name	The Crickets
background	group_or_band
origin	Texas, United States
genre	Rock & roll
years active	1957-present
label	Brunswick, Coral, Liberty, MCA, Vertigo, Chirp
website
current members	Glen HardinJerry AllisonJoe B. MauldinSonny Curtis
past members	Albert Lee Bobby Durham Buddy Holly David Box Earl Sinks Henry Lee James Jerry NaylorNiki Sullivan Tommy Allsup
notable instruments	}}

The Crickets are a rock & roll band from Lubbock, Texas, formed by singer/songwriter Buddy Holly in the 1950s. Their first hit record was "That'll Be the Day", released in 1957.

Holly had been making demo recordings with local musician friends since 1954. Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, and Larry Welborn participated in these sessions. In 1956 Holly's band (then known informally as ''Buddy and the Two Tones'' (meaning Buddy Holly with Sonny Curtis and Don Guess), posthumous releases refer to ''The Three Tunes'') recorded an album's worth of rockabilly numbers in Nashville, Tennessee for Decca; the records were no more than mildly successful, and the band didn't hit pay dirt until 1957, when producer and recording engineer Norman Petty hosted Holly's sessions in Clovis, New Mexico.

Holly had already recorded for another label under his own name, so to avoid legal problems he needed a new name for his group. As the Crickets recalled in John Goldrosen's book ''The Buddy Holly Story'', they were inspired by other groups named after birds. They were then considering insects-centered names, apparently unaware of the Bronx R&B; vocal group The Crickets, who recorded for Jay-Dee. It is worth noting that they almost chose the name "Beetles". Years later, The Beatles chose their band name partly in homage to The Crickets.

The Crickets were lead guitarist and vocalist Buddy Holly, drummer Jerry Allison, bassist Joe B. Mauldin, and rhythm guitarist Niki Sullivan. Sullivan dropped out after a little more than one year to resume his education. The Crickets, now a trio, continued to make stage and TV appearances, and recorded more songs, many composed by the band members themselves.

During 1957 Norman Petty arranged for The Crickets' recordings to be marketed under two separate names. The solo vocals went out as "Buddy Holly" and the songs with dubbed backing vocals were issued as "The Crickets." Petty reasoned, correctly, that disc jockeys might be reluctant to program a single artist too heavily, but would have no problem playing records by two seemingly different groups. Some disc jockeys referred to the band as "Buddy Holly and The Crickets," but the record labels never used this wording until after Holly's death.

In 1958, Holly broke with Petty and moved to New York to be more involved with the publishing and recording businesses. Allison and Mauldin chose not to move and returned to Lubbock. Holly now recorded under his own name with studio musicians Tommy Allsup and Carl Bunch. Waylon Jennings toured with him shortly after The Crickets folded.

Allison and Mauldin looked forward to rejoining Holly after he returned from a winter tour through the northern Midwest. It was on that tour that Holly was killed in a plane crash.

The Crickets went on performing after Holly's death. David Box a native of Lubbock, Texas and a near identical Buddy Holly soundalike would join the group as lead vocalist for their 1960 single of "Dont Cha Know" (Side A), and "Peggy Sue Got Married"(Side B) released as Coral 62238. David Box ironically would later die in a charter plane crash on October 23, 1964 while touring as a solo singer.

In 1962, The Crickets' version of the Gerry Goffin–Carole King song "Don't Ever Change" (Liberty Records) reached the top 5 in the British single charts. The Crickets would also release in 1962 their album entitled "Bobby Vee Meets the Crickets" with Bobby Vee singing on lead vocals. In 1964, The Crickets recorded their version of the rock and surf song "California Sun" for their album of the same title.

In 1978, the award-winning film, ''The Buddy Holly Story'', starring Gary Busey as Buddy Holly, presented an engaging but somewhat inaccurate depiction of the band's early years. Allison and Mauldin's names were altered as Jesse Charles and Ray Bob Simmons wherein Charles is portrayed with racism, and Sullivan was written out of the film altogether which made them upset over their portrayal.

Allison and Mauldin are still touring with Sonny Curtis, a highly successful songwriter and childhood friend/bandmate of Buddy Holly's, on vocals and guitar.

The Crickets released "The Crickets and Their Buddies" in 2004 which features several classics from all parts of their career featuring guest appearances by several prominent artists including Eric Clapton, Rodney Crowell, Waylon Jennings, Nanci Griffith, John Prine, Graham Nash, Bobby Vee and more. The album was produced and mixed by Greg Ladanyi and included editing and additional mixes by Dave Carlock, Rob Hill, and Rogers Masson.

On October 28, 2008, The Crickets were inducted into the Musicians' Hall of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee. They performed "Peggy Sue", "Not Fade Away" and "That'll Be the Day" at the ceremony, accompanied by guest guitarist Keith Richards.

Discography

''The "Chirping" Crickets'' (1957, with Buddy Holly)

''In Style with the Crickets'' (1960)

''Bobby Vee Meets the Crickets'' (1962)

''Something Old, Something New'' (1963)

''California Sun'' (1964)

''Rock Reflections'' (1971)

''Remnants'' (1973)

''Bubblegum, Pop, Ballads & Boogie'' (1973)

''Long Way from Lubbock'' (1975) ''(With Albert Lee)''.

''Back in Style'' (1975)

''3 Piece'' (1988)

''T Shirt'' (1988)

''Cover to Cover'' (1995)

''The Original'' (1996)

''Rockin'' (2000)

''Too Much Monday Morning''

''Crickets and Their Buddies'' (2004)

''About Time Too (With Mike Berry)''

References

External links

Discography

Category:Musical groups from Texas Category:Buddy Holly Category:Culture of Lubbock, Texas Category:Liberty Records artists Category:Musical groups established in 1957

de:The Crickets ga:The Crickets pt:The Crickets ru:The Crickets sv:The Crickets

name	Buddy Holly
background	solo_singer
birth name	Charles Hardin Holley
born	September 07, 1936Lubbock, Texas, U.S.
died	February 03, 1959Grant Township, Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, U.S.
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, fiddle, violin
genre	Rock and roll, pop rock, rockabilly
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician
years active	1956–1959
label	Decca, Brunswick, Coral
associated acts	The CricketsThe Picks
notable instruments	Fender Stratocaster }}

Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959) known professionally as Buddy Holly, was an American singer-songwriter and a pioneer of rock and roll. Although his success lasted only a year and a half before his death in an airplane crash, Holly is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll." His works and innovations inspired and influenced contemporary and later musicians, notably The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, and Eric Clapton, and exerted a profound influence on popular music. Holly was among the first group of inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986. In 2004, ''Rolling Stone'' ranked Holly #13 among "The Fifty Greatest Artists of All Time".

Biography

Early life

Charles Hardin Holley was born on September 7, 1936, in Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A. to Lawrence Odell and Ella Pauline (Drake) Holley. Holly was always called "Buddy" by his family. Older brothers Travis and Larry taught their sibling to play a variety of instruments, including the guitar, four-string banjo and lap steel guitar. At the age of five, his young voice and exuberance won him a talent contest singing a then-popular song, "Have You Ever Gone Sailing (Down the River of Memories)." In 1949, still retaining his soprano, he recorded a bluesy solo rendering of Hank Snow's "My Two Timin' Woman" on a wire recorder borrowed by a friend who worked in a music shop.

In 1952, he met Bob Montgomery at Hutchinson Junior High School. They shared an interest in music, and teamed up as "Buddy and Bob". Initially influenced by bluegrass, they sang harmony duets at local clubs and high school talent shows. The duo performed on a local radio station KDAV Sunday broadcast that made them a top local act. Hutchinson Junior High School now has a mural honoring Holly, and Lubbock High School, where he sang in the school choir, also honors the late musician.

The Crickets

Holly saw Elvis Presley sing in Lubbock in 1955, and began to incorporate a rockabilly style, similar to that of Chuck Berry, which had a strong rhythm acoustic and slap bass. On October 15, 1955, Holly, along with Bob Montgomery and Larry Welborn, opened the bill for Presley in Lubbock, catching the eye of a Nashville talent scout. Holly's transition to rock continued when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets at a local show organized by Eddie Crandall, the manager for Marty Robbins.

Following this performance, Decca Records signed him to a contract in February 1956, misspelling his name as "Holly". He thereafter adopted the misspelled name for his professional career. Holly formed his own band, later to be called The Crickets, consisting of Holly (lead guitar and vocals), Niki Sullivan (guitar), Joe B. Mauldin (bass), and Jerry Allison (drums). They went to Nashville for three recording sessions with producer Owen Bradley. However, he chafed under a restrictive atmosphere that allowed him little input. Among the tracks he recorded was an early version of "That'll Be The Day", which took its title from a line that John Wayne's character says repeatedly in the 1956 film ''The Searchers''. (This initial version of the song played more slowly and about half an octave higher than the later hit version.) Decca released two singles, "Blue Days, Black Nights" and "Modern Don Juan", that failed to make an impression. On January 22, 1957, Decca informed Holly his contract would not be renewed, insisting, however, that he could not record the same songs for anyone else for five years.

Holly then hired Norman Petty as manager, and the band began recording at Petty's studios in Clovis, New Mexico. Petty contacted music publishers and labels, and Brunswick Records, a subsidiary of Decca, signed the Crickets on March 19, 1957. Holly signed as a solo artist with another Decca subsidiary, Coral Records. This put him in the unusual position of having two recording contracts at the same time.

On May 27, 1957, "That'll Be The Day" was released as a single, credited to the Crickets to try to bypass Decca's claimed legal rights. When the song became a hit, Decca decided not to press its claim. "That'll Be the Day" topped the US "Best Sellers in Stores" chart on September 23, and was the UK Singles Chart for three weeks in November. The Crickets performed "That'll Be the Day" and "Peggy Sue" on ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' on December 1. They also sang "Peggy Sue" on ''The Arthur Murray Party'' on December 29 and were given a polite introduction by Kathryn Murray. The kinescopes of these programs are the only record of their 1957 television appearances.

Holly helped win over an all-black audience to rock and roll/rockabilly when the Crickets were booked at New York's Apollo Theater for August 16–22, 1957. Unlike the immediate acceptance shown in the 1978 movie ''The Buddy Holly Story'', it actually took several performances for the audience to warm up to him. In August 1957, the Crickets were the only white performers on a national tour including black neighborhood theaters.

As Holly was signed both as a solo artist and a member of the Crickets, two debut albums were released: ''The "Chirping" Crickets'' on November 27, 1957 and ''Buddy Holly'' on February 20, 1958. His singles "Peggy Sue" and "Oh Boy!", with backing vocals later dubbed on by The Picks, reached the top ten of United States and United Kingdom charts. Buddy Holly and the Crickets toured Australia in January 1958 and the UK in March. Their third and final album, ''That'll Be the Day'', was put together from early recordings and was released in April.

In the liner notes to ''Buddy Holly: The Definitive Collection'', Billy Altman notes that "Peggy Sue" was originally written as "Cindy Lou," but Holly later changed it prior to recording as a tip of the hat to Crickets drummer Jerry Allison's girlfriend (and future wife), Peggy Sue Gerron.

Holly wrote the song "True Love Ways" about his relationship with his wife, Maria Elena. It was recorded in her presence on October 21, 1958 at Decca's Pythian Temple, with Dick Jacob, Coral-Brunswick's new head of Artists and Repertoire, serving as both producer and conductor of the 18-piece orchestra, which included members of the New York Symphony Orchestra, NBC Television's house orchestra and Abraham "Boomie" Richman, formerly of Benny Goodman's band.

Holly in New York

The ambitious Holly became increasingly interested in the New York music/recording/publishing scene, while his band mates wanted to go back home to Lubbock. As a result, the group split up in late 1958. The Hollys settled in Greenwich Village, New York, in the new Brevoort apartment block at Ninth Street and Fifth Avenue. Here he recorded the series of acoustic songs, including "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and "What to Do," known as the "Apartment Tapes," which were released after his death.

The Hollys frequented many of New York's music venues, including The Village Gate, Blue Note, Village Vanguard, and Johnny Johnson's. Maria Elena reported Buddy was keen to learn finger-style flamenco guitar, and would often visit her aunt's home to play the piano there. He wanted to develop collaborations between soul singers and rock 'n' roll, hoping to make an album with Ray Charles and gospel legend Mahalia Jackson. He also had ambitions to work in film, like Elvis Presley and Eddie Cochran, and registered for acting classes with Lee Strasburg's Actors' Studio, where the likes of Marlon Brando and James Dean had trained.

According to Billy Altman's liner notes to the Geffen/Universal compilation, ''Buddy Holly: The Definitive Collection'', in addition to "True Love Ways", during the October 1958 sessions at Decca's Pythian Temple, Holly also recorded two other songs, "I Guess It Doesn't Matter Anymore" and "Raining In My Heart". The songs were firsts for Holly, not only in the use of orchestral backing players, but also the tracks were his first stereo recordings. They were also to be his last formal recording studio recording sessions.

Holly was still having trouble getting his royalties from Petty, so he hired the noted lawyer Harold Orenstein at the recommendation of his friends the Everly Brothers, who had engaged Orenstein following disputes with their own manager, Wesley Rose. Yet, with the money still being withheld by Petty and with rent due, Buddy was forced to go back on the road.

Death

Holly was offered a spot in the Winter Dance Party, a three-week tour across the Midwest opening on January 23, 1959, by the GAC agency, with other notable performers such as Dion and the Belmonts, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson. He assembled a backing band consisting of Tommy Allsup (guitar), Waylon Jennings (bass) and Carl Bunch (drums), and billed as The Crickets.

The tour turned out to be a miserable ordeal for the performers, who had to endure long overnight travel in a bus plagued with a faulty heating system in temperatures. The bus also broke down several times between stops.

Following a performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, on February 2, 1959, Holly chartered a small airplane to take him to the next stop on the tour. He, Valens, Richardson and the pilot were killed en route to Moorhead, Minnesota, when their plane crashed soon after taking off from nearby Mason City in the early morning hours of February 3. Bandmate Waylon Jennings had given up his seat on the plane, causing Holly to jokingly tell Jennings, "I hope your ol' bus freezes up!" Jennings shot back facetiously, "Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes!" It was a statement that would haunt Jennings for decades.

Holly's funeral was held on February 7, 1959, at the Tabernacle Baptist Church in Lubbock. The service was officiated by Ben D. Johnson, who had presided at the Hollys' wedding just months earlier. The pallbearers were Jerry Allison, Joe B. Mauldin, Niki Sullivan, Bob Montgomery, Sonny Curtis and Phil Everly. Waylon Jennings was unable to attend due to his commitment to the still-touring Winter Dance Party. The body was interred in the City of Lubbock Cemetery in the eastern part of the city. Holly's headstone carries the correct spelling of his surname (Holley) and a carving of his Fender Stratocaster guitar.

Holly's pregnant wife, a widow after barely six months of marriage, miscarried soon after, ending that part of the Holly family tree. The miscarriage was reportedly due to “psychological trauma”. Because of this incident, authorities found it necessary, in the months following, to implement a policy against announcing victims’ names until after families had first been informed.María Elena Holly did not attend the funeral, and has never visited the gravesite. She later told the ''Avalanche-Journal'':

In a way, I blame myself. I was not feeling well when he left. I was two weeks pregnant, and I wanted Buddy to stay with me, but he had scheduled that tour. It was the only time I wasn't with him. And I blame myself because I know that, if only I had gone along, Buddy never would have gotten into that airplane.

The first song to commemorate the musicians was “Three Stars” by Eddie Cochran. This song was recorded just a single day after the disaster occurred. Years later, in 1971, Don McLean released his single, "American Pie”, to commemorate Buddy Holly’s death and further accentuate the loss of the United States’ innocence. Don McLean’s song began the reference to the tragedy as "The Day the Music Died".

Influence

Holly set the template for the standard rock and roll band: two guitars, bass, and drums. He was also one of the first in the genre to write, produce, and perform his own songs.

Holly managed to bridge the racial divide that marked music in America. Along with Elvis and others, Holly made rock and roll, with its roots in rockabilly country music and blues-inspired rhythm and blues music, more popular among a broad white audience. From listening to their recordings, one had difficulty determining if the Crickets, the name of Buddy's band, were white or black singers. Holly indeed sometimes played with black musicians Little Richard and Chuck Berry. The Crickets were only the second white rock group to tour Great Britain. Holly's essential eyeglasses encouraged other musicians, such as John Lennon, also to wear their glasses during performances.

In his biography of rock legend Elton John, Phillip Norman recounted that by his early teens, John (then known as Reg Dwight) was wearing glasses "not because he needed them, but in homage to Buddy Holly." After wearing glasses for a while, his eyes became adjusted to the lenses, and at that point he really did need glasses, which would years later establish John as one of the most famous "four-eyes" in rock and roll, though Holly is considered the first.

Contrary to popular belief, teenagers John Lennon and Paul McCartney did not attend a Holly concert, although they watched his television appearance on ''Sunday Night at the London Palladium''; Tony Bramwell, a school friend of McCartney and George Harrison, did. Bramwell met Holly, and freely shared his records with all three. Ian Whitcomb said "Buddy Holly and the Crickets had the most influence on the Beatles." Lennon and McCartney later cited Holly as a primary influence. (Their band's name, The Beatles, was chosen partly in homage to Holly's Crickets.) The Beatles did a cover version of "Words of Love" that was a close reproduction of Holly's version, released on late 1964's ''Beatles for Sale'' (in the U.S., in June 1965 on ''Beatles VI''). During the January 1969 sessions for the ''Let It Be'' album, the Beatles played a slow impromptu version of "Mailman, Bring Me No More Blues" — although not written by Holly, it was popularized by him — with Lennon mimicking Holly's vocal style; the recording was eventually released in the mid-1990s on ''Anthology 3''. In addition, John Lennon recorded a cover version of "Peggy Sue" on his 1975 album ''Rock 'n' Roll''. McCartney owns the publishing rights to Holly's song catalogue.

A 17-year-old Bob Dylan attended the January 31, 1959, show, two nights before Holly's death. Dylan referred to this in his 1998 Grammy acceptance speech for his ''Time out of Mind'' being named Album of the Year:

}}

Keith Richards attended one of Holly's performances, where he heard "Not Fade Away" for the first time. The Rolling Stones had an early hit covering the song.

The launch of Bobby Vee's successful musical career resulted from Holly's death, when he was selected to replace Holly on the tour that continued after the plane crash. Holly's profound influence on Vee's singing style can be heard in such songs as "Rubber Ball" and "Run to Him."

Holly influenced many other singers during and after a career that lasted barely two years. Keith Richards once said Holly had "an influence on everybody." In an August 24, 1978 ''Rolling Stone'' interview, Bruce Springsteen told Dave Marsh, "I play Buddy Holly every night before I go on; that keeps me honest."

The Grateful Dead performed "Not Fade Away" 530 times over the course of their career, making it their seventh most-performed song. The song also appears on eight of their official live recording releases.

Various rock and roll histories have asserted the singing group The Hollies were named in homage to Buddy Holly. According to the band's website, although the group admired Holly (and years later produced an album covering some of his songs), their name was inspired primarily by the sprigs of holly in evidence around Christmas of 1962.

Don McLean's popular 1971 ballad "American Pie" is inspired by Holly and the day of the plane crash. The ''American Pie'' album is dedicated to Holly.

Weezer's single, "Buddy Holly", released on September 7, 1994 (Holly's 58th birthday), references Holly.

The Dixie Chicks reference Holly in the song "Lubbock or Leave It" (on the Grammy-winning ''Taking the Long Way''); during the middle eight, lead singer Natalie Maines, also a Lubbock native, compares his legacy with her infamously outspoken behavior after seeing his statue: "I hear they hate me now, just like they hated you / maybe when I'm dead and gone, I'm gonna get a statue too".

Discography

Buddy Holly released only three albums in his lifetime. Nonetheless, he recorded so prolifically that Coral Records was able to release brand-new albums and singles for 10 years after his death, although the technical quality was very mixed, some being studio quality and others home recordings.

Buddy Holly continued to be promoted and sold as an "active" artist, and his records had a loyal following, especially in Europe. The demand for unissued Holly material was so great that Norman Petty resorted to overdubbing whatever he could find: alternate takes of studio recordings, originally rejected masters, "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and the other five 1959 tracks (adding new surf-guitar arrangements), and even Holly's amateur demos from 1954 (where the low-fidelity vocals are often muffled behind the new orchestrations). The last new Buddy Holly album was ''Giant'' (featuring the single "Love Is Strange"), issued in 1969. Between the 1959–60 Jack Hansen overdubs, the 1960s Norman Petty overdubs, various alternate takes, and Holly's undubbed originals, collectors can often choose from multiple versions of the same song. There are also many different versions of Holly's "Greatest Hits" as well as covers/compilation albums of Buddy's songs performed by various artists. One such album has been announced recently at an event at P.J. Clarke's in New York. Listen to Me: Buddy Holly is being produced by Peter Asher and includes contributions from Stevie Nicks, The Fray, Cobra Starship, Jeff Lynne, Train's Pat Monahan, Patrick Stump, Jackson Browne, Chris Isaak, Natalie Merchant, Imelda May, Ringo Starr, Lyle Lovett, Zooey Deschanel, Brian Wilson and more.

Film and musical depictions

Holly's life story inspired a Hollywood biographical film, ''The Buddy Holly Story''. Star Gary Busey received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Holly. The movie was widely criticized by the rock community and Holly's friends and family for its inaccuracies. This led Paul McCartney to produce and host his own documentary about Holly in 1985, titled ''The Real Buddy Holly Story''. This video includes interviews with Keith Richards, Phil and Don Everly, Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, Holly's family, and McCartney himself, among others.

In 1987, Marshall Crenshaw portrayed Buddy Holly in the movie ''La Bamba''. He is featured performing at the Surf Ballroom and boarding the doomed airplane with Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper. Crenshaw's version of "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" is featured on the ''La Bamba'' original motion picture soundtrack.

''Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story'', the Jukebox Musical depicting his life, is credited as being the first of its kind, spawning a breed of jukebox shows, including the likes of 'Mamma Mia'' and 'We Will Rock You''. "Buddy", as it is abbreviated on occasion, is still running in the UK after 22 years, with a UK tour that went out in February 2011.

There are also a number of acts both in the USA (Johnny Rogers, John Mueller) and UK (Marc Robinson, Spencer J etc.) who specialise in bringing the songs of Buddy Holly to life at events across the continents. The best of these present Holly's work with great respect for the man and his life's work.

Personal life

In June 1958, he met Maria Elena Santiago, who worked as a receptionist for Murray Deutch, an executive for New York publisher Peer-Southern Music. Holly managed to have Santiago invited to a luncheon at Howard Johnson's, thanks to Deutch's secretary, Jo Harper. He asked her to have dinner with him that night at P. J. Clarke's. Holly proposed marriage to her on their very first date. "While we were having dinner, he got up and came back with his hands behind his back. He brought out a red rose and said, 'This is for you. Would you marry me?'" He went to her guardian's house the next morning to get her approval. Santiago at first thought he was kidding, but they married in Lubbock on August 15, 1958, less than two months later. "I'd never had a boyfriend in my life. I'd never been on a date before. But when I saw Buddy, it was like magic. We had something special: love at first sight," she told the ''Lubbock Avalanche-Journal'' on what would have been their 50th wedding anniversary. The newlyweds honeymooned in Acapulco.

Maria Elena traveled on tours, doing everything from the laundry to equipment setup to ensuring the group got paid. Although Holly had already begun to become disillusioned with Norman Petty before meeting his bride, it was through Maria Elena and her aunt Provi, who was the head of Latin American music at Peer-Southern, that he began to fully realize what was going on with his manager, who was paying the band's royalties into his own company's account. Many fans became aware of his marriage only after his death.

Lubbock

Holly was based in Lubbock as his career took off between 1956 and 1958. Lubbock has a Walk of Fame with, as its centerpiece, a statue, created by sculptor Grant Speed in 1980, of Holly playing his Fender guitar. Other memorials to Buddy Holly include a street named in his honor and The Buddy Holly Center, which contains a museum of Holly memorabilia as well as a Fine Arts Gallery. In 2010, Grant Speed's statue was taken down for refurbishment, and construction began on a new Walk of Fame. On May 9, 2011, the City of Lubbock held a ribbon cutting ceremony for The Buddy and Maria Elena Holly Plaza, the new home of the statue and the Walk of Fame. The Plaza is within walking distance of the museum.

References

Further reading

Amburn, Ellis (1996). ''Buddy Holly: A Biography''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312145576.

Bustard, Anne (2005). ''Buddy: The Story of Buddy Holly''. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1422393024.

Dawson, Jim; Leigh, Spencer (1996). ''Memories of Buddy Holly''. Big Nickel Publications. ISBN 978-0936433202.

Gerron, Peggy Sue (2008). ''Whatever Happened to Peggy Sue?''. Togi Entertainment. ISBN 978-0980008500.

Goldrosen, John; Beecher, John (1996). ''Remembering Buddy: The Definitive Biography''. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80715-7.

Goldrosen, John (1975). ''Buddy Holly: His Life and Music''. Popular Press. ISBN 0859470180

Gribbin, John (2009). ''Not Fade Away: The Life and Music of Buddy Holly''. London: Icon Books. ISBN 978-1848310346

Dave Laing, Professor. ''Buddy Holly (Icons of Pop Music)''. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-22168-4.

Lehmer, Larry (1997). ''The Day the Music Died: The Last Tour of Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens''. Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 0028647416 or 978-0028647418.

Mann, Alan (1996). ''The A-Z of Buddy Holly''. Aurum Press (2nd edition). ISBN 1854104330 or 978-1854104335.

McFadden, Hugh (2005). ''Elegy for Charles Hardin Holley'', in ''Elegies & Epiphanies''. Belfast: Lagan Press.

Norman, Philip (1996). ''Rave On: The Biography of Buddy Holly''. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684800829 or 978-0684800820.

Peer, Elizabeth and Ralph II (1972). ''Buddy Holly: A Biography in Words, Photographs and Music'' Australia: Peer International. ASIN B000W24DZO.

Peters, Richard (1990). ''The Legend That Is Buddy Holly''. Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 0285630059 or 978-0285630055.

Rabin, Stanton (2009). ''OH BOY! The Life and Music of Rock 'n' Roll Pioneer Buddy Holly''. Van Winkle Publishing (Kindle). ASIN B0010QBLLG.

Tobler, John (1979). ''The Buddy Holly Story''. Beaufort Books.

^ VH1's Behind the Music "The Day the Music Died" interview with Waylon Jennings

External links

Buddy Holly And The Crickets.com

Buddy Holly Lives.info

Listen to Me: Buddy Holly - Songmasters

peermusic presents Maria Elena: My Life with Buddy

Buddy Holly - sessions and cover songs

Telegraph article on the last songs written by Buddy Holly

'The Day the Music Died' at The Death of Rock: The Archive

''Buddy Holly is Alive and Well On Ganymede

Category:1936 births Category:1959 deaths Category:Accidental deaths in Iowa Category:American rock guitarists Category:American rock singers Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1959 Category:Baptists from the United States Category:American people of English descent Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Lubbock High School alumni Category:Musicians from Texas Category:People from Lubbock, Texas Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees Category:Rockabilly Hall of Fame inductees Category:Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Category:The Crickets members Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States Category:Coral Records artists Category:Decca Records artists

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Name	Arthur Murray
Birth name	Moses Teichmann
Birth date	April 04, 1895
Birth place	Podhajce, Kingdom of Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empire
Death date	March 03, 1991
Death place	Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Spouse	Kathryn Kohnfelder Murray, 1906-1999 (widowed)
Occupation	Ballroom dancer, Entrepreneur
Years active	1938–1991
Othername	born Moses Teichmann
Children	Jane Murray (m. Dr. Henry Heimlich) Phyllis Murray (m. Edward Irvine "Ted" McDowell)
Ethnicity	Jewish }}

Arthur Murray (April 4, 1895 – March 3, 1991) was a dance instructor and businessman, whose name is most often associated with the dance studio chain that bears his name.

His pupils include Eleanor Roosevelt, the Duke of Windsor, John D. Rockefeller Jr., Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, Barbara Hutton, Elizabeth Arden, Manuel L. Quezon, and Jack Dempsey. Television evangelist D. James Kennedy was one of the instructors of Murray's technique.

Arthur Murray was inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame in 2007.

Early life and start in dance

Arthur Murray was born in Galicia, Austria-Hungary in 1895 as Moses Teichmann. In August 1897, he was brought to America by his mother Sarah on the ''S.S. Friesland'', and landed at Ellis Island. They settled in Ludlow Street, in the Lower East Side of Manhattan with his father, Abraham Teichmann. In 1912 at the age of 17, he taught dance at night while working as a draftsman by day. He studied under the popular dance team of Irene and Vernon Castle and went to work for them.

Murray was shy as a child and self-conscious about his tall, lanky appearance. He wanted very much to be a part of the social activities that most of his friends enjoyed, particularly the dances, but was afraid to socialize with girls. At the age of 14, Joe Feigenbaum, a friend of his whom he admired because of his popularity with girls, taught him his first dance steps.

To get practice on the dance floor, Murray attended weddings in his neighborhood, where he found willing dance partners of every size and age.

Murray won his first dance contest at the Grand Central Palace, a public dance hall where he later became a part-time dance teacher after graduation from high school. The 1st prize had been a silver cup, but Murray went home without anything to show for his win. His partner of the evening took it; it was destined for a pawnshop. This loss made an impression on Murray, and in later years every winner in his dance contests took home a prize.

In between jobs as a dance instructor, Murray worked as a draftsman at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and as a reporter at the New Haven Register.

He soon began teaching ballroom dancing to the residents of Boston, Massachusetts at the Devereaux Mansion in Marblehead, Massachusetts, before moving to Asheville, North Carolina. At the outbreak of WWI, under pressure of the anti-German feeling prevalent in the US, Teichmann changed to a less German-sounding name.

In 1919 he began studying business administration at Georgia Tech, and he taught ballroom dancing in Atlanta at the Georgian Terrace Hotel. In 1920, Murray organized the world's first "radio dance"; a band on the Georgia Tech campus played "Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech" and other songs, which were broadcast to a group of about 150 dancers (mostly Tech students) situated atop the roof of the Capital City Club in downtown Atlanta.

Murray was inspired by a casual remark made by William Jennings Bryan one evening at the hotel: "... You know, I have a fine idea on how you can collect your money. Just teach 'em with the left foot and don't tell 'em what to do with the right foot until they pay up!"

Murray thought about what Bryan's remark, and devised the idea of teaching dance steps with footprint diagrams supplied by mail. Within a couple of years, over 500,000 dance courses were sold.

On April 24, 1925, Murray married his famous dance partner, Kathryn Kohnfelder (September 15, 1906, Jersey City, New Jersey – August 6, 1999, Honolulu, Hawaii whom he had met at a radio station in New Jersey. She was in the audience while he was broadcasting a dance lesson.

After their marriage, the mail-order business declined and the Murrays opened a dance school offering personal instruction. Their business prospered, especially in 1938 and 1939 when Arthur picked 2 little-known dances, the "Lambeth Walk" and "The Big Apple", and turned them into dance crazes. They were taught at hotel chains throughout the country, and the name "Arthur Murray" became a household word.

There are now hundreds of Arthur Murray studios globally, with specially trained instructors, making Arthur Murray the most successful dance instructor in history.

Arthur and Kathryn Murray had twin daughters, Jane and Phyllis. On June 4, 1951, Jane married Dr. Henry Heimlich who became famous for the Heimlich maneuver in 1974. Phyllis married educator Edward Irvine "Ted" McDowell.

The start of Arthur Murray Studios

His first business was selling dance lessons by mail, using a kinetoscope. Though the idea was successful, he had problems with the business, which failed. His second business was drawing and selling "footprints" which prospective dancers placed on the floor and followed to learn dancing. This mail-order business remained successful. His third business, launched in 1925, involved selling branded dance lessons through franchising. He trained dance instructors for the Statler Hotel chain, who then went to various hotels and gave lessons; Murray kept some of the profits from each franchise.

This business was expanded more widely in 1938, when an Arthur Murray dance studio franchise was opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Others followed. His slogan was: "If you can walk, we teach you how to dance", and the company guaranteed that the pupils learn to dance in ten lessons.

After WWII, Murray's business grew with the rise of interest in Latin dance, and he regularly taught and broadcast in Cuba in the 1950s. Murray went on television with a dance program hosted by his wife, Kathryn Murray, ''The Arthur Murray Party'', which ran from 1950 to 1960, on CBS, NBC, DuMont, ABC, and then on CBS. Among the Arthur Murray dance instructors in the early 1950s was future television evangelist D. James Kennedy, who won first prize in a nationwide dance contest.

The Murrays retired in 1964; but they continued to be active for some time, appearing as guests on the ''Dance Fever'' disco show in the late 1970s. By then, there were more than 3,560 dance studios bearing his name. In 2007, about 220 Arthur Murray Studios remained in operation. Arthur Murray Dance Studios claims to be the second-oldest franchised company (the first, A&W; Restaurants, began in 1919).

Trivia

The Murray name and franchise were featured in the 1942 hit song "Arthur Murray Taught Me Dancing in a Hurry", written by Johnny Mercer and Victor Schertzinger.

Hal Borne and His Orchestra recorded the Mercer-Schertzing song in a Soundie released May 25, 1942 with the Three Murtah Sisters. "The tallest" of the sisters satirizes the tune by doing the rumba as crudely as possible, first in her room, then on the floor with a male partner.

In the film ''The Sky's the Limit'' (1943), when Fred Astaire and Joan Leslie finish a dance number, Joan asks him "Where did you learn to dance like that?" and Astaire answers "Arthur Murray".

In 1946, Desi Arnaz starred in the film ''Cuban Pete'', and recorded a song of the same name, featuring the lyric, "Cuban Pete doesn't teach you in a hurry like Arthur Murray/You're now in Havana, and there's always mañana".

In the ''I Love Lucy'' episode "Little Ricky Gets a Dog", (1957) Lucy tells Ricky that she is receiving Mexican hat dancing lessons from Arthur Murray.

Arthur Murray is mentioned in the 1953 Frank Loesser song "Just Another Polka": "She's got me dancing like I never thought I could,/Oh Arthur Murray never had it so good."

In the 1954 Mark Robson directed film, ''Phffft!'' starring Jack Lemmon, Judy Holliday, and Kim Novak, Jack Lemmon's character (Robert Tracey) is seen walking into an Arthur Murray Dance Studio in New York to work on his Rumba with teacher Merry Anders. A classic dance scene in the movie follows when both Lemmon and Holliday (Nina Tracey) do a rumba and mambo at a nightclub. Later in the film, Lemmon reviews some cancelled checks that Holliday wrote including: "...thirty-nine dollars and forty cents to Arthur Murray Dance Studio?"

In 1957 Buddy Holly and The Crickets performed a live show at the Arthur Murray Dance Party consisting of "That'll Be the Day" and "Peggy Sue" this is the only known live footage of Buddy Holly in his short lifetime.

In the 1960 Billy Wilder film ''The Apartment'' starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley Maclaine, Jack Lemmon's character (C.C."Bud" Baxter) makes two references to Arthur Murray. Bud tells Fran (Shirley Maclaine) that he's been taking lessons at Arthur Murray and later on he introduces himself to Margie (Hope Holiday) by replying to her query that she doesn't know him at all by stating: "Permit me—C.C. Baxter—junior executive, Arthur Murray graduate, lover".

In a dream sequence, "Arthur Murrayrock" seeks help learning Fred's "Frantic" dance in the ''Flintstones'' episode "Shinrock-a-Go-Go."

Arthur Murray is mentioned in the song "Tear-stained Letter" by Richard Thompson. The song appears on Thompson's 1983 album ''Hand of Kindness''.

In an episode of ''Sanford and Son'', when asked to dance, Fred says "I've been told I can't dance." The young lady says, "Aww, arthritis?", to which Fred responds, "No, Arthur Murray."

In the 1987 film ''Dirty Dancing'', Johnny tells Baby that he received his training at the Arthur Murray studios.

A song entitled ''Arthur Murray'' appears on the 1988 Vic Chesnutt album ''The Salesman and Bernadette''.

In the 1995 film ''The American President'', when Sydney Ellen Wade remarks to the President while dancing "I don't know how you do it", the President replies, "It's Arthur Murray. Six lessons."

Arthur Murray is mentioned in the song "Would You Like to Learn to Dance?" by Steve Goodman in 1978. "We can draw the Arthur Murray patterns right here on the floor."

Arthur Murray is mentioned in the song "Whadda Ya Know, We've Got a Show" from the 1961 British movie ''The Young Ones'' starring Cliff Richard....Mr. Arthur Murray we can use you in a hurry."

Arthur Murray is mentioned in ''The West Wing'' episode "He Shall, from Time to Time..." in a conversation between a congressman and Toby Ziegler. The Congressman says, "Personally, I don’t know what to say to people who argue that the N.E.A. is there to support art that nobody wants to pay for in the first place... Arthur Murray didn’t need the N.E.A. to write ''Death of a Salesman''." Toby corrects him by saying, "Arthur Murray taught ballroom dance, and Arthur Miller wrote ''Death of a Salesman''."

In 2011 a local film company in Minneapolis Mn by the name of 4951 Films LLC Produced a thirty second spot for The Arthur Franchise Dance School in Minneapolis Minnesota http://www.4951films.com/samplesarthurmurray.html

References

External links

Arthur Murray Dance Studios

Category:1895 births Category:1991 deaths Category:Dance instructors Category:Dance organizations Category:American Jews Category:Georgia Institute of Technology alumni Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees

fr:Arthur Murray ja:アーサー・マレー simple:Arthur Murray

name	Shane Koyczan
birth name	Shane L. Koyczan
birth date	May 22, 1976
birth place	Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
occupation	Poet and writer
website	}}

Shane L. Koyczan (born 22 May 1976) is a Canadian poet and writer. Born in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Koyczan grew up in Penticton, British Columbia. In 2000, he became the first Canadian to win the Individual Championship title at the US National Poetry Slam. Together with Mighty Mike McGee and C. R. Avery, he is the co-founder of spoken word, "talk rock" trio, Tons of Fun University (T.O.F.U.). In August 2007 Shane Koyczan and his work were the subject of an episode of the television documentary series ''Heart of a Poet'', produced by Canadian filmmaker Maureen Judge for broadcaster Bravo!.

Koyczan has published two books, poetry collection ''Visiting Hours'', and ''Stickboy'', a novel in verse. ''Visiting Hours'' was selected by both the ''Guardian'' and'' Globe and Mail'' for their 2005 Best Books of the Year lists.

Koyczan’s "We Are More" and Ivan Bielinski’s "La première fois", commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission, were unveiled at Canada Day festivities on Parliament Hill in Ottawa on 1 July 2007. Koyczan performed a variation on his piece at the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Koyczan also collaborated on Vancouver-based musician Dan Mangan's ''Roboteering'' EP on the track ''Tragic Turn of Events - Move Pen Move''.

Bibliography

''I'm Calling you friend''

''Help Wanted''

''I Drew That For You''

''Visiting Hours'' (2005, House of Parlance Media; ISBN 978-0973813104)

''Stickboy'' ( 2008, House of Parlance Media ISBN 978-0-9738131-6-6)

Discography

''Perfect''

''2nd Time Around''

''Visiting Hours''

''American Pie Chart''

''Shut Up And Say Something''

With Tons of Fun University (ToFU):

''The Them They're Talking About'' (2005)

''Hard to Tell'' (2009)

As Shane Koyczan and The Short Story Long:

''A Pretty Decent Cape in My Closet'' (2007)

*includes "The Crickets Have Arthritis"

Filmography

''The 2000 National Poetry Slam Finals'' (2000, The Wordsmith Press)

Notes

External links

Shane Koyczan at House of Parlance

Shane Koyczan and the Short Story Long at MySpace

ToFU - Tons of Fun University

Text of "We Are More", as recited at the 2010 Olympics opening

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian poets Category:Writers from British Columbia Category:People from Penticton Category:People from Yellowknife Category:Spoken word poets Category:Writers from the Northwest Territories Category:Canadian spoken word artists

pt:Shane Koyczan

name	Nanci Griffith
background	solo_singer
birth name	Nanci Caroline Griffith
birth date	July 06, 1953
instrument	Vocalist, acoustic guitar
genre	country, folk, singer-songwriter
years active	1978 to present
label	New Door Records, Elektra Records, MCA Records, Rounder Records, Featherbed Records, B.F. Deal Records
associated acts	The Blue Moon OrchestraThe CricketsDarius Rucker The Kennedys
website	http://www.nancigriffith.com
notable instruments	}}

Nanci Griffith, (born Nanci Caroline Griffith, July 6, 1953, Seguin, Texas) is an American singer, guitarist and songwriter from Austin, Texas.

Biography

Griffith's career has spanned a variety of musical genres, predominantly country, folk, and what she terms "folkabilly." Griffith won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 1994 for her recording, ''Other Voices, Other Rooms''. This album features Griffith covering the songs of artists who are her major influences. One of her better-known songs is "From a Distance" by Julie Gold, although Bette Midler's version achieved greater commercial success. Similarly, other artists have occasionally achieved greater success with Griffith's songs than Griffith herself. For example, Kathy Mattea had a country music top five hit with a 1986 cover of Griffith's "Love at the Five and Dime," and Suzy Bogguss had one of her largest hits with Griffith's and Tom Russell's "Outbound Plane."

Griffith's high school boyfriend, John, died in a motorcycle accident after taking her to the senior prom, and subsequently inspired many of her songs. Griffith was married to singer-songwriter Eric Taylor from 1976 to 1982. In the early 1990s, she was engaged to singer-songwriter Tom Kimmel, but the couple parted before marrying. In 1994, Griffith teamed up with Jimmy Webb to contribute the song "If These Old Walls Could Speak" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. Griffith is a survivor of breast cancer which was diagnosed in 1996, and thyroid cancer in 1998.

Griffith has in recent years toured with various other artists including Buddy Holly's band, The Crickets, John Prine, Iris DeMent, Suzy Bogguss and Judy Collins. Griffith has recorded duets with many artists, among them Emmylou Harris, Mary Black, John Prine, Don McLean, Jimmy Buffett, Dolores Keane, Willie Nelson, Adam Duritz (singer of Counting Crows), The Chieftains, and Darius Rucker (singer of Hootie & the Blowfish). She has also contributed background vocals on many other recordings.

Griffith suffered from severe 'writers block' for a number of years after 2004, lasting until the 2009 release of her "The Loving Kind" album which contained nine self-penned or co-written songs.

As well as her own songs Griffith is well-known for her outstanding versions of other people's material, usually by contemporary singer-songwriters.

Band (The Blue Moon Orchestra)

Current members

Nanci Griffith — lead vocals, guitar

Pat McInerney — percussion, vocals

Thomm Jutz — guitar, vocals

Previous band members

James Hooker — keyboards, vocals

Clive Gregson — guitar, vocals

Ron De La Vega — bass, cello

Pete Kennedy — guitar

Maura Kennedy — vocals

Iris DeMent — vocals

Fran Breen — drums

Philip Donnelly — guitar

Le Ann Etheridge — bass guitar, vocals, mandolin

Lee Satterfield — vocals, guitar, mandolin

Lyle Lovett — backing vocals

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Album	Chart Positions			Label
		! width="50"	! width="50"	! width="50"
1978	''There's a Light Beyond These Woods''	—	—	—
1982	''Poet in My Window''	—	—	—
1984	''Once in a Very Blue Moon''	—	—	—
1986	''The Last of the True Believers''	—	—	—
1987	''Lone Star State of Mind''		—	—
	''Little Love Affairs''		—
''One Fair Summer Evening''		—	—
1989
1991	''Late Night Grande Hotel''	—
1993		—
1994		—
1997	''Blue Roses from the Moons''	—
1998	''Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful)''	—		—
1999	''The Dust Bowl Symphony''	—	—	—
2001	''Clock Without Hands''	—
2002	''Winter Marquee''		—	—	Rounder
2004	''Hearts in Mind''	—	—	—	New Door
2006	''Ruby's Torch''	—	—	—
2009		—	—	—

Compilation albums

! Year	! Album	! width="50"	! Label
	''The MCA Years: A Retrospective''	—
''The Best of Nanci Griffith''
1997	''Country Gold''	—
2000	''Wings to Fly and a Place To Be: An Introduction to Nanci Griffith''	—
2001		—
2002	''From a Distance: The Very Best of Nanci Griffith''	—
2003	''The Complete MCA Studio Recordings''	—

Singles

Year	Single	Chart Positions		Album
		! width="50"	CAN Country
1986	"Once in a Very Blue Moon"			''Once in a Very Blue Moon''
	"Lone Star State of Mind"
"Trouble in the Fields"
"Cold Hearts/Closed Minds"
	"Never Mind"
"I Knew Love"
"Anyone Can Be Somebody's Fool"
1989	"It's a Hard Life Wherever You Go"			''Storms''
1991	"Late Night Grande Hotel"			''Late Night Grande Hotel''
1994	"This Heart"			''Flyer''
1995	"Well...All Right" (w/ The Crickets)			''Not Fade Away (Remembering Buddy Holly)''
	"Maybe Tomorrow"
"Gulf Coast Highway"
1999	"These Days in an Open Book"			''The Dust Bowl Symphony''

Awards

Griffith won the 1994 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album for ''Other Voices, Other Rooms''.

Videography

''Bob Dylan: The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration'' Sony VHS (1993)

''Other Voices, Other Rooms'' Elektra Video VHS (1993)

''Winter Marquee'' Rounder/Universal DVD, Widescreen, (2002)

''One Fair Summer Evening...Plus!'' Universal Music & VI DVD, Fullscreen, (2005)

See also

Music of Austin

References

External links

Official web site

Comprehensive Nanci Griffith Discography

Category:1953 births Category:Living people Category:American country singers Category:American folk singers Category:American female singers Category:American feminists Category:American pacifists Category:American singer-songwriters Category:Breast cancer survivors Category:Feminist musicians Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Kerrville New Folk Competition finalists Category:People from Austin, Texas Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:Texas country musicians Category:Fast Folk artists Category:People from Guadalupe County, Texas Category:People from Seguin, Texas

de:Nanci Griffith nl:Nanci Griffith no:Nanci Griffith pt:Nanci Griffith fi:Nanci Griffith sv:Nanci Griffith