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Egypt
Egypt
i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: 
جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died in the year 13 December 1048 in Ghazni), known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English, was a Persian-ChorasmianMuslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.
Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He was conversant in Chorasmian, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and Turkic, and also knew Greek, Hebrew and Syriac. He spent a large part of his life in Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan, capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty which ruled eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent. In 1017 he traveled to the Indian subcontinent and became the most important interpreter of Indian science to the Islamic world. He is given the titles the "founder of Indology" and the "first anthropologist". He was an impartial writer on custom and creeds of various nations, and was given the title al-Ustdadh ("The Master") for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India. He also made contributions to Earth sciences, and is regarded as the "father of geodesy" for his important contributions to that field, along with his significant contributions to geography.
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Al-Kindi
Abu Yusuf Yaʻqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Sabbah al-Kindī (Arabic: ابو يوسف يعقوب بن اسحاق الصبّاح الكندي, Latin: Alkindus) (c. 801–873 CE), known as "the Philosopher of the Arabs", was a Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician. Al-Kindi was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and is unanimously hailed as the "father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy" for his synthesis, adaptation and promotion of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy in the Muslim world.
Al-Kindi was a descendant of the Kinda tribe. He was born and educated in Kufa, before going to pursue further studies in Baghdad. Al-Kindi became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of Abbasid Caliphs appointed him to oversee the translation of Greek scientific and philosophical texts into the Arabic language. This contact with "the philosophy of the ancients" (as Greek philosophy was often referred to by Muslim scholars) had a profound effect on his intellectual development, and lead him to write hundreds of original treatises of his own on a range of subjects ranging from metaphysics, ethics, logic and psychology, to medicine, pharmacology,mathematics, astronomy, astrology and optics, and further afield to more practical topics like perfumes, swords, jewels, glass, dyes, zoology, tides, mirrors, meteorology and earthquakes.
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Al-Razi
Muhammad ibn Zakariyā Rāzī (Persian: محمد زکریای رازی Mohammad-e Zakariā-ye Rāzi), known as Rhazes or Rasis after medieval Latinists, (August 26, 865 – 925) was a Persianpolymath,a prominent figure in Islamic Golden Age,physician, alchemist and chemist, philosopher, and scholar.
Numerous “firsts” in medical research, clinical care, and chemistry are attributed to him, including being the first to differentiate smallpox from measles, and the discovery of numerous compounds and chemicals including kerosene, among others.Edward Granville Browne considers him as "probably the greatest and most original of all the physicians, and one of the most prolific as an author".
Razi made fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, music, and philosophy, recorded in over 200 books and articles in various fields of science. He was well-versed in Persian, Greek and Indian medical knowledge and made numerous advances in medicine through own observations and discoveries.
Educated in music, mathematics, philosophy, and metaphysics, he chose medicine as his professional field. As a physician, he was an early proponent of experimental medicine and has been described as the father of pediatrics. He was also a pioneer of ophthalmology. He was among the first to use Humoralism to distinguish one contagious disease from another. In particular, Razi was the first physician to distinguish smallpox and measles through his clinical characterization of the two diseases. He became chief physician of Rey and Baghdad hospitals.
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Alhazen
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham (Arabic: أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم, Latinized: Alhacen or (deprecated)Alhazen) (965 in Basra – c. 1040 in Cairo) was a Muslimscientist and polymath described in various sources as either Arab or Persian. Alhazen made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to physics, astronomy, mathematics, ophthalmology, philosophy, visual perception, and to the scientific method. He also wrote insightful commentaries on works by Aristotle, Ptolemy, and the Greek mathematician Euclid.
He is frequently referred to as Ibn al-Haytham, and sometimes as al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace in the city of Basra. He was also nicknamed Ptolemaeus Secundus ("Ptolemy the Second") or simply "The Physicist" in medieval Europe.
Born circa 965, in Basra, present-day Iraq, he lived mainly in Cairo, Egypt, dying there at age 74. Over-confident about practical application of his mathematical knowledge, he assumed that he could regulate the floods of the Nile. After being ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid caliphate, to carry out this operation, he quickly perceived the impossibility of what he was attempting to do, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he feigned madness and was placed under house arrest, during and after which he devoted himself to his scientific work until his death.
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution); 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794; French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan lɔʁɑ̃ də lavwazje]), the "father of modern chemistry", was one of the French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He named both oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and helped construct the metric system, put together the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. He discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.
He was an administrator of the "Ferme Générale" and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic councils. All of these political and economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. At the height of the French Revolution he was accused by Jean-Paul Marat of selling watered-down tobacco, and of other crimes and was eventually guillotined a year after Marat's death. Benjamin Franklin was familiar with Antoine as they were both members of the "Benjamin Franklin inquiries" into Mesmer and animal magnetism.
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Christopher Glaser
Christopher Glaser (1615 Basel – between 1670 and 1678), a pharmaceutical chemist of the 17th century.
He was a native of Basel, became demonstrator of chemistry, as successor of Lefebvre, at the Jardin du Roi in Paris, and apothecary to Louis XIV and to the duke of Orléans. He is best known through his Traité de la chymie (Paris, 1663), which went through some ten editions in about twenty-five years, and was translated into both German and English.
It has been alleged that he was an accomplice in the notorious poisonings carried out by Madame de Brinvilliers, but the extent of his complicity in providing Godin de Sainte-Croix poison in the Affair of the Poisons is doubtful. He appears to have died before 1676. The sal polychrestum Glaseri is normal potassium sulfate which Glaser prepared and used medicinally. The mineral K3Na(SO4) 2 (Glaserite) is named after him.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Glaser, Christopher". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Democritus
Democritus (Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmokritos, "chosen of the people") (ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Abdera, Thrace, Greece. He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher and pupil of Leucippus, who formulated an atomic theory for the cosmos.
His exact contributions are difficult to disentangle from his mentor Leucippus, as they are often mentioned together in texts. Their speculation on atoms, taken from Leucippus, bears a passing and partial resemblance to the nineteenth-century understanding of atomic structure that has led some to regard Democritus as more of a scientist than other Greek philosophers; however their ideas rested on very different bases. Largely ignored in ancient Athens, Democritus was nevertheless well known to his fellow northern-born philosopher Aristotle. Plato is said to have disliked him so much that he wished all his books burned. Many consider Democritus to be the "father of modern science".
Democritus was born in the city of Abdera in Thrace, an Ionian colony of Teos, although some called him a Milesian. He was born in the 80th Olympiad (460–457 BC) according to Apollodorus of Athens, and although Thrasyllus placed his birth in 470 BC, the later date is probably more likely.John Burnet has argued that the date of 460 is "too early", since according to Diogenes Laërtius ix.41, Democritus said that he was a "young man (neos)" during Anaxagoras' old age (circa 440–428). It was said that Democritus' father was so wealthy that he received Xerxes on his march through Abdera. Democritus spent the inheritance which his father left him on travels into distant countries, to satisfy his thirst for knowledge. He traveled to Asia, and was even said to have reached India and Ethiopia.
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Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (also romanized Mendeleyev or Mendeleef; Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев listen (help·info); 8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 – 2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1907) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is credited as being the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered.
Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleev (née Kornilieva). His grandfather was Pavel Maximovich Sokolov, a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church from the Tver region. Ivan, along with his brothers and sisters, obtained new family names while attending the theological seminary.
Mendeleev is thought to be the youngest of either 11, 13, 14 or 17 siblings; the exact number differs among sources. His father was a teacher of fine arts, politics and philosophy. Unfortunately for the family's financial well being, his father became blind and lost his teaching position. His mother was forced to work and she restarted her family's abandoned glass factory. At the age of 13, after the passing of his father and the destruction of his mother's factory by fire, Mendeleev attended the Gymnasium in Tobolsk.
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Epicurus
Epicurus (Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκουρος, Epikouros, "ally, comrade"; 341 BCE – 270 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works. Much of what is known about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear—and aponia—the absence of pain—and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends. He taught that pleasure and pain are the measures of what is good and evil, that death is the end of the body and the soul and should therefore not be feared, that the gods do not reward or punish humans, that the universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms moving in empty space.
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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban(s),KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today.
Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618, and the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died by contracting pneumonia while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.
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Friedrich Wöhler
Friedrich Wöhler (31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements.
He was born in Eschersheim, which belonged to Hanau at the time but is nowadays a district of Frankfurt am Main. In 1823 Wöhler finished his study of medicine in Heidelberg at the laboratory of Leopold Gmelin, who arranged for him to work under Jöns Jakob Berzelius in Stockholm. He taught chemistry from 1826 to 1831 at the Polytechnic School in Berlin until 1839 when he was stationed at the Polytechnic School at Kassel. Afterwards, he became Ordinary Professor of Chemistry in the University of Göttingen, where he remained until his death in 1882. In 1834, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Wöhler is regarded as a pioneer in organic chemistry as a result of his (accidentally) synthesizing urea in the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. This discovery has become celebrated as a refutation of vitalism, the hypothesis that living things are alive because of some special "vital force". However, contemporary accounts do not support that notion. This Wöhler Myth, as historian of science Peter J. Ramberg called it, originated from a popular history of chemistry published in 1931, which, "ignoring all pretense of historical accuracy, turned Wöhler into a crusader who made attempt after attempt to synthesize a natural product that would refute vitalism and lift the veil of ignorance, until 'one afternoon the miracle happened'". Nevertheless, it was the beginning of the end of one popular vitalist hypothesis, that of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that "organic" compounds could only be made by living things.
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Georg Ernst Stahl
Georg Ernst Stahl (October 22, 1659 – May 24, 1734) was a German chemist and physician.
He was born at Ansbach. Having graduated in medicine at the University of Jena in 1683, he became court physician to Duke Johann Ernst of Sachsen Weimar in 1687. From 1694 to 1716 he held the chair of medicine at Halle, and was then appointed physician to King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia in Berlin. He died in Berlin.
In chemistry he is chiefly remembered in part with the obsolete phlogiston theory, the essentials of which, however, he owed to J.J. Becher. He also propounded a view of fermentation which in some respects resembles that supported by Justus von Liebig a century and half later. In medicine he professed an animistic system, in opposition to the materialism of Hermann Boerhaave and Friedrich Hoffmann.
He hypothesized that all matter had a vital force, or a soul of sorts. He burned wood, and crediting the lower mass of the ashes compared to the original wood to the leaving of the vital force, because the wood had been killed in the process of burning. This theory was replaced by that of Antoine Lavoisier.
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Gilbert N. Lewis
Gilbert Newton Lewis FRS (October 23, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond (see his Lewis dot structures and his 1916 paper "The Atom and the Molecule"), his purification of heavy water, his reformulation of chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists, his theory of Lewis acids and bases, and his photochemical experiments. In 1926, Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy. He was a brother in Alpha Chi Sigma, the professional chemistry fraternity, and for most of his long professorial career, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.
Lewis was born and raised in Weymouth, Massachusetts, where there exists a street named for him, G.N. Lewis Way, off of Summer Street. Additionally, the wing of the new Weymouth High School Chemistry department has been named in his honor. After earning his Ph.D. at Harvard under the direction of Theodore Richards, Lewis stayed as an instructor for a year before taking a traveling fellowship, studying under the physical chemists Wilhelm Ostwald at Leipzig and physicist Walther Nernst at Göttingen. While working in Nernst's lab, Nernst and Lewis apparently developed a lifelong enmity. A friend of Nernst's, Wilhelm Palmær, was a member of the Nobel Chemistry Committee. There is evidence that he used the Nobel nominating and reporting procedures to block a Nobel Prize for Lewis in thermodynamics by nominating Lewis for the prize three times, and then using his position as a committee member to write negative reports.
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Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet FRS MRIA FGS (17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor. He is probably best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as contributions to the discoveries of the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity "one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry." This paper was central to any chemical affinity theory in the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1815 he invented the Davy lamp, which allowed miners to work safely in the presence of flammable gases.
Davy was born in Penzance in Cornwall, United Kingdom, on 17 December 1778. The parish register of Madron (the parish church) records ‘Humphry Davy, son of Robert Davy, baptized at Penzance, January 22nd, 1779.’ Robert Davy was a wood carver at Penzance, who pursued his art rather for amusement than profit. As the representative of an old family (monuments to his ancestors in Ludgvan Church date as far back as 1635), he became possessor of a modest patrimony. His wife, Grace Millet, came from an old but no longer wealthy family. Her parents died within a few hours of each other from malignant fever, whereupon Grace and her two sisters were adopted by John Tonkin, an eminent surgeon in Penzance. Robert Davy and his wife became the parents of five children — two boys, Humphry, the eldest, and John, and three girls.
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John Dalton
John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness (sometimes referred to as Daltonism, in his honour).
John Dalton was born into a Quaker family at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, Cumberland, England. The son of a weaver, he joined his older brother Jonathan at age 15 in running a Quaker school in nearby Kendal. Around 1790 Dalton seems to have considered taking up law or medicine, but his projects were not met with encouragement from his relatives – Dissenters were barred from attending or teaching at English universities – and he remained at Kendal until, in the spring of 1793, he moved to Manchester. Mainly through John Gough, a blind philosopher and polymath to whose informal instruction he owed much of his scientific knowledge, Dalton was appointed teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy at the "New College" in Manchester, a dissenting academy. He remained in that position until 1800, when the college's worsening financial situation led him to resign his post and begin a new career in Manchester as a private tutor for mathematics and natural philosophy.
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Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley, FRS (13 March 1733 (O.S.) – 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English theologian, Dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and political theorist who published over 150 works. He is usually credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have a claim to the discovery.
During his lifetime, Priestley's considerable scientific reputation rested on his invention of soda water, his writings on electricity, and his discovery of several "airs" (gases), the most famous being what Priestley dubbed "dephlogisticated air" (oxygen). However, Priestley's determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community.
Priestley's science was integral to his theology, and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism. In his metaphysical texts, Priestley attempted to combine theism, materialism, and determinism, a project that has been called "audacious and original". He believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian Millennium. Priestley, who strongly believed in the free and open exchange of ideas, advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters, which also led him to help found Unitarianism in England. The controversial nature of Priestley's publications combined with his outspoken support of the French Revolution aroused public and governmental suspicion; he was eventually forced to flee, in 1791, first to London, and then to the United States, after a mob burned down his home and church. He spent the last ten years of his life living in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.
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Josiah Willard Gibbs
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made important theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous deductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term which he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics in terms of the statistical properties of large ensembles of particles. As a mathematician, he invented modern vector calculus (independently of Oliver Heaviside).
In 1863, Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American doctorate in engineering. After a three-year sojourn in Europe, Gibbs spent the rest of his career at Yale, where he was professor of mathematical physics. Working in relative isolation, he became the earliest theoretical scientist in the United States to earn an international reputation and was praised by Albert Einstein as "the greatest mind in American history." In 1901 Gibbs received what was then considered the highest honor awarded by the international scientific community, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London, "for his contributions to mathematical physics."
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Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Jöns Jacob Berzelius [jœns ˌjɑːkɔb bæɹˈseːliɵs] (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. He worked out the modern technique of chemical formula notation, and is together with John Dalton, Antoine Lavoisier, and Robert Boyle considered a father of modern chemistry. He began his career as a physician but his researches in physical chemistry were of lasting significance in the development of the subject. He achieved much in later life as secretary of the Swedish Academy. He is known in Sweden as the Father of Swedish Chemistry.
Berzelius was born at Väversunda in Östergötland in Sweden. He lost both his parents at an early age. He was taken care of by relatives in Linköping where he attended the school today known as Katedralskolan. He then enrolled at Uppsala University where he learned the profession of medical doctor from 1796 to 1801. He was taught chemistry by Anders Gustaf Ekeberg, the discoverer of tantalum. He worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy and with a physician in the Medevi mineral springs. During this time he conducted analysis of the spring water. For his medical studies he examined the influence of galvanic current on several diseases and graduated as M.D. in 1802. He worked as physician near Stockholm until the mine owner Wilhelm Hisinger discovered his analytical abilities and provided him with a laboratory.[citation needed] Between 1808 and 1836, Berzelius worked together with Anna Sundström, who acted as his assistant
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Jābir ibn Hayyān
Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (al-Azdi / al-Kufi / al-Tusi / al-Sufi), often known simply as Geber, (Persian: جابر بن حیان)(Arabic: جابر بن حیان) (born c. 721 in Tus, Persia; died c. 815 in Kufa, Iraq) was a prominent polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician. Born and educated in Tus, he later traveled to Kufa. Jābir is held to have been the first practical alchemist.
As early as the tenth century, the identity and exact corpus of works of Jābir was in dispute in Islamic circles. His name was Latinized as "Geber" in the Christian West and in 13th century Europe an anonymous writer, usually referred to as Pseudo-Geber, produced alchemical and metallurgical writings under the pen-name Geber.
In 987 Ibn al-Nadim compiled the Kitab al-Fihrist which mentions Jabir as a spiritual leader and as a companion to Jafar as-Sadiq (he is not listed among the students of Jafar as-Sadiq but many of the writings of the Jabirian corpus are dedicated to Jafar as-Sadiq). In another reference al-Nadim reports that a group of philosophers claimed Jabir was one of their own members. Another group, reported by al-Nadim, says only The Large Book of Mercy is genuine and that the rest are pseudographical. Their assertions are rejected by al-Nadim. Joining al-Nadim in asserting a real Jabir; Ibn-Wahshiyya ("Jaber ibn Hayyn al-Sufi ...book on poison is a great work..") Rejecting a real Jabir; (the philosopher c.970) Abu Sulayman al-Mantiqi claims the real author is one al-Hasan ibn al-Nakad al-Mawili. 14th century critic of Arabic literature, Jamal al-Din ibn Nubata al-Misri declares all the writings attributed to Jabir doubtful.
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Linus Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century. Pauling was among the first scientists to work in the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.
Pauling is one of only four individuals to have won more than one Nobel Prize. He is one of only two people awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields (the Chemistry and Peace prizes), the other being Marie Curie (the Chemistry and Physics prizes), and the only person awarded two unshared prizes.
Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon, as the first-born child of Herman Henry William Pauling (1876–1910) and Lucy Isabelle "Belle" Darling (1881–1926). He was named "Linus Carl," in honor of Lucy's father, Linus, and Herman's father, Carl. Herman and Lucy – then 23 and 18 years old, respectively – had met at a dinner party in Condon. Six months later, the two were married.
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Lucretius
Titus Lucretius Carus (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the epic philosophical poem De rerum natura about the beliefs of Epicureanism, and which is translated into English as On the Nature of Things or "On the Nature of the Universe".
Virtually nothing is known about the life of Lucretius. Jerome tells how he was driven mad by a love potion and wrote his poetry between fits of insanity, eventually committing suicide in middle age; but modern scholarship suggests this account was likely an invention. The De rerum natura was a considerable influence on the Augustan poets, particularly Virgil (in his Aeneid and Georgics, and to a lesser extent in his Eclogues) and Horace. It virtually disappeared during the Middle Ages, but was rediscovered in a monastery in Germany in 1417, by Poggio Bracciolini, and played an important role both in the development of atomism (Lucretius was an important influence on Pierre Gassendi) and the efforts of various figures of the Enlightenment era to construct a new Christian humanism.
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Morris Kline
Morris Kline (May 1, 1908 – June 10, 1992) was a Professor of Mathematics, a writer on the history, philosophy, and teaching of mathematics, and also a popularizer of mathematical subjects.
Kline grew up in Brooklyn and in Jamaica, Queens. After graduating from Boys High School in Brooklyn, he studied mathematics at New York University, earning a bachelor's degree in 1930, a master's degree in 1932, and a doctorate in 1936. He continued at NYU as an instructor until 1942.
During World War II, Kline was posted to the Signal Corps (United States Army) stationed at Belmar, New Jersey. Designated a physicist, he worked in the engineering lab where RADAR was developed. After the war he continued investigating electromagnetism, and from 1946 to 1966 was director of the division for electromagnetic research at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
Kline resumed his mathematical teaching at NYU, becoming a full professor in 1952. He taught at New York University until 1975, and wrote many papers and more than a dozen books on various aspects of mathematics and particularly mathematics teaching. He repeatedly stressed the need to teach the applications and usefulness of mathematics rather than expecting students to enjoy it for its own sake. Similarly, he urged that mathematical research concentrate on solving problems posed in other fields rather than building structures of interest only to other mathematicians. One can get a sense of Kline's views on teaching from the following:
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Paracelsus
Paracelsus (born Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, 11 November or 17 December 1493 – 24 September 1541) was a German-Swiss Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. He is also credited for giving zinc its name, calling it zincum, and is regarded as the first systematic botanist.
"Paracelsus", meaning "equal to or greater than Celsus", refers to the Roman encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus from the 1st century, known for his tract on medicine.
Paracelsus was born and raised in the village of Einsiedeln in Switzerland. His father, Wilhelm Bombast von Hohenheim, was a Swabian (German) chemist and physician; his mother was Swiss, she presumably died in his childhood. In 1502 the family moved to Villach, Carinthia where Paracelsus' father worked as a physician. He received a profound humanistic and theological education by his father, local clerics and the convent school of St. Paul's Abbey in the Lavanttal. At the age of 16 he started studying medicine at the University of Basel, later moving to Vienna. He gained his doctorate degree from the University of Ferrara in 1515 or 1516.
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Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
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Primo Levi
Primo Michele Levi (pronounced [ˈpriːmo ˈlɛːvi]; July 31, 1919 – April 11, 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of two novels and several collections of short stories, essays, and poems. His best-known works include If This Is a Man (1947), his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland; and The Periodic Table (1975) which the Royal Institution of Great Britain named the best science book ever written.
Levi was born in Turin at Corso Re Umberto 75 into a liberal Jewish family. His father Cesare worked for the manufacturing firm Ganz and spent much of his time working abroad in Hungary, where Ganz was based. Cesare was an avid reader and autodidact. Levi’s mother Ester, known to everyone as Rina, was well educated, having attended the Istituto Maria Letizia. She too was an avid reader, played the piano and spoke fluent French. The marriage between Rina and Cesare was arranged by Rina’s father. On their wedding day, Rina’s father, Cesare Luzzati, gave Rina the apartment at Corso Re Umberto where Primo Levi was to live for almost his entire life.
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René Descartes
René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. In particular, his Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two-dimensional coordinate system — was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry, crucial to the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution and has been described as an example of genius.
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Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle, FRS, (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as Irish, English and Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from England during the time of the Plantations.
Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.
Boyle was born in Lismore Castle, in County Waterford, Ireland, the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and Catherine Fenton. Richard Boyle arrived in Dublin from England in 1588 during the Tudor plantations of Ireland and obtained an appointment as a deputy escheator. He had amassed enormous landholdings by the time Robert was born. Catherine Fenton was the daughter of English writer Geoffrey Fenton, who was born in Dublin in 1539, and Alice Weston, the daughter of Robert Weston, who was born in Lismore in 1541.
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Saracen
Saracen is an historical term for a certain group of people but the meaning changed during its history. In the early centuries AD in Greek and Latin it referred to a people who lived in desert areas in and near the Roman province of Arabia, and who were specifically distinguished from Arabs. In Europe during the Early Middle Ages, the term began to be used to describe Arab tribes. By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in Medieval Latin literature. This expansion of the meaning had begun centuries earlier among the Byzantine Greeks, as evidenced in Byzantine Greek documents from the era of the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate.
Ptolemy's Geography from the second century CE describes Sarakene as a region in the northern Sinai peninsula. Ptolemy also mentions a people called the Sarakenoi living in north-western Arabia (near neighbor to the Sinai).Eusebius of Caesarea references Saracens in his Ecclesiastical history, in which he narrates an account wherein Dionysus, Bishop of Alexandria mentions Saracens in a letter while describing the Roman emperor Decius' persecution: "Many were, in the Arabian mountain, enslaved by the barbarous sarkenoi." The Historia Augusta also refers to an attack by Saraceni on Pescennius Niger's army in Egypt in 193 CE but provides little information on who they might have been.
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Stuart Warren
Stuart Warren is a British organic chemist and author of chemistry textbooks aimed at university students.
Dr Warren was educated at Cheadle Hulme School near Manchester and read the Natural Sciences Tripos at Trinity College, Cambridge. He stayed at Cambridge to complete a PhD with Malcolm Clark, before moving to Harvard to do post-doctoral research with F. H. Westheimer. Dr Warren returned to Trinity as a research fellow and subsequently took up a post as a teaching fellow at Churchill College in 1971. He remained a lecturer and researcher in the Department of Chemistry at Cambridge until his retirement in 2006.
Stuart Warren's research group is renowned for having produced some of the most successful organic chemistry academics in the UK, including
Stuart Warren is well known for his university-level textbooks Chemistry of the Carbonyl Group (1974),Designing Organic Syntheses: The Synthon Approach (1978),Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach (first edition 1982, second edition 2008), and its graduate-level sequel, Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control (2007). He is perhaps best known as one of the authors of the best-selling undergraduate text Organic Chemistry (first edition 2000, second edition 2012), which he wrote with his former students Jonathan Clayden and Nick Greeves, and fellow Cambridge lecturer Peter Wothers.
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Will Durant
William James Durant (November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was a prolific American writer, historian, and philosopher. He is best known for The Story of Civilization, 11 volumes written in collaboration with his wife Ariel Durant and published between 1935 and 1975. He was earlier noted for The Story of Philosophy, written in 1926, which one observer described as "a groundbreaking work that helped to popularize philosophy."
He conceived of philosophy as total perspective, or, seeing things "sub specie totius," a phrase inspired by Spinoza's "sub specie aeternitatis." He sought to unify and humanize the great body of historical knowledge, which had grown too voluminous and become fragmented into esoteric specialties, and to vitalize it for contemporary application. Durant was a gifted prose stylist and storyteller who won a large readership in great part because of the nature and excellence of his writing, which, in contrast to formal academic language, is lively, witty, charismatic, colourful, ornate, epigrammatic, in short, "humanized." Max Schuster, co-founder of the publisher Simon & Schuster (which also published Durant's works), and himself an admirer of Durant's writings for their beauty, remarked that Durant's prose "begs to be read aloud."John Little, who founded and heads the Will Durant foundation and has devoted much effort towards popularizing Durant's works in the 21st century, echoes Schuster's admiration for Durant's works in words which Durant himself sometimes used to describe a few of the finest works of Classical Antiquity: "prose so beautiful it rivals poetry."
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Chemistry
Cast
- Jonathan Chase
- Ana Alexander
- Jeremy Kent Jackson
- Chad Everett
- Sally Kellerman
- Asante Jones
- Ragan Brooks
- Augie Duke
- Angel McCord
- Eric Pierpoint
- Kristen Howe
- Bryan McGowan
- Jessica Clark
- Marlene Manes
- Jonathan Fraser
- Morgan Fairchild
- Season 1
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Episode 1: Upside Down
Passions ignite and the sexual sparks fly in this sultry series from Cinemax, which just proves that...
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Episode 2: A Kiss Is Not a Kiss
USA:26 August 2011...
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Episode 3: Smoke and Mirrors
USA:9 September 2011...
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Episode 4: Montecito
USA:16 September 2011...
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Episode 5: Flesh Wounds
USA:23 September 2011...
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Episode 6: Downtime
USA:30 September 2011...
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Episode 7: The Proposition
USA:6 October 2011...
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Episode 8: Night on Bald Mountain
USA:13 October 2011...
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Episode 9: Split
USA:20 October 2011...
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Episode 10: Lust in Translation
USA:2011...
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Episode 11: Intimacy
USA:4 November 2011...
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Episode 12: In or Out, Part 1
USA:11 November 2011...
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Episode 13: In or Out, Part 2
USA:18 November 2011...
- Season
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Episode : Upside Down, A Kiss is Not a Kiss, Smoke and Mirrors, Montecito
- Susperia
- Rush
- Melodyssey
- Kimya Dawson
- Semisonic
- Teairra Mari
- Hot Rod Circuit
- Kyle Riabko
- Jawbreaker
- Tammy Cochran
- One Night Only
- Matt Lonsdale
- Bayside
- Dj Encore
- Chico
karaoke
Life as it is, is not enough
There is much to be done
And behold, twist of fate
Increasing hate
Hey mother chemistry
What have you got for me
I need a shot, a kick, a dirty flick
I'm on fire
True desire
I need to get high
I need to get low
I need the system
To let me go
Can't someone just tell me the truth
can't you hold on to me
If I were to come home all dressed up
would you then take me in or laugh at my face
Please forgive all I said
don't erase my legacy
I know for a fact that you wouldn't let me in
cause I'm just the unwanted son
Can't someone just pick me up
can't you clean my memory
I know that you cried the last time that you saw me
but I couldn't help it or feel you
Hey mother chemistry
What have you got for me
I need a shot, a kick, a dirty flick
I'm on fire
True desire
I need to get high
I need to get low
I need the system
To let me go
Can't someone just tell me the truth
can't you hold on to me
If I were to come home all dressed up
would you then take me in or laugh at my face
Please forgive all I said
don't erase my legacy
I know for a fact that you wouldn't let me in
cause I'm just the unwanted son
Can't someone just pick me up
can't you clean my memory
I know that you cried the last time that you saw me
but I couldn't help it or feel you
Signal transmitted
Message received
Reaction making impact
Invisibly
Elemental telepathy
Exchange of energy
Reaction making contact
Mysteriously
Eye to I
Reaction burning hotter
Two to one
Reflection on the water
H to O
No flow without the other
Oh but how
Do they make contact
With one another?
Electricity? Biology?
Seems to me it's Chemistry
Emotion transmitted
Emotion received
Music in the abstract
Positively
Elemental empathy
A change of synergy
Music making contact
Naturally
One, two, three
Add without subtraction
Sound on sound
Multiplied reaction
H to O
No flow without the other
Oh, but how
Do we make contact
Can't seem to understand
The attraction makes you turn
Stuperfied by her glare
Just addicted to burns
Can I, can I
Feel your, can I
What I want you to say always begs me to stay
I can't seem to get it right
What I want you to say always begs me to stay
To night I won't
Don't you give me that
My time look at where we at
My time is wasted cause you are useless
Same nothing different to last time
Your second skin, over now
Just addicted to burns
my heart is on my sleeve my head is in the sand
i said how did we end up here? you said happenstance
but i didn't understand so i made other plans
i ran to the ocean washed the blood off of my hands
i washed away my tears washed away ten years
washed away the empty space in-between my ears
and you said all that i mean is that you and me
didn't meet because of fate but rather probability
and you said the truth's like corn and lies are like weeds
you said the schroedinger equation collapsed perfectly
and i said mercy me be patient please
'cause i don't know a goddam thing about the birds and the bees
i just know what i'm like and i'm like what i see
even though it's hard to see because you just blinded me
and if there's one thing i learned in chemistry
it's that the gain of electrons is reduction, obviously
but you can't see electrons without machines
and you can't tell from my inflection if i'm being mean
and i don't know if i can take you seriously
sometimes elections depend on the absentees
and my family and my friends
and all the little kids that love me make me strong
and no matter how this ends
i know i'll never ever ever be alone
some day i'll be an old lady
with a big dress and an apron
a babushka and bare feet
i'll be out in my garden
on my hands and knees
and i'll be singing a song
that is really sad and sweet
mommy and daddy your baby is grown
and the smell of the cold, wet dirt reminds me home
I remember when I found out about chemistry
It was a long, long way from here
I was old enough to want it but younger than I wanted to be
Suddenly my mission was clear
So for awhile I conducted experiments
And I was amazed by the things I learned
From a fine fine girl with nothing but good intentions and a
Bad tendency to get burned
All about chemistry
Won't you show me everything you know
Ah wonder what you do to me
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh
Some time later I met a young graduate
When I had nobody to call my own
I told her I was looking for somebody to appreciate
And I just couldn't do it alone
So for awhile we conducted experiments
In an apartment by the River Road
And we found out that the two things we put together had a
Bad tendency to explode
All about chemistry
Won't you show me everything you've learned
I'll memorize everything you do to me so I can
Teach it when it comes my turn
Fine spring day, California waves
Sweet Pacific scenes through the
Windows of airplanes and hotel rooms
So when I find myself alone and unworthy
I think about all of the things I learned from the
Fine fine women with nothing but good intentions and a
Bad tendency to get burned
All about chemistry
Won't you show me everything you know
Ah wonder what you do to me
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh
All about chemistry
Won't you show me everything you've learned
I'll memorize everything you do to me so I can
Teach it when it comes my turn
It's all about chemistry
It's all about chemistry
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh
It's all about chemistry
It's all about chemistry
Tonights the night
I'm feelin free yeah
My bodies callin can
You hear it no hesitating
Let's enjoy this (gonna make my way to you)
I can tell your curiouse by lookin in your eyes I won't mind (I won't mind no) if you come movin close come touch me don't be shy (don't be shy don't be shy) I'm what ya like
[x2:]
Ya know you can feel the sensual chemistry rising high
Said ya know miss energy
Feel the tension strait from my remedy got chemistry senusual chemistry
[Repeat]
Got chemistry
(Letsgo let's go let's go [x2])
I like it if you rub up on me
Garentee I'll fufill you
Fantasy just one night that I need (let me take you home with me) I can tell your curious by look in your eyes I won't mind if you movin close come touch me don't be shy I'm what ya like
[x2:]
Ya know you can feel the sensual chemistry rising high
Said ya know miss energy
Feel the tension strait from my remedy got chemistry senusual chemistry
[Bridge:]
Sensual chemisty got me on it got me on it sensual chemistry got me on it got me on it ohoh oooooooh (no miss energy) sensual chemistry
[x6:]
Ya know you can feel the sensual chemistry rising high
Said ya know miss energy
bleeding from the heart for some time now
should have left that spark alone chemistry's at fault on my own
now there's a reason that the speaker is blown
i can't stop yelling
at the top of my voice
at the top of my lungs
at the top of my voice
never thought you'd say the time has come
You're my woman
And I'm your man
There ain't nothing left to understand
You dial my number
But you don't know why
Love is playing with your virgin mind
Welcome to our chemistry baby
Finally you can feel like a lady
Darlin, it's too good to explain
Welcome to our chemistry baby
You wake up feeling
Like a million dollar bills
You try to concentrate, baby
But you can't sit still
You tell your mother
You tell all your friends
That you and your lover are making love till the end
You blow my mind
All the time
This must be the place.
I can tell by your glare.
I wouldn't touch you on a dare.
Seven months to June and even then, so what?
My mouth is open, my book is shut.
My air guitar is out of tune.
My stupid hair is so '82 to you.
At least I don't fit in.
Corner me in Chemistry.
It's all just simple math to me.
Call me your names.
Make them stick.
I'll laugh until I am sick.
Glad that that's all through.
Got better friends to do.
Just can't remember where I left them.
I'll see you all in class.
Not if I ditch first.
Expect the best, accept the worst.
Walk until your blush subsides.
Drink beneath the 405 in the ivy and think about that girl.
Two grades below.
She pierced her nose way before it was cool.
Some older guy with a motorbike picks her up after school.
This school's a living hell.
I work and don't get paid.
I smoke a lot but can't get laid.
Sit and stare, it's all we do.
All my friends are broken, too.
Sparks were flyin? the day we met
One look and the flame was lit
In this chemistry
Pure and simple chemistry
Right then and there I felt myself fallin?
I heard a voice inside me callin?
Undeniably
Truly, unmistakably
But I?m not fool enough
To call this feelin? love
This is just the wait and see
The findin? out what?s meant to be
Chemistry, a temporary insanity
Lets people like you and me
Take on chances and dream our dreams
And we don?t know
What lies down the road
But, boy, it feels good to me
Ooh, chemistry
You shake my world like an earthquake, baby
One kiss and I go crazy
And I feel it start
A chain reaction down to my heart
Only you can make me feel that way
Do what you do that takes my breath away
Just one more time
And make it last all night
We?ll take it one day at a time
And see what we find
It may soon be love
But for now it got us
Chemistry, a temporary insanity
Lets people like you and me
Take on chances and dream our dreams
And we don?t know
What lies down the road
But, boy, it feels good to me
Ooh, chemistry
Chemistry, a temporary insanity
That lets people like you and me
Take on chances and dream our dreams
And we don?t know
What lies down the road
But, boy, it feels good to me
Ooh, chemistry
Oh, boy, it feels good to me
Maybe It’s the chemistry,
The sparks that fly from you to me
I touch your skin, I feel alive
Been searching for you every night.
Where am I supposed to go?
I’m hoping that you won’t say no
We’ve got all the time in the world.
It must be the chemistry, tonight
I hope you that know
I won’t let you go this time
It must be the chemistry, between you and I
I hope that you know
I won’t let you go this time
Underneath the starry sky,
You can bring me back to life.
I touch your skin, I feel alive
Been searching for you every night.
Take me somewhere I don’t know,
Watch all the people down below,
I think I'm falling for this girl I know
She's so amazing, met her at my last show
And now I'm crazy for her and can't let go
Oh woah oh oh no
I hope she's feeling the same way that I do
And when she sees me, she gets butterflies too
Cos there's no way that I'm gonna make it through
If our love's not true
So someone tell me now
How do I know if she feels the same?
What do I do if she just won't say?
Baby I want you, is that okay?
How do I make her see, we got the chemistry?
I asked her round and we watched a movie
But couldn't tell her what she's done to me
I hope one day that she will finally see
Oh woah oh baby
Does she like star wars? I guess the answer's no
I wish I knew more 'cause now I'm here alone
She walked out the door and then she rang my phone
I think she's got me sewn
So someone tell me now
How do I know if she feels the same?
What do I do if she just won't say?
Baby I want you, is that okay?
How do I make her see, we got the chemistry?
Does she wake up at night like I do?
Thinking of me but scared to say too
In case I say girl I don't want you
How do I make her see we got the chemistry
And I can't shake this feeling now
I hope she's figured out
She's the one for me
We got that chemistry
How do I make her see?
How do I know if she feels the same?
What do I do if she just won't say?
Baby I want you, is that okay?
How do I make her see, we got the chemistry?
Does she wake up at night like I do?
Thinking of me but scared to say too
In case I say girl I don't want you
How do I make her see we got the chemistry
I think I'm falling for this girl I know
This must be the place.
I can tell by your glare.
I wouldn't touch you on a dare.
Seven months to June and even then, so what?
My mouth is open, my book is shut.
My air guitar is out of tune.
My stupid hair is so '82 to you.
At least I don't fit in.
Corner me in Chemistry.
It's all just simple math to me.
Call me your names.
Make them stick.
I'll laugh until I am sick.
Glad that that's all through.
Got better friends to do.
Just can't remember where I left them.
I'll see you all in class.
Not if I ditch first.
Expect the best, accept the worst.
Walk until your blush subsides.
Drink beneath the 405 in the ivy and think about that girl.
Two grades below.
She pierced her nose way before it was cool.
Some older guy with a motorbike picks her up after school.
This school's a living hell.
I work and don't get paid.
I smoke a lot but can't get laid.
Sit and stare, it's all we do.
All my friends are broken, too.
It’s all about chemistry
Nobody’s ever got
What you get from me
There isn’t a thing I’m not
Ready to be
You bring out the best in me
Nobody’s ever got
What you get from me
Let the music be a part of you
When we’re flying
When we’re flying
Let the music be a part of you
When we’re flying
Like we do
I feel it intensively
Something I can’t explain
The pulse inside of me
It hollers out your name
Right in this beat
Baby this is insane
It’s all inside of me
It’s something I can’t explain
Let the music be a part of you
When we’re flying
When we’re flying
Let the music be a part of you
When we’re flying
Like we do
When we’re flying
You I want, You I need
Girl you I want, you
Oh you I need, you I want
You I need, you
Oh just as you walked in
My eyes were on you watching
Just in case you felt the same feeling
To speak your mind like I'm revealing
Oh you looked at me and honestly
I felt you had a vibe for my company
And personally this must be destiny
You have an interest that brought out,
The best things in me
[Chorus]
Oh it's chemistry,
Between you and me
Feel the energy,
We were meant to be together forever you see
I've got the remedy,
Like coke with Hennessey,
Chemistry
I've got a crush on you
Ain't gonna rush on you
No fight no fuss on you
Just need that bus on you
Now I give you my time ...
Of all these thoughts in mind
I'm fine so lets in twine
[Chorus]
Oh just as you walked in
My eyes were on you watching
Just incase you felt the same feeling
To speak your mind like I'm revealing
Oh you looked at me and honestly
I felt you had a vibe for my company
And personally this must be destiny
You have an interest that brought out,
The best things in me
[Chorus]
Girl you I want, you I need
Oh you I want, you
Oh you I need, you I want
Oh you I need, you
Girl you I want
You I want
ALBUMS
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Go Alone
- Period
- Once Again
- あの日…feat.童子-T
- 夜明け～DAWN～
- Life goes on～side K～
- All My Love
- I'll steal your heart
- Our Story
- Trico…
- Life goes on～side D～
- あの頃…feat.CHEMISTRY
- Crossing
- Heaven Can Wait
- Overture
- 空の奇跡
- 君のキス
- This Night
- 砂の扉
- 約束の場所
- 輝く夜
- Hold On
- ai no wa
- Daydream
- 遠影 feat. John Legend
- Deep Inside of You
- 最期の川
- ココロとコトバ
- PIECES OF A DREAM
- Point of No Return
- You Go Your Way
- 君をさがしてた～New Jersey United～
- FLOATIN'
- It Takes Two
- SOLID DREAM
- MOVE ON
- My Gift to You (feat. S.O.S.)
- アシタヘカエル
- Us
- YOUR NAME NEVER GONE
- Now or Never (feat. m-flo)
- You Got Me
- Here I am (chemistry brothers mix by NIRGILIS)
- キミがいる (MATALLY New Era Mix)
- Two As One (DEPAPEPE Remix)
- nothing (Takagi Masakatsu Remix)
- Wings of Words (alas de palabras)
- 伝説の草原 (Patrick Stump Remix)
- 涙のあと (breakthough Remix)
- almost in love (Tomita Lab. Remix)
- Grind For Me (PUM PUM Mix CHEMISTRY feat. BOY-KEN)
- Long Long Way (韻シスト Mix)
- believin' (Tahiti 80 Remix)
- Dance With Me/f GAKU-MC (United Fellows MIx)
- for... (pf Ver. feat. 山下洋輔)
- Change the World (Dub Mix)
- Here I am
- キミがいる
- Two As One
- nothing
- Wings of Words
- 伝説の草原
- 涙のあと
- almost in love
- Grind For Me
- Long Long Way
- believin'
- Dance With Me (feat.GAKU-MC)
- for...
- Intro-lude
- Us
- YOUR NAME NEVER GONE
- my Rivets
- This age
- Bound for Identity～dear friend～
- ～Street Sounds of Naples, Italy～
- meaning of tears
- Ordinary hero
- Now or Never (feat. m-flo)
- So in Vain
- 赤い雲 白い星
- ～Interlude～
- アシタヘカエル
- いとしい人
- Prelude
- ココロノドア
- why
- 白の吐息 (Full Length)
- STEP TO FAR
- Monologue
- Forget-Me-Not
- グッドバイからはじめよう
- チャイム
- 月夜 (サントリーホール ライブバージョン)
- My Gift to You (サントリーホール ライブバージョン)
- Intro-lude～You're My Second to None～
- It Takes Two
- STILL ECHO
- My Gift to You
- Running Away
- BACK TOGETHER AGAIN～@Electric Lady Studio, NYC～
- No Color Line
- FLOATIN'
- SOLID DREAM
- Let's Get Together Now（Tokyo Calling）Interlude～@Yuigahama, KAMAKURA～
- RIPTIDE
- 月夜
- マイウェイ
- 君をさがしてた～New Jersey United～
- Intro-lude ～The Way We Are～
- 合鍵
- PIECES OF A DREAM
- 愛しすぎて
- BROTHERHOOD (by KAWABATA and DABO)
- Point of No Return
- C'EST LA VIE
- You Go Your Way (Album Version)
- Rewind
- 君をさがしてた～The Wedding Song～
- 星たちの距離 (by 堂珍嘉邦 & KEIKO LEE)
- Motherland
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:21
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_1
Introduction to Chemical Engineering | Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:09
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department gives an introductory lecture, outline, and background for the course. Introduction to Chemical Engineering (E20) is an introductory course offered by the Stanford University Engineering Department. It provides a basic overview of the chemical engineering field today and delves into the applications of chemical engineering. Stanford Chemical Engineering Department: cheme.stanford.edu Stanford University: www.stanford.edu Stanford University Channel on YouTube: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_|_Lecture_1
Chemical Curiosities: Surprising Science and Dramatic Demonstrations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:43
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Professor Chris Bishop, presenter of the 2008 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, leads us through a spectacular tour of the curious, and sometimes surprising, world of chemistry. Visit the Ri Channel for more information and footnotes: richannel.org
http://wn.com/Chemical_Curiosities_Surprising_Science_and_Dramatic_Demonstrations
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 06: Aromatic Compounds II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:17
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt. Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
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[SAT2 - Chemistry] Lecture 1: Introduction To Chemistry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
introduction to chemistry
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Online Chemistry Lecture - Relative Melting Point
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:01
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
Video taken from an Online Chemistry course provided by Ecampus at Oregon State University. The topic of this lecture is on relative melting points by Dr. Richard Nafshun. You can enroll in full length classes at ecampus.oregonstate.edu
http://wn.com/Online_Chemistry_Lecture_Relative_Melting_Point
Cell Potentials and Free Energy _ MIT Chemistry Lecture(23).0.12 V for reaction=106 V potential.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
MIT PROVES FREE ENERGY 0.12 V for reaction. Lecture 23. A MUST SEE MIT / Chemistry Cell Potentials and Free Energy By Christopher Cummins,SEE FULL Lecture 23 oN YOUTUBE AND academicearth.org/lectures/cell-potentials-and-free-energy
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Online Chemistry Lecture - Polymers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:33
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Video taken from an Online Chemistry course provided by Ecampus at Oregon State University. The topic of this lecture is on Polymers by Dr. Richard Nafshun. You can enroll in full length classes at ecampus.oregonstate.edu
http://wn.com/Online_Chemistry_Lecture_Polymers
[AP - Chemistry] Lecture 2: The Periodic Table
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chapter 2 focused on the periodic table and how to use it effectively. This table summarizes trends of varying physical and chemical properties from group to group and also from period to period. You should be able to describe these trends.
http://wn.com/_AP_Chemistry_Lecture_2_The_Periodic_Table
[AP - Chemistry] Lecture 1: Atomic Structure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
This Chapter has briefly reviewed the structure of the atom and the atomic theory. This includes some history about how the electron, proton, and neutron were discovered and characterized.
http://wn.com/_AP_Chemistry_Lecture_1_Atomic_Structure
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:04
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 106 Lecture 01
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:48
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chemistry 106 Spring 2008 Lecture 01 Professor Michael Kenney Schmitt Auditorium 1/14/2008 intermolecular forces (Page 391), physical properties of solutions (Page 425)
http://wn.com/Chemistry_106_Lecture_01
Thermodynamics Lecture- 1 , Chemistry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
This is the first part of the lecture for understanding Thermodynamics in physical chemistry for preparing for JEE, AIEEE, BITS and other engineering exams. The lectures are taught by IITians themselves to help the aspirants. Collegepedia.in is uploading these lectures to help students learn in a better way. Visit collegepedia.in . We are on facebook as well. For rest of the videos, Check out our channel COLLEGEPEDIAIN on youtube
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:55
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_2
Chemistry Lecture on Valence Bond Theory (CHM 1045)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:53
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Chemistry Lecture on Valence Bond Theory (CHM 1045) by Dr Eileen D. Johann
http://wn.com/Chemistry_Lecture_on_Valence_Bond_Theory_CHM_1045
Online Chemistry Lecture - Polymer Strands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Video taken from an Online Chemistry course provided by Ecampus at Oregon State University. The topic of this lecture is on Polymer Strands by Dr. Richard Nafshun. You can enroll in full length classes at ecampus.oregonstate.edu
http://wn.com/Online_Chemistry_Lecture_Polymer_Strands
Quantum Chemistry - Lecture 02 - Standard software and visualization tools
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:45
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
The second lecture of the Quantum Chemistry course at the Oxford Supercomputing Centre by Dr Ilya Kuprov. The course handouts are here: spindynamics.org
http://wn.com/Quantum_Chemistry_Lecture_02_Standard_software_and_visualization_tools
Inorganic chemistry lectures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:03
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
In this video a bittersweet moment for the School of Chemistry, as Professors Peter Hubberstey and David Garner deliver their final lunchtime lectures on inorganic chemistry - reflecting on their life in academia and the work which has gained them international respect.
http://wn.com/Inorganic_chemistry_lectures
UPSC online preparation (Virtual classroom) :Periodic table 1 (Chemistry lecture)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:36
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
For online entire set of detailed lectures for UPSC (CSAT, CDS, NDA, IIT-JEE, MPSC etc) visit "www.m2k-education.com". or Call 91-9221849650
http://wn.com/UPSC_online_preparation_Virtual_classroom_Periodic_table_1_Chemistry_lecture
Lecture - 17 Carbohydrates II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:25
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Lecture Series on BioChemistry I by Prof.S.Dasgupta, Dept of Chemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEl visit nptel.iitm.ac.in
http://wn.com/Lecture_17_Carbohydrates_II
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:35
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_3
Benzene (Aromatic) Chemistry: Lecture.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 81:03
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
www.franklychemistry.co.uk is my YouTube website. Thanks for visiting! We consider the structure of benzene, electrophilic substitution reactions Nitration, Halogenation, Alkylation and Acylation. We consider reduction of nitrobenzene to phenylamine at its subsequent change to benzene diazonium chloride etc. We consider phenol. We contrast aromatic reactions with similar aliphatic reactions Frank Scullion Presentation and Production: Frank Scullion
http://wn.com/Benzene_Aromatic_Chemistry_Lecture
Periodic Table Transition Elements, Chemistry Lecture O' Level
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:14
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Periodic_Table_Transition_Elements,_Chemistry_Lecture_O'_Level
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_3
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_4
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_5
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_6
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_1
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_9
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_10
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_11
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_12
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_13
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_14
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_16
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_19
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 20
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_20
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_21
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 22
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_22
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_23
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_24
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_1
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_2
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_3
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_4
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_6
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_7
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_9
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_10
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_11
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_12
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_16
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_17
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 20
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_20
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_21
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 22
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_22
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_23
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_24
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_1
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:20
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 20
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 22
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
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Chemistry 1A - Lecture 23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_23
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
General Chemistry
http://wn.com/Chemistry_1A_Lecture_24
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Chemistry 3B - Lecture 03: Electronic Spectroscopy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_03_Electronic_Spectroscopy
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 04: Electronic Spectroscopy II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_04_Electronic_Spectroscopy_II
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 05: Aromatic Compounds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_05_Aromatic_Compounds
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 06: Aromatic Compounds II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_06_Aromatic_Compounds_II
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 07: Electrophilic Aromatic...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 75:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_07_Electrophilic_Aromatic
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 08: Electrophilic Aromatic...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_08_Electrophilic_Aromatic
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 09: Aldehydes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_09_Aldehydes
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 10: Aldehydes II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 79:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_10_Aldehydes_II
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 11: Ketones
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_11_Ketones
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_19_Carboxylic_Acid
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 14: Enones
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 77:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_14_Enones
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 23: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_23_Diketones_and_Hydroxyketones
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_19_Carboxylic_Acid_Derivatives
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 16: Carboxylic Acids
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 75:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_16_Carboxylic_Acids
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 20: Amines
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_20_Amines
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 21: Chemistry of Arenes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 75:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_21_Chemistry_of_Arenes
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 22: Chemistry of Arenes (Part 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_22_Chemistry_of_Arenes_Part_2
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 24: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 75:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_24_Diketones_and_Hydroxyketones
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 25: Carbohydrates (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 79:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_25_Carbohydrates_Part_1
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 25: Carbohydrates (Part 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_25_Carbohydrates_Part_2
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 26: Heterocycles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
http://wn.com/Chemistry_3B_Lecture_26_Heterocycles
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Chemistry Music Video 24: For Those About To Dissolve We Solute You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This song explains "like dissolves like", solubility, saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions, how to use a solubility curve graph and how the freezing and boiling point of a solution is dependent on concentration. All music and lyrics copyright 2009 by Mark Rosengarten. All rights reserved.
Lyrics:
A salt dissolved in water in a beaker today
The ions broke apart in the usual way
The molecules of water kept the ions apart
A salt solution formed, but thats only the start!
Homogenous! The same throughout! Homogenous! The same throughout!
Solvents that are polar can dissolve solutes
That are polar or ionic, that is really cute
Water and nonpolar solutes just wont mix
But a nonpolar solvent like benzene can fix!
Like dissolves like! Polar and polar!
Like dissolves like! Nonpolar and nonpolar!
When all the solvent molecules used up
And are stuck to the solute ions in your cup
Solutions saturated, it is full for sure
Solubilitys been reached for that temperature
Saturation! On the line! Saturation! On the line!
If theres still some water molecules unstuck
Then more solute can dissolve, HEY! Youre in luck!
Solution is unsaturated, cant you see
You havent yet reached the solubility
Unsaturated! Put more in! Unsaturated! Put more in!
If you put more solute in than can be dissolved
Then a supersaturation situations evolved!
The excess falls out as a precipitate
Or the solute is unstable, sodium acetate!
Supersaturation! Precipitate! Supersaturation! Precipitate!
A salt dissolved in water in a beaker today
The ions broke apart in the usual way
They made it harder for the water to boil or freeze
So the phase change temperatures changed a few degrees!
Colligative properties! Depend on concentration! Colligative properties! Depend on concentration!
Electrolytes have a greater effect on the melting and boiling point of the solution than nonelectrolytes.
More solute thats dissolved, got more effect
The solutions boiling point increases direct
The freezing point decreases, which is really nice
In the winter salt on roads can prevent the ice!
Add a solute! Boiling point goes up!
Add a solute! Freezing point goes down!
That is wicked coolSOLUTIONS RULE!
http://wn.com/Chemistry_Music_Video_24_For_Those_About_To_Dissolve_We_Solute_You
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Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen) Upload By Team Group Thanks For Plays This Music Video.
http://wn.com/Butterfingers_The_Chemistry_Live_MTV_WideScreen
CHEMISTRY Premium Studio Live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:48
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
1. TWO 2. 愛しすぎて (Aishi Sugite) 3. キスからはじめよう (Kiss Kara Hajimeyou) 4. Once Again 5. Go Alone
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_Premium_Studio_Live
CHEMISTRY - Point of No Return (J-WAVE LIVE 2000+11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_Point_of_No_Return_J-WAVE_LIVE_2000+11
Chemistry Live - Your Name Never Gone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Beautiful ballad by Japanese duo-Chemistry.
http://wn.com/Chemistry_Live_Your_Name_Never_Gone
CHEMISTRY It Takes Two (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_It_Takes_Two_Live
![[06] Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter 2011)](http://web.archive.org./web/20121122061816im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Nk6niWJHzV4/default.jpg "[06] Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter 2011)")
[06] Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:35
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter Festival, Belgium - 06-30-2011). Playlist: www.youtube.com Josh Homme Troy Van Leeuwen Dean Fertita Michael Shuman Joey Castillo
http://wn.com/_06_Queens_of_the_Stone_Age_Better_Living_Through_Chemistry_Live_@_Werchter_2011
![[Astrosexy] m-flo lovers CHEMISTRY](http://web.archive.org./web/20121122061816im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/5kiss5rcwlM/default.jpg "[Astrosexy] m-flo lovers CHEMISTRY")
[Astrosexy] m-flo lovers CHEMISTRY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
m-flo LIVE 2004「ASTRO MANTIC」より
http://wn.com/_Astrosexy_m-flo_lovers_CHEMISTRY
![CHEMISTRY - Independence cut [J-WAVE LIVE 2011] HD 1080p](http://web.archive.org./web/20121122061816im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/6PD8RUxKvus/default.jpg "CHEMISTRY - Independence cut [J-WAVE LIVE 2011] HD 1080p")
CHEMISTRY - Independence cut [J-WAVE LIVE 2011] HD 1080p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
I do not own this video, it was uploaded by wingedlovewave
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_Independence_cut_J-WAVE_LIVE_2011_HD_1080p
CHEMISTRY-Ballad Medley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:29
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
I DO NOT OWN THIS VIDEO. An extract from CHEMISTRY'S 2008 Tour "Face to FACE" 1. My Gift to You 2. You Go Your Way 3. 最後の夜4. 愛しすぎて5. 君をさがしてた
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY-Ballad_Medley
THE CHEMISTRY LIVE IN BANDUNG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 09 Oct 2010
Llive performance from The Chemistry, a group consist of 5 Indonesian great musician. The Chemistry together with GUINNESS held a music competition called BOLD CHEMISTRY battle of the bands.Bandung is part of the city where the competition held. Get to know more at www.boldchemistry.com
http://wn.com/THE_CHEMISTRY_LIVE_IN_BANDUNG
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (live Rock Werchter 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:12
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Queens of the stone age performing live @ Rock Werchter 2011 (30/06/2011) Josh Homme Troy Van Leeuwen Joey Castillo Michael Shuman Dean Fertita
http://wn.com/Queens_of_the_Stone_Age_Better_Living_Through_Chemistry_live_Rock_Werchter_2011
UNKLE - Chemistry (Live)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Music video by UNKLE performing Chemistry by UNKLE.
http://wn.com/UNKLE_Chemistry_Live
Betty White - Life With Elizabeth - The Chemistry Set
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
In this episode from 1954 Alvin is trying to make hand lotion with a children's chemistry set... This is of course bound to go wrong... ________________ From Wikipedia: Life With Elizabeth was a sitcom which aired from 1953 to 1955. The show starred Betty White and Del Moore and announcer Jack Narz. The most unusual feature of Life with Elizabeth is that it was divided into three 8 to 10 minute comic shorts — referred to as "incidents". Sometimes an entire incident might just consist of the two main characters talking to each other. Also unusual was the minimal theme music, which was played by a solo harpist who was partially visible on the opening title screen. Elizabeth and Alvin are a married couple who live an ordinary suburban life, but inevitably managed to get into predicaments. At the end of most predicaments, Alvin, in variable degrees of frustration, would say, "I shall leave you now, Elizabeth" and would walk out of sight. The announcer would say, "Elizabeth, aren't you ashamed?" She would slowly nod, but then, with a slightly devilish grin, would vigorously shake her head to indicate she wasn't.
http://wn.com/Betty_White_Life_With_Elizabeth_The_Chemistry_Set
CHEMISTRY nothing（live ver ）
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_nothing（live_ver_）
QOTSA - Live (BDO 03) - (07) Better living through Chemistry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Queens of the Stone Age playing *Better living through Chemistry* live at the Big Day Out 2003 in Australia www.youtube.com Setlist: (01) Feel good Hit of the Summer (02) Go with the Flow (03) Gonna leave you (04) Song for the Deaf (05) Hangin' Tree (06) Song for the Dead (07) Better living through Chemistry (08) Tension Head (09) No one Knows --- My Band NME: www.myspace.com/nmeoppenheim
http://wn.com/QOTSA_Live_BDO_03_07_Better_living_through_Chemistry
Queens Of The Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:12
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
The best video of this song that I have seen.
http://wn.com/Queens_Of_The_Stone_Age_Better_Living_Through_Chemistry
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD
http://wn.com/Interpol_Rest_My_Chemistry_live_Amsterdam_2010_HD
Girls Aloud - Watch Me Go Live At Wembley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
From the Chemistry Tour Dvd
http://wn.com/Girls_Aloud_Watch_Me_Go_Live_At_Wembley
interpol Rest My Chemistry live Hovefestivalen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
interpol tocando rest my chemistry en vivo muy bueno!!
http://wn.com/interpol_Rest_My_Chemistry_live_Hovefestivalen
CHEMISTRY-SOLID DREAM live on 1.9_ cut by aranpan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY-SOLID_DREAM_live_on_19_cut_by_aranpan
CHEMISTRY - Naturally Ours live short
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_Naturally_Ours_live_short
CHEMISTRY BACK TOGETHER AGAIN（live ver ）
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/CHEMISTRY_BACK_TOGETHER_AGAIN（live_ver_）
Chemistry "Piriodo" ("Period") live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Chemistry_Piriodo_Period_live
50:23
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry...
published: 21 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry
- published: 21 Jan 2012
- views: 6432
- author: UCBerkeley
49:10
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry...
published: 23 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry
- published: 23 Jan 2012
- views: 1195
- author: UCBerkeley
50:26
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry...
published: 25 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry
- published: 25 Jan 2012
- views: 911
- author: UCBerkeley
49:42
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
General Chemistry...
published: 27 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
General Chemistry
- published: 27 Jan 2012
- views: 2194
- author: UCBerkeley
49:55
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry...
published: 30 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry
- published: 30 Jan 2012
- views: 779
- author: UCBerkeley
50:26
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry...
published: 18 Jan 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry
- published: 18 Jan 2012
- views: 3619
- author: UCBerkeley
49:40
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry...
published: 03 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry
- published: 03 Feb 2012
- views: 940
- author: UCBerkeley
48:01
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry...
published: 06 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry
- published: 06 Feb 2012
- views: 562
- author: UCBerkeley
49:53
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry...
published: 08 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry
- published: 08 Feb 2012
- views: 467
- author: UCBerkeley
50:14
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry...
published: 10 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 776
- author: UCBerkeley
49:18
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
General Chemistry...
published: 13 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
General Chemistry
- published: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 509
- author: UCBerkeley
49:36
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry...
published: 15 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry
- published: 15 Feb 2012
- views: 652
- author: UCBerkeley
50:08
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry...
published: 18 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 827
- author: UCBerkeley
48:41
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry...
published: 22 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 515
- author: UCBerkeley
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
Youtube results:
50:24
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry...
published: 24 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 707
- author: UCBerkeley
50:02
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 371
- author: UCBerkeley
50:23
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry...
published: 29 Feb 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 401
- author: UCBerkeley
50:07
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Mar 2012
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Mar 2012
- views: 458
- author: UCBerkeley
49:33
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry...
published: 26 Aug 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry
- published: 26 Aug 2011
- views: 11201
- author: UCBerkeley
49:30
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry
- published: 29 Aug 2011
- views: 4043
- author: UCBerkeley
50:35
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry...
published: 31 Aug 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry
- published: 31 Aug 2011
- views: 5242
- author: UCBerkeley
51:04
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Sep 2011
- views: 4164
- author: UCBerkeley
52:00
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 2078
- author: UCBerkeley
50:52
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
General Chemistry...
published: 12 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
General Chemistry
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 1109
- author: UCBerkeley
51:36
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry...
published: 14 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry
- published: 14 Sep 2011
- views: 1234
- author: UCBerkeley
49:08
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry...
published: 16 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry
- published: 16 Sep 2011
- views: 1102
- author: UCBerkeley
48:51
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry...
published: 19 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry
- published: 19 Sep 2011
- views: 1042
- author: UCBerkeley
50:10
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry...
published: 21 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry
- published: 21 Sep 2011
- views: 889
- author: UCBerkeley
48:28
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
General Chemistry...
published: 23 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 12
General Chemistry
- published: 23 Sep 2011
- views: 1104
- author: UCBerkeley
49:56
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry...
published: 26 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry
- published: 26 Sep 2011
- views: 976
- author: UCBerkeley
51:29
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 824
- author: UCBerkeley
49:43
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry...
published: 30 Sep 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry
- published: 30 Sep 2011
- views: 1103
- author: UCBerkeley
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
Youtube results:
49:07
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry...
published: 03 Oct 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry
- published: 03 Oct 2011
- views: 741
- author: UCBerkeley
50:52
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry...
published: 05 Oct 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry
- published: 05 Oct 2011
- views: 899
- author: UCBerkeley
48:11
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry...
published: 07 Oct 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry
- published: 07 Oct 2011
- views: 803
- author: UCBerkeley
51:28
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry...
published: 10 Oct 2011
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry
- published: 10 Oct 2011
- views: 654
- author: UCBerkeley
49:21
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 1
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 145195
- author: UCBerkeley
49:55
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 2
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 39834
- author: UCBerkeley
48:56
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 3
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 19000
- author: UCBerkeley
49:12
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 4
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 12934
- author: UCBerkeley
48:59
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
General Chemistry...
published: 02 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 5
General Chemistry
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 12250
- author: UCBerkeley
50:59
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry...
published: 01 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 6
General Chemistry
- published: 01 Feb 2010
- views: 7915
- author: UCBerkeley
49:33
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
General Chemistry...
published: 03 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 7
General Chemistry
- published: 03 Feb 2010
- views: 6322
- author: UCBerkeley
50:34
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry...
published: 05 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 8
General Chemistry
- published: 05 Feb 2010
- views: 6876
- author: UCBerkeley
49:57
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry...
published: 08 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 9
General Chemistry
- published: 08 Feb 2010
- views: 6182
- author: UCBerkeley
50:18
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry...
published: 11 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 10
General Chemistry
- published: 11 Feb 2010
- views: 4714
- author: UCBerkeley
48:32
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry...
published: 12 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 11
General Chemistry
- published: 12 Feb 2010
- views: 4493
- author: UCBerkeley
50:25
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry...
published: 17 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 13
General Chemistry
- published: 17 Feb 2010
- views: 4723
- author: UCBerkeley
49:19
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry...
published: 19 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 14
General Chemistry
- published: 19 Feb 2010
- views: 4400
- author: UCBerkeley
50:45
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry...
published: 23 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 15
General Chemistry
- published: 23 Feb 2010
- views: 4159
- author: UCBerkeley
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
Youtube results:
49:46
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry...
published: 24 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 16
General Chemistry
- published: 24 Feb 2010
- views: 3237
- author: UCBerkeley
49:59
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry...
published: 26 Feb 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 17
General Chemistry
- published: 26 Feb 2010
- views: 4021
- author: UCBerkeley
50:20
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry...
published: 01 Mar 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 18
General Chemistry
- published: 01 Mar 2010
- views: 3042
- author: UCBerkeley
51:07
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry...
published: 03 Mar 2010
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 1A - Lecture 19
General Chemistry
- published: 03 Mar 2010
- views: 3053
- author: UCBerkeley
74:54
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 03: Electronic Spectroscopy
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 03: Electronic Spectroscopy
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 116287
- author: UCBerkeley
74:28
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 04: Electronic Spectroscopy II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 04: Electronic Spectroscopy II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 19167
- author: UCBerkeley
76:36
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 05: Aromatic Compounds
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 05: Aromatic Compounds
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 31558
- author: UCBerkeley
76:17
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 06: Aromatic Compounds II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 06: Aromatic Compounds II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 71914
- author: UCBerkeley
75:43
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 07: Electrophilic Aromatic...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 07: Electrophilic Aromatic...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 13284
- author: UCBerkeley
73:08
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 08: Electrophilic Aromatic...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 08: Electrophilic Aromatic...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 8062
- author: UCBerkeley
73:30
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 09: Aldehydes
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 09: Aldehydes
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 16110
- author: UCBerkeley
79:47
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 10: Aldehydes II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 10: Aldehydes II
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 7366
- author: UCBerkeley
76:04
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 11: Ketones
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 11: Ketones
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 37261
- author: UCBerkeley
76:06
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 11103
- author: UCBerkeley
77:35
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 14: Enones
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 14: Enones
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 4886
- author: UCBerkeley
76:55
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 23: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 23: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 3756
- author: UCBerkeley
76:32
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 19: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 7777
- author: UCBerkeley
75:10
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 16: Carboxylic Acids
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt....
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 16: Carboxylic Acids
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced.
Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as nitrogen,...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 8814
- author: UCBerkeley
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
Youtube results:
76:56
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 20: Amines
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 20: Amines
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 11509
- author: UCBerkeley
75:11
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 21: Chemistry of Arenes
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 21: Chemistry of Arenes
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 7203
- author: UCBerkeley
63:11
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 22: Chemistry of Arenes (Part 2)
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 22: Chemistry of Arenes (Part 2)
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 4481
- author: UCBerkeley
75:07
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 24: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
...
published: 21 Aug 2007
author: UCBerkeley
Chemistry 3B - Lecture 24: Diketones and Hydroxyketones...
Chemistry 3B: Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Spring 2006. Professor Peter Vollhardt.
Chemistry 3B represents the second semester of ... all » the standard organic chemistry series at UC Berkeley. It covers conjugation, aromatic chemistry, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acid chemistry. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry will be introduced. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. It is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, such as...
- published: 21 Aug 2007
- views: 3295
- author: UCBerkeley
2:21
Chemistry Music Video 24: For Those About To Dissolve We Solute You
This song explains "like dissolves like", solubility, saturated, unsaturated and supersatu...
published: 30 Aug 2009
author: MarkRosengarten
Chemistry Music Video 24: For Those About To Dissolve We Solute You
This song explains "like dissolves like", solubility, saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions, how to use a solubility curve graph and how the freezing and boiling point of a solution is dependent on concentration. All music and lyrics copyright 2009 by Mark Rosengarten. All rights reserved.
Lyrics:
A salt dissolved in water in a beaker today
The ions broke apart in the usual way
The molecules of water kept the ions apart
A salt solution formed, but thats only the start!
Homogenous! The same throughout! Homogenous! The same throughout!
Solvents that are polar can dissolve solutes
That are polar or ionic, that is really cute
Water and nonpolar solutes just wont mix
But a nonpolar solvent like benzene can fix!
Like dissolves like! Polar and polar!
Like dissolves like! Nonpolar and nonpolar!
When all the solvent molecules used up
And are stuck to the solute ions in your cup
Solutions saturated, it is full for sure
Solubilitys been reached for that temperature
Saturation! On the line! Saturation! On the line!
If theres still some water molecules unstuck
Then more solute can dissolve, HEY! Youre in luck!
Solution is unsaturated, cant you see
You havent yet reached the solubility
Unsaturated! Put more in! Unsaturated! Put more in!
If you put more solute in than can be dissolved
Then a supersaturation situations evolved!
The excess falls out as a precipitate
Or the solute is unstable, sodium acetate!
Supersaturation! Precipitate! Supersaturation! Precipitate!
A salt dissolved in water in a beaker today
The ions broke apart in the usual way
They made it harder for the water to boil or freeze
So the phase change temperatures changed a few degrees!
Colligative properties! Depend on concentration! Colligative properties! Depend on concentration!
Electrolytes have a greater effect on the melting and boiling point of the solution than nonelectrolytes.
More solute thats dissolved, got more effect
The solutions boiling point increases direct
The freezing point decreases, which is really nice
In the winter salt on roads can prevent the ice!
Add a solute! Boiling point goes up!
Add a solute! Freezing point goes down!
That is wicked coolSOLUTIONS RULE!
- published: 30 Aug 2009
- views: 57907
- author: MarkRosengarten
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
4:59
Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen)
Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen) Upload By Team Group Thanks For Plays ...
published: 17 Apr 2010
author: TreAldMatVideo
Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen)
Butterfingers - The Chemistry (Live MTV/WideScreen) Upload By Team Group Thanks For Plays This Music Video.
- published: 17 Apr 2010
- views: 7571
- author: TreAldMatVideo
26:48
CHEMISTRY Premium Studio Live
1. TWO 2. 愛しすぎて (Aishi Sugite) 3. キスからはじめよう (Kiss Kara Hajimeyou) 4. Once Again 5. Go Alon...
published: 28 Jun 2012
author: wingedlovewave
CHEMISTRY Premium Studio Live
1. TWO 2. 愛しすぎて (Aishi Sugite) 3. キスからはじめよう (Kiss Kara Hajimeyou) 4. Once Again 5. Go Alone
- published: 28 Jun 2012
- views: 89970
- author: wingedlovewave
6:08
CHEMISTRY - Point of No Return (J-WAVE LIVE 2000+11)
...
published: 02 Jan 2012
author: wingedlovewave
CHEMISTRY - Point of No Return (J-WAVE LIVE 2000+11)
- published: 02 Jan 2012
- views: 132331
- author: wingedlovewave
1:09
CHEMISTRY It Takes Two (Live)
...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: Mrmysellff
CHEMISTRY It Takes Two (Live)
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 3054
- author: Mrmysellff
8:35
[06] Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter 2011)
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter Festival, Belgi...
published: 20 Aug 2011
author: QOTSAarchive
[06] Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter 2011)
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (Live @ Werchter Festival, Belgium - 06-30-2011). Playlist: www.youtube.com Josh Homme Troy Van Leeuwen Dean Fertita Michael Shuman Joey Castillo
- published: 20 Aug 2011
- views: 49218
- author: QOTSAarchive
7:22
[Astrosexy] m-flo lovers CHEMISTRY
m-flo LIVE 2004「ASTRO MANTIC」より...
published: 21 Jul 2012
author: SOMAGIC1120
[Astrosexy] m-flo lovers CHEMISTRY
m-flo LIVE 2004「ASTRO MANTIC」より
- published: 21 Jul 2012
- views: 19797
- author: SOMAGIC1120
5:06
CHEMISTRY - Independence cut [J-WAVE LIVE 2011] HD 1080p
I do not own this video, it was uploaded by wingedlovewave...
published: 21 Aug 2012
author: Pratyawu
CHEMISTRY - Independence cut [J-WAVE LIVE 2011] HD 1080p
I do not own this video, it was uploaded by wingedlovewave
- published: 21 Aug 2012
- views: 3401
- author: Pratyawu
15:29
CHEMISTRY-Ballad Medley
I DO NOT OWN THIS VIDEO. An extract from CHEMISTRY'S 2008 Tour "Face to FACE" 1. My Gift t...
published: 05 Mar 2012
author: mayonnaise230
CHEMISTRY-Ballad Medley
I DO NOT OWN THIS VIDEO. An extract from CHEMISTRY'S 2008 Tour "Face to FACE" 1. My Gift to You 2. You Go Your Way 3. 最後の夜4. 愛しすぎて5. 君をさがしてた
- published: 05 Mar 2012
- views: 61554
- author: mayonnaise230
3:52
THE CHEMISTRY LIVE IN BANDUNG
Llive performance from The Chemistry, a group consist of 5 Indonesian great musician. The ...
published: 12 Nov 2009
author: TheMusicman5150
THE CHEMISTRY LIVE IN BANDUNG
Llive performance from The Chemistry, a group consist of 5 Indonesian great musician. The Chemistry together with GUINNESS held a music competition called BOLD CHEMISTRY battle of the bands.Bandung is part of the city where the competition held. Get to know more at www.boldchemistry.com
- published: 12 Nov 2009
- views: 2246
- author: TheMusicman5150
8:12
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (live Rock Werchter 2011)
Queens of the stone age performing live @ Rock Werchter 2011 (30/06/2011) Josh Homme Troy ...
published: 02 Jul 2011
author: F0rtyNuggets
Queens of the Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry (live Rock Werchter 2011)
Queens of the stone age performing live @ Rock Werchter 2011 (30/06/2011) Josh Homme Troy Van Leeuwen Joey Castillo Michael Shuman Dean Fertita
- published: 02 Jul 2011
- views: 17464
- author: F0rtyNuggets
8:37
Betty White - Life With Elizabeth - The Chemistry Set
In this episode from 1954 Alvin is trying to make hand lotion with a children's chemistry ...
published: 18 Mar 2009
author: WMLandPassword
Betty White - Life With Elizabeth - The Chemistry Set
In this episode from 1954 Alvin is trying to make hand lotion with a children's chemistry set... This is of course bound to go wrong... ________________ From Wikipedia: Life With Elizabeth was a sitcom which aired from 1953 to 1955. The show starred Betty White and Del Moore and announcer Jack Narz. The most unusual feature of Life with Elizabeth is that it was divided into three 8 to 10 minute comic shorts — referred to as "incidents". Sometimes an entire incident might just consist of the two main characters talking to each other. Also unusual was the minimal theme music, which was played by a solo harpist who was partially visible on the opening title screen. Elizabeth and Alvin are a married couple who live an ordinary suburban life, but inevitably managed to get into predicaments. At the end of most predicaments, Alvin, in variable degrees of frustration, would say, "I shall leave you now, Elizabeth" and would walk out of sight. The announcer would say, "Elizabeth, aren't you ashamed?" She would slowly nod, but then, with a slightly devilish grin, would vigorously shake her head to indicate she wasn't.
- published: 18 Mar 2009
- views: 42404
- author: WMLandPassword
4:31
CHEMISTRY nothing（live ver ）
...
published: 29 Sep 2009
author: wingedlove01
CHEMISTRY nothing（live ver ）
- published: 29 Sep 2009
- views: 85891
- author: wingedlove01
Vimeo results:
7:27
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However,...
published: 27 Oct 2008
author: Daniele Napolitano
Notte Sento (English subtitles)
A girl misses her train to Milan and is set to wait overnight in Rome until dawn. However, a chance encounter with a guy changes her plans and the night lights of the capital turn into the background to a tender love story. An extraordinary chemistry made of knowing glances and small gestures fills the few instants that separate them both from the sunrise.
Short film made with 4500+ still photographs. Shot with a Canon EOS 30D camera.
Funded by the Seagate Creative Fund in 2008.
Italian language with English subtitles.
Official site: www.ilovecut.com/works/102
Become a fan here: http://facebook.com/nottesento
and here: http://facebook.com/ilovecut
You can find the song at the end here: http://tinyurl.com/metem-boreale
Versione italiana qui: http://vimeo.com/2196186
3:53
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver...
published: 19 Nov 2010
author: Oliver Peoples
Devendra Banhart at the Rainbow House - Director's Cut
Starring real life couple Devendra Banhart and Rebecca Schwartz, the premise of the Oliver Peoples 2011 campaign is an exploration of authentic intimacy and sexuality. The love affair is explored in the one-of-a-kind masterpiece by architect John Lautner: Rainbow House. The contemporary California setting proved to be a perfect atmosphere to showcase the natural chemistry of the young, intriguing couple. Produced with acclaimed photographer and aspiring director Lisa Eisner, the short film will debut in early 2011 on the Oliver Peoples website.
3:01
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are ...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Raphaël Pluvinage
NOISY JELLY
Note : This project is a fully working prototype made with Arduino and Max/Msp, there are absolut no sound editing in the video...
More picture at this flickr set (http://www.flickr.com/photos/raphaelplu/sets/72157629621382055/)
And download the Project pdf here (http://pluvinage.eu/NOISYJELLY_presskit.pdf)
Noisy jelly is a game where the player has to cook and shape his own musical material, based on coloured jelly.
With this noisy chemistry lab, the gamer will create his own jelly with water and a few grams of agar agar powder. After added different color, the mix is then pour in the molds. 10 min later, the jelly shape can then be placed on the game board,and by touching the shape, the gamer will activate different sounds.
Technically, the game board is a capacitive sensor, and the variations of the shape and their salt concentration, the distance and the strength of the finger contact are detected and transform into an audio signal.
This object aims to demonstrate that electronic can have a new aesthetic, and be envisaged as a malleable material, which has to be manipulated and experimented.
Author: Raphaël pluvinage (http://pluvinage.eu and twitter (https://twitter.com/#!/rpluvina)
& Marianne Cauvard (http://mariannecauvard.fr)
at L'Ensci Les ateliers (http://ensci.com)
Project done in the semester course of François Azambourg and Clémentine Chambon
Thanks to Roland Cahen for his help (especially sorting out with Max/Msp)
Photo credit: Véronique HUYGHE
Music credit : "Whip it" of Devo
2:19
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the depa...
published: 01 May 2009
author: Christopher Hendryx
Oxygen
This is Oxygen, produced at the Ringling College of Art + Design as my thesis for the department of Computer Animation.
Learn a little bit of basic chemistry while watching Oxygen try to make friends in Element-ary school.
Youtube results:
6:33
QOTSA - Live (BDO 03) - (07) Better living through Chemistry
Queens of the Stone Age playing *Better living through Chemistry* live at the Big Day Out ...
published: 17 Jan 2008
author: salutetokareem
QOTSA - Live (BDO 03) - (07) Better living through Chemistry
Queens of the Stone Age playing *Better living through Chemistry* live at the Big Day Out 2003 in Australia www.youtube.com Setlist: (01) Feel good Hit of the Summer (02) Go with the Flow (03) Gonna leave you (04) Song for the Deaf (05) Hangin' Tree (06) Song for the Dead (07) Better living through Chemistry (08) Tension Head (09) No one Knows --- My Band NME: www.myspace.com/nmeoppenheim
- published: 17 Jan 2008
- views: 46423
- author: salutetokareem
8:12
Queens Of The Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry
The best video of this song that I have seen....
published: 06 Jun 2007
author: Nitro20101
Queens Of The Stone Age - Better Living Through Chemistry
The best video of this song that I have seen.
- published: 06 Jun 2007
- views: 227898
- author: Nitro20101
4:53
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD...
published: 12 Jul 2011
author: 3kindsofyesband
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD
Interpol - Rest My Chemistry live Amsterdam 2010 HD
- published: 12 Jul 2011
- views: 25275
- author: 3kindsofyesband
Photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse...
Photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who...
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that...
Photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Nov 2012
Yangon, November 19: Newly re-elected US President Barack Obama arrived here Monday to kick off his visit to Myanmar, becoming the first sitting US president to visit the Southeast Asian nation. As...
Photo: UN / Logan Abassi
21 Nov 2012
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change. The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14%...
Crunch
more deals There are no deals at this time. Check back soon! Software Updates more updates Microsoft updates Office 2011 and 2008 with a host of Outlook and other fixesiPhoto, Aperture, and Safari all get updatesSoftware updates: HP Printer Software 2.12, Java 2012-006OS X 10.8.2 Supplemental Update...(size: 4.1Kb)
Dr. Brutus Buckeye's 'Beat Michigan' Chemistry Lab Offers Ohio State A Lesson Ahead Of Big ...
21 Nov 2012
Huffington Post
The Ohio State University and the University of Michigan have a college football rivalry going back four decades, one that was once described by ESPN as the greatest rivalry in sports. They schools are set to face off again on Saturday, and in the spirit of the rivalry, Ohio State's mascot did a...(size: 8.8Kb)
Universe Today
Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter Image caption: Curiosity scoops repeatedly into this Martian soil at windblown ripple dubbed ‘Rocknest’, shown in this mosaic, and delivered samples to the SAM chemistry instrument on the robots deck to search for any...(size: 6.6Kb)
The Oklahoman
By Mike Baldwin | email Riding some momentum, the Oklahoma City Barons begin a seven-game, three-week road trip Wednesday night against the Texas Stars in Round Rock....(size: 7.4Kb)
Scoop
Tuesday, 20 November 2012, 8:56 am Press Release: University of Canterbury UC Student In Top 20 Of 20,000 Chemistry Students In International Competition November 20, 2012 A University of Canterbury student has made it to the top 20 out of 20,000 entries worldwide in an international science...(size: 2.2Kb)
PhysOrg
This superfamily was recognized in 1987 with the discoveries of the genes that encode two of its members, the GABAA and glycine receptors, and of the similarity of these proteins to the first characterized family of this group, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. F. Anne Stephenson of the University...(size: 2.2Kb)
Adorable Doggie Duo Teaches Chemistry
13 Nov 2012
Yahoo Daily News
Quick! Name your favorite high school science teacher. Mine was Mrs. Culp. She taught 10th-grade chemistry, and she was fantastic. She was able to really connect with students and made chemistry digestible -- even edible, when we made rock candy. The one thing Mrs. Culp did not have? Canine...(size: 8.3Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
Capitol Alert: Michael Rubio, others drop bid for delay in Green Chemistry law 21 minutes ago Brown names military leader to oversee state parks 20 minutes ago Capitol Alert: Gov. Jerry Brown taps Marine Corps leader to run state parks...(size: 13.3Kb)
Gizmodo
Andrew Liszewski - Matthew Hartings is a chemistry professor at American University, and will most likely go down in history for coming up with the absolute best way to teach chemistry concepts to non-college types: using his dogs. Matthew’s hobby is actually training Paige and Dexter,...(size: 3.2Kb)
Building team chemistry, the Gin Kings way
12 Nov 2012
Journal Online
Chris Ellis couldn’t have summed up the experience any better. “Mixing different spirits is just like applied chemistry. You need to know all the ingredients and determine which go best together. So to add another metaphor, it’s also just like building a team,” said the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel...(size: 3.3Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics DexterShowtimeTVserial killermichael c hallJennifer Carpenter Advertisement More thoughts, recaps, and analysis of Sunday night’s “Dexter” episode, “Chemistry.” (For part one of this article, please click here.) At the morgue, Deb finds out Hannah’s husband’s body wasn’t embalmed, and...(size: 9.9Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics DexterSerial KIllersShowtimemichael c hallJennifer Carpenter Advertisement The seventh episode of Showtime’s “Dexter” for this season is titled “Chemistry,” and Sunday night's show starts with Dexter laying on his kill table, naked with Hannah. She climbs atop him and puts the knife...(size: 9.1Kb)
IMC
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For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation).
Chemistry is the science of atomic matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties.[1][2] Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds.
Chemistry is sometimes called "the central science" because it connects physics with other natural sciences such as geology and biology.[3][4] Chemistry is a branch of physical science but distinct from physics.[5]
The etymology of the word chemistry has been much disputed.[6] The genesis of chemistry can be traced to certain practices, known as alchemy, which had been practiced for several millennia in various parts of the world, particularly the Middle East.[7]
Contents |
Theory[link]
Traditional chemistry starts with the study of elementary particles, atoms, molecules,[8] substances, metals, crystals and other aggregates of matter. in solid, liquid, and gas states, whether in isolation or combination. The interactions, reactions and transformations that are studied in chemistry are usually a result of interaction between atoms, leading to rearrangments in the chemical bonds which hold atoms together. Such behaviors are studied in a chemistry laboratory.
The chemistry laboratory stereotypically uses various forms of laboratory glassware, but glassware is not central to chemistry, and a great deal of experimental (as well as applied/industrial chemistry) is done without it.
A chemical reaction is a transformation of some substances into one or more other substances.[9] The basis of such a chemical transformation is the rearrangment of electrons in the chemical bonds between atoms. It can be symbolically depicted through a chemical equation, which usually involves atoms as subjects. The number of atoms on the left and the right in the equation for a chemical transformation is equal (when unequal, the transformation by definition is not chemical, but rather a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay). The nature of chemical reactions a substance may undergo and the energy changes that may accompany it are constrained by certain basic rules, known as chemical laws.
Energy and entropy considerations are invariably important in almost all chemical studies. Chemical substances are classified in terms of their structure, phase as well as their chemical compositions. They can be analyzed using the tools of chemical analysis, e.g. spectroscopy and chromatography. Scientists engaged in chemical research are known as chemists.[10] Most chemists specialize in one or more sub-disciplines.
History[link]
Main article: History of chemistry
Ancient Egyptians pioneered the art of synthetic "wet" chemistry up to 4,000 years ago.[11] By 1000 BC ancient civilizations were using technologies that formed the basis of the various branches of chemistry such as; extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.
The genesis of chemistry can be traced to the widely observed phenomenon of burning that led to metallurgy—the art and science of processing ores to get metals (e.g. metallurgy in ancient India). The greed for gold led to the discovery of the process for its purification, even though the underlying principles were not well understood—it was thought to be a transformation rather than purification. Many scholars in those days thought it reasonable to believe that there exist means for transforming cheaper (base) metals into gold. This gave way to alchemy and the search for the Philosopher's Stone which was believed to bring about such a transformation by mere touch.[12]
Greek atomism dates back to 440 BC, as what might be indicated by the book De Rerum Natura (The Nature of Things)[13] written by the Roman Lucretius in 50 BC.[14] Much of the early development of purification methods is described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.
A tentative outline is as follows:
- Alchemy in Greco-Roman Egypt [ – 642 CE], the earliest Western alchemists such as Mary the Jewess, Cleopatra the Alchemist, and Zosimos of Panopolis described early laboratory equipment. They are estimated to have lived between the first and third centuries.
- Islamic alchemy [642 CE – 1200], the Muslim conquest of Egypt; development of alchemy by Jābir ibn Hayyān, al-Razi and others; Jābir modifies Aristotle's theories; advances in processes and apparatus.[15]
- European alchemy [1300 – present], Pseudo-Geber builds on Arabic chemistry.[citation needed] From the 12th century, major advances in the chemical arts shifted from Arab lands to western Europe.[15]
- Chemistry [1661], Boyle writes his classic chemistry text The Sceptical Chymist.
- Chemistry [1787], Lavoisier writes his classic Elements of Chemistry.
- Chemistry [1803], Dalton publishes his Atomic Theory.
- Chemistry [1869], Dmitri Mendeleev presented his Periodic table being the framework of the modern chemistry
The earliest pioneers of Chemistry, and inventors of the modern scientific method,[16] were medieval Arab and Persian scholars. They introduced precise observation and controlled experimentation into the field and discovered numerous Chemical substances.[17][verification needed]
"Chemistry as a science was almost created by the Muslims; for in this field, where the Greeks (so far as we know) were confined to industrial experience and vague hypothesis, the Saracens introduced precise observation, controlled experiment, and careful records. They invented and named the alembic (al-anbiq), chemically analyzed innumerable substances, composed lapidaries, distinguished alkalis and acids, investigated their affinities, studied and manufactured hundreds of drugs. Alchemy, which the Muslims inherited from Egypt, contributed to chemistry by a thousand incidental discoveries, and by its method, which was the most scientific of all medieval operations."[17]
The most influential Muslim chemists were Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber, d. 815), al-Kindi (d. 873), al-Razi (d. 925), al-Biruni (d. 1048) and Alhazen (d. 1039).[18] Their works became more widely known in Europe in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, beginning with the Latin translation of Jābir’s Kitab al-Kimya in 1144. The contribution of Indian alchemists and metallurgists in the development of chemistry was also quite significant.[19]
For some practitioners, alchemy was an intellectual pursuit, over time, they got better at it. Paracelsus (1493–1541), for example, rejected the 4-elemental theory and with only a vague understanding of his chemicals and medicines, formed a hybrid of alchemy and science in what was to be called iatrochemistry. Similarly, the influences of philosophers such as Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626) and René Descartes (1596–1650), who demanded more rigor in mathematics and in removing bias from scientific observations, led to a scientific revolution. In chemistry, this began with Robert Boyle (1627–1691), who came up with an equation known as Boyle's Law about the characteristics of gaseous state.[21]
Chemistry indeed came of age when Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794), developed the theory of Conservation of mass in 1783; and the development of the Atomic Theory by John Dalton around 1800. The Law of Conservation of Mass resulted in the reformulation of chemistry based on this law[citation needed] and the oxygen theory of combustion, which was largely based on the work of Lavoisier. Lavoisier's fundamental contributions to chemistry were a result of a conscious effort[citation needed] to fit all experiments into the framework of a single theory.
Lavoisier established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature and made contribution to the modern metric system. Lavoisier also worked to translate the archaic and technical language of chemistry into something that could be easily understood by the largely uneducated masses, leading to an increased public interest in chemistry. All these advances in chemistry led to what is usually called the chemical revolution. The contributions of Lavoisier led to what is now called modern chemistry—the chemistry that is studied in educational institutions all over the world. It is because of these and other contributions that Antoine Lavoisier is often celebrated as the "Father of Modern Chemistry".[22] The later discovery of Friedrich Wöhler that many natural substances, organic compounds, can indeed be synthesized in a chemistry laboratory also helped the modern chemistry to mature from its infancy.[23]
The discovery of the chemical elements has a long history from the days of alchemy and culminating in the discovery of the periodic table of the chemical elements by Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907)[24] and later discoveries of some synthetic elements.
Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Joseph Priestley, Humphry Davy, Linus Pauling, Gilbert N. Lewis, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Robert Burns Woodward, and Fritz Haber also made notable contributions.
The year 2011 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Chemistry.[25] It was an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry , and of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and involves chemical societies, academics, and institutions worldwide and relied on individual initiatives to organize local and regional activities.
Etymology[link]
Main article: Chemistry (etymology)
The word chemistry comes from the word alchemy, an earlier set of practices that encompassed elements of chemistry, metallurgy, philosophy, astrology, astronomy, mysticism and medicine; it is commonly thought of as the quest to turn lead or another common starting material into gold.[26] The word alchemy in turn is derived from the Arabic word al-kīmīā (الكيمياء), meaning alchemy. The Arabic term is borrowed from the Greek χημία or χημεία.[27][28] This may have Egyptian origins. Many believe that al-kīmīā is derived from χημία, which is in turn derived from the word Chemi or Kimi, which is the ancient name of Egypt in Egyptian.[27] Alternately, al-kīmīā may be derived from χημεία, meaning "cast together".[29]
An alchemist was called a 'chemist' in popular speech, and later the suffix "-ry" was added to this to describe the art of the chemist as "chemistry".
Definitions[link]
In retrospect, the definition of chemistry has changed over time, as new discoveries and theories add to the functionality of the science. Shown below are some of the standard definitions used by various noted chemists:
- Alchemy (330) – the study of the composition of waters, movement, growth, embodying, disembodying, drawing the spirits from bodies and bonding the spirits within bodies (Zosimos).[30]
- Chymistry (1661) – the subject of the material principles of mixed bodies (Boyle).[31]
- Chymistry (1663) – a scientific art, by which one learns to dissolve bodies, and draw from them the different substances on their composition, and how to unite them again, and exalt them to a higher perfection (Glaser).[32]
- Chemistry (1730) – the art of resolving mixed, compound, or aggregate bodies into their principles; and of composing such bodies from those principles (Stahl).[33]
- Chemistry (1837) – the science concerned with the laws and effects of molecular forces (Dumas).[34]
- Chemistry (1947) – the science of substances: their structure, their properties, and the reactions that change them into other substances (Pauling).[35]
- Chemistry (1998) – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes (Chang).[36]
Basic concepts[link]
Several concepts are essential for the study of chemistry; some of them are:[37]
Atom[link]
Main article: Atom
An atom is the basic unit of chemistry. It consists of a positively charged core (the atomic nucleus) which contains protons and neutrons, and which maintains a number of electrons to balance the positive charge in the nucleus. The atom is also the smallest entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties of the element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state(s), coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form (e.g., metallic, ionic, covalent).
Element[link]
Main article: Chemical element
The concept of chemical element is related to that of chemical substance. A chemical element is specifically a substance which is composed of a single type of atom. A chemical element is characterized by a particular number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. This number is known as the atomic number of the element. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the element uranium.
Although all the nuclei of all atoms belonging to one element will have the same number of protons, they may not necessarily have the same number of neutrons; such atoms are termed isotopes. In fact several isotopes of an element may exist. Ninety–four different chemical elements or types of atoms based on the number of protons are observed on earth naturally, having at least one isotope that is stable or has a very long half-life. A further 18 elements have been recognised by IUPAC after they have been made in the laboratory.
The standard presentation of the chemical elements is in the periodic table, which orders elements by atomic number and groups them by electron configuration. Due to its arrangement, groups, or columns, and periods, or rows, of elements in the table either share several chemical properties, or follow a certain trend in characteristics such as atomic radius, electronegativity, etc. Lists of the elements by name, by symbol, and by atomic number are also available.
Compound[link]
Main article: Chemical compound
A compound is a substance with a particular ratio of atoms of particular chemical elements which determines its composition, and a particular organization which determines chemical properties. For example, water is a compound containing hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two to one, with the oxygen atom between the two hydrogen atoms, and an angle of 104.5° between them. Compounds are formed and interconverted by chemical reactions.
Substance[link]
Main article: Chemical substance
A chemical substance is a kind of matter with a definite composition and set of properties.[38] Strictly speaking, a mixture of compounds, elements or compounds and elements is not a chemical substance, but it may be called a chemical. Most of the substances we encounter in our daily life are some kind of mixture; for example: air, alloys, biomass, etc.
Nomenclature of substances is a critical part of the language of chemistry. Generally it refers to a system for naming chemical compounds. Earlier in the history of chemistry substances were given name by their discoverer, which often led to some confusion and difficulty. However, today the IUPAC system of chemical nomenclature allows chemists to specify by name specific compounds amongst the vast variety of possible chemicals.
The standard nomenclature of chemical substances is set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). There are well-defined systems in place for naming chemical species. Organic compounds are named according to the organic nomenclature system.[39] Inorganic compounds are named according to the inorganic nomenclature system.[40] In addition the Chemical Abstracts Service has devised a method to index chemical substance. In this scheme each chemical substance is identifiable by a number known as CAS registry number.
Molecule[link]
Main article: Molecule
A molecule is the smallest indivisible portion of a pure chemical substance that has its unique set of chemical properties, that is, its potential to undergo a certain set of chemical reactions with other substances. However, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances (see below). Molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral and all valence electrons are paired with other electrons either in bonds or in lone pairs.
Thus, molecules exist as electrically neutral units, unlike ions. When this rule is broken, giving the "molecule" a charge, the result is sometimes named a molecular ion or a polyatomic ion. However, the discrete and separate nature of the molecular concept usually requires that molecular ions be present only in well-separated form, such as a directed beam in a vacuum in a mass spectrograph. Charged polyatomic collections residing in solids (for example, common sulfate or nitrate ions) are generally not considered "molecules" in chemistry.
The "inert" or noble chemical elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) are composed of lone atoms as their smallest discrete unit, but the other isolated chemical elements consist of either molecules or networks of atoms bonded to each other in some way. Identifiable molecules compose familiar substances such as water, air, and many organic compounds like alcohol, sugar, gasoline, and the various pharmaceuticals.
However, not all substances or chemical compounds consist of discrete molecules, and indeed most of the solid substances that makes up the solid crust, mantle, and core of the Earth are chemical compounds without molecules. These other types of substances, such as ionic compounds and network solids, are organized in such a way as to lack the existence of identifiable molecules per se. Instead, these substances are discussed in terms of formula units or unit cells as the smallest repeating structure within the substance. Examples of such substances are mineral salts (such as table salt), solids like carbon and diamond, metals, and familiar silica and silicate minerals such as quartz and granite.
One of the main characteristic of a molecule is its geometry often called its structure. While the structure of diatomic, triatomic or tetra atomic molecules may be trivial, (linear, angular pyramidal etc.) the structure of polyatomic molecules, that are constituted of more than six atoms (of several elements) can be crucial for its chemical nature.
Mole and amount of substance[link]
Main article: Mole (unit)
Mole is a unit to measure amount of substance (also called chemical amount). A mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules or ions) as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram (or 12 grams) of carbon-12, where the carbon-12 atoms are unbound, at rest and in their ground state.[41] The number of entities per mole is known as the Avogadro constant, and is determined empirically. The currently accepted value is 6.02214179(30)×1023 mol−1 (2007 CODATA). One way to understand the meaning of the term "mole" is to compare and contrast it to terms such as dozen. Just as one dozen eggs contains 12 individual eggs, one mole contains 6.02214179(30)×1023 atoms, molecules or other particles. The term is used because it is much easier to say, for example, 1 mole of carbon, than it is to say 6.02214179(30)×1023 carbon atoms, and because moles of chemicals represent a scale that is easy to experience.
The amount of substance of a solute per volume of solution is known as amount of substance concentration, or molarity for short. Molarity is the quantity most commonly used to express the concentration of a solution in the chemical laboratory. The most commonly used units for molarity are mol/L (the official SI units are mol/m3).
Ions and salts[link]
Main article: Ion
An ion is a charged species, an atom or a molecule, that has lost or gained one or more electrons. Positively charged cations (e.g. sodium cation Na+) and negatively charged anions (e.g. chloride Cl−) can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts (e.g. sodium chloride NaCl). Examples of polyatomic ions that do not split up during acid-base reactions are hydroxide (OH−) and phosphate (PO43−).
Ions in the gaseous phase are often known as plasma.
Acidity and basicity[link]
Main article: Acid–base reaction
A substance can often be classified as an acid or a base. There are several different theories which explain acid-base behavior. The simplest is Arrhenius theory, which states than an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions when it is dissolved in water, and a base is one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. According to Brønsted–Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.
A third common theory is Lewis acid-base theory, which is based on the formation of new chemical bonds. Lewis theory explains that an acid is a substance which is capable of accepting a pair of electrons from another substance during the process of bond formation, while a base is a substance which can provide a pair of electrons to form a new bond. According to concept as per Lewis, the crucial things being exchanged are charges.[42][unreliable source?] There are several other ways in which a substance may be classified as an acid or a base, as is evident in the history of this concept [43]
Acid strength is commonly measured by two methods. One measurement, based on the Arrhenius definition of acidity, is pH, which is a measurement of the hydronium ion concentration in a solution, as expressed on a negative logarithmic scale. Thus, solutions that have a low pH have a high hydronium ion concentration, and can be said to be more acidic. The other measurement, based on the Brønsted–Lowry definition, is the acid dissociation constant (Ka), which measure the relative ability of a substance to act as an acid under the Brønsted–Lowry definition of an acid. That is, substances with a higher Ka are more likely to donate hydrogen ions in chemical reactions than those with lower Ka values.
Phase[link]
Main article: Phase (matter)
In addition to the specific chemical properties that distinguish different chemical classifications chemicals can exist in several phases. For the most part, the chemical classifications are independent of these bulk phase classifications; however, some more exotic phases are incompatible with certain chemical properties. A phase is a set of states of a chemical system that have similar bulk structural properties, over a range of conditions, such as pressure or temperature.
Physical properties, such as density and refractive index tend to fall within values characteristic of the phase. The phase of matter is defined by the phase transition, which is when energy put into or taken out of the system goes into rearranging the structure of the system, instead of changing the bulk conditions.
Sometimes the distinction between phases can be continuous instead of having a discrete boundary, in this case the matter is considered to be in a supercritical state. When three states meet based on the conditions, it is known as a triple point and since this is invariant, it is a convenient way to define a set of conditions.
The most familiar examples of phases are solids, liquids, and gases. Many substances exhibit multiple solid phases. For example, there are three phases of solid iron (alpha, gamma, and delta) that vary based on temperature and pressure. A principal difference between solid phases is the crystal structure, or arrangement, of the atoms. Another phase commonly encountered in the study of chemistry is the aqueous phase, which is the state of substances dissolved in aqueous solution (that is, in water).
Less familiar phases include plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates and the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of magnetic materials. While most familiar phases deal with three-dimensional systems, it is also possible to define analogs in two-dimensional systems, which has received attention for its relevance to systems in biology.
Redox[link]
Main article: Redox
It is a concept related to the ability of atoms of various substances to lose or gain electrons. Substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances are said to be oxidative and are known as oxidizing agents, oxidants or oxidizers. An oxidant removes electrons from another substance. Similarly, substances that have the ability to reduce other substances are said to be reductive and are known as reducing agents, reductants, or reducers.
A reductant transfers electrons to another substance, and is thus oxidized itself. And because it "donates" electrons it is also called an electron donor. Oxidation and reduction properly refer to a change in oxidation number—the actual transfer of electrons may never occur. Thus, oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation number, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation number.
Bonding[link]
Main article: Chemical bond
Atoms sticking together in molecules or crystals are said to be bonded with one another. A chemical bond may be visualized as the multipole balance between the positive charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them.[44] More than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom.
A chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of Van der Waals force. Each of these kind of bond is ascribed to some potential. These potentials create the interactions which hold atoms together in molecules or crystals. In many simple compounds, Valence Bond Theory, the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model (VSEPR), and the concept of oxidation number can be used to explain molecular structure and composition.
Similarly, theories from classical physics can be used to predict many ionic structures. With more complicated compounds, such as metal complexes, valence bond theory is less applicable and alternative approaches, such as the molecular orbital theory, are generally used. See diagram on electronic orbitals.
Reaction[link]
Main article: Chemical reaction
When a chemical substance is transformed as a result of its interaction with another or energy, a chemical reaction is said to have occurred. Chemical reaction is therefore a concept related to the 'reaction' of a substance when it comes in close contact with another, whether as a mixture or a solution; exposure to some form of energy, or both. It results in some energy exchange between the constituents of the reaction as well with the system environment which may be designed vessels which are often laboratory glassware.
Chemical reactions can result in the formation or dissociation of molecules, that is, molecules breaking apart to form two or more smaller molecules, or rearrangement of atoms within or across molecules. Chemical reactions usually involve the making or breaking of chemical bonds. Oxidation, reduction, dissociation, acid-base neutralization and molecular rearrangement are some of the commonly used kinds of chemical reactions.
A chemical reaction can be symbolically depicted through a chemical equation. While in a non-nuclear chemical reaction the number and kind of atoms on both sides of the equation are equal, for a nuclear reaction this holds true only for the nuclear particles viz. protons and neutrons.[45]
The sequence of steps in which the reorganization of chemical bonds may be taking place in the course of a chemical reaction is called its mechanism. A chemical reaction can be envisioned to take place in a number of steps, each of which may have a different speed. Many reaction intermediates with variable stability can thus be envisaged during the course of a reaction. Reaction mechanisms are proposed to explain the kinetics and the relative product mix of a reaction. Many physical chemists specialize in exploring and proposing the mechanisms of various chemical reactions. Several empirical rules, like the Woodward-Hoffmann rules often come handy while proposing a mechanism for a chemical reaction.
According to the IUPAC gold book a chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical species".[46] Accordingly, a chemical reaction may be an elementary reaction or a stepwise reaction. An additional caveat is made, in that this definition includes cases where the interconversion of conformers is experimentally observable. Such detectable chemical reactions normally involve sets of molecular entities as indicated by this definition, but it is often conceptually convenient to use the term also for changes involving single molecular entities (i.e. 'microscopic chemical events').
Equilibrium[link]
Main article: Chemical equilibrium
Although the concept of equilibrium is widely used across sciences, in the context of chemistry, it arises whenever a number of different states of the chemical composition are possible. For example, in a mixture of several chemical compounds that can react with one another, or when a substance can be present in more than one kind of phase.
A system of chemical substances at equilibrium even though having an unchanging composition is most often not static; molecules of the substances continue to react with one another thus giving rise to a dynamic equilibrium. Thus the concept describes the state in which the parameters such as chemical composition remain unchanged over time. Chemicals present in biological systems are invariably not at equilibrium; rather they are far from equilibrium.
Energy[link]
Main article: Energy
In the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular or aggregate structure. Since a chemical transformation is accompanied by a change in one or more of these kinds of structure, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. Some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants.
A reaction is said to be exergonic if the final state is lower on the energy scale than the initial state; in the case of endergonic reactions the situation is the reverse. A reaction is said to be exothermic if the reaction releases heat to the surroundings; in the case of endothermic reactions, the reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Chemical reactions are invariably not possible unless the reactants surmount an energy barrier known as the activation energy. The speed of a chemical reaction (at given temperature T) is related to the activation energy E, by the Boltzmann's population factor Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): e^{-E/kT}
- that is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature T. This exponential dependence of a reaction rate on temperature is known as the Arrhenius equation.
The activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction can be in the form of heat, light, electricity or mechanical force in the form of ultrasound.[47]
A related concept free energy, which also incorporates entropy considerations, is a very useful means for predicting the feasibility of a reaction and determining the state of equilibrium of a chemical reaction, in chemical thermodynamics. A reaction is feasible only if the total change in the Gibbs free energy is negative, Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \Delta G \le 0 \,
- if it is equal to zero the chemical reaction is said to be at equilibrium.
There exist only limited possible states of energy for electrons, atoms and molecules. These are determined by the rules of quantum mechanics, which require quantization of energy of a bound system. The atoms/molecules in a higher energy state are said to be excited. The molecules/atoms of substance in an excited energy state are often much more reactive; that is, more amenable to chemical reactions.
The phase of a substance is invariably determined by its energy and the energy of its surroundings. When the intermolecular forces of a substance are such that the energy of the surroundings is not sufficient to overcome them, it occurs in a more ordered phase like liquid or solid as is the case with water (H2O); a liquid at room temperature because its molecules are bound by hydrogen bonds.[48] Whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure, as its molecules are bound by weaker dipole-dipole interactions.
The transfer of energy from one chemical substance to another depends on the size of energy quanta emitted from one substance. However, heat energy is often transferred more easily from almost any substance to another because the phonons responsible for vibrational and rotational energy levels in a substance have much less energy than photons invoked for the electronic energy transfer. Thus, because vibrational and rotational energy levels are more closely spaced than electronic energy levels, heat is more easily transferred between substances relative to light or other forms of electronic energy. For example, ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation is not transferred with as much efficacy from one substance to another as thermal or electrical energy.
The existence of characteristic energy levels for different chemical substances is useful for their identification by the analysis of spectral lines. Different kinds of spectra are often used in chemical spectroscopy, e.g. IR, microwave, NMR, ESR, etc. Spectroscopy is also used to identify the composition of remote objects - like stars and distant galaxies - by analyzing their radiation spectra.
Emission spectrum of iron
The term chemical energy is often used to indicate the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or to transform other chemical substances.
Chemical laws[link]
Main article: Chemical law
Chemical reactions are governed by certain laws, which have become fundamental concepts in chemistry. Some of them are:
- Avogadro's law
- Beer-Lambert law
- Boyle's law (1662, relating pressure and volume)
- Charles's law (1787, relating volume and temperature)
- Fick's law of diffusion
- Gay-Lussac's law (1809, relating pressure and temperature)
- Le Chatelier's Principle
- Henry's law
- Hess's Law
- Law of conservation of energy leads to the important concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics.
- Law of conservation of mass continues to be conserved in isolated systems, even in modern physics. However, special relativity shows that due to mass-energy equivalence, whenever non-material "energy" (heat, light, kinetic energy) is removed from a non-isolated system, some mass will be lost with it. High energy losses result in loss of weighable amounts of mass, an important topic in nuclear chemistry.
- Law of definite composition, although in many systems (notably biomacromolecules and minerals) the ratios tend to require large numbers, and are frequently represented as a fraction.
- Law of multiple proportions
- Raoult's Law
Subdisciplines[link]
Chemistry is typically divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry.[49]
- Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry. These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms. Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, as in medicinal chemistry or neurochemistry. Biochemistry is also associated with molecular biology and genetics.
- Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.
- Materials chemistry is the preparation, characterization, and understanding of substances with a useful function. The field is a new breadth of study in graduate programs, and it integrates elements from all classical areas of chemistry with a focus on fundamental issues that are unique to materials. Primary systems of study include the chemistry of condensed phases (solids, liquids, polymers) and interfaces between different phases.
- Neurochemistry is the study of neurochemicals; including transmitters, peptides, proteins, lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids; their interactions, and the roles they play in forming, maintaining, and modifying the nervous system.
- Nuclear chemistry is the study of how subatomic particles come together and make nuclei. Modern Transmutation is a large component of nuclear chemistry, and the table of nuclides is an important result and tool for this field.
- Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds. An organic compound is defined as any compound based on a carbon skeleton.
- Physical chemistry is the study of the physical and fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes. In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, statistical mechanics, spectroscopy, and more recently, astrochemistry.[50] Physical chemistry has large overlap with molecular physics. Physical chemistry involves the use of infinitesimal calculus in deriving equations. It is usually associated with quantum chemistry and theoretical chemistry. Physical chemistry is a distinct discipline from chemical physics, but again, there is very strong overlap.
- Theoretical chemistry is the study of chemistry via fundamental theoretical reasoning (usually within mathematics or physics). In particular the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is called quantum chemistry. Since the end of the Second World War, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems. Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with (theoretical and experimental) condensed matter physics and molecular physics.
Other disciplines within chemistry are traditionally grouped by the type of matter being studied or the kind of study. These include inorganic chemistry, the study of inorganic matter; organic chemistry, the study of organic (carbon based) matter; biochemistry, the study of substances found in biological organisms; physical chemistry, the study of chemical processes using physical concepts such as thermodynamics and quantum mechanics; and analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Many more specialized disciplines have emerged in recent years, e.g. neurochemistry the chemical study of the nervous system (see subdisciplines).
Other fields include agrochemistry, astrochemistry (and cosmochemistry), atmospheric chemistry, chemical engineering, chemical biology, chemo-informatics, electrochemistry, environmental chemistry, femtochemistry, flavor chemistry, flow chemistry, geochemistry, green chemistry, histochemistry, history of chemistry, hydrogenation chemistry, immunochemistry, marine chemistry, materials science, mathematical chemistry, mechanochemistry, medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, molecular mechanics, nanotechnology, natural product chemistry, oenology, organometallic chemistry, petrochemistry, pharmacology, photochemistry, physical organic chemistry, phytochemistry, polymer chemistry, radiochemistry, solid-state chemistry, sonochemistry, supramolecular chemistry, surface chemistry, synthetic chemistry, thermochemistry, and many others.
Chemical industry[link]
Main article: Chemical industry
The chemical industry represents an important economic activity. The global top 50 chemical producers in 2004 had sales of 587 billion US dollars with a profit margin of 8.1% and research and development spending of 2.1% of total chemical sales.[51]
Professional societies[link]
- American Chemical Society
- American Society for Neurochemistry
- Chemical Institute of Canada
- Chemical Society of Peru
- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Royal Australian Chemical Institute
- Royal Netherlands Chemical Society
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Society of Chemical Industry
- World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists
- List of chemistry societies
See also[link]
 |
Book: Chemistry |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
Main article: Outline of chemistry
- Common chemicals
- International Year of Chemistry
- List of chemists
- List of compounds
- List of important publications in chemistry
- List of software for molecular mechanics modeling
- List of unsolved problems in chemistry
- Periodic Systems of Small Molecules
- Periodic table
- Philosophy of chemistry
References[link]
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- ^ Is chemistry a branch of physics? a paper by Mario Bunge
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"Humboldt regards the Muslims as the founders of chemistry." - ^ Will Durant (1935): Our Oriental Heritage: Simon & Schuster:
"Something has been said about the chemical excellence of cast iron in ancient India, and about the high industrial development of the Gupta times, when India was looked to, even by Imperial Rome, as the most skilled of the nations in such chemical industries as dyeing, tanning, soap-making, glass and cement... By the sixth century the Hindus were far ahead of Europe in industrial chemistry; they were masters of calcination, distillation, sublimation, steaming, fixation, the production of light without heat, the mixing of anesthetic and soporific powders, and the preparation of metallic salts, compounds and alloys. The tempering of steel was brought in ancient India to a perfection unknown in Europe till our own times; King Porus is said to have selected, as a specially valuable gift from Alexander, not gold or silver, but thirty pounds of steel. The Moslems took much of this Hindu chemical science and industry to the Near East and Europe; the secret of manufacturing "Damascus" blades, for example, was taken by the Arabs from the Persians, and by the Persians from India."" - ^ Eagle, Cassandra T.; Jennifer Sloan (1998). "Marie Anne Paulze Lavoisier: The Mother of Modern Chemistry" (PDF). The Chemical Educator 3 (5): 1–18. DOI:10.1007/s00897980249a. http://www.springerlink.com/content/x14v35m5n8822v42/fulltext.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
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- ^ Mi Gyung Kim (2003). Affinity, that Elusive Dream: A Genealogy of the Chemical Revolution. MIT Press. p. 440. ISBN 0-262-11273-6.
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- ^ Timeline of Element Discovery - About.com
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- ^ p. 854, "Arabic alchemy", Georges C. Anawati, pp. 853-885 in Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science, eds. Roshdi Rashed and Régis Morelon, London: Routledge, 1996, vol. 3, ISBN 0-415-12412-3.
- ^ Weekley, Ernest (1967). Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21873-2
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Further reading[link]
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- Popular reading
- Atkins, P.W. Galileo's Finger (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-860941-8
- Atkins, P.W. Atkins' Molecules (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-82397-8
- Kean, Sam. The Disappearing Spoon - and other true tales from the Periodic Table (Black Swan) London, 2010 ISBN 978-0-552-77750-6
- Levi, Primo The Periodic Table (Penguin Books) [1975] translated from the Italian by Raymond Rosenthal (1984) ISBN 978-0-14-139944-7
- Stwertka, A. A Guide to the Elements (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-515027-9
- Introductory undergraduate text books
- Atkins, P.W., Overton, T., Rourke, J., Weller, M. and Armstrong, F. Shriver and Atkins inorganic chemistry (4th edition) 2006 (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-926463-5
- Chang, Raymond. Chemistry 6th ed. Boston: James M. Smith, 1998. ISBN 0-07-115221-0.
- Clayden, Jonathan; Greeves, Nick; Warren, Stuart; Wothers, Peter (2001). Organic Chemistry (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0.
- Voet and Voet Biochemistry (Wiley) ISBN 0-471-58651-X
- Advanced undergraduate-level or graduate text books
- Atkins, P.W. Physical Chemistry (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-879285-9
- Atkins, P.W. et al. Molecular Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press)
- McWeeny, R. Coulson's Valence (Oxford Science Publications) ISBN 0-19-855144-4
- Pauling, L. The Nature of the chemical bond (Cornell University Press) ISBN 0-8014-0333-2
- Pauling, L., and Wilson, E. B. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry (Dover Publications) ISBN 0-486-64871-0
- Smart and Moore Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction (Chapman and Hall) ISBN 0-412-40040-5
- Stephenson, G. Mathematical Methods for Science Students (Longman) ISBN 0-582-44416-0
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