Hawkwind

Saturday, 27 October 2012

Hawkwind

HAWKWIND -- Warrior On The Edge Of Time -- 1975

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Barnstaple
Barnstaple () is a town and civil parish in the local government district of North Devon in the county of Devon in England. It lies west southwest of Bristol, north of Plymouth and northwest of the county town of Exeter.
http://wn.com/Barnstaple
Better Books
Better Books was an independent bookstore. It was founded by Tony Godwin and was located at 94 Charing Cross Road, London.
http://wn.com/Better_Books
Brixton Academy
The Brixton Academy, currently officially known as the O2 Academy, Brixton, is one of London's leading music venues, nightclubs and theatres. Situated in Brixton, South London, England, the building has hosted a range of leading rock acts since becoming a music venue in 1983. The maximum capacity is 4,921 (3,760 standing downstairs; 1,083 seated and 78 standing in the circle), alternatively the all-seated capacity is 2,391.
http://wn.com/Brixton_Academy
Compendium Books
Compendium Books was an independent bookstore specialising in experimental literary and theoretical publications.
http://wn.com/Compendium_Books
Glastonbury Festival
http://wn.com/Glastonbury_Festival
Granny Takes a Trip
Granny Takes a Trip was a boutique opened in February 1966 at 488 Kings Road, Chelsea, London, by Nigel Waymouth, his girlfriend Sheila Cohen and John Pearse . The shop, which was acquired by Freddie Hornik in 1969, remained open until the mid-70s and has been called the "first psychedelic boutique in the 'Swinging London' in the 1960s."
http://wn.com/Granny_Takes_a_Trip
Indica Gallery
Indica Gallery was a counterculture art gallery in Mason's Yard (off Duke Street), St. James's, London, England during the late 1960s, in the basement of the Indica Bookshop co-owned by John Dunbar, Peter Asher and Barry Miles. It was supported by Paul McCartney and hosted a show of Yoko Ono's work in November 1966 at which Ono claims she first met John Lennon.
http://wn.com/Indica_Gallery
Ladbroke Grove
Ladbroke Grove is a road in west London, in The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . It is also the name given to the immediate area surrounding the road. Running from Notting Hill in the south to Kensal Green in the north, it is located in North Kensington and straddles the W10 and W11 postal districts. Ladbroke Grove tube station is located on the road, at the point where it is crossed by the Westway. It is also the nearest tube station to Portobello Road Market.
http://wn.com/Ladbroke_Grove
Notting Hill
Notting Hill is an area in west London, England, close to the north-western corner of Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is a cosmopolitan district known as the location for the annual Notting Hill Carnival, the setting for the 1999 film Notting Hill starring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant, and for being home to the Portobello Road Market.
http://wn.com/Notting_Hill
Reading Festival
http://wn.com/Reading_Festival
UFO Club
The UFO Club was a famous but shortlived UK underground club in London during the 1960s, venue of performances by many of the top bands of the day.
http://wn.com/UFO_Club

Adrian "Ade" Shaw
http://wn.com/Adrian_"Ade"_Shaw
Al Jourgensen
Al Jourgensen (born October 9, 1958, in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban-American musician best known as the founder and frontman of the industrial metal band Ministry. He is sometimes credited as Alain Jourgensen, Alien Jourgensen, Hypo Luxa (his alias as a music producer), Dog, Alien Dog Star and Buck Satan. He is a member and/or founder of several industrial rock bands, working as a singer, guitarist or keyboard player.
http://wn.com/Al_Jourgensen
Alan Powell
Alan Powell (born in 1948, in Manchester, Lancashire) is a drummer who was mainly active during the 1970s.
http://wn.com/Alan_Powell
Alexander Trocchi
http://wn.com/Alexander_Trocchi
Barney Bubbles
Colin Fulcher aka Barney Bubbles (30 July 1942 - 14 November 1983) was a radical English graphic artist, whose work primarily encompassed the disciplines of graphic design, painting and music video direction. He is most renowned for his distinctive contribution to the graphic design associated with the British independent music scene during the 1970s and early 1980s. His symbol-laden and riddle-laden record sleeves were his most visible output.
http://wn.com/Barney_Bubbles
Barry Miles
Barry Miles (or "Miles", born 1943, Cirencester, England) is a British author, luminary of the 1960s underground and businessman. In the 1960s, he was co-owner of the Indica Gallery and helped start the International Times.
http://wn.com/Barry_Miles
Bob Cobbing
Bob Cobbing (30 July 1920 - 29 September 2002) was a British sound, visual, concrete and performance poet who was a central figure in the British Poetry Revival.
http://wn.com/Bob_Cobbing
Bob Walker (artist)
Bob Walker is an English artist notable for his work with Hawkwind, including the "Ledge of Darkness" graphic novel and inner sleeve of The Chronicle of the Black Sword Album. Bob Walker currently lives in Melbourne, Australia, where he is collaborating with the Australian space-rock band Sonic Attack.
http://wn.com/Bob_Walker_(artist)
Bridget Wishart
Bridget Wishart (born 25 February 1962) is a vocalist and performance artist who performed with Hawkwind from 1989 to 1991, appearing on the albums Space Bandits, Palace Springs, California Brainstorm and Take Me to Your Future and, among others, the Nottingham 1990 video.
http://wn.com/Bridget_Wishart
Captain Sensible
Captain Sensible (born Raymond Burns, 24 April 1954) is a singer, songwriter, guitarist (and sometimes bassist) who grew up in Croydon, England, and co-founded the punk rock band The Damned in 1976. After leaving the band, he reinvented himself as an alternative pop singer with a rebellious, self-conscious image. His signature headwear is a red beret.
http://wn.com/Captain_Sensible
Caroline Coon
Caroline Coon (born 1945) is an English artist, journalist and political activist. Her artwork, which often explores sexual themes from a feminist standpoint (she is bisexual), has been exhibited at many major London galleries, including the Saatchi Gallery and the Tate.
http://wn.com/Caroline_Coon
Craig Sams
Craig Sams (born 1944) is a UK-based baker, grocer, chocolatier, columnist and author.
http://wn.com/Craig_Sams
Dave Brock
David Anthony "Dave" Brock (born 20 August 1941 in Isleworth, Middlesex, England) is an English singer-songwriter and musician. He plays electric guitar and synthesizer. He is best known as being one of the founders and musical focus of the English space rock group Hawkwind. Brock is the only member of the group to have been a constant throughout the band's history.
http://wn.com/Dave_Brock
David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
http://wn.com/David_Bowie
Dead Fred
Dead Fred (aka Phillip Reeves) is mainly known as the keyboard player in 1980 space rock / hard rock bands Inner City Unit and Hawkwind.
http://wn.com/Dead_Fred
Dick Taylor
'''Richard Clifford 'Dick' Taylor''' (born 28 January 1943, Dartford, Kent, England) is an English musician who was once an early bass guitarist for The Rolling Stones. He left to become an art student at Sidcup Art College and while there formed The Pretty Things in September 1963. Taylor now lives on the Isle of Wight, England.
http://wn.com/Dick_Taylor
Dik Mik
Michael Davies (born Richard Michael Davis, 1943, in Richmond, Surrey, England), better known as Dik Mik, was the electronics operator and keyboardist with Hawkwind. On album credits he was credited as playing keyboards, audio generator, synthesiser or electronics.
http://wn.com/Dik_Mik
Duggie Fields
Duggie Fields is a British artist, born in Tidworth in 1945 and resident in London, in the Earls Court area.
http://wn.com/Duggie_Fields
Edgar Broughton Band
The Edgar Broughton Band, founded in 1968 in Warwick, England, is an English progressive rock group.
http://wn.com/Edgar_Broughton_Band
Felix Dennis
Felix Dennis (born 1947 in Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom) is a British magazine publisher, poet, and philanthropist. His privately owned company, Dennis Publishing, pioneered computer and hobbyist magazine publishing in the United Kingdom. In more recent times the company has added lifestyle titles such as its flagship brand The Week, which is published in Britain, the United States and Australia.
http://wn.com/Felix_Dennis
Germaine Greer
Germaine Greer (born 29 January 1939) is an Australian writer, academic, journalist and scholar of early modern English literature, widely regarded as one of the most significant feminist voices of the later 20th century.
http://wn.com/Germaine_Greer
Greg Sams
Gregory Sams (born 1948) is a UK-based, American-born, fractal artist, social thinker, author, publisher, inventor, macrobioticist and creator of the veggie burger.
http://wn.com/Greg_Sams
Harvey Bainbridge
Harvey Frederick Bainbridge (born 24 September 1949, in Dorset) is a British bass and keyboard player. He is best known as the bass player and keyboard player in Hawkwind.
http://wn.com/Harvey_Bainbridge
Henry Rollins
Henry Rollins (born Henry Lawrence Garfield; February 13, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, raconteur, stand-up comedian, spoken word artist, writer, publisher, actor, radio DJ, and activist.
http://wn.com/Henry_Rollins
High Tide (band)
High Tide was a band formed in 1969 by Tony Hill (guitar, keyboards, and vocals), Simon House (violin and keyboards), Pete Pavli (bass) and Roger Hadden (drums). The trademark of their first album Sea Shanties was the constant battle between the electric guitar of Tony Hill and the electric violin of Simon House. There is hardly a quiet moment on Sea Shanties, the heaviest tracks being "Futilist's Lament" and the instrumental "Death Warmed Up". Stylistically it is a mix of hard rock, psychedelic, blues, folk, and jazz-rock, and is sometimes even cited as the first progressive metal album. [http://www.progarchives.com/album.asp?id=7808#reviews] Allmusic author, Wilson Neate, had this to say of the group, "High Tide had the muscularity of a no-nonsense proto-metal band, but they also ventured into prog territory with changing time signatures and tempos, soft-hard dynamics, multi-part arrangements, and even some ornate faux-Baroque interludes.".
http://wn.com/High_Tide_(band)
Huw Lloyd-Langton
Huw Lloyd-Langton (born Richard Hugh Lloyd-Langton, 6 February 1951, at the Park Royal Hospital, Harlesden, North West London) is an English guitarist, famous as the guitarist for Hawkwind. He also had his own band, the Lloyd Langton Group with bass player Kenny Wilson and drummer John Clark (along Ultravox drummer Warren Cann), and is the session lead guitarist for UK band The Meads of Asphodel.
http://wn.com/Huw_Lloyd-Langton
James Haynes
James Haynes, commonly known as Jim Haynes (born November 10, 1933), was a leading figure in the London "underground" and alternative/counter-culture scene of the 1960s. He was involved with the founding of the paper International Times and the London Arts Lab in Drury Lane for experimental and mixed media work.
http://wn.com/James_Haynes
Jeff Nuttall
Jeff Nuttall (July 8, 1933 – January 4, 2004) was an English poet, publisher, actor, painter, sculptor, jazz trumpeter, anarchist sympathiser and social commentator who was a key part of the British 1960s counter-culture. He was the brother of literary critic A.D. Nuttall.
http://wn.com/Jeff_Nuttall
Joe Boyd
Joe Boyd (born August 5, 1942) is an American record producer and former owner of the Witchseason production company. Boyd was instrumental in launching the careers of Nick Drake, Fairport Convention, and The Incredible String Band.
http://wn.com/Joe_Boyd
John Coulthart
John Coulthart (born March 15, 1962) is a British graphic artist, illustrator, author and designer who has produced book covers and illustrations, CD covers and posters. He is also the author of the critically acclaimed Lovecraft-inspired book The Haunter of the Dark: And Other Grotesque Visions (with an introduction by Alan Moore).
http://wn.com/John_Coulthart
John Peel
http://wn.com/John_Peel
Jonathan Smeeton
Jonathan Smeeton is a British lighting designer who has also worked under the name of Liquid Len.
http://wn.com/Jonathan_Smeeton
Lemmy
http://wn.com/Lemmy
Lene Lovich
Lene Lovich (born 30 March 1949) is an American singer based in England, who first gained attention as part of the New Wave music scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s. Her most popular hit single was "Lucky Number", first released in 1979.
http://wn.com/Lene_Lovich
Liquid Len
http://wn.com/Liquid_Len
Martin Sharp
Martin Sharp (born 1942) is an Australian artist, underground cartoonist, songwriter and film-maker. Sharp has made tremendous contributions to Australian and international culture since the early 60s, and is hailed as Australia's foremost pop artist.
http://wn.com/Martin_Sharp
Matthew Wright
Matthew Wright (born Alexander Wright on 8 July 1965, Croydon) is a British journalist and television presenter.
http://wn.com/Matthew_Wright
Michael Horovitz
:For the American writer and father of Winona Ryder, see Michael Horowitz. For the U.S. sociologist, see Michael G. Horowitz.
http://wn.com/Michael_Horovitz
Michael Moorcock
Michael John Moorcock (born 18 December 1939, in London) is an English writer, primarily of science fiction and fantasy, who has also published a number of literary novels.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moorcock
Mick Farren
'''Michael Anthony 'Mick' Farren''' (born 3 September 1943, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire) is an English journalist, author and singer associated with counterculture and the UK Underground.
http://wn.com/Mick_Farren
Mike Lesser
Mike Lesser (born 1943 in London) is a mathematical philosopher and political activist.
http://wn.com/Mike_Lesser
Nik Turner
Nik Turner (born Nicholas Turner, 28 August 1940, in Oxford, Oxfordshire) is a British musician, best known as a founding member of space rock pioneers Hawkwind. Turner plays saxophones, flute, sings and is a composer. While with Hawkwind, Turner was known for his experimental free jazz stylisations and outrageous stage presence, often donning full makeup and Ancient Egypt-inspired costumes.
http://wn.com/Nik_Turner
Pretty Things
http://wn.com/Pretty_Things
Robert Calvert
Robert Calvert (9 April 1944 - 14 August 1988) was a writer, poet, and musician.
http://wn.com/Robert_Calvert
Robert Heaton
Robert Charles Heaton (July 6, 1961 - November 4, 2004) was the drummer in British rock band New Model Army. Together with Justin Sullivan he was the core of the Bradford based band, originally alongside Stuart Morrow on bass and then later with Jason 'Moose' Harris. He wrote many of NMA's best known compositions, which are still played nowadays at their gigs.
http://wn.com/Robert_Heaton
Robin Farquharson
http://wn.com/Robin_Farquharson
Roy Harper
Roy Harper (born 12 June 1941) is an English rock / folk singer-songwriter / guitarist who has been a professional musician since the mid 1960s. Harper has described American blues musician Leadbelly and folk singer Woody Guthrie as his biggest musical influences when he was growing up. As a musician, Harper is known for his distinctive fingerstyle playing and lengthy, complex compositions. He has released a large catalogue of albums as an artist, most of which are available on his own record label Science Friction.
http://wn.com/Roy_Harper
Samantha Fox
Samantha Karen "Sam" Fox (born 15 April 1966 in Mile End, London) is an English dance-pop singer, actress, and former glamour model. In 1983, at the age of 16, she began appearing as a Page Three girl in The Sun tabloid newspaper, and went on to become one of the most popular glamour models of the era. In 1986, aged 19, she launched her pop music career with her debut single "Touch Me (I Want Your Body)," which became a Number 1 hit in Canada, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, and Sweden, as well as reaching Number 3 on the UK charts and Number 4 in the US. Fox has since sold over 30 million albums worldwide. She has also appeared in a number of films and in several reality television shows.
http://wn.com/Samantha_Fox
Simon House
Simon House (born 29 August 1948 in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England) is a composer and classically trained violinist and keyboard player, perhaps best known for his work with space rock band Hawkwind. His arrival in 1974 introduced a new element to the band's style. He was the first conspicuously trained musician, and the sound which emerged on Hall of the Mountain Grill was a previously unheard, lush chaos which sounded a little like Black Sabbath meets The Moody Blues.
http://wn.com/Simon_House
Soft Machine
Soft Machine were an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S. Burroughs. They were one of the central bands in the Canterbury scene, and helped pioneer the progressive rock genre.
http://wn.com/Soft_Machine
Stacia
Stacia (full name Stacia Blake), born 26 December 1952 in Ireland, was an exotic dancer for the English rock group Hawkwind. She is now a professional artist.
http://wn.com/Stacia
Stephen Abrams
http://wn.com/Stephen_Abrams
Steve Peregrin Took
Steve Peregrin Took (born Stephen Ross Porter, 28 July 1949, Eltham, died 27 October 1980, North Kensington) was an English musician. He is best known for his membership of Tyrannosaurus Rex with Marc Bolan. After his departure from the group, he concentrated on his own singer/songwriting activities, variously as a solo artist or as a frontman for several bands.
http://wn.com/Steve_Peregrin_Took
Storm Thorgerson
Storm Thorgerson (born 1944) is an English graphic designer, known for his work for rock bands like Pink Floyd, 10cc, Dream Theater, The Mars Volta, Muse, and The Cranberries.
http://wn.com/Storm_Thorgerson
Syd Barrett
http://wn.com/Syd_Barrett
Tariq Ali
Tariq Ali (Punjabi, lang-ur|), born 21 October 1943, is a British Pakistani historian, novelist, filmmaker, political campaigner, and commentator. He is a member of the editorial committee of the New Left Review and Sin Permiso, and regularly contributes to The Guardian, CounterPunch, and the London Review of Books.
http://wn.com/Tariq_Ali
The Cure
The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976. The band has experienced several line-up changes, with frontman, vocalist, guitarist and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member. The Cure first began releasing music in the late 1970s with their debut album Three Imaginary Boys (1979); this, along with several early singles, placed the band as part of the post-punk and New Wave movements that had sprung up in the wake of the punk rock revolution in the United Kingdom. During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music helped form the gothic rock genre.
http://wn.com/The_Cure
The Pretty Things
The Pretty Things are an English rock and roll band from London, who originally formed in 1963. They took their name from Bo Diddley's 1955 song "Pretty Thing" and, in their early days, were dubbed by the British press the "uglier cousins of the Rolling Stones". Their most commercially successful period was the mid 1960s, although they continue to perform to this day. David Bowie covered two of their songs on his album Pin Ups.
http://wn.com/The_Pretty_Things
Thomas Crimble
Thomas Crimble (20 March 1798 – 1873) was an English cricketer. Crimble was born in Overton, Hampshire.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Crimble
Tim Blake
'''Timothy 'Tim' Blake''' (born 6 February 1952, at Queen Charlotte's Hospital, Shepherd's Bush, west London), keyboards, vocalist instrumentalist and composer with both Gong, and Hawkwind. Blake is best known for his Synthesizer and Light performances as Crystal Machine, with the French Light Artist Patrice Warrener. They were sometimes joined on keyboards by the young prodigy Jean-Philippe Rykiel.
http://wn.com/Tim_Blake
Tomorrow (band)
Tomorrow (previously known as The In Crowd and before that as Four Plus One) were a 1960s psychedelic rock band. Despite critical acclaim and support from DJ John Peel who featured them on his "Perfumed Garden" radio show, the band was not a great success in commercial terms. They were among the first psychedelic bands in England along with Pink Floyd and Soft Machine. Tomorrow recorded the first ever John Peel show session on BBC Radio 1 on 21 September 1967.
http://wn.com/Tomorrow_(band)
Ubi Dwyer
'''Bill 'Ubi' Dwyer or William Ubique Dwyer''' (21st January 1933 - 13th October 2001) was an anarchist activist in New Zealand, Australia, England and his native Ireland best known as the originator and principal organiser of the Windsor Free Festival.
http://wn.com/Ubi_Dwyer
Wally Hope
http://wn.com/Wally_Hope

Hawkwind BBC4 Documentary - part 1/9

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published: 07 Apr 2007

Hawkwind - Silver Machine

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published: 27 Feb 2009

Hawkwind - Space Is Deep

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published: 13 Dec 2007

HAWKWIND -- Warrior On The Edge Of Time -- 1975

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published: 05 Oct 2011

Hawkwind - Hurry On Sundown - 1969

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published: 27 May 2009

Hawkwind - Spirit Of The Age

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published: 05 Nov 2007

HAWKWIND Master of the Universe

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published: 01 Nov 2007

Hawkwind - Hassan I Sahba

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published: 02 Jul 2009

HAWKWIND BBC DOCUMENTARY

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published: 08 Sep 2011

Hawkwind - Magnu

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published: 26 Apr 2008

Hawkwind - Silver Machine [Live, 1972]

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published: 24 Nov 2009

Hawkwind - Master of the Universe

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published: 09 Oct 2008

Hawkwind - We Took The Wrong Steps Years Ago

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published: 26 Nov 2007

Hawkwind - Moonglum (Friend Without A Cause)

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published: 31 Mar 2008

CINEMA SESSIONS WITH NATHAN & DAKOTA

Nathan Williams and Dakota Roche are the first two Cinema team riders to be featured in "C...

published: 14 Mar 2011

Author: Cinema Wheel Co.

This Is United: Leo Forte Full Video Part HD

It's been a few weeks since the last section, but this week Leo Forte's part from This Is...

published: 21 Mar 2012

Author: Channel 4Down

HAWKWIND - Deathtrap

Soon we will all be "Pushing Up the Daisies" ! Wot with it being 2012 an' all ;-)...

published: 03 Jan 2012

Author: Child of Psi

Levitation Hawkwind

A look at one of my collages made using the traditional scissors and glue technique. All t...

published: 16 Sep 2010

Author: adrian kenyon

Hawkwind Live in Concert (1972) HQ

hawkwind live in concert, paris theatre, london on 29th september 1972, transmitted on the...

published: 07 Apr 2012

Hawkwind - Silver Machine [Live, 1972]

British space rock band Hawkwind performing their #3 hit single Silver Machine in 1972....

published: 24 Nov 2009

Hawkwind - Silver Machine (Live With Lemmy)

"Thankyou, old boy!" Dave Brock, Alan Davey and Richard Chadwick joined by Lemmy...

published: 24 Aug 2011

Hawkwind live @ hmv Oxford Street, London Track 1

Hawkwind played live instore at hmv 150 Oxford Street, London on Tuesday 4th May as part o...

published: 14 May 2010

Hawkwind live at Shepards Bush Empire, London Dec 10th, 2011 Assassins

A long spaced out mid section on Assassins of Allah at this great gig in London. NIce visu...

published: 12 Dec 2011

HAWKWIND LIVE @ A MONSTROUS PSYCHEDELIC BUBBLE 12hr spectacular

HAWKWIND LIVE @ A MONSTROUS PSYCHEDELIC BUBBLE 12hr spectacular-FILMED BY YAGE ( GREEN MAN...

published: 27 Aug 2009

Hawkwind Warriors At The Edge Of Time

Hawkwind performing "Assault And Battery" at the Cubby Bear Lounge in Chicago at...

published: 19 Dec 2006

Magnu - Hawkwind (Live 1985)

Magnu - Hawkwind. From: The Chronicle of the Black Sword tour - 1985. Dave Brock - Guitar/...

published: 16 Jul 2011

Hawkwind - Live @ The Paradiso , Amsterdam , 1977 (complete)

The Paradiso Amsterdam March 11 , 1977...

published: 20 Nov 2011

Hawkwind - Assassins Of Allah (Live 1995) (pro)

Recorded live in concert 1995 during their Alien 4 tour. This is according to me one of th...

published: 22 Jul 2010

Hawkwind - Live At The London Astoria - Dec 2007 - 05 Orgone Accumulator

Hawkwind - Live At The London Astoria - Dec 2007 - 05 Orgone Accumulator...

published: 31 Mar 2012

Hawkwind - Live At The London Astoria - Dec 2007 - 08 Alien I Am

Hawkwind - Live At The London Astoria - Dec 2007 - 08 Alien I Am...

published: 31 Mar 2012

Hawkwind Live@BBC 1972

Hawkwind Live @ The Paris Theatre London 28th September 1972. The only recording of Stacia...

published: 18 Jun 2012

Hawkwind D-Rider Live Chicago 1974.wmv

The '1999' Party is a live album by Hawkwind recorded at the Chicago Auditorium Th...

published: 24 Mar 2010

CINEMA SESSIONS WITH NATHAN & DAKOTA

Nathan Williams and Dakota Roche are the first two Cinema team riders to be featured in "C...

published: 14 Mar 2011

Author: Cinema Wheel Co.

This Is United: Leo Forte Full Video Part HD

It's been a few weeks since the last section, but this week Leo Forte's part from This Is...

published: 21 Mar 2012

Author: Channel 4Down

HAWKWIND - Deathtrap

Soon we will all be "Pushing Up the Daisies" ! Wot with it being 2012 an' all ;-)...

published: 03 Jan 2012

Author: Child of Psi

Levitation Hawkwind

A look at one of my collages made using the traditional scissors and glue technique. All t...

published: 16 Sep 2010

Author: adrian kenyon

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Photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba

Virgin for sale: Website auctions off virginity of college student for $780,000 (Video)

The Examiner

26 Oct 2012

Related topics virgin auctionvirginity auction Advertisement A 20 year-old Brazilian student has sold her virginity for the sum of $780,000 through an online auction on a website simply called Virgins...

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Photo: Creative Commons / Neogeolegend

Kim Jong-il Funeral ceremony .Kim Jong-il died of a suspected heart attack on 17 December 2011 at 08:30 while traveling by train to an area outside Pyongyang.

N. Korean Army General Executed with Mortar for Drinking

Novosti

25 Oct 2012

MOSCOW, October 25 (RIA Novosti) - A high-ranking North Korean Army official was reportedly executed with a mortar round for drinking liquor during the 100-day...

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Photo: US Navy / MCS2 Justin Ailes

Hurricane Sandy makes landfall at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, October 24, 2012.

Slow-moving Hurricane Sandy marches toward East Coast

CNBC

27 Oct 2012

MIAMI (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy pulled away from the Bahamas on Saturday after killing at least 41 people in the Caribbean, beginning a slow march toward the U.S. East Coast where it threatens to...

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Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win

Myanmar Buddhist monks march, protesting against plans to open office of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), in Yangon, Myanmar, Monday, Oct. 15, 2012.

Muslims flee Myanmar as unrest continues

New Straits/Business Times

25 Oct 2012

YANGON: A new wave of sectarian violence in western Myanmar has left five people dead and dozens injured in recent days, triggering another exodus of Muslims to emergency camps, officials said...

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Photo: AP / Collin Reid

Waves, brought by Hurricane Sandy, crash on a house in the Caribbean Terrace neighborhood in eastern Kingston, Jamaica, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012.

Hurricane Sandy growing stronger as it nears Cuba

Yahoo Daily News

25 Oct 2012

HAVANA (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy, growing stronger over warm Caribbean waters, lashed eastern Cuba with heavy rains and rising winds on Wednesday as it bore down on the communist island after...

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Horns Up Ya Shitters! Last Month's Best Metal Reviewed 22 Oct 2012

The Quietus When, lately, the sum of your intellectual pursuits amounts to nothing more than a mild Mythbusters addiction, these intros get harder and harder to come up with – yet somehow I've still learned: 1) That it was fucking great to see Nasum return for one last time. Plenty of people far more...(size: 12.2Kb)

>Music Review: Various Artists - The Prog Collective and The Fusion Syndicate 19 Oct 2012

Seattle Post Released within three months of each other, The Prog Collective and The Fusion Syndicate are essentially sister projects. Former Yes guitarist Billy Sherwood composed all the music for both albums, produced them, and assembled the "dream teams" of seasoned all-star players who performed on...(size: 4.6Kb)

Beyond The Wall: Bo Ningen Interviewed 16 Oct 2012

The Quietus In 2004 a group of former students of the Islington Green School, North London, began litigation against Pink Floyd to try and recover what they said was money owed to them in unpaid royalties. The claimants, now all in their mid-forties were members of the 1979 fourth form music class who added...(size: 9.2Kb)

Eat Lights Become Lights Gig With tQ DJs Tonight 12 Oct 2012

The Quietus North East London’s Eat Lights Become Lights are slowly but surely becoming a live force to be cowered before. With their new album Heavy Electrics they’ve shrugged off the image of musos playing...(size: 1.3Kb)

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Hawkwind
Hawkwind playing at the Monsters of Rock festival in Donington Park in 1982.
Background information
Also known as	Hawkwind Zoo Sonic Assassins Hawklords Psychedelic Warriors Hawkdog Agents Of Chaos Hawkon
Origin	Ladbroke Grove, England
Genres	Space rock, psychedelic rock, protopunk, acid rock, hard rock, progressive rock
Years active	1969–present
Labels	U.A., Charisma, Bronze, RCA/Active, Flicknife, GWR, EBS, Voiceprint
Associated acts	Motörhead, Inner City Unit, Space Ritual, High Tide, Tribe of Cro
Website	www.hawkwind.com
Members
Dave Brock Tim Blake Richard Chadwick Mr Dibs Niall Hone
Past members
See members article

Hawkwind are an English rock band, one of the earliest space rock groups. Their lyrics favour urban and science fiction themes. They are also a noted precursor to punk rock^[1] and now are considered a link between the hippie and punk cultures.^[2]

Formed in November 1969 by singer-songwriter and guitarist Dave Brock, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and styles of music. Critic Jim Green^[3] describes their trademark sound as characterised by "that gargantuan and impenetrable pre-metal/hardcore drone, those great riffs, that inexorable drive to destinations unknown." In the early 1990s, the word "blanga" was coined by Inner City Unit and Robert Calvert guitarist Steve Pond and music critic J. Eric Smith via the Hawkwind Blanga Guide ^[4] to summarize this sound, and the word has become a common descriptive term for the music created by Hawkwind and the bands they have inspired. Dozens of musicians have worked with the group; fantasy and science fiction writer Michael Moorcock was an occasional collaborator.

1 History
2 Influence and legacy
3 Discography
4 Videography
5 Remixes
6 Members
7 Quotation
8 Book references
9 Other references
10 Further reading
11 External links

History [link]

1969: Formation [link]

Dave Brock

Dave Brock and Mick Slattery had been in the London-based psychedelic band Famous Cure, and a meeting with bassist John Harrison revealed a mutual interest in electronic music that kicked off this new venture. Seventeen year old drummer Terry Ollis replied to an advert in one of the music weeklies, while Nik Turner and Michael 'Dik Mik' Davies, old acquaintances of Brock, offered help with transport and gear, but were soon pulled into the band.

Gatecrashing a local talent night at the All Saints Hall, Notting Hill, they were so untogether as to not even have a name, plumping for "Group X" at the last minute, nor any songs, choosing to play an extended 20-minute jam on The Byrds "Eight Miles High".^[5] BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel was in the audience and was impressed enough to tell event organiser, Douglas Smith, to keep an eye on them. Smith signed them up and got them a deal with Liberty Records on the back of a deal he was setting up for Cochise.^[6]

The band settled on the name Hawkwind after briefly being billed as Hawkwind Zoo, Hawkwind being the nickname of Turner derived from his unappealing habit of clearing his throat (hawking) and excessive flatulence (wind).^[7] Another version of the origin of their name says they took it from one of Michael Moorcock's stories.^[8] An Abbey Road session took place recording demos of "Hurry on Sundown" and others (included on the remasters version of Hawkwind), after which Slattery left to be replaced by Huw Lloyd-Langton, who had known Brock from his days working in a music shop selling guitar strings to Brock, then a busker.^[9]

1970-75: United Artists era [link]

Pretty Things guitarist Dick Taylor was brought in to produce the 1970 debut album Hawkwind. Although it was not a commercial success, it did bring them to the attention of the UK underground scene finding them playing free concerts, benefit gigs and festivals. Playing free outside the Bath Festival, they encountered another Ladbroke Grove based band, the Pink Fairies, who shared similar interests in music and recreational activities, a friendship developed which led to the two bands becoming running partners and performing as "Pinkwind". Their use of drugs, however, led to the departure of Harrison, who did not imbibe, to be replaced briefly by Thomas Crimble (about July '70 - March '71) who played on a few BBC sessions, leaving to help organise the Glastonbury Free Festival 1971 and standing in during the band's performance there.^[10] Lloyd-Langton also quit, after a bad LSD trip at the Isle of Wight Festival led to his having a nervous breakdown.^[11]

Their follow up album, 1971's In Search of Space, brought greater commercial success, reaching number 18 on the UK album charts, and also saw the band's image and philosophy take shape, courtesy of graphic artist Barney Bubbles and underground press writer Robert Calvert, as depicted in the accompanying Hawklog booklet which would further be developed into the Space Ritual stage show. Science fiction author Michael Moorcock and dancer Stacia also started contributing to the band. Dik Mik had left the band, replaced by sound engineer Del Dettmar, but chose to return for this album giving the band two electronics players. Bass player Dave Anderson, who had been in the German band Amon Düül II, had also joined and played on the album but departed before its release because of personal tensions with some other members of the band.^[12] Anderson and Lloyd-Langton then formed the short-lived band Amon Din.^[13] Meanwhile, Ollis quit, unhappy with the commercial direction the band were heading in.^[14]

	Hawkwind — Silver Machine noicon 28 seconds (of 4:39)
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

The addition of bassist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister and drummer Simon King propelled the band to greater heights. One of the early gigs this band played was a benefit for the Greasy Truckers at The Roundhouse on 13 February 1972. A live album of the concert Greasy Truckers Party was released, and after re-recording the vocal, a single "Silver Machine" was also released, reaching number 3 in the UK charts. This generated sufficient funds for the subsequent album Doremi Fasol Latido Space Ritual tour. The show featured dancers Stacia and Miss Renee, mime artist Tony Carrera and a light show by Liquid Len and is immortalised on the elaborate package Space Ritual. At the height of their success in 1973, the band released the single "Urban Guerrilla" which coincided with an IRA bombing campaign in London, so the BBC refused to play it and the band's management reluctantly decided to withdraw it fearing accusations of opportunism, despite the disc having already climbed to number 39 in the UK chart.^[15]

Dik Mik departed during 1973 and Calvert ended his association with the band to concentrate on solo projects. Dettmar also indicated that he was to leave the band, so Simon House was recruited as keyboardist and violinist playing live shows, a North America tour and recording the 1974 album Hall of the Mountain Grill. Dettmar left after a European tour, emigrating to Canada, whilst Alan Powell deputised for an incapacitated King on that European tour, but remained giving the band two drummers.

At the beginning of 1975, the band recorded the album Warrior on the Edge of Time in collaboration with Michael Moorcock loosely based on his Eternal Champion figure. However, during a North America tour in May, Lemmy was caught in possession of amphetamine crossing the border from the USA into Canada. The border police mistook the powder for cocaine and he was jailed, forcing the band to cancel some shows. Fed up with his erratic behaviour, the band fired the bass player^[16] replacing him with their long standing friend and former Pink Fairies guitarist Paul Rudolph. Lemmy then teamed up with another Pink Fairies guitarist, Larry Wallis, to form Motörhead, named after the last song he had written for Hawkwind.

1976-78: Charisma era [link]

Robert Calvert made a guest appearance with band for their headline set at the Reading Festival in August 1975, after which he chose to rejoin the band as a full-time vocalist and front man. Stacia, on the other hand, chose to relinquish her dancing duties and settle down to family life. The band changed record company to Tony Stratton-Smith's Charisma Records and, on Tony's suggestion, band management from Douglas Smith to Tony Howard.

1976's Astounding Sounds, Amazing Music is the first album of this era and highlights both Calvert's well crafted lyrics written with stage performance in mind and a greater proficiency and scope in the music. But on the eve of recording the follow-up Back on the Streets single, Turner was sacked for his erratic live playing^[17] and Powell was deemed surplus to requirements. After a tour to promote the single and during rehearsals for the next album, Rudolph was also sacked for allegedly trying to steer the band into a musical direction at odds with Calvert and Brock's vision.^[17]

Adrian "Ade" Shaw, who as the bass player for Magic Muscle had supported Hawkwind on the Space Ritual tour, came in for the 1977 album Quark, Strangeness and Charm. The band continued to enjoy moderate commercial success, but Calvert's mental illness often caused problems. A manic phase saw the band abandon a European tour in France,^[18] while a depression phase during a 1978 North American tour convinced Brock to disband the group.^[19] In between these two tours, the band had recorded the album PXR5 in January 1978, but its release was delayed until 1979.

On 23 December 1977 in Barnstaple, Brock and Calvert had performed a one-off gig with Devon band Ark as the Sonic Assassins, and looking for a new project in 1978, bassist Harvey Bainbridge and drummer Martin Griffin were recruited from this event. Steve Swindells was recruited as keyboard player. The band was named Hawklords, probably for legal reasons having recently split with their management, and recording took place on a farm in Devon using a mobile studio resulting in the album 25 Years On. King had originally been the drummer for the project but quit during recording sessions to return to London, while House, who had temporarily left the band to join a David Bowie tour, elected to remain with Bowie full-time, but nevertheless did contribute violin to these sessions. At the end of the album's UK tour, Calvert, wanting King back in the band, fired Griffin, then promptly resigned himself, choosing to pursue a career in literature.^[20] Swindells left to record a solo album after an offer had been made to him by the record company ATCO.

1980s [link]

In late 1979, Hawkwind reformed with Brock, Bainbridge and King being joined by Huw Lloyd-Langton (who had played on the debut album) and Tim Blake (formerly of Gong), embarking upon a UK tour despite not having a record deal or any product to promote. Some shows were recorded and a deal was made with Bronze Records resulting in the Live Seventy Nine album, quickly followed by the studio album Levitation. However, during the recording of Levitation King quit and Ginger Baker was drafted in for the sessions, but he chose to stay with the band for the tour, during which Tim Blake left to be replaced by Keith Hale.

In 1981 Baker and Hale left after their insistence that Bainbridge should be sacked was declined,^[21] and Brock and Bainbridge elected to handle synthesizers and sequencers themselves with drummer Griffin from the Hawklords rejoining. Three albums, which again saw Michael Moorcock contributing lyrics and vocals, were recorded for RCA/Active: Sonic Attack, the electronic Church of Hawkwind and Choose Your Masques. This band headlined the 1981 Glastonbury Festival and made an appearance at the 1982 Donington Monsters of Rock Festival, as well as continuing to play the summer solstice at Stonehenge Free Festival.

In the early 1980s, Brock had started using drum machines for his home demos and became increasingly frustrated at the inability of drummers to keep perfect time, leading to a succession of drummers coming and going. First, Griffin was ousted and the band tried Simon King again, but unhappy with his playing at that time, he was rejected. Andy Anderson filled in while he was also playing for The Cure, as did Robert Heaton prior to the rise of New Model Army. Lloyd Langton Group drummer John Clark did some recording sessions, Rik Martinez started the Earth Ritual tour but failed to end it, being replaced by Clive Deamer.

Nik Turner had returned as a guest for the 1982 Choose Your Masques tour and was invited back permanently. Further tours ensued with Phil "Dead Fred" Reeves augmenting the line-up on keyboards and violin, but neither Turner nor Reeves would appear on the only recording of 1983/84, The Earth Ritual Preview, but there was a guest spot for Lemmy. The Earth Ritual tour was filmed for Hawkwind's first ever video release, Night of the Hawk.

Alan Davey was a young fan of the band who had sent a tape of his playing to Brock,^[22] and Brock chose to oust Reeves moving Bainbridge from bass to keyboards in order to accommodate Davey. This experimental line-up played at the Stonehenge Free Festival in 1984, which was filmed and release as Stonehenge 84. Subsequent personal and professional tensions between Brock and Turner led to the latter's expulsion at the beginning of 1985.^[23] Clive Deamer, who was deemed "too professional" for the band,^[24] was eventually replaced in 1985 by Danny Thompson Jr, a friend of bassist Alan Davey, and remained almost to the end of the decade.

Hawkwind's association with Moorcock climaxed in their most ambitious project, The Chronicle of the Black Sword, based loosely around the Elric series of books and theatrically staged with Tony Crerar as the central character. Moorcock contributed lyrics, but only performed some spoken pieces on some live dates. The tour was recorded and issued as an album Live Chronicles and video The Chronicle of the Black Sword. A headline appearance at the 1986 Reading Festival was followed by a UK tour to promote the Live Chronicles album which was filmed and released as Chaos. In 1988 the band recorded the album The Xenon Codex with Guy Bidmead, but all was not well in the band and soon after, both Lloyd-Langton and Thompson departed.

Drummer Richard Chadwick, who joined in the summer of '88, had been playing in small alternative free festival bands, most notably Bath's Smart Pils, for a decade and had frequently crossed paths with Hawkwind and Brock. He was initially invited simply to play with the band, but eventually replaced stand in drummer Mick Kirton to become the band's drummer to the present day.

To fill in the gap of lead sound, lost when Lloyd-Langton left, violinist Simon House was re-instated into the lineup in 1989 (having previously been a member from 1974 until 1978), and, notably, Hawkwind embarked on their first US visit in 11 years (since the somewhat disastrous 1978 tour), in which House did not partake. The successfully received full American tour was the first of several over the coming years, in an effort by the band to reintroduce themselves to the American market.

1990s [link]

Bridget Wishart, an associate of Chadwick's from the festival circuit, also joined to become the band's one and only frontwoman. This band produced two albums, 1990s Space Bandits and 1991's Palace Springs and also filmed a 1-hour appearance for the Bedrock TV series.

1990 saw Hawkwind tour the USA again, the second instalment in a series of American visits made at around this time in an effort to re-establish the Hawkwind brand in America. The original business plan was to hold three consecutive US tours, annually, from 1989-1991, with the first losing money, the second breaking even, and the third turning a profit, ultimately bringing Hawkwind back into recognition across the Atlantic. Progress, however, was someone stunted, due to ex-member Nik Turner touring the United States with his own bands at the time, in which the shows were often marketed as Hawkwind.

In 1991 Bainbridge,House and Wishart departed and the band continued as a three piece relying heavily on synthesizers and sequencers to create a wall-of-sound. The 1992 album Electric Tepee combined hard rock and light ambient pieces, while It is the Business of the Future to be Dangerous is almost devoid of the rock leanings. The Business Trip is a record of the previous album's tour, but rockier as would be expected from a live outing. The White Zone album was released under the alias Psychedelic Warriors to distance itself entirely from the rock expectancy of Hawkwind.

A general criticism of techno music at that time was its facelessness and lack of personality, which the band were coming to feel also plagued them.^[25] Ron Tree had known the band on the festival circuit and offered his services as a frontman, and the band duly employed him for the album Alien 4 and its accompanying tour which resulted in the album Love in Space and video Love in Space.

In 1996, unhappy with the musical direction of the band, bassist Davey left, forming his own Middle-Eastern flavoured hard-rock group Bedouin and a Motörhead tribute act named Ace of Spades.^[26] His bass playing role was reluctantly picked up by singer Tree and the band were joined full-time by lead guitarist Jerry Richards (another stalwart of the festival scene, playing for Tubilah Dog who had merged with Brock's Agents of Chaos during 1988) for the albums Distant Horizons and In Your Area. Rasta chanter Captain Rizz also joined the band for guest spots during live shows.

2000s [link]

The concept of a Hawkestra, a reunion event featuring appearances from all past and present members, had originally been intended to coincide with the band's 30th anniversary and the release of the career spanning Epocheclipse – 30 Year Anthology set, but logistical problems delayed it until 21 October 2000. It took place at the Brixton Academy with about 20 members taking part in a 3+ hour set which was filmed and recorded. Guests included Samantha Fox who sang Master of the Universe.^[27] However, arguments and disputes over financial recompense and musical input resulted in the prospect of the event being restaged unlikely, and any album or DVD release being indefinitely shelved.^[28]

The Hawkestra had set a template for Brock to assemble a core band of Tree, Brock, Richards, Davey, Chadwick and for the use of former members as guests on live shows and studio recordings. The 2000 Christmas Astoria show was recorded with contributions from House, Blake, Rizz, Moorcock, Jez Huggett and Keith Kniveton and released as Yule Ritual the following year. In 2001, Davey agreed to rejoin the band permanently, but only after the departure of Tree and Richards.^[29]

Meanwhile, having rekindled relationships with old friends at the Hawkestra, Turner organised further Hawkestra gigs resulting in the formation of xhawkwind.com, a band consisting mainly of ex-Hawkwind members and playing old Hawkwind songs. An appearance at Guilfest in 2002 led to confusion as to whether this actually was Hawkwind, sufficiently irking Brock into taking legal action to prohibit Turner from trading under the name Hawkwind. Turner lost the case and the band now perform as Space Ritual.^[30]

An appearance at the Canterbury Sound Festival in August 2001, resulting in another live album Canterbury Fayre 2001, saw guest appearances from Lloyd-Langton, House, Kniveton with Arthur Brown on "Silver Machine". The band organised the first of their own weekend festivals, named Hawkfest, in Devon in the summer of 2002. Brown joined the band in 2002 for a Winter tour which featured some Kingdom Come songs and saw appearances from Blake and Lloyd-Langton, the Newcastle show being released on DVD as Out of the Shadows and the London show on CD as Spaced Out in London.

In 2005 the long anticipated new album Take Me to Your Leader was released. Recorded by the core band of Brock/Davey/Chadwick, contributors included new keyboardist Jason Stuart, Arthur Brown, tabloid writer and TV personality Matthew Wright, 1970s New Wave singer Lene Lovich, Simon House and Jez Huggett. This was followed in 2006 by the CD/DVD Take Me to Your Future.

The band were the subject of an hour-long television documentary entitled Hawkwind: Do Not Panic that aired on BBC Four as part of the Originals series. It was broadcast on 30 March 2007 and repeated on 10 August 2007. Although Brock participated in its making he did not appear in the programme, it is alleged that he requested all footage of himself be removed after he was denied any artistic control over the documentary.^[31]^[32] In one of the documentary's opening narratives regarding Brock, it is stated that he declined to be interviewed for the programme because of Nik Turner's involvement, indicating that the two men have still not been reconciled over the xhawkwind.com incident.

June 2007 saw the official departure of Alan Davey, who left to perform and record with two new bands: Gunslinger and Thunor. He was replaced by "Mr Dibs", a long-standing member of the road crew and bassist for the bands Spacehead and Krel (who had supported Hawkwind during 1992). The band performed at their annual Hawkfest festival and headlined the US festival NEARfest and played gigs in PA and NY. At the end of 2007, Tim Blake once again joined the band filling the lead role playing keyboards and theremin. The band played 5 Christmas dates, the London show being released as an audio CD and video DVD under the title Knights of Space.

In January 2008 the band reversed its anti-taping policy, long a sore-point with many fans, announcing that it would allow audio recording and non-commercial distribution of such recordings, provided there was no competing official release.^[33] At the end of 2008, Atomhenge Records (a subsidiary of Cherry Red Records) commenced the re-issuing of Hawkwind's back catalogue from the years 1976 through to 1997 with the release of two triple CD anthologies Spirit of the Age (anthology 1976-84) and The Dream Goes On (anthology 1985-97).^[34]

On 8 September 2008 keyboard player Jason Stuart died due to a brain haemorrhage. In October 2008, guitarist Niall Hone (former Tribe of Cro) joined Hawkwind for their Winter 2008 tour, along with returning synth/theremin player Tim Blake. Niall also plays bass guitar alongside Mr Dibs in the live set, on tracks such as Angels of Death and Magnu. Niall's bass sound (Music Man StingRay bass with a Marshall guitar stack) and style is very different to Mr Dibs, as he uses heavy distortion and psychedelic effects to complement the already heavy bass sound of Mr. Dibs, often playing lead bass. Mr. Dibs has a very solid heavy punky style, using an Ovation Magnum Bass, and an Eastwood Magnum copy, with a Marshall VB400 amp with 8x10 stack. Niall and Mr. Dibs also use Macbook Pros for live electronic improvisation running Ableton Live software, allowing them to manipulate, mix and effect a vast array of sounds and samples in with the overall sound.

In 2009, the band began occasionally featuring Jon Sevink, from The Levellers as guest violinist at some shows. Later that year, Hawkwind embarked on a winter tour to celebrate the bands 40th anniversary including two sold out gigs on 28 and 29 August to mark the date of the first ever Hawkwind gig, and in 2010, held Hawkfest on the Isle Of Wight on the site of the original IOW Festival, on the 40th anniversary of their first ever festival appearance.

2010s [link]

On 21 June 2010, Hawkwind released a studio album entitled Blood of the Earth.^[35] In December 2010, Hawkwind embarked on a UK tour to support the album.

Although Niall Hone was initially employed as a guitarist, he took on more duties on bass guitar (he had played bass from an early age in many bands such as Mandragon and The Captain Sensible Band, and jammed with Dave Brock in the late 1980s in Alan Davey's absence) and since May 2011, he has been playing bass for most of the live shows. Mr. Dibs has moved to more of a lead singer role, while also playing cello on 2012 dates.

2011 saw the band tour Australia for a second time, and play a series of festivals in Europe, including Sweden Rock Festival. A small UK tour was held December. April 2012 saw the release of a new album, Onward, on the Plastichead arm, Eastworld Records. Keyboardist Dead Fred rejoined Hawkwind for the 2012 tour in support of Onward.

Influence and legacy [link]

Hawkwind have been cited as an influence by artists such as Al Jourgensen of Ministry,^[36] Monster Magnet,^[37] the Sex Pistols (who covered "Silver Machine"^[38]), Henry Rollins of Black Flag,^[39] and Ozric Tentacles.^[40]

Discography [link]

For more details on this topic, see Hawkwind discography.

Studio albums
1970 Hawkwind
1971 In Search of Space
1972 Doremi Fasol Latido
1974 Hall of the Mountain Grill
1975 Warrior on the Edge of Time
1976 Astounding Sounds, Amazing Music
1977 Quark, Strangeness and Charm
1978 25 Years On — Hawklords
1979 PXR5
1980 Levitation
1981 Sonic Attack
1982 Church of Hawkwind
1982 Choose Your Masques
1985 The Chronicle of the Black Sword
1988 The Xenon Codex
1990 Space Bandits
1992 Electric Tepee
1993 It Is the Business of the Future to Be Dangerous
1995 White Zone — Psychedelic Warriors
1995 Alien 4
1997 Distant Horizons
1999 In Your Area — live and studio
2000 Spacebrock — Dave Brock solo
2005 Take Me to Your Leader
2006 Take Me to Your Future
2010 Blood of the Earth
2012 Onward^[41]

Live albums
1973 Space Ritual
1978 Live 78 - Hawklords
1980 Live Seventy Nine
1986 Live Chronicles
1991 Palace Springs
1994 The Business Trip
1996 Love in Space
1999 Hawkwind 1997
2001 Yule Ritual
2002 Canterbury Fayre 2001
2004 Spaced Out in London
2008 Knights of Space

Archive albums
1980 The Weird Tapes (1969–1983)
1983 The Text of Festival (1970–1971)
1983 Zones (1980 and 1982)
1984 This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic (1980 and 1984)
1984 Bring Me the Head of Yuri Gagarin (1973)
1984 Space Ritual Volume 2 (1972)
1985 Hawkwind Anthology (1967–1982)
1987 Out & Intake (1982 and 1986)
1991 BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert (1972)
1992 The Friday Rock Show Sessions (1985)
1992 Hawklords Live (1978)
1992 California Brainstorm (1990)
1995 Undisclosed Files Addendum (1984 and 1988)
1997 The 1999 Party (1974)
1999 Glastonbury 90 (1990)
1999 Choose Your Masques: Collectors Series Volume 2 (1982)
1999 Complete '79: Collectors Series Volume 1 (1979)
2000 Atomhenge 76 (1976)
2002 Live 1990 (1990)
2008 Minneapolis, 4 October 1989 (1989)
2008 Reading University, 19 May 1992 (1992)
2009 Live '78 (1978)

Videography [link]

For more details on this topic, see Hawkwind videography.

1984 – Night of the Hawks – 60min concert
1984 – Stonehenge (Various Artists video) – 60min concert with The Enid and Roy Harper
1984 – Stonehenge - 60min concert
1985 – The Chronicle of the Black Sword – 60min concert
1986 – Bristol Custom Bike Show – 15min concert with Voodoo Child
1986 – Chaos - 60min concert
1989 – Treworgey Tree Fayre – 90min concert
1990 – Nottingham – 60min TV concert
1990 – Bournemouth Academy – 90min concert
1992 – Brixton Academy – 123min concert
1995 – Love in Space – 90min concert
2002 – Out of the Shadows – 90min concert
2008 – Knights of Space – 90min concert

Remixes [link]

1993 - Remixes - Spirit Of The Age - Solstice Mixes (4-Real Records, 4R1) 12" & CD single
1996 - Remixes - Future Reconstructions - Ritual Of The Solstice (Emergency Broadcast System Records, EBS117) 2x12" & CD album
1999 - Remixes - Silver Machine - Infected By The Scourge Of The Earth (EMI, DECLIPSE1999) 12" & CD single
2000 - Remixes - The Hawkwind Remix Project (Unknown,WARLORD777CD) CD album

Members [link]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Hawkwind band members.

Dave Brock – vocals, electric guitar, keyboards (1969–present)
Niall Hone – bass guitar, electric guitar, sampling, synthesis and keyboards (2008–present)
Tim Blake – keyboards, vocals (1979–80; 2000–02; 2007–present)
Richard Chadwick – drums, vocals (1988–present)
Mr Dibs – vocals, bass guitar (2007–present)

Quotation [link]

Former member, Nik Turner, stated in 1972 -

“

We wanted to play the Windsor Sex Olympics but only half the band turned up.

”

NME - September 1972^[42]

Book references [link]

Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-201-2.
Scaruffi, Piero (2003). A History of Rock Music:1951-2000. ¡Universe, Inc.. ISBN 0-595-29565-7.

Other references [link]

^ Buckley 2003, p. 403, "The addition of Simon House(violin/keyboards) in 1974 mellowed the musical assault without damaging the fabric, but with proto-punk Lemmy on the bass the demands of heavy rock would always be satisfied."
^ Scaruffi 2003, pg. 114, "Hawkwind (2) invented "space-rock", a hybrid of hard-rock and acid-rock that united the sonic power of the former and the free improvisation of the latter (and Robert Calvert's sci-fi visions). X In Search Of Space (1971) and Doremi Falso Latido (1972), summarized on their Space Ritual (1973), refined the idea, but theirs was a cult phenomenon that focused mostly on live performance (somewhat similar to what had happened in the USA with the Grateful Dead) while boasting the frenzied, noisy attitude of the MC5. Hawkwind's gargantuan sound also represents a natural (no matter how demented) liaison between hippy culture and punk culture."
^ "Hawkwind". TrouserPress.com. http://trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=hawkwind. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ "BLANGA: In Praise of a New Hawkwind Album". Indiemoines.com. http://indiemoines.com/2012/05/07/blanga-in-praise-of-a-new-hawkwind-album/. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
^ Mick Slattery — www.spaceritual.net
^ Douglas Smith — Philm Freax presents...
^ Mojo, September 1999 — The Egos Have Landed
^ "Why the great rock'n'roll novel is so elusive". The Independent (London). 14 August 2005. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/why-the-great-rocknroll-novel-is-so-elusive-502870.html.
^ Vintage Guitar Magazine, February 2003 — Huw Lloyd-Langton… Gets on the move again — www.huwlloyd-langton.co.uk
^ Nik Turner - Glastonbury, 40 Years On
^ Mojo, September 1999 — The Egos Have Landed — www.starfarer.net
^ Hawkwind Family Tree, Pete Frame 1979
^ Ptolemaic Terrascope talks to Huw Lloyd-Langton, 1992
^ The Saga of Hawkwind (pp95) — Carol Clerk
^ NME, 1 September 1973 — News www.hawkwindmuseum.co.uk
^ NME, 28 June 1975 — The Trials Of Lemmy —
^ ^a ^b Hawkwind Family Tree, Pete Frame 1979
^ NME, 12 November 1977 — Hawklord in KGB Wedding Affair — Jon's Attic
^ This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic, Chapter 6 — Kris Tait
^ Aural Innovations, Issue 18 — Working Down A Diamond Mine
^ This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic, Chapter 7 — Kris Tait
^ Hawkfan 13 — A Chat With Alan Davey — www.hawkwindmuseum.co.uk
^ Mojo, December 2005 — Hello Goodbye — www.starfarer.net
^ Music UK, March 1985 — Hawkwind — HawkFanFare
^ The Saga of Hawkwind (pp413) — Carol Clerk
^ The Saga of Hawkwind (pp418) — Carol Clerk
^ BBC Suffolk Feature - Hawkwind: The Leader Speaks
^ The Saga of Hawkwind, Chapter 30: The Great Hawkestra Disaster — Carol Clerk
^ The Saga of Hawkwind (pp486) — Carol Clerk
^ The Saga of Hawkwind, Chapter 32: The Hawkwars — Carol Clerk
^ BBC 6 Music, Freakzone, 4 February 2007 — Nik Turner interview
^ Cumming, Tim (30 March 2007). "Hawkwind: They're still feeling mean". The Independent. http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/music/features/article2403301.ece
^ "trade rules". Hawkwind Museum. 2008-01-16. http://www.hawkwindmuseum.co.uk/trading%20rules.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
^ Atomhenge Records
^ Eastworld Recordings Sign HAWKWIND; Blood Of The Earth Details Revealed, E-Card Available
^ Posted 12/15/05. ""Al Jourgensen - Part 1" | Interview | VH1.com". Vh1classic.com. http://www.vh1classic.com/view/playlist/1518001/69502/VH1_Classic_Q_A_Al_Jourgensen/Al_Jourgensen_Part_1/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ "Sex Pistols cover Hawkwind, Jonathan Richman at Summercase | News". Nme.Com. 2008-07-20. http://www.nme.com/news/sex-pistols/38286. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ "Hawkwind tickets – Buy Hawkwind concert tickets on". Seatwave.com. http://www.seatwave.com/hawkwind-tickets/season. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ "Tyne - Entertainment - Hawkwind @ Tyne Theatre". BBC. 2004-12-04. http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/articles/2004/12/06/hawkwind_event_feature.shtml. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
^ "Hawkwind Mission Control". Hawkwind.com. http://www.hawkwind.com/. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 242. ISBN 0600576027. CN 5585.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hawkwind

Official band website
Starfarer's Hawkwind page
Hawkwind Files Comprehensive discography
Hawkeye On Hawkwind
Scot Heller's Review of the Hawkestra Concert
Hawkwind at the Windsor Free Festival
Hawkwind at the Stonehenge Free Festival
Hawkwind at the The Oval 1972
Philm Freax: Hawkwind X-In Search of Space Original photos by Philm Freax.

v t e Hawkwind

Dave Brock Tim Blake Mr Dibs Richard Chadwick Niall Hone John Harrison Terry Ollis Michael 'Dik Mik' Davies Nik Turner Huw Lloyd-Langton Dave Anderson Del Dettmar Robert Calvert Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister Simon King Simon House Alan Powell Paul Rudolph Thomas Crimble Adrian Shaw Harvey Bainbridge Steve Swindells Martin Griffin Ginger Baker Keith Hale Alan Davey Danny Thompson Jr Bridget Wishart Ron Tree Jerry Richards Jason Stuart

Studio albums	Hawkwind X in Search of Space Doremi Fasol Latido Hall of the Mountain Grill Warrior on the Edge of Time Astounding Sounds, Amazing Music Quark, Strangeness and Charm 25 Years On PXR5 Levitation Sonic Attack Church of Hawkwind Choose Your Masques The Chronicle of the Black Sword The Xenon Codex Space Bandits Electric Tepee It Is the Business of the Future to Be Dangerous White Zone Alien 4 Distant Horizons In Your Area Spacebrock Take Me to Your Leader Take Me to Your Future Blood of the Earth Onward

Live albums	Space Ritual Live Seventy Nine Live Chronicles Palace Springs The Business Trip Love in Space Hawkwind 1997 Yule Ritual Canterbury Fayre 2001 Spaced Out in London Knights of Space

Archive albums	The Weird Tapes Hawkwind, Friends and Relations The Text of Festival Zones This Is Hawkwind, Do Not Panic Bring Me the Head of Yuri Gagarin Space Ritual Volume 2 Hawkwind Anthology Out & Intake BBC Radio 1 Live in Concert The Friday Rock Show Sessions Hawklords Live California Brainstorm Undisclosed Files Addendum The 1999 Party Glastonbury 90 Choose Your Masques: Collectors Series Volume 2 Complete '79: Collectors Series Volume 1 Atomhenge 76 Live 1990

Compilation albums	Roadhawks Masters of the Universe Repeat Performance Angels of Death The Collection (Castle 1986) Spirit of the Age Stasis (The UA Years 1971 – 1975) Tales from Atom Henge Epocheclipse Masters of Rock The Collection (EMI 2006) Spirit of the Age Anthology The Dream Goes On

Singles	"Hurry on Sundown" "Silver Machine" "Urban Guerrilla" "Psychedelic Warlords" "Kings of Speed" "Kerb Crawler" "Back on the Streets" "Quark, Strangeness and Charm" "Psi Power" "25 Years" "Shot Down in the Night" "Who's Gonna Win The War?" "Angels of Death" The Earth Ritual Preview EP "Needle Gun" "Zarozinia" Decide Your Future EP Quark, Strangeness and Charm EP Area S4 EP "Love In Space" "Spirit of the Age"

Related articles	Discography Members Videography Barney Bubbles Liquid Len Stacia Sonic Assassins Hawklords Bob Walker· John Coulthart Hawkfest Space Ritual (band) Michael Moorcock

v t e British Underground

People	Stephen Abrams Nicholas Albery Tariq Ali Jim Anderson Edward Barker Syd Barrett Mark Boyle Joe Boyd Barney Bubbles Bob Cobbing Caroline Coon Felix Dennis Robin Farquharson Mick Farren Duggie Fields Germaine Greer Hapshash and the Coloured Coat Jim Haynes Wally Hope John 'Hoppy' Hopkins Michael Horovitz Peter Jenner & Andrew King Mike Lesser Niall McDevitt Tom McGrath John Michell Barry Miles Richard Neville Jeff Nuttall John Peel Aubrey Powell Sid Rawle Craig Sams Gregory Sams Martin Sharp Nicholas Saunders Storm Thorgerson Steve Peregrin Took Alexander Trocchi Heathcote Williams Ubi Dwyer

Publications	Alternative London Brighton Voice Children of Albion: Poetry of the Underground in Britain The Black Dwarf Friends Gandalf's Garden Gay News Ink International Times The Mersey Sound Oz Schoolkids OZ Peace News Seed - The Journal of Organic Living Spare Rib

Bands	AMM Arthur Brown Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band Edgar Broughton Band Delivery The Deviants Fairport Convention Family Gong Hawkwind The Incredible String Band Pink Fairies Pink Floyd The Pretty Things The Purple Gang Quintessence Soft Machine Third Ear Band Tomorrow

Events	International Poetry Incarnation The 14 Hour Technicolour Dream Phun City Windsor Free Festival

Other	Arts Lab Better Books BIT Compendium Books Games for May Granny Takes a Trip Indica Gallery London Free School London Film-Makers' Co-op Mr. Freedom (London) Release Seed Macrobiotic Restaurant UFO Club

See also	British Poetry Revival Counterculture English underground Freak scene Youth subculture

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This article is about the musician. For other uses, see The Edge (disambiguation).

The Edge

Background information
Birth name	David Howell Evans
Born	(1961-08-08) 8 August 1961 (age 50) Barking, Essex, England, United Kingdom
Origin	County Dublin, Ireland
Genres	Rock, post-punk, alternative rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, activist
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, keyboards, piano, bass guitar
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Island, Mercury
Associated acts	U2, Passengers
Website	www.u2.com
Notable instruments
Gibson Explorer Fender Stratocaster Gibson Les Paul Fender Telecaster Gretsch Country Gentleman Gretsch White Falcon Rickenbacker 330/12

David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), more widely known by his stage name The Edge (or just Edge),^[1] is a musician best known as the guitarist, backing vocalist, and keyboardist of the Irish rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 12 studio albums with the band and has released one solo record. As a guitarist, The Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a rhythmic delay effect yields a distinctive ambient, chiming sound that has become a signature of U2's music.

The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, but was raised in Ireland after moving there as an infant. In 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, he formed U2 with his fellow students and his older brother Dik. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements, the group began to write its own material. They eventually became one of the most popular acts in popular music, with successful albums such as 1987's The Joshua Tree and 1991's Achtung Baby. Over the years, The Edge has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style, including American roots music, industrial music, and alternative rock. With U2, The Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, and occasionally contributed lyrics. The Edge met his second and current wife, Morleigh Steinberg, through her collaborations with the band.

As a member of U2 and as an individual, The Edge has campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes. He co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate Bono on several projects, including songs for Roy Orbison and Tina Turner, and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and the Royal Shakespeare Company's London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine placed him at number 38 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

1 Personal life
2 Music style
3 Solo recordings
4 Musical equipment
5 Philanthropy
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Personal life [link]

The Edge at a U2 concert in Anaheim (2005)

David Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital,^[2] Essex, England to Welsh parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans.^[1] When he was one, his family moved to County Dublin, Ireland where he attended St Andrew's National School. He received piano and guitar lessons and often performed with his brother Dik Evans before they both answered an advertisement posted by Larry Mullen, Jr. at their school, Mount Temple Comprehensive School, seeking musicians to form a band.^[3] The band accepted both of them. This band went through several incarnations before emerging as U2 in March 1978 (Dik Evans left the band just before the name change).^[3] U2 began performing in various venues in Ireland and eventually began developing a following. Their debut album, Boy, was released in 1980.

In 1981, leading up to the October tour, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, but he decided to stay.^[3] During this period, he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers, in which bandmates Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved.^[4] Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music that later became "Sunday Bloody Sunday".^[3] The Edge married his high school girlfriend Aislinn O'Sullivan on 12 July 1983.^[5] The couple had three daughters together: Hollie in 1984, Arran in 1985 and Blue Angel in 1989.^[4] The couple separated in 1990, but were unable to get officially divorced because of Irish laws regarding marriage annulment; divorce was legalised in 1995 and the couple were legally divorced in 1996.^[4]

In 1993, The Edge began dating Morleigh Steinberg, a professional dancer and choreographer employed by the band as a belly dancer during the Zoo TV Tour. They had a daughter, Sian (born 1997), and a son, Levi (born 25 October 1999),^[4] before marrying on 22 June 2002.^[4] He appeared in the 2009 music documentary film It Might Get Loud.^[6] The Edge has been criticized for his efforts to build five luxury mansions on a 156 acre plot of land in Malibu, California.^[7] The California Coastal Commission voted 8-4 against the plans, with the project described by the commission's executive director, Peter Douglas, as "In 38 years...one of the three worst projects that I've seen in terms of environmental devastation...It's a contradiction in terms – you can't be serious about being an environmentalist and pick this location."^[7] The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy agreed to remain neutral on the issue following a $1 million donation from The Edge and a commitment from The Edge to designate 100 acres of the land as open space for public footpaths.^[7]

Music style [link]

"Notes actually do mean something. They have power. I think of notes as being expensive. You don't just throw them around. I find the ones that do the best job and that's what I use. I suppose I'm a minimalist instinctively. I don't like to be inefficient if I can get away with it. Like on the end of 'With or Without You'. My instinct was to go with something very simple. Everyone else said, 'Nah, you can't do that.' I won the argument and I still think it's sort of brave, because the end of 'With or Without You' could have been so much bigger, so much more of a climax, but there's this power to it which I think is even more potent because it's held back... ultimately I'm interested in music. I'm a musician. I'm not a gunslinger. That's the difference between what I do and what a lot of guitar heroes do."

—The Edge in 1991.^[8]

Guitar playing [link]

As a guitar player, The Edge has a sound typified by a low-key playing style, a chiming, shimmering sound (thanks in part to the sound of VOX AC-30s) that he achieves with extensive use of delay effects and reverb. The feedback delay is often set to a dotted eighth note (3/16 of a measure), and the feedback gain is adjusted until a note played repeats two or three times.^{[citation needed]}

On 1987's The Joshua Tree, The Edge often contributes just a few simple lead lines given depth and richness by an ever-present delay. For example, the introduction to "Where the Streets Have No Name" is simply a repeated six-note arpeggio, broadened by a modulated delay effect. The Edge has said that he views musical notes as "expensive", in that he prefers to play as few notes as possible. He said in 1982 of his style,

"I like a nice ringing sound on guitar, and most of my chords I find two strings and make them ring the same note, so it's almost like a 12-string sound. So for E I might play a B, E, E and B and make it ring. It works very well with the Gibson Explorer. It's funny because the bass end of the Explorer was so awful that I used to stay away from the low strings, and a lot of the chords I played were very trebly, on the first four, or even three strings. I discovered that through using this one area of the fretboard I was developing a very stylized way of doing something that someone else would play in a normal way."^[9]

Many different influences have shaped The Edge's guitar technique.^{[citation needed]} His first guitar was an old acoustic guitar that his mother bought him at a local flea market for only a few pounds; he was nine at the time. He and his brother Dik Evans both experimented with this instrument.^[9] He said in 1982 of this early experimentation, "I suppose the first link in the chain was a visit to the local jumble sale where I purchased a guitar for a pound. That was my first instrument. It was an acoustic guitar and me and my elder brother Dik both played it, plonking away, all very rudimentary stuff, open chords and all that."^[9] The Edge has stated that many of his guitar parts are based around guitar effects. This is especially true from the Achtung Baby era onwards, although much of the band's 1980s material made heavy use of echos.

Vocals [link]

The Edge in June 2005

The Edge also supplies the backing vocals for U2. U2's 1983 live album and video release, Under a Blood Red Sky and Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky are good reference points for his singing (as are the live DVDs from the Elevation Tour, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle and Elevation 2001: Live from Boston). For example, he sings the chorus to "Sunday Bloody Sunday" (Bono harmonizes on the final 'Sunday'). U2 used this tradeoff technique later in "Bullet the Blue Sky" as well. His backing vocals are sometimes in the form of a repeated cry; examples of songs that use this approach include "Beautiful Day", "New Year's Day" and "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)". Another technique he uses in his backing vocals is the falsetto, in songs such as "Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of", "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own", "A Man and a Woman", "The Wanderer", live versions of "The Fly", and "Window in the Skies".

The Edge sings the lead vocal on "Van Diemen's Land" and "Numb", the first half of the song "Seconds", dual vocals with Bono in "Discotheque", and the bridge in the song "Miracle Drug".^[4] He also sings the occasional lead vocal in live renditions of other songs (such as "Sunday Bloody Sunday" during the PopMart Tour and "Party Girl" during the Rotterdam Zoo TV show when it was Bono's birthday).^[10] He also plays a solo acoustic version of the song "Love is Blindness" that is featured in the documentary film From the Sky Down.

Other instruments [link]

He has played piano and keyboards on many of the band's songs, including "I Fall Down", "October", "So Cruel", "New Year's Day", "Running to Stand Still", "Miss Sarajevo", "The Hands that Built America", and "Original of the Species" and others. He plays the organ on "Please". In live versions of "New Year's Day", "The Unforgettable Fire", "Your Blue Room", and "Moment of Surrender", he plays both the piano and guitar parts alternately. In most live versions of "Original of the Species," piano is the only instrument played during the song. Although The Edge is the band's lead guitarist, he occasionally plays bass guitar, including the live performances of the song "40" where The Edge and bassist Adam Clayton switch instruments.

Solo recordings [link]

In addition to his regular role within U2, The Edge has also recorded with such artists as Johnny Cash, B. B. King, Tina Turner, Ronnie Wood, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. The Edge connected with Brian Eno and Lanois collaborator Michael Brook (the creator of the infinite guitar, which he regularly uses), working with him on the score to the film Captive (1986). From this soundtrack the song "Heroine", the vocal of which was sung by a young Sinéad O'Connor was released as a single.

He also created the theme song for season one and two of The Batman. He and fellow U2 member, Bono, wrote the lyrics to the theme of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye. The Edge, along with bandmate Bono, recently composed a musical adaptation of Spider-Man. On May 25, 2011, a single titled Rise Above 1: Reeve Carney Featuring Bono and The Edge was released digitally.^[11] The music video was released on July 28, 2011.^[12]

Musical equipment [link]

Edge's 1964 Vox AC30 on stage in Foxborough for the U2 360° Tour.

The Edge plays electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, piano, bass guitar (on "40" and "Race Against Time") and lap steel guitar. Compared to many lead guitarists, The Edge is known for using many more guitars during a show. According to his guitar tech Dallas Schoo, a typical lead guitarist uses four or five different guitars in one night, whereas The Edge takes 45 on the road, and uses 17 to 19 in one 2.5-hour concert. He is estimated to have more than 200 guitars in the studio.^{[citation needed]}

Philanthropy [link]

In 2005, The Edge along with Bob Ezrin and Henry Juszkiewicz co-founded Music Rising, a charity that helped provide replacement instruments for those that were lost in Hurricane Katrina. The instruments were originally only replaced for professional musicians but they soon realized the community churches and schools needed instruments as well. The charity's slogan is "Rebuilding the Gulf Region note by note" and has so far helped over a hundred musicians who were affected by Hurricane Katrina. The Edge also serves on the board of the Angiogenesis Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to improving global health by advancing angiogenesis-based medicine, diets, and lifestyle.^[13]

References [link]

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b McCormick (2006), p. 21
^ Dunphy (1988), p. 70
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d McCormick (2006), pp. 117–120
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "The Edge biography (@U2)". http://www.atu2.com/band/edge/. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
^ McCormick (2006), p. 144
^ "It Might Get Loud". http://www.sonyclassics.com/itmightgetloud/. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "U2 star's plans push Malibu over the edge". The Independent. 18 June 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/u2-stars-plans-push-malibu-over-the-edge-2299306.html.
^ Flanagan (1996), p. 43
^ ^a ^b ^c "On the Edge of Success". U2 Magazine No. 3. 1 May 1982. http://u2_interviews.tripod.com/id16.html. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
^ "U2 Rotterdam, 10 May 1993, Feyenoord Stadion, ZOO TV Tour – U1". http://www.u2-vertigo-tour.com/show355.html.
^ Rise Above 1 by Reeve Carney feat. Bono and the Edge | Rolling Stone Music | Album Reviews. Rollingstone.com (2011-05-26). Retrieved on 2011-07-29.
^ 'Spider-Man' star Reeve Carney in new video with Bono, the Edge Latimes.com (2011-07-28) Retrieved on 2011-07-29.
^ "The Angiogenesis Foundation: People". http://www.angio.org/about-people-bod.php. Retrieved 12/7/2009.

Bibliography

Dunphy, Eamon (1988). Unforgettable Fire: The Story of U2. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-010766-5.
Flanagan, Bill (1996). U2 at the End of the World (Paperback ed.). New York: Delta. ISBN 978-0-385-31157-1.
U2 (2006). McCormick, Neil. ed. U2 by U2. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-719668-7.

External links [link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2011)

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v t e U2

Bono Adam Clayton The Edge Larry Mullen, Jr.

Studio albums	Boy October War The Unforgettable Fire The Joshua Tree Rattle and Hum Achtung Baby Zooropa Pop All That You Can't Leave Behind How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb No Line on the Horizon

Compilations and EPs	Three Wide Awake in America Please: PopHeart Live EP The Best of 1980–1990 7 The Best of 1990–2000 Exclusive The Complete U2 Live from Under the Brooklyn Bridge U218 Singles Wide Awake in Europe

Other albums	Under a Blood Red Sky Melon: Remixes for Propaganda Original Soundtracks 1 Hasta la Vista Baby! U2 Live from Mexico City The Million Dollar Hotel soundtrack Live from the Point Depot U2.COMmunication Zoo TV Live U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland Live from Paris Medium, Rare & Remastered Artificial Horizon Duals

Videos and films	U2 Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky The Unforgettable Fire Collection Rattle and Hum Achtung Baby: The Videos, the Cameos, and a Whole Lot of Interference from Zoo TV Zoo TV: Live from Sydney PopMart: Live from Mexico City Elevation 2001: U2 Live from Boston U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Ireland Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago Vertigo 05: Live from Milan U218 Videos Live from Paris U2 3D Linear U2 360° at the Rose Bowl From the Sky Down

Tours and concerts	Boy Tour October Tour War Tour The Unforgettable Fire Tour A Conspiracy of Hope The Joshua Tree Tour Lovetown Tour Zoo TV Tour PopMart Tour (concert in Sarajevo) Elevation Tour Vertigo Tour U2 360° Tour

Additional personnel	Anton Corbijn Brian Eno Dik Evans Flood Howie B Jimmy Iovine Daniel Lanois Steve Lillywhite Paul McGuinness Willie Williams

Related articles	Awards Discography Songs Covers of U2 songs Concert tours Mother Records The Dalton Brothers AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered

Book Category Portal WikiProject Timeline Singles

v t e Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song (2000s)

"Things Have Changed" Music & Lyrics by Bob Dylan (2000) "Until..." Music & Lyrics by Sting (2001) "The Hands That Built America" Music & Lyrics by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, & Larry Mullen (2002) "Into the West" Music & Lyrics by Annie Lennox, Howard Shore, Frances Walsh (2003) "Old Habits Die Hard" Music & Lyrics by Mick Jagger, David A. Stewart (2004) "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" Lyrics by Bernie Taupin, Music by Gustavo Santaolalla (2005) "The Song of the Heart" Music & Lyrics by Prince Rogers Nelson (2006) "Guaranteed" Music & Lyrics by Eddie Vedder (2007) "The Wrestler" Music & Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (2008) "The Weary Kind" Music & Lyrics by Ryan Bingham, T-Bone Burnett (2009)

Complete List (1960s) (1970s) (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

Grammy Award for Album of the Year (1980s)

Year

Album

Artist(s)

Producer(s)

1980

52nd Street

Billy Joel

Phil Ramone

1981

Christopher Cross

Christopher Cross

Michael Omartian

1982

Double Fantasy

John Lennon and Yoko Ono

Jack Douglas, John Lennon, Yoko Ono

1983

Toto IV

Toto (Bobby Kimball, Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, David Hungate, Steve Porcaro)

Toto

1984

Thriller

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones

1985

Can't Slow Down

Lionel Richie

James Anthony Carmichael, Lionel Richie

1986

No Jacket Required

Phil Collins

Hugh Padgham, Phil Collins

1987

Graceland

Paul Simon

Roy Halee, Paul Simon

1988

The Joshua Tree

U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr.)

Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois

1989

Faith

George Michael

Grammy Award for Album of the Year (2000s)

Supernatural performed by Santana (Rodney Holmes, Tony Lindsay, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow, Benny Rietveld, Carlos Santana, Chester Thompson); engineered/mixed by Alvaro Villagra, Andy Grassi, Anton Pukshansky, Benny Faccone, Chris Theis, Commissioner Gordon, David Frazer, David Thoener, Glenn Kolotkin, Jeff Poe, Jim Gaines, Jim Scott, John Gamble, John Karpowich, John Seymour, Matty Spindel, Mike Couzzi, Steve Farrone, Steve Fontano, T-Ray, Tom Lord-Alge, Tony Prendatt & Warren Riker; produced by Alex Gonzales, Art Hodge, Charles Goodan, Clive Davis, Dante Ross, Dust Brothers, Fher Olvera, Jerry 'Wonder' Duplessis, K. C. Porter, Lauryn Hill, Matt Serletic, Stephen M. Harris & Wyclef Jean (2000)	Two Against Nature performed by Steely Dan (Walter Becker, Donald Fagen); engineered/mixed by Dave Russell, Elliot Scheiner, Phil Burnett & Roger Nichols; produced by Donald Fagen & Walter Becker (2001)
O Brother, Where Art Thou? Soundtrack performed by Alison Krauss & Union Station (Barry Bales, Ron Block, Jerry Douglas, Alison Krauss, Dan Tyminski), Chris Sharp, Chris Thomas King, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Harley Allen, John Hartford, Mike Compton, Norman Blake, Pat Enright, Peasall Sisters (Hannah Peasall, Leah Peasall, Sarah Peasall), Ralph Stanley, Sam Bush, Stuart Duncan, The Cox Family (Evelyn Cox, Sidney Cox, Suzanne Cox, Willard Cox), The Fairfield Four (Nathan Best, Isaac Freeman, Robert Hamlett, James Hill, Joseph Rice, Wilson Waters, Jr.), The Whites (Buck White, Cheryl White, Sharon White) & Tim Blake Nelson; engineered/mixed by Mike Piersante & Peter Kurland; master engineered by Gavin Lurssen; produced by T-Bone Burnett (2002)	Come Away with Me performed by Norah Jones; engineered/mixed by Jay Newland & S. Husky Höskulds; master engineered by Ted Jensen; produced by Arif Mardin, Craig Street, Jay Newland & Norah Jones (2003)
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below performed by OutKast (André 3000, Big Boi); engineered/mixed by Brian Paturalski, Chris Carmouche, Darrell Thorp, Dexter Simmons, John Frye, Kevin Davis, Matt Still, Moka Nagatani, Neal H. Pogue, Padraic Kernin, Pete Novak, Reggie Dozier, Robert Hannon, Terrence Cash & Vincent Alexander; master engineered by Bernie Grundman & Brian Gardner; produced by André 3000, Big Boi & Carl Mo (2004)	Genius Loves Company performed by Ray Charles and Various Artists; engineered/mixed by Al Schmitt, Ed Thacker, Joel W. Moss, John Harris, Mark Fleming, Pete Karam, Robert Fernandez, Seth Presant & Terry Howard; master engineered by Doug Sax & Robert Hadley; produced by Don Mizell, Herbert Waltl, John R. Burk, Phil Ramone & Terry Howard (2005)
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb performed by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr.); engineered/mixed by Carl Glanville, Flood, Greg Collins, Jacknife Lee, Nellee Hooper, Simon Gogerly & Steve Lillywhite; master engineered by Arnie Acosta; produced by Brian Eno, Chris Thomas, Daniel Lanois, Flood, Jacknife Lee & Steve Lillywhite (2006)	Taking the Long Way performed by Dixie Chicks (Martie Maguire, Natalie Maines, Emily Robison); engineered/mixed by Chris Testa, Jim Scott & Richard Dodd; master engineered by Richard Dodd; produced by Rick Rubin (2007)
River: The Joni Letters performed by Herbie Hancock; featuring Norah Jones, Joni Mitchell, Corinne Bailey Rae , Tina Turner ; produced by Herbie Hancock & Larry Klein; engineered/mixed by Helik Hadar; master engeineered by Bernie Grundman (2008)	Raising Sand performed by Robert Plant & Alison Krauss; produced by T-Bone Burnett; engineered/mixed by Mike Piersante; master engeineered by Gavin Lurssen (2009)

Grammy Award for Record of the Year (2000s)

"Smooth"* by Santana (Rodney Holmes, Tony Lindsay, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow, Benny Rietveld, Carlos Santana, Chester Thompson) featuring Rob Thomas engineered/mixed by David Thoener, produced by Matt Serletic (2000)	"Beautiful Day"* by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr.) engineered/mixed by Richard Rainey & Steve Lillywhite; produced by Brian Eno & Daniel Lanois (2001)
"Walk On" by U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr.) engineered/mixed by Richard Rainey & Steve Lillywhite; produced by Brian Eno & Daniel Lanois (2002)	"Don't Know Why"* by Norah Jones; engineered/mixed by Jay Newland; produced by Arif Mardin, Jay Newland & Norah Jones (2003)
"Clocks" by Coldplay (Guy Berryman, Jon Buckland, Will Champion, Phil Harvey, Chris Martin) engineered/mixed by Coldplay, Ken Nelson & Mark Phythian; produced by Coldplay & Ken Nelson (2004)	"Here We Go Again" by Ray Charles and Norah Jones engineered/mixed by Al Schmitt, Mark Fleming, & Terry Howard; produced by John R. Burk (2005)
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams" by Green Day (Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Dirnt, Frank Edwin Wright III) engineered/mixed by Chris Lord-Alge & Doug McKean, produced by Green Day & Rob Cavallo (2006)	"Not Ready to Make Nice"* by Dixie Chicks (Martie Maguire, Natalie Maines, Emily Robison) engineered/mixed by Chris Testa, Jim Scott & Richard Dodd; produced by Rick Rubin (2007)
"Rehab"* by Amy Winehouse engineered/mixed by Tom Elmhirst, Vaughan Merrick, Dom Morley, Mark Ronson & Gabriel Roth; produced by Mark Ronson (2008)	"Please Read the Letter" by Alison Krauss and Robert Plant engineered/mixed by Mike Piersante; produced by T-Bone Burnett (2009)

v t e Grammy Award for Song of the Year (2000s)

2000 Itaal Shur & Rob Thomas - "Smooth" 2001 Adam Clayton, David Evans, Larry Mullen, Jr. & Paul Hewson - "Beautiful Day" 2002 Alicia Keys - "Fallin'" 2003 Jesse Harris - "Don't Know Why" 2004 Richard Marx & Luther Vandross - "Dance with My Father" 2005 John Mayer - "Daughters" 2006 Adam Clayton, David Evans, Larry Mullen, Jr. & Paul Hewson - "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own" 2007 Emily Burns Irwin, Martha Maguire, Natalie Maines Pasdar & Dan Wilson - "Not Ready to Make Nice" 2008 Amy Winehouse - "Rehab" 2009 Guy Berryman, Jonathan Buckland, William Champion & Christopher Martin - "Viva la Vida"

Complete list (1960s) (1970s) (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

Persondata
Name	Edge, The
Alternative names
Short description	Irish rock musician
Date of birth	8 August 1961
Place of birth	Barking, Essex, England
Date of death
Place of death

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v t e

Hassan-i Sabbāh (Persian: حسن صباح‎, 1050s–1124) was a Persian-Arab^[1]^[2] Nizārī Shi'a Ismā'īlī Muslim missionary who converted a community in the late 11th century in the heart of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. The place was called Alamut and was attributed to an ancient king of Daylam. He founded a group whose members are sometimes referred to as the Hashshashin or "Soldiers" to protect from attackers outside of Iran.

1 Sources
2 Early life and conversion
3 Capture of Alamut
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
- 6.1 Secondary sources
7 Further reading
- 7.1 Primary sources
- 7.2 Secondary sources
8 External links

Sources [link]

Hassan is thought to have written an autobiography, which does not survive but seems to underlie the first part of an anonymous Isma'ili biography entitled Sargudhasht-i Sayyidnā. The latter is known only from quotations made by later Persian authors.^[3] Hassan also wrote a Persian treatise on the doctrine of ta'līm, i.e. the teachings of the imam. The text is no longer extant, but fragments are cited or paraphrased by al-Shahrastānī and several Persian historians. He is the original Grand Master creating many of its main principles and foundations.

Early life and conversion [link]

Qom and Rayy [link]

The possibly autobiographical information found in Sargudhasht-i Sayyidnā is the main source for Hassan's background and early life. According to this, Hassan-i Sabbāh was born in the city of Qom (modern Iran) in Persia in the 1050s to a family of Twelver Shī‘ah.^[3] His father was an Arab claiming Yemeni descent, who left the Sawād of Kufa hej (modern Iraq) to settle in the (predominantly Shi'a) town of Qom.^[1]^[2]

Early in his life, his family moved to Rayy.^[3] Rayy (Modern Tehran) was a city that had seen a lot of radical thought since the 9th century and it had seen Hamdan Qarmaṭ as one of its voices. It had also seen a lot of missionary work by various sects, each as impassioned as the next.^{[citation needed]}

It was in this centre of religious matrices that Hassan developed a keen interest in metaphysical matters and adhered to the Twelver code of instruction. From 7 to 17,^[4] he studied at home, and mastered perfectly palmistry, languages, philosophy, astronomy and mathematics (especially geometry).^[5]

Rayy was also home to the activities of Ismā‘īlī missionaries in the Jibal. At the time, Isma'ilism was a growing movement in Persia and other lands east of Egypt.^[6] The Persian Isma'ilis supported the da'wa ("mission") directed by the Fatimid caliphate of Cairo and recognised the authority of the Imam-Caliph al-Mustanṣir (d. 1094), though since some time, Isfahan rather than Cairo may have functioned as their principal headquarters.^[6] The Ismā'īlī mission worked on three layers: the lowest was the foot soldier or fidā'ī, followed by the rafīk or "comrade", and finally the Dā‘ī or "missionary". It has been suggested that its popularity in Persia owed something to dissatisfaction with their Seljuk rulers, who had recently removed local rulers.^[3]

In Rayy, young Hassan came in touch with Amira Darrab, a comrade, who introduced him to Ismā'īlī doctrine. Hassan was initially unimpressed. As he met Darrab, participating in many passionate debates that discussed the merits of Ismā‘īl over Mūsā, Hassan's respect grew. Impressed with the conviction of Darrab, Hassan decided to delve deeper into Ismā'īlī doctrines and beliefs. Hassan began to see merit in switching to Ismā‘īlī.

Conversion to Ismailism and training in Cairo [link]

At the age of 17, Hassan converted and swore allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph in Cairo. Hassan's studies did not end with his crossing over. He further studied under two other dā‘iyyayn, and as he proceeded on his path, he was looked upon with eyes of respect.

Hassan's austere and devoted commitment to the da'wa brought him in audience with the chief missionary of the region: ‘Abdu l-Malik ibn Attash. Ibn Attash, suitably impressed with the young seventeen year old Hassan, made him Deputy Missionary and advised him to go to Cairo to further his studies.

However, Hassan did not go to Cairo. Some historians have postulated that Hassan, following his conversion, was playing host to some members of the Fatimid caliphate, and this was leaked to the anti-Fatimid and anti-Shī‘a Nizam al-Mulk. This prompted his abandoning Rayy and heading to Cairo in 1076.

Hassan took about 2 years to reach Cairo. Along the way he toured many other regions that did not fall in the general direction of Egypt. Isfahan was the first city that he visited. He was hosted by one of the Missionaries of his youth, a man who had taught the youthful Hassan in Rayy. His name was Resi Abufasl and he further instructed Hassan.

From here he went to Azerbaijan, hundreds of miles to the north, and from there to Turkey. Here he attracted the ire of priests following a heated discussion, and Hassan was thrown out of the town he was in.

He then turned south and traveled through Iraq, reached Damascus in Syria. He left for Egypt from Palestine. Records exist, some in the fragmentary remains of his autobiography, and from another biography written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in 1310, to date his arrival in Egypt at 30 August 1078.

It is unclear how long Hassan stayed in Egypt: about 3 years is the usually accepted amount of time. He continued his studies here, and became a full missionary.

Return to Persia [link]

Whilst he was in Cairo, studying and preaching, he upset the highly excitable Chief of the Army, Badr al-Jamalī. It is also said by later sources that the Ismaili Imam-Caliph al-Mustanṣir informed Hassan that his elder son Nizar would be the next Imam. Hassan was briefly imprisoned by Badr al-Jamali. The collapse of a minaret of the jail was taken to be an omen in the favor of Hassan and he was promptly released and deported. The ship that he was traveling on was wrecked. He was rescued and taken to Syria. Traveling via Aleppo and Baghdad, he terminated his journey at Isfahan in 1081.

Hassan’s life now was totally devoted to the mission. Hassan toured extensively throughout Iran. To the north of Iran, and touching the south shore of the Caspian Sea, are the mountains of Alborz. These mountains were home to a people who had traditionally resisted all attempts at subjugation; this place was also of Shī‘a leaning. Within these mountains, in the region of Daylam, Hassan chose to pursue his missionary activities. Hassan became the Chief Missionary of that area and sent his personally trained missionaries into the rest of the region.

The news of this Ismā'īlī's activities reached Nizam al-Mulk, who dispatched his soldiers with the orders for Hassan's capture. Hassan evaded them, and went deeper into the mountains.

Capture of Alamut [link]

Hashshashin fortress of Alamut

His search for a base from where to guide his mission ended when he found the castle of Alamut in the Rudbar area in 1088, modern day 'Qazvin, Iran'. It was a fort that stood guard to a valley that was about fifty kilometers long and five kilometers wide. The fort had been built about the year 865; legend has it that it was built by a king who saw his eagle fly up to and perch upon a rock, of which the king, Wah Sudan ibn Marzuban, understood the importance. Likening the perching of the eagle to a lesson given by it, he called the fort Aluh Amut: the "Eagles Teaching".

Hassan’s takeover of the fort was one of silent surrender in the face of defeated odds. To effect this takeover Hassan employed an ingenious strategy: it took the better part of two years to effect. First Hassan sent his Daʻiyyīn and Rafīks to win the villages in the valley over. Next, key people were converted and in 1090 Hassan took over the fort. It is said that Hassan offered 3000 gold dinars to the fort owner for the amount of land that would fit a buffalo’s hide. The term having been agreed upon, Hassan cut the hide in to strips and link the strips around the perimeter of the fort. The owner was defeated. (This story bears striking resemblance to Virgil's account of Dido's founding of Carthage.) Hassan gave him a draft on the name of a wealthy landlord and told him to take the money from him. Legend further has it that when the landlord saw the draft with Hassan’s signature, he immediately paid the amount to the fort owner, astonishing him.

With Alamut as his, Hassan devoted himself so faithfully to study, that it is said that in all the years that he was there – almost 35, he never left his quarters, except the two times when he went up to the roof. He was studying, translating, praying, fasting, and directing the activities of the Daʻwa: the propagation of the Nizarī doctrine was headquartered at Alamut. He knew the Qur'ān by heart, could quote extensively from the texts of most Muslim sects, and apart from philosophy, he was well versed in mathematics, astronomy, alchemy, medicine, architecture, and the major science fields of his time.^[7] Hassan was one who found solace in austerity and frugality.

From this point on his community and its branches spread throughout Iran and Syria and came to be called Hashshashin or Assassins, also known as the Fedayin (Meaning 'The Martyrs', or 'Men Who Accept Death'), a mystery cult.

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b Lewis, Bernard (November 2002). "3. The New Preaching". The Assassins. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00498-0. "Hasan-i Sabbah was born in the city of Qumm, one of the first centres of Arab settlement in Persia and a stronghold of Twelver Shi'ism. His father, a Twelver Shi'ite, had come from Kufa in Iraq, and was said to be of Yemeni origin."
^ ^a ^b Daftari, Farhad (September 2007). "Nizari Isma'ili history during the Alamut period". The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2. "His father, 'Ali b. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Husayn b. Muhammad b. al-Sabbah al-Himyari, a Kufan Arab claiming Yamani origins, had migrated from the Sawad of Kufa to the traditionally Shi'i town of Qumm in Persia."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Daftari, The Isma'ilis, p. 311.
^ Nizam ul-Mulk Tusi, pg. 420, foot note No. 3
^ E. G. Brown Literary History of Persia, Vol. 1, pg. 201.
^ ^a ^b Daftari, The Isma'ilis, pp. 310-11.
^ "Hassan Sabbah Dabbled in Astronomy: Experts". Chnpress.com. http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=2786. Retrieved 2012-01-30.

References [link]

Secondary sources [link]

Daftary, Farhad. The Isma'ilis. Their History and Doctrines. 2nd ed (1990). Cambridge et al., 2007.
Irwin, Robert. "Islam and the Crusades, 1096-1699." In The Oxford History of the Crusades, ed. Jonathan Riley Smith. Oxford, 2002. 211-57.

External links [link]

The life of Hassan-i-Sabah from an Ismaili point of view. Focuses on assassination as a tactic of asymmetrical warfare and has a small section on Hasan-i-Sabah's work as a scholar.
Introduction to The Assassin Legends (From The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma‘ilis, London: I. B. Tauris, 1994; reprinted 2001.)
The life of Hassan-i-Sabbah as part of an online book on the Assassins of Alamut.
Arkon Daraul on Hassan-i-Sabbah.
An illustrated article on the Order of Assassins.
William S. Burrough's invocation of Hassan-i-Sabbah in Nova Express.
Assassins entry in the Encyclopedia of the Orient.
Review of the book, "The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma'ilis (I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd: London, 1994), 213 pp." by Babak Nahid, Department of Comparative Literature, University of California, Los Angeles
Hasan bin Sabbah and the secret order of hashishins

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan-i_Sabbah

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"Hassan II" redirects here. For the Maldivian sultan, see Hassan II of the Maldives.

Hassan II

Hassan II in Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland
King of Morocco
Reign	26 February 1961 – 23 July 1999 (&1000000000000003800000038 years, &10000000000000142000000142 days)
Predecessor	Mohammed V
Successor	Mohammed VI

Spouse	Lalla Latifa Hammou Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok
Issue
HRH Princess Lalla Meryem HRH Prince Moulay Mohammed^[a] HRH Princess Lalla Asma HRH Princess Lalla Hasna HRH Prince Moulay Rachid
Dynasty	Alaouite
Father	Mohammed V
Mother	Lalla Abla bint Tahar
Born	(1929-07-09)9 July 1929 Rabat, Morocco
Died	23 July 1999(1999-07-23) (aged 70) Rabat, Morocco
Burial	Royal Mausoleum, Rabat, Morocco
Religion	Islam

HM King Hassan II (Arabic: الحسن الثاني‎, class. pron. (a)l-ḥasan aṯ-ṯānī, dial. (Mar.) el-ḥasan ett(s)âni); July 9, 1929 – July 23, 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909–1961) and his wife Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1889–1992).

1 Biography
2 Family
3 See also
4 References and links
5 External links

Biography [link]

Youth and education [link]

King Hassan was educated at the Imperial College at Rabat and earned a law degree from the University of Bordeaux.

He was exiled to Corsica by French authorities on 20 August 1953, together with his father Sultan Mohammed V. They were transferred to Madagascar in January 1954. Prince Moulay Hassan acted as his father's political advisor during the exile. Mohammed V and his family returned from exile on 16 November 1955.

Prince Moulay Hassan participated in the February 1956 negotiations for Morocco's independence with his father, who later appointed him Chief of Staff of the newly founded Royal Armed Forces in April 1956. In the unrest of the same year, he led army contingents battling rebels in the mountains of the Rif. Mohammed V changed the title of the Moroccan sovereign from Sultan to King in 1957. Hassan was proclaimed Crown Prince on 19 July 1957, and became King on 26 February 1961, after his father's death. U.S. Ambassador Charles W. Yost saw King Mohammed V hours before his death and was among those who suspected that Hassan II had a hand in his father's sudden death.

Rule [link]

Hassan's conservative rule, one characterized by a poor human rights record,^[1] strengthened the Alaouite dynasty. In Morocco's first constitution of 1963, Hassan II reaffirmed Morocco's choice of a multi-party political system, the only one in the Maghreb. The constitution gave the King large powers he eventually used to strengthen his rule, which provoked strong political protest from the UNFP and the Istiqlal parties that formed the backbone of the opposition. In 1965, Hassan dissolved Parliament and ruled directly, although he did not abolish the mechanisms of parliamentary democracy. When elections were eventually held, they were mostly rigged in favor of loyal parties. This caused severe discontent among the opposition, and protest demonstrations and riots challenged the King's rule.

In the early 1970s, King Hassan survived two assassination attempts. The first, in 1971, was coup d'état attempt allegedly supported by Libya, organized by General Madbouh and Colonel Ababou and carried out by cadets during a function at the King's summer palace in Rabat during his forty-second birthday party. Important guests, including the Belgian Ambassador Marcel Dupert, were placed under house arrest, and the King himself was taken to a small pavilion. Rabat's main radio station was taken over by the rebels and broadcast propaganda stating that the King had been murdered and a republic founded. The coup ended the same day when royalist troops took over the palace in combat against the rebels. On August 16, 1972, during a second attempt, four F-5 military jets from the Royal Moroccan Air Force fired upon the King's Boeing 727 while he was traveling back to Rabat from France, but they failed to bring it down. General Mohamed Oufkir, Morocco's defense minister, was the man behind the coup and was officially declared to have committed suicide after the attack. His body, however, was found with several bullet wounds.^[2]

In the Cold War era, Hassan II allied Morocco with the West generally, and with the United States in particular. There were close and continuing ties between Hassan II's government and the CIA, who helped to reorganize Morocco's security forces in 1960.^[3] Hassan served as a back channel between the Arab world and Israel, facilitating early negotiations between them. This was made possible due to the presence in Israel of a large Moroccan Jewish community.

History of Morocco
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Modern Morocco (since 1956) Ifni War Sand War Green March Madrid Accords
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Related Topics 1970s in Morocco 1980s in Morocco 1990s in Morocco 2000s in Morocco Economic history Military history Postal history Imperial cities
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During his reign, Morocco recovered the Spanish-controlled area of Ifni in 1969, and military seized two thirds of Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) through the "Green March" in 1975. The latter issue continues to dominate Moroccan foreign policy to this day. Relations with Algeria have deteriorated sharply due to the Western Sahara affair, as well as due to Moroccan claims on Algerian territory (Tindouf and Bechar), which unleashed the brief 1963 Sand War. Relations with Mauritania were tense too, as Morocco only recognized it as a sovereign country in 1969, nearly a decade after Mauritania's independence, because of Moroccan claims on the country (see Great Morocco).

Economically, Hassan II adopted a market-based economy, where agriculture, tourism, and phosphates mining industries played a major role.

The period from the 1960s to the late 1980s was labelled as the "years of lead"^[4]^[5] and saw thousands of dissidents jailed, killed, exiled or forcibly disappeared.

King Hassan II had extended many parliamentary functions^{[citation needed]} by the early 1990s and released hundreds of political prisoners in 1991, and allowed the Alternance, where the opposition assumed power, for the first time in the Arab World.^{[citation needed]} He set up a Royal Council for Human Rights to look into allegations of abuse by the State.

Death [link]

Hassan died of natural causes in his birth town at the age of 70 on 23 July 1999. A national funeral service was held for him in at Rabat, Morocco, with some 40 heads of state in attendance. He was buried in the Mausoleum of Mohammed V in Rabat. The coffin of King Hassan II, carried by King Mohamed VI, his brother Prince Moulay Rachid and his cousin Moulay Hicham, was covered with a green fabric, in which the first prayer of Islam, "There is no god but Allah", is inscribed in golden letters.^[6]

Family [link]

King Hassan II had five children with his wife Lalla Latifa Hammou, a member of the Zaiane tribe, whom he married in 1961:

HRH Princess Lalla Meryem (b.1962)
HM King Mohammed VI (b.1963)
HRH Princess Lalla Asma (b.1965)
HRH Princess Lalla Hasna (b.1967)
HRH Prince Moulay Rachid (b.1970)

The king also had one other wife, Lalla Fatima bint Qaid Amhourok. Married also in 1961, they had no children.

The father of Hassan II was Mohammed V of Morocco, his mother was Lalla Abla bint Tahar. King Hassan II had five sisters and one brother:

Lalla Fatima Zahra, born June 29, 1929, (from the first marriage of Mohammed V of Morocco)
Lalla Aicha, born June 17, 1930 in Rabat (from the second marriage of Mohammed V, with Lalla Abla)
Lalla Malika, born March 14, 1933 in Rabat (from the second marriage of Mohammed V)
Moulay Abdallah, born July 30, 1935 in Rabat, died in 1983 (from the second marriage of Mohammed V)
Lalla Nuzha, born 1953 in Rabat (from the second marriage of Mohammed V)
Lalla Amina, born in Madagascar, April 8, 1954 (from the third marriage of Mohammed V of Morocco, with Lalla Bahia, died in September 2008)^[7]

References and links [link]

a.^ Became to HM King Mohammed VI.

^ "Morocco 'Facebook prince' pardon". BBC News. March 19, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7304361.stm. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ "Interview with Malika Oufkir". Foreign Correspondent. November 7, 2001. http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s340307.htm.
^ Victoria Brittain (2 July 2001). "Ben Barka killed with French help | World news". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,515405,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
^ Hamilton, Richard (January 13, 2007). "Laughter, freedom and religion in Morocco". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6256131.stm. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ George Joffé. "Morocco – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9403363/Morocco. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18135759.html
^ [1]^{[dead link]}

External links [link]

Regnal titles
Hassan II of Morocco Alaouite dynasty Born: 9 July 1929 Died: 23 July 1999
Preceded by Mohammed V	King of Morocco 1961–1999	Succeeded by Mohammed VI

Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity and the African Union (AU)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Persondata
Name	Hassan 02 Of Morocco
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	9 July 1929
Place of birth	Rabat, Morocco
Date of death	23 July 1999
Place of death	Rabat

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