
His best known wife was Jovanka Broz. Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday, while she was 27, when they finally married in April 1952, with state security chief Aleksandar Ranković as the best man. Their eventual marriage came about somewhat unexpectedly since Tito actually rejected her some years earlier when his confidante Ivan Krajacic brought her in originally. At that time, she was in her early 20s and Tito, objecting to her energetic personality, opted for the more mature opera singer Zinka Kunc instead. Not one to be discouraged easily, Jovanka continued working at Beli Dvor, where she managed the staff of servants and eventually got another chance after Tito's strange relationship with Zinka failed. Since Jovanka was the only female companion he married while in power, she also went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady. Their relationship was not a happy one, however. It had gone through many, often public, ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'état by the latter pair. Certain unofficial reports suggest Tito and Jovanka even formally divorced in the late 1970s, shortly before his death. However, during Tito's funeral she was officially present as his wife, and later claimed rights for inheritance. The couple did not have any children.
Tito's notable grandchildren include Aleksandra Broz, a prominent theatre director in Croatia, Svetlana Broz, a cardiologist and writer in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Josip "Joška" Broz, Edvard Broz and Natali Klasevski, an artisan of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
As the leader of Yugoslavia Tito maintained a lavish lifestyle and kept several mansions. In Belgrade he resided in the official palace, Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private residence; he spent much time at his private island of Brijuni, an official residence from 1949 on, and at his palace at the Bled lake. His grounds at Karadjordjevo were the site of "diplomatic hunts". By 1974 Tito had 32 official residences.[93]
As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croat, German, Russian, and some English.[94] A biographer also stated that he spoke "Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ... [and] also speaks Kirghiz."[95]
Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective "Tito's" ("Titov"). The cities were:
|
|
|
Original name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Titov Drvar | Drvar | ||
 Croatia |
Titova Korenica | Korenica | ||
 Macedonia |
Titov Veles | Veles | ||
 Montenegro |
Titograda | Podgorica | ||
 Serbia
|
Titovo Užice
|
Užice | ||
 Slovenia |
Titovo Velenje | Velenje | ||
| athe capital of Montenegro. | ||||
Origin of the name "Tito"[link]
Various explanations exist for the origin of the name Tito. One proposes that Tito comes from the Serbo-Croatian variation of the name of Roman Emperor Titus. Tito's biographer, Vladimir Dedijer, however claimed that it came from the Croatian romantic writer, Tituš Brezovački.[96] Another popular explanation of the sobriquet claims that it is a conjunction of two Serbo-Croatian words, "ti" (meaning "you") and "to" (meaning "that"). As the story goes, during the frantic times of his command, he would issue commands with those two words, by pointing to the person, and then task. This explanation for the name's origin is provided in Fitzroy Maclean's 1949 book, Eastern Approaches.[97] Maclean later revisited and dispelled this explanation in his 1957 biography of Tito, The Heretic. There he states, "I have always liked this story. But I am assured by Tito himself, who I suppose should know, that it is apocryphal."[98]
Another explanation is that "Tito" was simply the last of his Comintern codenames. His previous codename, "Walter", is said to have come from the pistol he carried, a Walther PPK. According to this theory, the codename "Tito" supposedly comes from Tito acquiring a TT-30 pistol (although in Serbo-Croatian "TT" is not pronounced "tito").[citation needed]
Historical criticism[link]
Numerous accusations of culpability in the atrocities after the repatriations at Bleiburg have been raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender.[99] On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.[100]
You are to undertake the most energetic measures to prevent at all costs any killing of prisoners of war and of those arrested by military units, state organs or individuals. If there are persons among the prisoners and arrestees who should answer for war crimes, they are to be handed over immediately to military courts pending due process.—Josip Broz Tito, telegram of 14 May 1945 to the Partisan command in Slovenia[101]
Tito has been named by historians as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nationalities.[102]
On October 4, 2011, the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street after Tito to be unconstitutional. The court ruled that the name Tito symbolizes human rights violations, and that naming a street after him "glorifies a totalitarian regime and violates human dignity".[103][104][105][106]However, it does not consider places named after him in SR Slovenia, as part of SFRJ. The biggest monument of Josip Broz-Tito in the world is located in Slovenia, in Velenje.[107]. One of the main bridges in Slovenia's second largest city of Maribor is Tito’s Bridge [108]. The central main squere in the biggest Slovenian coastal city and the main (and only) Slovenian port of Koper-Capodistria is Tito’s Square[109].There are a number of other places named after Josip Broz-Tito in Slovenia.
Awards and decorations[link]
- Main article: Awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito (full list of awards)
Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the People's Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards being the French Légion d'honneur and Ordre national du Mérite, the British Most Honourable Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Italian Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana.
The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980.[110] Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.[110]
Here follows a short list including some of the more notable awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito.
| Award or decoration | Country | Date | Place | Note | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Order of Leopold (Belgium) |  Belgium |
6 October 1970 | Brussels | One of the three Belgian national honorary knight orders. Highest Order of Belgium. | [110] |
_BAR.svg){kind=small} |
Order of the White Lion (awarded two times) |
 Czechoslovakia |
22 March 1946 26 September 1964 |
Prague Brijuni |
The highest order of Czechoslovakia. | [110] |
 |
Order of the Elephant |  Denmark |
29 October 1974 | Copenhagen | Highest order of Denmark. | [111] |
|
Legion of Honour |  France |
7 May 1956 | Paris | Highest decoration of France, awarded "for extraordinary contributions in the struggle for peace". | [110] |
 |
Ordre national du Mérite | France |
6 December 1976 | Belgrade | Order of Chivalry awarded by the President of the French Republic ("National Order of Merit"). | [110] |
 |
Federal Cross of Merit |  West Germany |
24 June 1974 | Bonn | Highest possible class of the only general state decoration of West Germany (and modern Germany). | [110] |
 |
Order of the Redeemer |  Greece |
2 June 1954 | Athens | Highest royal decoration of Greece. | [110] |
|
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic |  Italy |
2 October 1969 | Belgrade | Highest honour of Italy, foremost Italian order of knighthood, awarded to Josip Broz Tito in Belgrade. | [110] |
 |
Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum |  Japan |
8 April 1968 | Tokyo | Highest Japanese decoration for living persons. | [110] |
 |
Order of the Aztec Eagle |  Mexico |
30 March 1963 | Belgrade | Highest decoration awarded to foreigners in Mexico. | [110] |
 |
Order of the Netherlands Lion |  Netherlands |
20 October 1970 | Amsterdam | Order of the Netherlands founded by the first King of the Netherlands, William I. | [110] |
 |
Grand Cross with Collar of St. Olav |  Norway |
13 May 1965 | Oslo | Highest Norwegian order of chivalry. | [110] |
 |
Order Virtuti Militari |  Poland |
16 March 1946 | Warsaw | Poland's highest military decoration, for courage in the face of the enemy. | [110] |
 |
Order of Polonia Restituta (awarded two times) |
Poland |
25 June 1964 4 May 1973 |
Warsaw Brdo Castle |
One of Poland's highest orders. | [110] |
 |
Order of Saint James of the Sword |  Portugal |
23 October 1975 | Belgrade | Portuguese order of chivalry, founded in 1171. | [110] |
|
Order of Lenina | 22x20px Soviet Union | 5 June 1972 | Moscow | Highest National Order of the Soviet Union (highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union). | [110] |
 |
Order of Victorya | 22x20px Soviet Union | 9 September 1945 | Belgrade | Highest military decoration of the Soviet Union, one of only 5 foreigners to receive it. | [112] |
 |
Royal Order of the Seraphim |  Sweden |
29 February 1959 | Stockholm | Swedish Royal order of chivalry, established by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748. | [110] |
|
Most Honourable Order of the Bath |  United Kingdom |
17 October 1972 | Belgrade | British order of chivalry, awarded in Belgrade by Queen Elizabeth II. | [110] |
|
Order of Yugoslav Great Stara |  Yugoslavia |
1 February 1954 | Belgrade | Highest Yugoslav national order of merit.[113] | [110] |
| Note: aNow defunct. | ||||||
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ a b c Although Tito was born on 7 May, after he became president of Yugoslavia he celebrated his birthday on 25 May to mark the unsuccessful 1944 Nazi attempt on his life. The Germans found forged documents that stated 25 May was Tito's birthday and attacked him on that day. (Vinterhalter 1972, p. 43.)
- Footnotes
- ^ (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002) in Yugoslavia's ruin: the bloody lessons of nationalism, a patriot's warning (p. 58) "Without denying his Croatian and Slovenian roots, he always identified himself as a Yugoslav".
- ^ Nikolaos A. Stavrou (ed.), Mediterranean Security at the Crossroads: a Reader, p.193, Duke University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8223-2459-8
- ^ Vjekoslav Perica, Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States, p.103, Oxford University Press US, 2004 ISBN 0-19-517429-1
- ^ Richard West, Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia, p.211, Carroll & Graff, 1996 ISBN 0-7867-0332-6
"In one of his talks with Church officials, Tito went so far as to speak of himself 'as a Croat and a Catholic', but this comment was cut out of the press reports on the orders of Kardelj". - ^ "Josip Broz Tito". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/597295/Josip-Broz-Tito. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Cohen, Mark F.; Fidler, Jay W. (2002). Group Psychotherapy and Political Reality: A Two-Way Mirror. International Universities Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8236-2228-2.
- ^ Andjelic, Neven (2003). Bosnia-Herzegovina: The End of a Legacy. Frank Cass. p. 36. ISBN 0-7146-5485-X.
- ^ Tierney, Stephen (2000). Accommodating National Identity: New Approaches in International and Domestic Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 90-411-1400-9.
- ^ Shapiro, Susan; Shapiro, Ronald (2004). The Curtain Rises: Oral Histories of the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1672-6. http://books.google.hr/books?id=oCqWFQ1WKlkC&pg=PA180&dq=tito+benevolent+dictator&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eZiVT8u1Io_NswahzJyVBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tito%20benevolent%20dictator&f=false.
"...All Yugoslavs had educational opportunities, jobs, food, and housing regardless of nationality. Tito, seen by most as a benevolent dictator, brought peaceful co-existence to the Balkan region, a region historically synonymous with factionalism." - ^ Melissa Katherine Bokovoy, Jill A. Irvine, Carol S. Lilly, State-society relations in Yugoslavia, 1945–1992; Palgrave Macmillan, 1997 p.36 ISBN 0-312-12690-5
"...Of course, Tito was a popular figure, both in Yugoslavia and outside it." - ^ Martha L. Cottam, Beth Dietz-Uhler, Elena Mastors, Thomas Preston, Introduction to political psychology, Psychology Press, 2009 p.243 ISBN 1-84872-881-6
"...Tito himself became a unifying symbol. He was charismatic and very popular among the citizens of Yugoslavia." - ^ Peter Willetts, The non-aligned movement: the origins of a Third World alliance (1978) p. xiv
- ^ a b Ridley 1994, p. 59.
- ^ Bremmer, Ian (2007). The J Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall. Simon & Schuster. p. 175. ISBN 0-7432-7472-5.
- ^ Lampe, John R.; Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country; Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-521-77401-2
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005; Indiana University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-253-34656-8
- ^ Michel Chossudovsky, International Monetary Fund, World Bank; The globalisation of poverty: impacts of IMF and World Bank reforms; Zed Books, 2006; (University of California) ISBN 1-85649-401-2
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 44.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 49.
- ^ Dedijer 1952, p. 25.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 55.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 58.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 64.
- ^ Frankel, Benjamin (1992). The Cold War, 1945–1991: Leaders and Other Important Figures in the United States and Western Europe. Gale Research. p. 331. ISBN 0-8103-8927-4.
- ^ Auty 1970, p. 36.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 68.
- ^ Tomasevich 1969, p. 7.
- ^ Trbovich, Ana S. (2008). A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration. Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-19-533343-8.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 84.
- ^ Auty 1970, p. 53.
- ^ a b Barnett 2006, pp. 36–39.
- ^ Ramet 2006, p. 151.
- ^ Vinterhalter 1972, p. 147.
- ^ Dedijer 1952, p. 107.
- ^ "Tito and His People". Marxists International Archive. http://www.marxists.org/archive/fast/1944/tito-people/ch04.htm. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
- ^ Banac 1988, p. 64.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 52.
- ^ Antonic 1988, p. 84.
- ^ Roberts 1987, p. 24.
- ^ Kurapovna, Marcia (2009). Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia. John Wiley and Sons. p. 87. ISBN 0-470-08456-1.
- ^ "1941: Mass Murder". The Holocaust Chronicle. http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/231.html. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ Ramet 2006, p. 152–153.
- ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 509.
- ^ Ramet 2006, p. 157.
- ^ "Rebirth In Bosnia". Time Magazine. 19 December 1943. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791223,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ a b Tomasevich 2001, p. 104.
- ^ Tomasevich 1969, p. 121.
- ^ Banac 1988, p. 44.
- ^ Roberts 1987, p. 229.
- ^ Ramet 2006, p. 158.
- ^ Tomasevich 1969, p. 157.
- ^ Brunner, Borgna (1997). 1998 Information Please Almanac. Houghton Mifflin. p. 342. ISBN 0-395-88276-1.
- ^ Nolan, Cathal (2002). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations: S-Z. Greenwood Press. p. 1668. ISBN 0-313-32383-6.
- ^ Leffler, Melvyn P. (2009). The Cambridge History of the Cold War. Cambridge University Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-521-83719-7.
- ^ "Excommunicate's Interview". Time Magazine. 21 October 1946. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,855498,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "The Silent Voice". Time Magazine. 22 February 1966. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,939610,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Air victories of Yugoslav Air Force". Vojska.net. http://www.vojska.net/eng/armed-forces/yugoslavia/airforce/victories/. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
- ^ "The Best Years of Our Lives". Time Magazine. 23 August 1948. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799003-1,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "No Words Left?". Time Magazine. 22 August 1949. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,800593,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Medvedev, Zhores A.; Medvedev, Roy A.; Jeličić, Matej; Škunca, Ivan (2003). The Unknown Stalin. Tauris. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-58567-502-9.
- ^ "Discrimination in a Tomb". Time Magazine. 18 June 1956. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862216,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Socialism of Sorts". Time Magazine. 10 June 1966. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942012,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Lučić, Ivica (2008). "Komunistički progoni Katoličke crkve u Bosni i Hercegovini 1945–1990". National Security and the Future. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=48568. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ "Courteous, Correct & Cold". Time Magazine. 25 October 1963. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830485,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Unmeritorious Pardon". Time Magazine. 16 December 1966. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836660,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Beyond Dictatorship". Time Magazine. 20 January 1967. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843306,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Still a Fever". Time Magazine. 25 August 1967. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,841036,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Back to the Business of Reform". Time Magazine. 16 August 1968. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838544,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Binder, David (16 April 1969). "Tito Orders Quiet Purge of Generals". Dayton Beach Morning Journal.
- ^ "Tito's Daring Experiment". Time Magazine. 9 August 1971. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,903055-1,00.html. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Paraguay: A Country Study: Foreign Relations". http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+py0106). Retrieved 11 April 2009. "Foreign policy under Stroessner was based on two major principles: nonintervention in the affairs of other countries and no relations with countries under Marxist governments. The only exception to the second principle was Yugoslavia."
- ^ Valenzuela, Julio Samuel; Valenzuela, Arturo (1986). Military Rule in Chile: Dictatorship and Oppositions. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 316.
- ^ "REORGANIZACION DE LOS ACTORES DEL ENFRENTAMIENTO (1971–1978)". Shr.aaas.org. http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/mds/spanish/cap1/reorg.html#Ref198. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
- ^ "Carter Gives Tito Festive Welcome". Associated Press. 7 March 1978.
- ^ "Raj u koji Broz nije stigao". Blic. 2 May 2010. http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Reportaza/187450/Raj-u-koji-Broz-nije-stigao. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Jimmy Carter (4 May 1980). "Josip Broz Tito Statement on the Death of the President of Yugoslavia". http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33364. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ Vidmar, Josip; Rajko Bobot, Miodrag Vartabedijan, Branibor Debeljaković, Živojin Janković, Ksenija Dolinar (1981). Josip Broz Tito – Ilustrirani življenjepis. Jugoslovenska revija. p. 166.
- ^ Ridley, Jasper (1996). Tito: A Biography. Constable. p. 19. ISBN 0-09-475610-4.
- ^ Anderson, Raymond H. (5 May 1980). "Giant Among Communists Governed Like a Monarch". The New York Times. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/tito-obit.pdf.
- ^ "Hallan un grabado de Goya en la casa de Tito y Milosevic en Belgrado". Terra. 28 November 2008. http://actualidad.terra.es/cultura/articulo/hallan-goya-tito-milosevic-belgrado-2920598.htm. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ "Status Muzeja istorije Jugoslavije". B92. 23 April 2007. http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2007&mm=04&dd=23&nav_id=243409. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ "Bomb Topples Tito Statue". New York Times. 28 December 2004. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E3DE1639F93BA15751C1A9629C8B63. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ "Spremni smo braniti antifašističke vrijednosti RH". Dalje. 13 December 2008. http://dalje.com/hr-zagreb/spremni-smo-braniti-antifasisticke-vrijednosti-rh/214432. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ "Thousands of Croats demand Tito Square be renamed". SETimes. 11 February 2008. http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/newsbriefs/setimes/newsbriefs/2008/02/11/nb-10. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- ^ Online map of Serbia (search string: Maršala Tita)
- ^ a b Koprivica-Oštrić, Stanislava (1978). Tito u Bjelovaru. Koordinacioni odbor za njegovanje revolucionarnih tradicija. p. 76.
- ^ Barnett 2006, p. 39.
- ^ Barnett 2006, p. 44.
- ^ "Tito's ex wife Hertha Hass dies". Monsters and Critics. 9 March 2010. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1539668.php/Tito-s-ex-wife-Hertha-Hass-dies. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
- ^ "Titova udovica daleko od očiju javnosti". Blic. 28 December 2008. http://www.blic.rs/drustvo.php?id=72155. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
- ^ "U 96. godini umrla bivša Titova supruga Herta Haas". Večernji list. 9 March 2010. http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/u-96-godini-umrla-bivsa-titova-supruga-herta-haas-clanak-108015. Retrieved 29 Aril 2010.
- ^ Borneman 2004, p. 160.
- ^ Barnett 2006, p. 138.
- ^ Socialist Thought and Practice 11–12.
- ^ Dedijer 1953, p. 413.
- ^ Dedijer 1952, p. 83.
- ^ MacLean, Fitzroy (1949). Eastern Approaches. J. Cape. p. 331.
- ^ MacLean, Fitzroy (1957). The Heretic: The Life and Times of Josip Broz-Tito. Harper. p. 74.
- ^ Dizdar, Zdravko; An Addition to the Research of the Problem of Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; Matić, Davorka (2007). Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education, and Media. Texas A&M University Press. p. 274. ISBN 1-58544-587-8.
- ^ Ivo Goldstein: Josip Broz Tito - između skrupuloznoga historiografskog istraživanja i političke manipulacije, from Dijalog povjesničara - istoričara, Zagreb, 2005
- ^ John R. Schindler: Yugoslavia’s First Ethnic Cleansing: The Expulsion of the Danubian Germans, 1944-1946,pp 221-229, Steven Bela Vardy and T. Hunt Tooley, eds. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe ISBN 0-88033-995-0.
- ^ Text of the decision U-I-109/10 of the Constitutional Court of Slovenia, issued on 3 October 2011, in Slovenian language: http://odlocitve.us-rs.si/usrs/us-odl.nsf/o/AB6C747BE8DF7AF3C125791F00404CF9
- ^ Naming Street After Tito Unconstitutional. Slovenia Times, 5 October 2011 http://www.sloveniatimes.com/naming-street-after-tito-unconstitutional
- ^ Slovenian Press Agency. Court Says Naming Street After Tito Unconstitutional. Oct 5, 2011. http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1681537
- ^ Stabroek (By Reuters): Court in Slovenia bans Tito road name. Oct 5, 2011. http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/news/world/10/05/court-in-slovenia-bans-tito-road-name/
- ^ http://www.velenje-tourism.si/en/307
- ^ http://maribor-pohorje.si/tito-s-bridge.aspx
- ^ http://www.pano.si/2011/04/tito-square-smile-in-koper.html
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Badurina, Berislav; Saračević, Sead; Grobenski, Valent; Eterović, Ivo; Tudor, Mladen (1980). Bilo je časno živjeti s Titom. Vjesnik. p. 102.
- ^ Recipients of Order of the Elephant[dead link]
- ^ List of Order of Victory recipients[dead link]
- ^ Orders and Decorations of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 1945–90 by Lukasz Gaszewski 2000, 2003
- Bibliography
- Antonić, Ivan; Jeličić, Matej; Škunca, Ivan (1988). Stvaranje Titove Jugoslavije. Otokar Keršovani.
- Auty, Phyllis (1970). Tito: A Biography. McGraw-Hill.
- Banac, Ivo (1988). With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist splits in Yugoslav Communism. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2186-1.
- Barnett, Neil (2006). Tito. Haus. ISBN 1-904950-31-0.
- Borneman, John (2004). Death of the Father: An Anthropology of End in Political Authority. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-111-7.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1952). Tito. Simon and Schuster.
- Dedijer, Vladimir (1953). Tito Speaks: His Self Portrait and Struggle with Stalin. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- Lees, Lorraine M. (2006). Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-253-34656-8.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator; A Reassessment, London, Hurst, 1992.
- Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2004. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-271-01629-9.
- Ridley, Jasper (1996). Tito: A Biography. Constable. ISBN 0-09-475610-4.
- Roberts, Walter R. (1987). Tito, Mihailovic and the Allies, 1941–1945. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-0773-1.
- Swain, Geoffrey. Tito: A Biography. London, I.B. Tauris, 2010.
- Tomasevich, Jozo; Vucinich, Wayne S. (1969). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment. University of California Press.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0857-6.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0857-6.
- Vinterhalter, Vilko (1972). In the Path of Tito. Abacus Press.
Further reading[link]
- Beloff, Nora (1986). Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West Since 1939. Westview Pr. ISBN 0-8133-0322-2.
- Carter, April (1989). Marshal Tito: A Bibliography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28087-8.
- Đilas, Milovan (2001). Tito: The Story from Inside. Phoenix Press. ISBN 1-84212-047-6.
- MacLean, Fitzroy (1980). Tito: A Pictorial Biography. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-044671-7.
- Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1992). Tito: Yugoslavia's Great Dictator, A Reassessment. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0601-8.
- Vukcevich, Boško S. (1994). Tito: Architect of Yugoslav Disintegration. Rivercross Publishing. ISBN 0-944957-46-3.
- West, Richard (1996). Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia. Basic Books. ISBN 0-7867-0332-6.
- Batty, Peter - Hoodwinking Churchill: Tito's Great Confidence Trick 2011 ISBN 978-0-85683-282-6
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Josip Broz Tito |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Josip Broz Tito |
- Josip Broz Tito Reference Archive at the Marxists Internet Archive
- Unseen pictures from US Archives
- Sign the first virtual memorial of Marshal Tito
- Tito's Children – Part One
- Tito's Children – Part Two
- Tito's Children – Part Three
- Tito's Children – Part Four
- Tito's Children – Part Five
- A film clip Aviation In The News, 1944/06/22 (1944) is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
- Tito Birthhouse Museum
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ivan Šubašić as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
President of the Federal Executive Council¹ 1943–1963 |
Succeeded by Petar Stambolić |
| New office | Federal Secretary of People's Defence 1943–1953 |
Succeeded by Ivan Gošnjak |
| Preceded by Ivan Ribar as President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly |
President of Yugoslavia 1953–1980² |
Succeeded by Lazar Koliševski as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| New office | Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement 1961–1964 |
Succeeded by Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Military offices | ||
| New office | Marshal of Yugoslavia 1943–1980 |
Abolished |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Milan Gorkić |
President of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia 1936–1980 |
Succeeded by Branko Mikulić |
| Notes and references | ||
| 1. i.e. Prime Minister of Yugoslavia 2. President for Life from 22 January 1974, died in office |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tito, Josip Broz |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Yugoslav president |
| Date of birth | 7 May 1892 |
| Place of birth | Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary |
| Date of death | 4 May 1980 |
| Place of death | Ljubljana, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia |
http://wn.com/Josip_Broz_Tito
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://cs.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://id.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://es.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://ru.wn.com/Броз Тито, Иосип
http://pl.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://fr.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://de.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
http://hi.wn.com/जोसिप बरोज़ टिटो
http://pt.wn.com/Josip Broz Tito
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
|
Charlie Palmieri (November 21, 1927 – September 12, 1988) was a renowned Bandleader and musical director of salsa music. He was known as "The Giant of the Keyboards".
Early years[link]
Palmieri's parents migrated to New York from Ponce, Puerto Rico in 1926 and settled down in the South Bronx where Palmieri (birth name: Carlos Manuel Palmieri) was born. As a child Palmieri taught himself to play the piano by ear. He went to school in the public school system. At age 7 his father enrolled him at The Juilliard School, where he took piano lessons. By the time Palmieri was 14 years old, he participated in many talent contests where they won many prizes with his 5 year old brother, Eddie. It was at this time that his godfather introduced him to the music of the Latin bands - an experience which inspired him to become a musician.[1]
In 1943, when still only 16 years old and still in High School, he made his professional debut as a piano player for the Osario Selasie Band. He graduated from High School in 1946, and immediately went to play for various bands. He made his recording debut with the song "Se Va La Rumba" as a member of the Rafael Muñiz Band.[2]
Musical career[link]
In October 1947, Tito Puente, the musical director of the Fernando Alvarez Band, was impressed with Palmieri and hired him to play for his band at the Copacabana Club; here he played with Tito until 1953 and during the 1950s he played with various bands. Besides having played with Tito Puente, he played with Pupi Campo's Band and worked on Jack Paar's CBS daytime television show. Palmieri also formed a couple of bands which performed at the Palladium Ballroom - these were however short-lived because of a lack of work. During this time, he also worked as an accompanist for other bands.[3]
Palmieri worked for several years in Chicago, but returned to New York and formed a band called "Charanga La Duboney". While performing at the Monte Carlo Ballroom, Palmieri heard a young man by the name of Johnny Pacheco playing the flute - the playing so impressed him that he hired him on the spot. The mixture of Pacheco's flute with the strings of the violins in Palmieri's band led to the 1960s Charanga craze in the United States. Palmieri was signed by the United Artists Record company and had several Latino hits. Palmieri did however suffer various setbacks - first Pacheco left the band and then United Artists cancelled his contract because of a conflict of interest with their other recording star, Tito Rodriguez. This led to Palmeiri's signing with the Alegre Records label and with whom he had two best selling "hits" with "Como Bailan La Pachanga" and "La Pachanga Se Baila Asi".[3]
When the Charanga craze declined in popularity, Palmieri switched to the new trend, the Boogaloo, by replacing the flute and violins with three trumpets and two trombones, he also dropped the word "Charanga" from his bands name and it became renowned simply as "La Duboney".[1] In 1965, he scored a hit with "Tengo Maquina y Voy a 60" (Going like 60) and in 1967 with "Hay Que Estar En Algo/Either You Have It or You Don't". In 1968, Palmieri recorded "Latin Bugalu" under the Atlantic Records label, which was also released in the United Kingdom.[3]
In the 1970s, Palmieri worked as the musical director for Tito Puente's television show "El Mundo de Tito Puente" (Tito Puente's World). He also taught and lectured about Latin music and culture at various educational institutions. After reorganizing his band, Palmieri played the organ and recorded "La Hija de Lola" (Lola's daughter) and "La Vecina" (The neighbor). In 1971, he provided his organ playing talents to some of his brother's recordings.[2] In 1978, he added the Melodica to his recording The Heavyweight, an LP recorded for Alegre Records that also featured Bobby Rodríguez on bass, Quique Davlia on timables, Papiro Allende on congas, Willie Rodríguez on bongoes, Roy Román y Lou Laurita on trumpets, Bobby Nelson on sax, Marco Katz on trombone, Harry Viggiano on tres, and the vocalists Meñique, Julito Villot, and Adalberto Santiago.[4][5]
Among the artists which Palmieri worked with at one time or another were his brother Eddie, Celia Cruz, Tito Puente, Herbie Mann, Ismael Rivera, Rafael Cortijo, Ismael Quintana, Bobby Capo, Mongo Santamaría and Ray Barretto.
Later years[link]
In 1980, Palmieri moved back to Puerto Rico but, returned to New York for business - on one trip there he suffered a massive heart attack and stroke. He soon recovered and returned to the music world as the member of various bands. On June 1988, he debuted in the United Kingdom accompanied by London's Robin "King Salsa" Jones.[2]
Palmieri gave private piano lessons to students at the Schuylerville Music Center in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx in New York. During this time he also appeared in the 1988 movie Salsa.[1]
On September 12, 1988, Charlie Palmieri suffered another heart attack upon his arrival at New York where as the musical director of the Joe Cuba Sextet he was to arrange a concert. He died later that day at the Jacobi Hospital in the Bronx.[2]
[edit] Tributes
 External audio |
|
|---|---|
 |
You may listen to Charlie Palmieri's " Louie's Boogaloo" here |
On November 6, 2004, a Big Band Tribute to Charlie Palmieri was held at the Avery Fisher Hall at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. The Harbor Conservatory for the Performing Arts hosts an annual competition for the Charlie Palmieri Memorial Piano Scholarship. The winner of the competition receives a scholarship to study Latin piano music at the Conservatory. The scholarship was started by Palmieri's lifetime friend, the late Tito Puente.[6]
Discography[link]
- Easy Does It
- El Gigante (aka Ravel's Bolero in Mambo)
- Cuban Rhythms
- Charanga (1959)
- Pachanga at the Caravana Club (1960) Performed at the Bronx Opera House
- Viva Palmieri (1961)
- Salsa Na' Ma' (1962)
- Salsa y Charanga
- Tengo Maquina y Voy a 60 (1965)
- Either You Have It Or You Don't (1966)
- Latin Bugalu (1968)
- Adelante Gigante (1973)
- El Gigante del Teclado (1974)
- Vuelve el Gigante (1975)
- The Heavyweight (1976)
- Con Salsa y Sabor (1977)
- Electroduro
- Impulsos
- A Giant Step
- Mambo Show
- Alegre All Stars Vol 1 (1961)
- Alegre All Stars Vol 2 - El Manicero (1964)
- Alegre All Stars Vol 3 - Lost and Found (1965)
- Alegre All Stars Vol 4 - Way Out (1966)
- Alegre All Stars Vol 5 - They Don't Make 'Em Like Us Anymore (1976)
- Alegre All Stars Vol 6 - Perdido/Te Invita (1977) (2008)
- Cesta All Stars Vol 1 - (1975)
- Cesta All Stars Vol 2 - (1976)
- Latin Mann - 1965 (accompanied Herbie Mann) - Columbia Records
- Primo - 1972 (accompanied Cal Tjader) - Fantasy Records
- La Cuna - 1982 (accompanied Ray Barretto)
See also[link]
References[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Palmieri, Charlie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Puerto Rican musician |
| Date of birth | November 21, 1927 |
| Place of birth | Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Date of death | September 12, 1988 |
| Place of death | New York, New York, USA |
http://wn.com/Charlie_Palmieri
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Палмьери, Чарли
http://fr.wn.com/Charlie Palmieri
http://de.wn.com/Charlie Palmieri
http://es.wn.com/Charlie Palmieri
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Palmieri
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2008) |
| Sheila E. | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Sheila Escovedo |
| Born | (1957-12-12) 12 December 1957 (age 54) |
| Origin | Oakland, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, funk, R&B, Latin jazz, jazz fusion, Rock |
| Occupations | Drummer, singer, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, percussion |
| Years active | 1976–present |
| Labels | Warner Bros., Paisley Park, Concord |
| Associated acts | Prince, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, George Duke |
Sheila Escovedo (born December 12, 1957), known by her stage name Sheila E., is an American drummer and percussionist, perhaps best known for her work with Prince, George Duke and Ringo Starr.
Contents |
Sheila's Biography[link]
Early life and Prince period[link]
Born in California, Sheila E. is the daughter of percussionist Pete Escovedo, with whom she frequently performs. Sheila E's uncle is Alejandro Escovedo. Tito Puente was Escovedo's godfather. She is also niece to Javier Escovedo, founder of seminal San Diego punk act, The Zeros. Another uncle, Mario Escovedo, fronted long-running indie rockers, The Dragons. Escovedo is of Mexican and Louisiana Creole (black, french & native american) heritage. Coke Escovedo, who was in Santana and formed the band Azteca, was also her uncle. Nicole Richie is Sheila E.'s biological niece.[1]
She made her recording debut with jazz bassist Alphonso Johnson on "Yesterday's Dream" in 1976. By her early twenties she had already played with George Duke, Lionel Richie, Marvin Gaye, Herbie Hancock, and Diana Ross. She also plays tuba and guitar.
Prince met Sheila E. at a concert in 1978, when she was performing with her father. After the show, he met her and told her that he and his bassist "were just fighting about which one of us would be the first to be your husband". He also prophetically vowed that one day she would join his band. The two would eventually join forces during the Purple Rain recording sessions. She provided vocals on the B-side to "Let's Go Crazy", "Erotic City" in 1984. Though taken under Prince's wing, she proved to be a successful artist in her own right. In 1984 she scored hits with "The Glamorous Life" (#7 on the Hot 100), and "The Belle of St. Mark" (#34), the latter an NME 'Single of the Week'.[2] She opened for the Purple Rain tour and there was a segment where she would have a man called up on stage and seated in a chair while she sang "Next Time Wipe The Lipstick Off Your Collar" and teased him (similarly mirrored by Janet Jackson during the "Rope Burn" segment of her Velvet Rope Tour in 1998/99.) Around the same time, the collaborating duo began a brief romantic relationship, while Prince was still seeing Susannah Melvoin, twin sister of The Revolution band member, Wendy Melvoin.[3]
In 1985, she released Romance 1600, scored another hit with the track "A Love Bizarre" (#11), and the non-album track "Holly Rock" made its way to live shows and into the film Krush Groove. She was also nominated for an American Music Award and a Grammy for "The Glamorous Life". Sheila E. recorded three albums during the '80s, The Glamorous Life, Romance 1600, and Sheila E.. She appeared in four films, Krush Groove with Run-D.M.C., LL Cool J and Blair Underwood in 1985, Prince's concert film, Sign 'O' the Times in 1987, The Adventures of Ford Fairlane and Chasing Papi in 2003.
During the Sign o' the Times, Black Album, and Lovesexy periods of Prince's career (including the Lovesexy World Tour), Sheila E. served as his drummer and musical director in his backup band, dubbed The New Power Generation not long after her departure. During the Sign o' the Times era, she released the single "Koo Koo" from her 3rd album Sheila E., which had Sign o' the Times member Cat as a backup dancer in the accompanying video. Sheila E. also served as a writer and musician on many of Prince's records, as well as on the albums of his protégés such as Madhouse.
Post-Prince and other collaborations[link]
After leaving the Prince organization in 1989, Sheila E. recorded a few more albums, Sex Cymbal, Writes of Passage, and Heaven. However, the albums garnered little attention. This was especially true in the case of Sex Cymbal, since Sheila E. developed severe health issues that prevented her from touring in order to promote it.
In 1996 she played in Japanese pop singer Namie Amuro's live backup band. The show at Chiba Marine Stadium was later made available on DVD. In 1998 she played percussion on the Phil Collins cover of "True Colors." In 2002 Sheila E. appeared on the Beyoncé Knowles song "Work It Out."
Sheila E. has performed three stints as one of the member "All-Starrs" of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, in 2001, 2003, and 2006. Her drum "duets" with Starr are a moment of comic relief in the show, where they play the same parts but he quickly falls behind, shrugs and smiles as she takes off on an extended percussion solo. Says Sheila E.: "Ringo truly is one of the greatest rock n' roll drummers in the history of music. He enjoys the joke!"
She was also the leader of the house band on the short-lived late night talk show, The Magic Hour, hosted by Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. in the late 1990s.
In 2004, Sheila E. toured New Zealand as drummer and percussionist for the Abe Laboriel Band.
In 2004, Sheila E. was also featured on Tonex's Gold Album OUT THE BOX on the song "Todos Juntos". She also play drums on Cyndi Lauper's hit album of standard covers, At Last. She played percussion on the song "Stay". Sheila E. joined Lauper on a live version of that song on VH1 Divas.
In 2005, Sheila E. was a surprise guest orchestrating a band, in Amerie's "1 Thing" performances for The Lady Of Soul & World Music Awards.
In February 2006, Sheila E. performed with Prince (and Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman) once again at the BRIT Awards.
Sheila E. performed at the Sonoma Jazz Festival in 2006 as part of Herbie Hancock's band featuring Larry Carlton, Terrence Blanchard, Marcus Miller, and Terri Lyne Carrington.
She also performed at Prince's One Nite Alone... Live! concert, Live at the Aladdin Las Vegas in 2003, 36th NAACP Image Awards in 2005, and on the Good Morning show in June 2006.
In March 2007, she went on a small tour through Europe with her new band project called C.O.E.D. (Chronicles of Every Diva). C.O.E.D. consists of Sheila E., Kat Dyson, Rhonda Smith and Cassandra O'Neal. For several concerts she was joined by Candy Dulfer, who was billed as a special guest.
She performed at the 2007 Latin Grammy Awards with Juan Luis Guerra. She also performed at the ALMA (American Latin Music Awards) Awards in June 2007 with Prince, and on 7 July 2007 in Minneapolis with Prince. She performed at all three of his concerts: first, at Prince's 3121 perfume launch at Macy's, followed by the Target Center concert, and finally, at an aftershow at First Avenue.
In October 2007, Sheila E. was a judge alongside Australian Idol judge and marketing manager Ian "Dicko" Dickson and Goo Goo Dolls lead singer John Rzeznik on the Fox network's The Next Great American Band.
Sheila E. recently met with Prince on 29 March 2008, who sat in on (and played keyboard) on Sheila E.'s performance with her family at Harvelle Redondo Beach.
On 9 April 2008, Sheila E. appeared on the Emmy winning program, Idol Gives Back. Shelia E. took part in the show opener "Get on Your Feet" with Gloria Estefan. Dance troupe, So You Think You Can Dance finalists joined them on stage.
On 26 April 2008, Sheila E., along with Morris Day and Jerome Benton, performed with Prince at the Coachella Music Festival.
From 2 to 6 May 2008, Sheila E. played four sold-out shows at Blue Note Tokyo in Japan. This is the most frequented jazz music club in Tokyo.
On 14 June 2008, Sheila E. performed at the Rhythm on the Vine music and wine festival at the South Coast Winery in Temecula, California for Shriners Hospital for Children. She took the stage with the E Family, Pete Escovedo, Juan Escovedo and Peter Michael Escovedo. Other performers at the event were jazz musician Herbie Hancock, contemporary music artist Jim Brickman and Kirk Whalum.[4]
In February 2009, she was made an honorary member of Tau Beta Sigma National Honorary Band Sorority by the Eta Delta Chapter located at Howard University in recognition of her humanitarian efforts through and in music.
On 30 May 2009, Sheila E. and the E Family Band will once again take the stage to perform at Rhythm on the Vine at Gainey Vineyard in Santa Ynez, California for the Hot Latin Beats concert. Also to perform at the concert is Poncho Sanchez.[5]
On 13 December 2009, Sheila E. performed at the Deryck Walcott produced Christmas Jazz held at the Plantation Restaurant in Barbados.
Sheila E. is the business partner of singer and former member of The Brides of Funkenstein, Lynn Mabry. They formed a foundation for abused children called the Elevate Hope Foundation. [1]
Sheila E. has collaborated many times with other artists, notably with Gloria Estefan for whom she played the timbales. Sheila E. first collaborated with Estefan on Estefan's first Spanish language studio album Mi Tierra in 1993, and in 2007 with Estefan's smash hit "No Llores" in which Estefan also collaborates with Carlos Santana and José Feliciano. She also is one fourth of the band C.O.E.D. (Chronicles of Every Diva), who as of 2008 are touring overseas and released a CD available in limited distribution or through her website.
In 2009, Sheila E. won the CMT reality show, Gone Country. This gave her an opportunity to make country music aided by the country producer, writer, and singer John Rich. Sheila E.'s first song in the country market was "Glorious Train". A video for the song debuted on CMT on 7 March 2009, following the airing of the episode of Gone Country in which Sheila E. was announced the winner.
Sheila E. performed at Yoshi's in San Francisco on 15 August 2010 and she released an EP From E 2 U. It includes a song "Leader of the Band" written by Prince and it features Prince on piano.[6] She toured on his 20Ten Tour and Welcome 2 America tours.[7][8]
In 2010, Sheila E joined forces with Avon as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices,[9] Avon’s first ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women.
On 25 May 2011, she performed alongside Marc Anthony in the American Idol Season 10 finale.
On 7 June 2011, she performed on The Late Show with David Letterman as a part of the show's first "Drum Solo Week".
On 26 February 2012, she performed at the Academy Awards, playing the into and out of commercial segments.
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Year | Album details | Peak chart positions |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| US | US R&B | ||
| 1984 | The Glamorous Life
|
28 | 7 |
| 1985 | Romance 1600
|
50 | 12 |
| 1987 | Sheila E.
|
56 | 24 |
| 1991 | Sex Cymbal
|
146 | 56 |
| 2000 | Writes of Passage
|
— | — |
| 2001 | Heaven
|
— | — |
| 2012 | TBA
|
||
colspan="10" style="font-size:8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US R&B |
US Dance | UK[10] | AT[11] | IR[12] | NL[13] | NZ[14] | CH[15] | |||
| 1984 | "The Glamorous Life" | 7 | 9 | 1 | 96 | — | — | 3 | — | — | The Glamorous Life |
| "The Belle of St. Mark" | 34 | 68 | — | 18 | — | 15 | 8 | 5 | — | ||
| "Oliver's House" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1985 | "A Love Bizarre" | 11 | 2 | 1 | 76 | 14 | — | 9 | — | 16 | Romance 1600 |
| "Sister Fate" | 102 | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1986 | "Holly Rock" | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | — | — | Krush Groove (soundtrack) |
| "Love On a Blue Train" (Japan) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sheila E. | |
| 1987 | "Hold Me" | 68 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 54 | — | — | |
| "Koo Koo" | — | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1991 | "Sex Cymbal" | — | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sex Cymbal |
| "Droppin' Like Flies" | — | 77 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1992 | "Cry Baby" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 2009 | "Glorious Train" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album song |
See also[link]
- List of number-one dance hits (United States)
- List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart
References[link]
- ^ Belushi Will Finally Get Hollywood Star
- ^ Parsons, Tony (1978) "Single of the Week", NME, 2 February 1985, p. 14
- ^ Alex Hahn (2003). "Possessed: The Rise And Fall Of Prince". Billboard Books.
- ^ Shriners Hospitals for Children, "About Rhythm on the Vine," Rhythm on the Vine, 2008.
- ^ Shriners Hospitals for Children, "Hot Latin Beat", Rhythm on the Vine, 2009.
- ^ "Single: From E 2 U". Prince Vault. http://www.princevault.com/index.php/Single:_From_E_2_U. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
- ^ "Sheila E. Is Out For Rest Of Prince Tour". Drfunkenberry.com. 2010-10-25. http://www.drfunkenberry.com/2010/10/25/sheila-e-is-out-for-rest-of-prince-tour/. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
- ^ "Audio & Video Of Prince’s "Welcome 2 America" Press Confusion…Er Conference". Drfunkenberry.com. 2010-10-14. http://www.drfunkenberry.com/2010/10/14/audio-of-princes-welcome-2-america-press-conference-confusion/. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
- ^ "Welcome to Avon Voices". Avonvoices.com. http://www.avonvoices.com. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
- ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 175. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ MegaCharts (1 May 1986). "Austrian Singles Chart". Austrian Charts. http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Sheila+E.&titel=A+Love+Bizarre&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
- ^ Irish Recorded Music Associationa. "The Irish Charts". IRMA accessdate=2010-07-18. http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement.
- ^ MegaCharts (3 November 1990). "Dutch Singles Chart". Dutch Charts. http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Sheila+E.&titel=The+Belle+Of+St.+Mark&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
- ^ MegaCharts (7 April 1990). "New Zealand Singles Chart". New Zealand Charts. http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Sheila+E.&titel=The+Belle+Of+St.+Mark&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
- ^ MegaCharts (27 April 1986). "Swiss Singles Chart". Swiss Charts. http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?interpret=Sheila+E.&titel=A+Love+Bizarre&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | E., Sheila |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 12 December 1957 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sheila_E.
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Sheila E.
http://nl.wn.com/Sheila E.
http://de.wn.com/Sheila E.
http://it.wn.com/Sheila E.
http://pl.wn.com/Sheila E.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_E.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the jazz musician. For the Australian cricketer nicknamed "Dizzy", see Jason Gillespie.
| Dizzy Gillespie | |
|---|---|
 Gillespie in concert, Deauville, Normandy, France |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Birks Gillespie |
| Born | (1917-10-21)October 21, 1917 Cheraw, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | January 6, 1993(1993-01-06) (aged 75) Englewood, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Genres | Bebop Afro-Cuban jazz |
| Occupations | Trumpeter, bandleader, singer, composer |
| Instruments | Trumpet, piano, trombone |
| Years active | 1935–1993 |
| Labels | Pablo Records, Verve Records, Savoy Records, RCA Victor Records, Milan Records, Douglas Records |
| Associated acts | Charlie Parker Cab Calloway Bud Powell |
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (
/ɡɨˈlɛspi/; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer and, occasionally, singer.[1]
Allmusic's Scott Yanow wrote, "Dizzy Gillespie's contributions to jazz were huge. One of the greatest jazz trumpeters of all time (some would say the best), Gillespie was such a complex player that his contemporaries ended up copying Miles Davis and Fats Navarro instead, and it was not until Jon Faddis's emergence in the 1970s that Dizzy's style was successfully recreated . . . Arguably Gillespie is remembered, by both critics and fans alike, as one of the greatest jazz trumpeters of all time."[2]
Gillespie was a trumpet virtuoso and improviser, building on the virtuoso style of Roy Eldridge[3] but adding layers of harmonic complexity previously unknown in jazz. His beret and horn-rimmed spectacles, his scat singing, his bent horn, pouched cheeks and his light-hearted personality were essential in popularizing bebop.
In the 1940s Gillespie, together with Charlie Parker, became a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz.[4] He taught and influenced many other musicians, including trumpeters Miles Davis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Arturo Sandoval, Lee Morgan, Jon Faddis[5] and Chuck Mangione.[6]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life and career[link]
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Gillespie was born in Cheraw, South Carolina, the youngest of nine children of James and Lottie Gillespie. James was a local bandleader, so instruments were made available to Dizzy. He started to play the piano at the age of four. Dizzy's father died when the boy was only ten years old. Dizzy taught himself how to play the trombone as well as the trumpet by the age of twelve. From the night he heard his idol, Roy Eldridge, play on the radio, he dreamed of becoming a jazz musician.[7] He received a music scholarship to the Laurinburg Institute in Laurinburg, North Carolina, which he attended for two years before accompanying his family when they moved to Philadelphia.[8]
Dizzy's first professional job was with the Frank Fairfax Orchestra in 1935, after which he joined the respective orchestras of Edgar Hayes and Teddy Hill, essentially replacing Roy Eldridge as first trumpet in 1937. Teddy Hill’s band was where Dizzy Gillespie made his first recording, King Porter Stomp. At this time, Dizzy met a young woman named Lorraine from the Apollo Theatre, whom he married in 1940. They remained married until his death in 1993. Dizzy stayed with Teddy Hill’s band for a year, then left and free-lanced with numerous other bands.[5] In 1939, Dizzy joined Cab Calloway's orchestra, with which he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental Pickin' the Cabbage, in 1940. (Originally released on Paradiddle, a 78rpm backed with a co-composition with Cozy Cole, Calloway's drummer at the time, on the Vocalion label, #5467).
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Dizzy was fired by Calloway in late 1941, after a notorious altercation between the two. The incident is recounted by Dizzy, along with fellow Calloway band members Milt Hinton and Jonah Jones, in Jean Bach's 1997 film, The Spitball Story. Calloway did not approve of Dizzy's mischievous humor, nor of his adventuresome approach to soloing; according to Jones, Calloway referred to it as “Chinese music.” During one performance, Calloway saw a spitball land on the stage, and accused Dizzy of having thrown it. Dizzy denied it, and the ensuing argument led to Calloway striking Dizzy, who then pulled out a switchblade knife and charged Calloway. The two were separated by other band members, during which scuffle Calloway was cut on the hand.
During his time in Calloway's band, Dizzy Gillespie started writing big band music for bandleaders like Woody Herman and Jimmy Dorsey.[5] He then freelanced with a few bands - most notably Ella Fitzgerald's orchestra, composed of members of the late Chick Webb's band, in 1942.
In 1943, Dizzy joined the Earl Hines band. Composer Gunther Schuller said:
... In 1943 I heard the great Earl Hines band which had Bird in it and all those other great musicians. They were playing all the flatted fifth chords and all the modern harmonies and substitutions and Dizzy Gillespie runs in the trumpet section work. Two years later I read that that was 'bop' and the beginning of modern jazz ... but the band never made recordings.[9]
Gillespie said of the Hines band, "People talk about the Hines band being 'the incubator of bop' and the leading exponents of that music ended up in the Hines band. But people also have the erroneous impression that the music was new. It was not. The music evolved from what went before. It was the same basic music. The difference was in how you got from here to here to here ... naturally each age has got its own shit".[10]
Next, Gillespie joined Billy Eckstine's (Earl Hines' long-time collaborator) big band and it was as a member of Eckstine's band that he was reunited with Charlie Parker, a fellow member of Hines's band. In 1945, Dizzy left Eckstine's band because he wanted to play with a small combo. A "small combo" typically comprised no more than five musicians, playing the trumpet, saxophone, piano, bass and drums.
The rise of bebop[link]
_Jackson,_and_Timmie_Rosenkrantz,_Downbeat,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Sept._1947_(pd).jpg)
Bebop was known as the first modern jazz style. However, it was unpopular in the beginning and was not viewed as positively as swing music was. Bebop was seen as an outgrowth of swing, not a revolution. Swing introduced a diversity of new musicians in the bebop era like Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Kenny Clarke, Oscar Pettiford, and Gillespie. Through these musicians, a new vocabulary of musical phrases was created.[11] With Charlie Parker, Gillespie jammed at famous jazz clubs like Minton's Playhouse and Monroe's Uptown House. Charlie Parker's system also held methods of adding chords to existing chord progressions and implying additional chords within the improvised lines.[11]
Gillespie compositions like "Groovin' High", "Woody n' You" and "Salt Peanuts" sounded radically different, harmonically and rhythmically, from the swing music popular at the time. "A Night in Tunisia", written in 1942, while Gillespie was playing with Earl Hines' band, is noted for having a feature that is common in today's music, a non-walking bass line.[citation needed] The song also displays Afro-Cuban rhythms.[12] One of their first (and greatest) small-group performances together was only issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Gillespie taught many of the young musicians on 52nd Street, including Miles Davis and Max Roach, about the new style of jazz. After a lengthy gig at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles, which left most of the audience ambivalent or hostile towards the new music, the band broke up. Unlike Parker, who was content to play in small groups and be an occasional featured soloist in big bands, Gillespie aimed to lead a big band himself; his first, unsuccessful, attempt to do this was in 1945.[citation needed]
After his work with Parker, Gillespie led other small combos (including ones with Milt Jackson, John Coltrane, Lalo Schifrin, Ray Brown, Kenny Clarke, James Moody, J.J. Johnson, and Yusef Lateef) and finally put together his first successful big band. Dizzy Gillespie and his band tried to popularize bop and make Dizzy Gillespie a symbol of the new music.[13] He also appeared frequently as a soloist with Norman Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic. He also headlined the 1946 independently-produced musical revue film Jivin' in Be-Bop.[14]
In 1948 Dizzy was involved in a traffic accident when the bicycle he was riding was bumped by an automobile. He was slightly injured, and found that he could no longer hit the B-flat above high C. He won the case, but the jury awarded him only $1000, in view of his high earnings up to that point.[15]
In 1956 he organized a band to go on a State Department tour of the Middle East which was extremely well received internationally and earned him the nickname "the Ambassador of Jazz".[16][17] During this time, he also continued to lead a big band that performed throughout the United States and featured musicians including Pee Wee Moore and others. This band recorded a live album at the 1957 Newport jazz festival that featured Mary Lou Williams as a guest artist on piano.
Afro-Cuban music[link]
In the late 1940s, Gillespie was also involved in the movement called Afro-Cuban music, bringing Afro-Latin American music and elements to greater prominence in jazz and even pop music, particularly salsa. Afro-Cuban jazz is based on traditional Afro-Cuban rhythms. Dizzy Gillespie was introduced to Chano Pozo in 1947 by Mario Bauza, a Latin jazz trumpet player. Chano Pozo became Gillespie's conga drummer for his band. Dizzy Gilespie also worked with Mario Bauza in New York jazz clubs on 52nd Street and several famous dance clubs such as Palladium and the Apollo Theater in Harlem. They played together in the Chick Webb band and Cab Calloway's band, where Gillespie and Bauza became life-long friends. Dizzy helped develop and mature the Afro-Cuban jazz style.[18]
Afro-Cuban jazz was considered bebop-oriented, and some musicians classified it as a modern style. Afro-Cuban jazz was successful because it never decreased in popularity and it always attracted people to dance to its unique rhythms.[18] Gillespie's most famous contributions to Afro-Cuban music are the compositions "Manteca" and "Tin Tin Deo" (both co-written with Chano Pozo); he was responsible for commissioning George Russell's "Cubano Be, Cubano Bop", which featured the great but ill-fated Cuban conga player, Chano Pozo. In 1977, Gillespie discovered Arturo Sandoval while researching music during a tour of Cuba.
Later years[link]
His biographer Alyn Shipton quotes Don Waterhouse approvingly that Dizzy in the fifties "had begun to mellow into an amalgam of his entire jazz experience to form the basis of new classicism". Another opinion is that, unlike his contemporary Miles Davis, Gillespie essentially remained true to the bebop style for the rest of his career.[citation needed]
In 1960, he was inducted into the Down Beat magazine's Jazz Hall of Fame.
During the 1964 United States presidential campaign the artist, with tongue in cheek, put himself forward as an independent write-in candidate.[19][20] He promised that if he were elected, the White House would be renamed "The Blues House," and a cabinet composed of Duke Ellington (Secretary of State), Miles Davis (Director of the CIA), Max Roach (Secretary of Defense), Charles Mingus (Secretary of Peace), Ray Charles (Librarian of Congress), Louis Armstrong (Secretary of Agriculture), Mary Lou Williams (Ambassador to the Vatican), Thelonious Monk (Travelling Ambassador) and Malcolm X (Attorney General).[21][22] He said his running mate would be Phyllis Diller. Campaign buttons had been manufactured years ago by Gillespie's booking agency "for publicity, as a gag",[23] but now proceeds from them went to benefit the Congress of Racial Equality, Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr.;[24] in later years they became a collector's item.[25] In 1971 Gillespie announced he would run again[26][27] but withdrew before the election for reasons connected to the Bahá'í Faith.[28]
Gillespie published his autobiography, To Be or Not to Bop, in 1979.
Gillespie was a vocal fixture in many of John Hubley and Faith Hubley's animated films, such as The Hole, The Hat, and Voyage to Next.
In the 1980s, Dizzy Gillespie led the United Nation Orchestra. For three years Flora Purim toured with the Orchestra and she credits Gillespie with evolving her understanding of jazz after being in the field for over two decades.[29] David Sánchez also toured with the group and was also greatly influenced by Gillespie. Both artists later were nominated for Grammy awards. Gillespie also had a guest appearance on The Cosby Show as well as Sesame Street and The Muppet Show.
In 1982, Dizzy Gillespie had a cameo appearance on Stevie Wonder's hit "Do I Do". Gillespie's tone gradually faded in the last years in life, and his performances often focused more on his proteges such as Arturo Sandoval and Jon Faddis; his good-humoured comedic routines became more and more a part of his live act.
In 1988, Gillespie had worked with Canadian flautist and saxophonist Moe Koffman on their prestigious album Oo Pop a Da. He did fast scat vocals on the title track and a couple of the other tracks were played only on trumpet.
In 1989 Gillespie gave 300 performances in 27 countries, appeared in 100 U.S. cities in 31 states and the District of Columbia, headlined three television specials, performed with two symphonies, and recorded four albums.[citation needed] He was also crowned a traditional chief in Nigeria, received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres; France's most prestigious cultural award. He was named Regent Professor by the University of California, and received his fourteenth honorary doctoral degree, this one from the Berklee College of Music. In addition, he was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award the same year. The next year, at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts ceremonies celebrating the centennial of American jazz, Gillespie received the Kennedy Center Honors Award and the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Duke Ellington Award for 50 years of achievement as a composer, performer, and bandleader.[30][31] In 1993 he received the Polar Music Prize in Sweden.[32]
November 26, 1992 at Carnegie Hall in New York, following the Second Bahá'í World Congress was Dizzy's 75th birthday concert and his offering to the celebration of the centenary of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh. Gillespie was to appear at Carnegie Hall for the 33rd time. The line-up included: Jon Faddis, Marvin "Doc" Holladay, James Moody, Paquito D'Rivera, and the Mike Longo Trio with Ben Brown on bass and Mickey Roker on drums. But Gillespie didn't make it because he was in bed suffering from cancer of the pancreas. "But the musicians played their real hearts out for him, no doubt suspecting that he would not play again. Each musician gave tribute to their friend, this great soul and innovator in the world of jazz."[33]
Gillespie also starred in a film called The Winter in Lisbon released in 2004.[34] He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7057 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood section of the City of Los Angeles. He is honored by the December 31, 2006 - A Jazz New Year's Eve: Freddy Cole & the Dizzy Gillespie All-Star Big Band at The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.[35]
Death and legacy[link]
A longtime resident of Englewood, New Jersey,[36] he died of pancreatic cancer January 6, 1993, aged 75, and was buried in the Flushing Cemetery, Queens, New York. Mike Longo delivered a eulogy at his funeral. He was also with Gillespie on the night he died, along with Jon Faddis and a select few others.
At the time of his death, Dizzy Gillespie was survived by his widow, Lorraine Willis Gillespie; a daughter, jazz singer Jeanie Bryson; and a grandson, Radji Birks Bryson-Barrett. Gillespie had two funerals. One was a Bahá'í funeral at his request, at which his closest friends and colleagues attended. The second was at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York open to the public.[37]
Dizzy Gillespie, a Bahá'í since 1970, was one of the most famous adherents of the Bahá'í Faith which helped him make sense of his position in a succession of trumpeters as well as turning his life from knife-carrying roughneck to global citizen, and from alcohol to soul force, in the words of author Nat Hentoff, who knew Gillespie for forty years. He spoke about the Baha'i Faith frequently on his trips abroad.[38][39][40] He is often called the Bahá'í Jazz Ambassador.[41] He is honored with weekly jazz sessions at the New York Bahá'í Center in the memorial auditorium.[42]
Style[link]
Gillespie has been described as the "Sound of Surprise".[43] The Rough Guide to Jazz describes his musical style:
The whole essence of a Gillespie solo was cliff-hanging suspense: the phrases and the angle of the approach were perpetually varied, breakneck runs were followed by pauses, by huge interval leaps, by long, immensely high notes, by slurs and smears and bluesy phrases; he always took listeners by surprise, always shocking them with a new thought. His lightning reflexes and superb ear meant his instrumental execution matched his thoughts in its power and speed. And he was concerned at all times with swing — even taking the most daring liberties with pulse or beat, his phrases never failed to swing. Gillespies’s magnificent sense of time and emotional intensity of his playing came from childhood roots. His parents were Methodists, but as a boy he used to sneak off every Sunday to the uninhibited Sanctified Church. He said later, ‘The Sanctified Church had deep significance for me musically. I first learned the significance of rhythm there and all about how music can transport people spiritually.'"[44]
In Dizzy's obituary, Peter Watrous describes his performance style:
In the naturally effervescent Mr. Gillespie, opposites existed. His playing — and he performed constantly until nearly the end of his life — was meteoric, full of virtuosic invention and deadly serious. But with his endlessly funny asides, his huge variety of facial expressions and his natural comic gifts, he was as much a pure entertainer as an accomplished artist."[45]
Wynton Marsalis summed up Gillespie as a player and teacher:
His playing showcases the importance of intelligence. His rhythmic sophistication was unequaled. He was a master of harmony — and fascinated with studying it. He took in all the music of his youth — from Roy Eldridge to Duke Ellington — and developed a unique style built on complex rhythm and harmony balanced by wit. Dizzy was so quick-minded, he could create an endless flow of ideas at unusually fast tempo. Nobody had ever even considered playing a trumpet that way, let alone had actually tried. All the musicians respected him because, in addition to outplaying everyone, he knew so much and was so generous with that knowledge..."[46]
"Bent" trumpet[link]
Gillespie's trademark trumpet featured a bell which bent upward at a 45-degree angle rather than pointing straight ahead as in the conventional design. According to Gillespie's autobiography, this was originally the result of accidental damage caused by the dancers Stump and Stumpy falling onto it while it was on a trumpet stand on stage at Snookie's in Manhattan on January 6, 1953, during a birthday party for Gillespie's wife Lorraine.[47] The constriction caused by the bending altered the tone of the instrument, and Gillespie liked the effect. He had the trumpet straightened out the next day, but he could not forget the tone. Gillespie sent a request to Martin Committee to make him a "bent" trumpet from a sketch produced by Lorraine, and from that time forward Gillespie played a trumpet with an upturned bell.[48]
Gillespie's biographer Alyn Shipton writes that Gillespie probably got the idea for a bent trumpet when he saw a similar instrument in 1937 in Manchester, England, while on tour with the Teddy Hill Orchestra. According to this account (from British journalist Pat Brand) Gillespie was able to try out the horn and the experience led him, much later, to commission a similar horn for himself.
Whatever the origins of Gillespie's upswept trumpet, by June 1954, he was using a professionally manufactured horn of this design, and it was to become a visual trademark for him for the rest of his life.[49] Such trumpets were made for him by Martin Committee (from 1954), King Musical Instruments (from 1972) and Renold Schilke (from 1982, a gift from Jon Faddis).[48] Gillespie favored mouthpieces made by Al Cass. In December 1986 Gillespie gave the National Museum of American History his 1972 King "Silver Flair" trumpet with a Cass mouthpiece.[48][50][51] In April 1995, Gillespie's Martin trumpet was auctioned at Christie's in New York City, along with instruments used by other famous musicians such as Coleman Hawkins, Jimi Hendrix and Elvis Presley.[52] An image of Gillespie's trumpet was selected for the cover of the auction program. The battered instrument sold to Manhattan builder Jeffery Brown for $63,000, the proceeds benefiting jazz musicians suffering from cancer.[53][54][55]
Discography[link]
As leader[link]
- 1937-49: The Complete RCA Victor Recordings (RCA Victor)
- 1945-47: Groovin' High (Savoy)
- 1950: Bird and Diz (Clef) - with Charlie Parker
- 1951-52: Dee Gee Days: The Savoy Sessions (Savoy) - includes all tracks on The Champ (Savoy) and School Days (Regent)
- 1952-53: The Great Blue Star Sessions 1952-1953 (EmArcy) - includes all tracks on Dizzy Gillespie and His Operatic Strings Orchestra (Fontana) and some tracks released on Dizzy at Home and Abroad (Atlantic)
- 1953: Dizzy Digs Paris (Giant Steps) - includes all tracks on Dizzy Over Paris (Roost)
- 1953: Jazz at Massey Hall (Debut) - with Charlie Parker, Bud Powell, Charles Mingus and Max Roach
- 1953: Diz and Getz (Norgran) - with Stan Getz
- 1954: Afro (Norgran)
- 1954: Dizzy and Strings (Norgran)
- 1954: Roy and Diz (Clef) - with Roy Eldridge
- 1954-55: Jazz Recital (Norgran) - also released as Dizzy Gillespie and His Orchestra
- 1955: One Night in Washington (Elektra Musician [1983])
- 1956: Modern Jazz Sextet (Norgran)
- 1956: World Statesman (Norgran)
- 1956: Dizzy in Greece (Verve)
- 1956: For Musicians Only (Verve) - with Stan Getz and Sonny Stitt
- 1957: Birks' Works (Verve)
- 1957: Dizzy Gillespie and Stuff Smith (Verve)
- 1957: Sittin' In (Verve) - with Stan Getz and Coleman Hawkins
- 1957: Dizzy Gillespie at Newport (Verve)
- 1957: Duets (Verve) - with Sonny Rollins and Sonny Stitt
- 1957: The Greatest Trumpet of Them All (Verve) - with Benny Golson
- 1957: Sonny Side Up (Verve) - with Sonny Rollins and Sonny Stitt
- 1959: The Ebullient Mr. Gillespie (Verve)
- 1959: Have Trumpet, Will Excite! (Verve)
- 1960: A Portrait of Duke Ellington (Verve)
- 1960: Gillespiana (Verve) - composed and arranged by Lalo Schifrin
- 1961: An Electrifying Evening with the Dizzy Gillespie Quintet (Verve)
- 1961: Carnegie Hall Concert (Verve)
- 1961: Perceptions (Verve) - composed and arranged by J.J. Johnson, conducted by Gunther Schuller
- 1962: Dizzy on the French Riviera (Philips)
- 1962: The New Continent (Limelight) - composed and arranged by Lalo Schifrin
- 1963: New Wave (Philips)
- 1963: Something Old, Something New (Philips)
- 1963: Dizzy Gillespie and the Double Six of Paris (Philips)
- 1964: Dizzy Goes Hollywood (Philips)
- 1964: The Cool World (Philips)
- 1964: Jambo Caribe (Limelight)
- 1965: Gil Fuller & the Monterey Jazz Festival Orchestra featuring Dizzy Gillespie (Pacific Jazz) - with Gil Fuller
- 1966: The Melody Lingers On (Limelight)
- 1967: Swing Low, Sweet Cadillac (Impulse!)
- 1967: Live at the Village Vanguard (Solid State)
- 1968: The Dizzy Gillespie Reunion Big Band (MPS)
- 1969: It's My Way (Solid State) - also released as My Way
- 1969: Cornucopia (Solid State)
- 1970: The Real Thing (Perception) - with James Moody
- 1970: Portrait of Jenny (Perception)
- 1971: Giants (Perception) - with Bobby Hackett and Mary Lou Williams
- 1971: Dizzy Gillespie and the Mitchell Ruff Duo in Concert (Mainstream) - with Willie Ruff and Dwike Mitchell
- 1971: The Giants of Jazz (Atlantic) - with Art Blakey, Al McKibbon, Thelonious Monk, Sonny Stitt and Kai Winding
- 1973: The Giant (America)
- 1973: The Source (America)
- 1974: Dizzy Gillespie's Big 4 (Pablo)
- 1974: The Trumpet Kings Meet Joe Turner (Pablo) - with Joe Turner, Roy Eldridge, Harry "Sweets" Edison and Clark Terry
- 1974: Oscar Peterson and Dizzy Gillespie (Pablo) - with Oscar Peterson
- 1974: Oscar Peterson and The Trumpet Kings - Jousts (Pablo) - with Oscar Peterson
- 1975: The Bop Session (Sonet) - with Sonny Stitt, John Lewis, Hank Jones, Percy Heath and Max Roach
- 1975: Jazz Maturity...Where It's Coming From (Pablo) - with Oscar Peterson and Roy Eldridge
- 1975: Afro-Cuban Jazz Moods (Pablo) - with Machito
- 1975: The Dizzy Gillespie Big 7 (Pablo) - also released as Dizzy
- 1975: The Trumpet Kings at Montreux '75 (Pablo) - with Roy Eldridge, Clark Terry and Oscar Peterson
- 1975: Bahiana (Pablo)
- 1976: Carter, Gillespie Inc. (Pablo) - with Benny Carter
- 1976: Dizzy's Party (Pablo)
- 1977: Free Ride (Pablo) - composed and arranged by Lalo Schifrin
- 1977: The Gifted Ones (Pablo) - with Count Basie
- 1977: Dizzy Gillespie Jam (Pablo) - with John Faddis
- 1980: The Trumpet Summit Meets the Oscar Peterson Big 4 (Pablo) - with Freddie Hubbard, Clark Terry and Oscar Peterson
- 1980: The Alternate Blues (Pablo) - with Freddie Hubbard, Clark Terry and Oscar Peterson
- 1980: Digital at Montreux, 1980 (Pablo)
- 1981: Musician, Composer, Raconteur (Pablo)
- 1981: To a Finland Station (Pablo) - with Arturo Sandoval
- 1984: Closer to the Source (Atlantic)
- 1985: New Faces (GRP)
- 1986: Dizzy Gillespie Meets Phil Woods Quintet - with Phil Woods
- 1988: Endlessly (Impulse!)
- 1988: Oop-Pop-A-Da (Soundwings) - with Moe Koffman
- 1989: Live at the Royal Festival Hall (Enja) - with the United Nation Orchestra
- 1989: Max + Dizzy: Paris 1989 (A&M) - with Max Roach
- 1989: The Paris All Stars Homage to Charlie Parker (A&M) with Jackie McLean, Phil Woods, Stan Getz, Milt Jackson, Hank Jones, Percy Heath and Max Roach
- 1989: The Symphony Sessions (ProJazz)
- 1990: The Winter in Lisbon (Milan) - soundtrack
- 1991: Live! at Blues Alley (with Ron Holloway, Ed Cherry, John Lee, Ignacio Berroa)
- 1992: Bird Songs: The Final Recordings (Telarc)
- 1992: To Bird with Love (Telarc)
- 1992: To Diz with Love (Telarc)
As sideman[link]
With Benny Carter
- New Jazz Sounds (Norgran, 1954)
With CTI All Stars
- Rhythmstick (CTI, 1990)
With Quincy Jones
- Back on the Block (Warner Bros., 1989)
With Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich
- Krupa and Rich (Clef, 1955)
With Mike Longo
- Talk with the Spirits (Pablo, 1976)
With the Manhattan Transfer
- Vocalese (Atlantic, 1985)
With Carmen McRae
- Carmen McRae at the Great American Music Hall (Blue Note, 1976)
With Charles Mingus
- Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert (Columbia, 1972)
With Katie Bell Nubin
- Soul, Soul Searching (Verve, 1960)
With Oscar Peterson
With Mongo Santamaria
- Montreux Heat! (Pablo, 1980)
- Summertime (Pablo, 1980)
With Woody Shaw
- Woody Shaw and Friends at Monterey Jazz Festival 1979 (Concord Jazz, 1979)
With Lillian Terry
- Oo-Shoo-Be-Doo-Be...Oo, Oo...Oo, Oo (Black Saint, 1985)
With Randy Weston
- Spirits of Our Ancestors (Verve, 1992)
Filmography[link]
- 1983 Jazz in America (Embassy)
- 1986 In Redondo Beach/Jazz In America ( Embassy)
- 1991 Dizzy Gillespie: A Night in Tunisia (VIEW)
- 1993 Live in London (Kultur Video)
- 1998 Dizzy Gillespie & Charles Mingus (Vidjazz)
- 1998 Dizzy Gillespie: Ages (Vidjazz)
- 1999 Jazz Casual: Dizzy Gillespie (Rhino)
- 2001 Jivin'in Be-Bop (Jazz Classic Video)
- 2001 Dizzy Gillespie: A Night in Chicago (VIEW)[56]
- 2001 Live at the Royal Festival Hall 1987 (Pioneer)
- 2002 Live in Montreal (Image)
- 2003 20th Century Jazz Masters
- 2003 Swing Era (with Mel Torme) (Idem)
- 2005 Norman Granz Jazz in Montreux: Presents Dizzy Gillespie Sextet '77 (Eagle Vision USA)
- 2005 Summer Jazz Live at New Jersey 1987 (FS World Jazz / Alpha Centauri Entertainment)
- 2005 A Night in Havana: Dizzy Gillespie in Cuba (New Video Group)
- 2006 Jazz Icons: Live in '58 & '70 (Universal)
- 2008 London Concerts 1965 & 1966 (Impro-Jazz Spain)
Bibliography[link]
- To Be, or Not...to Bop. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
References[link]
- ^ Watrous, P. Dizzy Gillespie, Who Sounded Some of Modern Jazz's Earliest Notes, Dies at 75, The New York Times Obituary, January 7, 1993
- ^ Yanow, S. (2002) All Music Guide to Jazz. Backbeat Books.
- ^ To be or not to bop: Memoirs of Dizzy Gillespie by Dizzy Gillespie and Al Fraser. Published: Doubleday, New York, 1979. Pages: 552
- ^ Palmer, Richer. "The Greatest Jazzman of Them All? The Recorded Work of Dizzy Gillespie: An Appraisal" Jazz Journal, January, 2001, p. 8
- ^ a b c "jazz-music-history.com". jazz-music-history.com. http://www.jazz-music-history.com/Dizzy-Gillespie.html. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ "chuckmangione.com". chuckmangione.com. http://www.chuckmangione.com/bio.html. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Reich, Howard. "Dizzy's Legacy: James Moody Carries on the Tradition of His Mentor", Chicago Tribune, March 28, 1993
- ^ "Priestly, Brian. "The Definitive Dizzy Gillespie" May 2000. 2 Jun 2009". Vervemusicgroup.com. http://www.vervemusicgroup.com/dizzygillespie. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Gunther Schuller 14 Nov 1972. Dance, p 290
- ^ *Dance, Stanley (1983). The World of Earl Hines. [Includes a 120-page interview with Hines]. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80182-5: p.260
- ^ a b "Kato, Lisa. "Charlie Parker and the Rise of Bebop". 2003. 29 Jun 2009". Theguitarschool.com. http://www.theguitarschool.com/CharlieParker.html. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Yanow, Scott. "Afro-Cuban Jazz". Hal Leonard Publication. 2000
- ^ Yanow, Scott. "Yanow, Scott. "Dizzy Gillespie Biography". 2009. June 25, 2009". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p6576/biography. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ "'Jivin’ in Be-Bop (DVD)". Filmthreat.com. 2004-08-17. http://www.filmthreat.com/index.php?section=reviews&Id=6365. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Ready for the Plaintiff! by Melvin Belli, 1956.
- ^ "from Ken Burns's Jazz, A Gillespie Biography". .wwnorton.com. http://www2.wwnorton.com/college/music/enj9/shorter/composers/dizzy.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ "Ken Burns's Jazz, A Gillespie Biography". Pbs.org. http://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_gillespie_dizzy.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ a b [Yanow, Scott. "Afro-Cuban Jazz". Hal Leonard Publication. 2000]
- ^ Gillespie, Dizzy; Al Fraser (2000) [1979]. "Diz for President". To Be or Not to Bop. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 452–461. ISBN 978-0-8166-6547-1.
- ^ Lipsitz, George. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 1-59213-493-9.
- ^ "BBC radio broadcast on Gillespie's 1964 presidential campaign". Bbc.co.uk. 2007-01-08. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/pip/4y7yo/?focuswin. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ "The Winter in Lisbon" CD booklet.
- ^ Gillespie 2000 [1979], op. cit. p. 453.
- ^ Gillespie 2000 [1979], op. cit. p. 460.
- ^ Gelly, Dave (8 May 2005). "Other Jazz CDs". The Observer: p. Observer Review: 13. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5w6RN0u19. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
- ^ "Dizzy Wants to Blow Right Into White House". Jet 40 (17): 61. 22 July 1971. ISSN 0021-5996. http://books.google.com/books?id=oDcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61.
- ^ "Dizzy Gillespie Picks Two Cabinet Members: Duke Ellington, Muhammad Ali". Jet 40 (26): 56. 23 September 1971. ISSN 0021-5996. http://books.google.com/books?id=4zcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56.
- ^ Gillespie 2000 [1979], op. cit. pp. 460-461.
- ^ Beatrice Richardson for JazzReview interviews Flora Purim - Queen of Brazilian Jazz.
- ^ Pop/Jazz; A Tribute For Gillespie And the Jazz He Created.
- ^ Jazz with Bob Parlocha - Biographies - Dizzy Gillespie.
- ^ – About | Polar Music Prize.
- ^ The Spiritual Side of Dizzy by Lowell Johnson.
- ^ "The Winter in Lisbon" Dizzy Gillespie | Milan Records (2004).
- ^ The Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Schedule 2006-7.
- ^ Berman, Eleanor. "The jazz of Queens encompasses music royalty", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 1, 2006. Accessed October 1, 2009. "Mr. Knight shows the brick building that was the studio of Dizzie Gillespie, where other Corona residents like Cannonball Adderley used to come and jam."
- ^ Dizzy Gillespie Memorial.
- ^ "Remembering Dizzy". Jazztimes.com. http://jazztimes.com/columns_and_features/final_chorus/index.cfm?id=46. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Groovin' High The Life of Dizzy Gillespie by Alyn Shipton.
- ^ Groovin' High: The Life of Dizzy Gillespie Review by Brad Pokorny
- ^ "The Bahá'í Voice Presents:Dizzy Gileespie, Bahá'í Jazz Ambassador". Unbf.ca. Archived from the original on Dec., 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071214053331/http://www.unbf.ca/clubs/abs/dizzy.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ "Jazz @ the Bahá'í Center". New York City Baha'i Center. Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of New York City. http://bahainyc.org/nyc-bahai-center/jazz-night. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
- ^ Shipton, A. Groovin' High: The Life of Dizzy Gillespie (1999) New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Carr, I., Fairweather, D, Brian P, The rough guide to Jazz. page. 291
- ^ Watrous, Peter. "Dizzy Gillespie, Who Sounded Some of Modern Jazz's Earliest Notes, Dies at 75”, New York Times, January 7, 1993
- ^ Marsalis, W. with Geoffrey C. Ward. Moving to higher ground : how jazz can change your life. New York : Random House, 2008.
- ^ Maggin, Donald L. (2006). Dizzy: The Life and Times of John Birks Gillespie. HarperCollins. p. 253. ISBN 0-06-055921-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=iFJIMu8S7KcC&pg=PA253.
- ^ a b c Hamlin, Jesse (July 27, 1997). "A Distinctly American Bent / Dizzy Gillespie's misshapen horn highlights Smithsonian's traveling show". San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/1997-07-27/entertainment/17753567_1_trumpet-space-capsule-dizzy-gillespie/2.
- ^ Shipton, Alyn. 'Groovin' High: The Life of Dizzy Gillespie' New York : Oxford University Press. (see pp.258-259)
- ^ "Dizzy Gillespie Donates Trumpet to NMAH". Smithsonian Insitution Archives. December 1986. http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_2016?back=%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522Jazz%2522%26facets%3DMRC_4%26page%3D1%26perpage%3D10%26sort%3Drelevancy%26view%3Dlist#. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
- ^ "Dizzy Gillespie's B-flat trumpet along with one of his Al Cass mouthpieces". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object.cfm?key=35&objkey=62. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
- ^ Fisher, Don (April 23, 1995). "Christie's To Auction Prized Martin Guitar Collection – L.V. Man's Love To Be Instrument Of His Retirement". The Morning Call (Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania): p. 2. http://articles.mcall.com/1995-04-23/business/3039220_1_d-45-guitar-christie-s-new-york/2.
- ^ "Bent, Battered Trumpet Sells For Dizzy $63,000". Deseret News. April 26, 1995. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/417418/BENT-BATTERED-TRUMPET-SELLS-FOR-DIZZY-63000.html.
- ^ "Object of Desire: Bell Epoque". New York Magazine 28 (17): 111. April 24, 1995. ISSN 0028-7369. http://books.google.com/books?id=C-UCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA111.
- ^ Macnie, Jim (May 13, 1995). "Jazz Blue Notes". Billboard 107 (19): 60. ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.com/books?id=vAsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60.
- ^ Artist: Gillespie, Dizzy. "VIEW DVD Listing". View.com. http://www.view.com/dizzy_gillespie_a_night_in_chicago_dvd.aspx. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gillespie, Dizzy |
| Alternative names | Gillespie, John Birks |
| Short description | Jazz trumpeter |
| Date of birth | October 21, 1917 |
| Place of birth | Cheraw, South Carolina |
| Date of death | January 6, 1993 |
| Place of death | Englewood, New Jersey, U.S. |
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