Look up bubble or bubbles in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Bubble or Bubbles may refer to:

Physical bubbles[link]

• Liquid bubble, globule of one substance encased in another, usually air in a liquid
• Soap bubble, a bubble formed by soapy water (a thin film of liquid)
• Antibubble, a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas

Arts and literature[link]

• Bubbles (painting), a 1886 painting by Sir John Everett Millais, also used to market Pears soap
• Bubbles Yablonsky, the protagonist in a series of mystery novels
• Speech balloon or speech bubble, a graphic convention used primarily in comics and cartoons

Astronomy[link]

• Local Bubble, the cavity which contains the Solar System
• Bubble Nebula (NGC 6822), an emission nebula in Barnard's Galaxy
• NGC 7635 (also known as the Bubble Nebula), an emission nebula in the Milky Way galaxy
• Stellar-wind bubble, a large cavity in the interstellar medium created by a star's energy
• Superbubble, a large structure created by multiple gases

Economics[link]

• Economic bubble, a situation where market prices are unsustainable
  • Dot-com bubble, a specific economic bubble in the 1990s
  • Real Estate/Housing bubble, economic bubble involving unsustainably valued property
  • Stock market bubble, an economic bubble involving over-valued stock
  • Tulip bubble, an economic bubble in the 1630s and a metaphor for other economic bubbles

Film[link]

• Bubbles (film), a 1930 short film featuring a pre-stardom Judy Garland
• The Bubble (1966 film), a science fiction film
• Bubble (film), a 2006 improvised thriller directed by Stephen Soderbergh
• The Bubble (2006 film), an Israeli drama about a gay romance
• Bubbles, a character in the 2003 film Finding Nemo

Music[link]

• "Bubbles" (Biffy Clyro song), a song on Biffy Clyro's 2009 album Only Revolutions
• "Bubble" (Fluke song), a 1994 song on Fluke's album Oto
• "Bubbles", a song on System of a Down's 2002 album Steal This Album!
• Bubbles, a record label owned by Erlend Øye and Marcin Oz of The Whitest Boy Alive

Television[link]

• The Bubble (UK TV series), a BBC comedy programme hosted by David Mitchell
• Bubble, a character in the TV series Absolutely Fabulous
• Bubbles, a character in the animated TV series Jabberjaw
• Bubbles (The Powerpuff Girls), a character in The Powerpuff Girls
• Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys character)
• Bubbles (The Wire), a character from the HBO series The Wire
• Bubbles the Clown, a doll used in the BBC's Test Card F
• Bubbles DeVere, a character in the TV series Little Britain
• Bubbles (The Adventures of Little Carp), an anthropomorphic fish from The Adventures of Little Carp
• Bubbles, a contestant on Real Chance of Love season 1 and Charm School 3
• Dirty Bubble, one of mermaid man's enemies in SpongeBob SquarePants

Video games[link]

• Bubble Ghost, a French 1987 video game
• Bubbles (video game), a 1982 arcade video game by Williams Electronics
• The main character in the video game Clu Clu Land
• Bubble, an enemy in The Legend of Zelda series

People, characters and animals[link]

• Bubble Boy (disambiguation), (or 'boy in the bubble'), colloquialism used to describe a person who must live in a sterile environment for medical reasons
• Bubble Eye, a variety of goldfish
• Bubbles (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee who lived with Michael Jackson
• Bubbles, a muppet character that appeared in The Adventures of Timmy the Tooth and The Muppets.
• Pamela Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere (1933–1992), English socialite and actress
• William Milbourne James (1881–1974), child model for the painting and soap advertisement Bubbles
• Beverly Sills (1929–2007), opera singer

Other[link]

• Bubble (computing), a delay in pipeline
• Champagne (wine), sparkling wine or Champagne, colloquially known as bubbles
• Bubbles (band), a Swedish girl group
• Bubble Act, an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain requiring all joint-stock companies to have a Royal Charter
• Bubble and squeak, a traditional English vegetable dish; usually based on mashed potatoes and "left over" vegetables
• Bubble chamber, a particle detector in physics
• Bubble wrap, a packaging material
• Hi-Riser (automobile), a sedan customized by increasing the ground clearance and adding large-diameter wheels
• Carbonation, the process of adding bubbles to soft drinks
• Westminster Bubble, a term used to describe isolation among United Kingdom government employees
• Bubble, the nickname for the helmet logo of the Detroit Lions
• Bubble, a symbol used in logic gate diagrams
• Bubble play, a term used in poker tournaments
• Bubble, a term used in selecting the field for the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship or NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship
• Bubble, a term used to describe interpersonal space

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Bubble"
• All pages with titles containing "Bubble"
• Bulla (disambiguation), Latin for "bubble"
• Bub (disambiguation)
• Bubb (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

The Laughing Baby is an Internet neologism given to a YouTube viral video of a baby laughing. The video has become an internet phenomenon with over 6 million views.^[2][3] Uploaded by a Swedish man under the pseudonym of spacelord72,^[4] and later re-uploaded and popularized by another user known as BlackOleg,^[5] the "Laughing Baby" is one of the few internet memes that have entered popular culture.^[1]

The video[link]

The Laughing Baby video, which was shot by a Swedish father in his kitchen in 2006,^[6] has a running time of 1:40, and involves a fixed camera situated on William Nilsson,^[7] a blond-haired, blue eyed baby, who laughs after brief interjections from a voice in the background (supposedly the father).^[2] The video opens with the Swedish text: "kan man ha roligare" which translates as "Can you have any more fun?"^[8]

Comments[link]

The clip has become known for its disparate variety of commenters – from the amused to those concerned for the baby's health.^[6] These comments were the focus of a Slate article by Michael Agger, who remarked that uploading the video was like "dipping a bunny into acid," further adding that the "Laughing Baby has become an internet monument, and posting a remark is like tagging your name on the Statue of Liberty."^[1]

Impact[link]

The Laughing Baby video became a worldwide phenomenon and the tenth most viewed YouTube video of all time.^[2][3] Its success is attributed to "cuteness" and its "adorable nature".^[1][9] The video appeared on the front pages of web portals such as msn.com, and has been the theme of several ringtones, which helped to further increase its familiarity and popularity. The baby was featured in the South Park episode "Canada on Strike", where he appeared alongside other YouTube celebrities such as Tay Zonday and Chris Crocker.^[10]

Video shown to Queen Elizabeth II[link]

The "Laughing Baby" video was shown to Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip during a 16 October 2008 visit to Google headquarters in Victoria, London. The Queen remarked that the child was a "...lovely little thing, isn't it?" and that it was "Amazing [that] a child would laugh like that."^[11][12]

References[link]

Vybz Kartel
Background information
Birth name	Adidja Palmer
Born	(1976-01-07) 7 January 1976 (age 36) Kingston, Jamaica
Origin	Portmore, Jamaica
Genres	Reggae, Dancehall, Reggae fusion
Occupations	Deejay, songwriter, entrepreneur, lyricist, producer
Years active	2000–present
Labels	Adidjaheim Records
Associated acts	Beenie Man, Aidonia, Elephant Man, Ninjaman, The Alliance, Portmore Empire, Major Lazer & Popcaan, Kano, Vanessa Bling
Website	www.vybzkartel.co.uk

Adidja Palmer (born 7 January 1976)- ^[1][2][3] better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican dancehall artist, songwriter and businessman. He has many nicknames, including: Addi, The Teacher, World Boss, Kartel, Vybz, Gaza General and Gaza Don.

Biography[link]

Adidja Palmer began his career as a teenager in 1993 with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart", using the moniker "Adi Banton", a homage to Buju Banton.^[4] Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybez Cartel", keeping the slightly altered name after group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer, for whom he claims to have written nearly 30 songs, including "Gal Clown".^[5]

Vybz Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage.^[6] While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman for the fracas,^[6] Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas.^[7] Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.^[8]

He established his own label Adidjahiem/Notnice Records with his business partner and producer Ainsley "Notnice" Morris.^[9] In 2010, he released his album Pon Di Gaza 2.0 on Adidjahiem/Notnice Records in collaboration with Tads Record Inc.^[10] In Spring 2011, Vybz Kartel released an album entitled 'Kingston Story' with Brooklyn hip hop/electro producer Dre Skull.^[11]

Kartel has worked on collaborations and remixes with hip hop and R&B musicians Jay-Z, Rihanna, Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, M.I.A, Pharrell, Kardinal Offishall, Akon, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne and Eminem.

In 2009 he had succeeded internationally with his hit song featuring a popular female Jamaican Deejay 'Spice' - "Ramping Shop" debuting on the Billboard Top 100 Singles charts,^[12] and "Dollar Sign" being in regular rotation on urban radio stations in the US.^[13] His 2010 single "Clarks" was one of his biggest international successes, remaining in the top 3 Reggae Singles gaining the most radio plays in North America for 40 weeks.^[14] "Clarks" was also featured on the TV series So You Think You Can Dance Canada,^[15] and on a CNN segment on dancehall dance.^[16] MTV's Vice Guide to Dancehall featured Kartel at his weekly dance party, Street Vybz Thursday.^[17]

After splitting with Bounty Killer-led Alliance in 2006, Kartel founded the Portmore Empire, a group of dancehall deejays and singers from his Portmore neighborhood that he signed to his newly founded Adidjahiem/Notnice Records. Members of the group as of 2011 were: Popcaan, Shawn Storm, Sheba, Gaza Indu, Tommy Lee, Singing Maxwell, Singa Blinga, Lenny Mattic. Former members include Lisa Hype,^[18] Gaza Kim,^[19] Black Ryno,^[20] Jah Vinci, Dosa Medicine and Merital Family^[21].

Feud with Mavado[link]

Towards the end of 2006, Vybz Kartel left The Alliance. Tensions arose following Kartel's continued association with Bounty Killer's longtime enemy, Beenie Man, including Kartel attending Beenie Man's wedding to Bounty Killer's ex-girlfriend D'Angel.^[22] Due to Kartel's defection from The Alliance and his 'parring' (fraternising) with Beenie Man, a series of songs and counteraction songs ensued - the main proponents being Kartel and Mavado.

A very public feud between Vybz Kartel and former collaborator Mavado arose towards the end of 2006, stemming from Vybz' much publicized departure from the dancehall conglomerate group The Alliance. The feud resulted in numerous diss tracks released, in which each artist dissed the other and their associates over popular dancehall rhythms.^[23] In a police-overseen press conference in March 2007, both Mavado and Vybz Kartel publicly announced an end to hostilities and apologized to fans.^[24]

However, by the summer of 2008, tensions flared with a renewal of "diss tracks" from each artist, and a lyrical clash between the two at Sting 2008 left mixed views as to the "winner".^[25][26] Most of 2009 saw a continuation of the public feud, which dominated Jamaican media and, to a certain extent, Jamaican culture, with the two artists' factions, Gaza (Kartel) and Gully (Mavado), being adopted by Jamaican youth, in some cases leading to street violence.^[27][28]

On 8 December 2009, Kartel and Mavado met with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding in an attempt to end the feud, which had by that time fueled mob attacks in some of the inner-city neighborhoods of Kingston.^[29] The two had performed together on-stage the previous night in a sign of goodwill at the West Kingston Jamboree, a concert promoted by drug lord^[30] Christopher "Dudus" Coke.^[23] After the truce in December 2009, the two artists were scheduled to perform a unity concert March 2010 in Barbados, which was later cancelled by the prime minister of that country.^[31]

Business[link]

In 2008, Vybz Kartel launched his own liquor line Street Vybz Rum. He hosts a weekly dance party Street Vybz Thursday, at the Building, Kingston nightclub he manages with Street Vybz Rum business partner Corey Todd.^[32] The rum is officially distributed by Vybz Distillers Limited. The same year, he also released his own condom line, Daggering Condoms.^[33] Kartel's goal for 2011 is to release his own shoe line named Addi's, as well as his own line of "cake soap".^[34]

When his singles "Clarks", "Clarks 2 (Clarks Again)" and "Clarks 3 (Wear Weh Yuh Have)" featured the British shoe brand Clarks in 2010, its sales numbers and prices in Jamaica increased considerably.^[35]

Vybz Kartel has also hosted his own reality television show "Teacha's Pet" on CVM Jamaica broadcast channel, the first reality television show hosted by a dancehall artist in Jamaica. The premise of "Teacha's Pet" finds 20 women living in a Kingston house vying for the artist's affection; the show's lascivious content elicited condemnation of its sponsor, telecommunications company LIME. The show came to a halt with the artist's arrest on murder charges in September 2011.

Controversies[link]

Whitening[link]

Vybz Kartel's Skin before and after he bleached his skin

Kartel has come under controversy over perceived skin whitening, or "bleaching", leading him to claim to the use of "cake soap" to lighten his skin.^[36][37] The Blue Power Group, Jamaican manufacturer of the popular cake soap (or "blue soap"), has refuted claims it changes skin color.^[38] Kartel then stated the soap used to lighten his skin was his own brand, which he intends to release on the local market.^[34]

Airwave Ban[link]

In September 2011 the National Communications Network of Guyana banned Vybz Kartel from the airwaves—the first such action against a specific artist. His music contained "obscene lyrics" and brought "nothing positive" to the entertainment industry, said NCN spokesman Martin Goolsarran (Wednesday, Sept 21st) after a week of internal debate. He said NCN was reviewing the lyrics of other musicians and could ban them as well. In fact the government had no problem with Kartel, its Tourism Ministry inviting him to an August music festival, but he angered it and Guyanese promoters when he failed to show up.^[39]

Murder charge[link]

Vybz Kartel being arrested in October 2011

On 29 September 2011, Kartel was arrested by police. Jamaica's Major Investigation Taskforce (MIT) charged him with murder, conspiracy to murder and illegal possession of a firearm. The deceased was Barrington 'Bossie' Burton, a 27-year-old businessman and music promoter based in the Kingston suburb of Portmore. They first visited Kingston's Norbrook community where the DJ resides, then went to a property on Swallowfield Avenue in Kingston's Havendale area. That residence was the scene of a fire several weeks ago; a scorched computer hard-drive and several boxes were removed. They then drove to Portmore to a home purportedly owned by Kartel's mother, where a number of items were similarly confiscated. Kartel was detained for the weekend in relation to a partially burned, decomposing body found inside the Swallowfield Avenue home.^[40]

Kartel was granted bail for the Burton murder 23 March 2012 for JD$3,000,000, but currently remains jailed in connection on a second murder, of one Clive 'Lizzard' Williams.^[41]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2003: Up 2 Di Time
• 2004: More Up 2 Di Time
• 2005: J.M.T.
• 2009: Most Wanted
• 2010: Pon di Gaza 2.0
• 2011: Kingston Story

Singles[link]

Guest appearances[link]

Awards[link]

Kartel has had several collaborations with international hip hop and pop stars. He has released two albums for the UK/US based label Greensleeves Records. He was also nominated for the Source,^[43] VIBE and UK MOBO awards, although his 2004 UK MOBO award nomination was withdrawn amidst controversy over homophobic content of his lyrics.^[44]

• 2003
  • Stone Love's 30th Anniversary
    • DJ of the Year 2005

• 2008
  • CUMA (Caribbean Urban Music Awards)

• 2009
  • EME Awards^[45]
    • Male DJ of the Year
    • Lyricist/Songwriter of the Year
    • Song of the Year (Romping Shop ft. Spice)

• 2010
  • EME Awards^[46]

References[link]

Eli Pariser at the PopTech 2010 conference in Camden, Maine
Born	(1980-12-17) December 17, 1980 (age 31) Lincolnville, Maine
Alma mater	Bard College at Simon's Rock
Occupation	activist and author
Known for	MoveOn.org

Eli Pariser (born December 17, 1980) is the chief executive of Upworthy, a web site for viral meaningful content.^[1] He is a political and internet activist, board president of MoveOn.org and co-founder of Avaaz.org.

Career[link]

Pariser's rise to prominence as a political activist began when he and college student David H. Pickering launched an online petition calling for a nonmilitary response to the attacks of September 11th. At the time, he was working as a program assistant for the national nonprofit More Than Money. In less than a month, half a million people had signed the petition.

Pariser joined Moveon.org in November 2001, when founders Wes Boyd and Joan Blades invited him to merge his efforts with theirs.^[2][3] During the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign, Pariser co-created the Bush in 30 Seconds ad contest and raised over $30 million from small donors to run ads and back Democratic and progressive candidates. Writing for The New York Times Magazine in 2003, journalist George Packer referred to MoveOn as the "mainstream" element of what "may be the fastest-growing protest movement in American history."^[2] Pariser was the Executive Director of MoveOn.org (2004 - 2008), and then Board President (2008 to present).

Pariser later became concerned by the development of web personalization. He noticed a pattern of differing responses to search engine queries based on a user's past Internet search history, such that people with a liberal orientation would get one set of responses while conservatives might get an entirely different set of responses, if a person used Google or Facebook or Yahoo to search for a specific phrase or term on the Internet.^[4] For example, a liberal typing "BP" might get information about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, while a conservative typing "BP" might get investment information about the oil company. This led to his development of the concept of a filter bubble which he described in a book in which he argued that there was a danger that people would not get exposed to viewpoints different than their own.^[5][4]

Works[link]

• Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You, Penguin Press (New York, May 2011) ISBN 978-1-59420-300-8

Personal life[link]

Pariser was born on December 17, 1980, the son of Dora Lievow of Camden, Maine and Emanuel Pariser of Waterville, Maine. He grew up in Lincolnville, Maine, and in 2000 he graduated summa cum laude from Bard College at Simon's Rock with a B.A. in law and political science^[6] and in 2005 returned to give the commencement speech to the graduates.^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

• The Filter Bubble official website
• Senior Fellow at the Roosevelt Institute
• MoveOn.org
• Eli Pariser on Twitter
• Eli Pariser at TED Conferences
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Eli Pariser at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Eli Pariser in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• How the Internet is being filtered specifically for you, Marketplace on American Public Media, May 12, 2011, interview
• Eli Pariser and the Filter Bubble, Ross Reynolds, KUOW-FM Seattle, May 24, 2011, interview
• Wes Boyd and Eli Pariser Biography, Encyclopedia of World Biography
• Eli Pariser at the Notable Names Database

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