Etawah
—  city  —
Etawah Location of Etawah in Uttar Pradesh and India
Coordinates	26°46′N 79°02′E / 26.77°N 79.03°E / 26.77; 79.03Coordinates: 26°46′N 79°02′E / 26.77°N 79.03°E / 26.77; 79.03
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District(s)	Etawah
Population	211,460 (2001[update])
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
Area • Elevation	• 197 metres (646 ft)
Codes • Pincode • 206001 • Telephone • +5688 • Vehicle • UP75
Website	www.etawah.nic.in

Etawah (Hindi: इटावा) is a city on the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Etawah District. The city was an important center for the Revolt of 1857 (Allan Octavian Hume, the founder of Indian National Congress was district collector then). Also is the place of sangam or confluence between Yamuna and Chambal. It is also the site of the remains of the Great Hedge of India. Population of Etawah in 2001 census was 141,460.

Geography and Demographics[link]

Etawah was a town and district of British India, in the Agra division of the United Provinces. The town is situated on the left bank of the Yamuna, and has a station on the Indian Railway (Northern Zone), 386 km from Allahabad. Deep fissures intersect the various quarters of the town, over which broad roads connect the higher portions by bridges and embankments. Considerable trade is carried on by rail, National Highway 2 (Earlier Grand Trunk Road) and river.

The district of Etawah lies in the southwestern portion of Uttar Pradesh 26° 47" north latitude and 72° 20" east longitude and forms a part of the Kanpur Division. In shape it is a parallelogram with a length from north to south 70 km. and East to west 66 km. on one side and 24 km. on the other side. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Farrukhabad and Mainpuri, while the small extent of western border adjoins tahsil Bah of the Agra district. The eastern frontier marches with the district of Auraiya, and along the south lie Jalaun and the district of Gwalior, the division line being, except for a short distance, the Chambal and Yamuna rivers. The total area in 1999 is calculated to be 2434 km.

The district exhibits a striking variety of surface and scenery. The greater portion lies within the Doab or level alluvial plain between the Ganges and the Yamuna. This part falls naturally into two sections, divided by the deep and fissured valley of the river Sengar.

The tract to the north-east of that stream is rich and fertile, being watered by the Kanpur and Etawah branches of the Ganges canal, and other important works. The south-western region has the same natural advantages, but possesses no great irrigation system, and is consequently less fruitful than the opposite slopes. Near the banks of the Yamuna, the plain descends into the river valley by a series of wild ravines and terraces, inhabited only by a scattered race of hereditary herdsmen. Beyond the Jamuna, a strip of land extends along the tangled gorges of the Chambal and the Kuari Nadi, far into the borders of the Gwalior state. This outlying tract embraces a series of rocky glens and mountain torrents, crowned by the ruins of native strongholds, and interspersed with narrow ledges of cultivable alluvium. The climate, once hot and sultry, has now become comparatively moist and equable under the influence of irrigation and the planting of trees.

History[link]

Ancient era[link]

This region is believed to have existed even in the Bronze Age.The earliest Aryans who lived here were the Panchalas.They are said to have had close connections with Kurus.

Tradition holds the history of the town started with its foundation by a successor of King Bharat. The region also finds mention in the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics.

The Guptas, Kanvas, Kanishka, Naga kings ruled over this area. In the fourth century A.D., it was part of united India under the Guptas.

During the ninth and tenth centuries, this region was governed by Gurjara Pratihara rulers. The conquest of Kannauj by Nagabhata II handed Pratiharas control over this region. During the reign of Gurjara Pratihara monarch Mihir Bhoj, the region is mentioned as prosperous, safe from thieves and rich in natural resources.^[1]

Revolt of 1857[link]

During the First War of Independence in 1857 major disturbances occurred in Etawah, and the district was occupied by the freedom fighters from June to December. British rule was not completely restored till the end of 1858.

Modern history and economy[link]

Etawah has experienced modernization and development under British Raj and in the post-independence period.

The district is partly watered by branches of the Ganges canal.

It is traversed by the main line of the Indian railway (Northern zone) which runs from Kanpur to Agra and beyond. The railway was first built during the British Raj.

Cotton, oilseeds, Ghee and other agricultural produce, and, a special bread of goat and buffalo are grown and exported.

The region has a 652MW Natural Gas based power generation plant. However it lacks manufacturing industries.

Etawah was known for its handloom products; most of them are converted into powerlooms thanks to the advent of better technology.

Eminent personalities[link]

Former Indian President the late Dr.Zakir Husain pursued his school education in H.M.S. Islamia Inter College. This College is epitomizes unity and good relations between Hindus and Muslims.

The writer Babu Gulabrai was born in Etawah. His essay Ganhu aur Gulab is well known.

Etawah has a strong tradition of poetry. Several poets were born and brought up in this city. A well-known poet sri Gopaldas Neeraj, born in Etawah, has composed songs for Indian films.

Corridors[link]

Mainpri Etawah
Towards Farrukhabad Mainpuri Main Line towards Shikohabad Keerath Pur Karhal Vaidhpura Etawah

[edit] Mainpuri Etawah Rail Line:Opertion will start in 2012

• Route Length-56 km
• Number of Stations-4

As per 2011-12 Rail Budget, new railway lines from Mainpuri to Etawah will be completed by mid of 2012 which is currently under construction .Northan Central Railways has open tenders of Rs. 32641755 in May 2011 for various work involved in 56 KM BG Line.

Geography[link]

Etawah is located at 26°46′N 79°02′E / 26.77°N 79.03°E / 26.77; 79.03.^[2] It has an average elevation of 197 metres (456 feet).

Demographics[link]

As of 2001^[update] India census,^[3] Etawah had a population of 211,460. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Etawah, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.A backward castYadavs and higher cast Bhadaurias are majority in Etawah.^[4][5]

Transport[link]

Airways-Saifei Airfield is the nearest airfield, at the ancestral village of Mulayam Singh Yadav. The nearest dometic airport is Kanpur Chakeri Airport.

Railways-Etawah Central Railway Station lies on Delhi-Kolkata train line.Shatabdi Express and many other superfast trains make a stop here.

Roadways-Inner State Bus Station helps connect Etawah with points across the rest of Uttar Pradesh state.

Localways-Auto-rickshaws and manual rickshaws are the major form of transport. There are also several buses.

See also[link]

• Ahirs
• Yadavs
• Chauhans
• Uttar Pradesh
• Harit Pradesh

References[link]

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links[link]

• Website of Etawah District
• A zoomable driving map

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Akhilesh Yadav (born 1 July 1973) is an Indian politician and the youngest chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.^[2] First time he was elected to the Lok Sabha from Kannauj in a by-election of 2000. He retained his seat in the 2004 and 2009 general elections. Thus he has won the Lok Sabha elections three times since 2000.^[3] He spearheaded the campaign to bring the Samajwadi Party back to power in the U.P. Assembly election 2012.

Early life and education[link]