- published: 07 Jul 2011
- views: 733
- author: EastAngliaUK
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- A23 road
- A24 road
- A259 road
- A27 road
- A272 road
- A29 road
- Adur (district)
- AIRMILES
- Airport
- Andrew Tyrie
- Ardingly
- Arun
- Arun Valley Line
- Arundel
- Arundel Castle
- Arundel Cathedral
- Barnham, West Sussex
- Bedfordshire
- Berkshire
- Bignor Roman Villa
- Billingshurst
- Blackdown, Sussex
- Bognor Regis
- Bosham
- Bowers & Wilkins
- Bramber Castle
- Brighton
- Brighton and Hove
- Brighton Main Line
- Bristol
- British Airways
- Bronze Age Britain
- Buckinghamshire
- Burgess Hill
- Cambridgeshire
- Castles
- Cathedral
- Chanctonbury Ring
- Cheshire
- Chichester
- Chichester Cathedral
- Christ's Hospital
- Cissbury Ring
- City of London
- Cobnor House
- Cornwall
- Councillor
- County council
- County Durham
- County town
- Crawley
- Crawley Down
- Cuckfield
- Cumbria
- Cymenshore
- Dando Drilling
- Derbyshire
- Devon
- Dorset
- East Grinstead
- East Sussex
- Eastbourne Redoubt
- England
- English Channel
- Essex
- First school
- Flag of Sussex
- Foundation story
- Francis Maude
- Gatwick Airport
- Geography of Sussex
- Gloucestershire
- Goodwood Circuit
- Goodwood House
- Greater London
- Greater Manchester
- Haestingas
- Hampshire
- Handcross
- Hassocks
- Haywards Heath
- Henfield
- Herefordshire
- Hertfordshire
- Hill fort
- History of Sussex
- Horsham
- Horsham (district)
- Hurstpierpoint
- Infant school
- Isle of Wight
- ISO 3166-2 GB
- Junior school
- Kent
- Kingdom of Sussex
- Labour Party (UK)
- Lancashire
- Lancing College
- Lancing, West Sussex
- Leicestershire
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- Nicholas Soames
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- Norfolk
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- Novartis
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- Oxfordshire
- Pagham Harbour
- Peter Bottomley
- Petworth
- Petworth House
- Pol-Ed
- Portal Sussex
- Portal West Sussex
- Primary school
- Pulborough
- Rape of Arundel
- Rape of Bramber
- Rape of Chichester
- Rape of Hastings
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- Regions of England
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- Roche Diagnostics
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- Shipley Windmill
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A259 road
The A259 is a busy road on the south coast of England passing through Hampshire, West Sussex, East Sussex and part of Kent. Part of the road was named "the most dangerous road in South East England" in 2008, and the BBC named the road as the 'most crash prone A road' in the UK with 7,721 crashes and 120 deaths over 12 years from 1999–2010, an average of 383 crashes per mile.
The A259 is a busy two-lane road running along the south coast of England; part is almost parallel to the A27 road. The A259 runs east from Emsworth in Hampshire, into West Sussex via Chichester, Bognor Regis, Littlehampton, Ferring, Worthing, Lancing, Shoreham-by-Sea, Portslade And East Sussex via Hove, Brighton, Peacehaven, Newhaven, Seaford, Eastbourne, Pevensey, Bexhill, Hastings and Rye. Over the border in Kent, it continues through New Romney and Hythe to terminate at Folkestone.
The road forms part of the Hastings Ring Road and passes through the town of Winchelsea, England's first new town. The road has Trunk Road status between Pevensey and Brenzett (A2070) and forms part of the South Coast Trunk Road. This section of A259 is almost entirely single-carriageway, with only a 1 km stretch of urban dual carriageway in Bexhill.
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A27 road
The A27 is a major road in England. It runs from its junction with the A36 at Whiteparish (near Salisbury) in the county of Wiltshire. It closely parallels the south coast, where it passes through West Sussex and terminates at Pevensey (near Eastbourne and Bexhill) in East Sussex.
Between Portsmouth and Lewes, it is one of the busiest trunk roads in the UK.
Historically, for longer distance movement along the south coast, the M25 in combination with the M2, M20, M23 / A23, A3 / A3(M) and M3 has provided an attractive alternative to the actual south coast route of A259, A27 and M27. In 2002 an offpeak journey between Margate and Southampton via the M25 was 2 hours 30 minutes, and via the coastal route using the A259, A27 and M27 was 3 hours 50 minutes. The reason why the coastal route is so much slower than the M25 alternative, is largley due to a series of bottlenecks on the A27. These include Chichester, Arundel, Worthing and East of Lewes.
Proposals to improve the Chichester by-pass are on hold.
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A272 road
The A272 is a road in South-East England. It follows an approximate East-West route from near Heathfield, East Sussex to the city of Winchester, Hampshire. It has achieved somewhat unlikely fame in recent years by being the subject of a book by the Dutch author, Pieter Boogaart. It was also mentioned by Michael Palin in an early Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch about Pablo Picasso painting whilst riding a bicycle: "Well this is a truly remarkable occasion as it's the first time that a modern artist of such stature... has taken the A272."
The eastern end of the A272 starts at a junction with the A267, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north-west of the village of Cross In Hand, East Sussex. It heads west, crossing the A26 and A22 north of Uckfield, and continues through Newick before going over the border into West Sussex at a point east of Scaynes Hill. It then passes through the town of Haywards Heath and continues west, crossing the main London-Brighton A23 road at Bolney.
The route continues, crossing the A24 and passing through a number of villages and small towns in West Sussex, such as Billingshurst, Petworth and Midhurst. It then crosses the county boundary into Hampshire and reaches Petersfield. The final section passes the National Trust property of Hinton Ampner and rises high on to the Hampshire downs, passing Cheesefoot Head, before descending to merge with the A31 at Chilcomb to the east of Winchester.
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A29 road
The A29 is a major road in England. It runs for approximately 34 miles (49 kilometres) from Capel, south of Dorking, leaving the A24, running through Billingshurst and Pulborough, crossing the South Downs at Bury Hill and passing Fontwell Park Racecourse before terminating on the B2166 on Bognor Regis sea front.
From Capel to Hardham, south of Pulborough, the road largely follows the path of the old Roman road, Stane Street.
Coordinates: 51°00′27″N 0°27′47″W / 51.00752°N 0.46297°W / 51.00752; -0.46297
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Ardingly
Coordinates: 51°02′53″N 0°04′41″W / 51.048°N 0.078°W / 51.048; -0.078
Ardingly (
/ˈɑrdɪŋlaɪ/ AR-ding-lye) is a village and civil parish in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Haywards Heath in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. The village is about 33 miles (53 km) south of London, 6 miles (9.7 km) south-south-west of East Grinstead, 6.5 miles (10.5 km) southeast of Crawley, 14 miles (23 km) north of Brighton and 33 miles (53 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester.
The village is on the B2028 road. The parish covers an area of 3,974 acres (1,608 ha). The 2001 Census recorded 1,833 people in 627 households of whom 830 were economically active.
St Peter's parish church, towards the western end of the village, dates from the 14th century.
Wakehurst Place and its grounds, "Kew in the Country", are about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the village. Ardingly Reservoir is about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village. The Big-Upon-Little rock formation is close to a footpath between Ardingly and Horsted Keynes.
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Arun
Arun is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It contains the towns of Arundel, Bognor Regis and Littlehampton, and takes its name from the River Arun, which runs through the centre of the district.
Arun was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, merging the Urban Districts of Bognor Regis and Littlehampton, the municipal borough of Arundel and parts of Chichester and Worthing Rural Districts.
Arun District Council is a non-metropolitan district council formed of 56 councillors from across the following 26 wards:
The council has been under the control of the Conservative Party since its first election in 1973. The last elections to the council were held on 5 May 2011, the results of which are shown below:
The following 31 civil parishes are located within the district:
Arun District occupies the central southern area of West Sussex, and is bordered by Chichester District to the west, Horsham District to the north and Worthing borough and Adur District to the east. The district is bisected by the River Arun, and is divided between a broad rural area in the north of the district that contains Arundel and a host of small villages, part of which sits within the South Downs National Park, and an urban coastal strip that includes Bognor Regis and Littlehampton.
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Arun Valley Line
The Arun Valley Line, also known as the Mid Sussex Line, is part of the Southern-operated railway services. For the initial part of the route trains follow the Brighton Main Line, and at a junction south of Three Bridges the route turns westwards. It then runs via Crawley, Horsham (where there is a junction with the Mole Valley Line) and Arundel, before meeting the West Coastway Line at Arundel Junction. Trains on the Arun Valley Line then proceed to Portsmouth & Southampton.
Many stations on this line retain the short platforms which were originally built, not being extended by the Southern Railway when the line was modernized in the 1930s. This causes operational difficulties to this day, which require frequent platform and on-train announcements, telling passengers they must travel in the correct part of the train.
The line was opened in three stages by the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) between 1848 and 1863, creating what was then known as Mid-Sussex route to Portsmouth.
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Arundel
Coordinates: 50°51′16″N 0°33′14″W / 50.85439°N 0.5539°W / 50.85439; -0.5539
Arundel ( /ˈærəndəl/ or local /ˈɑːndəl/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Downs of West Sussex in the south of England. It lies 49 miles (79 km) south southwest of London, 18 miles (29 km) west of Brighton, and 10 miles (16 km) east of the county town of Chichester. Other nearby towns include Worthing east southeast, Littlehampton to the south and Bognor Regis to the southwest. The River Arun runs through the eastern side of the town. The town is famous for its historic castle and cathedral.
Arundel was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. In 1974 it became part of the Arun district, and now is a civil parish with a town council.
There are several theories about the meaning of the name 'Arundel'. One is that the upper reaches of the Arun, away from the sea, was once known as the Arnus, from the Brythonic word Arno, meaning run or go. So Arundel would mean Arno-dell or the dell of the flowing river. Another theory is that due to the preponderance of hoarhound on the slopes of the Arun near the town, Arundel would mean hoarhound-dell. A third explanation is that the town takes its name from the French word for swallow, hirondelle, a bird which is on the town's crest. The name was spelled Arundell until 1733, when the final l was dropped. A new theory (Theo Vennemann) relates the 'Arun' part to Basque aran 'valley' (substratic reduplication or tautology), like the placename Arendal in Norway and Sweden.[citation needed] However, it seems rather more likely that the Scandinavian placenames derive from Old Norse arnardalr 'eagle dell' or arindalr 'dwelling dell'. Similarly, the name of Arundel could just as well derive from Old English earndæl or ærndæl, meaning 'eagle dell' and 'dwelling dell' respectively.
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Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. It was founded by Roger de Montgomery on Christmas Day 1067. Roger became the first to hold the earldom of Arundel by the graces of William the Conqueror. The castle was damaged in the English Civil War and then restored in the 18th and 19th centuries.
From the 11th century onward, the castle has served as a hereditary stately home and has been in the family of the Duke of Norfolk for over 400 years. It is still the principal seat of the Norfolk family. It is a Grade I listed building.
Work started on Arundel Castle in 1067 during the reign of William the Conqueror as a fortification for the mouth of the River Arun and a defensive position for the surrounding land against invasion from France.[citation needed] The original structure was a motte and double bailey castle. Roger de Montgomery was declared the first Earl of Arundel as the King granted him the property as part of a much larger package of hundreds of manors. Roger was a cousin of William's and had stayed in Normandy to keep the peace there whilst William was off in England. He was rewarded for his loyalty with extensive lands in the Welsh Marches and across the country, together with one fifth of Sussex (Arundel Rape). (For other reasons, the generally accepted first creation of the title Earl of Arundel lies in the year 1138 with William d'Aubigny, confirmed in 1155.)
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Arundel Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Our Lady and St Philip Howard is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Arundel, West Sussex, England. Dedicated in 1873 as the Catholic parish church of Arundel, it was not designated a cathedral until the foundation of the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton in 1965. It now serves as the seat of the Bishop of Arundel and Brighton.
The Cathedral's location, construction, design, and dedication owe much to the Howard Family, who, as Dukes of Norfolk and Earls of Arundel are the most prominent English Catholic family, and rank first (below the royal family) in the Peerage of England. In 1868, forty years after the foundation of Roman Catholic parishes became again legal, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk commissioned architect Joseph Hansom to design a new Roman Catholic sanctuary as a suitable counterpart to Arundel Castle. The architectural style of the cathedral is French Gothic, a style that would have been popular between 1300 and 1400—the period in which the Howards and the Dukes of Norfolk rose to national prominence in England. The building is Grade I listed, and regarded as one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture in the country.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
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Bignor Roman Villa
Bignor Roman Villa is a large Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display on the Bignor estate in the English county of West Sussex. It is well-known for its high quality mosaic floors, which are some of the most complete and intricate in the country.
The villa is situated just north of the South Downs close to Stane Street, about 9 miles north-east of Chichester (the Roman city of Noviomagus Regentium) and the nearby and much larger Fishbourne Roman Palace. It is on the south-facing slope of a ridge of greensand which provided better conditions for agriculture than the nearby chalk; this fact and its proximity to Roman Chichester meant that the owners were able to become wealthy from farming.
George Tupper, a farmer, discovered the villa in 1811 when his plough hit a large stone. It was almost entirely excavated by John Hawkins who lived at nearby Bignor Park, and the antiquary, Samuel Lysons. Opened to the public in 1814, it rapidly became a tourist attraction, with nearly a thousand entries in the visitors' book in the first nine months.
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Billingshurst
Coordinates: 51°01′21″N 0°27′03″W / 51.0226°N 0.4508°W / 51.0226; -0.4508
Billingshurst is a village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies thirteen kilometres (8 miles) south-west of Horsham, and nine kilometres (5.6 miles) north-east of Pulborough.
Billingshurst is located on the A29 road (the Roman Stane Street), at a point where the A272 road forms a crossroads with the main road. The civil parish has a land area of 3,219 hectares (7,952 acres). In the 2001 census 6,531 people lived in 2,677 households, of whom 3,451 were economically active.
The village's name probably came from Anglo-Saxon Billinges hyrst = "Billa's son's wooded hill".
The village has a secondary school and a sixth form college, known together as The Weald School. Billingshurst Primary School (formerly two separate infant and junior schools, until a decision was taken in 2009 and implemented in 2010 to combine them into one) is situated near to The Weald.
The Weald School site contains a leisure centre with swimming pool and gym which is open to the public. A new sports area, Jubilee Fields, contains football pitches, two cricket pitches and pavilion, a fishing lake, and an exercise (trim trail) path. In the last year a new skatepark has also been added. Other facilities in the village include a tennis club and a lawn bowling club.
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Bognor Regis
Coordinates: 50°46′57″N 0°40′35″W / 50.78237°N 0.67639°W / 50.78237; -0.67639
Bognor Regis is a seaside resort town and civil parish in the Arun district of West Sussex, on the south coast of England. It is 55.5 miles (89 km) south-south-west of London, 24 miles (39 km) west of Brighton, and 6 miles (10 km) south-east of the city of Chichester. Other nearby towns include Littlehampton east-north-east and Selsey to the south-west. The nearby villages of Felpham, briefly home to the poet William Blake, and Aldwick are now suburbs of Bognor Regis, along with those of North and South Bersted.
Bognor is one of the oldest recorded Anglo-Saxon place names in Sussex. In a document of 680 AD it is referred to as Bucgan ora meaning Bucge's (a female Anglo-Saxon name) shore, or landing place.
Bognor Regis was originally named just "Bognor", being a fishing (and one time, smuggling) village until the 18th century, when it was converted into a resort by Sir Richard Hotham.
Bognor was a part of the ancient parish of South Bersted in the county of Sussex, attaining parish status separate from South Bersted in 1828. Until 1894 it formed part of the Hundred of Aldwick, an ancient division of Chichester Rape. From 1894 to 1974 it was part of Bognor Urban District (Bognor Regis Urban District from 1929), and since 1974 it has been a part of Arun District.
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Bosham
Coordinates: 50°49′44″N 0°51′34″W / 50.82894°N 0.85949°W / 50.82894; -0.85949
Bosham ( /ˈbɒzəm/) is a small coastal village and civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England, about 3 miles (4.8 km)) west of Chichester on an inlet of Chichester Harbour.
The parish has an area of 3,400 acres (1,400 ha). In the 2001 census 2,847 people lived in 1,313 households, of whom 1,358 were economically active.
Bosham is colloquially divided into two halves: Old Bosham and New Bosham. New Bosham constitutes the more developed northern half of the village, situated around the A259 road and the railway line. The village is served by Bosham railway station. It is sometimes referred to by its increasingly obsolete original name, Broadbridge. Old Bosham includes the remaining geographical protrusion to the south. This includes the site of the original village around Bosham Harbour, as well as the tracts of farmland and private property of Bosham Hoe. At high tide the sea comes right into the old village, flooding the lower road and several car parking spaces.
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Bramber Castle
Bramber Castle is a Norman motte-and-bailey castle in the village of Bramber, West Sussex overlooking the River Adur (grid reference TQ185107).
William De Braose constructed the castle c1070, along with the Norman church, on a natural mound and most of the surviving masonry dates from this time. Except for a period of confiscation during the reign of King John, Bramber Castle remained in the ownership of the De Braose family until the line died out in 1324. During Norman times the coastline would have been much further inland, and at high tide the water would have reached the castle walls.[citation needed]
Despite very little surviving, the basic layout of some areas of Bramber Castle can still be identified. The most prominent feature is a large, rugged lump of stone, all that remains of the Gatehouse tower. Still standing to almost its full height, a single window, and some floor joist holes, are clearly visible within the structure. Beyond the Gatehouse are the existing foundations of what is believed to have been living quarters and a guardhouse. The dressed pillars of an entrance can be made out, but the bulk of the remaining walls now consist of only the basic rough stone infil, the better quality dressing stone having long since been quarried away for use elsewhere. Lying to the north of the gatehouse is the original castle motte, its earthen mound rising to a height of some 30 ft (10 m). A short distance away is a section of the curtain wall and, again, this survives to a reasonable height, up to 10 ft (3 m) in places.
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Brighton
Coordinates: 50°50′35″N 0°07′53″W / 50.842941°N 0.1313120°W / 50.842941; -0.1313120
Brighton
i/ˈbraɪtən/ is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) in East Sussex, England on the south coast of Great Britain. For administrative purposes, Brighton and Hove is not part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, but remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex, within the historic county of Sussex.
The ancient settlement of Brighthelmstone dates from before Domesday Book (1086), but it emerged as a health resort featuring sea bathing during the 18th century and became a destination for day-trippers from London after the arrival of the railway in 1841. Brighton experienced rapid population growth, reaching a peak of over 160,000 by 1961. Modern Brighton forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation stretching along the coast, with a population of around 480,000.
Brighton has two universities and a medical school (which is operated jointly by both universities).
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Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort. The major part of the city consists of Brighton, with around 155,000 people of the total population of 251,000. Consequently, people usually refer to the city as just "Brighton". Brighton and Hove's urban area has a population of over 450,000 people. The city is famous for its history as a seaside town, and more recently for its reputation of having a large gay community. The city is also famous for its football team, Brighton & Hove Albion FC (commonly known as just "Brighton" or "Albion"). They currently play in the Football League Championship at the Amex Stadium, opened in 2011.
In 1997, the two large towns of Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000.
Brighton and Hove forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, the 12th largest conurbation in the United Kingdom. Along this area of the south coast, there is little or no gap of countryside between these large towns and city. Directly to the west is Southwick and then Shoreham-by-Sea, and a short distance to the east are Peacehaven and Newhaven. The city, district and urban areas of Brighton and Hove have the biggest populations in the South East England region.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃɪər/; archaically the County of Buckingham; abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe.
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire county, is divided into four districts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders Greater London (to the south east), Berkshire (to the south), Oxfordshire (to the west), Northamptonshire (to the north), Bedfordshire (to the north east) and Hertfordshire (to the east).
Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which limits development. It is the location of the nationally important Pinewood Studios and Dorney Lake, which will be holding the rowing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It is also well known for the new town of Milton Keynes and the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty.
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Burgess Hill
Coordinates: 50°57′13″N 0°07′34″W / 50.9535°N 0.1262°W / 50.9535; -0.1262
Burgess Hill is a civil parish and a town primarily located in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England, close to the border with East Sussex, on the edge of the South Downs National Park. Located 62 km (39 mi) south of London, 16 km (9.9 mi) north of Brighton and Hove, and 47 km (29 mi) east-northeast of the county town of Chichester, it occupies an area of 9.47 km2 (3.66 sq mi) and had a population of 28,803 at the time of the 2001 Census, making it the most populous parish in the district. Other nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the north east and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, to the south east.
Burgess Hill is predominantly situated just on the West Sussex side of the border dividing the two counties, although parts of the World's End district in the northeast are across the county boundary in the Lewes district of East Sussex.
Burgess Hill is twinned with Schmallenberg in Germany and Abbeville in France. It has recently achieved the status of being a Fairtrade Town. Burgess Hill Town Council was awarded the status of Town Council of the Year 2006.
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Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃər/ or /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃɪər/; also known, archaically, as the County of Cambridge; abbreviated Cambs.) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The principal settlement is the city of Cambridge. Modern Cambridgeshire was formed from the historic counties of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, together with the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough; it contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen.
Cambridgeshire is twinned with Kreis Viersen in Germany.
Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlements in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate and Balbridie.
Cambridgeshire was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Grantbridgeshire" (or rather Grentebrigescire) (cf the river Granta). Covering a large part of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire today is the result of several local government unifications. In 1888 when county councils were introduced, separate councils were set up, following the traditional division of Cambridgeshire, for
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Chanctonbury Ring
Chanctonbury Ring (known as Chanklebury in Sussex dialect) is a hill fort based ring of trees atop Chanctonbury Hill on the South Downs, on the border of the civil parishes of Washington and Wiston in the English county of West Sussex. A ridgeway, now part of the South Downs Way, runs along the hill. Bertrand Russell once remarked that "any view that includes Chanctonbury Ring is a good view".
A trig point is located about 400 metres (440 yd) west of the Ring, recorded by the Ordnance Survey as 238 metres (781 ft) above sea level. Although this was originally recorded as the top of Chanctonbury Hill and thus the Marilyn summit, recent measurements suggest that the area of the Ring is higher, about 242 metres (794 ft) above sea level.
There are two car parks at the base of the hill: to the north-east on Chanctonbury Ring Road off the A283 Washington Road, and to the west on Washington Bostal just off the A24 road. It is a very pleasant walk up to the top of the hill, with extensive views, particularly to the north as a result of the steep escarpment.
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Chichester
Coordinates: 50°50′11″N 0°46′45″W / 50.83652°N 0.77918°W / 50.83652; -0.77918
Chichester ( /ˈtʃɪtʃɨstə/; Sussex dialect: Chiddester /ˈtʃɪdɨstə/) is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
Chichester today is a local government stronghold, with three levels of government being administered there. It is also a transport hub, and the centre for culture in the region, with a Festival theatre and two art galleries. Nearby Chichester Harbour, together with the South Downs and the city walls, provide opportunities for outdoor pursuits.
The area around Chichester is believed to have played significant part during the Roman Invasion of A.D 43, as confirmed by evidence of military storage structures in the area of the nearby Fishbourne Roman Palace. The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum, capital of the Civitas Reginorum. The Roman road of Stane Street, connecting the city with London, started at the east gate, while the Chichester to Silchester road started from the north gate. The plan of the city is inherited from the Romans: the North, South, East and West shopping streets radiate from the central market cross dating from medieval times.
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Chichester Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, otherwise called Chichester Cathedral, is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Chichester. It is located in Chichester, in Sussex, England. It was founded as a cathedral in 1075, when the seat of the bishop was moved from Selsey.
Chichester Cathedral has fine architecture in both the Norman and the Gothic styles, and has been called by the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner "the most typical English Cathedral". Despite this, Chichester has two architectural features that are unique among England's medieval cathedrals—a free-standing medieval bell tower (or campanile) and double aisles. The cathedral contains two rare medieval sculptures, and many modern art works including tapestries, stained glass and sculpture, many of these commissioned by Dean Hussey.
The city of Chichester, though it retains two main cross streets laid out by the Romans, has always been small enough for the city's entire population to fit inside the cathedral at once, causing Daniel Defoe to comment:
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Cissbury Ring
Cissbury Ring is a hill fort on the South Downs, in the borough of Worthing, and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) from its town centre, in the English county of West Sussex.
It is the largest hill fort in Sussex, the second largest in England and one of the largest in Britain and Europe overall, covering some 60 acres (24 hectares). The earthworks that form the fortifications were built around the beginning of the Middle Iron-Age possibly around 250 BC but abandoned in the period 50 BC - 50 AD.
Long before the hill was fortified, flint mines were being excavated in the area. Some shafts went down as far as 40 feet (12 m). The shafts at Cissbury were excavated with antler picks, much like those at Grimes Graves and elsewhere. Flint was the common material for making stone axes for felling timber and working wood during the neolithic period.
The ditches and banks are the remains of a defensive wall that enclosed 65 acres (260,000 m2) of land; the inner band of the wall is over a mile around. The ditches are said to be as deep as three metres and were filled with loosened chalk and covered with timber palisade. The 600 foot (184 m) hill is open to the public. From the top, one is able to see to the west Selsey, Chichester Cathedral, the Spinnaker Tower and the Isle of Wight. To the east, one is able to see Brighton, the Seven Sisters and Beachy Head. Cissbury Ring is the highest point in the borough of Worthing.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
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Crawley
Crawley ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is 28 miles (45 km) south of Charing Cross, 18 miles (29 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 32 miles (51 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of 17.36 square miles (44.96 km2) and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald; its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought a passing trade, encouraging the development of coaching inns. It was connected to the railway network in the 1840s.
Gatwick Airport, now one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. After the Second World War, the British Government planned to move large numbers of people and jobs out of London and into new towns around South East England. The New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of one of these. A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town in a few decades.
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Crawley Down
Coordinates: 51°07′17″N 0°04′44″W / 51.1214°N 0.0788°W / 51.1214; -0.0788
Crawley Down is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. There is one church, one school, and a number of social groups. It lies seven miles from Gatwick Airport. Nearest railway stations are Three Bridges and East Grinstead. Crawley Down lies in the northeast corner of West Sussex, just one mile from the border with Surrey.
Crawley Down has a King George's Field in memorial to King George V.
Until 1967 the village was served by Grange Road railway station on the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line which closed as a result of the Beeching Axe in 1967. The old track bed has been revitalised as a linear Country Park called the Worth Way which now offers a haven for wildlife and valued trail for walkers, cyclists and horse riders.
Crawley Down has a Non-League football club Crawley Down F.C. who play at The Haven Sportsfield, .
Crawley Down weather station is a privately run weather station uploading data to the net every 10 minutes.[1]
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Cuckfield
Coordinates: 51°00′20″N 0°08′26″W / 51.0055°N 0.1406°W / 51.0055; -0.1406
Cuckfield is a large village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England, on the southern slopes of the Weald. It lies 34 miles (55 km) south of London, 13 miles (21 km) north of Brighton, and 31 miles (50 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the southeast and Burgess Hill to the south. It is surrounded on some sides by Cuckfield Rural.
Before the modern local government system came in to operation in the late 19th century it was described as being in the hundred of Buttinghill, in the rape of Lewes. The civil parish covers an area of 431.58 ha (1066 acres), and had a population of 3,266 persons in the 2001 census.
The origin of the name, Cuckfield (earlier spelled Kukefeld, Cucufeld, and Cucufelda), is debated but it is generally associated with the cuckoo which is the village emblem. The name is pronounced with a long 'u' sound, and does not rhyme with the nearby town of Uckfield which is pronounced with a short 'u' sound).
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Dorset
Dorset (
/ˈdɔrsɨt/) (or archaically, Dorsetshire), is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The ceremonial county comprises the area covered by the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, together with the unitary authorities of Poole and Bournemouth. Dorset covers an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi); it borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. Around half of Dorset's population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
The county has a long history of human settlement and some notable archaeology, including the hill forts of Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. A large defensive ditch, Bokerley Dyke, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset for up to 150 years. In 1348 the black death came ashore at Melcombe Regis and spread throughout England, killing a third of the population. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: the first trade union was formed by farm labourers from Tolpuddle in 1834, the Glorious Revolution was instigated in an ice-house at Charborough Park, and the Duke of Monmouth and his rebels landed at Lyme Regis. During the English Civil War (1642–1651) angry yokels fought with Cromwell's forces near Shaftesbury. The naval base at Portland has had a pivotal role in the nation's defence for many years, and with Weymouth and Poole was one of the main embarkation points on D-Day.
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East Grinstead
Coordinates: 51°07′44″N 0°00′25″W / 51.129°N 0.007°W / 51.129; -0.007
East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) north northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Eastbourne Redoubt
Eastbourne Redoubt is a fort on what is now Royal Parade, Eastbourne, East Sussex, England.
The Redoubt was built between 1804 and 1810 to support the associated Martello towers in defending against the threat of an invasion by Napoleon. It has defended the Eastbourne coast for nearly 200 years. Like its twin Dymchurch Redoubt it was built as a barracks and supply depot for the towers, and designed for 11 guns, although only 10 guns were installed. During the First World War the Redoubt was used by the military police as a headquarters and temporary jail. Following this, the Redoubt was purchased by Eastbourne Borough Council for £150 with the plan to turn it into a venue for leisure activities. During the Second World War the building was requisitioned by the army to be used for storage. Canadian troops also spent time there in the build up to the D-Day landings. After the war, the Redoubt was home to a model village (miniature park) and an aquarium. The model village was vandalised in the 1970s, and the aquarium closed in 1996.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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English Channel
The English Channel (French: la Manche, Breton: Mor Breizh, Cornish: Mor Bretannek), often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km (350 mi) long and varies in width from 240 km (150 mi) at its widest to 34 km (21 mi) in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi).
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the English Channel as follows:
On the West. A line joining Isle Vierge (48°38′23″N 4°34′13″W / 48.63972°N 4.57028°W / 48.63972; -4.57028) to Lands End (50°04′N 5°43′W / 50.067°N 5.717°W / 50.067; -5.717).
On the East. The Southwestern limit of the North Sea.
The IHO defines the southwestern limit of the North Sea as "a line joining the Walde Lighthouse (France, 1°55'E) and Leathercoat Point (England, 51°10'N)". The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km east of Calais (50°59′06″N 1°55′00″E / 50.985°N 1.9166667°E / 50.985; 1.9166667), and Leathercoat Point is at the north end of St Margaret's Bay, Kent (51°10′00″N 1°24′00″E / 51.1666667°N 1.4°E / 51.1666667; 1.4).
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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.
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Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is located 3.1 mi (5.0 km) north of the centre of Crawley,West Sussex, and 29.5 mi (47.5 km) south of Central London. Also known as London Gatwick, it is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. Furthermore, Gatwick is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights and has the world's busiest single-use runway averaging 52 aircraft movements an hour. Its two terminals – North and South – cover an area of 810,000 sq ft (75,000 m2) and 1,300,000 sq ft (120,000 m2) respectively.
In 2011, over 33.6 million passengers passed through Gatwick.
Charter airlines generally prefer Gatwick over Heathrow as a base for London and the South East of England. From 1978 to 2008, many flights to and from the United States used Gatwick because of restrictions on the use of Heathrow implemented in the Bermuda II agreement between the UK and the US.. Under the agreement Heathrow allowed the right for only two US carrier and two UK carrier to serve flights to the United States. Currently, US Airways is the only US carrier that still serves Gatwick from the US. The airport is a base for scheduled operators Aer Lingus, British Airways (BA), EasyJet, Flybe, Monarch Airlines and Virgin Atlantic, as well as charter airlines including Thomas Cook Airlines and Thomson Airways. Gatwick is unique amongst London's airports in having a significant airline presence representing each of the three main airline business models: full service, low/no frills and charter. As of January 2011, these respectively accounted for 37, 51 and 12% of total passenger traffic.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Goodwood Circuit
Goodwood Circuit is an historic venue for both two- and four-wheeled motorsport in the United Kingdom. The 2.4 mile circuit is situated near Chichester, West Sussex, close to the south coast of England, on the estate of Goodwood House, and completely encircles Chichester/Goodwood Airport. This is the racing circuit dating from 1948, not to be confused with the separate hillclimb course located at Goodwood House and first used in 1936.
The racing circuit began life as the perimeter track of RAF Westhampnett airfield, which was constructed during World War II as a relief airfield for RAF Tangmere. The first race meeting took place on 18 September 1948, organised by the Junior Car Club and sanctioned by the Duke of Richmond and Gordon. The winner of the first race was P. de F. C. Pycroft, in his 2,664 c.c. Pycroft-Jaguar, at 66.42 m.p.h.Stirling Moss won the 500cc race (later to become Formula 3), followed by Eric Brandon and "Curly" Dryden, all in Coopers.
Goodwood became famous for its nine-hour endurance races run in 1952, 1953 and 1955, and the Tourist Trophy, run here 1958-1964. The cars that raced in those events can be seen recreating (in shorter form) the endurance races at the Goodwood Revival each year in the Sussex trophy and the Royal Automobile Club Tourist Trophy (RAC TT).
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Goodwood House
Goodwood House is a country house in West Sussex in southern England. It is the seat of the Dukes of Richmond. Several architects have contributed to the design of the house, including James Wyatt. It was the intention to build the house to a unique octagonal layout, but only three of the eight sides were built. Some of the older parts of the house also survive, although some sections were demolished in the mid 20th century. The house has opulent neo-classical interiors and is open to the public on a limited number of days per year. It is also available to hire for weddings and corporate events.
The surrounding Goodwood Estate is a major sport and leisure venue featuring Goodwood Racecourse, home of the Glorious Goodwood flatracing festival, which is one of the highlights of the English social season; Chichester/Goodwood Airport and Goodwood Circuit; and the Goodwood Park Hotel, Golf and Country Club. The immediate grounds of the house also play host to the annual Goodwood Festival of Speed, which has rapidly become a major event in the diary of all fans, participants and companies associated with motor racing. The Rolls-Royce Motor Cars manufacturing plant and global headquarters is located on the south end of Goodwood Estate.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Hampshire
Hampshire (i/ˈhæmpʃɪər/ or /ˈhæmpʃər/; abbreviated Hants) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the former capital city of England. Hampshire is the most populous ceremonial county in the United Kingdom and if excluding newly formed metropolitan counties such as the West Midlands, Hampshire would be the most populous county in the whole of the United Kingdom. Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. The ceremonial county borders Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, and West Sussex to the east. The southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and The Solent.
Hampshire is the largest county in South East England and the third largest shire county in the United Kingdom despite losing more land than any other English county during the Local Government Act 1972 boundary changes. At its greatest size in 1889, Hampshire was the fifth largest county in England. It now has an overall area of 3,700 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi), and measures approximately 86 kilometres (53 mi) east–west and 76 kilometres (47 mi) north–south.
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Handcross
Coordinates: 51°03′13″N 0°12′02″W / 51.05356°N 0.20044°W / 51.05356; -0.20044
Handcross is a village in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A23 road 4.2 miles (6.8 km) south of Crawley.
Nymans Garden, 30 acres (120,000 m2) of parklands run by the National Trust, is near to Handcross, as are 20 acres (81,000 m2) of woodland and water gardens at High Beeches Garden.
Handcross has two public houses, The Red Lion (High Street) which was refurbished in 2010 in contemporary style, and The Royal Oak (Horsham Road), which is a more traditional "English" pub, offering home cooked food and cask ales. Handcross also boasts a Social club, serving the community.
Handcross Hill is a stretch of the A23 road which runs past the village. This part of dual carriageway is notorious for accidents due to it being on a steep gradient, being surrounded by trees and containing a number of sharp bends, those being unsuitable for a road of its type. The hill has proved to be dangerous enough to be straightened by the Highways Agency and the cutting of the surrounding trees began overnight in mid 2011.
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Hassocks
Coordinates: 50°55′24″N 0°09′03″W / 50.923303°N 0.150863°W / 50.923303; -0.150863
Hassocks is a large village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. Its name is believed to derive from the tufts of grass found in the surrounding fields.
Located approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Brighton, with a population of 6,821, the area now occupied by Hassocks was just a collection of small houses and a coaching house until the 19th century, when work started on the London to Brighton railway. Hassocks until 2000 was just a postal district and prior to that the name of the railway station. The Parishes were Clayton and Keymer, it is believed that when the railway came in 1841 the Parish Councils were given the opportunity of naming the station. But they could not agree and eventually the directors of the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway gave up waiting and named the station Hassocks Gate themselves.
The area first became a centre of population around 20,000 years ago during the Stone Age[citation needed]]. These people were mostly nomadic until approximately 5,000 years ago. Around this time, the first farmers settled on and around the South Downs, a mile to the south of the village. They travelled from the continent, bringing with them various types of farming livestock.[citation needed] Evidence of their existence has been found in the form of tools and dwellings around Stonepound Crossroads and in the Parklands area.
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Haywards Heath
Coordinates: 51°00′17″N 0°05′52″W / 51.0048°N 0.0979°W / 51.0048; -0.0979
Haywards Heath is a town in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, within the historic county of Sussex, England. It lies 36 miles (58 km) south of London, 12 miles (19 km) north of Brighton, 15 miles (24 km) south of Gatwick Airport and 31 miles (50 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the southwest, Horsham to the northwest, Crawley north-northwest and East Grinstead north-northeast. Being a commuter town, many of the residents commute daily via rail to London, Brighton, Crawley or Gatwick for work.
The name Hayward comes from Old English meaning an official who protected hedged enclosures from wandering livestock. There is a local legend that the name comes from a highwayman who went under the name of Jack but this is almost definitely apocryphal.
Haywards Heath gets a mention in English Civil War records. Early in December 1642 the High Sheriff of Sussex (Sir Edward Ford) advanced with Royalist troops towards Lewes in East Sussex from Chichester in West Sussex. He was intercepted in Haywards Heath by local Parliamentarians and defeated. Haywards Heath as a settlement is a relatively modern development. Following the arrival of the London & Brighton Railway in 1841, its size has increased considerably. Haywards Heath railway station opened on 12 July 1841 and served as the southern terminus of the line until the completion of Brighton station on 21 September. The position of Haywards Heath, and its place on both this railway and near the main road (A23) between London and Brighton, enables it to function as a commuter town, with many residents working in London, Brighton, Crawley and Gatwick Airport.
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Henfield
Coordinates: 50°55′57″N 0°16′20″W / 50.93248°N 0.27221°W / 50.93248; -0.27221
Henfield is a large village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies 33 miles (53 km) south of London, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Brighton, and 30 miles (48 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester at the road junction of the A281 and A2037. The parish has a land area of 4,285 acres (1,734.1 ha). In the 2001 census 5,012 people lived in 2,153 households, of whom 2,361 were economically active. Other nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the east and Shoreham-by-Sea to the south.
Just west of the town, the two branches of the River Adur, the western Adur and the eastern Adur, meet at Betley Bridge. From Henfield the Adur flows on into the English Channel at Shoreham-by-Sea.
One of the largest village communities in the Horsham district, Henfield has an old and attractive centre.
It has a modern and intensely used village hall just off the High Street, the 13th-century St Peter's church, old inns, a wide and attractive common, and many interesting houses in private ownership.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Horsham
Coordinates: 51°03′43″N 0°19′30″W / 51.062°N 0.325°W / 51.062; -0.325
Horsham is a market town with a population of 55,657 (2008)[citation needed] on the upper reaches of the River Arun in the centre of the Weald, West Sussex, in the historic County of Sussex, England. The town is 31 miles (50 km) south south-west of London, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of Brighton and 26 miles (42 km) north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the north-east and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the south-east. It is the administrative and market centre of Horsham District Council area.
The first historical record of Horsham is from AD 947. The name either originates from "Horse Ham", meaning a place where horses were kept, or "Horsa's Ham", named for a Saxon warrior who was granted land in the area.
The town has historically been known for horse trading in early medieval times, iron and brick making up until the 20th century, and brewing more recently.
Horsham is the largest town in the Horsham District Council area. The second tier of local government is by West Sussex County Council, based in Chichester. In addition there are various Parish Councils.
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Hurstpierpoint
Coordinates: 50°56′00″N 0°11′07″W / 50.933288°N 0.185339°W / 50.933288; -0.185339
Hurstpierpoint is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. Together with Sayers Common it forms one of the Mid Sussex civil parishes, with an area of 2029.88 ha and a population of 6,264 persons.
It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Burgess Hill, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of the nearest railway station at Hassocks, from where Brighton and London are approximately 10 minutes and one hour away respectively. There is also an hourly bus service to Haywards Heath.
The name derives from 'Hurst', the Saxon name for a wood, and 'Pierpoint' after the de Pierpoint family who arrived with William the Conqueror in 1066. The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday Book. Throughout the centuries there have been several variants on the Hurstpierpoint name e.g. Herst (11th century); Herstperpunt (14th century); Perpondesherst (15th century).
The village is chiefly one long street running east and west and most of the buildings in it are of the 18th century or later.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Lancing College
Lancing College is a co-educational English independent school in the British public school tradition, founded in 1848 by Nathaniel Woodard. Woodard's aim was to provide education "based on sound principle and sound knowledge, firmly grounded in the Christian faith." Lancing was the first of a family of more than 30 schools founded by Woodard (others include Hurstpierpoint College, Ardingly College, Bloxham School and Worksop College).
Typical of major independent schools, Lancing places emphasis on what might be described as tradition — Anglican Christianity (chapel attendance is compulsory for all pupils), and sport (notably football, Eton fives, squash, tennis, hockey and cricket).
The school is based in 550 acres (2.2 km2) of countryside in West Sussex, east of Worthing near the village of Lancing, on the south coast of England. The college is situated on a hill which is part of the South Downs, and the campus dominates the local landscape. The college overlooks the River Adur and the Ladywell Stream, a holy well or sacred stream within the College grounds has pre-Christian significance.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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Littlehampton
Coordinates: 50°48′34″N 0°32′27″W / 50.80938°N 0.54089°W / 50.80938; -0.54089
Littlehampton is a seaside resort town and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England, on the east bank at the mouth of the River Arun. It lies 51.5 miles (83 km) south southwest of London, 17.5 miles (28 km) west of Brighton and 11 miles (18 km) east of the county town of Chichester.
The parish covers an area of 11.35 km2 (4 sq mi) and has a population of 25,593 (2001 census).The Sub-Urban Area of the town has a population of approx 55,000. The conurbation includes other settlements: Wick in the north west; Lyminster to the north; and Rustington to the east. Wick and Toddington became part of the town in 1901. Nearby towns include Bognor Regis west southwest and Worthing to the east. The town is also the westernmost settlement of the 12th largest urban area in the UK, the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, a region encompassing some 461,181 people (2001 census).
A human settlement at Littlehampton can be traced back to prehistoric and Roman times, while it appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the small hamlet of 'Hantone'. The settlement is believed to have been a fishing community around this time, appearing on a French map in around 1100 as 'Hanton'. The settlement is then believed to have been given to the Abbey of St Martin de Seez in Normandy, who owned Littlehampton until around 1400. The area then passed back to the ownership of successive Earls of Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk, whose successors still reside in Arundel today. Littlehampton began to develop as a port as a result of constant silting of the River Arun, perhaps leading to the prefix of 'Little' being added to 'Hampton', in order to distinguish it from the larger Southampton further along the coast. The expansion of port activities led to a new river mouth being cut in 1735, alongside the building of a wooden harbour.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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M23 motorway
The M23 motorway is a motorway in the United Kingdom. The motorway runs from south of Hooley in Surrey, where it splits from the A23, to Pease Pottage, south of Crawley in West Sussex where it rejoins the A23. The northern end of the motorway starts at junction 7 on what is effectively a 2-mile (3.2 km) spur north from junction 7 of the M25 motorway (junction 8 on the M23). From Hooley it runs for 17 miles (27 km) past Redhill, Gatwick Airport and Crawley. A spur runs from junction 9 to Gatwick Airport.
The M23 was planned to relieve congestion on the A23 through Streatham, Thornton Heath, Purley and Coulsdon in south London and was originally intended to terminate in Streatham Vale at a junction with the controversial London Ringways Plan's Ringway 2 (the intended replacement of the South Circular Road (A205)).
In an earlier version of the Ringways Plan it would have continued into central London where it would have met the Balham Loop spur from Ringway 1 (the London Motorway Box) at Tooting. This was dropped in 1967 when the northern terminus was changed to Ringway 2.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Mid Sussex
Mid Sussex is a local government district in the English county of West Sussex. It contains the towns of East Grinstead, Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill.
The district was created on 1 April 1974, and replaced the urban districts of Cuckfield, Burgess Hill, and East Grinstead and nearly all of Cuckfield Rural. These districts had previously been under East Sussex.
The district borders the Tandridge district of Surrey to the north, Lewes district and Wealden district to the east, and Brighton and Hove to the south, all in East Sussex, and Horsham district and Crawley to the west and northwest respectively, both of which are in West Sussex.
Within the Mid Sussex District are the following civil parishes:
The parliamentary constituency of Mid Sussex covers most (but not all) of the district, and is held by the Conservative Party. The incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) is Nicholas Soames, the grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, and a former junior minister in the Government of John Major (1990–97). In the 2005 general election, Nicholas Soames held the seat with 48.0% of the popular vote, a 1.8% increase; the Liberal Democrat candidate Ms Serena Tierney took 36.1% of votes, a 5.0% increase; the Labour Party candidate Robert Fromant received 12.7% of the vote, a 6.1% decrease; and the United Kingdom Independence Party candidate Harold Piggott received 3.2%, a 0.7% increase. The turnout for Mid Sussex was 68.6% (49,494 people voted) up 3.7% from 2001.
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Midhurst
Coordinates: 50°59′06″N 0°44′24″W / 50.985°N 0.740°W / 50.985; -0.740
Midhurst ( /ˈmɪd.hɜrst/; Sussex dialect: Medhas /ˈmɛd.həs/) is a market town and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England, with a population of 4,889 in 2001. The town is situated on the River Rother and is home to the ruin of the Tudor Cowdray House and the stately Victorian Cowdray Park. Country Life magazine rated Midhurst the second best town in England.
In the United Kingdom Census 2001 the parish covered 333 hectares and had 2,327 households with a total population of 4,889 of which 2,258 residents were economically active. In 1831 the population was 1,478; and 1,536 in 1841.
Formerly standing within the grounds of Midhurst Castle, the parish church of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Denys was mentioned in 1291 and later in 1367 as standing, "in a place called Courtgene". The interior of the church has undergone much restoration and change and little evidence exists of its medieval heritage. Consisting of chancel and nave flanked by aisles on both sides, the church was largely rebuilt in the Perpendicular style in 1422, towards the end of Henry V's reign.
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Norfolk
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfək/) is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The city of Norwich is the county town at Norfolk which is fifth largest ceremonial county in England, with an area of 5,371 km² (2,074 sq mi).
Of the 34 non-metropolitan English counties, Norfolk is the seventh most populous, with a population of 850,800 (mid 2008). However, as a largely rural county it has a low population density, 155 people per square kilometre (or 401 per square mile). Norfolk has about one-thirtieth the population density of central London, the tenth lowest density county in the country, with 38% of the county’s population living in the four major built up areas of Norwich (195,000), Great Yarmouth (67,000), King's Lynn (41,000) and Thetford (22,000).The Broads, a well known network of rivers and lakes, is located towards the county's east coast, bordering Suffolk. The area has the status of a National Park and is protected by the Broads Authority. Historical sites, such as those in the centre of Norwich, also contribute to tourism.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Nymans
Nymans, Handcross, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, is an English garden developed by three generations of the Messel family, from the late 19th century, and brought to renown by Col. Leonard C.R. Messel. Nymans, since 1953 a National Trust property, is the origin of many sports, selections and hybrids, both planned and serendipitous, some of which can be identified by the term nymanensis, "of Nymans". Eucryphia × nymansensis (E. cordifolia × E. glutinosa) is also known as E. "Nymansay". Magnolia × loebneri 'Leonard Messel', Camellia 'Maud Messel' and Forsythia suspensa 'Nymans', with its bronze young stems, are all familiar shrub to gardeners.
In the late 19th century, Ludwig Messel, a member of an unusually creative German family settled in England family, bought the Nymans estate, a house set in 600 acres on a sloping site overlooking the picturesque High Weald of Sussex, to make a setting for family life and entertainments, with Arts and Crafts-inspired "garden room" planning where topiary features contrast with new plants from temperate zones around the world. Messel's head gardener from 1895 was James Comber, whose expertise helped form plant collections at Nymans of camellias, rhododendrons, which here, unusually at the time, were combined with plantings of heather (Erica) eucryphias and magnolias. William Robinson advised in establishing the Wild Garden.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Pagham Harbour
Pagham Harbour is a natural harbour on England's south coast. It is south of the city of Chichester and near the towns of Pagham and Selsey.
Geographically it is the smallest and most easterly of the harbours of the Solent.
Its importance for wildlife has seen it designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest, a Special Protection Area and a Ramsar site. Its shingle spit is further designated a Geological Conservation Review site. In spring or autumn rare migratory birds can often be seen. Pagham Harbour Local Nature Reserve covers 1,450 acres (6 km2) of salt marsh, mudflats, farmland, copses, lagoons, reed beds and shingle beaches.
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Petworth
Coordinates: 50°59′10″N 0°36′32″W / 50.986°N 0.609°W / 50.986; -0.609
Petworth is a small town and civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. It is located at the junction of the A272 east-west road from Heathfield to Winchester and the A283 Milford to Shoreham-by-Sea road. Some twelve miles (21 km) to the south west of Petworth along the A285 road lies Chichester and the south-coast. The parish includes the settlements of Byworth and Hampers Green and covers an area of 2,690 hectares (6,644 acres). In 2001 the population of the parish was 2,775 persons living in 1,200 households of whom 1326 were economically active.
The town is mentioned in Domesday Book. It is best known as the location of the stately home Petworth House, the grounds of which (known as Petworth Park) are the work of Capability Brown. The house and its grounds are now owned and maintained by the National Trust.
In the early 17th century, the question of Petworth's status as an honour or a town came up when the Attorney General charged William Levett of Petworth, Gent., son of Anthony Levett, with "having unlawfully usurped divers privileges within the town of Petworth, which was parcel of the Honour of Arundel." William Levett's son Nicholas became rector of Westbourne, West Sussex.
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Petworth House
Petworth House in Petworth, West Sussex, England, is a late 17th-century mansion, rebuilt in 1688 by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and altered in the 1870s by Anthony Salvin. The site was previously occupied by a fortified manor house founded by Henry de Percy, the 13th-century chapel and undercroft of which still survive.
Today's building houses an important collection of paintings and sculptures, including 19 oil paintings by J. M. W. Turner (some owned by the family, some by Tate Britain), who was a regular visitor to Petworth, paintings by Van Dyck, carvings by Grinling Gibbons and Ben Harms, classical and neoclassical sculptures (including ones by John Flaxman and John Edward Carew), and wall and ceiling paintings by Louis Laguerre. There is also a terrestrial globe by Emery Molyneux, believed to be the only one in the world in its original 1592 state.
It stands in a 283-hectare (700-acre) landscaped park, known as Petworth Park, which was designed by 'Capability' Brown. The park is one of the more famous in England, largely on account of a number of pictures of it which were painted by Turner. It is inhabited by the largest herd of fallow deer in England. There is also a 12-hectare (30-acre) woodland garden, known as the Pleasure Ground.
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Pulborough
Coordinates: 50°58′N 0°31′W / 50.96°N 0.51°W / 50.96; -0.51
Pulborough is a large village and civil parish in the Horsham district of West Sussex, England, with some 5,000 inhabitants. It is located almost centrally within West Sussex and is 50 miles (80 km) south west of London. It is at the junction of the north-south A29 and the east-west (A283) roads.
The village is near the confluence of the River Arun and the River Rother. It looks southwards over the broad flood plain of the tidal Arun to a backdrop of the South Downs. It is on the northern boundary of the newly established South Downs National Park.
The parish covers an area of 2,098 hectares (5,183 acres). In the 2001 census there were 4,685 people living in 1,976 households of whom 2,333 were economically active.
Historically, it was a fording place over the River Arun used by the Romans, who had a mansio across the river at Hardham, one day's march from Chichester on the London road, Stane Street. The Saxons bridged the River Arun here and at nearby Stopham, north of its confluence with the River Rother. It became an important watering and overnight halt for cattle drovers providing easy access to water.
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River Adur
The Adur is a river in Sussex, England; it gives its name to the Adur district of West Sussex. The river was formerly navigable for large vessels up as far as Steyning, where there was a large port, but over time the river valley became silted up and the port moved down to the deeper waters nearer the mouth in Shoreham-by-Sea.
The Adur begins as two separate branches, the western Adur and the eastern Adur, which meet just west of Henfield at Betley Bridge.
The western Adur rises at Slinfold from where it flows around Coolham and then through Shipley, where it meets Lancing Brook and flows on to West Grinstead and Knepp Castle. The western Adur is tidal as far north as Bines Bridge near Bines Green, south of West Grinstead.
The eastern Adur rises at Ditchling Common, in East Sussex, from where it crosses into West Sussex and meets another major stream at Twineham. At Shermanbury, the eastern Adur is fed by the Cowfold Stream. The Normal Tidal Limit is just below this at the footbridge near Shermanbury Church although a weir just above the confluence with the Western Adur means that only the highest tides reach here. Up to the early 1800s boats could navigate to Mock Bridge where the A281 crosses the Adur.
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River Arun
The Arun is a river in the English county of West Sussex. Its source is a series of small streams (known locally as ghylls or gills) in the St Leonard's Forest area, to the east of Horsham. It flows through Horsham to the west and at Nowhurst is joined by North River (aka River Ockle), whose source is the heights of Leith Hill and Holmbury Hill in Surrey[citation needed].
It flows through Arundel and past the castle, and flows into the English Channel at Littlehampton. Its main tributary is the western River Rother. The Arun local government district in West Sussex is named after it. The river runs for approximately 41 km (25 mi) from source to the sea, and is one of the faster flowing in England[citation needed]. The river is tidal as far inland as Pallingham Quay, 18.25 miles upstream from Littlehampton.[citation needed]
As early as 150 AD, the Arun was recorded as the Trisantonis in Ptolemy's Geography, with later records substantiating the connection. Trisantonis is thought to be a Brythonic word for 'the trespasser', indicating the river's tendency to flood land near to the river. There is also a theory that the Arun may have been known as the Trisantonis in its lower reaches close to the sea, but known as the Arnus (from the Brythonic 'Arno' meaning run or flow). So the Arnus would mean 'the flowing one'. It is possible that the town of Arundel may mean Arno-dell, or dell of the flowing river. In the Middle Ages the river was known as the Tarrant, evidenced by Tarrant Street in modern Arundel, later becoming known as the Arun after the town or the Rape of Arundel[citation needed].
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Rustington
Coordinates: 50°48′37″N 0°30′19″W / 50.81019°N 0.50521°W / 50.81019; -0.50521
Rustington is a seaside resort and civil parish near Littlehampton in West Sussex. Rustington is centrally situated on the West Sussex coast almost midway between the cathedral city of Chichester and Brighton. For local government purposes, it forms part of the Arun district of the administrative county of West Sussex. Officially a village with its own parish council, Rustington is larger than this implies. The A259 runs through the north of the village, westward to Littlehampton, Bognor Regis and Chichester, and east to Worthing and Brighton.
It has expanded considerably in the last few years[when?], with extensive new housing developments, which have altered its original character. With a population of 12,676 in 2001, it has the size and facilities of a small town, including a shopping area with several chain stores. It is in the Worthing West parliamentary constituency and its current MP is Peter Bottomley. It is served by Angmering railway station. The parish of Rustington includes the hamlet of West Preston.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Sackville College
Sackville College is a Jacobean almshouse in town of East Grinstead, West Sussex, England.
It was founded in 1609 with money left by Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset. Throughout its history it has provided sheltered accommodation for the elderly.
Robert Sackville left £1,000 for the building and a rent charge of £330, for the endowment of a 'hospital or college' for twenty-one poor men and ten poor women, to be under the patronage and government of his heirs. This may have been an imitation of Emanuel College, Westminster, founded by his aunt, Anne Fiennes, Lady Dacre. The building of the almshouse known as 'Sackville College for the Poor' at East Grinstead was commenced about 1616 by the executors, his brother-in-law, Lord William Howard, and Sir George Rivers of Chafford. It was occupied before 1622.
Most of the Sackville lands were soon alienated by the founder's son, and the buyers refused to acknowledge the estate's liability to the college. On 6 July 1631 the poor inmates received a charter of incorporation, but their revenues were still irregularly paid. But in 1700, after long litigation, a reduced rent charge was imposed on the Sackville estates on behalf of the college, and the number of inmates reduced to twelve, with a warden. The college buildings were restored in the nineteenth century by the Countess Amherst and the Countess De la Warr.
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Seaford College
Seaford College is an independent co-educational boarding and day-school located at East Lavington, south of Petworth, West Sussex, England. The College was founded in 1884, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The college sits in the Lavington Park, in nearly 400 acres (1.6 km2) in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the shadow of the South Downs. All of the land is owned by a charitable trust and the site is run by the Board of Governors who are the trustees.
The College was founded at Corsica Hall, Seaford on the East Sussex coast, in 1884 by Colonel Frederick Walter Savage, who also served as headmaster from 1884 until 1920. In 1940, the College was disrupted by a government order requisitioning all boarding school premises in Seaford and giving only six weeks in which to find a safe home elsewhere. The College was evacuated to Worthing for the duration of World War II, and once peace had resumed, the new Headmaster Canon Charles Johnson began to look for a more suitable site, the College having outgrown its original premises in Seaford. In 1946 the decision was made to buy the estate at Lavington Park and the school moved to its current location. As of the academic year 2008/09 Senior School day fees are approximately £15,000 per year, with Senior School boarding fees approximately £20,000, though a number of bursaries and scholarships are available.
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Selsey
Coordinates: 50°44′06″N 0°47′23″W / 50.73502°N 0.78977°W / 50.73502; -0.78977
Selsey is a seaside town and civil parish, about eight miles (12 km) south of Chichester, in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. Selsey lies at the southernmost point of the Manhood Peninsula, almost cut off from mainland Sussex by the sea. It is bounded to the west by Bracklesham Bay, to the north by Broad Rife (rife being the local word for stream or creek), to the east by Pagham Harbour and terminates in the south at Selsey Bill. There are significant rock formations beneath the sea off both of its coasts, named the Owers rocks and Mixon rocks. Coastal erosion has been an ever present problem for Selsey.
There is only one road (the B2145) in and out of the town which briefly becomes a bridge at a point known as "the ferry", crossing the water inlet at Pagham Harbour. At one time Selsey was inaccessible at flood tide, and a boat was stationed at the ferry to take horses and passengers to and from Sidlesham.
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Selsey Bill
Coordinates: 50°43′22″N 0°47′17″W / 50.722672°N 0.787992°W / 50.722672; -0.787992
Coordinates: 50°43′22″N 0°47′17″W / 50.722672°N 0.787992°W / 50.722672; -0.787992
Selsey Bill is a headland into the English Channel on the south coast of England in the county of West Sussex.
The southern most town in Sussex is Selsey which is at the end of the Selsey (or Manhood) Peninsula and Selsey Bill is situated on the towns southern coastline. It is the easternmost point of Bracklesham Bay and the westernmost point of the Sussex Coast.
Although the place name Selsey has existed since Saxon times, and is derived from the Old English meaning Seal's Island, there is no evidence to suggest that the place name Selsey Bill is particularly old. A report for the Royal Navy in 1698 by Dummer and Wiltshaw mentioned Selsey Island but not Selsey Bill.'
The place name does not appear to have been used before the early 18th century when it started appearing on maps; it is possible that the idea was taken from Portland Bill, another headland, on the western side of the Solent.
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Shoreham Airport
Shoreham Airport (IATA: ESH, ICAO: EGKA), also known as Shoreham (Brighton City) Airport, owned by Albemarle Shoreham Airport Limited following the sale of the airport by Brighton & Hove City Council and Worthing Borough Council in July 2006, is an airport located 1 NM (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) west of Shoreham-by-Sea at Lancing in the Adur district of West Sussex, England. Founded in 1910, it is the oldest airport in the UK. It is situated immediately to the south of the A27 road, between Brighton and Worthing, and immediately to the north of the West Coastway railway line.
Shoreham has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P884) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
The first avaiator to fly there was Harold Piffard in 1910; a memorial garden celebrates his flight. The aerodrome was officially opened on 20 June 1911. The first flying school opened in 1913.
During the First World War the aerodrome was used by the Royal Flying Corps. It was the departure point for the very first Flight (Blériots and BEs) to join the conflict across the Channel.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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South Downs
The South Downs is a range of chalk hills that extends for about 260 square miles (670 km2) across the south-eastern coastal counties of England from the Itchen Valley of Hampshire in the west to Beachy Head, near Eastbourne, East Sussex, in the east. It is bounded on its northern side by a steep escarpment, from whose crest there are extensive views northwards across the Weald. The South Downs National Park forms a much larger area than the chalk range of the South Downs and includes large parts of the Weald.
The South Downs is characterised by rolling chalk downland with close-cropped turf and dry valleys, and is recognised as one of the most important chalk landscapes in England. It is one of the four main areas of chalk downland in southern England.
The South Downs is relatively unpopulated, although in Sussex there has been large-scale urban encroachment onto the chalk downland by major seaside resorts, including most notably Brighton and Hove.
The South Downs has been inhabited since ancient times and at periods the area has supported a large population, particularly during Romano-British times. There is a rich heritage of historical features and archaeological remains, including defensive sites, burial mounds and field boundaries. Within the South Downs Environmentally Sensitive Area there are thirty-seven Sites of Special Scientific Interest, including large areas of chalk grassland.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Southwater
Coordinates: 51°01′26″N 0°21′09″W / 51.02379°N 0.35256°W / 51.02379; -0.35256
Southwater is a large village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England with a population of roughly 10,000. The village is administered from the Horsham District Council Offices. Much of the population of Southwater originated from the brick industry which thrived in the clay-pits until the 1980s. Following the closure of the brickworks, there was a project implemented to transform the area into a country park, which now stands as one of the major family attractions in the district.
In 2006 the centre of Southwater Village has been renewed at a cost of £25 million, and the investment has attracted substantial local business interest and has improved the village significantly for local residents. The amenities available in the new Lintot Square are now appropriate for the size of the village and comprise: A supermarket, a chemist, a hair and beauty salon, a newsagent/post office, an Indian restaurant, a fast food shop, a café, a card and gift shop, a florist, a cycle shop and there is a community building Beeson House which houses the Parish Council, West Sussex County Council Southwater Community Library, Southwater Community Police Office and Southwater Youth Project. Recently Oakland Insurance Services have moved into Beeson House as well.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Standen
Standen is an Arts and Crafts house located near East Grinstead, West Sussex, England. The house and its surrounding gardens belong to the National Trust and are open to the public.
Between 1892 and 1894 architect Philip Webb, who was a friend of William Morris, designed the house for a prosperous London solicitor, James Beale, his wife Margaret, and their family. It is decorated with Morris carpets, fabrics and wallpapers, and the garden complements the beauty of the house. The house still has its original electric light fittings. The house was bequeathed to the National Trust in 1972.
The estate was formed from three farms which the Beales had purchased in 1890.
The Beales started planting a 12-acre (49,000 m2) garden almost immediately after they had purchased the land, using the site of an 18th-century garden and orchard. In early 1891 trees were planted, a yew hedge established and the kitchen garden begun.
The Beales consulted a London landscape gardener who drew up a layout that assumed that the new house would be located on the line of the existing terrace. However, Webb suggested that it rather be placed further into the hillside. The proposed planting schemes were characterised by strict geometrical layouts of colourful flowerbeds and shrubs. Webb preferred something else, however: a mixture of natural styles combining old-fashioned formality and compartmentalised gardens. Webb also designed a number of elements in the garden.
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Stansted Park
Stansted Park (including Stansted House) is near the city of Chichester, West Sussex, England. It lies within the parish of Stoughton, near the village of Rowland's Castle over the border in Hampshire.
The Grade II listed Edwardian country house is set in the 1,750-acre (7.1 km2) park, with woodland and open land grazed by deer. Stansted House has Carolean revival decor and a lavishly decorated Chapel of St Paul, that was an inspiration to the poet John Keats.
The house began as a hunting lodge in the 11th century. It was built on the present site in 1688 for Richard Lumley, probably to a design by William Talman.
The original house was burnt down in 1900, and rebuilt on the exact footprint of the previous building in 1903. It was purchased by the Bessborough family in 1924 and owned by the 9th and 10th Earls throughout their lifetimes. The history of Stansted Park since the 12th century is told in Lord Bessborough's book "The Enchanted Forest".
Since 1983 the House and Estate have been owned by Stansted Park Foundation, a charitable trust charged with the preservation of the estate for the benefit of the nation, which was the wish of the last owner, Frederick Ponsonby, 10th Earl of Bessborough.
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Steyning
Coordinates: 50°53′12″N 0°19′40″W / 50.8868°N 0.3279°W / 50.8868; -0.3279
Steyning is a small town and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It is located at the north end of the River Adur gap in the South Downs, four miles (6.4 km) north of Shoreham-by-Sea. The smaller villages of Bramber and Upper Beeding constitute, with Steyning, a built-up area at this crossing-point of the river.
The parish has a land area of 1574 hectares (3888 acres). In the 2001 census 5812 people lived in 2530 households, of whom 2747 were economically active.
Steyning has existed since Anglo-Saxon times. Legend has it that St. Cuthman built a church, at one time dedicated to him, later to St Andrew, and now jointly to St Andrew and St Cuthman, where he stopped after carrying his mother in a wheelbarrow. Several of the signs that can be seen on entering Steyning bear an image of his feat. King Alfred the Great's father, Ethelwulf of Wessex, was originally buried in that church, before being transferred to Winchester - a Saxon grave slab (possibly his) remains in the church porch.
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Storrington
Coordinates: 50°55′04″N 0°27′17″W / 50.91776°N 0.45459°W / 50.91776; -0.45459
Storrington is a village in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England, and one of two in the civil parish of Storrington and Sullington. Storrington lies at the foot of the north side of the South Downs. As of 2006 the village has a population of around 4,600. It has one main shopping street (The High Street). The A283 road runs directly through the middle and connects Storrington to Steyning in the east and Pulborough in the west.
Storrington existed in the Domesday Book, listed as 'Estorchestone', meaning a place well-known for storks. A charter to hold a regular market on Wednesdays was granted by Henry IV in 1400, together with permissions for three fairs during the year, on Mayday, Wednesday of Whit week and the Feast of Martin on November 11.Tanning and blacksmithing were also important industries and only in the 20th century did these roles fade away. Rabbit breeding was another significant industry and an association with this is still extant in the number of local place names including 'The Warren', such as Warren Hill, Sullington Warren and Warren Croft. This working/small industry background has however, left little behind architecturally. Nikolaus Pevsner, noted only the small door in Browns lane, the Church, and the Dominican convent known as The Abbey to be historically significant. Since 1945 Storrington has expanded greatly with a variety of housing projects enlarging the village. It is still possible to be in open countryside in a few minutes from the town centre when walking towards the downs or one of the commons.
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Suffolk
Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe. It is one of the few counties in the United Kingdom that does not contain a city.
The county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of The Broads in the North. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
By the 5th century the Angles, after whom East Anglia and England itself are named, had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", hence, "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Suffolk, and several adjacent areas, became the kingdom of East Anglia, which was settled by the Angles in the 5th century AD, later merging with Mercia and then Wessex.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Tilgate Park
Tilgate Park is a large park situated in Tilgate, South-East Crawley. It is the largest and most popular park in the area.
Originally a 2,185-acre (8.84 km2) part of the Worth Forest, the park and the surrounding areas (including the modern day Furnace Green, Three Bridges and part of the Ashdown Forest) were part of the larger Tilgate estate, first recorded in 1647. From that time, industries including Ironworks and furnaces were dismantled and replaced by a landed working estate.
The manor of Tilgate was bought by Sir Edward Culpeper and Sir Walter Covert, who owned the manor of nearby Slaugham, from Edward Nevill, 8th Baron Bergavenny. The manor was seized completely from Sir Walter before his death in 1632. It was described as an estate in 1647, and passed with the manor of Slaugham down the Covert family line, before passing to another family, the Sergissons, in the early 19th century. The estate was purchased in 1861 by George Ashburner, head of a rich local family, who built a large French-style mansion in the early 1860s which was simply called Tilgate Mansion. Ashburner's daughter married John Hennings Nix, and the estate passed to her when George Ashburner died in 1869. The families merged and became "Ashburner Nix", and Tilgate passed down with the family until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, when the estate was split into separate lots and sold off individually.
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Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear /ˌtaɪn ənd ˈwɪər/ is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.
Prior to reforms in 1974, the territory comprising the county of Tyne and Wear straddled the border between the counties of Northumberland and County Durham. North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.
Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.
Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Uppark
Coordinates: 50°57′11″N 0°53′30″W / 50.95306°N 0.89167°W / 50.95306; -0.89167
Uppark is a 17th-century house in South Harting, Petersfield, West Sussex, England and a National Trust property.
The house, set high on the South Downs, was built for Ford Grey (1655—1701), the first Earl of Tankerville, c. 1690 and was sold in 1747 to Sir Matthew Fetherstonhaugh and his wife Sarah. Matthew and Sarah redecorated the house extensively from 1750 to 1760 and introduced most of the existing collection of household items displayed today, much of it collected on their Grand Tour of 1749 to 1751. Their only son, Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh, added to the collection and commissioned Humphry Repton to add a new pillared portico, dairy and landscaped garden. In the 19th century stables and kitchens were added as separate buildings connected to the main building by tunnels.
On 30 August 1989 the building was devastated by a fire caused by a workman's blowtorch whilst repairing lead flashing on the roof, just two days before the work was due to be completed. The fire broke out during opening hours. Many works of art and pieces of furniture were carried out of the burning building by members of the Meade-Fetherstonehaugh family, National Trust staff and members of the public. Although the garret and first floors collapsed onto the lower floors and the garret and first floor contents were lost completely, the floors largely fell clear of the ground floor walls and much of the paneling and decoration survived. Much of the contents of the ground floor was crushed but not burned; metalwork was able to be straightened and cleaned, crystal chandeliers were able to be reassembled, and even the elaborate tassels on the chandelier ropes were able to be conserved. The decision to restore the house came after it was determined that restoration would be a cheaper insurance settlement than complete payout for a total loss.
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Wakehurst Place
Wakehurst Place is National Trust property located near Ardingly, West Sussex in the High Weald of southern England (grid reference TQ340315), comprising a late 16th century country house and a mainly 20th century garden, managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. For the National Trust's 2008–2009 fiscal year Wakehurst Place Garden was the Trust's most visited property for which admission was charged, with 439,627 visitors. The house rated an illustration in Joseph Nash, The mansions of England in the olden time, I839-49.
The garden today covers some 2 square kilometres (500 acres) and includes walled and water gardens, woodland and wetland conservation areas. It was largely created by Gerald Loder (later Lord Wakehurst) who purchased the estate in 1903 and spent 33 years developing the gardens. He was succeeded by Sir Henry Price, under whose care the Loder plantings matured, Sir Henry left Wakefield Place to the nation in 1963 and the Royal Botanic Gardens took up a lease from the National Trust in 1965. Wakehurst is home to the National Collections of Betula (birches), Hypericum, Nothofagus (Southern Hemisphere beeches) and Skimmia. The Great Storm of 1987 decimated Loder's plantings, toppling 20,000 trees. Since then, Kew has redesigned the gardens to create a walk through the temperate woodlands of the world.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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Weald
The Weald ( /ˈwiːld/), also called the Weald of Kent, is the name given to an area in South East England situated between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It should be regarded as three separate parts: the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre; the clay "Low Weald" periphery; and the Greensand Ridge which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes the Weald's highest points. The Weald was once a vast forest covering this area. The name, Old English in origin, signifies woodland, which still applies today: scattered farms and villages betray the Weald‘s past, often in their names.
The name "Weald" is derived from the Old English weald, meaning "forest" (cognate, German Wald). This comes from a Germanic root of the same meaning, and ultimately from Indo-European. Weald is specifically a West Saxon form; wold is the Anglian form of the word. The Middle English form of the word is wēld, and the modern spelling is a reintroduction of the Anglo-Saxon form attributed to its use by William Lambarde in his A Perambulation of Kent of 1576.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Worthing
Worthing ( /ˈwɜrðɪŋ/ WURDH-ing) is a large seaside town with borough status in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, forming part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, 10 miles (16 km) west of Brighton, and 18 miles (29 km) east of the county town of Chichester. The borough covers an area of 12.5 square miles (32.37 km2) and has an estimated population of 103,200.
The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe. Lying within the borough, the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain's largest. Worthing means "(place of) Worth/Worō's people", from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō (the name means "valiant one, one who is noble"), and -ingas "people of" (reduced to -ing in the modern name). For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day. In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain's chief market gardening centres.
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WWT Arundel
WWT Arundel is one of nine wildfowl and wetland nature reserves managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, a nature conservation charity in the United Kingdom. The 60 acre (240,000 m²) reserve is situated at the foot of the Offham Hangar, a part of the Arun valley in Arundel, West Sussex, England.
One of the endangered species protected at the centre is the Hawaiian Goose, or Nēnē, the rarest goose in the world, and state bird of Hawaii. Over 1,000 species of duck, goose and swan can be seen at the reserve.
The centre provides a variety of habitats from around the world for its various 'residents' such as its re-creation of Mývatn, a volcanic lake in Iceland.
With hand feeding and hides situated all over the centre, visitors can get close to many of the ducks. These features, as well as the large number of habitats and different species, are common in WWT centres.
Species from other countries are not wild.
Coordinates: 50°51′45.6″N 0°33′5.9″W / 50.862667°N 0.551639°W / 50.862667; -0.551639
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Andrew Tyrie
Andrew Guy Tyrie (born 15 January 1957) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chichester, and was first elected in the 1997 general election. He had previously been a special adviser at HM Treasury and is the current Chairman of the Treasury Select Committee, having taken up the role on 10 June 2010.
Andrew Tyrie was born in Rochford, England on January 15, 1957. He was educated at Felsted School and Trinity College, Oxford, where he received an MA in PPE in 1979. He then went to the College of Europe in Bruges, earning a postgraduate Certificate of Advanced European Studies (equivalent to a master's degree), followed by Wolfson College, Cambridge, where he obtained an MPhil. Tyrie worked at the group head office of British Petroleum from 1981-3. From 1990-1, he was a Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, then a senior economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 1992-7.
Tyrie contested Houghton and Washington in 1992. As Member of Parliament for Chichester, Tyrie has been involved locally, namely in supporting campaigns including the movement to prevent the Accident and Emergency Department at St Richard's Hospital from being downgraded.
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Francis Maude
Francis Anthony Aylmer Maude (born 4 July 1953) is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he currently serves as the Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General, and as a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the constituency of Horsham. He is the son of the former Conservative Cabinet minister Angus Maude.
Maude was educated at the private fee-paying Abingdon School, at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and at the College of Law. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1977, and practised criminal law.
Maude served a councillor for the City of Westminster from 1978 to 1984.
Maude was first elected to the House of Commons to represent the constituency of North Warwickshire in the Conservative Party's landslide victory at the 1983 general election. In 1984, he became the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister for Employment Peter Morrison. Maude then became an assistant government whip (1985–87) and Minister for Corporate and Consumer Affairs (1987–89). In 1989, he became the Minister for Europe in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
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Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is located 3.1 mi (5.0 km) north of the centre of Crawley,West Sussex, and 29.5 mi (47.5 km) south of Central London. Also known as London Gatwick, it is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. Furthermore, Gatwick is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights and has the world's busiest single-use runway averaging 52 aircraft movements an hour. Its two terminals – North and South – cover an area of 810,000 sq ft (75,000 m2) and 1,300,000 sq ft (120,000 m2) respectively.
In 2011, over 33.6 million passengers passed through Gatwick.
Charter airlines generally prefer Gatwick over Heathrow as a base for London and the South East of England. From 1978 to 2008, many flights to and from the United States used Gatwick because of restrictions on the use of Heathrow implemented in the Bermuda II agreement between the UK and the US.. Under the agreement Heathrow allowed the right for only two US carrier and two UK carrier to serve flights to the United States. Currently, US Airways is the only US carrier that still serves Gatwick from the US. The airport is a base for scheduled operators Aer Lingus, British Airways (BA), EasyJet, Flybe, Monarch Airlines and Virgin Atlantic, as well as charter airlines including Thomas Cook Airlines and Thomson Airways. Gatwick is unique amongst London's airports in having a significant airline presence representing each of the three main airline business models: full service, low/no frills and charter. As of January 2011, these respectively accounted for 37, 51 and 12% of total passenger traffic.
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Haestingas
The Haestingas, or alternatively Heastingas or Hæstingas, were one of the tribes of Anglo-Saxon Britain. The Kingdom of Haestingas was located in modern-day Sussex, and was one of the minor sub-kingdoms of the Heptarchy.
When Ælle of Sussex came to Britain in 491, he soon forged the Saxon kingdom of Sussex. Soon after Ælle arrived, a Saxon tribe known as the Haestingas appeared in the southeastern region of Sussex. It is believed that they were named so after a chieftain or ruler called Haesta, as in the Old English language, Haestingas means "Haesta's People". Haesta by itself, however, means "violent". The Kingdom of Haestingas was most likely very small, extending only a few leagues from the centre of their kingdom, which became known as "Haestingas" now known under the modern name of Hastings.
In 771, Offa of Mercia conquered all of Sussex, effectively ending the reign of the Haestingas.
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Lancing College
Lancing College is a co-educational English independent school in the British public school tradition, founded in 1848 by Nathaniel Woodard. Woodard's aim was to provide education "based on sound principle and sound knowledge, firmly grounded in the Christian faith." Lancing was the first of a family of more than 30 schools founded by Woodard (others include Hurstpierpoint College, Ardingly College, Bloxham School and Worksop College).
Typical of major independent schools, Lancing places emphasis on what might be described as tradition — Anglican Christianity (chapel attendance is compulsory for all pupils), and sport (notably football, Eton fives, squash, tennis, hockey and cricket).
The school is based in 550 acres (2.2 km2) of countryside in West Sussex, east of Worthing near the village of Lancing, on the south coast of England. The college is situated on a hill which is part of the South Downs, and the campus dominates the local landscape. The college overlooks the River Adur and the Ladywell Stream, a holy well or sacred stream within the College grounds has pre-Christian significance.
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Nicholas Soames
Arthur Nicholas Winston Soames MP (born 12 February 1948), known as Nicholas Soames, is a British Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the constituency of Mid Sussex. He is also Chairman of the private security contractor Aegis.
Soames is a former Defence minister having served in the government of Sir John Major, 1994–97. His main political interests are defence, international relations, rural affairs and industry.
He was born in Croydon and is a grandson of British wartime Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, the son of Lord and Lady Soames, a nephew of the former Defence Secretary Duncan Sandys and Diana Churchill; the journalist Randolph Churchill and the actress and dancer Sarah Churchill and a great nephew of the founders of the Scout movement, Robert Baden-Powell and Olave Baden-Powell. His brother is the industrialist Rupert Soames.
He has been married twice. His first marriage (1981–1988) was to Catherine Weatherall (the sister of Isobel Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne), by whom he has one son, Harry Soames. He married, secondly, Serena Smith (a niece of the Duchess of Grafton) in 1993. They have one son, and a daughter called Isabella Soames.
wn.com/Nicholas_Soames -
Nick Gibb
Nicolas John "Nick" Gibb (born 3 September 1960) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bognor Regis and Littlehampton. Gibb was appointed Minister of State for Schools in the newly formed Department for Education on 13 May 2010.
Nick Gibb was born in Amersham, Buckinghamshire and was educated at Bedford Modern School, Maidstone Grammar School, Roundhay School Leeds, and Thornes House School Wakefield. He then attended the College of St Hild and St Bede at the University of Durham where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Law in 1981. Gibb was a member of the radical libertarian organisation Federation of Conservative Students.
In 1982, Gibb joined NatWest as a trainee accountant, before working on Kibbutz Merom Golam in 1983. In 1984 he joined KPMG as a chartered accountant until his election to parliament. He is Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (FCA).
Gibb worked as an election agent to Cecil Parkinson at the 1987 General Election, and becoming the secretary of the Bethnal Green and Stepney Conservative Association in 1988, becoming its chairman the following year.
wn.com/Nick_Gibb -
Nick Herbert
Nicholas Le Quesne "Nick" Herbert (born 7 April 1963) is a British Conservative Party politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Arundel and South Downs. He is currently Minister of State for Police and Criminal Justice, with his time split between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice.
Herbert was educated at Haileybury and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he read law and land economy. He was appointed as the director of public affairs at the British Field Sports Society in 1990 and remained in that position for six years. He joined Business for Sterling in 1998 as their chief executive where he helped launch the campaign against adopting the Euro currency, before becoming a director of the think tank Reform in 2000 until his election to parliament in 2005.
He unsuccessfully contested the Northumberland seat of Berwick-upon-Tweed at the 1997 general election where he finished in third place some 8,951 votes behind the veteran Liberal Democrat MP Alan Beith. His selection to contest the West Sussex seat of Arundel and South Downs at the 2005 general election did not come about without incident. The sitting Conservative MP, Howard Flight, had been forced to resign as a vice chairman of the party and had the whip removed by Michael Howard in 2005 after he had told a Conservative Way Forward meeting that the Conservatives would have to make more cuts than they were promising. With no whip, he was not considered as an approved candidate and, despite protest and the local association refusing to select a new candidate, he finally resigned just a month before the election. Herbert was selected and elected, holding the seat with a slightly reduced majority of 11,309. He made his maiden speech on 6 June 2005.
wn.com/Nick_Herbert -
Peter Bottomley
Sir Peter James Bottomley (born 30 July 1944) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Worthing West. A globalist, Bottomley has been Chairman of the All-Party United Nations Group.
Bottomley was born in Newport, Shropshire, the son of Sir James Bottomley, retired from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and of the late Barbara, née Vardon, a social worker. After seven school changes before the age of eleven, he was educated at a junior high school in Washington, D.C. and then Westminster School before reading economics at Trinity College, Cambridge, following his father, grandfather, father-in-law and father-in-law's father to the College. His supervisor was James Mirrlees, who later gained the Nobel prize for Economics. After university, he became a lorry driver and joined the Transport and General Workers Union before moving on to industrial sales and industrial relations. In the early 1970s he co-founded in South Lambeth the Neighbourhood Council, resulting in the creation of football pitches and other facilities at Larkhall Park. His last job before entering Parliament was putting lights outside theatres and cinemas in London's West End.
wn.com/Peter_Bottomley -
Regnenses
The Regnenses, Regni or Regini were a British Celtic kingdom and later a civitas of Roman Britain. Their capital was Noviomagus Reginorum, known today as Chichester in modern West Sussex.
Before the Roman conquest their land and capital appear to have been part of the territory of the Atrebates, possibly as part of a confederation of tribes. It has been suggested that, after the first phase of the conquest, the Romans maintained the Atrebates as a nominally independent client kingdom, acting as a buffer between the Roman province in the east and the unconquered tribes to the west. The ruler of the kingdom was Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus: Tacitus says "quaedam civitates Cogidumno regi donatae (certain civitates were given to King Cogidubnus)" and remarks on his loyalty. A 1st century inscription found in Chichester supplies his Latin names, indicating he was given Roman citizenship by Claudius or Nero. Cogidubnus may have been a relative of Verica, the Atrebatian king whose overthrow was the excuse for the conquest. After Cogidubnus's death, the kingdom would have been incorporated into the directly ruled Roman province and divided into several civitates, including the Atrebates, Belgae, and Regnenses (interpreted as Latin "people of the kingdom").
wn.com/Regnenses -
Seaford College
Seaford College is an independent co-educational boarding and day-school located at East Lavington, south of Petworth, West Sussex, England. The College was founded in 1884, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The college sits in the Lavington Park, in nearly 400 acres (1.6 km2) in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the shadow of the South Downs. All of the land is owned by a charitable trust and the site is run by the Board of Governors who are the trustees.
The College was founded at Corsica Hall, Seaford on the East Sussex coast, in 1884 by Colonel Frederick Walter Savage, who also served as headmaster from 1884 until 1920. In 1940, the College was disrupted by a government order requisitioning all boarding school premises in Seaford and giving only six weeks in which to find a safe home elsewhere. The College was evacuated to Worthing for the duration of World War II, and once peace had resumed, the new Headmaster Canon Charles Johnson began to look for a more suitable site, the College having outgrown its original premises in Seaford. In 1946 the decision was made to buy the estate at Lavington Park and the school moved to its current location. As of the academic year 2008/09 Senior School day fees are approximately £15,000 per year, with Senior School boarding fees approximately £20,000, though a number of bursaries and scholarships are available.
wn.com/Seaford_College -
Sussex Police
Sussex Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing East Sussex, West Sussex and City of Brighton and Hove in southern England. Its Headquarters is in Lewes, Lewes District, East Sussex.
Policing in the county can be traced back to the first force established in Brighton in 1830. A few years later on 13 March 1844 Chief Constable Henry Solomon was murdered in his office by a prisoner he was interviewing. He is believed to be the only chief officer to have suffered such a fate. Prior to 1830 local watchmen were appointed to provide some degree of law enforcement in the area. In 1812, there were some 12 watchmen who were responsible for the town. By 1814 the number had grown to 28 and at this time the title of constable was in use for them. By 1868 the force had grown to 100 officers and helmets replaced top hats.
In 1918 the first woman was appointed as a police officer in this force and by 1930 it had grown to 216 officers. Brighton Police were the first force to introduce police radios on the 14th September 1933. Forces were also established for the counties of East Sussex and West Sussex, as well as separate forces in the boroughs of Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings. These forces amalgamated temporarily during the Second World War, from 1943 until 1947, but then policing reverted back to the old system for another two decades.
wn.com/Sussex_Police -
Tim Loughton
Timothy Paul Loughton (born 30 May 1962) is a British Conservative Party politician, and has been Member of Parliament (MP) for East Worthing and Shoreham since the 1997 general election. Loughton is currently Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families.
Born in the south coast town of Eastbourne in East Sussex, Loughton was educated at Priory School, a state comprehensive school in Lewes in East Sussex, followed by the University of Warwick (where he was secretary of the University of Warwick Conservative Association), gaining a First Class BA in Classical Civilisation in 1983. This was followed by Clare College at the University of Cambridge, where he researched Mesopotamian Archaeology from 1983-4.
Loughton followed a career in the City of London as a fund manager from 1984 for Fleming Private Asset Management, becoming Director from 1992-2000.
Registrable shareholdings b) JP Morgan Chase; US investment bank. Register last updated: 3 May 2011.
Loughton's first attempt at election to the House of Commons in the 1992 general election, when he stood against David Blunkett in the Sheffield Brightside constituency. Although unsuccessful, he was chosen in 1995 by the local party board as a candidate for his current constituency, then newly formed.
wn.com/Tim_Loughton -
Tumulus
A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A cairn (a mound of stones built for various purposes), might also be originally a tumulus. A long barrow is a long tumulus, usually for numbers of burials.
The method of inhumation may involve a dolmen, a cist, a mortuary enclosure, a mortuary house or a chamber tomb. Examples of barrows include Duggleby Howe and Maeshowe.
The word tumulus is Latin for 'mound' or 'small hill', from the PIE root *teuh2- with extended zero grade *tum-, 'to bulge, swell' also found in tumor, thumb, thigh and thousand.
The funeral of Patroclus is described in book 23 of the Iliad. Patroclus is burned on a pyre, and his bones are collected into a golden urn in two layers of fat. The barrow is built on the location of the pyre. Achilles then sponsors funeral games, consisting of a chariot race, boxing, wrestling, running, a duel between two champions to the first blood, discus throwing, archery and spear throwing.
wn.com/Tumulus -
Walter Hussey
Walter Hussey (15 May 1909–1985) was an Anglican clergyman who had a great fondness for the arts, commissioning a number of musical compositions and visual art for the church as well as amassing his own collection.
Hussey was born in Northampton and was educated at Marlborough College. After reading Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Keble College, Oxford he studied at Ripon College Cuddesdon and was ordained in 1932.
His first ministry was as Assistant Curate at St Mary Abbots, Kensington, although within 5 years he was Vicar of St Matthew's, Northampton—a post he held from 1937 to 1955. As vicar of St Matthew's he celebrated the church's fiftieth anniversary by commissioning Rejoice in the Lamb from Benjamin Britten. He later organised a concert by Kirsten Flagstad. Other commissions included Henry Moore's Madonna and Child sculpture, a Litany and Anthem for St Matthew's Day from W. H. Auden, Lo, the full, final sacrifice from Gerald Finzi, Crucifixion from Graham Sutherland, and The Outer Planet from Norman Nicholson.
wn.com/Walter_Hussey -
Ælle of Sussex
Ælle ( /ˈælə/; also Aelle or Ella) is recorded in early sources as the first king of the South Saxons, reigning in what is now called Sussex, England, from 477 to perhaps as late as 514.
According to the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Ælle and three of his sons are said to have landed at a place called Cymensora and fought against the local Britons. The chronicle goes on to report a victory in 491, at present day Pevensey, where the battle ended with the Saxons slaughtering their opponents to the last man.
Ælle was the first king recorded by the 8th century chronicler Bede to have held "imperium", or overlordship, over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. In the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (around four hundred years after his time) Ælle is recorded as being the first bretwalda, or "Britain-ruler", though there is no evidence that this was a contemporary title. Ælle's death is not recorded and although he may have been the founder of a South Saxon dynasty, there is no firm evidence linking him with later South Saxon rulers. The 12th century chronicler Henry of Huntingdon produced an enhanced version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that included 514 as the date of Ælle's death, but this is not secure.
wn.com/Ælle_of_Sussex
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Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex Part 2 B2145 Canon SX130 Video
http://wn.com/Driving_Into_Selsey_Chichester_West_Sussex
Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex Part 2 B2145 Canon SX130 Video
Lancing West Sussex Mary Portas Bid Vid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
Mary Portas pilot video for Lancing in West Sussex. Love Lancing
http://wn.com/Lancing_West_Sussex_Mary_Portas_Bid_Vid
Mary Portas pilot video for Lancing in West Sussex. Love Lancing
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 2372
- author: clare milward
Driving Through Chichester, West Sussex, England (Tuesday 17th July 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. This footage was filmed on Tuesday 17th July 2012.
http://wn.com/Driving_Through_Chichester,_West_Sussex,_England_Tuesday_17th_July_2012
Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. This footage was filmed on Tuesday 17th July 2012.
- published: 17 Jul 2012
- views: 418
- author: MUFC1963
Driving Around Bognor Regis West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Driving Around Bognor Regis West Sussex Canon SX130 Video
http://wn.com/Driving_Around_Bognor_Regis_West_Sussex
Driving Around Bognor Regis West Sussex Canon SX130 Video
- published: 17 Jul 2011
- views: 2774
- author: EastAngliaUK
Flooding in Chichester, West Sussex part two
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
Filmed from my mum's car. 11/06/12 around 7:30pm They've coned off one of the ways into Fishbourne and the way down into Selsey for some reason. Facebook - www.facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com DeviantART - darklyveiledlife.deviantart.com Etsy Store - www.etsy.com Website - www.bitchandstitch.co.uk This video was uploaded from an Android phone.
http://wn.com/Flooding_in_Chichester,_West_Sussex_part_two
Filmed from my mum's car. 11/06/12 around 7:30pm They've coned off one of the ways into Fishbourne and the way down into Selsey for some reason. Facebook - www.facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com DeviantART - darklyveiledlife.deviantart.com Etsy Store - www.etsy.com Website - www.bitchandstitch.co.uk This video was uploaded from an Android phone.
- published: 11 Jun 2012
- views: 917
- author: Andi Bone
West Sussex Revisit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:05
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
It took ten years to get permission for Ben Law's self-sufficient woodland cottage. Now that he's built it, using 1000 year old methods, Kevin McCloud visits to see how things worked out.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Revisit
It took ten years to get permission for Ben Law's self-sufficient woodland cottage. Now that he's built it, using 1000 year old methods, Kevin McCloud visits to see how things worked out.
- published: 25 Aug 2011
- views: 809
- author: 4oDHomes
Horsham England in West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Sights and scenes of the Town of Horsham in West Sussex, which include Saint Mary The Virgin Church, The Rising Sun Pub
http://wn.com/Horsham_England_in_West_Sussex
Sights and scenes of the Town of Horsham in West Sussex, which include Saint Mary The Virgin Church, The Rising Sun Pub
- published: 02 Jan 2010
- views: 3726
- author: Flyin Brian
Landing in London Gatwick Airport, Crawley, West Sussex, UK / Lądowanie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Landing in London Gatwick Airport, Crawley, West Sussex, UK / Lądowanie
http://wn.com/Landing_in_London_Gatwick_Airport,_Crawley,_West_Sussex,_UK_Lądowanie
Landing in London Gatwick Airport, Crawley, West Sussex, UK / Lądowanie
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 1074
- author: Rasiek
Poplars Farmhouse Chichester West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Near Chichester West Sussex, self catering accommodation in ancient timbered farmhouse for 6/8/10/14/18 up to 18. Secluded 3 acres surrounded by paddocks and lawns. Play barn with table tennis snooker darts and a childs sand pit. Aga kitchen and a dining room to seat 14. Effective oil fired central heationg and linen included. Plenty of off road parking. 10 minutes drive to West Wittering beach or Chichester. Sitting room with piano and open log fire. Effective oil fired central heating included.Three double bedrooms four twins and one dormitory for four. Cycling horse riding golf clay pigeon shooting and sailing all locally available. See www.poplarsfarmhouse.co.uk for full details, availability and price.
http://wn.com/Poplars_Farmhouse_Chichester_West_Sussex
Near Chichester West Sussex, self catering accommodation in ancient timbered farmhouse for 6/8/10/14/18 up to 18. Secluded 3 acres surrounded by paddocks and lawns. Play barn with table tennis snooker darts and a childs sand pit. Aga kitchen and a dining room to seat 14. Effective oil fired central heationg and linen included. Plenty of off road parking. 10 minutes drive to West Wittering beach or Chichester. Sitting room with piano and open log fire. Effective oil fired central heating included.Three double bedrooms four twins and one dormitory for four. Cycling horse riding golf clay pigeon shooting and sailing all locally available. See www.poplarsfarmhouse.co.uk for full details, availability and price.
- published: 03 Nov 2009
- views: 5229
- author: poplarsfarmhouse
Bognor Regis West Sussex Shops And Market
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Bognor Regis West Sussex Shops And Market Sorry for the quality but the settings seem to have got messed up for this video. Canon SX130
http://wn.com/Bognor_Regis_West_Sussex_Shops_And_Market
Bognor Regis West Sussex Shops And Market Sorry for the quality but the settings seem to have got messed up for this video. Canon SX130
- published: 14 Jun 2011
- views: 2098
- author: EastAngliaUK
The Worlds Longest Bench Littlehampton West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
The Worlds Longest Bench Littlehampton West Sussex. The Longest Bench, Littlehampton with Arun District Council; Jane Wood and Sophie Murray, East Beach Cafe; Adams Kara Taylor; Jackson Coles; and millimetre (first phase completed summer 2010) The longest bench in Britain was opened to the public in Littlehampton, West Sussex on the 30th July 2010. The bench seats over 300 people along Littlehampton's promenade, overlooking the town's award-winning Blue Flag beach. This project began as an idea to create a very long bench down the spine of the promenade at Littlehampton, potentially the longest bench in the UK or perhaps eventually the world. The structure sinuously travels along the promenade, meandering around lampposts, bending behind bins, and ducking down into the ground to allow access between the beach and the Green. Littlehampton, West Sussex is a town on the South Coast at the mouth of the River Arun. The promenade runs from the harbour eastwards towards Worthing and beyond. The site follows a redbrick wall which accompanies the promenade for over half a kilometre, terminating at the East Beach Cafe. The Longest Bench is made from thousands of hardwood bars reclaimed from sources including old seaside groynes (including Littlehampton's!) and rescued from landfill. This simple component is arrayed to accommodate the complex shapes called for by the form of the wall and the activities which take place along it. The varieties of reclaimed timbers are interspersed ...
http://wn.com/The_Worlds_Longest_Bench_Littlehampton_West_Sussex
The Worlds Longest Bench Littlehampton West Sussex. The Longest Bench, Littlehampton with Arun District Council; Jane Wood and Sophie Murray, East Beach Cafe; Adams Kara Taylor; Jackson Coles; and millimetre (first phase completed summer 2010) The longest bench in Britain was opened to the public in Littlehampton, West Sussex on the 30th July 2010. The bench seats over 300 people along Littlehampton's promenade, overlooking the town's award-winning Blue Flag beach. This project began as an idea to create a very long bench down the spine of the promenade at Littlehampton, potentially the longest bench in the UK or perhaps eventually the world. The structure sinuously travels along the promenade, meandering around lampposts, bending behind bins, and ducking down into the ground to allow access between the beach and the Green. Littlehampton, West Sussex is a town on the South Coast at the mouth of the River Arun. The promenade runs from the harbour eastwards towards Worthing and beyond. The site follows a redbrick wall which accompanies the promenade for over half a kilometre, terminating at the East Beach Cafe. The Longest Bench is made from thousands of hardwood bars reclaimed from sources including old seaside groynes (including Littlehampton's!) and rescued from landfill. This simple component is arrayed to accommodate the complex shapes called for by the form of the wall and the activities which take place along it. The varieties of reclaimed timbers are interspersed ...
- published: 09 Aug 2010
- views: 2103
- author: artnix22
Littlehampton, West Sussex, Pier Road & Arun Parade
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
Take a ride along by the river Arun and Littlehampton sea front - Pass the Oyster pond and Harbour Park amusements. Postcodes BN17 5BA, BN17 5LW, BN17 5LP
http://wn.com/Littlehampton,_West_Sussex,_Pier_Road_Arun_Parade
Take a ride along by the river Arun and Littlehampton sea front - Pass the Oyster pond and Harbour Park amusements. Postcodes BN17 5BA, BN17 5LW, BN17 5LP
- published: 06 Jul 2007
- views: 7644
- author: townvid
Depeche Mode - Puppets Live at Chichester, West Sussex, UK 03-12-1981 (part3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Depeche Dark Mode presents: Depeche Mode Off The Record Live at Chichester, West Sussex, UK 03-12-1981 [Speak & Spell]
http://wn.com/Depeche_Mode_Puppets_Live_at_Chichester,_West_Sussex,_UK_03-12-1981_part3
Depeche Dark Mode presents: Depeche Mode Off The Record Live at Chichester, West Sussex, UK 03-12-1981 [Speak & Spell]
- published: 16 Feb 2010
- views: 9076
- author: DughiPlace2
Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex Part 1 B2145 Canon SX130 Video
http://wn.com/Driving_Into_Selsey_Chichester_West_Sussex
Driving Into Selsey Chichester West Sussex Part 1 B2145 Canon SX130 Video
- published: 04 Jul 2011
- views: 922
- author: EastAngliaUK
Vixen screaming, West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Vixen screaming
http://wn.com/Vixen_screaming,_West_Sussex
West Sussex Prt1 3rd Dec 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:25
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Prt1_3rd_Dec_2009
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 9423
- author: ToddAJFC
West Sussex Prt2 3rd Dec 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Prt2_3rd_Dec_2009
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 7913
- author: ToddAJFC
West Sussex Prt5 3rd Dec 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Prt5_3rd_Dec_2009
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 4503
- author: ToddAJFC
West Sussex Prt4 3rd Dec 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:57
- Updated: 26 Feb 2012
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Prt4_3rd_Dec_2009
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 5212
- author: ToddAJFC
West Sussex Prt3 3rd Dec 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:09
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Prt3_3rd_Dec_2009
Aled introduces Escape to the Country from West Sussex, 3rd Dec 2009. This is produced solely to promote Aled and his music.
- published: 04 Dec 2009
- views: 7654
- author: ToddAJFC
West Sussex Mud Monsters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:42
- Updated: 09 May 2012
West Sussex Mud Monsters
http://wn.com/West_Sussex_Mud_Monsters
FIELD MARSHALL TRACTOR CLIMBING ROWHOOK HILL WEST SUSSEX. WWW.FIELDMARSHALLTRACTORS.COM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
FIELD MARSHALL TRACTOR CLIMBING ROWHOOK HILL WWW.FIELDMARSHALLTRACTORS.COM. WWW.RUDGWICKSTEAMSHOW.CO.UK MARSHALL SERIES 3a PULLING MARSHALL MODEL M TRACTOR ON A DYSON DRAWBAR TRAILER. GOING UP ROWHOOK HILL IN WEST SUSSEX 24th SEPT 2011
http://wn.com/FIELD_MARSHALL_TRACTOR_CLIMBING_ROWHOOK_HILL_WEST_SUSSEX_WWWFIELDMARSHALLTRACTORSCOM
FIELD MARSHALL TRACTOR CLIMBING ROWHOOK HILL WWW.FIELDMARSHALLTRACTORS.COM. WWW.RUDGWICKSTEAMSHOW.CO.UK MARSHALL SERIES 3a PULLING MARSHALL MODEL M TRACTOR ON A DYSON DRAWBAR TRAILER. GOING UP ROWHOOK HILL IN WEST SUSSEX 24th SEPT 2011
- published: 27 Sep 2011
- views: 4735
- author: STGOCAT
EFAD Driving. Blue light run in West Sussex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
West Sussex Fire & Rescue Service Fire appliance driving.
http://wn.com/EFAD_Driving_Blue_light_run_in_West_Sussex
West Sussex Fire & Rescue Service Fire appliance driving.
- published: 27 Sep 2011
- views: 2204
- author: DannyGame1988
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Fuelled by 9/11 and inspired by material avarice, the West has been proudly shouldering its “White Man’s Burden” across the Middle East and has now dipped into the Maghreb. Under the rippling flag of “democracy promotion,” the West has attempted to install prefabricated democracies in regional populations already steeped in decades of interventions—mostly at the hands of noble Anglo-Saxon tribes....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
29 Dec 2012
(West Sussex) ... (Horsham, West Sussex) ... For services to the community in Bognor Regis, West Sussex. (Bognor Regis, West Sussex) ... For services to the community in Nyewood West Sussex ... (Chichester, West Sussex) ... (Haywards Heath, West Sussex) ... George's Park Retirement Village in Burgess Hill West Sussex ... For services to charity and to the community in Storrington, West Sussex. (Pulborough, West Sussex) ... (Chichester, West Sussex) ... (West Sussex)....(size: 221.7Kb)
The Guardian
28 Dec 2012
Swamped roads and train lines, and signalling and engineering problems affect travellers from Cornwall to Northumberland. A pub is flooded in the village of Severn Stoke, near Worcester. Photograph. Christopher Furlong/Getty Images ... Flooding continued to affect West Country services ... Sections of the A27 at Chichester and at Lancing in West Sussex were hit by flooding, as was White Way in Alfriston, East Sussex ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
The Daily Mail
28 Dec 2012
The Daily Mail
28 Dec 2012
BBC News
28 Dec 2012
The Daily Telegraph
28 Dec 2012
Fox hunting is an issue for the countryside. 7.00AM GMT 28 Dec 2012. Comments ... Most MPs seem to agree ... Michael Jefferson ... Don Roberts ... the lawyers ... Fittleworth, West Sussex ... Haywards Heath, West Sussex ... SIR – As chairman of St Bede’s School Trust, Sussex, may I assure you that the decision to name our three schools Bede’s had nothing to do with political correctness or religion (Letters, December 27) ... Eastbourne, East Sussex....(size: 18.3Kb)
The Examiner
28 Dec 2012
People reported on Dec. 27, Kate Winslet and Richard Branson’s nephew, Ned Rocknroll, married secretly in New York. The actress of “Titanic” was given away by her romantic co-star, Leonardo DiCaprio ... According to The Telegraph, the couple had moved in together since September this year after purchasing a fifteenth-century hamlet home in West Sussex, London following their summer engagement announcement ... Related Content. ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
BBC News
28 Dec 2012
The King's Speech opens in the West End's Wyndham's Theatre to strong reviews (see also May). Stephen Sondheim's blood-splattered musical Sweeney Todd arrives in the West End from Chichester with Michael Ball as the demonic barber and Imelda Staunton as pie-making Mrs Lovett ... South Downs was part-inspired by Hare's own experiences as a boarder in the 1960s at Lancing College, in West Sussex....(size: 12.1Kb)
The Independent
27 Dec 2012
Lord Ashcroft, the Tory peer and dollar billionaire, announced plans in October to buy 150 acres of land in West Sussex via his Shellproof company, of which he owns 76 per cent, with a view to producing 400,000 bottles of sparkling wine a year ... Early interest that arose when vineyards such as Nyetimber in West Sussex started to win international awards in the 1990s is now bearing fruit....(size: 7.9Kb)
The Examiner
27 Dec 2012
Actress Kate Winslet's wedding with Ned Rocknroll was done under a "Titanic" veil of secrecy. The pair apparently tied the knot in New York earlier this month ... Also read ... Kate Winslet gallery ... After all, they took a large leap months ago by purchasing a $3 million 15th-century home in West Sussex, England together ... After all, they took a large leap in September by purchasing a $3 million 15th-century home in West Sussex, England together....(size: 2.9Kb)
Orange News
27 Dec 2012
Starpulse
27 Dec 2012
Belfast Telegraph
27 Dec 2012
Kate Winslet has reportedly married her boyfriend Ned Rocknroll ... According to UsWeekly, the couple secretly exchanged vows in New York City earlier this month ... He settled down with Kate earlier this year when the couple purchased a home in West Sussex, England, about one year after they met on his uncle's Necker Island, according to reports....(size: 1.6Kb)
For the former parliamentary constituency, see West Sussex (UK Parliament constituency). For a full list of settlements, see List of places in West Sussex.
| West Sussex | |
|---|---|
 Shown within England |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial and non-metropolitan county |
| Origin | 1974 (Local Government Act 1972) |
| Region | South East England |
| Area - Total - Admin. council |
Ranked 30th 1,991 km2 (769 sq mi) Ranked 27th |
| Admin HQ | Chichester |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-WSX |
| ONS code | 45 |
| NUTS 3 | UKJ24 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2010 est.) - Density |
Ranked 27th 799,800 402 /km2 (1,040 /sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | 96.6% White 1.7% S.Asian |
| Politics | |
|
West Sussex County Council http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/ |
|
| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament |
|
| Districts | |
|
|
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.[1]
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
Contents |
Settlements[link]
Most settlements in West Sussex are either along the south coast or in Mid Sussex, near the M23/A23 corridor. The town of Crawley is the largest in the county with an estimated population of 107,061.[2] The coastal settlement of Worthing closely follows with a population of 100,200 . The seaside resort of Bognor Regis and market town Horsham are both large towns. Chichester, the county town, has a cathedral and city status, and is situated not far from the border with Hampshire. Other towns of a similar size are Burgess Hill, East Grinstead and Haywards Heath in the Mid Sussex district, Littlehampton in the Arun district, and Lancing, Southwick and Shoreham in the Adur district.
Rustington and Southwater are the next largest settlements in the county. There are several more towns in West Sussex, although they are of similar size to other villages. The smaller towns of the county are Arundel, Midhurst, Petworth, and Steyning. The larger villages are Billingshurst, Copthorne, Crawley Down, Cuckfield, Henfield, Hassocks, Hurstpierpoint, Lindfield, Pulborough, and Storrington.
Communications and transport[link]
The M23 Motorway runs from London to the south of Crawley. The A23 and A24 roads run from London to Brighton and Worthing respectively with the A29 a little further west ending in Bognor Regis. Other major roads are the A272 which runs east to west through the middle of the county and the A27 which does the same but closer to the coast. The A259 is a local alternate route to the A27 in the eastern coastal strip.
Gatwick Airport, which handled over 32 million passengers in 2005, is located within the borders of Crawley, and is the second largest airport in the United Kingdom. There is also a considerably smaller local airport at Shoreham and a grass airfield handling light aircraft and helicopters at Goodwood. There are three main railway routes: the Brighton Main Line, the Arun Valley Line and the West Coastway Line.
Climate[link]
West Sussex is officially the sunniest county in the United Kingdom according to Met Office records over 29 years with an average 1902 hours per year. This compares with 1710 hours per year for Devon which is in second place.[3]
Politics[link]
National Politics[link]
As of the 2010 general election, West Sussex is represented entirely by Conservative MPs, after the only Labour Party seat in the county in 2005, Crawley swung to the Conservatives.
- Arundel & South Downs - Nick Herbert, Conservative, 57.8%
- Bognor Regis & Littlehampton - Nick Gibb, Conservative, 51.4%
- Chichester - Andrew Tyrie, Conservative, 55.3%
- Crawley - Henry Smith, Conservative, 44.8%
- Horsham - Francis Maude, Conservative, 52.7%
- Mid Sussex - Nicholas Soames, Conservative, 50.7%
- Worthing East & Shoreham - Tim Loughton, Conservative, 48.5%
- Worthing West - Peter Bottomley, Conservative, 51.7%
Local government[link]
County Council[link]
Main article: West Sussex County Council
West Sussex County Council (WSCC) is the authority that governs the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex. The county contains 7 district and borough councils ( Adur, Arun, Chichester, Crawley, Horsham, Mid Sussex and Worthing), and 159 town, parish and neighbourhood councils.
West Sussex County Council has 71 councillors; the majority of them being Conservative. There are 49 Conservative councillors, 18 Liberal Democrats, and 2 Labour Party councillors, 1 Independent councillor and 1 Green councillor.[5] The Chief Executive and his team of Executive Directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.
West Sussex County Council is based at County Hall, Chichester and provides a large range of services including education, social services, fire and rescue, libraries, town and country planning, refuse disposal and consumer services.
West Sussex Youth Cabinet[link]
| West Sussex Youth Cabinet | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | WSYC |
| Headquarters | Chichester, England |
| Region served | West Sussex |
| Membership | 48 |
| Parent organization | West Sussex County Council |
| Affiliations | UK Youth Parliament and West Sussex County Council |
| Website | [1] |
The West Sussex Youth Cabinet is a group of local representatives and the 4 UK Youth Parliament representatives, who are elected by young people in West Sussex. The Youth Cabinet represents the views of the young people in their areas at county level.
Elections[link]
West Sussex Youth Cabinet Runs elections every year in March. The elections for West Sussex Youth Cabinet are run along side the elections for UKYP. Elections in 2012 run from the 1st March 2012 at 8 am to the 30th March 2012 at 8pm.
UKYP[link]
West Sussex elects 4 representatives for UKYP With constituencies being divided as follows-
Chichester and West Arun
Crawley and East Grinstead and
Campaigns[link]
West Sussex Youth Cabinet runs campaigns which aim to better the lives of young people in West Sussex.
Some campaigns that have been run by the West Sussex Youth Cabinet are:
SRE Campaign- a campaign to include more adequate sex and relationships education in schools and to raise general awareness among young people about various ways to stay safe and healthy whilst having a sexual relationship.
Pol-Ed campaign- A campaign to have Politics introduced into the curriculum. Run alongside UKYP's own Pol-Ed campaign.
Safe Card Scheme- a scheme designed to help young people with disabilities if they ever get into trouble, weather that be with the law or in other situations.
West Sussex County Council introduced a card called the 3-in-1 card which allows young people to receive subsidized bus fares and other subsidized services. The 3-in-1 card was designed and created by the West Sussex Youth Cabinet in order to help young people to cope with excessive fees and prices. Several other Local Education Authorities have also piloted similar schemes throughout the United Kingdom.
Places of interest[link]
Castles, houses and other buildings[link]
- Arundel Castle
- Barnham Windmill
- Christ's Hospital, an old charitable school notable for its archaic uniforms and picturesque campus.
- Goodwood House and Goodwood Motor Circuit
- High Salvington windmill
- Hurstpierpoint College, a public school, notable for its substantial Sussex flint buildings and large campus.
- Lancing College, a public school, notable for its substantial Sussex sandstone chapel and large campus.
- Seaford College, a public school known for its large campus
- Nymans house and gardens, a National Trust property near Handcross, Haywards Heath
- Petworth House and deer park.
- Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead - Home of the McIndoe burns centre. Pioneered reconstructive surgery for burns patients during the Second World War.
- Sackville College, a Jacobean almshouse in East Grinstead
- Shipley Windmill, (no longer open to the public).
- Standen, East Grinstead
- Uppark, a 17th century mansion high on the South Downs.
- Cobnor House, home to the Beale Family who were heavily involved with Chichester Harbour.
Museums[link]
- Amberley Museum & Heritage Centre
- Steyning Museum[6]
- Tangmere Military Aviation Museum[7]
- Horsham Museum
- Weald and Downland Open Air Museum of historic buildings at Singleton
Nature[link]
- Pagham Harbour - A protected area of wetland that is an important feeding ground for birds.
- RSPB Pulborough Brooks
- Selsey Bill
- South Downs Way - a long distance footpath
- Stansted Park
- Tilgate Park
- Wakehurst Place
- WWT Arundel (a nature reserve of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust)
See also Sussex Wildlife Trust
Ancient history[link]
- Bignor Roman Villa
- Cissbury Ring and Chanctonbury Ring, ancient hill forts located on the South Downs
- Devil's Jumps, a group of Bronze Age burial mounds on the South Downs
- Fishbourne Roman Palace
Religious buildings[link]
- Chichester Cathedral - Anglican cathedral founded in 1075
- Arundel Cathedral - Roman Catholic cathedral
- Bosham Church - home church of Saxon royalty
- Church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Sompting - an 11th century Anglo-Saxon church.
- St. Nicholas' Church, Worth - a 10th century church in Worth, Crawley
- Cittaviveka - a Buddhist monastery in Chithurst
See also Category:Churches in West Sussex
The arts[link]
- Pallant House Gallery in Chichester houses one of the most significant collections of 20th century British art outside London. It includes a substantial body of early and mid-20th century work bequeathed by Walter Hussey (Dean of Chichester Cathedral, 1955–1977) and many later works donated by Sir Colin St John 'Sandy' Wilson.
- Worthing Museum and Art Gallery houses the biggest collection of Georgian & Victorian costume in South East England.
Other[link]
- Gatwick Airport
- Shoreham Airport - the world's oldest continually-operational airport.
- Hickstead Showjumping
- South Downs Planetarium & Science Centre - Sussex's only Planetarium
History[link]
File:W sussex arms 1889.png
The Coat of Arms of West Sussex County Council, used 1889 to 1975, is based on the heraldic shield of Sussex
Main article: History of Sussex
The foundation of the Kingdom of Sussex is recorded by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year AD 477, it says that Ælle arrived at a place called Cymenshore in three ships with his three sons and killed or put to flight the local inhabitants, the foundation story is regarded as somewhat of a myth by most historians, however the archaeology suggests that Saxons did start to settle in the area in the late 5th century.[8][9] The Kingdom of Sussex became the county of Sussex, and the county of Sussex eventually was split into the counties of East and West Sussex. Although the name Sussex is derived from the Saxon period between AD 477 to 1066, the history of human habitation in Sussex goes back to the Old Stone Age.[10] Sussex has been occupied since those times and has succumbed to various invasions and migrations throughout its long history.[10]
Economy[link]
This is a table of trend of regional gross value added of West Sussex at current basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.[11]
| Year | Regional gross value added[12] |
Agriculture[13] | Industry[14] | Services[15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 8,564 | 208 | 2,239 | 6,116 |
| 2000 | 10,576 | 162 | 2,545 | 7,869 |
| 2003 | 12,619 | 185 | 2,520 | 9,915 |
The following are some of the companies based in West Sussex:
- Burgess Hill
- Chichester
- Horsham
- Littlehampton
- Shoreham
- Ricardo PLC head office
- Shoreham Airport
- Worthing, Steyning
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in West Sussex
West Sussex has a comprehensive education system, with 36 county-maintained secondary schools, one Academy and over 20 independent senior schools. In addition, primary education is provided through a mix of around 240 infant, junior, primary, first and middle schools.
See also[link]
- East Sussex
- Sussex
- List of Lord Lieutenants of West Sussex
- List of High Sheriffs of West Sussex
- The Royal Sussex Regiment
- Eastbourne Redoubt Home of the Royal Sussex Regimental Museum
Image gallery[link]
-
Gatwick's South Terminal
-
Arun Valley at Amberley, West Sussex
-
Clayton Tunnel on the London to Brighton line.
-
Butchers Wood, Hassocks.JPG
Typical West Sussex woodland at Hassocks.
-
Poynings, from S Downs.JPG
View of West Sussex from the S Downs above Poynings
References[link]
- ^ West Sussex County Council: Leisure & Tourism
- ^ http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_51.113_-0.183.html
- ^ "Bognor Regis the sunniest spot in Britain". Telegraph. 28 December 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/weather/8593378/Bognor-Regis-the-sunniest-spot-in-Britain.html. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
- ^ "BBC NEWS – Election 2010 – South East". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/region/8.stm.
- ^ West Sussex County Council: Councillors
- ^ Steyning Museum
- ^ : Tangmere Military Aviation Museum | Tangmere Sussex :
- ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Parker MS. 477AD.
- ^ Welch, M.G. (1992). Anglo-Saxon England. English Heritage. ISBN 0-7134-6566-2. pg 9
- ^ a b Armstrong. History of Sussex. Chapter 2. The first Inhabitants
- ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf
- ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- ^ includes hunting and forestry
- ^ includes energy and construction
- ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 51°03′30″N 0°41′24″W / 51.05840°N 0.69006°W / 51.05840; -0.69006
http://wn.com/West_Sussex
Related pages:
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http://ru.wn.com/Западный Суссекс
http://pl.wn.com/West Sussex
http://fr.wn.com/Sussex de l'Ouest
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http://hi.wn.com/वेस्ट ससेक्स
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Sussex
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mary Portas | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1960-05-28) 28 May 1960 (age 52) Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom |
| Citizenship | British |
| Education | St Joan of Arc Convent, Hertfordshire |
| Alma mater | Watford School of Art |
| Occupation | Retail consultant |
| Employer | Yellowdoor |
| Known for | Television presenter, author |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Website | |
| http://www.maryportas.com | |
Mary Portas aka Mary Queen of Shops (born 28 May 1960),[1] is an English businesswoman, retail expert, and broadcaster, best-known for her retail and business related television shows, and most recently for her appointment by the British prime minister to lead a review into the future of Britain's high streets.
Contents
|
Early life and education[link]
Portas was born and brought up in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, in a family of five children. She was educated at St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth.[2] Her mother died of meningits when Portas was aged 16, and her father, a sales director of Brooke Bond, the tea manufacturer,[3] died of a heart attack two years later forcing Portas, aged 18, to turn down a place at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in order to look after her younger brother.
Career[link]
Portas started her career in retail with a Saturday job in John Lewis. She then had a part-time, and later a full-time, job with Harrods where she was responsible for window displays for about three years,[2] before joining TopShop as display manager. While in this job, she was spotted by Burton Group chairman Sir Ralph Halpern.[4]
Her next role brought Portas her first taste of fame and public acclaim, as creative director of Harvey Nichols. Portas is credited with turning Harvey Nichols into a leading modern fashion brand.[5] She created the groundbreaking Harvey Nichols window displays that became part of the guided tours of London — one of her most famous displays was "Autumn Intrusion" - a commission by artist Thomas Heatherwick that won a D&AD Gold award in 1997.[6][7] She then persuaded the store's owners to use younger designers, and gained publicity in the BBC’s Absolutely Fabulous series in the 1990s, after promising writer and star of the show Jennifer Saunders the run of the store for research in return for Saunders namechecking the business.[8] By the age of 30, Portas was a member of the company's board.
Portas left Harvey Nichols in 1997 to launch Yellowdoor, a Retail & Brand agency that she now runs with Peter Cross. Yellowdoor advises retail, fashion, luxury, and consumer brands on Strategy, Communications, and Marketing.[9] Yellowdoor's current clients include, Westfield London, Westfield Stratford City, Clarks, Swarovski, Havaianas and Australian retail brands Sportsgirl and Sussan.[9]
Yellowdoor has worked with many retail and luxury brands, including Patek Phillipe, Boden, John Smedley[disambiguation needed 
], Holland & Holland, Clinique, Louis Vuitton, Oasis, Radley, House of Fraser Acne and Matalan.
Portas is claimed to be one of the UK's foremost authorities on retail and brand communication.[10][11] She regularly travels around the world advising on retail strategy and frequently lectures on the theme of brands and retail. Notably, Portas spoke alongside Neil Armstrong at the Cannes Palais Festivals in October 2007, [12][13] and is due to speak at the Yorkshire International Business Convention with the Dalai Lama in June 2012 [14].
Notable career milestones[link]
Before the age of 30, Portas became a member of the board at Harvey Nichols.
In 1997 Portas left Harvey Nichols to launch her consultancy business, Yellowdoor. When asked in Radio Times interview why she left Harvey Nichols, Portas is quoted to have said "I wanted to create my own world. I wanted freedom."
Mary's first television appearance was a a guest on Richard & Judy in 2005, where she was spotted by television producer Patricia Llewellyn who would go on to sign Portas to production company Optomen Television.
Portas began writing her weekly 'Shop!' column for the Telegraph Magazine in 2005, in which she reviews a different retailer every week.
The column is said to have inspired Mary's first television series, Mary Queen of Shops, which aired on BBC2 on 31st May 2007.
On 19 June 2009, in a ceremony at Galashiels, Heriot-Watt University awarded Portas a Doctorate of Letters in recognition of her career and her contribution to the advancement of marketing and brand communications within the retail sector.
In December 2009, Portas opened her first permanent 'Living & Giving Shop' in support of charity Save the Children. She was also named as the charity's Glabal Retail Ambassador.
In 2011, Portas moved from BBC to Channel 4. Her first series for the channel was 'Mary Portas: Secret Shopper' which aired in January 2011.
In August 2011, Portas opened her own shop, called "Mary & House of Fraser" within UK department store House of Fraser's Oxford Street flagship. The store stocks her first fashion collection, called 'Mary Portas', as well as other product collaborations including a footwear collection with Clarks - "Mary & Clarks", and a hoisery collection with Charnos - "Mary & Charnos". Portas also launched a new product innovation, 'Armery', which is a hoisery-type garment for the arms. The product is designed to "banish bingo wings".
In the December 2011 issue of fashion industry journal Drapers, Mary was named as the 6th most influential person in fashion.
On the 13th December 2011, Mary published The Portas Review, an independant report into the future of Britain's high streets. She was appointed in May 2011 by British Prime Minister, David Cameron. The report sets out 28 key recommendations to rescue Britains high streets.
Books[link]
Portas' first book, Windows - the Art of Retail Display, ISBN 978-0500019443 was published in five languages by Thames & Hudson.
Her second book, How to Shop with Mary, Queen of Shops, ISBN 978-1846072147 was published by BBC Books in 2007 to accompany the television series. The book was co-authored by Peter Cross, Josh Sims and Melanie Rickey.
Journalism[link]
Since 2005 Mary has written a weekly column Shop!, for the Daily Telegraph magazine, reviewing shops across the country. She started writing the column in 2005 and it was her critiquing of shops that was the inspiration for the BBC documentary and accompanying book.[15] Each week, Portas reviews shop based on their shopability, service and website - awarding retailers marks out of 10.
Portas' top-rated shops include Louis Vuitton, Reiss, John Lewis, Liberty and APC.
Between 2008 and 2010 Portas wrote a weekly column for consumer fashion magazine Grazia, offering career advice and mentoring to the magazine's readers.
Television career[link]
Portas' programmes are shown in over 20 international territories, including on Australia's Lifestyle Channel.
Mary Queen of Shops (2007 - 2010) was Portas' first series. The format follows Mary helping struggling independent shops by offering retail and business advice. As part of the process, retailers also received a full shop-fit redesign overseen by Portas.
Series Guide:
- Series 1 (4 episodes): 31st May - 21st June 2007 - this series saw Portas visit 4 failing independent fashion boutiques aiming to revitalize their businesses. The BBC published a tie-in book entitled How to Shop with Mary Queen of Shops.
- Series 2 (6 episodes): 9th June - 14th July 2008
- Series 3 (6 episodes): 7th June - 12th July 2009 - this series saw Mary broaden her focus from fashion boutiques to saving key shops on the high street. Retailers inluded a local shop, a greengrocer, a baker, an interiors shop, a hairdressers, and a hardware shop. Notably, the first episode in the series featured a Wimbledon based bakery whose owner refused to accept any of Mary's recommendations. The series earned Portas a nomination for the British Academy Television Awards's Best Feature award, which was eventually won by Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's series Hugh's Fish Fight.
Mary Queen of Charity Shops (5th November - 19th November 2009) saw Portas apply the business makeover format to the Orpington branch of Save the Children's network of Charity shops. By the end of the series Mary had successfully turned this worst-performing store into the best.
Mary Portas: Secret Shopper (19th January - 9th February 2011; 6 episodes)was Portas' first series following her move to Channel 4, and saw her using different disguises and secret filming to reveal bad customer service in UK shops.
Mary Queen of Frocks (4th October - 18th October 2011; 3 episodes) was a departure from the produced shows that Mary had presented previously, and instead was an observational documentary that followed Mary as she tried to launch her own shop aimed at 40+ women with UK retailer House of Fraser.
Mary's Bottom Line (March 2012; 3 episodes) shows Portas try to revitalize the UK's manufacturing industry by reopening an underwear factory in Manchester [16].
Other television appearances[link]
Mary hosted an episode of The Money Programme called Mary Portas: Save Our Shops in June 2009.
She appeared in the Panorama documentary On The Rack which exposed unethical production practices by fast fashion retailer Primark; and has appeared on The Apprentice: You're Fired four times.
In March 2011, Portas regularly appeared in the Channel 4 series Lily Allen: From Riches to Rags, in which she advised the pop star on her venture into fashion retail.
Mary's Living and Giving Shops for Save the Children[link]
Following the BBC2 series Mary Queen of Charity Shops in June 2009, Mary was appointed as Global Retail Ambassador for Save the Children.[17] She developed the "Living & Giving" concept as a new type of charity shop that puts the local community at its heart - "not just a shop, but a place to inspire, share, create, meet and discover".[18] The first Living & Giving shop Portas opened was a three-week-long pop up at Westfield London, earning the charity over £190,000.[19] Portas has gone on to open five permanent Living & Giving shops, in Edinburgh, Westbourne Grove, Primrose Hill and Parson's Green and Barnes.[18][19][20]
Retail venture[link]
In August 2011 she opened her first retail shop as a concession in House of Fraser's Oxford Street branch.[21] The shop, named Mary & House of Fraser, sells clothing and lifestyle products aimed at the 40+ female market,[22] and was filmed for a Channel 4 documentary Mary Queen of Frocks that aired in October 2011.
Government appointment[link]
 |
The embedded lists in this article may contain items that are not encyclopedic. Please help out by removing such elements and incorporating appropriate items into the main body of the article. (December 2011) |
In May 2011 she was appointed by the Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg to lead an independent review into the future of the high street. She published her report "The Portas Review" on 13 December 2011.[23] Portas states the aim of her review to "put the heart back into the centre of our High Streets, re-imagined as destinations for socialising, culture, health, wellbeing, creativity and learning".[24] The review goes on to detail 28 specific recommendations[25] -
1. Put in place a “Town Team”: a visionary, strategic and strong operational management team for high streets
2. Empower successful Business Improvement Districts to take on more responsibilities and powers and become “Super-BIDs”
3. Legislate to allow landlords to become high street investors by contributing to their Business Improvement District
4. Establish a new “National Market Day” where budding shopkeepers can try their hand at operating a low-cost retail business
5. Make it easier for people to become market traders by removing unnecessary regulations so that anyone can trade on the high street unless there is a valid reason why not
6. Government should consider whether business rates can better support small businesses and independent retailers
7. Local authorities should use their new discretionary powers to give business rate concessions to new local businesses
8. Make business rates work for business by reviewing the use of the RPI with a view to changing the calculation to CPI
9. Local areas should implement free controlled parking schemes that work for their town centres and we should have a new parking league table
10. Town Teams should focus on making high streets accessible, attractive and safe
11. Government should include high street deregulation as part of their ongoing work on freeing up red tape
12. Address the restrictive aspects of the ‘Use Class’ system to make it easier to change the uses of key properties on the high street
13. Put betting shops into a separate ‘Use Class’ of their own
14. Make explicit a presumption in favour of town centre development in the wording of the National Planning Policy Framework
15. Introduce Secretary of State “exceptional sign off ” for all new out-of-town developments and require all large new developments to have an “affordable shops” quota
16. Large retailers should support and mentor local businesses and independent retailers
17. Retailers should report on their support of local high streets in their annual report
18. Encourage a contract of care between landlords and their commercial tenants by promoting the leasing code and supporting the use of lease structures other than upward only rent reviews, especially for small businesses
19. Explore further disincentives to prevent landlords from leaving units vacant
20. Banks who own empty property on the high street should either administer these assets well or be required to sell them
21. Local authorities should make more proactive use of Compulsory Purchase Order powers to encourage the redevelopment of key high street retail space
22. Empower local authorities to step in when landlords are negligent with new “Empty Shop Management Orders”
23. Introduce a public register of high street landlords
24. Run a high profile campaign to get people involved in Neighbourhood Plans
25. Promote the inclusion of the High Street in Neighbourhood Plans
26. Developers should make a financial contribution to ensure that the local community has a strong voice in the planning system
27. Support imaginative community use of empty properties through Community Right to Buy, Meanwhile Use and a new “Community Right to Try”
28. Run a number of High Street Pilots to test proof of concept
On 13 December the Prime Minister David Cameron issued a statement thanking Portas for her review and explaining that the Government would respond to her recommendations in Spring 2012.[26] Cameron said "I am delighted that Mary Portas has produced such a clear vision of how we can create vibrant and diverse town centres and breathe life back into our high streets."[26]
Portas Pilot towns[link]
On 4 February 2012 the minister for local government, Grant Shapps, announced that towns across England could bid to become Portas pilot areas. A total of 12 towns were to receive a share of £1m, as well as the support of the Minister, Whitehall, and Mary Portas.[27][28] In May 2012 the twelve towns to be helped were announced as: Bedford, Croydon, Dartford, Greater Bedminster, Liskeard, Margate, Market Rasen, Nelson, Lancashire, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees and Wolverhampton.[29]
Twitter[link]
She was named as one of the top 100 Tweeters in the UK by The Independent in 2011.
Personal life[link]
Portas was married to chemical engineer and Unilever executive Graham Portas for 14 years and together they had son Mylo (born 19 January 1994)[30] and daughter Verity.[2][31] Portas now lives with her civil partner,[32] Grazia magazine fashion features editor Melanie Rickey, in Maida Vale with her children, after an amicable divorce from her husband.[3] In 2012 it was announced in The Times that Rickey was pregnant with her first child.[31]
She spends her money on art, wine, theatre and chocolate, and enjoys gardening.[2]
References[link]
- ^ Davidson, Andrew (5 July 2008). "Tills ring for Mary Portas, queen of shop — Page 4". London: The Sunday Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article4275439.ece?token=null&offset=36. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ a b c d Davidson, Andrew (5 July 2008). "Tills ring for Mary Portas, queen of shop — Page 5". London: The Sunday Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article4275439.ece?token=null&offset=48. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ a b Sands, Sarah (1 June 2007). "I'm Mary, Queen of Shops — with all the advice on shopping you need". London: The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-458826/Im-Mary-Queen-Shops--advice-shopping-need.html. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ Davidson, Andrew (5 July 2008). "Tills ring for Mary Portas, queen of shop — Page 3". London: The Sunday Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article4275439.ece?token=null&offset=24. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ "Mary Portas". The Brand Council. Archived from the original on 30 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080330235316/http://www.thebrandcouncil.org/53943. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ "THE CREAM OF D&AD: Gold awards might have eluded ads at D&AD this year, but Tim Mellors thinks there is still much work that is worthy of praise. Here, he picks his highlights | Advertising news | Campaign". Campaignlive.co.uk. 1998-05-15. http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/23939/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "Autumn Intrusion « Heatherwick Studio". Heatherwick.com. http://www.heatherwick.com/autumn-intrusion/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ Davidson, Andrew (5 July 2008). "Tills ring for Mary Portas, queen of shop — Page 2". London: The Sunday Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article4275439.ece?token=null&offset=12. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ a b "Yellowdoor". Yellowdoor. http://www.yellow-door.com/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "High Street Review | Policies". BIS. http://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/business-sectors/retail/high-street-review. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "Mary Portas". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/journalists/mary-portas/.
- ^ http://www.drinksint.com/news/archivestory.php/aid/64/Reach_for_the_sky.html
- ^ http://www.trbusiness.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5510:TFWA-+6%-to-5,676-visitors&catid=8:international&Itemid=13
- ^ http://www.yibc.biz/
- ^ Portas, Mary (5 May 2007). "Retail therapist — Mary's mission". London: The Daily Telegraph magazine. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/05/05/smretail05.xml. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
- ^ http://www.channel4.com/programmes/marys-bottom-line
- ^ Wood, Zoe (11 December 2011). "Mary Portas: can her majesty save the high street?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2011/dec/11/observer-profile-mary-portas.
- ^ a b "Mary's Living and Giving Shop, supporting Save the Children". Mary Portas. 2011-08-25. http://www.maryportas.com/livingandgiving/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ a b "Interview: Mary Portas, retail guru - Fashion". Scotsman.com. 2009-11-23. http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/fashion/interview_mary_portas_retail_guru_1_472367. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "New shop to open in stylish Primrose Hill | Save the Children UK". Savethechildren.org.uk. 2010-12-09. http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/news/2010/12/mary-portas-primrose-hill. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ Betts, Hannah (18 August 2011). "High street shopping: There's a lot in store at Mary's". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8706724/High-street-shopping-Theres-a-lot-in-store-at-Marys.html.
- ^ Daily Mail (London). 17 September 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-2036938/Mary-Portas-Why-fashion-guru-mission-mumsiness.html.
- ^ "Mary Portas reviews the future of the high street | News". BIS. http://www.bis.gov.uk/news/topstories/2011/May/high-street-review. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ 12 Dec 2011 (2011-12-12). "| Mary Portas Official". Maryportas.com. http://www.maryportas.com/news/2011/12/12/the-portas-review/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ 12 Dec 2011 (2011-12-12). "| Mary Portas Official". Maryportas.com. http://www.maryportas.com/news/2011/12/12/my-28-recommendations/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ a b "Government will consider Portas’ recomendations(sic)". Number 10. 2011-12-13. http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/government-will-review-portas-recomendations/. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "Grant Shapps: Bid to become a Portas Pilot - Corporate - Department for Communities and Local Government". Communities.gov.uk. http://www.communities.gov.uk/news/corporate/2082138. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "12 towns offered chance to become a 'Portas Pilot' : Directgov - Newsroom". Direct.gov.uk. 2012-02-04. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Nl1/Newsroom/DG_200994. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "High Streets to share £1.2m funding". 26 May 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18212669.
- ^ "Athlete Profile". Thepowerof10.info. 1994-01-19. http://www.thepowerof10.info/athletes/profile.aspx?athleteid=70540. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ a b Elizabeth Sanderson (2012-03-04). "Mary, the Queen of Mums: Pregnancy for female partner of TV retail guru Portas | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2109948/Mary-Queen-Mums-Pregnancy-female-partner-TV-retail-guru-Portas.html. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ^ "WARNING: Very Stylish Mary Portas and Melanie Rickey Wedding Photos Inside". Queeried magazine. 2 June 2010. http://www.queeried.co.uk/mary-portas-melanie-rickey-wedding/. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
External links[link]
- Portas' website
- Shop!, The Telegraph's Saturday magazine
- Channel 4 website
- Portas' Twitter
- Yellowdoor - Portas' retail consultancy
- Mary Portas at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Portas, Mary |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Retail consultant |
| Date of birth | 1962-05-28 |
| Place of birth | Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mary_Portas
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Portas
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Gatwick" redirects here. For the village in Surrey, see Gatwick, Surrey.
"LGW" redirects here. For the German regional airline with ICAO code LGW, see Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter.
| Gatwick Airport London Gatwick Airport |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
| IATA: LGW – ICAO: EGKK | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Owner | Global Infrastructure Partners | ||
| Operator | Gatwick Airport Limited | ||
| Serves | London | ||
| Location | Crawley, West Sussex, United Kingdom | ||
| Hub for | British Airways | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 203 ft / 62 m | ||
| Coordinates | 51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028Coordinates: 51°08′53″N 000°11′25″W / 51.14806°N 0.19028°W / 51.14806; -0.19028 | ||
| Website | www.gatwickairport.com | ||
| Map | |||
 LGW
|
|||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| m | ft | ||
| 08L/26R | 2,565 | 8,415 | Asphalt/Concrete |
| 08R/26L | 3,316 | 10,879 | Asphalt/Concrete |
| Statistics (2011) | |||
| Passengers | 33,674,264 | ||
| Passenger change 10-11 |  7.3% |
||
| Aircraft Movements | 251,067 | ||
| Movements change 10-11 | 4.4% |
||
| Sources: UK AIP at NATS[1] Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[2] |
|||
Gatwick Airport (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK) is located 3.1 mi (5.0 km) north of the centre of Crawley,[1] West Sussex, and 29.5 mi (47.5 km) south of Central London.[3] Also known as London Gatwick,[4] it is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow.[5] Furthermore, Gatwick is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights[nb 1] and has the world's busiest single-use runway averaging 52 aircraft movements an hour.[6][7] Its two terminals – North and South – cover an area of 810,000 sq ft (75,000 m2) and 1,300,000 sq ft (120,000 m2) respectively.[8]
In 2011, over 33.6 million passengers passed through Gatwick.[2]
Charter airlines generally prefer Gatwick over Heathrow as a base for London and the South East of England. From 1978 to 2008, many flights to and from the United States used Gatwick because of restrictions on the use of Heathrow implemented in the Bermuda II agreement between the UK and the US.[9][10][11][12][13]. Under the agreement Heathrow allowed the right for only two US carrier and two UK carrier to serve flights to the United States. Currently, US Airways is the only US carrier that still serves Gatwick from the US. The airport is a base for scheduled operators Aer Lingus, British Airways (BA), EasyJet, Flybe, Monarch Airlines and Virgin Atlantic, as well as charter airlines including Thomas Cook Airlines and Thomson Airways. Gatwick is unique amongst London's airports in having a significant airline presence representing each of the three main airline business models: full service, low/no frills and charter.[14] As of January 2011, these respectively accounted for 37, 51 and 12% of total passenger traffic.[15]
BAA Limited and its predecessors, the British Airports Authority and BAA plc, owned and operated Gatwick continuously from 1 April 1966 until 2 December 2009.[16][17][18] On 17 September 2008, BAA announced it would sell Gatwick following a report by the Competition Commission into BAA's market dominance in London and the South East. On 21 October 2009, it was announced that agreement had been reached to sell Gatwick to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP), the owners of London City Airport, for £1.51 billion. Of this amount, £55 million will depend on the airport's future traffic development and its owners' future capital structure (£10 million and £45 million respectively).[19] The sale was formally completed on 3 December 2009. On this day, Gatwick's ownership passed from BAA to GIP.[20] In early-2010, GIP reportedly sold minority stakes in Gatwick to the National Pension Service of Korea and Abu Dhabi Investment Authority.[21][22] On 18 June 2010, it was reported that CalPERS, California's and the US's biggest state pension fund, had bought a 12.7% equity stake in Gatwick Airport from GIP.[23][24] An announcement made in the Financial Times on 21 December 2010 stated that the Future Fund, a sovereign wealth fund set up by the Australian government, planned to buy a 17.2% stake in Gatwick Airport from GIP.[25]
Contents |
History[link]
File:Aa oldgatwick airport00.jpg
Gatwick Airport area as at about 1925 with current airport boundary in green outline.
- 1241: The name "Gatwick" is first recorded, as Gatwik, the name of a manor, on the site of today's airport (under the northmost edge of North Terminal's aircraft taxiing area). Until the 19th century, it was owned by the De Gatwick family.[26] Its name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words gāt, 'goat', and wīc, 'dairy farm', i.e. 'goat farm'.[27] (On the adjacent map, Gatwick Manor is at the northwest end of the racecourse; its name is somewhat obscured by the map's paper being eroded over an old crease. The site of the modern runway runs roughly from the racecourse to the lane junction at Hydefield farm southeast of Charlwood. Comparing old and new maps seems to show that the modern Gatwick Manor hotel is not the old Gatwick Manor but a rename for another old building, near Lowfield Heath.)
- 21 September 1841: The London and Brighton Railway opened, running near Gatwick Manor.
- 1890: The descendants of the original owners sold the area to the newly established Gatwick Race Course Company.
- 1891: The new owners opened a horse racecourse (Gatwick Racecourse), beside the London–Brighton railway, and a dedicated station including sidings for horse boxes.[26] The course held steeplechase and flat races.
- 1916, 1917, 1918: During World War I the racecourse hosted the Grand National.[26]
Airport infrastructure and airline operations[link]
1920–1945[link]
.jpg)
- Late 1920s: Land adjacent to the racecourse at Hunts Green Farm along Tinsley Green Lane was used as an aerodrome.
- August 1930: Following a change in land ownership, the aerodrome was licensed. It was called Gatwick Aerodrome.[28]
- Later in 1930: The Surrey Aero Club was formed at the aerodrome by a Ronald Waters, who had been the manager of Home Counties Aircraft Service Ltd based at Penshurst Airfield in Kent. Surrey Aero Club used the old Hunts Green farmhouse as club house.[29][30]
- 1932: Redwing Aircraft Company bought the aerodrome and operated a flying school. The aerodrome was also used for pilots flying in to races.
- 1933: The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from Gatwick. The aerodrome was sold for £13,500 to Morris Jackaman, an investor.
- 1934: Morris Jackaman formed a new airport company named Airports Limited. Hillman's Airways became Gatwick's first commercial airline operator as a result of starting scheduled services from the airport to Belfast and Paris.
- 1935: A new airline named Allied British Airways was formed, by a merger between Hillman's Airways, United Airways and Spartan Airways. The newly formed carrier, which subsequently shortened its name to British Airways, became Gatwick's principal operator.[26]
- 6 July 1935: Gatwick Aerodrome closed for building works (building of the The Beehive (a circular terminal building) commenced).
- September 1935: A new railway station called Gatwick served by two trains an hour on the Victoria–Brighton line opened. (The present Gatwick station is on the same site.)
- 30 September 1935: Tinsley Green railway station opened 0.85 mi (1.37 km) south of the present Gatwick station.
- May 1936: Some flights started.
- 17 May 1936: The first scheduled flight to depart The Beehive was bound for Paris. The applicable air fare was £4 5s, including a first class rail ticket from London Victoria.[26]
- 6 June 1936 Gatwick airport officially reopened; The Beehive officially opened. The Beehive was designed by Frank Hoar and included a subway to Gatwick Airport railway station that let passengers travel from London Victoria Station to the aircraft without stepping outside. Tinsley Green railway station was renamed Gatwick Airport.[31][32][33][34][35][36][37]
- September and November 1936: Two fatal accidents questioned the airport's safety.[38][39][40] Moreover, the area was prone to fog and waterlogging as a result of poor drainage due to heavy clay soils. This in turn caused the new subway to flood after rain.
- 1937: As a result and because longer landing strips were needed, the pre-war British Airways moved to Croydon Airport. Gatwick went back to private flying and was contracted as a Royal Air Force (RAF) flying school.[26] The airport also attracted repair companies.
- September 1939: The Air Ministry requisitioned Gatwick.[26]
- World War II: Although the airfield became a base for RAF night-fighters and an army co-operation squadron, it was mainly a repair and maintenance facility.[41]
- 1940: Horse racing at Gatwick ceased.
1945–1958[link]
- 1946: Gatwick Airport was officially decommissioned, but the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation continued to operate it as a civil airfield, initially for a six-month trial period.[26] During that period, the airport provided maintenance facilities and charter companies flying war-surplus aircraft started to use it; however, persistent drainage issues affected the airport's usage. Most commercial air services were cargo flights. The original Gatwick railway station was renamed Gatwick Racecourse.
- November 1948: The owners warned that the airport could be de-requisitioned by November 1949 and revert to private use. Stansted was favoured as London's second airport and Gatwick's future was in doubt.
- 1950: Despite opposition from local authorities, the Cabinet decided that Gatwick was to be an alternative to Heathrow.
- May 1950: Gatwick's first chartered flight departed the original airport's grass runway for Calvi on the Mediterranean island of Corsica with a refuelling stop in Nice. Jersey-based UK independent[nb 2] airline Air Transport Charter (C.I.) Ltd operated this flight under contract to UK package tour pioneer Vladimir Raitz's Horizon Holidays, using a 32-seat Douglas DC-3 carrying 11 passengers.[42][43]
- July 1952: The Government said that the airport was to be developed, primarily to cater to aircraft diverted from Heathrow in bad weather.
- 1956–1958: Temporary closure for a £7.8 million renovation.[26][41][44] During that period, British European Airways (BEA) continued using Gatwick for its helicopter operations.[44] The redevelopment was carried out by Alfred McAlpine.[45] It entailed diverting the A23 London—Brighton trunk road and the River Mole, and building the runway across the erstwhile racecourse site and rebuilding the former racecourse railway station alongside the new terminal.[44] The main pier of what is now the South Terminal was built during this construction work.
1958–1970[link]
- 27 May 1958: The original Gatwick railway station, which had been rebuilt, reopened as Gatwick Airport. The railway station at Tinsley Green shut and never reopened.
- 30 May 1958: Before the official opening, Transair operated the first commercial air service from the new Gatwick;[26][46][47] a Jersey Airlines de Havilland Heron was the first scheduled aircraft to arrive at the newly reconstructed airport.[28][48]
- 9 June 1958: Queen Elizabeth II flew into the new airport in a de Havilland Heron of the Queen's Flight to perform the opening. The first "official" flight to depart Gatwick following the reopening ceremony was a BEA DC-3 operating a charter for Surrey County Council to Jersey and Guernsey.[44] Gatwick was the world's first airport with a direct railway link and the first to combine mainline rail travel, trunk road facilities and an air terminal building in one unit.[41] It was also one of the first to have an enclosed pier-based terminal, which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas close to aircraft with only a short walk outdoors.[26] Another novel feature of Gatwick's new air terminal was its modular design. This permitted subsequent, phased expansion.[44]
- 1958/59: BEA started using Gatwick. Sudan Airways and BWIA West Indies Airways were among Gatwick's first scheduled overseas airlines. The former's Blue Nile services were the first scheduled flights from Gatwick by a foreign airline.[nb 3] These services operated between Khartoum and London Gatwick via Cairo, Athens and Rome, initially using Airwork Vickers Viscount aircraft. British United Airways (BUA) assumed this operation the following year, as a result of the Airwork – Hunting-Clan merger. (BUA were also acting as Sudan Airways's technical advisers.)[49][50] US supplemental carriers[nb 4] Seven Seas Airlines, Capitol International, President Airlines and Transocean Airlines, as well as various South European and Scandinavian charter operators, figured prominently among Gatwick's early overseas users.[50]
- Late 1950s: From here on, a number of Britain's private airlines established themselves at Gatwick. The first was Transair.[51] It was followed by Airwork, Hunting-Clan and Morton Air Services. In July 1960, these merged to form British United Airways. Throughout the 1960s, BUA was Britain's largest independent airline. During that decade, it became Gatwick's largest resident airline. By the end of the decade, it also became the airport's leading scheduled operator, with a 44,100 mi (71,000 km) network of short, medium and long-haul routes across Europe, Africa and South America. These were served with contemporary BAC One-Eleven and Vickers VC10 jet aircraft.[52]
- Early 1960s: Despite rapid expansion of BUA's and other airlines' scheduled activities at Gatwick, the airport was dominated by non-scheduled services well into the 1980s. The bulk of these were inclusive tour (IT) passenger services provided by a growing number of British independent operators and their overseas counterparts. During the 1960s, IT services accounted for between two-thirds and three-quarters of Gatwick's annual passengers, earning the airport its bucket and spade tag.[50]
- 1962: Two additional piers were added.[28]
- 1 May 1963: Non-scheduled operators began implementing the Ministry of Aviation's instruction to transfer all regular charter flights from Heathrow to Gatwick, restricting the former's use for non-scheduled operations to "occasional" charter flights only.[53]
- 1964: Gatwick's original, relatively short 7,000 ft (2,100 m) late-1950s paved runway was extended by 1,200 ft (370 m) to 8,200 ft (2,500 m) due to new noise rules governing the operation of jet aircraft at airports close to or surrounded by densely populated urban areas.[26][54] BEA Helicopters made Gatwick their administrative and engineering base.[55]
- 1965: By now, each of the three piers was nearly 1,000 ft (300 m) long and the entire terminal complex had a floor area of 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2).[26][41] Fully extendible jet bridges were added when the piers were rebuilt and extended in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[26]
1970–1999[link]
- 1970: Second extension of Gatwick's runway by 875 ft (267 m) to 9,075 ft (2,766 m) to permit non-stop jet operations to the US east coast with a full payload and full-range/payload operations by British United and Caledonian BAC One-Eleven 500s.[26][56] BEA Airtours made Gatwick their base.[57]
- Late November 1970: BUA was acquired by the Scottish charter airline Caledonian Airways. The new airline was known as Caledonian//BUA. BUA's takeover by Caledonian enabled the latter to transform itself into a scheduled airline. In addition to scheduled routes inherited from BUA, it launched scheduled services to Europe, North and West Africa, North America as well as the Middle and Far East during the 1970s and '80s.
- September 1971: Caledonian//BUA became British Caledonian (BCal).
- November 1971: BCal commenced the first scheduled service by a wholly private UK airline since the 1930s between London and Paris from Gatwick to Le Bourget.[58]
- November 1972: Laker Airways became the first operator of widebody aircraft at Gatwick, following the introduction of two McDonnell-Douglas DC-10-10 aircraft.[59] Laker's DC-10 fleet expanded throughout the 1970s and early '80s. This included longer-range -30s, which were introduced from 1980.
- 1973: Third extension of Gatwick's runway to 10,165 ft (3,098 m) to allow non-stop narrowbody operations to the US west coast with a full payload and commercially viable, long-range widebody operations.[26]
- April 1973: BCal inaugurated the first transatlantic scheduled services by a private UK airline to New York and Los Angeles.[60][61]
- March and May 1977: BCal introduced its first two DC-10-30s at Gatwick.[62]
- 26 September 1977: Laker Airways launched Skytrain, Gatwick's first daily long-haul, no frills flights to John F. Kennedy (JFK) Airport.[63]
- Late 1970s: Several Government initiatives in support of Gatwick's development resulted in steady growth in passenger numbers in the late 1970s. Amongst these, were new policies seeking the transfer of all scheduled services between London and the Iberian peninsula from Heathrow to Gatwick[64] and compelling all airlines that were planning to operate a scheduled service to or from London for the first time to use Gatwick instead of Heathrow. The latter policy was officially known as the "London [Air] Traffic Distribution Rules". It came into effect on 1 April 1978 and was applied retroactively from 1 April 1977. These rules were designed to achieve a fairer distribution of traffic between London Heathrow and London Gatwick, the UK's two main international gateway airports. The policy was aimed at increasing Gatwick's utilisation to help the airport make a profit.[65][66] Another pro-active measure the Government took to aid Gatwick's development at the time was to grant permission for a high-frequency helicopter shuttle service linking both of London's main airports.[67]
- 9 June 1978: The 20th anniversary of Gatwick's reopening by Queen Elizabeth II coincided with the joint inauguration by BCal, British Airways Helicopters and the BAA of a new helicopter shuttle service linking the airport with London Heathrow.[68][69]
- August 1980: BCal launched the UK's first private scheduled air service to Hong Kong (via Dubai).[60][61]
- 1982: BCal started to operate a small fleet of Boeing 747–200s at Gatwick.[70]
- 1983: As passenger numbers grew, a circular satellite pier was added to the terminal building, connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated people mover system[26] (now replaced with a walkway and travelators). There was a need for more capacity and a second terminal was planned. As a result, construction began on the North Terminal, the largest construction project south of London in the 1980s. It cost £200 million.[71][72][73]
- 1984: The new air traffic control tower opened. The non-stop Gatwick Express rail service to London Victoria station was launched.[73]
- July 1985: A British Airways Concorde operated the type's first-ever commercial flight from Gatwick.[28]
- Year ending April 1987: Gatwick overtook New York JFK as the world's second-busiest international airport, handling 15.86 million international passengers – 100,000 more than JFK.[74]
- 18 March 1988: Queen Elizabeth II opened the North Terminal.[75] Gatwick's two terminals were connected by an automated rapid track transit system.
- End of the 1989/90 financial year: Scheduled passengers outnumbered holidaymakers travelling on non-scheduled services for the first time in Gatwick's post-war history. The latter had accounted for more than half the airport's passengers during the 1970s and most of the 1980s.[76]
- 1991: The North Terminal was expanded with a second aircraft pier.
- 1991–1992: Dan-Air replaced Air Europe as Gatwick's principal short-haul scheduled operator following the latter's demise at the beginning of that period. Dan-Air and Air Europe had played an important role in the development of Gatwick and its short-haul scheduled route network.[77][78][79][80][81][82]
- 1994: The North Terminal international departures lounge and phase 1 of the South Terminal international departures lounge opened. Both developments cost £30 million.[26]
- 1998: Fourth extension of Gatwick's runway to 10,879 ft (3,316 m) to enable longer-range operations with fully laden widebody aircraft.[26]
2000–2009[link]
- 2000 and 2001: Gatwick's two terminals were further expanded to add more seating, retail space and catering outlets, at a total cost of £60 million. This included an extension to the North Terminal departure lounge completed in 2001.[26]
- 2005: A £110 million additional aircraft pier (Pier 6) opened, adding an extra 11 pier-served aircraft stands. Linked by the world's largest air passenger bridge to the North Terminal's main building, it spans a taxiway, giving arriving and departing passengers views of the airport and taxiing aircraft. The same year, an extension and refurbishment to the South Terminal's baggage reclaim hall was completed, doubling it in size.
- May 2008: Another extension was completed to the South Terminal departure lounge. In addition, a second-floor security search area opened. This terminal is now mainly used by low-cost airlines. Many former users have moved to the newer North Terminal.
- 12 October 2009: Qatar Airways's daily QR076 Gatwick–Doha scheduled service became the first commercial flight powered by fuel made from natural gas. The Airbus A340-600HGW operating the six-hour flight ran on a 50–50 blend of synthetic gas-to-liquids (GTL) and conventional oil-based kerosene developed by Shell instead of traditional, purely oil-based aviation turbine fuel.[83][84]
- 3 December 2009: The transfer of Gatwick's ownership from BAA Limited to Global Infrastructure Partners became effective.[17][18]
2009–present[link]
Following the sale of the airport to GIP, Gatwick's new owners announced their intention to proceed with a previously agreed £1 billion investment programme to upgrade and expand the airport's existing infrastructure to transform the passenger experience.[85][86][87] It is hoped that this will firmly establish Gatwick as the airport of choice for air travellers whose journey begins and/or ends in London and other parts of South East England. According to Virgin Atlantic communications director Paul Charles, the prospect of offering much better facilities to Gatwick's airlines and passengers as a result of the change in ownership presents a long-term opportunity to leapfrog Heathrow in terms of airport infrastructure and passenger amenities.[88] It is expected that GIP will use its relationships to persuade new and existing airlines to consider launching additional routes from Gatwick, reinstating services suspended as a result of the global recession in the wake of the financial crisis that began in 2007 and Open Skies and/or expanding their existing flying programme from the airport in the near future.[87][89][90][91][92]
- February 2010: It was reported that GIP sold minority stakes of 12% and 15% to South Korean National Pension Service and Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, for £100 million and £125 million, respectively. These were sold in Gatwick's – rather than GIP's – name. The sale of these stakes is part of GIP's strategy to syndicate the equity portion of the original acquisition by issuing bonds to refinance bank debt. Although this entails bringing in additional investors in the airport, GIP aims to retain management control.[21][22]
- 18 June 2010: It was announced that Californian state pension fund CalPERS had spent approximately US$155 million (£104.8 million) on acquiring a 12.7% stake in Gatwick Airport from GIP, marking the US$200 billion fund's first direct infrastructure investment.[23][24]
- 22 June 2010: Gatwick Airport Limited launched a new competitive brand featuring the tagline "YOUR LONDON AIRPORT – Gatwick" alongside a rebrand from "London Gatwick Airport" to the original "Gatwick Airport". Created by advertising agency Lewis Moberly, the new blue-and-white corporate identity is intended as a challenger brand to BAA and aims to differentiate Gatwick from rival Heathrow in support of majority owner GIP's corporate goal to establish Gatwick as London's airport of choice for passengers and airlines.[93][94][95]
- 16 November 2010: Gatwick Airport Limited announced the appointment of Guy Stephenson as its new commercial director, with responsibility for the airport's airline route development and car parking strategies.[92]
- 21 December 2010: The Financial Times reported that the A$69 billion (£44 billion) Future Fund, a sovereign wealth fund set up by the Australian government in 2006, intended to buy a 17.2% stake in Gatwick Airport from GIP for £145 million. This transaction will complete GIP's equity syndication process for Gatwick. Although this will reduce GIP's stake to 42%, the private equity firm's extra voting rights will enable it to retain control of the airport's board.[25]
Traffic[link]
1958–2000[link]
Gatwick handled 186,172 passengers during its first seven months of operation following the 1956–58 reconstruction. By 1959, the number of passengers passing through the airport each year had grown to 368,000.[26]
In 1968, annual passenger numbers at Gatwick hit the two million mark for the first time.[96]
By the early 1970s, five million passengers used Gatwick each year. Within a decade, this figure doubled to ten million. It doubled again to over 20 million by the late 1980s.[26][97][98]
By the turn of the millennium, Gatwick handled more than 30 million passengers annually.[26]
2000 onwards[link]
| <timeline>
ImageSize = width:auto height:250 barincrement:29 PlotArea = left:30 bottom:15 top:10 right:15 AlignBars = justify Period = from:24 till:38 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical Colors = id:gray value:gray(0.5) id:line1 value:gray(0.9) id:line2 value:gray(0.7) ScaleMajor = start:26 increment:2 gridcolor:line2 ScaleMinor = start:26 increment:1 gridcolor:line1 PlotData= color:blue width:20 bar:2000 from:start till:32.069 bar:2001 from:start till:31.182 bar:2002 from:start till:29.627 bar:2003 from:start till:30.005 bar:2004 from:start till:31.467 bar:2005 from:start till:32.776 bar:2006 from:start till:34.164 bar:2007 from:start till:35.216 bar:2008 from:start till:34.206 bar:2009 from:start till:32.393 bar:2010 from:start till:31.375 color:darkblue bar:2011 from:start till:33.674 </timeline> |
| Updated: 6 March 2012[2] |
| Number of Passengers[nb 5] | Percentage Change | Number of Movements[nb 6] | Freight (tonnes) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 32,068,540 | – | 260,859 | 318,905 |
| 2001 | 31,181,770 |  02.8% |
252,543 | 280,098 |
| 2002 | 29,627,420 | 05.0% |
242,379 | 242,519 |
| 2003 | 30,005,260 | 01.3% |
242,731 | 222,916 |
| 2004 | 31,466,770 | 04.9% |
251,195 | 218,204 |
| 2005 | 32,775,695 | 04.2% |
261,292 | 222,778 |
| 2006 | 34,163,579 | 04.2% |
263,363 | 211,857 |
| 2007 | 35,216,113 | 03.1% |
266,550 | 171,078 |
| 2008 | 34,205,887 | 02.9% |
263,653 | 107,702 |
| 2009 | 32,392,520 | 05.3% |
251,879 | 74,680 |
| 2010 | 31,375,290 | 03.1% |
240,500 | 104,032 |
| 2011 | 33,674,264 | 07.3% |
251,067 | 88,085 |
| Source: UK Civil Aviation Authority[2] | ||||
Although the 33.7 million passengers passing through London Gatwick in 2011 represented an increase of 7.3% over the 31.4 million passengers using Gatwick in 2010, this figure was still 1.5 million short of the 35.2 million the airport handled in 2007, the peak year for annual passenger traffic. Gatwick recorded 251,067 aircraft movements during 2011, 4.4% more than in 2010.[2]
All passenger traffic components – with the exception of European charter and other long-haul[nb 7] traffic – showed increases over the corresponding figures for 2010. Amongst these, European scheduled traffic showed a sharp, double-digit increase of 15.7% to 17.64 million passengers while UK[nb 8], Irish and North Atlantic traffic recorded smaller, single-digit increases of 7.0, 5.8 and 2.6% to 3.63, 1.29 and 1.95 million passengers respectively. On the other hand, European charter[nb 9] and other long-haul[nb 7] traffic saw declines of 4.9 and 4.7% to 4.80 and 4.79 million passengers respectively. Passenger load factors rose by 2.9% to 76.4%. Air freight registered a steep, double-digit decline of 15.3% to 88,214 metric tonnes.[99]
April 2012 saw a small, single-digit decrease in Gatwick's passenger numbers. Compared with April 2011, the total number of passengers passing through the airport fell by 1.3% to 2.723 million (representing 36,500 fewer passengers compared with the same year-earlier period). All individual passenger traffic components except UK[nb 8] and European scheduled traffic, which grew by 4.7 and 3.7% to 322,200 and 1.526 million passengers respectively, recorded decreases. Amongst these, European charter and other long-haul[nb 7] traffic showed double-digit decreases of 15.8 and 10.6% to 218,000 and 390,300 passengers respectively while North Atlantic and Irish traffic showed smaller, single-digit decreases of 7.1 and 5.1% to 160,600 and 105,000 passengers respectively. Air transport movements decreased by 2.6% to 19,712. The overall decrease in passenger numbers mainly resulted from the earlier Easter holidays in 2012 (compared with the same period in 2011) and the additional public holiday on account of the Royal Wedding in the comparable prior-year period, while the decrease in air transport movements was primarily driven by a reduction in charter operations. However, this was partially offset by growth in short-haul low-/no frills airline services and the start of operations by new full-service airlines from Asia. Cargo volume rose by 8.1% to 7,895 metric tonnes. Average load factors rose by 1.2% to 80.9%.[100]
Busiest routes[link]
| Rank | Airport | Passengers handled | % Change 2010 / 11 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 ! Spain, Malaga |
1,125,333 | 04 !23.8 |
| 2 | 08 ! Ireland, Dublin |
921,872 | 13 !9.5 |
| 3 | 14 ! Spain, Madrid |
796,541 | 02 !32.3 |
| 4 | 01 ! Spain, Alicante |
738,953 | 12 !9.9 |
| 5 | 11 ! Switzerland, Geneva |
710,122 | 09 !13.8 |
| 6 | 10 ! Portugal, Faro |
685,514 | 16 !2.5 |
| 7 | 09 ! United Kingdom, Edinburgh |
669,068 | 11 !10.8 |
| 8 | 16 ! United States, Orlando International |
633,261 | 19 !6.4 |
| 9 | 02 ! Netherlands, Amsterdam |
627,486 | 08 !14.4 |
| 10 | 07 ! United Arab Emirates, Dubai |
617,100 | 18 !2.0 |
| 11 | 17 ! Spain, Palma de Mallorca |
614,889 | 05 !22.2 |
| 12 | 19 ! Spain, Tenerife South |
606,516 | 10 !13.2 |
| 13 | 13 ! Jersey, Jersey |
574,113 | 14 !7.5 |
| 14 | 12 ! United Kingdom, Glasgow International |
565,787 | 07 !15.8 |
| 15 | 03 ! Spain, Barcelona |
517,633 | 01 !37.7 |
| 16 | 18 ! Italy, Rome Fiumicino |
477,458 | 03 !26.7 |
| 17 | 06 ! Turkey, Dalaman |
469,635 | 20 !11.7 |
| 18 | 20 ! Italy, Venice Marco Polo |
441,440 | 15 !4.5 |
| 19 | 04 ! Barbados, Bridgetown |
428,864 | 17 !0.1 |
| 20 | 05 ! Denmark, Copenhagen |
413,763 | 06 !16.7 |
Gatwick today[link]
Facilities[link]
Gatwick Airport has two terminals, North and South. Both have shops and restaurants, landside and airside. Disabled passengers can travel through all areas. There are facilities for baby changing and feeding, and play areas and video games for children. Business travellers have lounges offering business facilities. On 31 May 2008, Virgin Holidays opened V Room, Gatwick's first dedicated lounge for leisure travellers. Use of this lounge is exclusive to Virgin Holidays customers flying from the airport to Orlando, Las Vegas and the Caribbean with sister airline Virgin Atlantic.[102][103] On 9 April 2009, a new independent pay-for-access lounge called No.1 Traveller opened in the South Terminal. It also serves US Airways Envoy passengers. There is also a conference and business centre. Furthermore, the airport has several on- and off-site hotels. These range from executive to a capsule hotel. The airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church chaplains. In addition, there is a multi-faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains. The prayer room is open to all faiths.[104]
The Civil Aviation Authority Safety Regulation Group is in Aviation House.[105] WesternGeco, a geophysical services company, has its head office and its Europe/Africa offices in the Schlumberger House,[106][107][108] a 124,000 sq ft (11,500 m2) building on the grounds of Gatwick Airport,[106][109] near the south terminal. WesternGeco had a 15-year lease on the building which was scheduled to expire in June 2008. In 2007, WesternGeco reached an agreement with its landlord, BAA Lynton, and extended its lease at Schlumberger House until 2016. Its initial rent was £2.1 million.[109]
In 1968, British United Airways relocated its head office to Gatwick from Portland House in London.[110] After Caledonian Airways acquired British United Airways, the resulting airline, British Caledonian, had its head office at Gatwick.[111][112] When CityFlyer Express operated, the airline's head office was in the Iain Stewart Centre.[113] When Laker Airways and Tradewinds Airways operated, they had their head offices on the airport property.[114][115][116]
City Place Gatwick[link]
Main article: City Place Gatwick
Gatwick Airport has an office complex on the airport property, called City Place Gatwick.[117] The complex includes four buildings: The Beehive, a former terminal building;[35][36][37] the BT building, 2 City Place, and 3 City Place.[118] City Place was developed by BAA Lynton.[119] BT Wholesale and BDO International currently occupy offices in the complex.[120][121] Companies that once had their head offices in buildings in the complex include GB Airways and CP Ships.[122][123]
Major airlines[link]
In 2010, EasyJet, British Airways (BA), Thomson Airways, Monarch Airlines and Thomas Cook Airlines were Gatwick's five biggest airlines, in terms of passengers carried.[124] Amongst these, BA and EasyJet were its two dominant resident airlines. In late-2007, BA and EasyJet accounted for 25% and 17% of Gatwick's slots. The latter's share of slots subsequently rose to 24% as a result of its takeover of BA franchise carrier GB Airways, which accounted for 7% of slots (late-2007). The acquisition of GB Airways in March 2008 resulted in EasyJet becoming Gatwick's biggest short-haul operator accounting for 29% of short-haul passengers (ahead of BA's 23%)[125] and Gatwick's largest airline overall, with flights to 62 domestic and European destinations (at April 2008).[126] As of early-2012, EasyJet has further reinforced its position as Gatwick's leading airline by increasing the number of destinations served from the airport to 94, using a fleet of 50 aircraft.[127] Gatwick is the airline's largest base, where its 11 million passengers per annum accounted for 35% of the airport's yearly total in 2011.[128]
On 30 March 2008, airlines began down-sizing transatlantic operations due to the new EU-US Open Skies Agreement. Continental Airlines became the second transatlantic carrier – after American Airlines[129] – to pull out of Gatwick altogether, following its decision to transfer the seasonal Cleveland service to Heathrow from 3 May 2009.[130][131] The slots vacated by these moves as well as by the collapse of Zoom, XL Airways UK and Sterling were taken by EasyJet, Flybe, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Ryanair.
By late-2008, easyJet's share of Gatwick slots had grown to about 26%,[132][133] while Flybe had become Gatwick's third-largest slot-holder accounting for 9% of the airport's slots, as well as its fastest-growing airline.[133][134][135] The latter airline has also become Gatwick's largest domestic operator, whose eight routes serving the airport from other destinations in the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man carried 1.2 million passengers in its 2010/11 financial year.[136] From a peak of 40% in 2001, BA's share of Gatwick slots declined by 50% to 20% by summer 2009.[133] By late-2011, EasyJet's share of Gatwick slots had further grown to 35%.[137] As of summer 2012, EasyJet will control 45% of Gatwick's early morning peak time slots from 6am to 8.55am, as many as the airport's next five biggest users combined.[nb 10][138]
Changing character of airport[link]
According to the evidence Flybe submitted at a Competition Commission hearing into BAA Limited's market dominance at the beginning of 2008, Gatwick's dynamics were changing rapidly as a result of recent changes in its traffic pattern. These were likely to transform the airport from a secondary intercontinental airline hub into a predominantly European and domestic operation feeding London and specifically the south London market.[139]
Since late-2011, Gatwick has attracted a number of new full-service airlines, including Air China, Air Nigeria, Caribbean Airlines, Hong Kong Airlines, Korean Air, Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines and Vietnam Airlines. This forms part of the airport's strategy to get more higher-spending business travellers to use it to counterbalance its dependence on European low-cost and charter markets, as well as to increase year-round capacity utilisation by smoothing out peaks and troughs in slot usage. Gatwick's recent successes in persuading these airlines to [re-]launch routes to several important overseas destinations for business and leisure travel were also aided by non-availability of suitable slots at Heathrow. The addition of these airlines furthermore helps Gatwick partially compensate for the loss since 2008 of almost all its US carriers.[140][141][142]
Operations[link]
Gatwick operates as a single runway airport. It has two runways; however, the northern runway (08L/26R) can only be used when the main runway (08R/26L) is out of use, for example because of maintenance or an accident. The runways cannot be used at the same time because there is not enough separation between them, and during normal operation the northern runway is used as a taxiway.[26][72][73] It can take 15 minutes to change from one runway to the other. The second runway was built as a taxiway and was gradually widened.
The main runway operates with a Category III Instrument Landing System (ILS). The northern runway does not have an ILS and, when it is in use, arriving aircraft use a combination of Distance Measuring Equipment and assistance from the approach controller using surveillance radar, or where equipped and subject to operator approval, an RNAV (GNSS) Approach, which is also available for the main runway.[143] On all runways, considerable use is made of continuous descent approach to minimise environmental effects of incoming aircraft, particularly at night.[144]
Night flights are subject to restrictions.[145] Between 11 pm and 7 am the noisiest aircraft (rated QC/8 and QC/16) may not operate. In addition, between 11.30 pm and 6 am (the night quota period) there are three limits:
- An overall limit on the number of flights;
- A Quota Count system which limits the total of noise permitted, but allows operators to choose to operate fewer noisy or a greater number of quieter aircraft;[146]
- QC/4 aircraft may not operate at night.
Security[link]
The airport is policed by the Gatwick District of Sussex Police. The district is responsible for policing the whole airport, including aircraft, and in certain circumstances, aircraft in flight. The 150 officers attached to this district include armed and unarmed officers, and community support officers for minor offences. The airport district counter man-portable surface-to-air missiles (MANPADS) by patrolling in and around the airport. A separate sub-unit has vehicle checks around the airport.[147]
Brook House, an immigration removal centre of the UK Border Agency was opened on 18 March 2009 by the then Home Secretary, Jacqui Smith.[148]
The airport is one of three UK airports to feature body scanners; initially, they are located only in the North Terminal.
Airlines and destinations[link]
Gatwick has two terminals: North and South. The South Terminal is Gatwick's older and busier terminal, and is also where the airport railway station is located. The following list includes all scheduled services to and from Gatwick Airport, as well as seasonal charter flights.[149]
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Aegean Airlines | Athens [begins 28 October 2012][citation needed], Larnaca [begins 28 October 2012][citation needed] | TBA |
| Aer Lingus | Cork, Dublin, Knock Seasonal charter: Grenoble, Friedrichshafen, Lyon, Turin, Geneva, Preveza, Lamezia Terme |
South |
| Aeroflot operated by Rossiya | St Petersburg | South |
| Aerosvit Airlines | Kiev-Boryspil | South |
| Air Berlin | Nuremberg | North |
| Air China | Beijing-Capital | North |
| Air Europa | Madrid | South |
| Air Malta | Malta | South |
| Air Moldova | Chişinău | South |
| Air Nigeria | Lagos | South |
| Air One | Milan-Malpensa | South |
| Air Transat | Toronto-Pearson Seasonal: Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montreal-Trudeau, Ottawa, Vancouver |
South |
| AirBaltic | Riga | South |
| Al-Naser Airlines | Baghdad | South |
| Atlantic Airways | Seasonal: Vágar | South |
| Aurigny Air Services | Guernsey | South |
| Belavia | Minsk | South |
| BH Air | Seasonal: Burgas, Sofia, Varna | South |
| British Airways | Algiers, Amsterdam, Antigua, Barbados, Bermuda, Bologna, Bordeaux, Cancún, Catania, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Faro, Genoa, Glasgow-International, Grenada, Jersey, Kingston, Las Vegas [begins 29 October 2012],[150][151] Málaga, Malé, Manchester, Marseille, Marrakech, Mauritius, Naples, Nice, Orlando, Port of Spain, Pristina, Punta Cana, Rome-Fiumicino, St Kitts, St Lucia, Salzburg, San Juan, Tampa, Thessaloniki, Tirana, Tobago, Tunis, Turin, Venice-Marco Polo, Verona Seasonal: Bari, Geneva, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Paphos, Pisa |
North |
| Bulgaria Air | Seasonal: Varna | South |
| Caribbean Airlines | Barbados [begins 1 July 2012],[152] Port of Spain [begins 15 June 2012][153][142] | North |
| Croatia Airlines | Zagreb Seasonal: Split |
South |
| Cubana | Havana, Holguín | South |
| EasyJet | Aberdeen, Agadir, Alicante, Amman-Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Arrecife, Barcelona, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast-International, Bologna, Budapest, Catania, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Gibraltar, Hurghada, Inverness, Krakow, Larnaca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Lisbon, Luxor, Lyon, Málaga, Malta, Marrakech, Murcia, Naples, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Porto, Prague, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife-South, Valencia, Verona Seasonal: Ajaccio, Antalya, Bari [begins 12 June 2012], Bastia, Bodrum, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Izmir, Kefallonia, Kos, Mykonos, Nantes, Rhodes, Salzburg, Santorini-Thira, Zakynthos |
North |
| EasyJet | Almería, Athens, Berlin-Schönefeld [ends March 17 2013], Berlin-Brandenburg [begins 17 March 2013], Bordeaux, Cologne/Bonn, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Innsbruck, Isle of Man [Starts October], Luxembourg [begins 29 October 2012], Madrid, Marseille, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Montpellier, Munich, Nice, Palermo, Pisa, Rome-Fiumicino, Seville, Tallinn [begins 28 October 2012], Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin [begins 15 December 2012], Venice-Marco Polo, Vienna, Zagreb, Zürich Seasonal: Biarritz, Dubrovnik, La Rochelle, Minorca, Olbia, Split |
South |
| EasyJet Switzerland | Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva | North |
| Emirates | Dubai | North |
| Estonian Air | Tallinn | South |
| Flybe | Aberdeen, Belfast-City, Guernsey, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey, Nantes, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newquay Seasonal: Bergerac Charter: Chambéry |
South |
| Freebird Airlines | Seasonal: Antalya [begins 21 July 2012][citation needed], Dalaman [begins 18 July 2012][citation needed] | South |
| Hi Fly | Sal, Ascension Island, Mount Pleasant | South |
| Hong Kong Airlines | Hong Kong | North |
| Icelandair | Seasonal: Reykjavik-Keflavik [begins 18 October 2012][154][155] | South |
| Iceland Express operated by Holidays Czech Airlines |
Reykjavik-Keflavík | South |
| Jat Airways | Belgrade [begins 15 June 2012][citation needed] | South |
| Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon | North |
| Lufthansa | Frankfurt | South |
| Meridiana Fly | Florence Seasonal: Olbia [begins 9 June 2012][citation needed] |
North |
| Meridiana Fly operated by Air Italy | Seasonal: Olbia [begins 9 June 2012][citation needed] | North |
| Monarch | Scheduled: Alicante, Barcelona, Faro, Friedrichshafen [begins 15 December 2012][citation needed], Funchal [begins 15 October 2012][citation needed], Lanzarote, Málaga, Milan-Malpensa, Minorca, Palma de Mallorca, Sharm el Sheikh, Tenerife-South, Venice-Marco Polo Scheduled Seasonal: Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Heraklion, Ibiza, Larnaca, Paphos Chartered Seasonal: Banjul, Chania, Corfu, Goa, Grenada, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Huesca, Innsbruck, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Lamezia Terme, Luxor, Malé, Mombasa, Montreal-Trudeau, Mytilene, Orlando-Sanford, Preveza, Rhodes, Skiathos, Sofia, Tobago, Volos, Zakynthos |
South |
| Montenegro Airlines | Tivat | South |
| Norwegian Air Shuttle | Ålesund, Bergen, Copenhagen, Gothenburg-Landvetter, Helsinki, Oslo-Gardermoen, Stavanger, Stockholm-Arlanda, Trondheim Scheduled Seasonal: Aalborg |
South |
| Nouvelair | Djerba, Monastir | South |
| OLT Express | Bydgoszcz [begins 29 October 2012],[156] Gdańsk [begins 29 October 2012],[157] Warsaw-Chopin [begins 29 October 2012][158] | South |
| Pegasus Airlines | Seasonal: Antalya, Dalaman | South |
| Ryanair | Cork, Dublin, Kaunas, Oslo-Rygge, Seville, Shannon, Stockholm-Skavsta | South |
| SATA International | Ponta Delgada-João Paulo | South |
| Small Planet Airlines | Corfu, Chania, Faro, Heraklion, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Lemnos, Preveza, Rhodes, Samos, Santorini, Skiathos, Volos | South |
| Strategic Airlines Luxembourg | Corfu, Heraklion, Larnaca, Paphos, Rhodes, Skiathos, Thessaloniki, Zakynthos | South |
| Sunwing Airlines | Seasonal: Toronto-Pearson | North |
| TAP Portugal | Funchal, Lisbon, Porto | South |
| Thomas Cook Airlines | Antalya, Bodrum, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Dalaman, Enfidha, Fuerteventura, Holguín, Hurghada, Izmir, Lanzarote, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Montego Bay, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Sharm el-Sheikh, Tenerife-South Seasonal: Acapulco, Agadir, Almería, Banjul, Barbados, Brescia, Burgas, Corfu, Djerba, Faro, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Lleida-Alguaire, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Larnaca, Lemnos, Luxor, Malta, Minorca, Naples, Olbia, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Reus, Rhodes, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Santorini, Skiathos, Sofia, Thessaloniki, Turin, Varadero, Zakynthos |
South |
| Thomson Airways | Agadir, Alicante, Antalya, Aswan, Banjul, Boa Vista, Cancún, Dalaman, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Girona, Heraklion, Holguín, Lanzarote, La Romana, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luxor, Málaga, Malé, Malta, Marrakech, Marsa Alam, Mersa Matruh, Mombasa, Monastir, Montego Bay, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Sal, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Sharm el-Sheikh, Taba, Tenerife-South, Varadero Seasonal: Acapulco, Alghero, Aruba, Barbados, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Dubrovnik, Faro, Ibiza, Ivalo, İzmir, Jerez[159], Kalamata, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Larnaca, Minorca, Mykonos, Mytilene, Naples, Pisa, Plovdiv, Preveza, Pula, Reus, Rhodes, Samos, Santorini, Skiathos, Sofia, Thessaloniki, Tivat, Venice-Marco Polo, Verona, Zakynthos |
North |
| Titan Airways | Seasonal Charter: Chambéry | South |
| Tunisair | Djerba, Enfidha, Monastir | South |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-Atatürk | North |
| Ukraine International Airlines | Kiev-Boryspil | South |
| US Airways | Charlotte | South |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City | North |
| Virgin Atlantic Airways | Antigua, Barbados, Cancún [begins 12 June 2012],[160] Grenada, Havana, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, St Lucia, Tobago | South |
Ground transport[link]
Gatwick has set the objective that 40% of passengers should be using public transport by the time the annual throughput reaches 40 million (estimated in 2015), from the 2006 figure of 35.3%.[161]
Road[link]
The airport is accessed by a motorway spur road at junction 9A of the M23, which links to the main M23 motorway 1 mi (1.6 km) east at junction 9. The M23 connects with London's orbital motorway, the M25, 9 mi (14 km) north. This gives access to much of Greater London, the South East and beyond. The M23 is the main route for traffic to the airport. Gatwick can also be accessed by the A23, which serves Horley and Redhill to the north and Crawley and Brighton to the south. The A217 provides access northwards to the local town of Reigate.
The airport has long and short-stay car parks – at the airport and off-site – although these are often full in summer. Local planning restrictions limit car parking at and around Gatwick.
Rail[link]
| Gatwick Express route map | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Gatwick Airport railway station is next to South Terminal and provides connections along the Brighton Main Line to London Victoria and London Bridge stations, as well as Brighton, Worthing, Eastbourne and Portsmouth to the south. The Gatwick Express to Victoria, operated by Southern, is the best-known service from the station, but other companies, including First Capital Connect and First Great Western, use the station as well, and Southern provides services to Victoria and London Bridge under its own brand. First Capital Connect provide direct trains to Luton Airport and First Great Western trains provide a direct rail link with Reading and connections with Oxford and the West.
Foot passengers can reach Heathrow by a X26 Express Bus from outside East Croydon station, which is an intermediate stop for semi-fast train services to London.
Bus and coach[link]
National Express Coaches operates coaches to Heathrow Airport and Stansted Airport, as well as cities and towns throughout the region and country. Oxford Bus Company operate direct services to Oxford. EasyBus operates minicoaches from both terminals to Earls Court/West Brompton. (National Express Dot2Dot used to operate a service to central London, but this ceased in 2008.)
Local buses connect North and South terminals with Crawley, Horley, Redhill, Horsham, Caterham and other destinations. Services are offered by Metrobus and Fastway, a guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be constructed outside a major city.
There are at least two sets of stairs for foot-passengers to leave South Terminal to ground-level (near the cycle route) from Zone L and the train-station area (steps are labelled Exit Q and Exit P on the ground). These allow access to bus stops for local services.
Cycle[link]
Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (signed "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.
Terminal transfer[link]
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Gatwick Airport's North and South terminals are connected by a 0.75 mi (1.21 km) elevated two-way automated people mover track. The shuttle system is normally operated by two automatic, three-car driverless train vehicles. Although colloquially referred to widely as a "monorail",[162] the shuttle system runs on a dual concrete track with rubber tyres and is not technically a monorail.
The original Gatwick transit system opened in 1983 when the circular satellite pier was built, connecting the pier to the main terminal building, and was the UK's first automated people mover system. A second transit track was constructed in 1987 to link to the new North terminal.[162] The original satellite transit line was later replaced with a walkway and travelator link, but the inter-terminal shuttle remains in operation.
The original Adtranz C-100 people mover cars remained in continuous operation until 2009, in which time they travelled a total of 2.5 million mi (4 million km). In September 2009 the vehicles were withdrawn from service to allow the transit system to be upgraded. Meanwhile, the two terminals were connected by a temporary free bus service. A new operating system and shuttle cars consisting of six Bombardier CX-100 vehicles[163] was installed and the guideway and transit stations were refurbished at a cost of £45 million. The new system opened for use again on 1 July 2010, two months ahead of schedule.[164][165]
Development[link]
In 1979, an agreement was reached with West Sussex County Council not to build a second runway before 2019.[72][73]
In its original consultation document published on 23 July 2002[166] the Government decided to expand Stansted and Heathrow, but not Gatwick. However, Medway Council, Kent County Council and Essex County Council sought a judicial review of this decision. The judge reviewing the lawfulness of the Government's decision ruled that excluding Gatwick from the original consultation was irrational and/or unfair.[166] Following the judge's ruling and the Secretary of State for Transport's decision not to appeal, BAA published new consultation documents.[166] These included an option of a possible second runway at Gatwick to the south of the existing airport boundary, leaving the villages Charlwood and Hookwood to the north of the airport intact. This led to protests about increased noise and pollution, demolition of houses and destruction of villages.[167]
Prior to the change of ownership, BAA planned an £874 million investment at Gatwick over five years, including increased capacity for both terminals, improvements to the transport interchange and a new baggage system for the South Terminal.[168]
In April 2008, Gatwick began work on a new inter-terminal shuttle which signalled the first major development in a £1 billion programme aimed at modernising the airport. The project included the installation of a completely new shuttle system, new shuttle cars, refurbishment of the rubber track and transformation of the terminal stations. The launch took place in July 2010 and attendees included James van Hofton, from the board of directors. The shuttle cost £43 million and features included live journey information and the use of sensory technology to count the number of passengers at stations.
On 2 December 2009, the House of Commons Transport Select Committee published a report entitled The future of aviation. With regard to Gatwick, it calls on the Government to reconsider its decision to build a second runway at Stansted, in the light of growing evidence that the business case is unconvincing and that Gatwick is a better location.[169]
Passengers passing through the airport are being made aware of the redevelopment programme in a number of ways, including through the use of giant mobile barcodes on top of construction hoardings. Scanning these results in content about the construction work being transferred to the user's smartphone.[170]
Plans[link]
Several options to expand Gatwick have been considered, including a third terminal and a second runway to the south of the existing runway. This would allow Gatwick to handle more passengers than Heathrow does today. If a second, wide-spaced (as opposed to close parallel) runway is approved, a new terminal could be sited between the two runways. This could either complement or replace the current South Terminal, depending on expected future traffic developments.[171]
A less ambitious alternative would extend the North Terminal further south, with another passenger bridge to an area currently occupied by aircraft stands without jet bridges (Pier 7).[171] However, figure A.12 in Gatwick's new draft master plan released for consultation on 13 October 2011 seems to discard the earlier-mooted Pier 7 option in favour of a mid-field satellite adjacent to the control tower that would be linked to the North Terminal if built as part of an expanded single-runway, two-terminal airport scenario around 2030.[172] There are also plans to extend Pier 6.[173]
In October 2009, BAA submitted planning applications for Gatwick to handle an extra six million passengers a year by 2018 and for an extension to the North Terminal to provide new check-in facilities and additional baggage reclaim hall capacity, along with a 900 space short-stay car park.[174] Crawley Borough Council's decision to approve these plans was upheld in November 2009 by the Government's refusal to hold a public inquiry despite objections from local environmental protesters.[175]
Speaking at the first Gatwick Airport Consultative Committee (Gatcom) meeting since GIP's takeover of the airport (held on 28 January 2010 at Crawley's Arora Hotel), Gatwick's chairman Sir David Rowlands ruled out building a second runway for the foreseeable future, citing the high cost of the associated planning application – estimated to be between £100 million and £200 million – as the main reason for the new owners' lack of interest. At that meeting, Gatwick chief executive Stewart Wingate stressed GIP's preference for increasing the existing runway's capacity and confirmed GIP's plans to request an increase in the current limit on the permitted number of take-offs and landings.[176]
In October 2010, Gatwick Airport Limited (GAL) received planning permission from Crawley Borough Council to adapt both terminals to handle the Airbus A380 on a regular, commercial basis.[177] At the Gatcom meeting held on 26 January 2012 at Crawley's Arora Hotel, GAL announced that its board had approved construction of A380 pier infrastructure that was expected to be ready by summer 2013.[178]
'Heathwick' rail link[link]
Main article: Heathwick
In late-2011 the Department for Transport began studying the feasibility of a high-speed rail link between Gatwick and Heathrow Airport. This rail link would form part of a plan to combine the UK's two biggest airports into a "collective" or "virtual hub" dubbed Heathwick. The scheme envisages a 35-mile high-speed rail route linking the two airports in 15 minutes, with trains travelling at a top speed of 180 mph parallel to the M25 and passengers passing through immigration or check-in only once.
Incidents and accidents[link]
- 15 September 1936 – a British Airways Ltd de Havilland DH 86 operating a night mail flight to Germany crashed on takeoff, killing the airline's chief pilot and two members of the aircraft's crew.[38][39]
- November 1936 – a British Airways Ltd Fokker F 12 crashed in a wood 4.5 mi (7.2 km) south of Gatwick whilst executing its final approach to the airport under a low ceiling in poor visibility, killing both pilots and severely injuring the engineer.[40]
- 17 February 1959 – a Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount 794D (registration: TC-SEV) on an international charter flight crashed in heavy fog at Newdigate, Surrey, whilst approaching to land at Gatwick. The plane hit some trees. Fourteen of 24 on board died. Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was amongst the survivors.[179][180][181][182]
- 2 September 1963 – an Iberia Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation (registration: EC-AMQ) leased by Aviaco and operating a charter flight from Barcelona, Spain, brushed trees on Russ Hill while on final approach to London Gatwick. Although the aircraft sustained minor damage as a result of this incident, which occurred during the descent, ca. 220 ft (67 m) above and 1.75 NM (3.24 km; 2.01 mi) from the runway threshold, it landed safely and none of the 75 passengers on board were injured.[183]
- 5 January 1969 – a Boeing 727-113C (registration: YA-FAR) operating flight 701 of Ariana Afghan Airlines arriving from Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport, Germany, crashed into a house in Fernhill near Horley, Surrey, in low visibility. The flaps were not extended to maintain flight at final approach speed. Forty-eight of the 62 on board died as well as two on the ground.[180][184][185][186]
- 28 January 1972 – a British Caledonian Vickers VC10-1109 (registration: G-ARTA) sustained severe structural damage as a result of an exceptionally hard landing at Gatwick at the end of a short ferry flight from Heathrow, where the aircraft had been diverted due to Gatwick being fog-bound and where all passengers had disembarked. A survey of the aircraft's damage revealed that its airframe had been bent out of shape and that it required extensive repairs to be restored to an airworthy condition. The airline's senior management decided that these repairs were not cost-effective. The aircraft was written off and a decision taken to have it scrapped. It was eventually broken up at Gatwick in 1975.[187][188]
- 20 July 1975 – a British Island Airways (BIA) Handley Page Dart Herald 201 (registration: G-APWF) was involved in a runway accident while departing on a scheduled flight to Guernsey. The aircraft lifted off from runway 26 after a ground run of 2,490 ft (760 m) and appeared airborne for 411 ft (125 m) with its landing gear retracting before the rear underside of the fuselage settled back on to the runway, bringing the aircraft to a stop. The investigation concluded that the landing gear was retracted before the aircraft had become established in a climb, contributed by use of an incorrect flap setting and incorrect takeoff speeds. Although the aircraft suffered substantial damage, none of the 45 occupants were hurt.[189]
See also[link]
- List of airports in the United Kingdom
- World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
- Busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic
Notes and Citations[link]
- Notes
- ^ accounting for 92% of all passenger traffic as of January 2011
- ^ independent from government-owned corporations
- ^ launched on 8 June 1959
- ^ US non-scheduled airlines as classified by the United States Congress in 1963
- ^ number of passengers including both domestic and international
- ^ number of movements represents total aircraft takeoffs and landings during that year
- ^ a b c excluding North Atlantic
- ^ a b including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man
- ^ including North Africa
- ^ British Airways, 15%; Thomson Airways, 11%; Monarch Airlines, 7%; Flybe and Thomas Cook Airlines, 6% each
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References[link]
- Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
- King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick – 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
- King, John, (1986) Gatwick – The Evolution of an Airport, Gatwick Airport Ltd. and Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. ISBN 0-9512036-0-6
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- Eglin, Roger, and Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-77746-7.
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- Simons, Graham M. (1999). It was nice to fly with friends! The story of Air Europe. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-870384-69-5.
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- Financial Times, 10 February 2010. London, UK: UK Edition.
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West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
