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Coordinates: 55°39′N 3°11′W / 55.65°N 3.18°W / 55.65; -3.18

Peebles
Scottish Gaelic: Na Pùballan
Scots: Peebles
Bridge over the River Tweed in Peebles
Peebles  Peebles shown within the Scottish Borders
Population	8,159
OS grid reference	NT2540
Council area	Scottish Borders
Lieutenancy area	Tweeddale
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Postcode district	EH45
Dialling code	01721
Police	Lothian and Borders
Fire	Lothian and Borders
Ambulance	Scottish
EU Parliament	Scotland
UK Parliament	Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale & Tweeddale
Scottish Parliament	Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale.
List of places: UK • Scotland •

Peebles (Scottish Gaelic: Na Pùballan)^{[1][verification needed]} is a burgh in the committee area of Tweeddale, in the Scottish Borders, lying on the River Tweed. According to the 2001 Census, the population was 8,159.^[2]

History[link]

Initially a market town, Peebles played a role in the woollen industry of the Scottish Borders up until the 1960s. Although one woollen mill remains operational in the town, the industrial composition of Peebles has changed; the town is now home to many people who commute to work in Edinburgh as well as being a popular tourist destination, especially in the summer. In the mid-to-late 19th century, this included health tourism, centring around hydropathic establishments, which over time morphed into hotel format, with Peebles Hydro Hotel being one of the few survivors of that era.^[3] Notable buildings in the town include the Old Parish Church of Peebles and Neidpath Castle. Other local attractions include a museum and the Kailzie Gardens. Peebles has the highest shoe shop to population ratio in the UK.^{[citation needed]} It has won multiple awards for an excellent range of shops on its High Street.

Location[link]

Peebles lies at the confluence of the River Tweed and Eddleston Water (locally called "the Cuddy"). The Tweed flows west to east, and the Eddleston flows from the north, turning to flow south-west 300 yards before the confluence. This south-westerly turn demarcates a raised triangular piece of land, open to the east but contained by the rivers to the south and north. The name is generally accepted to come from the Brythonic pebyll tents, signifying a temporary settlement.^[4]

The eastern side was defended in historic times by a town wall, which ran in an east facing arc, through which the road to Glentress passed at the East Gate. The road passing through this gate, the Eastgate, is one of four gates in Peebles, the others being Northgate, Bridgegate (where the Eddleston Water was crossed to the north of town), and Ludgate (the western gate of the town), now called Young Street.

At the junction of Eastgate and Northgate roads, where the Eastgate becomes High Street, is an ancient market cross. The present-day market is held in the station car park, to the north and south ends of which are the remains of the town wall. Peebles High Street runs parallel with the Tweed along the spine of a ridge, at the west end of which is the parish church.

Historic features and traditions[link]

The oldest building in Peebles is the tower of St Andrew's Church. The church was founded in 1195. It was destroyed (along with many other Borders abbeys and priories) by the soldiers of Henry VIII. The stones of the ruins were pilfered for many other local buildings leaving only the tower standing amongst the gravestone of the churchyard. Another ancient church in the town is the Cross Kirk, founded in 1261. Although now mainly ruins, the Cross Kirk plays a prominent part in the local festival.

The annual local festival in Peebles is called the Beltane, and involves (as with many Borders festivals) a Common Riding. The Beltane culminates with the crowning of the Beltane Queen (a girl chosen from one of three local primary schools) along with her court, including the likes of the First and Second Courtiers, Sword Bearer and Standard Bearer; on the steps in front of the parish church. The adult principal of the festival is the Cornet, a local young man chosen by the organising committee on a basis of being considered worthy of representing the town, who then carries the town standard for a year.

To the west of the town is Neidpath Castle, which can be reached on foot through Hay Lodge Park, the route offering spectacular views of the castle. The castle is now closed to the public. On the south side of High Street are the old burgh offices. These incorporate the town's library, art gallery and local museum. The building occupied by these are called the Chambers Institution, being deeded to the town by William Chambers, a member of the Chambers publishing family who originated in the town. Chambers' house can be found on the oldest street in Peebles - Biggiesknowe.

Peebles is no longer connected to the railway network. In years past, the Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway had lines that connected Peebles to Edinburgh and Galashiels.

Notable people[link]

Traditionally, a person born in Peebles was called a gutterbluid, although few people can now claim that distinction as Peebles no longer has a hospital. Most babies are born in Edinburgh or Borders General Hospital at Melrose.

• Eric Bogle (b. 1944), folk musician resident in Australia, born in Peebles
• John Buchan (1875–1940), practised law in Peebles, and his house (opposite the old Sheriff Court) bears a commemorative plaque
• Robert Chambers (1802–1871), publisher and author of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
• John Mathison (1901–1982), New Zealand MP born in Peebles
• Mungo Park (1771–1806), practised medicine, and his house on the north of the Cuddy bears a commemorative plaque
• Callum James Greens (b. 1982), music producer born in Edinburgh and raised in Peebles

Facilities[link]

Peebles overview from Cademuir Hill. The Hydro Hotel can be seen on the right.

Peebles has three primary schools, the state Kingsland and Priorsford Schools and the Roman Catholic Halyrude Primary School. Peebles also has the largest secondary school in the Scottish Borders, Peebles High School, which is attended by pupils from all over Tweeddale.

A hillside to the north of the town is dominated by the Peebles Hydro Hotel. The town is surrounded by hill country on all sides and is therefore an attractive centre for the hillwalker and cyclist. From a car park 2km south of the town, a network of tracks and paths ascend the slopes of Cademuir Hill. The highest point (416m) is easily accessible, despite being within a forestry plantation and off the paths.

In 2005, a study by the New Economics Foundation ranked Peebles as the best town in Scotland (second best in the UK, after Hebden Bridge in Yorkshire), for range of independent shops and 'home town identity'.^[5]

Twin town[link]

• Hendaye, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Chambers, William (1843). A History of Peeblesshire (8th ed.). Edinburgh & London: William and Robert Chambers. http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC04700618&id=elgJAAAAIAAJ&dq=history+of+peeblesshire. Retrieved 6 December 2009.  Full text at Google Books.
• Joe Brown and Iain Lawson, History of Peebles: 1850-1990 (Mainstream) 1990.

External links[link]

• Official website
• Peebles Community Radio
• History of Peebles: 1850-1990

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Virenia Gwendolyn "Nia" Peeples (born December 10, 1961) is an American R&B and dance music singer and actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Nicole Chapman on Fame. She is also known for her role as Karen Taylor Winters on The Young and the Restless and as Sydney Cooke on Walker, Texas Ranger.

Personal life[link]

Peeples was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of Elizabeth Joan (née Rubic), a flamenco dancer, and Robert Eugene Peeples.^[1][2] She was raised in West Covina. Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from the Philippines, and were of Filipino, Spanish, French, and German descent.^[3] Her father, who was originally from Mississippi, was of Scottish, Irish, English, Native American, and Italian ancestry.^[2][4][5]

She attended UCLA on a music scholarship, during which time she performed as Liberace's opening act in Las Vegas on weekends.

Career[link]

Peeples started her career as part of the performance group The Young Americans.

Music[link]

In 1988 she hit #1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart with "Trouble," which climbed to #35 on the Hot 100. Her most successful pop single is "Street Of Dreams," which hit #12 on the Hot 100 in 1991.

She made a music video in 1986 of "All You Can Dream", directed by Alan Bloom and conceptualised by Keith Williams, for the purposes of promoting the values of UCLA. She appeared in Prince's video for Raspberry Beret.

Acting[link]

Notably, Peeples portrayed performing arts student Nicole Chapman on the hit TV series Fame. In 1987 she was in the movie North Shore as Kiani. She hosted the short-lived American version of Top of the Pops as well as a weeknight dance music program called The Party Machine with Nia Peeples, and portrayed Texas Ranger Sydney Cooke in the CBS hit series Walker, Texas Ranger from 1999-2001.

Nia Peeples joined the cast of The Young and the Restless in 2007, playing the role of Karen Taylor, and was released from the role in the spring of 2009. Her last air date was in May 2009.

Peeples has been cast in the 2010 ABC Family TV series Pretty Little Liars, based on the book series by Sara Shepard.^[6]

Discography[link]

• Girlfriend (1987)
• Nothin' But Trouble (1988)
• Nia Peeples (1991)
• Songs of the Cinema (2007)

Filmography[link]

See also[link]

• List of number-one dance hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Template:Nia's Elements Of Life
• Nia Peeples at the Internet Movie Database

Phillip James Edwin Peebles (born April 25, 1935) is a Canadian-American physicist and theoretical cosmologist who is currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University.^[1][2] Peebles was born in Winnipeg and completed his bachelor's degree at the University of Manitoba. He completed his doctorate at Princeton University.

Academic career[link]

Peebles has made many important contributions to the big bang model. With Robert Dicke and others (nearly two decades after George Gamov, Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman), he predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation. Along with making major contributions to big bang nucleosynthesis, dark matter and dark energy, he has contributed to the theory of structure formation. Long before it was considered a serious, quantitative branch of physics, Peebles was studying physical cosmology and has done much to establish its respectability.

Peebles, in 1987, proposed the primordial isocurvature baryon model for the development of the early universe.^[3]

Honors[link]

Awards

• Eddington Medal (1981)
• Heineman Prize (1982)
• Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1993)
• Bruce Medal (1995)
• Oskar Klein Medal(1997)
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1998)
• Gruber Prize in Cosmology
• Harvey Prize (2001)
• Shaw Prize (2004)
• Crafoord Prize with James E. Gunn and Martin Rees (2005)
• Hitchcock Professorship (2006)

Named after him

• Asteroid 18242 Peebles

References[link]

• B. Rhatra and P. J. E. Peebles, "The cosmological constant and dark energy", Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 559 (2003) arXiv:astro-ph/0207347.
• M. Fukugita, C. J. Hogan and P. J. E. Peebles, "The cosmic baryon budget", Astrophys. J. '503, 518 (1998) arXiv:astro-ph/9712020.
• P. J. E. Peebles, Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993).
• B. Rhatra and P. J. E. Peebles, "Cosmology with a time-variable cosmological 'constant'", Astrophys. J. 325, L17 (1988).
• B. Rhatra and P. J. E. Peebles, "Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field", Phys. Rev. D 37, 3406 (1988).
• M. Davis and P. J. E. Peebles, "A survey of galaxy redshifts. V – The two-point position and velocity correlations", Astrophys. J. 267, 465 (1983).
• P. J. E. Peebles, "Large-scale background temperature and mass fluctuations due to scale-invariant primeval perturbations", Astrophys. J. 263, L1 (1982).
• P. J. E. Peebles, The large-scale structure of the universe (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980).
• E. J. Groth and P. J. E. Peebles, "Statistical Analysis Of Catalogs Of Extragalactic Objects. 7. Two And Three Point Correlation Functions For The High-Resolution Shane-Wirtanen Catalog Of Galaxies", Astrophys. J. 217, 385 (1977).
• J. P. Ostriker and P. J. E. Peebles, "A Numerical Study of the Stability of Flattened Galaxies: or, can Cold Galaxies Survive?", Astrophys. J. 186, 467 (1973).
• P. J. E. Peebles, Physical Cosmology, (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1971).
• P. J. E. Peebles and J. T. Yu, "Primeval adiabatic perturbation in an expanding universe", Astrophys. J. 162, 815 (1970).
• P. J. E. Peebles, "Origin of the Angular Momentum of Galaxies", Astrophys. J. 155, 393 (1969).
• P. J. E. Peebles and R. H. Dicke, "Origin of the Globular Star Clusters", Astrophys. J. 154, 891 (1968).
• P. J. E. Peebles, "Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. II", Astrophys. J. 146, 542 (1966).
• P. J. E. Peebles, “Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. I", Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 410 (1966).
• R. H. Dicke, P. J. E. Peebles, P. G. Roll and D. T. Wilkinson, "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation", Astrophys. J. 142, 414 (1965).

External links[link]

• Bruce Medalists
• Personal Web page at Princeton University (Photos)
• Oral History interview transcript with Jim Peebles April 4 and 5, 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

Footnotes[link]

1. ^ http://www.princeton.edu/physics/about-us/history/memorable-members/john-wheeler/ Princeton University Physics Department
2. ^ http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/A94/84/71G20/index.xml Princeton University News
3. ^ Hu (1994-06-28)

Bibliography[link]

• Hu, Wayne (1994-06-28). "The Nature versus Nurture of Anisotropies". arXiv:astro-ph/9406071 [astro-ph].