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• Hugh (dean)
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• Hugh II of Cyprus
• Hugh II of Lusignan
• Hugh III of Cyprus
• Hugh III of Lusignan
• Hugh IV of Cyprus
• Hugh IV of Lusignan
• Hugh IX of Lusignan
• Hugh le Despenser I
• Hugh of Arles
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• Hugh of Brienne
• Hugh of Châteauneuf
• Hugh of Cluny
• Hugh of Die
• Hugh of Ibelin
• Hugh of Jabala
• Hugh of Lincoln
• Hugh of St Victor
• Hugh of Tuscany
• Hugh Roe O'Donnell
• Hugh the Great
• Hugh V of Lusignan
• Hugh VI of Lusignan
• Hugh VII of Lusignan
• Hugh X of Lusignan
• Hugh XI of Lusignan
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  Belsize Park
  Coordinates: 51°32′42″N 0°09′48″W / 51.5449°N 0.1632°W / 51.5449; -0.1632
  Belsize Park is an area of north-west London, England, in the London Borough of Camden.
  It is located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) north-west of Charing Cross and has a station on the Northern Line. Some nearby localities are Hampstead to the north and west, Kentish Town and Gospel Oak to the east, Camden Town to the south east and Primrose Hill to the south. It is a lively area with many restaurants, pubs and cafés along Haverstock Hill and also England's Lane. Hampstead Heath is a 10–12 minute walk. Primrose Hill park is 5 minutes walk from England's Lane and provides some of the best views of Central London.
  Belsize Park is in the Hampstead and Kilburn constituency whose present MP is Glenda Jackson.
  The name is derived from French bel assis meaning 'well situated'. The Manor of Belsize dates back to 1317.
  Although not named on the Geographers' London Atlas, the area has many thoroughfares bearing its name: Belsize Avenue, Belsize Court, Belsize Crescent, Belsize Gardens, Belsize Grove, Belsize Lane, Belsize Mews, Belsize Park (the road), Belsize Park Gardens, Belsize Place, Belsize Square, and Belsize Terrace. The name comes from the 17th century manor house and parkland (built by Daniel O'Neill for his wife, the Countess of Chesterfield) which once stood on the site. The estate built up between 1852 and 1878, by which time it extended to Haverstock Hill. After World War I, the construction of blocks of flats began, and now a great many of the larger houses are also converted into flats.
  
  wn.com/Belsize_Park
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  Cambridge University
  The University of Cambridge (informally known as Cambridge University or Cambridge) is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after the University of Oxford), and the seventh-oldest in the world. In post-nominals the university's name is abbreviated as Cantab, a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of Cambridge).
  The university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
  Cambridge ranks first in the world in both the 2010 and 2011 QS World University Rankings, sixth in the world in the 2011 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and fifth in the world (and first in Europe) in the 2011 Academic Ranking of World Universities. Cambridge regularly contends with Oxford for first place in UK league tables. In the two most recently published rankings of UK universities by The Guardian newspaper, Cambridge was ranked first.
  
  wn.com/Cambridge_University
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  DreamWorks
  DreamWorks Studios, officially DW II Distribution Co., LLC, also known as DreamWorks, LLC, DreamWorks SKG, DreamWorks Studios or DW Studios, LLC, is an American film studio which develops, produces, and distributes films, video games and television programming. It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses totalling more than $100 million each.
  DreamWorks began in 1994 as an ambitious attempt by media moguls Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (forming the SKG present on the bottom of the DreamWorks logo) to create a new Hollywood studio of which they own 72%. In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom, parent of Paramount Pictures. The sale was completed in February 2006. In 2008, DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and signed a $1.5 billion deal to produce films with India's Reliance ADA Group. Reliance provided $325M of equity to fund recreating Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks studio as an independent entity. Clark Hallren, former Managing Director of the Entertainment Industries group of J.P. Morgan Securities and Alan J. Levine of J.P. Morgan Entertainment Advisors led the Reliance team in structuring the capital and business plan for the company. The movie studio is 50% owned by Reliance which is led by Anil Ambani.
  
  wn.com/DreamWorks
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  Namibia
  Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië, German:  Republik Namibia (help·info)), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
  The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by Bushmen, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. It became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I. In 1920, the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa, which imposed its laws and, from 1948, its apartheid policy.
  
  wn.com/Namibia
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  Oxford
  Oxford ⁱ/ˈɒksfəd/ is a city in central southern England, the home of the University of Oxford. The city is the county town of Oxfordshire, and forms a district within the county. It has a population of just under 165,000, of whom 153,900 live within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre.
  Oxford has a diverse economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.
  Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since the arrival of the Saxons, including the iconic, mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera. Oxford is known as the "city of dreaming spires", a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxford's university buildings. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
  
  wn.com/Oxford

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  Hugh Capet
  Hugh Capet (c. 939 – 24 October 996), called in contemporary sources "Hugh the Great" (Latin: Hugo Magnus), was the first King of the Franks of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Carolingian Louis V in 987 until his death.
  The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born in 939. His paternal family, the Robertians, were powerful landowners in the Île-de-France. His grandfather had been King Robert I. His grandmother Beatrice was a Carolingian, a daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois. This makes him the great-great-great-great-great grandson of Charlemagne through Pepin of Italy. King Odo was his grand-uncle and King Rudolph the son-in-law of his grandfather, King Robert I. Hugh was born into a well-connected and powerful family with many ties to the reigning nobility of Europe. But for all this, Hugh's father was never king. When Rudolph died in 936, Hugh the Great organised the return of Louis d'Outremer, son of Charles the Simple, from his exile at the court of Athelstan of England. Hugh's motives are unknown, but it is presumed that he acted to forestall Rudolph's brother and successor as Duke of Burgundy, Hugh the Black, from taking the French throne, or to prevent it from falling into the grasping hands of Herbert II of Vermandois or Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_Capet
• Hugh Dubh O'Neill
  Hugh Dubh O'Neill, 5th Earl of Tyrone ("Black Hugh", meaning "swarthy" or "dark tempered") (1611–1660) was an Irish soldier of the seventeenth century. He is best known for his participation in the Irish Confederate Wars and in particular his defence of Clonmel in 1650.
  O'Neill was a member of the O'Neill dynasty, the leaders of which fled Ireland in the flight of the Earls in 1607. Hugh Dubh's father, Art Og O'Neill, was among those exiles who made careers for themselves in the Spanish Army of Flanders. Hugh Dubh was, as a result, born in Brussels in 1611 and grew up in the Irish military community there, becoming a professional soldier and serving in the Irish regiment of the Spanish army in Flanders during the Eighty Years' War against the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
  In 1642, his uncle, Owen Roe O'Neill, organised the return of 300 Irish officers in the Spanish service to Ireland to support the Irish Rebellion of 1641. O'Neill's men became the nucleus of the Ulster army of Confederate Ireland - a de facto independent Irish state. Hugh Dubh was captured early in the war by Scottish Covenanter enemies, but was exchanged back to his own side after the Confederate victory at the Battle of Benburb in 1646. He subsequently rose to prominence after the death of his commander, Owen Roe O'Neill, in 1649.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_Dubh_O'Neill
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  Hugh I of Cyprus
  Hugh I of Cyprus (or Hugues I de Lusignan) (1194/1195 – January 10, 1218) succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on April 1, 1205 underage upon the death of his elderly father Amalric of Lusignan, King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. His mother was Eschiva of Ibelin, heiress of that branch of Ibelins who had held Bethsan and Ramleh.
  Hugh was married September, 1210 at Nicosia to his stepsister Alice of Champagne of Jerusalem (1193/1198–1246), daughter of his father's last wife Isabella I of Jerusalem and her previous husband Henry of Champagne, king of Jerusalem. The couple had three children:
  He died at Tripoli and was buried at the Church of the Hospitallers at Tripoli, then at the Church of the Hospitallers at Nicosia.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Hugh_I_of_Cyprus
• Hugh I of Lusignan
  Hugh I (fl. early tenth century), called Venator (Latin for the Hunter), was the first Lord of Lusignan. He is mentioned in the Chronicle of Saint-Maixent. It has been hypothesised that he was the huntsman, ('Le Veneur' in his native French), of the Count of Poitou or the Bishop of Poitiers on the basis of his epithet. He was succeeded by his son, Hugh II Carus, who built the Castle of Lusignan.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_I_of_Lusignan
• Hugh II of Lusignan
  Hugh II (died 967), called Carus (Latin for the Kind), was the second Lord of Lusignan, the son and successor of Hugh I Venator. According to the Chronicle of Saint-Maixent, he built the castle at Lusignan. Hugh III Albus, who emerges from historical obscurity in the next generation, was probably his son.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Hugh_II_of_Lusignan
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  Hugh III of Cyprus
  Hugh III of Cyprus (1235 – 24 March 1284), born Hughues de Poitiers, later Hughues de Lusignan (he adopted his mother's surname de Lusignan in 1267), called the Great, was the King of Cyprus from 1267 and King of Jerusalem from 1268 (as Hugh I of Jerusalem). He was the son of Henry of Antioch and Isabella of Cyprus, the daughter of Hugh I. He was a grandson of Bohemund IV of Antioch and thus a descendant of Robert Guiscard.
  From 1261 he served as Regent for Hugh II of Cyprus in Cyprus, as the Haute Cour of Cyprus considered him, as a male, a better regent than his mother Isabella. She was, however, accepted as the Regent of Jerusalem in 1263. She died in 1264, and Hugh became the acting regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem as well as Cyprus. The regency was contested by his first cousin, Hugh of Brienne, who was the son of Mary of Cyprus, the eldest daughter of Hugh I and hence the senior heir to Cyprus, and heir to Jerusalem after Hugh II. However, the Haute Cour of Jerusalem declared Hugh of Antioch the next regent, as successor to Isabella in proximity of blood.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_III_of_Cyprus
• Hugh III of Lusignan
  Hugh III (fl. late tenth century), called Albus, was the third Lord of Lusignan, probably the son and successor of Hugh II. He confirmed the donation by one of his vassals of the church of Mezeaux to the abbey of Saint-Cyprien and himself granted the abbey the woodland and the public road between Lusignan and Poitiers. He may have been intimate with the comital court of Poitou, for the Duchess Emma, wife of William IV of Aquitaine, imposed a tax on the abbey of Saint-Maixent and gave him the proceeds. His own wife was Arsendis, whom he married in 967, and he was succeeded by his son Hugh Brunus, not the last of that name in the family.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Hugh_III_of_Lusignan
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  Hugh IV of Cyprus
  Hugh IV of Cyprus (or Hugh IV of Lusignan) (c. 1295 or 1293-1296 – 10 October 1359) was King of Cyprus from 31 March 1324 to his abdication, on 24 November 1358 and, nominally, King of Jerusalem, as Hugh II, until his death. The son of Guy of Cyprus, Constable of Cyprus (son of Hugh III of Cyprus and wife Isabella of Ibelin), and Eschiva of Ibelin, Hugh succeeded his father as Constable of Cyprus in 1318, and later succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on the death of his uncle Henry II, since Henry II had no son. He was a member of the House of Lusignan.
  Hugh appears to have been content to rule Cyprus, as he prevented his son, Peter I, from going to Western Europe to recruit support for a new crusade to recover their Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1344, he joined a league with Venice and the Knights Hospitallers which burnt a Turkish fleet in Smyrna and captured the city. In 1345 the allies defeated the Turks at Imbros by land and sea, but Hugh could see little benefit for his kingdom in these endeavors and withdrew from the league.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_IV_of_Cyprus
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  Hugh IX of Lusignan
  Hugh IX "le Brun" of Lusignan (1163/1168 – 5 November 1219) was the grandson of Hugh VIII. His father, also Hugh (b. c. 1141), was the co-seigneur of Lusignan from 1164, marrying a woman named Orengarde before 1162 or about 1167 and dying in 1169. Hugh IX became seigneur of Lusignan in 1172, seigneur of Couhe and Chateau-Larcher in the 1190s, and Count of La Marche (as Hugh IV) on his grandfather's death. Hugh IX died on the Fifth Crusade at Damietta on 5 November 1219.
  Hugh IX is mentioned under the pseudonym Maracdes ("Emerald") in two poems by the troubadour Gaucelm Faidit, according to the Occitan razós to these poems.
  His first wife was Agathe de Preuilly, daughter of Peter (Pierre) II de Preuilly and Aenor de Mauleon. Their marriage was annulled in 1189. His second wife, married c. 1189, was Mathilde of Angoulême (1181 – 1233), daughter of Wulgrin III of Angoulême, Count of Angoulême and Count of La Marche (brother of count Aymer/Adhemar Taillifer). He had two known children:
  Hugh was portrayed by actor James Cossins in the 1978 BBC TV drama series The Devil's Crown.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_IX_of_Lusignan
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  Hugh of Châteauneuf
  Saint Hugh of Châteauneuf (1053 – 1 April 1132) was the Bishop of Grenoble from 1080 to his death. He was a partisan of the Gregorian reform and opposed to Guy of Burgundy, Archbishop of Vienne, later Pope as Callistus II.
  Born at Châteauneuf-sur-Isère, Hugh showed piety and theological facility from a young age. While still a layman, Hugh was made a canon of Valence. His piety was such that it was said of him that he only knew one woman by sight.
  At the Council of Avignon in 1080, he was elected bishop of Grenoble, though he was not yet ordained. The see of Grenoble had fallen into a very poor state, and Hugh was selected to be its Gregorian renovator. Conducted by a papal legate to Rome, Hugh was ordained by Pope Gregory VII himself. Upon his return, he immediately set to the task of reforming the abuses in his new diocese.
  When he had succeeded in countering abuse and fostering devotion after two years, he tried to resign his bishopric and enter the Benedictine monastery at Cluny. However, the Pope ordered him to continue his episcopal work.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_of_Châteauneuf
• Hugh of Die
  Hugh of Die (c. 1040–1106) was a French papal legate, and Archbishop of Lyon from 1081 to 1106. He was a nephew of Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy.
  He became bishop of Die, Drôme, in 1074. He was a strong supporter of the Gregorian reform. He was excommunicated at the 1087 Council of Benevento, for his criticisms of Pope Victor III. Victor's successor Pope Urban II made him legate again in 1094; Hugh in turn excommunicated Philip I of France.
  He accompanied the First Crusade in 1100.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_of_Die
• Hugh of Ibelin
  Hugh of Ibelin (c. 1130-1133 – 1169/1171) was an important noble in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
  Hugh was the eldest son of Barisan of Ibelin and Helvis of Ramla. He was old enough to witness charters in 1148, as was his younger brother Baldwin of Ibelin, which suggests he was born c. 1130-1133, as the male age of majority was fifteen. (H.E. Mayer has suggested a limited degree of competence may have been accepted from the age of eight, reducing his age, but the examples given of this are of males of the royal house, whose situation was somewhat different.) He was probably about ten years older than his youngest brother, Balian of Ibelin.
  After his father Barisan died in 1150, Helvis married the Constable of Jerusalem, Manasses of Hierges, who was one of the strongest supporters of Queen Melisende in the power struggle against Melisende’s son Baldwin III. Manasses was exiled in 1152 when Baldwin was victorious in this struggle, allowing Hugh to inherit Ramla from his mother. Hugh took part in the Siege of Ascalon in 1153, and in 1157 was captured in battle at Banias, being released probably the next year. In 1159 he visited the Principality of Antioch and met with Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, who had arrived to assert his suzerainty over the principality. In 1163 Hugh married Agnes of Courtenay (1133 – 1184/1185), Lady of Toron, the former wife of King Amalric I and mother of Baldwin IV, daughter of Joscelin II de Courtenay, Count of Edessa, by whom he had no issue. It is possible that Agnes had already been betrothed or married to him before 1157, date some say it was the one of the actual marriage but she married Amalric after Hugh was taken prisoner; Amalric was forced to divorce her before becoming King in 1163.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_of_Ibelin
• Hugh of Jabala
  Hugh was the bishop of Jabala, a town in Syria, during the 12th century. When the County of Edessa fell to Zengi in 1144, Raymond, prince of Antioch, sent Hugh to report the news to Pope Eugene III. In response, Eugene issued the papal bull Quantum praedecessores the following year calling for the Second Crusade. Hugh also told the historian Otto of Freising about Prester John, the mythical Nestorian Christian priest-king of India, who was intending to help the Crusader States against the Saracens. Otto included the story in his Chronicon of 1145; it is the first recorded mention of the Prester John legend.
  
  
  
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  Hugh of Lincoln
  Hugh of Lincoln (also Hugh of Avalon or Hugh of Burgundy; 1135/1140 – London, 16 November 1200) was at the time of the Reformation the best-known English saint after Thomas Becket.
  Hugh was born at the château of Avalon, at the border of the Dauphiné with Savoy, the son of William, seigneur of Avalon. His mother Anna died when he was eight, and his father retired to the nearby priory of Villard Benoît at Pontcharra near Grenoble, taking his young son with him.
  Hugh did very well, and was suited to the monastic religious life, becoming deacon at the age of nineteen. About 1159 he was sent to be prior of the monastery nearby at Saint-Maximin, then entered the Grande Chartreuse, at the height of its reputation for the rigid austerity of its rules and the earnest piety of its members. There he rose to become procurator, until he was sent in 1179 to become prior of Witham in Somerset, the first English Carthusian house.
  Henry II of England, as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket, in lieu of going on crusade as he had promised in his first remorse, had established a Carthusian monastery (charterhouse) some time before, which was settled by monks brought from the Grande Chartreuse. There were difficulties in advancing the building works, however, and the first prior was retired and a second soon died. Henry learned of Hugh and sent an influential embassy to demand his services. Most reluctantly, the Carthusians let him go.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_of_Lincoln
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  Hugh of St Victor
  Hugh of Saint Victor (c. 1096 – 11 February 1141) was born perhaps in France, or more probably in Saxony. His origins and early life are rather obscure. He studied and taught at the Augustinian Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris after which he is named. His writings include works of theology, mysticism, philosophy and the arts. Appointed a canon of the Victorines around the turn of the twelfth century.
  The early Didascalion was an elementary, encyclopedic approach to God and Christ, in which Hugh avoided controversial subjects and focused on what he took to be commonplaces of Catholic Christianity. In it he outlined three types of philosophy or "science" [scientia] that can help mortals improve themselves and advance toward God: theoretical philosophy (theology, mathematics, physics) provides them with truth, practical philosophy (ethics, economics, politics) aids them in becoming virtuous and prudent, and "mechanical" or "illiberal" philosophy (e.g., carpentry, agriculture, medicine) yields physical benefits. A fourth philosophy, logic, is preparatory to the others and exists to ensure clear and proper conclusions in them. Hugh's deeply mystical bent did not prevent him from seeing philosophy as a useful tool for understanding the divine, or from using it to argue on behalf of faith.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_of_St_Victor
• Hugh of Tuscany
  Hugh the Great (also Hugo or Ugo; c. 950–21 December 1001) was the Margrave of Tuscany from 961 to his death and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino from 989 to 996. He was the son and successor of Humbert of Tuscany, who was also briefly Duke of Spoleto, and Willa, a daughter of Boniface I of Spoleto. He himself was married to Judith and had a daughter Willa.
  In 989, he became duke in Spoleto, but the Emperor Otto III became fearful of his extensive power in central Italy and so dispossessed him of that duchy and granted it to Conrad. On 31 July 1001, Otto granted several privileges to Ulric Manfred II of Turin by the request of Hugonis marchionis, probably Hugh of Tuscany.
  The latter part of Hugh's long reign in Tuscany was spent endowing religious foundations. These donations were confirmed by many other rulers over the century after his death. He died at Pistoia and was buried in Florence. His life became surrounded by legends and he was remembered by Placido Puccinelli in his Istoria delle eroiche azioni di Ugo il Grande as a moral and pious prince. His tomb in the Badia Fiorentina was said to be the site of celestial visions.
  
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  Hugh Roe O'Donnell
  Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill, anglicised as either Hugh Roe O'Donnell or Red Hugh O'Donnell (1572 – 10 September 1602), was An Ó Domhnaill (The O'Donnell) and Rí (king) of Dun na nGall (anglicised Donegal, now known as County Donegal). He led a rebellion against English government in Ireland from 1593 and helped to lead the Nine Years' War (a revolt against English occupation) from 1595 to 1603. He is sometimes also known as Aodh Ruadh II or Red Hugh II, especially within County Donegal.
  For the political context of O'Donnell's life see the Tudor conquest of Ireland
  Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill was born to the King of Tír Chonaill, Aodh mac Maghnusa Ó Domhnaill, and his second wife, the Ineen Dubh, in 1572. At the age of fifteen, in 1587, he was seized by Sir John Perrot, then the English Lord Deputy of Ireland, and imprisoned in Dublin Castle in an attempt to prevent an alliance between the O'Donnell and O'Neill clans. O'Donnell escaped briefly in 1591 but was recaptured within days.
  Hugh O'Donnell made his successful escape only in January, 1592, assisted by his ally Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, who arranged for his flight from Dublin into the Wicklow Mountains in the depths of winter. O'Donnell successfully reached the stronghold of Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne (another of O'Neill's allies) at Glenmalure, where he found refuge, but he had lost both big toes to frostbite and his companion and fellow escapee Art O'Neill had died of exposure in the mountains. Hugh O'Donnell and his two companions, the brothers Art and Henry O'Neill, were the only prisoners ever to successfully escape captivity in Dublin Castle.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_Roe_O'Donnell
• Hugh the Great
  Hugh the Great or Hugues le Grand (898 – 16 June 956) was duke of the Franks and count of Paris, son of King Robert I of France and nephew of King Odo. He was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987. His family is known as the Robertians.
  Hugh's first wife was Judith, daughter of Roger Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde
  Hugh's second wife was Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and sister of King Athelstan. At the death of Rudolph, duke of Burgundy, in 936, Hugh was in possession of nearly all of the region between the Loire and the Seine, corresponding to the ancient Neustria, with the exception of the territory ceded to the Normans in 911. He took a very active part in bringing Louis IV (d'Outremer) from the Kingdom of England in 936, but in the same year Hugh married Hedwige of Saxony, a daughter of Henry the Fowler of Germany and Matilda of Ringelheim, and soon quarrelled with Louis.
  Hugh even paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis. When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh, who released him in 946 only on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon. At the council of Ingelheim (948) Hugh was condemned, under pain of excommunication, to make reparation to Louis. It was not, however, until 950 that the powerful vassal became reconciled with his suzerain and restored Laon. But new difficulties arose, and peace was not finally concluded until 953.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_the_Great
• Hugh V of Lusignan
  Hugh V (died 8 October 1060), called the Fair or the Pious, was the fifth Lord of Lusignan and Lord of Couhé. He succeeded his father, Hugh IV, sometime around 1026.
  He and his brother Rorgo confirmed charters for the abbeys of Saint-Maixent and Saint-Cyprien and that of Nouaillé. He married Almodis (990 or c. 1020 – murdered October 16, 1071), daughter of Bernard I, Count of La Marche, through which future counts would claim La Marche. Almodis bore Hugh two sons and one daughter: Hugh VI of Lusignan and Jordan de Lusignan, and Mélisende de Lusignan (b. bef. 1055), married before 1074 to Simon I "l'Archevêque", Vidame de Parthenay. He then repudiated her on the basis of consanguinity and she married Pons of Toulouse. When Duke William VIII of Aquitaine, Hugh's suzerain, was at war with William IV of Toulouse, Almodis persuaded Hugh to join her son's side. The duke besieged Lusignan and when Hugh tried to sortie for provisions, he was slain at the gate. He was succeeded by his eldest son, also named Hugh.
  
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  Hugh X of Lusignan
  Hugh X de Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême or Hugues X & V & I de Lusignan (c. 1183 or c. 1195 – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême) succeeded his father Hugh IX as Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November, 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage.
  His father, Hugh IX de Lusignan was betrothed to marry 12 year-old Isabel of Angoulême in 1200, when King John of England took her for his Queen, an action which resulted in the entire de Lusignan family rebelling against the English king. Following John's death, Queen Isabel returned to her native France, where she married 10 May 1220 Hugh X de Lusignan. By Hugh X's marriage to Isabel (1188 – Fontrevault Abbey, France, 31 May 1246 and buried there) in 10 March - 22 May 1220, He became Count of Angoulême until her death in 1246. Together they founded the abbey of Valence. They had nine children:
  Hugh X was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh XI of Lusignan.
  According to explanations in the manuscripts of Gaucelm Faidit's poems, this troubadour was a rival of Hugh X of Lusignan for the love of Marguerite d'Aubusson.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan
• Hugh XI of Lusignan
  Hugh XI de Lusignan, Hugh VI of La Marche or Hugh II of Angoulême or Hugues XI & VI & II de Lusignan (1221 – 6 April 1250). He succeeded his mother Isabelle of Angoulême, former queen of England, as Count of Angoulême in 1246. He likewise succeeded his father Hugh X as Count of La Marche in 1249. Hugh XI de Lusignan was uterine half-brother of Henry III of England.
  Hugh XI was betrothed in 1224 to Joan of Toulouse, the daughter and heiress of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse and his wife Sancha de Aragón. The betrothal was later broken and Joan was married to a brother of the French King. By the treaty of Vendôme in March 1227 Hugh XI was next betrothed to Isabelle of France, the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. The contract of this marriage is dated June 1230.
  Hugh XI married in January 1236 Yolande of Brittany (1218 – 10 October 1272, buried at Villeneuve-lez-Nantes), daughter of Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, by his 1st wife, Alix, daughter of Guy of Thouars. In 1236, Yolande received as her dowry, the titles of Countess of Penthièvre, Dame de la Fère-en-Tardenois, de Chailly, and de Longjumeau which she held suo jure. Her brother John I, Duke of Brittany granted her the title of suo jure Countess of Porhoet. They had seven children.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_XI_of_Lusignan
• Hugh XII of Lusignan
  Hugh XII de Lusignan, Hugh VII of La Marche or Hugh III of Angoulême or Hugues XII & VII & III de Lusignan (c. 1235/1240 – after August 25, 1270). He succeeded his father Hugh XI as seigneur of Lusignan, Couhe, and Peyrat, Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême in 1250.
  He married at Fougères 29 January 1253/4 Jeanne de Fougères (d. Aft.1273), daughter of Raoul III, seigneur of Fougères, and Isabelle de Craon. They had six children:
  Hugh XII de Lusignan died in 1270 while on Crusade with King Louis IX of France. His eldest son Hugh XIII de Lusignan succeeded him.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_XII_of_Lusignan
• Áed Aired
  Áed Aired (died 698) or Áed Airdd or Áed Airech was a Dal nAraide king of the Cruithne in Ulaid (Ulster). He ruled from 690-698.
  In the 6th and 7th centuries the Dal nAraide were part of a confederation of Cruithne tribes in Ulaid (Ulster) and were the dominant members. He was a member of the Uí Dercu Chéin sept which resided in the Lagan river valley on the borders of modern County Down and Antrim.The annals call him King of Dal nAraide at his death obit whereas the normal title used during this time was King of the Cruithne.
  The annals record his death at the Battle of Telach Garraisc in Fernmag (Farney, County Monaghan) along with Conchobar Macha mac Máele Dúin, King of the Airthir (an Airgialla tribe of modern County Armagh) in 698. One explanation of the battle is that they were allies fighting against the Uí Cremthainn (another Airgialla tribe of eastern County Fermanagh and northern County Monaghan) Another is that Conchobar was his enemy and they slew each other in battle. The motivation may have been to protect the ecclesiastical independence of Armagh from the Cenél nEógan
  
  wn.com/Áed_Aired
• Áed Dibchine
  Áed Dibchine mac Senaig (died 595) was a King of Leinster from the Uí Máil branch of the Laigin. He is the first king of this branch to hold the overlordship of Leinster.
  The Book of Leinster king lists mention a certain Áed Cerr mac Colmáin who appears as genealogically related to the Uí Dúnlainge and is made to appear this way as the son of Colmán Már mac Coirpre. However, it is Aed Dibchine who was the king at this time. The king lists of the Book of Leinster appear falsified for the 6th century to give greater claim to the Ui Dunlainge which prevents a clear picture of this era in Leinster
  His sons were Rónán Crach, possibly the Leinster king mentioned in the saga "Fingal Rónáin" (The Kinslaying of Rónán); and Crimthann mac Áedo (died 633), a king of Leinster.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Áed_Dibchine
• Áed Dub mac Colmáin
  Áed Dub mac Colmáin or Áed(h) of Kildare is a former King of Leinster, and an Irish saint, commemorated by Colgan under date of 4 January; but much obscurity attaches to his life-work.
  The Annals of the Four Masters and the Annals of Ulster agree in the account of this monarch, who resigned his crown and eventually became Bishop of Kildare. Under the name of Aidus, a Latinized form of Áed, his name is to be found in several martyrologies. The year of his death was 639, according to the corrected chronology of the "Annals of Ulster."
  Colgan tells us that he resigned the throne of Leinster in 591 (really, 592), and entered the great monastery of Kildare, where he served God for forty-eight years, becoming successively abbot of Kildare and bishop of Kildare. His episcopate was from about 630 to 639.
  He must not be confounded with Áed Finn, king of Ossory, known as "Áed the cleric," who was a contemporary, and resigned the throne of Ossory for a monastic cell. St. Áed of Leinster is styled Áed Dub, from his dark features, whilst Áed of Ossory was fair, hence the affix finn (fionn = fair). Another St. Áed is venerated on 3 May.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Dub_mac_Colmáin
• Áed Dub mac Suibni
  Áed Dub mac Suibni (died c. 588) was an Irish king of the Cruthin of Dál nAraidi (in modern Ulster). He may have been king of the Ulaid.
  Áed Dub — Black Áed — killed the last pagan High King of Ireland, Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Tradition has Diarmaid die a mythic threefold death, and some version make Áed Diarmaid's foster-son. The Annals of Tigernach report, more prosaically, that Diarmaid was killed by Áed Dub in 565 at Ráith Bec, on the plain of Mag Line (Moylinny, near Larne), in the lands of the Dál nAraidi.
  In Book I, Chapter 36 of Adomnán of Iona's Life of Saint Columba, it states that Áed Dub was later ordained as a priest, an ordination that Adomnán describes as a sham. He writes that when Columba learned of this, he prophecised that although Áed would live for many years to come, he "will return as a dog to his vomit; he will again be a bloody murderer and in the end, killed by a spear, he will fall from wood into water and die drowning." This is again the mythic three-fold death, and probably signifies that there was some manner of traditional account of Áed Dub.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Dub_mac_Suibni
• Áed Find
  Áed Find (Áed the White) or Áed mac Echdach (before 736–778) was king of Dál Riata (modern western Scotland). Áed was the son of Eochaid mac Echdach, a descendant of Domnall Brecc in the main line of Cenél nGabráin kings.
  According to later genealogies, Áed was the great-grandfather of Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín) who is traditionally counted as the first king of Scots. This descent ran through Áed's son Eochaid mac Áeda Find and Eochaid's son Alpín mac Echdach. The evidence for the existence of Eochaid and Alpín is late and uncompelling, and shows signs of fabrication in the High Middle Ages.
  The Annals of Ulster in 768 report "Bellum i Fortrinn iter Aedh & Cinaedh": a battle in Fortriu between Áed and Cináed. This is usually read as meaning Áed Find and the Pictish king Ciniod I, who is called "Cinadhon" in the notice of his death in 775. The Annals of the Four Masters, a less reliable source, give a different version, placing this battle in Leinster and naming the victor as Cináed mac Flainn of the Uí Failgi and his defeated enemy as one Áed.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Find
• Áed Findliath
  Áed mac Neíll (died 879), called Áed Findliath (Áed the Fair Warrior) to distinguish him from his paternal grandfather Áed Oirdnide, was king of Ailech and High King of Ireland. A member of the northern Uí Néill kindred of the Cenél nEógain, Áed was the son of Niall Caille.
  From the death of Áed Allán in 743 until the overthrow of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill by Brian Boru in 1002, the succession to the High Kingship of Ireland century alternated between northern and southern branches of the Uí Néill with the north represented by members of the Cenél nÉogain, Áed's paternal kindred, and the south by the Clann Cholmáin, his mother's kin.Francis John Byrne describes this as "a fragile convention, marked by watchful jealousy rather than friendly accord."
  During the reign of Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid, who succeeded Áed's father as High King, the balance of power between north and south which had ensured the alternating succession appeared to be tipping in favour of the southern Clann Cholmáin kindred. The weakness of the Kings of Munster following the death of the powerful Feidlimid mac Crimthainn in 847 led to repeated attacks on Munster by Máel Sechnaill in the 850s and a submission by the kings of Munster in 858. In 859, Osraige was made subject to the Uí Néill, and this led to open warfare between Máel Sechnaill and Áed.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Findliath
• Áed mac Ainmuirech
  Áed mac Ainmuirech (died 598) was high-king of the Northern Uí Néill. He belonged to the Cenél Conaill and was a distant cousin of Columba of Iona. He was the son of Ainmuire mac Sétnai (died 569), a previous possible high king.
  He came to power some decades after the death of the last old, pagan style high-king of Tara, Diarmait mac Cerbaill (d. 565), after a period in which it is not clear that the Uí Néill had a high-king, nor is it certain that his contemporaries would have acknowledged Áed as such. The high kingship of Ireland rotated between the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill branches in the late 6th century. It is difficult to disentangle the reign of Áed from that of his older second cousin Báetán mac Ninneda (died 586). Various lengths are given to the reign of Áed in the kinglists all of which would put the start of his reign before the death of Báetán. Both kings are omitted fron the Baile Chuinn, the earliest Irish king list of the late 7th century, but this was probably a partisan document. It is possible that Báetán was not actually high king but was given this position by the synthetic historians to explain away the rule of Báetán mac Cairill (died 581) of the Dal Fiatach of Ulster as high king. The kinglists only assign him a reign of one year. Whether Báetán was king of Tara or not, the real effective power among the northern Ui Neill was Áed mac Ainmuirech.
  
  wn.com/Áed_mac_Ainmuirech
• Áed mac Boanta
  Áed mac Boanta (died 839) is believed to have been a king of Dál Riata.
  The only reference to Áed in the Irish annals is found in the Annals of Ulster, where it is recorded that "Eóganán mac Óengusa, Bran mac Óengusa, Áed mac Boanta, and others almost innumerable" in a battle fought by the men of Fortriu against Vikings in 839.
  The Duan Albanach lists an "Áed An" who ruled for four years over Dál Riata and the Synchronisms of Flann Mainistrech place him between Caustantín mac Fergusa and Eóganán mac Óengusa, Caustantín's nephew. It is doubtful whether Caustantín and Eóganán ruled over Dál Riata, but Áed is thought to have done so.
  Áed may have been preceded as king by Domnall mac Caustantín. It is not known what kings followed him, if any, before the region fell under the dominance of Norse-Gaels such as the Uí Ímair in the latter part of the ninth century.
  
  wn.com/Áed_mac_Boanta
• Áed mac Colggen
  Áed mac Colggen (died 738) was a king of the Uí Cheinnselaig of Leinster. Some sources incorrectly make him joint king of Leinster with Bran Becc mac Murchado, but it appears that Áed was main ruler of Leinster in 738 His father Colcú mac Bressail (died 722) was called king of Ard Ladrann (near Gorey, Co.Wexford) at his death obit in the annals in 722 which mention that he was killed. He was the great-great grandson of Crundmáel Erbuilc (died 656),a King of Leinster, and was a member of the Sil Chormaic sept.
  The date of his succession to the Uí Cheinnselaig throne cannot be dated with certainty. The annals record that the Ui Cheinnselaig king Laidcnén mac Con Mella was slain at the Battle of Maistiu (Mullaghmast in south County Kildare) in 727 by the Leinster king Dúnchad mac Murchado (died 728). The king lists in the Book of Leinster, have him succeeded by Élothach mac Fáelchon who ruled for seven years before being slain by Áed mac Colggen at the Battle of Oenbethi who then is listed as king.
  
  wn.com/Áed_mac_Colggen
• Áed mac Echach
  Áed mac Echach Tirmcharna (died 575) was a King of Connacht from the Uí Briúin branch of the Connachta. He was the son of Echu Tirmcharna mac Fergusso (died ca. 556). He came to the throne in the year 557 and ruled till 575.
  The slaying of one of his sons was the cause of a war with the high-king Diarmait mac Cerbaill (died 563). Geoffrey Keating states that Diarmait held a feast at Tara at which Aed's son Curnán mac Áedo (died 559) slew a nobleman. Curnán then put himself under the protection of Forguss and Domnall mac Muichertaig of the Cenél nEógain of the northern Uí Néill who placed him under the protection of their kinsman Saint Columba. However Diarmait had Curnán executed for violating laws of Tara in 559. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, Curnán was torn from the hands of Columba. As a result Columba organized a confederacy of the northern Ui Neill including the Cenél Conaill with Aed of Connacht against Diarmait.
  In 560 the Battle of Cúl Dreimne (in County Sligo) was fought by this alliance against Diarmait. The Annals of the Four Masters mention that the prayers of Columba prevailed over the druids of Diarmait and he was defeated. T.M. Charles-Edwards places this battle in later Cenel Caipre Droma Cliab territory in the region between the Northern Ui Neill and the Connachta stating that Diarmait was on the offensive and tried to cut the allies off. He also states that the true cause of this battle was probably a dispute over the succession to Diarmait.
  
  wn.com/Áed_mac_Echach
• Áed Muinderg
  Áed mac Flaithbertaig (died 747), called Áed Muinderg, was a chief of the Cenél Conaill of the northern Uí Néill. He was the son of the high king Flaithbertach mac Loingsig (died 765). His byname Muinderg means "red-necked".
  His father Flaithbertach was the last Cenél Conaill high king of Ireland. He was deposed or abdicated in 734 in favor of the rival northern Ui Neill family, the Cenél nEógain, led by Áed Allán (died 743). His father later died as a monk at Armagh in 765.
  Áed Allán was defeated and slain in the battle at Seredmag by Domnall Midi (died 763) of the Clann Cholmáin branch of the southern Ui Neill in 743. Domnall may have appointed Áed Muinderg as his deputy in the north and he is styled "King of the North" (Rí in Tuaiscert) in the Irish annals. As such his rule in the north lasted from 743 to 747.
  His brothers Loingsech mac Flaithbertaig (died 754) and Murchad mac Flaithbertaig (died 767) were simply called chiefs of the Cenél Conaill. His son Domnall mac Áeda Muindeirg (died 804) was also called King of the North in the annals.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Muinderg
• 
  Áed Oirdnide
  Áed mac Néill (died 819) (Irish pronunciation: [ˈaið mak niːˈəl]), commonly called Áed Oirdnide, was King of Ailech. A member of the Cenél nEógain dynasty of the northern Uí Néill, he was the son of Niall Frossach. Like his father, Áed was reckoned High King of Ireland. He was King of Ailech from 788 onwards and High King of Ireland from 797.
  A large body of contemporary and near-contemporary material on early medieval Ireland has survived. From the titles of works mentioned in these sources, it is clear that a great deal of additional material has now been lost. The surviving materials usually exist in the form of much later copies, and it is only from comparison of the various texts that the original documents can be reconstructed.
  Extant Irish annals are ultimately derived from the now-lost Chronicle of Ireland which was probably being compiled in the midlands of Ireland by around 800. All include material derived from other sources, or added at a later date. The Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Innisfallen cover the years around 800. The Annals of Clonmacnoise survive only in an eccentric 17th century English translation, and the Annals of Tigernach for this period are lost with Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh's abbreviated copy known as the Chronicon Scotorum supplying only part of the missing material. The Annals of the Four Masters are late, and include some material of doubtful origin. While the annals provide a considerable amount of information, they are generally terse, and most focus their attention on the doings of the Uí Néill and of churchmen.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Oirdnide
• Áed Róin
  Áed Róin mac Bécce Bairrche (died 735) was the Dal Fiatach king of Ulaid, which is now Ulster, Ireland. He reigned from 708 to 735. He was the son of Bécc Bairrche mac Blathmaic, (died 718), a previous king of Ulaid who had abdicated in 707 to become a pilgrim.
  Opposition to his rule from the various branches of the Dál nAraidi had to be overcome at first. In 712 The Ulaid (Dal Fiatach) were overthrown and Dubthach mac Bécce, Áed's brother was slain. In 714 a battle was fought between the sons of Becc Bairrche and the son of Bressal mac Fergusa (died 685) of the Uí Echach Cobo in which the Dal Fiatach were victors.
  In 735 the High King of Ireland Áed Allán of the Cenél nEógain defeated Áed Róin at Faughart, in Magh Muirtheimhne in modern County Louth. Áed Róin and Conchad mac Cúanach of Ui Echach Coba were slain. This conflict had arisen as a result of a profanation of a church, Cell Conna, dear to Áed Allán by one of Áed Róin's men, for which Congus, abbot of Armagh demanded vengeance. Áed Róin's head was cut off. This victory resulted in the loss of Conailli Muirtheimne overlordship by the Ulaid to the Ui Neill of their influence in Louth.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Róin
• Áed Rón mac Cathail
  Áed Rón mac Cathail (died 604) was a king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly. He was the grandson of Bruidge mac Nath Í (died 579), a previous king.
  He is listed as king in the Book of Leinster king list though incorrectly as Aed Róin mac Falge Ruit. He is also mentioned in a poem in the genealogies about the royal fort at Rathangan, County Kildare. His father Cathal mac Bruidgi was also mentioned as king in this poem but is not in the king list or annals.
  Áed took the side of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch versus the Clann Cholmáin in the feud among the southern Ui Neill. As a result he was slain in 604 on the same day as Áed Sláine in the interests of Conall Guthbinn (died 635), king of Uisnech.
  His son Ailill mac Áedo Róin was a king of the Uí Failge. However future kings were to descend from his brother Máel Uma.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Rón_mac_Cathail
• Áed Sláine
  Áed mac Diarmato (died 604), called Áed Sláine (Áed of Slane), was the son of Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Legendary stories exist of Áed's birth. Saint Columba is said to have prophesied his death. His descendants, the Síl nÁedo Sláine—the seed of Áed of Slane—were prominent in 7th and early 8th century Ireland.
  Áed's mother is said to have been Mugain Mór, perhaps an euhemerisation of a Munster sovereignty goddess. This Mugain is called the daughter of Conchrad mac Duach, the king of Osraige. Mugain and Diarmait's marriage is barren, and Mugain is humiliated by Diarmait's chief wife until she is given blessed holy water to drink by Saint Finnian of Moville, after which she gives birth to a lamb, then to a salmon, and finally to Áed.
  Finnian prophesied that Áed would "surpass his brethren and more kings will come from him than from the sons of others". This prophecy may date to the period before 750, when the Síl nÁedo Sláine were dominant, after which the descendants of Áed's brother Colmán Már—Clann Cholmáin—were clearly the most important group descended from Diarmait mac Cerbaill. A third brother of Áed, Colmán Bec, was also an ancestor figure, but of the less important Caílle Follamain. The many legends surrounding his father name other brothers of Áed, but their historical existence is uncertain.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Sláine
• 
  Áed Uaridnach
  Áed Uaridnach (or Áed mac Domnaill) (died 612) was an Irish king who was High King of Ireland. He is sometimes also known as Áed Allán, a name most commonly used for the 8th century king of the same name, this Áed's great-great-grandson.
  Áed was the son of Domnall Ilchelgach (died 566) and brother of Eochaid mac Domnaill (died 572), considered to have been High Kings by some sources.. He belonged to the northern Cenél nEógain kindred of the Uí Néill. He was King of Ailech from 604 to 612
  Áed, it was said, was preceded as High King by the joint rule of Áed Sláine and Colmán Rímid and ruled from 604 to 612. Áed is mentioned in the earliest Irish King list contained in the Baile Chuind (The Ecstasy of Conn), a late 7th century Irish poem. In 605 Áed won a victory over the King of Leinster, Brandub mac Echach (died 605) at the Battle of Slabra. Leinster was often a target of the Ui Neill for inaugural raids and the levy of a cattle-tribute. The Annals of Tigernach place the beginning of his reign after this event.
  
  wn.com/Áed_Uaridnach

Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel (2010)

"Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel (2010)" Actors

• Hugh Hefner
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• Jim Brown
• James Caan
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"Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel (2010)" Director

• Brigitte Berman

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