Due to their low cost and ease of production, pamphlets often have been used to popularize political or religious ideas.

A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding). It may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths (called a leaflet), or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and saddle stapled at the crease to make a simple book. In order to count as a pamphlet, UNESCO requires a publication (other than a periodical) to have "at least 5 but not more than 48 pages exclusive of the cover pages";^[1] a longer item is a book.

Etymology[link]

The adverb pamphlet for a small work (opuscule) issued by itself without covers came into Middle English ca 1387 as pamphilet or panflet, generalized from a twelfth-century amatory comic poem with an old flavor, Pamphilus, seu de Amore ("Pamphilus: or, Concerning Love"), written in Latin.^[2] Pamphilus's name was derived from Greek, meaning "friend of everyone". The poem was popular and widely copied and circulated on its own, forming a slim codex.

The pamphlet form of literature has been used for centuries as an economical vehicle for the broad distribution of information.

Its modern connotations of a tract concerning a contemporary issue was a product of the heated arguments leading to the English Civil War; this sense appeared in 1642.^[3] In some European languages other than English, this secondary connotation, of a disputaceous tract, has come to the fore:^[4] compare libelle, from the Latin libellus, denoting a "little book".

Pamphlets can contain anything from information on kitchen appliances to medical information and religious treatises. Pamphlets are very important in marketing as they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers. Pamphlets have also long been an important tool of political protest and political campaigning for similar reasons.

Collectibility[link]

Due to their ephemeral nature and to wide array of political or religious perspectives given voice by the format's ease of production, pamphlets are prized by many book collectors. Substantial accumulations have been amassed and transferred to ownership of academic research libraries around the world.

Particularly comprehensive collections of American political pamphlets are housed at New York Public Library, the Tamiment Library of New York University, and the Jo Labadie collection at the University of Michigan.^[5]

Commercial Uses[link]

The pamphlet has been widely adopted in commerce, particularly as a format for marketing communications. There are numerous purposes for the pamphlets, such as product descriptions or instructions, corporate information, events promotions or tourism guides and are used in the same way as leaflets, brochures.

See also[link]

• Booklet
• Chapbook
• Airborne leaflet propaganda
• Brochure
• Flyer (pamphlet)
• Folded leaflets
• Thomas Paine
• Pamphleteer

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

Look up pamphlet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Randy Silverman, 1987. "Small, Not Insignificant: a Specification for a Conservation Pamphlet Binding Structure", The Book and Paper Group Annual 6. Historical overview focusing on pamphlet binding.
• 19th Century British Pamphlets Online. Information about a project that digitised 26,000 19th century pamphlets from UK research libraries.

Erin Burnett
Photographed outside of Bear Stearns' midtown Manhattan office on March 17, 2008
Born	Erin Isabelle Burnett (1976-07-02) July 2, 1976 (age 35) Mardela Springs, Maryland, United States
Occupation	News anchor Journalist
Years active	2003–present
Agent	CAA
Notable credit(s)	CNBC's Squawk on the Street co-anchor Street Signs anchor CNN's Erin Burnett OutFront anchor
Website
http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/burnett.erin.html?iref=allsearch/

Erin Isabelle Burnett (born July 2, 1976) is a journalist and news anchor, currently the anchor of her own news show on CNN, Erin Burnett OutFront.^[1] She was previously the co-anchor of CNBC's Squawk on the Street program and the host of CNBC's Street Signs program. Burnett has also appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, Today, MSNBC's Morning Joe, and NBC Nightly News, as well as occasional appearances on The Celebrity Apprentice serving as an advisor to Donald Trump. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Burnett has hosted a number of documentaries filmed outside of the United States: "India Rising: The New Empire",^[2] "The Russian Gamble", and "Dollars & Danger: Africa, The Final Investment Frontier.^[3] She has focused extensively on the Middle East as well, reporting live from across the region and hosting documentaries including: "On Assignment: Iraq", "Big Money & the Middle East", "City of Money and Mystery" and "The Forbidden Zone".

Personal life[link]

Burnett was born and raised in Mardela Springs, Maryland. She is the youngest daughter of corporate attorney Kenneth King Burnett and Esther Margaret (Stewart).^[4][5] She attended St. Andrew's School in Middletown, Delaware, graduating in 1994,^[6] and returned in 2009 to deliver the commencement speech.^[7][8] Burnett attended Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where she studied political science and economics, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in political economy. As an undergraduate, she played lacrosse and field hockey.^[9][10]

She is engaged to Citigroup executive David Rubulotta.^[11]

Career[link]

Early years[link]

Burnett began her career as a financial analyst for Goldman Sachs^[12] in their investment banking division, where she worked on mergers and acquisitions and corporate finance. While working as an investment-banking analyst, Burnett was offered a position at CNN as a writer and booker for CNN's Moneyline with Stuart Varney, Willow Bay, and Lou Dobbs.^[13]

Cable news career[link]

From 2005 to 2011 Burnett was the host of CNBC's Street Signs and co-anchor of Squawk on the Street.^[14] Following her debut, both shows received an increase in rating from those aged 25–54.^[15] On May 6, 2011 she left CNBC after 5-1/2 years.^[16] On October 3, 2011 Burnett returned to CNN as the anchor of a New York-based, prime time news program, called Erin Burnett OutFront.^[17][18] By May 2012, Erin Burnett OutFront averaged just 89,000 viewers in the key demographic aged 25-54, which were the lowest ratings for CNN in the 7pm time slot since October 1991. ^[19]

Host shows[link]

• Street Signs (2005–2011)
• Squawk on the Street (2005–2011)
• Bloomberg on the Markets (2003–2005)
• Erin Burnett OutFront (2011–)

Impact and controversies[link]

In August 5, 2009, Burnett used the term "serial killer" in a discussion with her host Jim Cramer regarding a report about the Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's plans to spend millions of dollars on aerial shooting to cull Australian feral camels in the outback. Cramer referred to the reported plan as "camelcide."^[20][21][22] The next day on the show, Burnett said her comment was meant as a joke.^[23]

On December 7, 2010, Burnett did an investigative report on chemical giant Transammonia^[24] doing business in Iran. She reported that a Transammonia subsidiary—100% owned by Transammonia in the United States—purchased ammonia from Iran. In the same report, Burnett said according to an economic plan released by the Iranian government, Iran was trying to increase ammonia production by 60 percent over the next five years. She also mentioned that ammonia is used for explosives, including roadside bombs in Afghanistan. On December 13, 2010, as a result of the CNBC report, Transammonia sent a press release to Congressional leaders stating that Transammonia's Swiss subsidiary would not enter into new contracts with Iranian companies, and would wind down its business with Iran "as soon as possible."^[25]

Shortly after arriving at CNN, on October 4, 2011, Burnett did a segment on the Occupy Wall Street protests titled "Seriously?" in which she mocked the protesters. Media watchdog groups, including Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, claimed Burnett's reporting was purposely inaccurate in order to paint the protesters in a negative light. In response to the criticism, CNN issued a statement saying, "We support Erin and the OutFront team and we respect that there will be a range of opinions on any given story."^[26]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Erin Burnett

• Erin Burnett biography at CNBC
• Erin Burnett at the Internet Movie Database
• Squawk on the Street official website at CNBC
• Street Signs official website at CNBC
• Erin Burnett's OutFront blog official website at CNN

Liam O'Flynn
Background information
Also known as	Liam Óg Ó Floinn
Born	(1945-04-15) 15 April 1945 (age 67)
Genres	Irish traditional music
Instruments	Uilleann pipes
Years active	1966–present
Associated acts	Planxty Enya Mark Knopfler

Liam O'Flynn (Irish: Liam Ó Floinn, born 15 April 1945) is a master uilleann piper and prominent Irish folk musician. In addition to an impressive solo career and his work with the Irish traditional group Planxty, O'Flynn has recorded with many prominent international musical artists, including Mark Knopfler, the Everly Brothers, Enya, Mary Black, and Donal Lunny. O'Flynn is acknowledged as Ireland's foremost exponent of the uilleann pipes and has brought the music of the pipes to a worldwide audience. In 2007, O'Flynn was named Musician of the Year at the TG4 Gradam Ceoil Awards, considered to be the foremost recognition given to traditional Irish musicians.^[1]

Early life[link]

Liam Ó Floinn was born 15 April 1945 in Kill, County Kildare to musical parents. His father was a teacher and fiddle player. His mother, who came from a family of famous musicians from Clare, played and taught piano. From an early age, Liam showed musical talent, and was encouraged to pursue his interest in the uilleann pipes by the piper Tom Armstrong. At the age of 11, he began taking master classes with Leo Rowsome. He was also influenced by Willie Clancy and Séamus Ennis. In the 1960s, Liam began to receive recognition of his talent, winning prizes at the Oireachtas Festival and the Fleadh Cheoil.^[2] During his early years, he was sometimes billed as Liam Óg Ó Floinn.

Music career[link]

In 1973, Liam co-founded the Irish traditional music group Planxty and remained a member throughout the band's various incarnations. While Seán Ó Riada and The Chieftains had reinvigorated Irish traditional instrumental music in an ensemble format during the 1960s, Planxty built on that foundation and took it one step further. They brought a punch and vitality to acoustic music that drew heavily on O'Flynn's piping virtuosity.

As Liam grew in his skill as a musician, and as he began to meet legendary piper figures like Willie Clancy and Seamus Ennis, he became acutely aware of his position in the tradition of piping. His subsequent close friendship with Seamus Ennis (which began as a Master/pupil relationship) taught him that there was much more to being a piper than playing tunes. Liam noted, "Seamus Ennis gave me much more than a bag of notes."^[2]

When I'm playing, I'm certainly lost within it. The only way to describe it, is that it's like looking inwards. I think when a performer engages with the audience, and vice versa, it's like a spell is cast and a terrific passage of feelings moves from the musician to the audience and back again.^[2]

Following the breakup of Planxty in 1983, Liam found work as a session musician with such prominent artists as the Everly Brothers, Enya, Kate Bush, Nigel Kennedy, Rita Connolly, and Mark Knopfler. He also worked on film scores, including Kidnapped (1979) and A River Runs Through It (1992). He was adventurous enough to work with avant-garde composer John Cage, but his most natural alliance was with neo-romantic composer Shaun Davey.

The Bothy Band were natural successors to the original Planxty, and one of its members, Matt Molloy, who subsequently joined The Chieftains, played with The Chieftains' fiddler Seán Keane on O'Flynn's album, The Piper's Call, which was performed in the 1999 Proms season at the Royal Albert Hall. He has also worked on projects with Seamus Heaney, mixing poetry with music.

His name is mentioned in the song "Lisdoonvarna" by Christy Moore

Discography[link]

Solo albums

• Liam O'Flynn (1988)
• The Fine Art Of Piping (1991)
• Out To An Other Side (1993)
• The Given Note (1995)
• The Piper's Call (1999)

With Christy Moore

• Prosperous (1972)

With Planxty

• Planxty (1973)
• The Well Below the Valley (1973)
• Cold Blow and the Rainy Night (1974)
• The Planxty Collection (1974, compilation)
• After The Break (1979)
• The Woman I Loved So Well (1980)
• Words and Music (1983)
• Planxty (2004)

With Shaun Davey

• The Brendan Voyage (1980)
• The Pilgrim (1983)
• Granuaile (1985)
• The Relief Of Derry Symphony (1990)
• May We Never Have To Say Goodbye (2006)
• Voices From The Merry Cemetery (2010)

With Seamus Heaney

• The Poet & The Piper (2003)

With other artists

• The Rambles of Kitty Ceoltas (1966)
• Celtic Folkweave by Mick Hanly & Mícheál Ó Domhnaill (1974)
• Kidnapped by Vladimir Cosma (1978)
• Fifth Irish Folk Festival Compilation (1978)
• Rainy Sundays, Windy Dreams by Andy Irvine (1980)
• The Dreaming by Kate Bush (1982)
• Cal (film soundtrack) by Mark Knopfler (1984)
• Hounds of Love by Kate Bush (1985)
• Born Yesterday by the Everly Brothers (1985)
• The Emigrant Suite by Charlie Lennon (1985)
• Ordinary Man by Christy Moore (1985)
• Enya by Enya (1987)
• The Celts by Enya (1987)
• Notes from my Mind by Séamus Connolly (1988)
• Best of Irish Folk Festival (1988, compilation)
• Best of Irish Folk Festival Vol 2 (1989, compilation)
• Jig in Style by Seán Keane (1990)
• Brand New Dance by Emmylou Harris (1990)
• The Field (film soundtrack) by Elmer Bernstein (1990)
• My Special Child by Sinéad O'Connor (1991)
• Bringing it all Back Home (1991, compilation)
• Out of Court by Maire Casey & Chris Newman (1991)
• No Dowry by Maighread Ni Dhomhnaill (1991)
• Shepherd Moon by Enya (1991)
• A River Runs Through It (film soundtrack) by Mark Isham (1992)
• Rita Connolly by Rita Connolly (1992)
• The Seville Suite by Bill Whelan (1992)
• Fire Aflame by Matt Molloy, Seán Keane, and Liam O'Flynn (1992)
• Mercury Years by the Everly Brothers (1993, compilation)
• Idir Dhá Chomhairle (In Two Minds) by Aine Ui Cheallaigh (1995)
• Golden Heart by Mark Knopfler (1995)
• Voyager by Mike Oldfield (1996)
• Sult Compilation (1996)
• We Wont go Home Till Morning by Brendan Begley (1997)
• Kashmir: The Symphonic Led Zeppelin by the London Philharmonic Orchestra (1997)
• Finisterres by Dan Ar Braz (1997)
• With Friends Like These by James Keane (1998)
• Os Amores Libres by Carlos Núñez (1999)
• Bilbao Oo:Oh by Kepa Junkera (1999)
• Speaking With Angels by Mary Black (2000)
• Volume 3: Further in Time by Afro Celt Sound System (2001)
• Way Out Yonder by Andy Irvine (2001)
• Journey: The Best of Donal Lunny by Dónal Lunny (2001)
• The Girls Won't Leave the Boys Alone by Cherish the Ladies (2001)
• To Shorten the Winter by Tommy Sands (2001)
• Blue Idol by Altan (2002)^[3]

References[link]

1. ^ "TG4 Award for Liam O'Flynn". Tara Music. http://www.taramusic.com/news/lofaward07.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Liam O'Flynn Biography". Tara Music. http://www.taramusic.com/biogs/liamobg.htm. Retrieved 14 October 2011. 
3. ^ "Liam O'Flynn Selected Discography". Tara Music. http://www.taramusic.com/features/lofdisc.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2011. 

External links[link]

• Liam O'Flynn Biography (Tara Music)
• Liam O'Flynn Selected Discography (Tara Music)
• Liam O'Flynn (Allmusic)
• Tools of the Trade (Tara Music)
• Liam O'Flynn (Thistle Radio)
• Calling on the Piper (Irish Music Magazine)
• "The Wind that Shakes the Barley" by Liam O'Flynn and Tommy Peoples (1976, YouTube)
• "Uilleann Pipes" (1980, YouTube)
• "An Buachaill Caol Dubh" by Liam O'Flynn (1996, YouTube)
• "Liam O'Flynn, King of the Pipers" (YouTube)

Rita Connolly is a Dublin-born singer who has lived and worked in Ireland. She is primarily known for her work with composer Shaun Davey who wrote a song cycle for her called 'Granuaile' based on the 16th century pirate queen Gráinne O'Malley as well as including her in other of his works such as 'The Relief of Derry Symphony', 'The Pilgrim Suite' and his Special Olympics music which was specially composed in 2003. Rita sang the anthem song 'May We Never Have to Say Goodbye' which topped the charts for four weeks. She has also produced two solo albums one with the eponymous title 'Rita Connolly' and the second 'Valpariso'on the Tara Music label.^[1]

In more recent times she has collaborated again with Davey (who is also her husband) and Co. Kerry based musicians Seamus Begley, Éilís Ní Chinneide, Laurence Courtney, Daithí Ó Sé, and Eoin Begley. They produced a unique body of work based on local poet Caoimhin O Cinneide's poetry converted into a group of songs. They now perform as a band called Beal Tuinne. Rita has also been performing with other musicians such as Liam O'Flynn, Arty McGlynn, Neil Martin, Sean Keane, Noel Eccles and Shaun Davey in a new venture called The Funeral Band. She also performs in a quartet with her husband Shaun Davey, guitarist Gerry O'Beirne, and concertina player Eoin Begley.^[2]

Rita has sung for and with many of the great names in Irish music including Shaun Davey, Bill Whelan, Donal Lunny, Andy Irvine, Christy Moore, Luka Bloom and Jimmy McCarthy. She has also sung songs for theatre, television and film including The Deer's Cry for 'Who Bombed Birmingham' and Todavia Cantamos for 'The Tailor of Panama'. She has sung in many great venues including the National Concert Hall, Dublin, The Albert Hall, London and Chicago Symphony Centre, Chicago.

Discography[link]

Beal Tuinne - Live at St. James Church Dingle - Beal Tuinne (2007)
May We Never Have To Say Goodbye - Shaun Davey (2006)
Waking Ned Devine - Shaun Davey (1998)
Sur les Quais de Dublin - Gilles Servat (1996)
Valparaiso - Rita Connolly (1995)
Out To An Other Side - Liam O'Flynn (1992)
Rita Connolly - Rita Connolly (1992)
The Relief of Derry Symphony - Shaun Davey (1990)
Granuaile - Shaun Davey (1986)
Ride On - Mary Coughlan (1984)
The Pilgrim - Shaun Davey (1983)
Arc of a Diver - Philip King (1982)
Scullion - Scullion (1979)
Sean O'Casey Songbook - Paul Brady (1980)
Give a Little Love - Stagalee (1978)
Pride of the Heard - Shaun Davey (1978)
Ten Years On [with The Connolly Sisters] - Universal Folk Club (1977)

Films[link]

2001 The Tailor of Panama
1998 Waking Ned Devine Shaun Davey
1995 The Hanging Gael Shaun Davey
1987 Who Bombed Birmingham Shaun Davey
1984 Eat the Peach Donal Lunny & Paul Brady
1978 Tears Donal Lunny & Jimmy McCarthy
1977 Catchpenny Twist Shaun Davey

References[link]

Mihalis Safras (Μιχάλης Σαφράς)
Mihalis Safras
Background information
Born	(1979-10-05) 5 October 1979 (age 32)
Origin	Athens, Greece
Genres	Tech House, Techno.
Years active	1997–present
Labels	Universal Music Greece (2005-present), and Great Stuff, Munich, Germany.
Website	http://www.mihalissafras.com/

Mihalis Safras (Greek: Μιχαλης Σαφράς), born in Athens in October 1979, is a Greek third-wave techno artist, producer and club DJ from Athens.^[1][2][3][4] His style has been described as Tech-House and Techno with prog influences.^[1] He co-founded the Material Series record label with Mark Broom in 2005.^[1] He has also released mixes through the Great Stuff label in Munich, Germany.^[1] Notably, Michalis Safras' single 'La Samba' was used by Apple Inc. for an iPhone marketing campaign.^[1]

On the DJ pages of residentadvisor.net, the online music magazine, it is stated that there is:

"Not much to say about the Athenian DJ/producer and mastermind behind the Material Series. Mihalis Safras is considered to be one of the most high-profiled artists and the most productive techno producer on the planet."^[5]

Residentadvisor.net goes on to say in an abridged biography that:

"... his life in music scene began in the late 90s, where Mihalis lead the booming techno scene in Greece while working in the most notorious venues of Athens (Umatic). It was there that Mihalis 'alliance' with the triumvirate of Mark Broom grow hid passion for dynamic and versatile techno which inevitably led him to produce a whole vast of dance music, which is continued until today. Being the owner of the respected label Material and its sublabels (Material limited & Saf Series), he continues to delivers smashing tunes to the dancefloors."^[6]

References[link]

Ibiza Voice I.: http://www.ibiza-voice.com/story/news/3643

External links[link]

• Official Website Official website
• Material Series Record label
• Discogs Page Discography
• Elite Music Management - EliteMM
• Resident Advisor April 2011
• Official Facebook Page