An oil boom is a boom in the oil producing sector of an economy. Generally, this short period initially brings economical benefits, in term of increased GDP growth, but might later lead to a resource curse.

Consequences[link]

According to the Dutch disease theory, the sudden discovery of oil may cause a decline in the manufacturing sector. The consequences will vary from country to country, depending on the country's economic structure and stage of development.^[1] For example, after the oil boom in Gabon, the country showed symptoms of the Dutch disease,^[2] while oil-producing Equatorial Guinea did not.^[1]

History[link]

Some important oil booms around the world include:

• Mexican oil boom (Mexico, 1977-1981)
• Pennsylvanian oil rush (United States, 1859)
• Texas Oil Boom (United States, early 1900s-1940s)
• Calgary oil boom (Canada, 1947)
• North Dakota oil boom (United States, 2008-continuing)

References[link]

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An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils.

Etymology[link]

First attested in English 1176, the word oil comes from Old French "oile", from Latin "oleum",^[1] which in turn comes from the Greek "ἔλαιον" (elaion), "olive oil, oil"^[2] and that from "ἐλαία" (elaia), "olive tree".^[3] The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek e-ra-wo, written in Linear B syllabic script.^[4]

Types[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Organic oils[link]

Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural metabolic processes. Lipid is the scientific term for the fatty acids, steroids and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including proteins, waxes and alkaloids.

Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited solubility in water compared to oils. They have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are considerably lacking in oxygen compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively nonpolar molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of phospholipids and steroids.^[5]

Mineral oils[link]

Crude oil, or petroleum, and its refined components, collectively termed petrochemicals, are crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient fossilized organic materials, such as zooplankton and algae, which geochemical processes convert into oil.^[6] It is classified as a mineral oil because it does not have an organic origin on human timescales, but is instead obtained from rocks, underground traps, or sands. Mineral oil also refers to several specific distillates of crude oil.

Applications[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

A bottle of olive oil used in food

Cosmetics[link]

Oils are applied to hair to give it a lustrous look, to prevent tangles and roughness and to stabilize the hair to promote growth.^{[citation needed]} See Hair conditioner.

Religion[link]

Oils are commonly used in ritual anointments. As a particular example, holy anointing oil has been an important ritual liquid for Judaism and Christianity.

Painting[link]

Color pigments are easily suspended in oil, making it suitable as a supporting medium for paints. The oldest known extant oil paintings date from 650 AD.^[7]

Heat transfer[link]

Oils are used as coolants in oil cooling, for instance in electric transformers. Oils are also used to enhance heating in other applications, such as cooking (especially in frying).

Lubrication[link]

Oils are commonly used as lubricants. Mineral oils are more commonly used as machine lubricants than biological oils are.

Fuel[link]

Some oils burn in liquid or aerosol form, generating heat which can be used directly or converted into other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical work. To obtain many fuel oils, crude oil is pumped from the ground and is shipped via oil tanker to an oil refinery. There, it is converted from crude oil to diesel fuel (petrodiesel), ethane (and other short-chain alkanes), fuel oils (heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces), gasoline (petrol), jet fuel, kerosene, benzene (historically), and liquefied petroleum gas. A 42 gallon barrel (U.S.) of crude oil produces approximately 10 gallons of diesel, 4 gallons of jet fuel, 19 gallons of gasoline, 7 gallons of other products, 3 gallons split between heavy fuel oil and liquified petroleum gases,^[8] and 2 gallons of heating oil. The total production of a barrel of crude into various products results in an increase to 45 gallons.^[8] Not all oils used as fuels are mineral oils, see biodiesel and vegetable oil fuel.

Chemical feedstock[link]

Crude oil can be refined into a wide variety of component hydrocarbons. Petrochemicals are the refined components of crude oil and the chemical products made from them. They are used as detergents, fertilizers, medicines, paints, plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber. Organic oils are another important chemical feedstock, especially in green chemistry.

See also[link]

• Cooking oil
• Emulsifier, a chemical which allows oil and water to mix
• Lubrication
• Wax, a class of compounds with oil-like properties that are solid at common temperatures

References[link]

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2009)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Oil

• Petroleum Online e-Learning resource from IHRDC

Look up boom in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Boom may refer to:

Music[link]

Albums[link]

• Boom, an album by The Sonics

Songs[link]

• "Boom" (Anastacia song)
• "Boom" (Anjulie song)
• "Boom", a song by the Bloodhound Gang
• "Boom" (Flight of the Conchords song)
• "Boom" (Mario song)
• "Boom" (Mary Mary song)
• "Boom" (P.O.D. song)
• "Boom" (Royce da 5'9" song)
• "Boom!", a song and music video by System of a Down released on Steal This Album!
• "Boom Boom Pow", a 2009 song by the Black Eyed Peas
• "Boom! Shake the Room", a 1993 song by Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince
• "Boom" (Snoop Dogg song)
• "Boom" (Sin song)
• "Boom" (T-Pain song)

Others[link]

• Boom!!, a vocal band founded by Hear'Say member Johnny Shentall
• Boom Festival, an electronic music festival
• Boom Gaspar, piano/keyboard/organ player for the band Pearl Jam

Places[link]

• Boom, Belgium, a municipality in Belgium
• Boom Gorge, a gorge on the Chu River in Kyrgyzstan
• Boom, Texas, former name of Summerfield, Texas

Pole or spar application[link]

• Boom (sailing), spar at the foot of a sail on a sailboat
• Boom (windsurfing), a wishbone shaped piece of windsurfing equipment
• Boom barrier, a barrier used to block vehicular access through a controlled point
• Boom operator (media), an assistant to the production sound mixer
• Log boom, a barrier placed in a river, designed to collect and/or contain floating logs timbered from nearby forests
• Boom, mechanical arm on a microphone stand
• The arm of a crane
• The arm of a backhoe
• Boom, rear fuselage of an aircraft as in Twin boom
• Boom operator (military), a controller of in-flight refueling

Sports and games[link]

• Lars Boom (born 1985), Dutch cyclist, 2008 men's champion of UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
• Boom (source port), a source port of the computer game Doom
• "Boom!", a word often used by National Football League commentator John Madden

Television and films[link]

• BOOMTV, a proposed Canadian premium television service
• Boom! (1968 film), directed by Joseph Losey and based on The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore by Tennessee Williams
• Boom (2003 film), a Bollywood film directed by Kaizad Gustad
• Boom (Power Rangers), a character from Power Rangers: S.P.D.
• "Boom" (CSI), a first-season episode of C.S.I.: Crime Scene Investigation
• Boom! (TV series), an American reality television series

Other uses[link]

• Boom (play), a play by Peter Sinn Nachtreib
• Boom (containment), a temporary floating barrier used to contain an oil spill
• Economic boom, time of rapid growth in wealth, as in a boom town
• Latin American Boom, a major current in Latin American literature in the second half of the 20th century
• Sonic boom
• Boom! (novel), a 2009 children's science fiction novel by Mark Haddon
• Boom, nickname for Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard
• "Boom!" Catchphrase of mentally handicapped British crime lord 'Bob H' in Sydney based TV series Underbelly
• Boom (entertainer) (born 1982), South Korean entertainer
• Boom! Studios, an independent comic book company
• Boom (ship), a type of dhow (Arab sailing vessel)
• Boom FM, a branding of classic hits radio stations broadcasting in Canada

See also[link]

• Bang (disambiguation)
• Boom Boom (disambiguation)
• Boum (disambiguation)

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