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- 2001 anthrax attacks
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- Abortion
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (
i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] ( listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Kentucky
Kentucky (i/kɨnˈtʌki/), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the Upper South of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname based on the fact that bluegrass is present in many of the pastures throughout the state, because of the fertile soil. It made possible the breeding of high-quality livestock, especially thoroughbred racing horses. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park; the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States; and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River. It is also home to the highest per capita number of deer and turkey in the United States, the largest free-ranging elk herd east of Montana, and the nation's most productive coalfield. Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon distilleries, bluegrass music, automobile manufacturing, tobacco and college basketball.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (i/ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/ LUKS-əm-burg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg, Dutch: Groothertogdom Luxemburg), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi). A representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is ruled by a grand duke. It is now the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the world's highest GDP (nominal) per capita according to the IMF. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish Road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.
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Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home to a large number of colleges and universities. It is most notably known as a center of the music industry, earning it the nickname "Music City".
Nashville has a consolidated city–county government which includes seven smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. As of the 2010 census the population of the city of Nashville, not including the semi-independent municipalities, stood at 601,222. The population of Davidson County as a whole, including all municipalities, was 626,681. Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, after Memphis, and the fourth largest city in the Southeastern United States. The 2010 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,589,934, making it the largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in the state. The 2010 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,670,890.
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Nevada
Nevada (i/nəˈvædə/ or /nəˈvɒdə/) is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 35th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in one single county, Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area, where the state's three largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City.
Nevada is largely desert and semiarid, with much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the US government under various jurisdictions, both civilian and military.
The name Nevada is derived from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, which means "snow-capped mountain range" in Spanish. The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact. It was subsequently claimed by Spain as a part of Alta California until the Mexican War of Independence brought it under Mexican control. The United States gained the territory in 1848 following its victory in the Mexican-American War and the area was eventually incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864.
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North Korea
Coordinates: 40°00′N 127°00′E / 40°N 127°E / 40; 127 The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK; Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선민주주의인민공화국), commonly referred to as "North Korea" (
listen), is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The Amnok, or Yalu, and the Tumen rivers form the border between North Korea and China. A section of the Tumen River in the far northeast is the border with Russia.
The peninsula was governed by the Korean Empire until it was annexed by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War in 1910. It was divided into Soviet- and American-occupied zones in 1945, after the end of World War II. North Korea refused to participate in a United Nations–supervised election held in the south in 1948, which led to the creation of separate Korean governments for the two occupation zones. North and South Korea each claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean Peninsula, which led to the Korean War of 1950. The Armistice Agreement of 1953 ended the fighting; but the two countries are officially still at war against each other, for a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (
i/ˌpɛnsɨlˈveɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a US state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, and the Great Lakes Region. The state borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Ontario, Canada to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.
Pennsylvania is the 33rd most extensive, the 6th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of shoreline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
Pennsylvania is 170 miles (274 km) north to south and 283 miles (455 km) east to west. Of a total 46,055 square miles (119,282 km2), 44,817 square miles (116,075 km2) are land, 490 square miles (1,269 km2) are inland waters, and 749 square miles (1,940 km2) are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.
It is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and engineering. Princeton does not have schools of medicine, law, divinity, or business, but it does offer professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science and the School of Architecture.
Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, as the College of New Jersey, the university moved to Newark in 1747, then to Princeton in 1756 and was renamed Princeton University in 1896. The present-day College of New Jersey in nearby Ewing, New Jersey, is an unrelated institution. Princeton was the fourth chartered institution of higher education in the American colonies. Princeton had close ties to the Presbyterian Church, but has never been affiliated with any denomination and today imposes no religious requirements on its students.
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South Dakota
South Dakota (i/ˌsaʊθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. South Dakota is the 17th most extensive, but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of nearly 160,000, is South Dakota's largest city.
South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as "East River" and "West River". Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state's population, and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (i/tɛnɨˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ) is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th most extensive and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144.Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902.
The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861, and the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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Washington, DC
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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Abe Fortas
Abraham "Abe" Fortas (June 19, 1910 – April 5, 1982) was a U.S. Supreme Court associate justice from 1965 to 1969. Originally from Tennessee, Fortas became a law professor at Yale, and subsequently advised the Securities and Exchange Commission. He then worked at the Interior Department under Franklin D. Roosevelt, and subsequently Harry Truman appointed him to delegations that helped set up the UN. Later, in private practice, Fortas represented Lyndon Johnson in an electoral dispute, and formed close ties with the president-to-be. Fortas also represented Clarence Earl Gideon before the U.S. Supreme Court, in a case involving the right to counsel. As a Johnson appointee to the Court, Fortas maintained a close working relationship with the president, and in 1968 Johnson tried to elevate Fortas to the position of Chief Justice, but that nomination faced a filibuster due at least in part to ethics problems that later caused him to step down from the Court. Fortas returned to private practice, sometimes appearing before the judges with whom he had served.
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Al D'Amato
Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. A Republican, he served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999.
D'Amato, of Italian heritage, was born in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island. He is a graduate of Chaminade High School, Syracuse University, and Syracuse University College of Law.
D'Amato married his first wife, Penelope, with whom he has four children, in 1960. Al and Penelope D'Amato separated in 1982 after 22 years of marriage. Al and Penelope finally divorced after a 13 year separation, their divorce becoming final in 1995. He has dated several well-known personalities, including entertainment television reporter Claudia Cohen. On July 18, 2004, he married Katuria Elizabeth Smith. They have one son, Alfonso Marcello D'Amato, born on February 5, 2008, and a daughter, Luciana Cioffari D'Amato, born on October 16, 2009.
His political career started with the Nassau County Republican Party, and he held the appointive position of Public Administrator of Nassau County, where he was responsible for managing the assets of county residents who died without wills. He was first appointed and then elected Receiver of Taxes of Hempstead, New York. He left this office to become a town supervisor in Hempstead and in 1977 he was elected presiding supervisor. He was also vice chairman of the Nassau County Board of Supervisors from 1977 to 1980.
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Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and won the popular vote in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.
Gore was previously an elected official for 24 years, representing Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–85), and later in the U.S. Senate (1985–93), and finally becoming Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential election, Gore won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes. However, he ultimately lost the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush when the U.S. Supreme Court settled the legal controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5-4 in favor of Bush. It was the only time in history that the Supreme Court has determined the outcome of a presidential election.
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Alben W. Barkley
Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) served as the 35th Vice President of the United States (1949–1953), under President Harry S. Truman. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a U.S. Representative (1913–1927) and a U.S. Senator (1927–1949) from Kentucky. He served as Senate Majority Leader from 1937 to 1947.
After an unsuccessful candidacy in the 1952 presidential election, Barkley was elected again to the U.S. Senate after defeating John Sherman Cooper in 1954. He died shortly afterwards in 1956 at age 78.
Barkley was born Willie Alben Barkley in a log cabin near Lowes, Graves County, Kentucky. His parents, John Wilson Barkley and Electra Eliza (Smith) Barkley, were deeply religious tenant farmers. He graduated from Marvin College in 1897, where he excelled in speech and debate. He worked his way through college with a full-time janitorial job. Barkley later attended Emory College, in Oxford, Georgia. He was a member of Delta Tau Delta social fraternity, graduated in 1900, and then attended the University of Virginia School of Law. It was during this time that he legally changed his name from "Willie Alben" to "Alben William."
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Albert Gore, Sr.
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Sr. (December 26, 1907 – December 5, 1998) was an American politician, serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator for the Democratic Party from Tennessee.
Gore and his wife Pauline LaFon Gore had two children: daughter Nancy LaFon Gore (born in 1938 and died of lung cancer in 1984) and a son Albert Gore Jr. in 1948. Al Gore, Jr. would follow in his father's political footsteps in the Democratic Party representing Tennessee as a U.S. Representative and Senator, and later serving as Vice President.
Gore was born in Granville, Tennessee, the third of five children of Allen Gore and Maggie Denny Gore. Gore's patrilineal ancestors were Scots-Irish who first settled in Virginia in the mid 17th-century and moved to Tennessee after the Revolutionary War. Gore studied at Middle Tennessee State Teachers College and graduated from the Nashville Y.M.C.A. Night Law School, now the Nashville School of Law. He first sought elective public office at age 23, when he ran unsuccessfully for the job of superintendent of schools in Smith County, Tennessee. A year later he was appointed to the position after the man who had defeated him died.
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Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, as president he destroyed the national bank and relocated most Indian tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party. The 1830–1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because of his toughness and aggressive personality; he fought in duels, some fatal to his opponents. He was a rich slaveholder, who appealed to the common men of the United States, and fought politically against what he denounced as a closed, undemocratic aristocracy. He expanded the spoils system during his presidency to strengthen his political base.
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Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States (1865–1869). As Vice President of the United States in 1865, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. Johnson then presided over the initial and contentious Reconstruction era of the United States following the American Civil War. Johnson's reconstruction policies failed to promote the rights of the Freedmen, and he came under vigorous political attack from Republicans, ending in his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the U.S. Senate.
Johnson, born in poverty and of Scots-Irish descent, became a master tailor and was self-educated, married and had five children. He served as an alderman and as Mayor of Greeneville, Tennessee and then sat in both houses of the Tennessee legislature. He went on to spend five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives and two terms as Governor of Tennessee, all as a Democrat. His signature legislative endeavor in the state and federal arenas was passage of the Homestead Act.
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Anne E. Kornblut
Anne Elise Kornblut (born February 25, 1973) is an American journalist. She is currently a staff writer for the Washington Post.
Kornblut was raised in McLean, Virginia, the daughter of Jane Kornblut and the late Arthur T. Kornblut, a lawyer with a practice in Washington, D.C. Her sister Emily is a human rights educator. She was a National Merit Program semifinalist in 1989. She graduated from Holton-Arms School private school in Bethesda, Maryland in 1990. She is a 1994 graduate of Columbia University.
Kornblut formerly worked at the New York Daily News, at which she served as an intern, and at the Boston Globe, for which she also covered national politics. A veteran of the 2000 and 2004 presidential races, her political reportage has included stories on the reelection campaign of George W. Bush and the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal.
Kornblut joined the New York Times in 2005. One of her assignments was to cover the political career and reelection campaign of Senator Hillary Clinton; she thereafter became one of the paper's national political correspondents.
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Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. Specter is a Democrat, but was a Republican from 1965 until switching to the Democratic Party in 2009. First elected in 1980, he represented his state for thirty years in the Senate. Specter is a moderate who staked out a spot in the political center.
Specter was born in Wichita, Kansas to an American mother and a father who immigrated from Russia. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and served with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School and opened a law firm with Marvin Katz, who would later become a federal judge. Specter served as assistant counsel for the Warren Commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy and helped devise the "single bullet theory." In 1965, Specter was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia, a position that he would hold until he lost his re-election bid in 1973.
On April 28, 2009, Specter announced that, after 44 years as an elected Republican, he was switching membership to the Democratic Party, On May 18, 2010, Specter was defeated in the Democratic primary by Joe Sestak, who then was defeated by current Senator Pat Toomey in the general election. Toomey replaced Specter on January 3, 2011.
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Barry Goldwater
Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure during the first half of the 1960s, he was known as "Mr. Conservative".
Goldwater is the politician most often credited for sparking the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s. He also had a substantial impact on the libertarian movement.
Goldwater rejected the legacy of the New Deal and fought through the conservative coalition to defeat the New Deal coalition. He mobilized a large conservative constituency to win the hard-fought Republican primaries. Goldwater's right-wing campaign platform ultimately failed to gain the support of the electorate and he lost the 1964 presidential election to incumbent Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson by one of the largest landslides in history, bringing down many Republican candidates as well. The Johnson campaign and other critics painted him as a reactionary, while supporters praised his crusades against the Soviet Union, labor unions, and the welfare state. His defeat allowed Johnson and the Democrats in Congress to pass the Great Society programs, but the defeat of so many older Republicans in 1964 also cleared the way for a younger generation of American conservatives to mobilize. Goldwater was much less active as a national leader of conservatives after 1964; his supporters mostly rallied behind Ronald Reagan, who became governor of California in 1967 and the 40th President of the United States in 1981.
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Bart Gordon
Barton Jennings "Bart" Gordon, (born January 24, 1949) is a lawyer and former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 6th congressional district, serving from 1985 until 2011. The district includes several rural areas and fast-growing suburbs east of Nashville. He was Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He announced on December 14, 2009 that he would not seek re-election in 2010.
Gordon was born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, where he has lived all of his life. He served in the United States Army Reserve in 1971 and 1972. He graduated from Middle Tennessee State University in 1971, earning a law degree from the University of Tennessee in 1973. He is a member of the Kappa Alpha Order. He then entered private practice in Murfreesboro.
Active in Democratic politics early on, he was briefly executive director of the Tennessee Democratic Party in 1979 and state party chairman from 1981 to 1983.
When 6th District Congressman Al Gore announced in 1983 that he would run for the United States Senate in 1984, Gordon stepped down as state party chairman to run for the seat. He initially faced a hard-fought race against the brother of the publisher of Nashville's former conservative newspaper, the Nashville Banner. However, he won handily in November 1984, riding Gore's coattails in the midst of Ronald Reagan's landslide victory in that year's presidential election. Gordon is regarded as a moderate. He has favored the repeal of the inheritance tax and the "marriage tax penalty".
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Bill Brock
William Emerson "Bill" Brock III (born November 23, 1930) is a former Republican United States senator from Tennessee, having served from 1971 to 1977. He is the grandson of William Emerson Brock I, who was a Democratic U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1929 to 1931.
Brock was a native of Chattanooga, where his family owned a well-known candy company. He is a 1949 graduate of McCallie School and a 1953 graduate of Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, in 1953 and subsequently served in the U.S. Navy until 1956. He then worked in his family's candy business. Brock had been reared as a Democrat, but became a Republican in the 1950s. In 1962, he was elected to Congress from Tennessee's 3rd congressional district, based in Chattanooga. The 3rd had long been the only Democratic outpost in traditionally heavily Republican East Tennessee; indeed, Brock's victory ended 40 years of Democratic control in the district.
Brock served four terms in the House and then won the Republican nomination to face three-term incumbent U.S. Sen. Albert A. Gore Sr. in 1970, defeating country singer Tex Ritter in the primary. Brock's campaign was able successfully to make an issue of Gore's friendship with the Kennedy family and Gore's voting record, which was somewhat liberal by Southern standards, and defeated him.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bob Clement
Robert Nelson "Bob" Clement (born September 23, 1943 in Nashville, Tennessee) is a Tennessee politician and a member of the Democratic Party.
Clement is the son of former Governor Frank G. Clement. During his father's third run for governor in 1962, Bob joined his father on the campaign trail, often making speeches when his father developed throat trouble.
Clement graduated from Hillsboro High School in Nashville. He went on to attend the University of Tennessee, graduating in 1967. He served in the National Guard from 1969 to 1971 and also served in the reserves until 2001, retiring as a colonel.
Clement considered buying a telephone company while still at UT, but his father refused to lend him the money. However, he did learn quite a bit about the Tennessee Public Service Commission, which regulated phone companies and other utilities. He wanted to get a job on the commission's staff, but chairman Hammond Fowler kept blowing off his requests. When Fowler, who held the East Tennessee seat on the commission, ran for a fourth six-year term in 1972, Clement ran against him in the Democratic primary. Bolstered in part by a televised debate in which he appeared to be young and vibrant while Fowler appeared to be old and doddering, Clement won by an incredible 3-to-1 margin — the most lopsided defeat of a statewide incumbent in Tennessee history. He overwhelmed Republican nominee Tom Garland in the general election what was otherwise largely a very good year for Republicans in Tennessee (and nationwide) running for major offices. (No Republican was ever elected to the Public Service Commission in Tennessee during its existence, which later played a factor in its abolition more than 20 years later.) At 32, he was (and still is) the youngest person ever elected to statewide office in Tennessee history.
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Bob Corker
Robert Phillips "Bob" Corker, Jr. (born August 24, 1952) is the junior United States Senator from Tennessee. Before his election to the Senate in 2006, he served as mayor of Chattanooga, Tennessee from 2001 to 2005. Corker was a businessman prior to holding public office.
Corker was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, the son of Jean J. (née Hutto) and Robert Phillips "Phil" Corker. He moved to Tennessee at the age of 11. He graduated from Chattanooga High School in 1970. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Management from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1974. Corker is a member of Sigma Chi fraternity. He and his wife Elizabeth, whom he married on May 18, 1987, have two daughters. The family's permanent residence is at the Anne Haven mansion built by Coca-Cola Bottling Company heirs Anne Lupton and Frank Harrison.
After working four years as a construction superintendent, he started his own construction company, Bencor, which he sold in 1990. In 1999, he purchased the two largest real estate companies in Chattanooga, Osborne Building Corporation and the Stone Fort Land Company, making him the largest private land owner in Hamilton County, Tennessee. He sold most of these holdings in 2006 to Henry Luken. His business successes have made Corker a multimillionaire.
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Bob Dole
Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an American attorney and politician. Dole represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996, was Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and in 1995 and 1996. Dole was the Republican party nominee in the presidential election of 1996, but he lost to incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. Dole is currently special counsel at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm Alston & Bird.
In 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dole as a co-chair of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, along with Donna Shalala, a former member of the Clinton cabinet. Dole is married to former U.S. cabinet member and former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Hanford Dole of North Carolina. Bob Dole is currently a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
Bob Dole was born in Russell, Kansas, the son of Bina M. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975). His father, who had moved the family to Russell while Dole was still a toddler, made a living by running a small creamery. Among his father's customers was the father of Arlen Specter who ran a junkyard in the town and used Dole's scales to weigh junk. Specter, who was six years younger than Dole and graduated Russell High School in 1947, was not a Dole contemporary although Specter's brother Morton Specter and Dole's brother Kenny Dole were friends. During the Great Depression, which hit Kansas very hard, the Dole family moved into the basement of their home and rented out the rest of the house. As a boy, he took many odd jobs around Russell, and he would later work as a soda jerk in the local drug store.
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Bob Packwood
Robert William "Bob" Packwood (born September 11, 1932) is a U.S. politician from Oregon and a member of the Republican Party. He resigned from the United States Senate, under threat of expulsion, in 1995 after allegations of sexual harassment, abuse and assault of women emerged.
Packwood was born in Portland, Oregon, graduated from Grant High School in 1950, and then in 1954 graduated from Willamette University in Salem.
Packwood is the great-grandson of William H. Packwood, the youngest member of the Oregon Constitutional Convention of 1857. Packwood had his great-grandfather’s political bent from his early years. During his undergraduate years, he participated in Young Republican activities and worked on political campaigns, including later Governor and US Senator Mark Hatfield's first run for the Oregon House of Representatives. He received the prestigious Root-Tilden Scholarship to New York University Law School, where he earned national awards in moot court competition and was elected student body president. After graduating from the NYU Law School in 1957, he was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Portland.
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Businessman
A businessperson (also businessman, business man, or businesswoman) is someone involved in a particular undertaking of activities, commercial or industrial, for the purpose of generating revenue from a combination of human, financial, and physical capital. An entrepreneur is an example of a business person. Sometimes the term can mean someone who is involved in the management of a company, especially as an owner or an executive. Sometimes it can also mean someone employed in a (usually) profit-oriented enterprise. The term businessperson/man/woman almost always refers to someone with a "white collar" occupation.
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Charles Curtis
Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was a United States Representative, a longtime United States Senator from Kansas later chosen as Senate Majority Leader by his Republican colleagues, and the 31st Vice President of the United States (1929–1933). He was the first person with significant acknowledged Native American ancestry and the first person with significant acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach either of the two highest offices in the United States government's executive branch. His maternal ancestry was three-quarters' Native American, of ethnic Kaw, Osage and Pottawatomie ancestry. Curtis spent years of childhood living with his maternal grandparents on their Kaw reservation.
As an attorney, Curtis entered political life early, winning multiple terms from his district in Topeka, Kansas, starting in 1892 as a Republican to the US House of Representatives. He was elected to the US Senate first by the Kansas Legislature (in 1906), and then by popular vote (in 1914, 1920 and 1926), serving one six-year term from 1907 to 1913, and then most of three terms from 1915 to 1929 (when he became Vice President). His long popularity and connections in Kansas and national politics helped make Curtis a strong leader in the Senate; he marshaled support to be elected as Senate Minority Whip from 1915–1925 and then as Senate Majority Leader from 1925–1929. In these positions he was instrumental in managing legislation and accomplishing Republican national goals.
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Charles L. McNary
Charles Linza McNary (June 12, 1874 – February 25, 1944) was a United States Republican politician from Oregon. He served in the Senate from 1917 to 1944, and was Senate Minority Leader from 1933 to 1944. In the Senate, McNary helped to pass legislation that led to the construction of Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, and worked on agricultural and forestry issues. He also supported many of the New Deal programs at the beginning of the Great Depression. Until Mark O. Hatfield surpassed his mark in 1993, he was Oregon’s longest serving senator.
McNary was the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1940, on the ticket with presidential candidate Wendell Willkie. They lost to the Democratic ticket, composed of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was running for his third term as president, paired with Henry A. Wallace. McNary was a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1913 to 1915 and was dean of Willamette University College of Law, in his hometown of Salem, from 1908 to 1913. Before that, he was a deputy district attorney under his brother John Hugh McNary, who later became a federal judge for the District of Oregon.
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Cordell Hull
Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the "Father of the United Nations".
Hull was born in a log cabin in Olympus, which is now part of Pickett County, Tennessee, but was then part of Overton County. He became the elected chairman of the Clay County Democratic Party at the age of 19.
In 1891, Hull graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University and was admitted to the bar. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897. During the Spanish-American War, he served in Cuba as a captain in the Fourth Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
Hull served 11 terms in the United States House of Representatives (1907–1921 and 1923–1931) and authored the federal income tax laws of 1913 and 1916 and the inheritance tax of 1916. After an electoral defeat in 1920, Hull served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was elected to the Senate in 1930, but resigned upon being named Secretary of State in 1933.
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Dan Quayle
James Danforth "Dan" Quayle ( /ˈkweɪl/; born February 4, 1947) served as the 44th Vice President of the United States, serving with President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993). He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Indiana.
Quayle was born in Indianapolis but spent most of his childhood living in Arizona. He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. from Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974. He practiced law in Huntington, Indiana with his wife before being elected to the United States Congress in 1976, aged 29. In 1980, Quayle was elected to the Senate.
In 1988, Vice President George H. W. Bush was nominated for the presidency by the Republican Party and asked his party to nominate Quayle as his vice presidential running mate. Although this choice was met with some dismay, the Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over Democrats Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen. As vice president, Quayle made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council. He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 but the Bush/Quayle ticket was defeated by Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice-presidential running mate, Al Gore.
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Daniel Golden
Daniel Golden is an American journalist, working as an editor at large for Bloomberg News. He was previously senior editor at Conde Nast's now-defunct Portfolio magazine.
As Deputy Bureau Chief at the Boston bureau of the Wall Street Journal he received the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting in 2004 for a series of articles on admissions preferences in elite American universities, specifically relating to the enormous advantages enjoyed by more affluent white students. Golden is also a previous recipient of the 2003 George Polk Award for Educational Journalism.
He holds a B.A. from Harvard College.
He is the author of The Price of Admission: How America's Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Elite Colleges—and Who Gets Left Outside the Gates.
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David M. Key
David McKendree Key (January 27, 1824 – February 3, 1900) was a Democratic U.S. Senator from Tennessee from 1875 to 1877 as well as the U.S. Postmaster General under President Hayes.
Key was born in Greene County, Tennessee, the son of Reverend John and Margaret (Armitage) Key. In 1826 the family moved to Monroe County where Key was reared, graduating from Hiwassee College in 1850. He selected the legal profession as his vocation through life, and the same year of his graduation was admitted to the bar. He practiced law for two years at Madisonville, then worked for a short time in Kingston. He moved to Chattanooga in February 1853. He married Elizabeth Lenoir in 1857, and fathered nine children.
When the Civil War broke out, Key enlisted in the Forty-third Confederate Tennessee Regiment of Infantry, served until the close of the war, and was mustered out as a lieutenant colonel. He then resumed the practice of law until 1868.
Key was a member of the Tennessee state constitutional convention of 1870, which composed the basic instrument of government of the state still in effect, and in August of the same year was elected chancellor of the Chattanooga (3rd) division. He maintained his chancellorship during an unsuccessful campaign for the U.S. House in 1872, but resigned in 1875 to accept the appointment by Tennessee Governor James D. Porter to the vacant Senate seat created by the death of Andrew Johnson.
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David Petraeus
David Howell Petraeus (pronunciation: /pɨˈtreɪ.əs/; born November 7, 1952) is the current Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was sworn in on September 6, 2011. Prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, Petraeus was a four-star general serving over 37 years in the United States Army. His last assignments in the Army were as commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Commander, U.S. Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A) from July 4, 2010 to July 18, 2011. His other four-star assignments include serving as the 10th Commander, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) from October 13, 2008, to June 30, 2010, and as Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I) from February 10, 2007, to September 16, 2008. As commander of MNF-I, Petraeus oversaw all coalition forces in Iraq.
Petraeus has a B.S. degree from the United States Military Academy from which he graduated in 1974 as a distinguished cadet (top 5% of his class). He was the General George C. Marshall Award winner as the top graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College class of 1983. He subsequently earned an M.P.A. in 1985 and a Ph.D. degree in International Relations in 1987 from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. He later served as Assistant Professor of International Relations at the United States Military Academy and also completed a fellowship at Georgetown University.
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David T. Patterson
David Trotter Patterson (February 28, 1818 – November 3, 1891) was a United States Senator from Tennessee at the beginning of the Reconstruction Period.
A staunch Union supporter (as were most of his fellow East Tennesseans), he was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to the U.S. Senate when Tennessee became the first state which had been part of the former Confederacy to be readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866. He presented his credentials to the Senate on July 26, but they were challenged; he was not permitted to take the oath of office until July 28.
David Trotter was born at Cedar Creek, near Greeneville, Tennessee, on February 28, 1818. He attended the common schools and later Greeneville College for two years. He "read the law" with a local attorneys' office.
After being admitted to the bar in 1841, Trotter practiced as an attorney in Greeneville. He also engaged in manufacturing. He was appointed as a judge of the first circuit court of Tennessee 1854-1863. In addition, he acquired substantial amounts of land in East Tennessee and grew commodity crops.
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David Wu
David Wu (traditional Chinese: 吳振偉; simplified Chinese: 吴振伟; pinyin: Wú Zhènwěi; born April 8, 1955) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Oregon's 1st congressional district from 1999 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
As a child of immigrants from Taiwan, Wu was the first Chinese American and Taiwanese-American to serve in the House of Representatives. In the wake of accusations that he made unwanted sexual advances on the teenage daughter of a campaign donor and friend, Wu announced that he would resign from office following resolution of the debt ceiling crisis; he submitted his resignation on August 3, 2011. A special election was held on January 31, 2012, to fill the vacancy in advance of the regular 2012 election. Democrat Suzanne Bonamici defeated Republican challenger Rob Cornilles to win this special election.
Wu was born in Hsinchu, Taiwan. His parents were from Suzhou in Jiangsu province in China and settled in Taiwan due to the Chinese Civil War. The family moved to the United States in 1961. Wu spent his first two years in the U.S. in Latham, New York, where his family were the only Asian Americans in town.
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Don Nickles
Donald Lee Nickles (born December 6, 1948) is an American politician who was a Republican United States Senator from Oklahoma from 1981 until 2005. He was a fiscal and social conservative.
Don Nickles was born and raised in Ponca City, Oklahoma, where he attended the public schools. To help pay for their education at Oklahoma State, he and his wife operated a janitorial service (Don Nickles Professional Cleaning Service) in Stillwater, Oklahoma. He was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity at Oklahoma State University, and earned a BA in business administration in 1971
After college, he went to work for Nickles Machine Corporation in Ponca City, a business started in 1918 by his grandfather, Clair Nickles. He rose to be the company's vice president and general manager. He also served in the United States National Guard from 1970 until 1976.
A formative experience was the distress his family suffered following his father's death in 1961, when Nickles was thirteen. They had to sell off part of the family business to raise cash to pay the estate tax that was due.
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Ed Bryant
Edward Glenn Bryant, usually known as Ed Bryant, (born September 7, 1948), American politician, is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee (1995–2003). Born in Jackson, Tennessee, he earned his B.A. in 1970 and J.D. in 1972, both from the University of Mississippi. As a student he was active in the Sigma Nu fraternity. He later served in the United States Army, teaching constitutional law to cadets at West Point among other duties. From 1991-1993, he served as the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee. On December 12, 2008, he was sworn in as a U.S. Magistrate Judge for the Western District of Tennessee.
Bryant first became politically active in a high-profile way in 1988 when he served as an early organizer for the abortive presidential bid of conservative televangelist Pat Robertson. Earlier that year, Eighth District Congressman Ed Jones decided not to run for reelection. Bryant won the Republican nomination for the district, a largely Democratic area mostly in the northwestern part of the state. He lost in the general election to Union City attorney and state representative John S. Tanner. Bryant resumed the practice of law, having been appointed as United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee by President George H.W. Bush in 1991. He later moved to Henderson, near Jackson, located in the neighboring Seventh Congressional District.
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Edward W. Carmack
Edward Ward Carmack (November 5, 1858 – November 9, 1908) was an attorney, newspaperman, and political figure who served as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee from 1901 to 1907.
Following his political service, and after an unsuccessful run for Governor of Tennessee, he returned to his job as editor of the Nashville American. He was shot to death on November 9, 1908 over a feud precipitated by his editorial comments in the paper.
Carmack was born in Sumner County, Tennessee. He attended The Webb School, then at Culleoka, Tennessee. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878 and began practicing in Columbia, Tennessee. He served as Columbia city attorney in 1881, and was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1884.
Carmack joined the staff of the Nashville Democrat in 1889, later becoming editor-in-chief of the Nashville American when the two papers merged. He later (1892) served as editor of the Memphis Commercial, now The Commercial Appeal.
Throughout his career Carmack was known to use his newspapers to attack rivals. During Carmack's tenure with the Appeal, his editorials began an interesting dialogue with another famous Tennessee journalist, Ida B. Wells. Wells, known as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement", was also not one to withhold her opinions and spoke out about the plight of African Americans in Post-Reconstruction era in the South. Memphis in the 1890s was a hotbed of racial tension, and lynching crimes were commonplace. Wells launched an anti-lynching campaign in her newspaper, the Free Speech.
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Elizabeth Dole
Mary Elizabeth Alexander "Liddy" Hanford Dole (born July 29, 1936) is an American politician who served in both the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush presidential administrations, as well as a United States Senator.
A graduate of Duke University and Harvard Law School, Dole served as Secretary of Transportation under Ronald Reagan and Secretary of Labor under George H.W. Bush before becoming head of the American Red Cross. She then served as North Carolina's first female Senator from 2003 to 2009. She is a member of the Republican Party and former chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. She is married to former U.S. Senate Majority Leader and 1996 Republican presidential nominee Bob Dole.
Dole was born Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford in Salisbury, North Carolina, to Mary Ella (née Cathey; 1901–2004) and John Van Hanford (1893–1978).
She attended Duke University and is a sister of Delta Delta Delta. She graduated in 1958, and followed that with post-graduate work at Oxford in 1959. After Oxford, she took a job as a student teacher at Melrose High School in Melrose, Massachusetts for the 1959–1960 school year. While teaching, she also pursued her master's degree in education from Harvard University, which she earned in 1960, followed by a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1965. She is an alumna of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society and was recognized for being their leading orchid grower several times.
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Ephraim H. Foster
Ephraim Hubbard Foster (September 17, 1794 – September 6, 1854) twice served as a United States Senator from Tennessee. During his political career, he was a member of the Whig Party.
Foster was born near Bardstown, Kentucky in Nelson County. As an infant he moved with his parents to Tennessee, where they settled in the Nashville area. He later graduated from Cumberland College (1813) and later studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1820. He also served in the Creek War and was for a time private secretary to General Andrew Jackson.
He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1829 to 1831 and again from 1835 to 1837, serving each time as Speaker. Upon the resignation from the U.S. Senate of Felix Grundy to accept appointment as United States Attorney General, the Tennessee General Assembly elected Foster his successor. He served in the Senate for the first time from September 17, 1838 to March 4, 1839. The legislature elected him to continue in the new term, but he declined, refusing to take their instruction in how to vote while a Senator; the legislature then turned to Grundy, still Attorney General, to succeed him, which (controversially) Grundy agreed to do.
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Ernest McFarland
Ernest William McFarland (October 9, 1894 – June 8, 1984) was an American politician and, with Warren Atherton, is considered one of the "Fathers of the G.I. Bill". He is the only Arizonan to serve in the highest office in all three branches of Arizona government—two at the state level, one at the federal level. He was a Democratic Senator from Arizona from 1941 to 1953 (Majority Leader from 1951 to 1953) before serving as the tenth Governor of Arizona from 1955 to 1959. Finally McFarland sat as Chief Justice on the Arizona Supreme Court in 1968.
Born on a farm near Earlsboro, Oklahoma, on October 9, 1894. McFarland attended rural schools and graduated from East Central State Teachers' College, Ada, Oklahoma, in 1914 and from the University of Oklahoma at Norman, in 1917.
During World War I, he served in the United States Navy and nearly died of a bronchial infection. Following surgery by Navy surgeons, he was discharged in 1919 and sent to live in a drier climate. Thus, after the war McFarland moved to Phoenix, Arizona, and was employed as a clerk in a bank. He gathered enough money to pay for tuition and graduated with a law and political science degree from Stanford University in 1921. He moved back to Arizona, passed the bar exam, and commenced practice in Casa Grande. He soon developed an expertise in agricultural and water-use legislation, which would suit Arizona well in the future.
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Estes Kefauver
Carey Estes Kefauver ( /ˈɛstɨs ˈkiːfɔːvər/; July 26, 1903 – August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1939 to 1949 and in the Senate from 1949 to his death in 1963.
After leading a much-publicized investigation into organized crime in the early 1950s, he twice sought his party's nomination for President of the United States. In 1956, he was selected by the Democratic National Convention to be the running mate of presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson. Still holding his U.S. Senate seat after the Stevenson-Kefauver ticket lost to the Eisenhower-Nixon ticket in 1956, Kefauver was named chair of the U.S. Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee in 1957 and served as its chairman until his death.
Kefauver was born in Madisonville, Tennessee, to Robert Cooke Kefauver and Phredonia Bradford Estes. Robert Kefauver was a hardware manager. Estes attended the University of Tennessee from 1922 to 1924, receiving a bachelor of arts degree and being initiated into the Lambda Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. After a year of teaching mathematics and coaching football at a Hot Springs, Arkansas, high school, he attended Yale University, from which he received an LL.B. cum laude in 1927. For the next dozen years Kefauver practiced law in Chattanooga, first with the firm of Cooke, Swaney & Cooke, as a partner in Sizer, Chambliss & Kefauver, and later in the firm of Duggan, McDonald, & Kefauver. In 1935 he married Nancy Pigott of Glasgow, Scotland, eight years his junior, whom he had met during her visit to relatives in Chattanooga. They raised four children, one of them adopted. Mrs. Kefauver died in 1967.
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Everett Dirksen
Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician of the Republican Party. He represented Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives (1933–1949) and U.S. Senate (1951–1969). As Senate Minority Leader for over a decade, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s, including helping to write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Open Housing Act of 1968, both landmarks of civil rights legislation. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was known as "The Wizard of Ooze" for his oratorical style.
Dirksen was born to Johann Friedrich Dirksen and his wife Antje Conrady, German immigrants who lived in Pekin, Illinois, a small city near Peoria, Illinois. Everett had a fraternal twin, Thomas Dirksen, and also had a brother named Benjamin Harrison, a nod to the Republican leanings of his father, who died when Everett was nine years old.
Dirksen grew up on a farm on Pekin's outskirts, in a section called "Beantown" because immigrants grew beans instead of flowers. He attended the local schools and then entered the University of Minnesota Law School, but dropped out during World War I to enlist in the U.S. Army, serving as a second lieutenant in a field artillery battery. He was a member of the Reformed Church in America, founded by Dutch immigrants.
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Felix Grundy
Felix Grundy (September 11, 1775 – December 19, 1840) was a U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator from Tennessee who also served as the 13th Attorney General of the United States.
Born in Berkeley County, Virginia (now Berkeley County, West Virginia), he moved to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and then Kentucky with his parents. He was educated at home and at the Bardstown Academy in Bardstown, Kentucky. He then studied law and was admitted to the Kentucky bar and commenced practice in Springfield, Kentucky in 1799.
In 1799, Grundy was chosen to represent Washington County at the convention which drafted the second Kentucky Constitution. From 1800 to 1802, he represented Washington County in the Kentucky House of Representatives. He then moved to Nelson County, which he represented in the Kentucky House from 1804 to 1806. On December 10, 1806, he was commissioned an associate justice on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. He was elevated to Chief Justice of the court on April 11, 1807. Later that year, he resigned and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he again took up the practice of law.
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Frederick H. Schultz
Frederick H. Schultz (January 16, 1929 – November 23, 2009) was an American businessman, politician, and central banker. He served as the Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve System under United States President Jimmy Carter. Schultz also served as Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives in 1969 and 1970.
Schultz attended Princeton University for college and graduated with his bachelors degree in 1952. Schultz served as an artillery officer in the United States Army during the Korean War from 1952 to 1954, and was awarded the Bronze Star. Schultz later attended the University of Florida College of Law, graduated with his law degree in 1956.
Schultz served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970, and during his last two years he served as Speaker. From 1979 to 1982 he served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System. In addition he also served as Chairman of the Florida Institute of Education from 1983 to 1987.
On November 23, 2009, Schultz died of prostate cancer at his Jacksonville home at age 80.
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Gale Norton
Gale Ann Norton (born March 11, 1954) served as the 48th United States Secretary of the Interior from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. She was the first woman to hold the position.
Norton was born in Wichita, Kansas and raised in Wichita and Thornton, Colorado, and graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Denver in 1975 and earned her Juris Doctor degree with honors from that university's College of Law in 1978. She divorced her first husband, Harold Everett Reed, when he was publicly reported as gay by the Denver local gay newspaper, OutFront. She is currently married to John Hughes. In the late 1970s, she was a member of the Libertarian Party and was nearly selected as its national director in 1980. Norton was influenced by the works of novelist Ayn Rand, and has been associated with a number of groups in the "wise use" or "free-market environmentalist" movement, such as the Property and Environmental Research Center [2], of which she is a fellow. She also worked as Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture and, from 1979 to 1983, as a Senior Attorney for the Mountain States Legal Foundation.
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George H.W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States (1989–93). He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–89), a congressman, an ambassador, a Director of Central Intelligence, and is currently the oldest surviving president.
Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Senator Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed going to college, enlisted in the US Navy on his 18th birthday, and became the youngest aviator in the Navy at the time. He served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, becoming a millionaire by the age of 40.
He became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, serving as a member of the House of Representatives, among other positions. He ran unsuccessfully for president of the United States in 1980, but was chosen by party nominee Ronald Reagan to be the vice presidential nominee, and the two were subsequently elected. During his tenure, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting drug abuse.
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George J. Mitchell
George John Mitchell, Jr., GBE (born August 20, 1933) is an American politician and businessman. A Democrat, Mitchell was a United States Senator from Maine from 1980 to 1995 and was Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995.
Since retiring from the Senate, Mitchell has taken up a variety of positions in politics and business. He has taken a leading role in negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland and the Middle East, being specifically appointed United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland (1995-2001) by President Clinton and as United States Special Envoy for Middle East Peace (2009-2011) by President Obama. He was a primary architect of the 1996 Mitchell Principles and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, and was the main investigator in two "Mitchell Reports", one on the Arab–Israeli conflict (2001) and one on the use of performance enhancing drugs in baseball (2007).
Mitchell served as chairman of The Walt Disney Company from March 2004 until January 2007, and later as chairman of the international law firm DLA Piper. He was the Chancellor of Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, from 1999 to 2009. Mitchell currently serves as a co-chair of the Housing Commission at the Bipartisan Policy Center.
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George L. Berry
George Leonard Berry (September 12, 1882 – December 4, 1948) was president of the International Pressmen and Assistants' Union of North America from 1907 to 1948 and a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1937 to 1938.
Berry was born in Hawkins County, Tennessee, near Rogersville. He left home at a very early age, becoming a pressman's assistant in 1891. He worked in this trade and was a labor union activist, being elected president of its international union in 1907.
During his tenure, the Pressmen's Union acquired and operated the former Hale Springs Resort, a mineral water resort in East Tennessee not far from Berry's boyhood home, as a sanatorium for its members suffering from "consumption" (tuberculosis), a common ailment of its members in that era, a residential trade school for its members to learn more advanced trades and increase their income, and as its international headquarters.
Berry had learned of its availability during a visit to his home area in conjunction with a search of the relatively nearby Asheville, North Carolina area, then renowned for its supposed curative properties with regard to respiratory disease. This facility became known as the Pressmen's Home. It was designed to be largely self-sufficient, and one point had a large agricultural operation, and, prior to the coming of the Tennessee Valley Authority, its own hydroelectric power plant.
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George Murphy
George Lloyd Murphy (July 4, 1902 – May 3, 1992) was an American dancer, actor, and politician. Murphy was a song-and-dance leading man in many big-budget Hollywood musicals from 1930 to 1952. He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946, and was awarded an honorary Academy Award in 1951. Murphy served from 1965 to 1971 as U.S. Senator from California, the first notable U.S. actor to make the successful transition to politics, predating Ronald W. Reagan and Arnold Schwarzenegger.
He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and the former Nora Long. He was educated at Peddie School, Trinity-Pawling School, and Yale University in his native New Haven. He worked as a tool maker for the Ford Motor Company, as a miner, a real estate agent, and a night club dancer.
In movies, Murphy was famous as a song-and-dance man, appearing in many big-budget musicals such as Broadway Melody of 1938, Broadway Melody of 1940 and For Me and My Gal. He made his movie debut shortly after talking pictures had replaced silent movies in 1930, and his career continued until he retired as an actor in 1952, at the age of 50.
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George Voinovich
George Victor Voinovich (born July 15, 1936) is a former United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he served as the 65th Governor of Ohio from 1991 to 1998, and as the 54th mayor of Cleveland from 1980 to 1989.
George Voinovich has served more than 46 years in public service – first as assistant attorney general of Ohio in 1963, and finally as the senior United States Senator representing Ohio. He is the 15th person to serve as both governor of Ohio and U.S. senator and one of only two people to be mayor of Cleveland, governor of Ohio and United States Senator; the other was Frank J. Lausche, who like Voinovich was Slovenian. George Voinovich has been elected to more public offices than any other Ohioan. He is the only person to have served as both chairman of the National Governors Association and president of the National League of Cities.
In his 2004 re-election to the U.S. Senate, Voinovich garnered more than 3.4 million votes, nearly 64 percent. No other candidate in Ohio’s recorded history has received as many votes as Senator Voinovich did in 2004. Also in 2004, Senator Voinovich won all 88 of Ohio’s counties, a feat accomplished only once before – more than 100 years ago.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 and the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. The eldest son of Barbara Bush and George H. W. Bush, he was born in New Haven, Connecticut. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush worked in oil businesses. He married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. In a close and controversial election, Bush was elected President in 2000 as the Republican candidate, defeating Vice President Al Gore in the Electoral College. Bush is the second American president to have been the son of a former president. He is also the brother of Jeb Bush, former Governor of Florida.
Terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush's first term as president on September 11, 2001. In response, Bush announced the War on Terror, an international military campaign which included the war in Afghanistan launched in 2001 and the war in Iraq launched in 2003. In addition to national security issues, Bush promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, and social security reform. He signed into law broad tax cuts, the PATRIOT Act, the No Child Left Behind Act, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, and Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors. His tenure saw national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and enhanced interrogation techniques. His administration also withdrew the U.S. from a some international treaty processes, including the Kyoto Protocol on global warming.
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George W. Campbell
George Washington Campbell (February 9, 1769 – February 17, 1848) was an American statesman who served as a U.S. Representative, Senator, Tennessee Supreme Court Justice, U.S. Ambassador to Russia and the 5th United States Secretary of the Treasury from February to October 1814.
Born in Tongue, Highland, Scotland, he immigrated as a young lad to North Carolina in 1772 with his parents. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (which is now Princeton University) in 1794 and began studying law. He was admitted to the bar in North Carolina and began practicing in Knoxville, Tennessee.
He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as the Representative from Tennessee's at-large congressional district in 1803. He served in the House from 1805–1809, in the 8th, 9th, and 10th Congresses). During the 10th Congress, he was the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He was also one of the managers appointed in 1804 to conduct the impeachment hearings for John Pickering, judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire, and later in the same year, the impeachment hearings against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
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H. John Heinz III
Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 – April 4, 1991) was an American politician from Pennsylvania, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives (1971–1977) and the United States Senate (1977–1991).
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Heinz was the son of H. J. Heinz II (heir to the H. J. Heinz Company) and Joan Diehl. His parents divorced, and Heinz moved to San Francisco, California with his mother and his stepfather, U.S. Navy Captain Clayton C. McCauley. He graduated from the Town School, Phillips Exeter Academy, in 1956, and Yale University, where he was a member of Manuscript Society, in 1960. He then earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1963. In 1963, Heinz enlisted in the United States Air Force and served on active duty from June to December of that year at Lackland Air Force Base. He then served with the 911th Troop Carrier Group, based at the Greater Pittsburgh Airport, as a member of the United States Air Force Reserve. In 1969 his rank was staff sergeant.
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Harlan Mathews
Harlan Mathews (born January 17, 1927) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1993 to 1994.
Mathews is a native of Walker County, Alabama. He graduated from Jacksonville State College (now Jacksonville State University) with a B.A. degree in 1949 and subsequently obtained a master's degree in public administration from Vanderbilt University.
Mathews joined Tennessee state government in 1950, becoming part of the staff of the governor of Tennessee, successively serving governors Gordon Browning, Frank G. Clement, and Buford Ellington. In 1961 he was named to the Cabinet as Commissioner of Finance and Administration, a position he held until 1971. In 1962, he graduated from the YMCA Night Law School, now Nashville School of Law.
With the accession to office of Republican Winfield Dunn in January 1971, Mathews left the Cabinet and entered the private sector for two years, working for Amcon International in Memphis. In 1973 he became the legislative assistant to the longtime Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury, Bill Snodgrass. In 1974 he was elected State Treasurer by the Tennessee General Assembly when his predecessor, Tom Wiseman, resigned to run for governor. The Tennessee General Assembly elected him to his first full two-year term as treasurer in 1975, and he served in this office until January 1987, when he became deputy to the newly-elected governor, Ned R. McWherter.
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Harold Ford, Jr.
Harold Eugene Ford, Jr. (born May 11, 1970) is an American politician and was the last chairman of the now-defunct Democratic Leadership Council (DLC). He was a Democratic Party member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee's 9th congressional district, centered in Memphis, from 1997 to 2007. Ford did not seek re-election to his House seat in 2006 when he unsuccessfully sought the Senate seat vacated by retiring Bill Frist.
Ford is the son of former Congressman Harold Ford, Sr. and Dorothy Bowles Ford. He has three brothers — Jake, Isaac, and Andrew — and one sister, Ava. His family has long been prominent in Memphis' African American community; their influence dates back to the late 19th century, when E.H. Crump, a prominent white Democrat, dominated city and state politics and befriended Harold Ford Sr.'s grandfather, N.J. Ford.
Ford was baptised at his church, Mt. Moriah-East Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee. He attended Double Tree Elementary School, a public Montessori school in the Westwood neighborhood of South Memphis, and he graduated from the private St. Albans School for Boys, a prestigious university-preparatory school in Washington, D.C.. He received a B.A. in American history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1992. After graduation, he was a staff aide to the Senate Budget Committee, and in 1993 became special assistant at the United States Department of Commerce.
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Harold Ford, Sr.
Harold Eugene Ford, Sr. (born May 20, 1945) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing the Memphis, Tennessee area for 11 terms—from 1975 until his retirement in 1997. He was the first African-American to represent Tennessee in the U.S. Congress.
During his 20 years in Congress, Ford obtained ample federal funds for his district through his membership on the House Ways and Means Committee. He advocated for increased government assistance for lower income constituents including job training, health care, and supplemental unemployment benefits with welfare as a safety net. He supported President Carter's initiatives to rebuild central cities, and opposed Reagan era cuts to programs such as Medicare and food stamps. He proposed welfare reform legislation to gradually transition recipients from welfare to work, but it was not passed.
His effectiveness was diminished following his 1987 indictment on bank fraud charges that alleged he had used business loans for his personal needs. Ford denied the charges and claimed the prosecution was racially and politically motivated. He lost his committee leadership roles but remained in Congress while the legal proceeding were pending. He was ultimately tried and acquitted in 1993 of all charges by a jury of eleven whites and one African-American.
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Harry Reid
Harry Mason Reid (born December 2, 1939) is the senior United States Senator from Nevada, serving since 1987. A member of the Democratic Party, he has been the Senate Majority Leader since January 2007, having previously served as Minority Leader and Minority and Majority Whip.
Previously, Reid was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Nevada's 1st congressional district, and served in Nevada local and state government as city attorney of Henderson, a state legislator, the 25th Lieutenant Governor, and chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission.
As Senate Majority Leader and a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Harry Reid has achieved a more senior elected position in the United States government than any Mormon in history.
Reid was born in Searchlight, Nevada, the third of the four sons of Inez Orena (née Jaynes), a laundress, and Harry Vincent Reid, a miner. His paternal grandmother was an English immigrant from Darlston, Staffordshire. Reid's boyhood home had no indoor toilet, hot water or telephone. Searchlight had no high school, so Reid boarded with relatives 40 miles away in Henderson, Nevada to attend Basic High School where he played football, and was an amateur boxer. While at Basic High he met future Nevada governor Mike O'Callaghan, who was a teacher there. Reid attended Southern Utah University and graduated from Utah State University where he double majored in political science and history. Reid also minored in economics from the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business. He then went to George Washington University Law School earning a J.D. while working for the United States Capitol Police.
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Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot "Slim" Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican Senator and historian from Massachusetts. He had the role (but not the title) of Senate Majority leader. He is best known for his positions on foreign policy, especially his battle with President Woodrow Wilson in 1919 over the Treaty of Versailles. Lodge demanded Congressional control of declarations of war; Wilson refused and the United States Senate never ratified the Treaty nor joined the League of Nations.
Lodge was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was John Ellerton Lodge. His mother was Anna Cabot, through whom he was a great-grandson of George Cabot. Lodge grew up on Boston's Beacon Hill and spent part of his childhood in Nahant, Massachusetts where he witnessed the 1860 kidnapping of a classmate and gave testimony leading to the arrest and conviction of the kidnappers. He was cousin to the American polymath Charles Peirce.
In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club. In 1874, he graduated from Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, practicing at the Boston firm now known as Ropes & Gray. After traveling through Europe, Lodge returned to Harvard, and in 1876, became the first student of Harvard University to graduate with a Ph.D. in Political Science. His teacher and mentor during his graduate studies was Henry Adams; Lodge would maintain a lifelong friendship with Adams. Lodge wrote his dissertation on the ancient Germanic origins of Anglo-Saxon government; he later became a vocal proponent of the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon "race".
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Herbert S. Walters
Herbert Sanford Walters (November 17, 1891 – August 17, 1973) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1963 to 1964.
Walters was a native of Jefferson County, Tennessee. He was a graduate of the former Castle Heights Military Academy in Lebanon, Tennessee and attended Carson-Newman College in Jefferson City, Tennessee and the University of Tennessee.
Walters became a prominent banker in East Tennessee. He served a term in the Tennessee House of Representatives (1934 to 1936) prior to serving in the state Cabinet as Commissioner of Highways.
Walters was appointed to the Senate on August 20, 1963 by Tennessee Governor Frank G. Clement, upon the death of Senator Estes Kefauver. At age 71 when assuming office, Walters was immediately assumed to be a caretaker who would show no interest in being elected to the office in his own right, which proved to be correct. Political observers felt that Clement took this action in part because he intended to run for the office himself in the next election, which also proved to be correct, but was unwilling to face the consequences of appointing himself to the office in the interim, which would also led to his succession as governor by lieutenant governor Jared Maddux, an event which would have entailed additional consequences of its own. However, Clement failed to capture the Democratic nomination for the seat in the August 1964 Democratic primary.
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Hopkins L. Turney
Hopkins Lacy Turney (October 3, 1797 – August 1, 1857) was a Democratic U.S. Representative and United States Senator from Tennessee.
Turney was born in the Smith County settlement of Dixon Springs, Tennessee. As a youth, he was apprenticed to a tailor. He served in the Seminole War in 1818. Subsequent to this he studied law, and passed the bar examination and began a practice in Jasper, Tennessee. Later he moved to Winchester, Tennessee, continuing the practice of law. He was first elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1828.
He married Teresa Francis, the daughter of Miller Francis and Hannah Henry, in 1826. She was born December 9, 1809 and died September 5, 1879. Hopkins and Teresa were the parents of nine children.
Their son Peter Turney (September 22, 1827 – October 19, 1903) was Chief Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1870 to 1893; and served as governor of the U.S. state of Tennessee from 1893 to 1897.
He was then elected to the U.S. House, serving three terms in that body from 1837 to 1843, the 25th through 27th Congresses. Subsequent to this he was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to the U.S. Senate, returning to Washington, DC after a two-year hiatus and serving one six-year term in that body, where he was chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Retrenchment for four years and the U.S. Senate Committee on Patents and the Patent Office for two before returning to his law practice, which he engaged in until shortly before his death. He is buried in Winchester.
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Howard Baker
Howard Henry Baker, Jr. (born November 15, 1925) is a former Senate Majority Leader, Republican U.S. Senator from Tennessee, White House Chief of Staff, and a former United States Ambassador to Japan.
Known in Washington, D.C. as the "Great Conciliator," Baker is often regarded as one of the most successful senators in terms of brokering compromises, enacting legislation, and maintaining civility. A story is sometimes told of a reporter telling a senior Democratic senator that privately, a plurality of his Democratic colleagues would vote for Baker for President of the United States. The senator is reported to have replied, "You're wrong. He'd win a majority."[citation needed]
Baker was born in Huntsville, in Scott County, Tennessee, the son of Dora Ann (née Ladd) and Howard H. Baker, Sr. His father served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1951 until 1964, representing a traditionally Republican district in East Tennessee. Baker attended The McCallie School in Chattanooga, and after graduating he attended Tulane University in New Orleans. During World War II, he trained at a U.S. Navy facility on the campus of the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee in the V-12 Navy College Training Program. He served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 and graduated from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1949. That same year, he was admitted to the Tennessee bar and commenced his practice. The rotunda at the University of Tennessee College of Law is now named for him. While delivering a commencement speech during his grandson’s graduation at East Tennessee State University (Johnson City), Baker was awarded an honorary doctorate degree on May 5, 2007. Baker is an alumnus of the Alpha Sigma Chapter of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity.
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Hugh Lawson White
Hugh Lawson White (October 30, 1773 – April 10, 1840) was a prominent American politician during the first third of the 19th century. He succeeded Andrew Jackson and served in the United States Senate, representing Tennessee, from 1825 until his resignation in 1840, and was a Whig candidate for President in 1836. He also served as a state supreme court justice, and president of the Knoxville branch of the Bank of Tennessee.
An ardent strict constructionist and lifelong states' rights advocate, White was one of President Jackson's most trusted allies in Congress in the late 1820s and early 1830s. White fought against the national bank, tariffs, and the use of federal funds for internal improvements, and led efforts in the Senate to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830. In 1833, at the height of the Nullification Crisis, White, as the Senate's president pro tempore, coordinated negotiations over the Clay compromise.
Suspicious of the growing power of the presidency, White began to distance himself from Jackson in the mid-1830s, and realigned himself with Henry Clay and the burgeoning Whig Party. He was eventually forced out of the Senate when Jackson's allies, led by James K. Polk, gained control of the Tennessee state legislature and demanded his resignation.
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Hugh Scott
Hugh Doggett Scott, Jr. (November 11, 1900 – July 21, 1994) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives (1941–1945, 1947–1959) and the U.S. Senate (1959–1977). As a Senator, he served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977. He was also chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1948 to 1949.
The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee (née Lewis) Scott, Hugh Doggett Scott, Jr. was born on an estate in Fredericksburg, Virginia, that was once owned by George Washington. His grandfather served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under General John Hunt Morgan, and his great-grandmother was the niece of President Zachary Taylor. After attending public schools in Fredericksburg, he studied at Randolph–Macon College in Ashland, from where he graduated in 1919. He enrolled in the Student Reserve Officers Training Corps and the Students' Army Training Corps during World War I.
In 1922, Scott earned his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law at Charlottesville, where he was a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity. His interest in politics was established after frequently attending committee hearings in the Virginia House of Delegates.
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Isham G. Harris
Isham Green Harris (February 10, 1818 – July 8, 1897) was an American politician. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1857 to 1862 and as a U.S. Senator from 1877 until his death.
As governor, his decision not to respond to President Abraham Lincoln's request for troops to quell the secession of the Southern states helped make Tennessee the last state to join the Confederacy. During the American Civil War, Harris served as staff officer in the Confederate Army.
Following the defeat of the CSA, Harris fled to Mexico, but returned to Memphis after learning most Confederate officials were not being prosecuted for treason. He was subsequently elected to four terms in the United States Senate and served as its President pro tempore.
Harris was born in Franklin County, Tennessee near Tullahoma. He was the ninth child of Isham Green Harris, a farmer and Methodist minister, and his wife Lucy Davidson Harris. His parents had moved from North Carolina to Middle Tennessee in 1806. He was educated at Carrick Academy in Winchester, Tennessee until he was fourteen. He moved to Paris, Tennessee where he joined up with his brother William, an attorney, and became a store clerk. In 1838, with funds provided by his brother, Harris established his own business in Ripley, Mississippi, an area that had only been recently opened to settlers after a treaty with the Chickasaw Indians.
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James B. Frazier
James Beriah Frazier (October 18, 1856 – March 28, 1937) was the 25th Governor of Tennessee from 1903 to 1905 and subsequently a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1905 to 1911.
Frazier was the son of a judge and a native of Bledsoe County, Tennessee. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1878 and admitted to the bar in 1881, commencing practice in Chattanooga. A prosperous attorney, he was elected governor in 1902 as a Democrat. There were further reforms in education during his term as governor, and he was elected to a second two-year term in 1904. However, he served only two months of it. When U.S. Senator William B. Bate died in office, he arranged to have himself appointed to the vacant seat, resigning as governor on March 21, 1905. He was succeeded as governor by Speaker of the Tennessee Senate John I. Cox. He served as U.S. Senator until 1911. Unable to convince the state legislature to grant him another term (U.S. Senators were chosen by state legislatures until the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment), he returned to his Chattanooga law practice, dying in that city in 1937 and being buried in its Forest Hill Cemetery.
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James C. Hormel
James Catherwood Hormel (born January 1, 1933) is an American philanthropist and grandson of George A. Hormel, founder of Hormel Foods (producers of Spam and other processed meat products).
Hormel was born in Austin, Minnesota. He earned a B.A. in history (1955) from Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania and a law degree (1958) from the University of Chicago Law School where he later served as dean of students and director of admissions. In 1981 he was one of the founders of the Human Rights Campaign. He was a member of the 1995 United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the 1996 U.S. delegation to the United Nations General Assembly, and the boards of directors of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the American Foundation for AIDS Research. Hormel funded the creation of James C. Hormel Gay & Lesbian Center at the San Francisco Public Library in 1995. It is the gateway to collections documenting lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) history and culture, with a special emphasis on the San Francisco Bay Area.
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James C. Jones
James Chamberlain (Chamberlayne) Jones (April 20, 1809 – October 29, 1859) was the Governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, and a United States Senator from that state from 1851 to 1857. While governor he was a Whig and was initially elected to the Senate as a Whig; however while in that body he switched parties, leaving the moribund Whigs for the Democrats.
A thin man whose nickname was "Lean Jimmy" (he stood 6' 2" but weighed only 130 pounds), Jones was born in Davidson County, Tennessee and was the first native-born Tennessean to be elected governor. He had been educated as a lawyer, but was farming in Wilson County when elected to the state legislature in 1839. He opposed incumbent Governor James K. Polk for reelection in 1841, defeating the future President. He was said to have been the first Tennessee politician to master the art of "stump" speaking (which often at the time literally consisted of delivering a speech from atop a freshly cut tree stump). When Polk opposed him for a second term in 1843, Jones defeated him again.
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James Dobson
James Clayton "Jim" Dobson, Jr. (born April 21, 1936) is an American evangelical Christian author, psychologist, and founder in 1977 of Focus on the Family (FOTF), which he led until 2003. In the 1980s he was ranked as one of the most influential spokesmen for conservative social positions in American public life. Although never an ordained minister, he was called "the nation's most influential evangelical leader" by Time while Slate portrayed him as a successor to evangelical leaders Billy Graham, Jerry Falwell, and Pat Robertson.
He is no longer affiliated with Focus on the Family. Dobson founded Family Talk as a non-profit organization in 2010 and launched a new radio broadcast, "Family Talk with Dr. James Dobson", that began May 3, 2010 on over 300 stations nationwide. As part of his former role in the organization, he produced Focus on the Family, a daily radio program which according to the organization was broadcast in more than a dozen languages and on over 7,000 stations worldwide, and reportedly heard daily by more than 220 million people in 164 countries.Focus on the Family was also carried by about sixty U.S. television stations daily. He founded the Family Research Council in 1981.
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James E. Bailey
James Edmund Bailey (August 15, 1822 – December 29, 1885) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1877 to 1881.
Bailey was born in Montgomery County, Tennessee. He attended the Clarksville Academy and the former University of Nashville. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1843, starting a practice in Clarksville, Tennessee. In 1853 he was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives as a Whig.
During the Civil War he served in the 49th Tennessee as a colonel. He was appointed by governor of Tennessee John C. Brown to the Court of Arbitration in 1874. He was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly as a Democrat to the balance of the unexpired term of the late Andrew Johnson, serving from January 19, 1877 to March 4, 1881. In the 46th Congress he was chairman of the Senate Committee on Education and Labor. His efforts to effect his reelection were unsuccessful, and upon the expiry of his term he returned to the practice of law in Clarksville. He died in Clarksville and is buried in that city's Greenwood Cemetery.
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Jenkin Whiteside
Jenkin Whiteside (1772 – September 25, 1822) was an attorney who served as a United States Senator from Tennessee.
Whiteside was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In Pennsylvania he studied the law and was admitted to the bar there. Moving to Knoxville, Tennessee he commenced practice there, and in 1801 and 1802 served as a Knoxville commissioner.
In 1809 he was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to replace Daniel Smith, who had resigned from the United States Senate, serving until his own resignation on October 8, 1811, resuming the practice of law.
He was succeeded as senator by George W. Campbell. In 1821, he died and was buried in Nashville.
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Jesse Wharton
Jesse Wharton (July 29, 1782 – July 22, 1833) was an attorney who briefly represented Tennessee in each house of Congress.
Wharton was born in Albemarle County, Virginia and studied law and was admitted to the Virginia bar. Moving to Tennessee, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives from that state in 1806, serving from 1807 to 1809. He was later appointed a United States Senator upon the resignation of George W. Campbell, serving in that body from March 17, 1814 to October 10, 1815, and then returning to his law practice. In 1832 he was named to the Board of Visitors of the United States Military Academy. He died in Nashville, Tennessee the next year and is buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery.
(Some of the biographical detail in this article is derived from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. In turn, some of the material from that source is derived from the book Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of Their Successors by Senator Kenneth McKellar.)
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Jim Cooper
James Hayes Shofner "Jim" Cooper (born July 19, 1954) is the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 5th congressional district (based in Nashville), serving since 2003. He is a member of the Democratic Party and the Blue Dog Coalition. He previously represented Tennessee's 4th congressional district from 1983 to 1995.
Cooper was born in Nashville and raised in Shelbyville, Tennessee. He is the son of former governor Prentice Cooper and his wife Hortense. He is an Eagle Scout. Jim Cooper attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was a member of the Alpha Sigma Chapter of the Chi Psi fraternity, a recipient of the Morehead-Cain Scholarship, and earned a B.A. in history and economics. Cooper won a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford, where he earned a B.A./M.A. in politics and economics in 1977. In 1980, he received a J.D. from Harvard Law School.
After getting his law degree, he spent two years working for the law firm Waller, Lansden, Dortch and Davis in Nashville, then ran for Congress in 1982.
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Jim Sasser
James Ralph "Jim" Sasser (born September 30, 1936) is an American politician and attorney. A Democrat, Sasser served three terms as a United States Senator from Tennessee (1977–1995) and was Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. From 1995 to 1999, during the Clinton Administration, he was the United States Ambassador to China.
James Ralph Sasser was born in Memphis, Tennessee on September 30, 1936. He attended public schools in Nashville. Sasser attended the University of Tennessee from 1954 to 1955, where he joined the Lambda Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. He earned his undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in 1958; followed by his law degree from Vanderbilt Law School in 1961. He was admitted to the Tennessee Bar in 1961 and began practicing law in Nashville.
From 1957 to 1963, Sasser served in the United States Marine Corps Reserves.
Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, Jim Sasser was a long time Democratic activist, manager of Albert Gore, Sr.'s unsuccessful 1970 reelection campaign. A lawyer by trade, Sasser sought election in his own right and won his party's 1976 nomination for the Senate. He defeated, among others, Nashville entrepreneur and attorney John Jay Hooker, then still considered to be a serious candidate due to his strong personality, his (intermittent) wealth, and his connections with the Nashville Tennessean's controlling Seigenthaler family. His son Gray Sasser, also a lawyer, is the past chair of the Tennessee Democratic Party.
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Jimmy Quillen
James Henry Quillen, usually known as Jimmy Quillen (January 11, 1916 – November 2, 2003) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee from 1963 to 1997.
Quillen was born in Scott County, Virginia, son of John A. and Hannah Quillen, near the Tennessee line and was later a 1934 graduate of Dobyns-Bennett High School in Kingsport, Tennessee. Quillen worked as a restaurant kitchen prep worker, a grocery store clerk, a copy boy, and later as a young adult, an advertising salesman for a Kingsport newspaper.
During 1936, Quillen invested his own personal savings of $42 to become the publisher and owner of The Kingsport Mirror, a weekly newspaper that he started in Kingsport, Tennessee. Quillen sold The Kingsport Mirror during 1939 and moved to Johnson City, Tennessee (where he resided at the Montrose Court Apartments) to start up another weekly newspaper, The Johnson City Times.
Prior to the U.S. entry into World War II, Quillen received a two-year Selective Service System Class 3-A draft deferment beginning in December 1940 through late November 1942.
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Joe L. Evins
Joseph Landon Evins (October 24, 1910–March 31, 1984) was a Democratic U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1947 to 1977.
Evins was a native of the Blend Community of DeKalb County, Tennessee, the son of James Edgar Evins and Myrtie Goodson Evins. His father was a Tennessee state senator and a successful local businessman.
Joe L. Evins graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1933 and the Cumberland School of Law in Lebanon, Tennessee in 1934, as well as The George Washington University. He was admitted to the bar in that same year and began practice in Smithville, county seat of DeKalb County.
In 1935 Evins was named a staff attorney for the Federal Trade Commission, and served in this position until 1938, when he was named the FTC's assistant secretary, a position which he held until 1940. Shortly after U.S. entry into World War II, he was commissioned in the United States Army Judge Advocate General Corps, serving on active duty until 1946, when he resumed his law practice in Smithville. Upon his return, he was also elected chairman of the DeKalb County Democratic Party. Later in that same year, he won the nomination of the Democratic Party for the seat from the 5th District. He won the election easily in this solidly-Democratic area, and was re-elected to fourteen more terms, generally with little or no opposition. His district was renumbered the 4th after the 1950 Census, when Tennessee lost a congressional district.
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John Cornyn
John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is the junior United States Senator for Texas, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was elected Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee for the 111th U.S. Congress.
John Cornyn was voted one of the "most conservative congressman" by the National Journal in 2010.
Cornyn was born in Houston, the son of Atholene Gale Cornyn (née Danley) and John Cornyn II, a colonel in the U.S.A.F. He graduated from Trinity University in 1973, where he majored in journalism and was a member of Chi Delta Tau. He earned a J.D. from St. Mary's University School of Law in 1977 and an LL.M. from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1995.
He served in San Antonio for six years as a district judge before being elected as a Republican in 1990 to the Texas Supreme Court, on which he served for seven years.
In 1998, Cornyn decided to run to become Texas Attorney General. In the March primary, Barry Williamson, Railroad Commissioner, placed first with 38% of the vote but failed to get the 50% threshold necessary to win the Republican nomination. Cornyn, then-State Supreme Court Justice, got second place with 32% and Tom Pauken, former Chairman of the Texas Republican party, got third place with 30%. In the April run-off election, Cornyn defeated Williamson 58% to 42%. In the general election, Cornyn defeated Jim Mattox, former U.S. Congressman and Attorney General (1983–1991), with 54% of the vote. Cornyn became only the second Republican to have held the position.
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John Ensign
John Eric Ensign, DVM (born March 25, 1958) is a former United States Senator from Nevada, serving from January 2001 until he resigned in May 2011 amid an investigation of an ethics violation related to an extramarital affair. He is a member of the Republican Party and the former chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee.
Ensign is now working as a veterinarian at West Flamingo Animal Hospital in Las Vegas.
Ensign was born in Roseville, California, to Sharon Lee Cipriani and a father whose surname was Mueller; his maternal grandfather was of Italian descent. Ensign says that he is one eighth (1/8) Filipino American, his Philippine-born paternal grandfather having been half-Filipino and half-German. Ensign's family moved to Nevada when he was a child. His mother remarried Michael S. Ensign, a gaming industry executive who subsequently became chairman of the board of directors of Mandalay Bay, and who adopted John.
Ensign attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, becoming a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and later graduated from Oregon State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1981. He went on to receive his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from the Colorado State University in 1985 and entered veterinary practice soon after. He then became a successful businessman, opening a 24-hour animal hospital in Las Vegas. He owned two animal hospitals before entering politics.
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John K. Shields
John Knight Shields (August 15, 1858 – September 30, 1934) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1913 to 1925.
Shields was born at his family's estate "Clinchdale", near the early pioneer settlement of Bean's Station, Tennessee in Grainger County. His education as a youth was by private tutors, a sign of the family's affluence. He studied law and was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1879. He practiced in the counties surrounding his home until 1893, when he was named Chancellor of the former 12th Chancery Division. The next year, he resumed private practice in nearby Morristown, in Hamblen County.
In 1902 Shields became an Associate Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court, an office which he held until 1910 when he was named Chief Justice. He resigned that post in 1913, becoming the last Tennessean elected to the U.S. Senate by the Tennessee General Assembly prior to the 17th Amendment coming into effect. Shields was popularly reelected in 1918 but in 1924 lost the Democratic nomination to Lawrence Tyson, and returned to the private practice of law, this time in Knoxville.
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John R. Bolton
John Robert Bolton (born November 20, 1948) is an American lawyer and diplomat who has served in several Republican administrations. Appointed on a recess appointment, he served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from August 2005 until December 2006. He resigned in December 2006, when the recess appointment would have otherwise ended, because he was unlikely to win senate confirmation.
Bolton is currently a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), frequent op-ed contributor to the Wall Street Journal and the National Review, Fox News Channel commentator, and of counsel to the law firm Kirkland & Ellis, in their Washington D.C. office. He is also involved with a broad assortment of other conservative think tanks and policy institutes, including the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA), Project for the New American Century (PNAC), Institute of East-West Dynamics, National Rifle Association, U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, and the Council for National Policy (CNP). Known for his strong views on foreign policy, often equating diplomacy with weakness and indecisiveness, Bolton is often described as a neoconservative, though he personally rejects the term.
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John S. Tanner
John S. Tanner (born September 22, 1944) is the former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 8th congressional district, serving from 1989 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Tanner was born in Halls, Tennessee and grew up in Union City, Tennessee. Following graduation from the University of Tennessee, he served in the United States Navy from 1968 to 1972. He was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1976, replacing Larry Bates, who mounted an unsuccessful primary challenge against U.S. Congressman Ed Jones.
When Jones retired in 1988, Tanner won the Democratic nomination for the seat and handily defeated Republican nominee Ed Bryant, who went on to represent the neighboring 7th District from 1995 to 2003. Tanner was reelected in 1990 with no major-party opposition, a feat he repeated in 1992. In 1998, he was completely unopposed. He handily defeated Republican opponents in 1994 (the only time besides his initial election that he faced a serious or well-funded challenger), 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. In 2004 and 2008, he faced James L. Hart, an avowed eugenicist. On both occasions, Hart was disavowed by the state Republican Party.
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John Thune
John Randolph Thune (born January 7, 1961) is the junior United States Senator from South Dakota and a member of the Republican Party. He previously served as a United States Representative for South Dakota's At-large congressional district.
Thune was born in the small town of Murdo, South Dakota, the son of Yvonne Patricia (née Bodine) and Harold Richard Thune. Thune's paternal grandfather was an immigrant from Norway who partnered with his brother to start Thune Hardware stores in Mitchell and Murdo, South Dakota. His maternal grandfather was from Ontario in Canada. Thune was a star athlete in high school, taking his basketball team near a state championship, and also played college basketball at Biola University.
Thune, who identifies as an evangelical Christian, graduated from Biola University, California in 1983 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business. Thune received the degree of Master of Public Administration from the University of South Dakota in 1984.
Thune worked as a legislative aide for U.S. Senator James Abdnor from 1985 to 1987. In 1980, Abdnor defeated U.S. Senator George McGovern, succeeding him. When Abdnor was defeated in 1986 by Tom Daschle, Thune followed Abdnor to the Small Business Administration under the Reagan Administration. In 1989, he returned to South Dakota, where he served as executive director of the Republican Party for two years.
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John Tower
John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was the first Republican United States senator from Texas since Reconstruction. He served from 1961 until his retirement in January 1985, after which time he was appointed as the chairman of the Reagan-appointed Tower Commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. He was George H. W. Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense in 1989, but he was rejected by the Senate by a vote of 53 to 47.
Tower was born in Houston to Joe Z. Tower (1898–1970) and Beryl Tower (1898–1990). Joe Tower was a Methodist minister, and John traveled wherever his father was named to pastor a church. He attended public schools in East Texas and graduated in Beaumont, the seat of Jefferson County, in southeast Texas in the spring of 1942.
Tower was active in politics as a child; at the age of thirteen, he passed out handbills for the campaign of liberal Democrat and future U.S. Senator Ralph William Yarborough while Yarborough was running unsuccessfully for attorney general. Yarborough and Tower would later be paired as Texas's Senate delegation, though of opposing political perspectives. He entered Southwestern University in Georgetown (Williamson County near Austin) that same year and met future U.S. President and political opponent Lyndon Baines Johnson on a campus visit while Johnson was the local congressman.
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Jon Kyl
Jon Llewellyn Kyl (/ˈkaɪl/; born April 25, 1942) is the junior United States Senator from Arizona and the Senate Minority Whip, the second-highest position in the Republican Senate leadership. In 2010 he was recognized by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world for his persuasive role in the Senate.
The son of U.S. Representative John Henry Kyl, he was born and raised in Nebraska and lived for some time in Iowa. He received his bachelor's degree and law degree from the University of Arizona. He worked in Phoenix, Arizona as a lawyer and lobbyist before winning election to the United States House of Representatives, where he served from 1987 to 1995. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1994 and has been re-elected by large margins since.
Kyl was ranked by National Journal in 2007 as the fourth-most conservative U.S. Senator. He has been a fixture of Republican policy leadership posts, chairing the Republican Policy Committee (2003–2007) and the Republican Conference (2007). In December 2007 he became Senate Minority Whip. In February 2011, Kyl announced that he would not seek re-election to the Senate in 2012 and would retire at the end of his third term, which concludes on January 3, 2013. He expressly ruled out running for further office except, if offered, the Vice Presidency.
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Joseph Anderson
Joseph Inslee Anderson (November 5, 1757 – April 17, 1837) was an American soldier, judge, and politician, who served as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1799 to 1815, and later as the first Comptroller of the United States Treasury. He also served as one of three judges of the Southwest Territory in the 1790s, and was a delegate to the Tennessee state constitutional convention in 1796.
Anderson was born at White Marsh, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of William Anderson and Elizabeth Inslee. In 1776, following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, he enlisted in the 3rd New Jersey Regiment of the Continental Army, and rose to the rank of captain and paymaster in less than two years. Anderson fought at the Battle of Monmouth, and was with the army during its difficult 1777 wintering at Valley Forge. In 1781, he transferred to the 1st New Jersey Regiment, and fought with this unit at the Battle of Yorktown.
At the end of the war, Anderson was discharged with the rank of major. Having studied law prior to the war, he was admitted to the Delaware bar, and practiced law in Delaware from 1784 to 1791.
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Joseph S. Fowler
Joseph Smith Fowler (August 31, 1820 – April 1, 1902) was a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1866 to 1871.
Fowler was born in Steubenville, Ohio. He graduated from Grove Academy in that city and subsequently from Franklin College in New Athens, Ohio in 1843. He taught school in Shelby County, Kentucky in 1844. He served as a professor of mathematics at Franklin College in Davidson County, Tennessee from 1845 to 1849. He studied law in Bowling Green, Kentucky and was subsequently admitted to the bar and practiced in Tennessee until 1861. He also served as president of Howard Female College in Gallatin, Tennessee from 1856 to 1861.
Fowler was an ardent Unionist. He served as State Comptroller of Tennessee from 1862 until 1865. The official Tennessee Blue Book states that the holder of that office during this period was "Joseph S. Foster". It is likely that the Biographical Directory is the correct source; the Confederate state government of Tennessee was never very effective and largely dysfunctional due to the early loss of much Tennessee territory to Union forces by the Confederates and also because neither the Confederacy nor slavery had ever had much public support in East Tennessee. Most of the state was under the control of the Union military government of Abraham Lincoln's appointed governor, Andrew Johnson, for most of the duration of the American Civil War; his government was fairly functional and it is likely that Fowler served this regime as Comptroller and that the Blue Book records his name erroneously.
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Kenneth McKellar
Kenneth Douglas McKellar (January 29, 1869 – October 25, 1957) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953. A Democrat, he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history, and only a few others in American history have served longer in both houses.
McKellar was a native of Dallas County, Alabama and was graduated from the University of Alabama in 1891 and its law school in 1892. He moved to Memphis, Tennessee, and was admitted to the bar the same year. McKellar was first elected to the House in a special election in November 1911 to succeed George W. Gordon in the 10th Congressional District, which included Memphis. He won the seat in his own right in 1912 and was reelected in 1914 serving until his election to the United States Senate.
McKellar ran for the Senate in 1916, defeating incumbent Senator Luke Lea in the Democratic primary and winning the general election against former Republican Governor Ben W. Hooper. He was reelected to the Senate in 1922 (defeating former Senator Newell Sanders), 1928 (defeating former U.S. Assistant Attorney General James Alexander Fowler), 1934, 1940 (against Howard Baker, Sr., father of future Senator Howard Baker), and 1946.
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Kenneth S. Wherry
Kenneth Spicer Wherry (February 28, 1892 – November 29, 1951) was an American businessman, attorney, and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Nebraska from 1943 to 1951. He was Senate Minority Leader from 1949 to 1951.
Wherry was born in Liberty, Nebraska, to David Emery and Jessie (née Comstock) Wherry. He received his early education at public schools in Pawnee City, and graduated from the University of Nebraska (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi) in 1914. From 1915 to 1916, he studied business administration at Harvard University. During World War I, he served in the U.S. Navy Flying Corps (1917-18).
Following his military service, Wherry began a business career selling automobiles, furniture, and livestock; he was also a licensed undertaker with offices in Nebraska and Kansas. He also studied law and, after being admitted to the bar, entered private practice in Pawnee City.
Wherry entered politics as a member of the Pawnee city council, serving in 1927 and 1929. He was mayor of Pawnee City from 1929 to 1931, simultaneously serving as a member of the Nebraska State Senate from 1929 to 1932. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor in 1932 and for U.S. Senator in 1934.
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Lamar Alexander
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr. (born July 3, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Tennessee. He was previously the Conference Chair of the Republican Party from 2007 to 2012, the 45th Governor of Tennessee from 1979 to 1987, United States Secretary of Education from 1991 to 1993 under President George H. W. Bush and candidate for the Republican Presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.
Alexander was born in Maryville, Tennessee, where he was raised, to Genevra Floreine (née Rankin) and Andrew Lamar Alexander, a high school principal. In high school he was elected Governor of Tennessee Boys State. Alexander graduated with a B.A. from Vanderbilt University where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Chi Fraternity in 1962 and from the New York University School of Law in 1965. After graduating from law school, Alexander clerked for United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit judge John Minor Wisdom in New Orleans from 1965 to 1966.
In 1969 Alexander married Honey Buhler, who grew up in Victoria, Texas, and graduated from Smith College of Massachusetts. They had met during a softball game for Senate staff members; he was then a staffer for Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee while she worked for Senator John Tower of Texas. Together they have four children: Drew, Leslee, Kathryn, and Will.
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Lawrence Tyson
Lawrence Davis Tyson (July 4, 1861 – August 24, 1929) was an American general, politician and textile manufacturer, operating primarily out of Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He commanded the 59th Brigade of the 30th Infantry during World War I, and served as a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1925 until his death. Tyson also helped organize the Knoxville Cotton Mills in the early 20th century, and served as president of the second Appalachian Exposition in 1911.
A graduate of West Point, Tyson first saw military action during the Apache Wars in the 1880s. He moved to Knoxville in 1891 to teach military science at the University of Tennessee, and commanded the 6th Regiment Tennessee Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War. From 1902 to 1908, Tyson served in the Tennessee House of Representatives, and was Speaker of the House from 1903 to 1905. During the Meuse-Argonne Offensive of World War I, the 59th Brigade, under Tyson's leadership, became one of the first Allied brigades to break through the Hindenburg Line.
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Lincoln Davis
Lincoln Edward Davis (born September 13, 1943) is the former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 4th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Davis has spent most of his life in Fentress County, a mostly rural county in the state's coal-mining region. He graduated from Tennessee Technological University in 1966 with a degree in agriculture. Davis, who now lives in the rural Fentress County village of Pall Mall, also owns a construction business, Diversified Construction Co., which builds homes, apartments and offices. Davis and his wife Lynda, an elementary school teacher, have three daughters, Larissa, Lynn and Libby, and five grandchildren.[citation needed]
Davis began his political career in 1978, when he was elected mayor of Byrdstown. Midway through his term as mayor, he was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives, where he served two terms. He gave up the seat in 1984 to run for the Democratic nomination in the 6th District when Al Gore gave it up to make a successful run for the United States Senate. He narrowly lost the primary to state Democratic Party chairman Bart Gordon. Ten years later, he ran for the Democratic nomination in the 4th District after Jim Cooper gave up the seat to make an unsuccessful run for Gore's Senate seat. He lost narrowly again, this time to one of Cooper's former assistants, Jeff Whorley, who in turn lost the general election to Republican Van Hilleary. In 1996, he was elected to the Tennessee State Senate and served two terms there.
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Luke Lea (1879–1945)
Luke Lea (April 12, 1879 – November 18, 1945) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917.
Lea was the great-grandson of an earlier Luke Lea who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson he later later became a member of the Whig Party.
The younger Lea attended public schools and then the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating from that institution in 1899. He then attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, completing his studies at that prestigious institution in 1903 and being admitted to the bar the same year, beginning practice in Nashville.
Lea was the founder of the Nashville Tennessean and its first editor and publisher. He was elected to the Senate by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1911. He was an enthusiastic supporter of most of the progressive policies of Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, a fellow native of the South and to that point only the second member of the Democratic Party elected President (in 1912) since the end of the Civil War. During the 63rd Congress, Lea was chairman of the Senate Committee on the Library (of Congress).
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States (1963–1969), a position he assumed after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States (1961–1963). He is one of only four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President. Johnson, a Texas Democrat, served as a United States Representative from 1937–1949 and as a Senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.
Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, completed the rest of Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and as President, he was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty." He was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his coercion of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation.
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Lyndon Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States (1963–1969), a position he assumed after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States (1961–1963). He is one of only four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President. Johnson, a Texas Democrat, served as a United States Representative from 1937–1949 and as a Senator from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running mate for the 1960 presidential election.
Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, completed the rest of Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and as President, he was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty." He was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his coercion of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation.
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Marion Barry
Marion Shepilov Barry, Jr. (born March 6, 1936) is an American Democratic politician who is currently serving as a member of the Council of the District of Columbia, representing DC's Ward 8. Barry served as the second elected mayor of the District of Columbia from 1979 to 1991, and again as the fourth mayor from 1995 to 1999. In addition to his current term, Barry also served two other tenures on the D.C. Council, as an At-Large member from 1975–79, and as Ward 8 representative from 1992–95. In the 1960s he was involved in the Civil Rights Movement, serving as the first president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Barry came to national prominence as mayor of the national capital, the first prominent civil-rights activist to become chief executive of a major American city; he gave the presidential nomination speech for Jesse Jackson at the 1984 Democratic National Convention. His celebrity transformed into international notoriety in January 1990, when Barry was videotaped smoking crack cocaine and arrested by FBI officials on drug charges. The arrest and subsequent trial precluded Barry seeking re-election, and Barry served six months in a federal prison. After his release, however, he was elected to the D.C. city council in 1992 and ultimately returned to the mayoralty in 1994, serving from 1995 to 1999.
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Marsha Blackburn
Marsha Wedgeworth Blackburn (born June 6, 1952) is the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 7th congressional district, serving since 2003. She is a member of the Republican Party. The district stretches from the suburbs of Nashville to the suburbs of Memphis.
Born Marsha Wedgeworth in Laurel, Mississippi, Blackburn attended Northeast Jones High School and graduated from Mississippi State University where she joined Chi Omega, and where she also spent a few summers working with the Southwestern Company. She owned and operated a marketing company in Williamson County Tennessee.
Blackburn began her political career in 1977 as a founding member of the Williamson County Young Republicans. She served as chairwoman of the Williamson County Republican Party from 1989 to 1991. Her elective political career began in 1992, when she won the Republican nomination for the 6th District, which at the time included her home in Brentwood. She lost by 16 percentage points to longtime congressman Bart Gordon. In 1995, she was appointed chairwoman of the Tennessee Film, Entertainment & Music Commission. She won elective office for the first time in 1998, when she was elected to the Tennessee State Senate, representing Williamson County and a sliver of Davidson County. She led efforts to prevent the passage of a state income tax championed by Governor Don Sundquist.
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Mike Mansfield
Michael Joseph Mansfield (March 16, 1903 – October 5, 2001) was an American politician and diplomat. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Representative (1943–1953) and a U.S. Senator (1953–1977) from Montana. He was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, serving from 1961 to 1977. During his tenure, he shepherded Great Society programs through the Senate, but strongly opposed the Vietnam War.
After retiring from the Senate, Mansfield served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1977 to 1988, and upon retiring as ambassador, was awarded the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1989), in part for his role in the impeachment of Republican President Richard Nixon Mansfield is the longest serving American ambassador to Japan in history.
After his ambassadorship, Mansfield served for a time as a senior adviser on East Asian affairs to Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment banking firm.
Mansfield was born in the Brooklyn section of New York City to Patrick J. Mansfield and Josephine (née O'Brien) Mansfield, who were both Irish Catholic immigrants. His mother died from pneumonia in 1906, and his father subsequently sent Michael and his two sisters to live with an aunt and uncle in Great Falls, Montana. He attended local public schools, and worked in his relatives' grocery store. He turned into a habitual runaway, even living at a state orphanage in Twin Bridges for half a year.
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Mitch McConnell
Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell, Jr. (born February 20, 1942), a Republican American, is the senior United States Senator from Kentucky and the Minority Leader. He is the longest serving U.S. Senator in Kentucky history.
McConnell was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama to Julia (née Shockley) and Addison Mitchell McConnell.
McConnell was raised in southern Louisville, Kentucky, where he attended the duPont Manual High School, and in 1964 he graduated with honors from the University of Louisville with a B.A. in political science. He was student body president and a member of the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. McConnell has maintained strong ties to his alma mater, and "remains a rabid fan of its sports teams." He graduated in 1967 from the University of Kentucky College of Law, where he was elected president of the Student Bar Association.
McConnell became a member of the 100th Division (Training), U.S. Army Reserve, in Louisville, Kentucky, during his final semester of law school; and he reported for his six months of active service, primarily for training, in July 1967. After induction at Fort Knox, Kentucky, McConnell was released early from his active-duty military service in August 1967. McConnell received a medical discharge for optic neuritis, which is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
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Nancy Reagan
Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921) is the widow of former United States President Ronald Reagan and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
Nancy was born in New York City; her parents divorced soon after her birth and she grew up in Maryland, living with an aunt and uncle while her mother pursued acting jobs. As Nancy Davis, she was an actress in Hollywood in the 1940s and 1950s, starring in films such as Donovan's Brain, Night into Morning, and Hellcats of the Navy. In 1952 she married Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild, and they had two children. Nancy was the First Lady of California when her husband was Governor from 1967 to 1975. In that capacity, she began work with the Foster Grandparents Program.
Nancy Reagan became First Lady of the United States in January 1981 following her husband's election. She was criticized early in his first term largely due to her decision to replace the White House china, despite it being paid for by private donations. Nancy restored a Kennedy-esque glamor to the White House following years of lax formality, and her interest in high-end fashion garnered much attention, as well as criticism. She championed recreational drug prevention causes by founding the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign, which was considered her major initiative as first lady. Always protective of her husband, more controversy ensued when it was revealed in 1988 that she had consulted an astrologer to assist in planning the president's schedule after the 1981 assassination attempt on her husband. She had a strong influence on her husband and played a role in a few of his personnel and diplomatic decisions.
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Nathan L. Bachman
Nathan Lynn Bachman (August 2, 1878 – April 23, 1937) was a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1933 until his death. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Bachman was born in East Tennessee. He attended several colleges, including the former Southwestern Presbyterian University in Clarksville, Tennessee (the predecessor institution to the current Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee; the campus is the current setting of Austin Peay State University), Central University in Richmond, Kentucky (now merged with Centre College in Danville, Kentucky), and Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. He then returned home, attending the former law school of the former University of Chattanooga (now the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) before actually graduating from the law school of the University of Virginia in 1903. He began the practice of law in Chattanooga that same year.
Bachman was Chattanooga city attorney from 1906 to 1908 and circuit court judge from 1912 to 1918. In 1918 he became an Associate Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court, resigining in 1924 to run for the U.S. Senate. His 1924 campaign was unsuccessful and he returned to the practice of law.
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Newell Sanders
Newell Sanders (July 12, 1850 – January 26, 1939) was a Chattanooga businessman who served for a relatively brief time as a United States Senator from Tennessee.
Sanders was born in Owen County, Indiana. He attended Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where he was graduated in 1873 and operated a bookstore until 1877. During that year, he moved to Chattanooga and became involved in the manufacturing of farm implements. He served on the board of education 1881 - 1882 and as an alderman 1882 - 1886. He also served on the board of directors of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway.
When Democratic U.S. Senator Robert Love Taylor died in office, Tennessee Governor Ben W. Hooper, a Republican, appointed Sanders to the vacancy. Sanders was sworn in on 1912 April and served until 1913 January when the Tennessee General Assembly elected educator William R. Webb, a Democrat, to succeed him. During his somewhat abbreviated service, Sanders nonetheless served as chair of the Senate Committee on National Banks. Sanders was the last Republican to serve as U.S. Senator from Tennessee until the election of Howard H. Baker, Jr. over five decades later. He was, furthermore, the last Republican U.S. Senator from a former Confederate state prior to the election of John Tower of Texas in 1961 (a gap of 48 years).
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Oscar Underwood
Oscar Wilder Underwood (May 6, 1862 – January 25, 1929) was an American politician.
Underwood was born in Louisville, Kentucky, on May 6, 1862. He was the grandson of Joseph R. Underwood, a Kentucky Senator circa 1850. He attended the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1884 and practiced law in Birmingham, Alabama.
He was elected from Alabama as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1894. He resigned in the middle of his term, leaving office on June 9, 1896, after his election was successfully challenged by Truman H. Aldrich.
He then served 9 terms in the same position from 1897 to 1915. He served as the first House minority whip from about 1900 to 1901. He was then House majority leader from 1911 to 1915. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1912 and won primaries in several Southern states, though he did not become a major contender. At the nominating convention that year in Baltimore, Wilson's managers offered Underwood the vice-presidential nomination, which he declined. Following the election, he supported the progressive reforms of Wilson's first term, using his position as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee to manage legislation and maintain party discipline. In return, Wilson granted him considerable control over patronage and appointed Albert S. Burleson Postmaster-General at Underwood's recommendation. The Revenue Act of 1913 is also known as the Underwood Tariff Act or Underwood-Simmons Act in recognition of Underwood's role in writing and managing the bill as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. He stood with a small minority of House members in opposition to the President when he voted, as the Democrats had promised in their last campaign, to maintain an exemption from Panama Canal tolls for American ships traveling between American ports, despite British protests that the policy violated the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty.
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Owen Brewster
Ralph Owen Brewster (February 22, 1888 – December 25, 1961) was an American politician from Maine. Brewster, a Republican, was solidly conservative. Brewster was a close confidant of Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin and an antagonist of Howard Hughes.
Owen (he preferred to be known by his middle name) Brewster was born in Dexter, Maine, the son of William Edmund Brewster, a member of the Maine House of Representatives, and Carrie S. Bridges. He was a direct lineal descendant of both Love Brewster, a passenger aboard the Mayflower and a founder of the town of Bridgewater, Massachusetts; and of Elder William Brewster, the Pilgrim colonist leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony, and passenger aboard the Mayflower and one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.
He graduated summa cum laude from Bowdoin College in 1909, a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and Delta Kappa Epsilon. From 1909 to 1910, Brewster was the principal of Castine High School, and then attended Harvard Law School, graduating in 1913.
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Peter H. Dominick
Peter Hoyt Dominick (July 7, 1915 – March 18, 1981) was a politician and lawyer from Colorado. A member of the Republican Party, he served in the United States Senate from 1963 to 1975. His uncle, Howard Alexander Smith, was a U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1944 to 1959.
Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Dominick graduated from St. Mark's School in 1933, from Yale University in 1937 as a member of Scroll and Key, and Yale Law School in 1940. He practiced law in New York City from 1940 until 1942, when he entered the United States Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet at the outset of American fighting in World War II. He served until his separation from military service in 1945, as a captain. He briefly recommenced his legal practice in New York City in 1946, before moving that same year to Denver, Colorado, where he continued to practice.
Dominick entered politics when he was elected as a Republican to the Colorado House of Representatives, where he served from 1957 to 1961. In 1960, he made a successful run for the United States House of Representatives, defeating incumbent freshman Democrat Byron L. Johnson, and he abandoned his law career in 1961. After a single term in the House of Representatives, Dominick was elected to the United States Senate, defeating one-term incumbent Democrat John A. Carroll, 53.6% to 45.6%. He was reelected in 1968 over Stephen L. R. McNichols, a former Governor of Colorado, 58.6% to 41.5%.
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Phil Bredesen
Philip Norman "Phil" Bredesen Jr. (born November 21, 1943) is an American politician and served as the 48th Governor of Tennessee from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected Governor in 2002, and was re-elected in 2006. He previously served as the fourth mayor of Nashville and Davidson County from 1991 to 1999.
Bredesen was born in Oceanport, New Jersey. His parents were Norma Lucille (née Walborn) and Philip Norman Bredesen. His father, a captain in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, was stationed at Fort Monmouth in New Jersey at the time of Bredesen's birth. The family lived in various locations during Bredesen's early childhood, including Canandaigua, New York and Arlington, Massachusetts.
When his parents separated in 1951, Norma moved with her two sons, Phil and his younger brother Dean (1947–2006), to her family home in Shortsville, New York, where they lived with Bredesen's maternal grandmother, a widow. Shortsville is the community Bredesen considers to be his hometown, and he lived there until he left for college. He attended the Red Jacket Central Elementary and Secondary School, located in the adjoining village of Manchester.
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Richard A. Clarke
Richard Alan Clarke (born October 27, 1950) was a U.S. government employee for 30 years, 1973–2003. He worked for the State Department during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. In 1992, President George H.W. Bush appointed him to chair the Counter-terrorism Security Group and to a seat on the United States National Security Council. President Bill Clinton retained Clarke and in 1998 promoted him to be the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism, the chief counter-terrorism adviser on the National Security Council. Under President George W. Bush, Clarke initially continued in the same position, but the position was no longer given cabinet-level access. He later became the Special Advisor to the President on cybersecurity, before leaving the Bush administration in 2003.
Clarke came to widespread public attention for his role as counter-terrorism czar in the Clinton and Bush administrations in March 2004, when he appeared on the 60 Minutes television news magazine, released his memoir about his service in government, Against All Enemies, and testified before the 9/11 Commission. In all three instances, Clarke was sharply critical of the Bush administration's attitude toward counter-terrorism before the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and of the decision to go to war with Iraq. Following Clarke's strong criticisms of the Bush administration, Bush administration officials and other Republicans attempted to discredit him or rebut his criticisms, making Clarke a controversial figure.
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Richard Lugar
Richard Green "Dick" Lugar (born April 4, 1932) is the senior United States Senator from Indiana and a member of the Republican Party. First elected to the Senate in 1976, he is the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and was its chairman from 1985 to 1987 and 2003 to 2007. Much of Lugar's work in the Senate is toward the dismantling of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons around the world. Before his election to the United States Senate, Lugar served as mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana.
Lugar is currently the third most senior senator, behind only Daniel Inouye and Patrick Leahy. He is also the longest-serving Senator in Indiana's history, and is the most senior Republican member of the Senate. In 2012, however, he lost the Republican primary for a seventh term and his service in the Senate will end in January 2013.
Lugar was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Bertha (née Green) and Marvin Lugar. He attended the public schools of Indianapolis. During this time he attained the Boy Scouts' highest rank: Eagle Scout. Later, he became a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He graduated first in his class at Shortridge High School in 1950 and from Denison University in 1954 where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi. He went on to attend Pembroke College, Oxford, England, as a Rhodes Scholar, and received a second Bachelors and an MA degree in 1956. He served in the United States Navy from 1956 to 1960; one of his assignments was as an intelligence briefer for Admiral Arleigh Burke. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant, Junior Grade.
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Richard Paez
Richard Anthony Paez (born May 5, 1947) is a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Paez hails from Utah. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Brigham Young University in 1969. He attended the Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley and graduated in 1972.
He is married to Diane Erickson, with a son and daughter.
He served as staff attorney, California Rural Legal Assistance, 1972–1974, followed by staff attorney, Western Center on Law and Poverty, 1974-1976. He joined the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles in 1976 as a senior counsel, was director of litigation 1978-1979 and deputy director for litigation, 1979–1980, then was acting executive director and director of litigation, 1980-1981.
Paez then became a judge on the Los Angeles Municipal Court for the duration 1981-1994.
Following March 9, 1994, nomination by President Bill Clinton, confirmation by the United States Senate on June 15, 1994, and reception of commission on June 16, 1994, Paez became the second Mexican American to sit on the bench of the United States District Court for the Central District of California, a district that covers Los Angeles.
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Robert Byrd
Robert Carlyle Byrd (born Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr.; November 20, 1917 – June 28, 2010) was a United States Senator from West Virginia. A member of the Democratic Party, Byrd served as a U.S. Representative from 1953 until 1959 and as a U.S. Senator from 1959 to 2010. He was the longest-serving senator and the longest-serving member in the history of the United States Congress.
Initially elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1952, Byrd served there for six years before being elected to the Senate in 1958. He rose to become one of the Senate's most powerful members, serving as secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1967 to 1971 and—after defeating his longtime colleague, Ted Kennedy—as Senate Majority Whip from 1971 to 1977. Byrd led the Democratic caucus as Senate Majority Leader from 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 1989, and as Senate Minority Leader from 1981 to 1987. From 1989 to 2010 he served as the President pro tempore of the United States Senate when the Democratic Party had a majority, and as President pro tempore emeritus during periods of Republican majority beginning in 2001. As President pro tempore, he was third in the line of presidential succession, behind the Vice President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. He also served as the Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations from 1989 to 1995, 2001 to 2003, and 2007 to 2009, giving him extraordinary influence over federal spending.
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Robert Love Taylor
Robert Love Taylor (July 31, 1850 – March 31, 1912) was a U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1879 to 1881, the Governor of Tennessee from 1887 to 1891 and from 1897 to 1899, and subsequently a United States Senator from that state from 1907 until his death. He is notable for winning the governor's office in an election against his older brother, Alfred A. Taylor.
His father, Nathaniel Green Taylor was also a Congressman from Tennessee, and he was also a first cousin of Nathaniel Edwin Harris, Governor of Georgia from 1915 to 1917.
Taylor, known by the nickname "Our Bob", was a native of Carter County, Tennessee and was a Democrat, a relatively rare affiliation for a native of that part of northeastern Tennessee. He was both admitted to the bar and elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1878, winning one term but failing to be reelected in 1880. (Taylor would be the last Democrat to serve in Tennessee's 1st congressional district; since 1881 the seat has been continuously held by Republicans.) He was again a Democratic congressional nominee in 1882 and again defeated.
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Robert Taft
Robert Alphonso Taft (September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953), of the Taft political family of Cincinnati and the son of President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft, was a Republican United States Senator and a prominent conservative statesman. As the leading opponent of the New Deal in the Senate from 1939 to 1953, he led the successful effort by the conservative coalition to curb the power of labor unions, and was a major proponent of the foreign policy of non-interventionism. However, he failed in his quest to win the presidential nomination of the Republican Party in 1940, 1948 and 1952. From 1940 to 1952 he battled New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the leader of the GOP's moderate "Eastern Establishment" for control of the Republican Party. In 1957, a Senate committee chaired by John F. Kennedy named Taft as one of the five greatest senators in American history, along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, and Robert La Follette.
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Ross Bass
Ross Bass (March 17, 1918 – January 1, 1993) was an American florist, postmaster, Congressman, and United States Senator from Tennessee.
Bass was the son of a circuit-riding Methodist minister in rural Giles County, attended the local public schools, and graduated from Martin Methodist Junior College in Pulaski in 1938. He joined the Army Air Corps during World War II, becoming a bombardier and reaching the rank of captain. After his 1945 discharge Bass opened a flower shop in Pulaski, the county seat. He was named postmaster of Pulaski in 1946, serving until 1954.
In 1954, Bass was elected as a Democratic U.S. Congressman from Tennessee's 6th District, which included Pulaski. He was reelected four times and served until 1964, when Senator Estes Kefauver died in office. A Democratic primary was held for the unexpired balance of this term in August, 1964, and Bass entered this contest, surprising some by defeating Governor of Tennessee Frank G. Clement. In November, Bass defeated the Republican nominee, Howard Baker, to win the final two years of the term.
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Rudy Boschwitz
Rudolph Ely "Rudy" Boschwitz (born November 7, 1930) is a former Independent-Republican United States Senator from Minnesota. He served in the Senate from December 1978 to January 1991, in the 96th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 100th, and 101st congresses. He was then defeated by Paul Wellstone.
Boschwitz was born in Berlin, Germany, November 7, 1930, the son of Lucy (née Dawidowicz) and Eli Boschwitz. In 1933, when he was three years old, his Jewish family fled from Nazi Germany to the United States, settling in New Rochelle, New York, where he grew up. A graduate of The Pennington School, he attended Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, graduated from the New York University Stern School of Business in 1950, and the New York University School of Law in 1953.
He was admitted to the New York State bar in 1954 and the Wisconsin bar in 1959. He served in the United States Army Signal Corps 1954–1955. He was the founder and chairman of a plywood and Home Improvement retailer, Plywood Minnesota, which later became Home Valu Interiors.[dead link]
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Scott W. Lucas
Scott Wike Lucas (February 19, 1892 – February 22, 1968) was an American attorney and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives (1935–1939) and the U.S. Senate (1939–1951). He was the Senate Majority Leader from 1948 to 1950.
Scott Lucas was born on a tenant farm near Chandlerville, in Cass County, Illinois. He was the youngest of six children of William Douglas and Sarah Catherine (née Underbrink) Lucas. His parents named him after Scott Wike, a Democrat who served as a U.S. Representative from Illinois (1875–1877, 1889–1893). After attending public schools, he began his studies at Illinois Wesleyan University. During college, he was active in athletics; he lettered in football, basketball, and baseball, and played semiprofessional baseball in the Three-I League during his summer breaks.
Lucas graduated from Wesleyan with a law degree in 1914, and was admitted to the bar the following year. He served as a schoolteacher before entering private practice in Havana. During World War I, he served in the U.S. Army and rose to become a lieutenant. Lucas returned to his law practice following his military service, and served as a state's attorney for Mason County from 1920 to 1925. He also worked as a commander of the Illinois Department of the American Legion. In 1932, he was defeated by William H. Dieterich for the Democratic nomination to challenge Republican incumbent Otis F. Glenn for a United States Senate seat from Illinois. Lucas was later appointed chairman of State Tax Commission by Governor Henry Horner, serving from 1933 to 1935.
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Spencer Jarnagin
Spencer Jarnagin (1792 – June 25, 1853) was a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1843 to 1847.
Jarnagin was born in what was shortly to become Grainger County, Tennessee. He graduated from Greenville College in 1813 and after the study of law was admitted to the bar in 1817. He served in the Tennessee State Senate from 1833 to 1835. From 1836 to 1851 he served on the Board of Trustees for East Tennessee College, now the University of Tennessee. He continued his practice of law after moving to Athens, Tennessee in 1837. Jarnagin was an elector for the Whig ticket of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler in the U.S. presidential election, 1840.
In 1841 he was nominated for U.S. Senator by the Whig caucus in the Tennessee General Assembly. However, some of the Democrats in the legislature decided that no Senator would be preferable to a Whig. Known as the "Immortal Thirteen" by Tennessee Democrats, they refused to allow a quorum on the issue. By the time Jarnagin was eventually elected to the seat and sworn in, over two and half years, almost half of the term, had elapsed. Jarnagin finally assumed office on October 17, 1843 and served until March 4, 1847. During this time, he served as the Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. The Whigs nominated him for a second term in 1847, but he was not elected, apparently the Democrats being more amenable to John Bell, another Whig who was eventually elected his successor; a subsequent campaign by Jarnagin for the Tennessee Supreme Court was likewise unsuccessful. Jarnagin moved to Memphis and continued his practice of law there; upon his death on June 25, 1853 he was interred in that city's Elmwood Cemetery.
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Strom Thurmond
James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator. He also ran for the Presidency of the United States in 1948 as the segregationist States Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrat) candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond later represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Democrat and after 1964 as a Republican. He switched out of support for the conservatism of Republican presidential candidate and Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, who shared his opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He left office as the only senator to reach the age of 100 while still in office and as the oldest-serving and longest-serving senator in U.S. history (although he was later surpassed in the latter by Robert Byrd). Thurmond holds the record for the longest-serving Dean of the United States Senate in U.S. history at 14 years.
He conducted the longest filibuster ever by a lone senator, in opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957, at 24 hours and 18 minutes in length, nonstop. In the 1960s, he continued to fight against civil rights legislation. He always insisted he had never been a racist, but was merely opposed to excessive federal authority. However, he infamously said that "all the laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army cannot force the Negro into our homes, into our schools, our churches and our places of recreation and amusement", while attributing the movement for integration to Communism. Starting in the 1970s, he moderated his position on race, but continued to defend his early segregationist campaigns on the basis of states' rights in the context of Southern society at the time, never fully renouncing his earlier viewpoints.
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Styles Bridges
Henry Styles Bridges (September 9, 1898 – November 26, 1961) was an American teacher, editor, and Republican Party politician from Concord, New Hampshire. He served one term as the 63rd Governor of New Hampshire before a twenty-four year career in the United States Senate.
Bridges was born in West Pembroke, Maine. He attended the public schools in Maine. He attended the University of Maine at Orono until 1918. From 1918 he held a variety of jobs, including teaching, newspaper editing, business and state government. He was an instructor at Sanderson Academy, Ashfield, Massachusetts from 1918 to 1919. He was a member of the extension staff of the University of New Hampshire at Durham from 1921 until 1922. He was the secretary of the New Hampshire Farm Bureau Federation from 1922 until 1923, and the editor of the Granite Monthly Magazine from 1924 until 1926. Meanwhile, He was the director and secretary of the New Hampshire Investment Corporation from 1924 until 1929. He was then a member of the New Hampshire Public Service Commission from 1930 until 1934.
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Terence P. Jeffrey
Terence P. Jeffrey is editor-in-chief of the conservative US Internet news service CNSNews.com, a position he assumed in September 2007. He became Editor of Human Events, a national conservative weekly in the United States, in 1996. Prior to that, he served as campaign manager to Republican candidate Pat Buchanan in the 1996 presidential race, and as research director in Buchanan's 1992 campaign. In between the two campaigns, Jeffrey was executive director of The American Cause. He was born in San Francisco and graduated from Princeton University in 1981. He worked from 1987-91 as an editorial writer at the Washington Times, which nominated him for the Pulitzer Prize.[citation needed]
In July 2010, the publisher Regnery released his book "Control Freaks: 7 Ways Liberals Plan to Ruin Your Life".
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Terri Schiavo case
The Terri Schiavo case ( /ˈʃaɪvoʊ/) was a legal battle involving prolonged life support in the United States that lasted from 1998 to 2005. At issue was whether the husband of Teresa Marie "Terri" Schiavo had the right to terminate life support for his wife, who was diagnosed by doctors as being in a persistent vegetative state. The highly publicized and prolonged series of legal challenges presented by her parents and by state and federal legislative intervention effected a seven-year delay before life support finally was terminated.
Terri Schiavo collapsed in her St. Petersburg, Florida, home in full cardiac arrest on February 25, 1990. She suffered massive brain damage due to lack of oxygen and, after two and a half months in a coma, her diagnosis was changed to vegetative state. For the next few years doctors attempted speech and physical therapy and other experimental therapy, hoping to return her to a state of awareness. In 1998 Schiavo's husband, Michael, petitioned the Sixth Circuit Court of Florida (Pinellas County), to remove her feeding tube pursuant to Florida Statutes Section 765.401(3). He was opposed by Terri's parents, Robert and Mary Schindler, who argued that she was conscious. The court determined that she would not wish to continue life-prolonging measures, and on April 24, 2001, her feeding tube was removed for the first time, only to be reinserted several days later. On February 25, 2005, a Pinellas County judge ordered the removal of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube. Several appeals and federal government intervention followed, which included U.S. President George W. Bush returning to Washington D.C. to sign legislation designed to keep her alive. After all attempts at appeals through the federal court system upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tube, staff at the Pinellas Park hospice facility where Terri was being cared for disconnected the feeding tube on March 18, 2005, and she died on March 31, 2005.
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Thomas B. Turley
Thomas Battle Turley (April 5, 1845 – July 1, 1910) was a Tennessee attorney who served as a Democratic United States Senator from 1897 to 1901.
Turley was born in Memphis and attended public schools and was a private in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War, spending part of that conflict as a prisoner of war. Upon its conclusion he attended the University of Virginia law school in Charlottesville, Virginia, completing his studies in 1867. In 1870 he was admitted to the Tennessee bar and began practicing in Memphis. A prominent attorney, upon the death in office of Senator Isham G. Harris, Turley was appointed by governor of Tennessee Robert L. Taylor to the vacancy. He was subsequently elected to the balance of the term by the Tennessee General Assembly.
Turley declined to stand for any further service in the Senate once the balance of the term to which Harris had initially been elected had expired, serving in the Senate from July 20, 1897 to March 4, 1901. He returned to his Memphis law practice until shortly before his death in 1910. He was buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, the final resting place of many West Tennessee political figure.
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Thomas Frist
Thomas Fearn Frist, Sr. (December 15, 1910 – January 4, 1998) was an American businessman. He is the father of US Senator Bill Frist. He received his undergraduate education from the University of Mississippi and his medical degree from Vanderbilt University. In 1968, with his son, Dr. Thomas Frist Jr., and Jack Massey, who helped Harland Sanders create the Kentucky fried chicken chain, he founded Hospital Corporation of America, the largest private operator of health care facilities in the world, taking the company public in 1969. Thus Thomas F. Frist Sr. is "widely regarded as the father of the modern for-profit hospital system" in the USA.
wn.com/Thomas_Frist -
Tom Daschle
Thomas Andrew "Tom" Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is a former U.S. Senator from South Dakota and former U.S. Senate Majority Leader. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
A South Dakota native, Daschle obtained his university degree there, and served in the United States Air Force. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms. In 1986, he was elected to the Senate, becoming minority leader in 1994. Defeated for re-election in 2004, he took a position as a policy advisor with a lobbying firm, and also became a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. He co-authored a book advocating universal health care.
Daschle was an early supporter of Barack Obama’s presidential candidacy, and was offered the position of Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services after the 2008 election. He was President Obama's nominee to serve as the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the Cabinet, but withdrew his name on February 3, 2009, amid a growing controversy over his failure to accurately report and pay income taxes. He is currently working for the global law firm DLA Piper.
wn.com/Tom_Daschle -
Tom Stewart
Arthur Thomas Stewart (January 11, 1892 – October 10, 1972), more commonly known as Tom Stewart, was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1939 to 1949.
Stewart was born in Dunlap, Tennessee. Stewart also had a sister called Lydia. He attended the former Pryor Institute, a private school, in Jasper, Tennessee and Emory College (now Emory University). He returned to Tennessee and attended Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University in Lebanon. Upon admission to the bar in 1913, he set up practice in Birmingham, Alabama. He moved back to Jasper, Tennessee in 1915 and practised there until 1919, then moved to Winchester, Tennessee.
In private practice in Winchester, he was elected district attorney for the former 18th Circuit for a term beginning in 1923. He served in this position until 1939. In 1925 Stewart was the chief prosecutor in the Scopes Trial. Stewart designed the prosecution's argument to preserve political control over the schools exclusively within the state legislature, thereby keeping the trial to the narrow, legal matter and forestalling attempts by the defense to introduce scientific testimony to show there was not a conflict between evolution and the story of divine creation set forth in Genesis. Except for the willingness of William Jennings Bryan to be cross-examined by Clarence Darrow, Stewart's positions controlled the trial and the Scopes defense had no recourse but to ask the jury to convict the defendant so the case could be appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court (which overturned the conviction on a legal technicality but upheld the constitutionality of the Butler Act).
wn.com/Tom_Stewart -
Van Hilleary
William Vanderpool Hilleary, usually known as Van Hilleary (born June 20, 1959) is a Republican politician from Tennessee.
Hilleary was born in Dayton, Tennessee, the seat of Rhea County, and raised in nearby Spring City, where his family operated a textile manufacturing concern. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1981. He participated in the Air Force ROTC program at the University of Tennessee and served on active duty from 1982 to 1984 and has been a member of the Air Force Reserve since that time. Hilleary graduated from the Cumberland School of Law of Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama in 1990. He served two volunteer tours of duty during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. While in the Gulf War, Hilleary flew 24 missions as a navigator on C-130 aircraft.
wn.com/Van_Hilleary -
Warren Austin
Warren Robinson Austin (November 12, 1877 – December 25, 1962) was an American politician and statesman; among other roles, he served as Senator from Vermont.
Born in Highgate Center in Franklin County, Vermont, he attended public schools, Bakersfield Academy1, and then the University of Vermont, from which he graduated in 1899. He then studied law and entered practice in 1902. In 1904 he was appointed State's attorney of Franklin County, a position he held for two years.
In his first few years in politics, he served in a number of roles, including chairman of the Vermont Republican State Convention in 1908, Mayor of St. Albans in 1909, a delegate to the Congress of the Mint in 1912, and a member of the United States Court for China in 1917. During this period, he also served as a commissioner for the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1907 to 1915.
His rising prominence led to his appointment as a trustee of the University of Vermont in 1914, a position he would retain until 1941.
wn.com/Warren_Austin -
William B. Bate
William Brimage Bate (October 7, 1826 – March 9, 1905) was the Governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887 and subsequently a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1887 until his death. He served in the Confederate forces in the American Civil War, attaining the rank of major general and commanding a division in the Army of Tennessee.
William Bate was born in Bledsoe's Lick (now Castalian Springs, Tennessee). He was a clerk for a steamboat company and edited a newspaper. He served in the Mexican War (1846–48) as a first lieutenant in the 3rd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1849 to 1851. He graduated from law school in Lebanon, Tennessee in 1852 and was admitted to the bar in that year, establishing his practice in Gallatin, Tennessee. He became district attorney general for the Nashville district in 1854.
Following the passage of Tennessee's ordinance of secession and the outbreak of the Civil War, Bate became the colonel of the 2nd Tennessee Infantry. He first saw combat action in July 1861 at the First Battle of Manassas in the reserve brigade of Theophilus Holmes in the Confederate Army of the Potomac.
wn.com/William_B._Bate -
William Blount
William Blount, (March 26, 1749 – March 21, 1800) was a United States statesman. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention for North Carolina, the first and only governor of the Southwest Territory, and Democratic-Republican Senator from Tennessee (1796–1797). He played a major role in establishing the state of Tennessee. He was the first U.S. Senator to be expelled from the Senate for treason and the only Senator expelled outside of the Civil War.[citation needed]
Blount was born near Windsor, North Carolina, in Bertie County into a family of distinguished merchants and planters who owned extensive properties along the banks of the Pamlico River.
During the American Revolutionary War, Blount accepted appointment as the regimental paymaster for the 3rd North Carolina Regiment. Although a regimental paymaster was not a commissioned officer with command responsibility on the battlefield, Blount served under a warrant on the regimental staff and drew the same pay and allowances as a captain. He also participated in the regiment's march north in the late spring of 1777 when it joined Washington's main army in defense of Philadelphia against Sir William Howe's Royal forces. Blount and his comrades had participated in one of the key battles of the war. By demonstrating Washington's willingness to fight and the Continental Army's recuperative powers, the battle convinced France that the Americans were in the war to the end and directly influenced France's decision to support the Revolution openly.
wn.com/William_Blount -
William Cocke
William Cocke (1748 – August 22, 1828) was an American lawyer, pioneer, and statesman. He has the distinction of having served in the state legislature of four different states: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Mississippi, and was one of the first two United States senators for Tennessee.
William was born in Amelia County, Virginia in 1748. He was of English descent. He was the sixth of ten or eleven children of Abraham (c.1695–1760) and Mary (Batte) Cocke. William was educated at home before reading law. He was admitted to the bar in Virginia and engaged in a limited law practice.
Cocke spent more time on the frontier than he did in a law office. He was involved in exploration in the company of Daniel Boone, seeing much of what was to become eastern Kentucky and East Tennessee. He was elected a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and a colonel of militia; in 1776, he led four companies of that militia into to what became Tennessee for action against the Indians. Later that year, he left Virginia and moved to what was to become Tennessee. During the attempted organization of the State of Franklin, Cocke was elected as the would-be state's delegate to the Congress of the Confederation.
wn.com/William_Cocke -
William F. Knowland
William Fife Knowland (June 26, 1908 – February 23, 1974) was a United States politician, newspaperman, and Republican Party leader. He was a U.S. Senator representing California from 1945 to 1959. He served as Senate Majority Leader from 1953–1955, and as Minority Leader from 1955-1959. He was defeated in his 1958 run for California Governor. He succeeded his father, Joseph R. Knowland, as the editor and publisher of the Oakland Tribune.
William F. "Bill" Knowland was born in the City of Alameda, Alameda County, California. His father, Joseph R. Knowland, was serving his third term as a U.S. Representative. He was the third child, with an older sister, Elinor (1895–1978), and a brother, Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland, Jr. (1901–1961). His grandfather, Joseph Knowland (1833–1912), had made the family fortune in the lumber business. His mother, Elinor Fife Knowland, died on July 20, 1908, less than a month after his birth. His father's second wife, Emelyn S. West, raised Knowland as her own son.
wn.com/William_F._Knowland -
William L. Jenkins
William Lewis "Bill" Jenkins (born November 29, 1936) is a politician from the state of Tennessee. He represented the state's 1st Congressional district, centered around the Tri-Cities (map), from 1997 until his successor was sworn in on January 3, 2007.
Jenkins was born in Detroit, Michigan to parents from Rogersville, Tennessee. He is a seventh-generation Tennessean. He served in the United States Army from 1959 to 1960, and graduated from Tennessee Technological University and the University of Tennessee College of Law.
Jenkins was elected to the Tennessee General Assembly as a Republican in 1962 and he served as Speaker of the House from 1969 to 1971--as of 2008[update], the only Republican to hold that position since Reconstruction. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for Governor of Tennessee in 1970, was a Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Conservation, serving in the Cabinet of Winfield Dunn, and according to his website biography, he was a senior policy advisor on energy and legislative issues for Governor Lamar Alexander.
wn.com/William_L._Jenkins -
William R. Webb
William Robert Webb (November 11, 1842 – December 19, 1926) also known as Sawney Webb, was an educator who founded The Webb School and served briefly as a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee.
Webb was born in Person County, North Carolina. He was the grandson of Richard Stanford, an early ten-term United States Representative from North Carolina. His father, Alexander Webb, died when he was six years old. He attended private schools, including the Bingham School in Oaks, North Carolina, and then matriculated at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1860. However, he soon left to join the Confederate Army in the Fifteenth North Carolina Infantry Regiment, in which he served until badly wounded at the Battle of Malvern Hill on July 1, 1862. While recovering from his wounds, he again attended UNC. In the spring of 1864, he re-enlisted as a private in the Second North Carolina Cavalry Regiment and had risen to the rank of Captain by the time of his capture on April 3, 1865 after the Battle of Namozine Church. He was imprisoned on Hart's Island in western Long Island Sound and then transferred to Castle Williams on Governors Island in June, 1865, from which he escaped for a one day adventure in the city. After the conclusion of the Civil War he returned to UNC, graduating in 1868 and subsequently teaching at a private school in Oxford, North Carolina until 1870.
wn.com/William_R._Webb -
Zach Wamp
Zachary Paul "Zach" Wamp (born October 28, 1957) is the former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 3rd congressional district, serving from 1995 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district is based in Chattanooga and includes large parts of East Tennessee, including Oak Ridge.
Wamp was born in Fort Benning, Georgia and grew up in East Ridge, Tennessee, a community adjacent to Chattanooga, where his father worked as an architect. He attended The Lutheran School, a Lutheran elementary school. Later, with his two brothers, he attended the McCallie School, a boy's boarding and day school in Chattanooga, as a day student, from the age of 11 until he graduated in 1976. He was president of the student council, active in athletics and was the MVP of the varsity basketball team at McCallie in 1976. He was baptized, raised and confirmed in the Lutheran Church. He spent his first freshman year at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1977–78 and briefly returned in 1979–80 after his sophomore year at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville between (1978–79). However, he graduated from neither and struggled with drug and alcohol problems as a student before ultimately dropping out of college.
wn.com/Zach_Wamp
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Bill Maher Rachel Maddow Bill Frist on Obama Bitartisanship on Healthcare
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:05
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
06-11-2010
http://wn.com/Bill_Maher_Rachel_Maddow_Bill_Frist_on_Obama_Bitartisanship_on_Healthcare
Bill Frist Gets Unplugged
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:55
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Former Senate Majority Leader and heart surgeon Bill Frist joined John Dickerson on "Washington Unplugged" to discuss health care and his new book.
http://wn.com/Bill_Frist_Gets_Unplugged
Senator Bill Frist: Keynote Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:47
- Updated: 14 Feb 2012
Former Senate Majority Leader Frist covers the pros and cons of the healthcare reform act, the role of states, the demographics of coverage, the importance of value-based purchasing in any future system and more.
http://wn.com/Senator_Bill_Frist_Keynote_Highlights
Former US Senator Bill Frist, MD: Doing the Right Thing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Former US Senator Bill Frist, MD addresses the 2008 Republican National Convention
http://wn.com/Former_US_Senator_Bill_Frist,_MD_Doing_the_Right_Thing
Bill Maher gets schooled on vaccines by Bill Frist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:07
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
This was on "Real Time with Bill Maher", 9 October 2009. Maher, who "does not believe" in vaccines, gets a lesson in medicine from former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, a heart surgeon. Get the whole show here: www.mininova.org/tor/3035284
http://wn.com/Bill_Maher_gets_schooled_on_vaccines_by_Bill_Frist
Republican Bill Frist Says GOP Healthcare Position is Nonsense
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Republican Bill Frist Says GOP Healthcare Position is Nonsense TJ Walker is the #1 rated Daily Internet-only liberal news video pundit (viewed at www.tjwalker.com and http Walker is also a regular contributor to Forbes.com, Daily Kos, and the Reuters Insider Network. Walker is also a USA Today, Wall Street Journal, Business Week best-selling author. A frequent network news analyst, Walker has made more than 1000 national TV and radio guest appearances on CBS, ABC, Fox News Channel, MSNBC, CNN, Bloomberg TV, Al Jazeera, NBC, Fox Business, Russia Today, HLN, TrueTV, Comedy Central, Sirius and NPR. In 2009, Walker entered the Guinness Book Of World Records for most talk show appearances ever in a 24 hour period. (www.mediatrainingworldwide.com) http
http://wn.com/Republican_Bill_Frist_Says_GOP_Healthcare_Position_is_Nonsense
America's Role in the World: Bill Frist and Bill Richardson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:25
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Senator Bill Frist and Governor Bill Richardson address America's role in the world. Moderated by Karen Kasler. For more information, visit www.usglc.org
http://wn.com/America's_Role_in_the_World_Bill_Frist_and_Bill_Richardson
Former Sen. Bill Frist discusses famine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Former Sen. Bill Frist talks to Anderson Cooper about the Somali famine crisis.
http://wn.com/Former_Sen_Bill_Frist_discusses_famine
Nashville Video Production | 5 Questions for Senator Bill Frist | SnapShot Interactive
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Produced by SnapShot Interactive (snapshotinteractive.com), a true DIGITAL AGENCY bridging the gap between high-quality VIDEO PRODUCTION, award-winning WEDSITE DESIGN and creative ONLINE MARKETING strategies. We live to OVER-DELIVER for our clients!
http://wn.com/Nashville_Video_Production_|_5_Questions_for_Senator_Bill_Frist_|_SnapShot_Interactive
Sen. Bill Frist's recommended changes to US health care
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Former US Sen. Bill Frist (R-Tenn.), the Senate Majority Leader from 2003-2007, reflects on some changes needed in the US health care system, included changes he would like to see in implementing the health care reform law. His insights, as a physician and longtime health policy leader, will interest those across the political spectrum. This video is part of a series produced by the non-partisan Alliance for Health Reform in Washington, DC (allhealth.org). The series is supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
http://wn.com/Sen_Bill_Frist's_recommended_changes_to_US_health_care
Mayor Cory Booker, Dr. Frist fight childhood obesity
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Newark Mayor Cory Booker and Former Senate Majority leader Dr. Bill Frist on new childhood obesity initiatives.
http://wn.com/Mayor_Cory_Booker,_Dr_Frist_fight_childhood_obesity
2011 SCORE Prize (feat. Josh Turner, Gov. Bill Haslam, Sen. Bill Frist, others)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
The SCORE Prize is awarded annually to the elementary, middle, and high school in Tennessee, along with one school district, that have most dramatically improved student achievement in spite of the many challenges they face. 2011 SCORE Prize featured speeches by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam, SCORE Chairman Senator Bill Frist, TN Commissioner of Education Kevin Huffman, and SCORE CEO Jamie Woodson. More info on the SCORE Prize: www.tnscore.org
http://wn.com/2011_SCORE_Prize_feat_Josh_Turner,_Gov_Bill_Haslam,_Sen_Bill_Frist,_others
Frist Diagnosing Terry Schiavo on Senate Floor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 19 Mar 2012
Frist Diagnosing Terry Schiavo on Senate Floor
http://wn.com/Frist_Diagnosing_Terry_Schiavo_on_Senate_Floor
Bill Frist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Speaking to george stephanopoulos about Abstinence in 2004
http://wn.com/Bill_Frist
Former Senator And Doctor Bill Frist Says ObamaCare Is 70 Percent Good, We React
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Hear from Obamacarewatcher.org's John Vinci on Bill Frist's recent pronouncement that Government health care is mostly good. Vinci also comments on ObamaCare waivers. Reporter Frank McCaffrey has the interview.
http://wn.com/Former_Senator_And_Doctor_Bill_Frist_Says_ObamaCare_Is_70_Percent_Good,_We_React
Sen. Bill Frist on the need to support primary care
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Former US Sen. Bill Frist (R-Tenn.), a heart and lung transplant surgeon and Senate Majority Leader from 2003 - 2007, explains why it's so important to support primary care -- as the health reform law attempts to. This video is part of a series produced by the non-partisan Alliance for Health Reform in Washington, DC (allhealth.org). The series is supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
http://wn.com/Sen_Bill_Frist_on_the_need_to_support_primary_care
How to Make Bill Frist's Chicken Spaghetti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Learn how to make Bill Frist's chicken spaghetti recipe by following these instructions. Here, see step-by-step directions for making chicken spaghetti at home.
http://wn.com/How_to_Make_Bill_Frist's_Chicken_Spaghetti
A Common Cause: Better Preparing Tennessee's Students through the Common Core
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 04 Jun 2012
Hosted on May 15, 2012, this SCORE Institute event featured national and state leaders -- including Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam, former US Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, and Tennessee Commissioner of Education Kevin Huffman — and focused on answering the following questions: What are the Common Core standards? Why did Tennessee adopt these standards? How will the Common Core standards affect teaching and learning in Tennessee? What can business, community, and education organizations do to support this work and ensure Tennessee's students are prepared for college and the workforce?
http://wn.com/A_Common_Cause_Better_Preparing_Tennessee's_Students_through_the_Common_Core
A Forum on Transformation Through Innovation & Innovation Exchange: Part One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
At an event hosted by the Nashville Health Care Council and Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC) on June 19, 2012, former Senate Majority Leaders and BPC Health Project Co-Chairs Tom Daschle and Bill Frist, MD, discussed the critical role of information technology (IT) in health care delivery. Featured: Former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, MD Former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle Former Governor of Tennessee Bill Bredesen Aneesh Chopra, The Advisory Board Company Robert J. Henkle, Ascension Health Jonathan B. Perlin, MD, PhD, HCA Janet Marchibroda, Bipartisan Policy Center Michael Burcham, PhD, Nashville Entrepreneur Center
http://wn.com/A_Forum_on_Transformation_Through_Innovation_Innovation_Exchange_Part_One
Sex Worker Activists Disrupt Special Session on US Congress and HIV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:17
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
At the International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC on July 25, 2012 sex workers activists loudly disrupted a special session on the United States Congress and the global AIDS epidemic. Activists rose up from the audience several minutes into the panel, as Senator Bill First praised panelists Senator Chris Coons (D-DE), Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY), Representative Barbara Lee (D-CA), and Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) for their bipartisan support of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Although PEPFAR is the world's largest government-generated fund for HIV/AIDS, it contains a policy, known as the "anti-prostitution pledge" that requires recipients of funds to oppose prostitution. Activists raised red umbrellas, unfurled a banner reading "Stop Criminalization, Change PEPFAR" and chanted "repeal the pledge, reform PEPFAR," "sex workers' rights are human rights," and "nothing about us without us." The activists made their way to the front of the packed room, to cheers from the audience, while Senator Frist tried to silence them. The group refused to step down, and remained seated at the front of the room for the duration of the session. After the group sat down, Senator Frist introduced Representative Barbara Lee, who announced planned legislation, bill HR 6138, which was introduced last week but for which the text is not yet available, which will eliminate the anti-prostitution pledge. As Rep. Lee exited the stage, the activists chanted "We love Barbara Lee ...
http://wn.com/Sex_Worker_Activists_Disrupt_Special_Session_on_US_Congress_and_HIV
Election 2012 and the Future of Health Care
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
The Nashville Health Care Council hosted an exclusive panel discussion today with nationally-known thought leaders to discuss the upcoming election and its implications for health reform and the broader national economic and political landscape. Featured: Judith Feder, Ph.D., Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Institute Fellow, Urban Institute The Honorable Bill Frist, Former US Senate Majority Leader The Honorable Alberto R. Gonzales, Former United States Attorney General Jon Meacham, Executive Editor and Executive Vice President, Random House John Seigenthaler, Jr., CEO, Seigenthaler Public Relations New York & Former Anchor, NBC Nightly News - Moderator
http://wn.com/Election_2012_and_the_Future_of_Health_Care
A Common Cause: Better Preparing Tennessee's Students through the Common Core
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Hosted on May 15, 2012, this SCORE Institute event featured national and state leaders -- including Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam, former US Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, and Tennessee Commissioner of Education Kevin Huffman — and focused on answering the following questions: What are the Common Core standards? Why did Tennessee adopt these standards? How will the Common Core standards affect teaching and learning in Tennessee? What can business, community, and education organizations do to support this work and ensure Tennessee's students are prepared for college and the workforce?
http://wn.com/A_Common_Cause_Better_Preparing_Tennessee's_Students_through_the_Common_Core
Former US Senate Leader and Surgeon Bill Frist Honored at NBAA2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 11 Oct 2011
Esteemed doctor, pilot and former US Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, recipient of NBAA's Al Ueltschi Award for Humanitarian Leadership, reflects on his life-saving efforts worldwide, and the importance of business aviation to those endeavors. This video was first presented at the NBAA2011 Opening General Session.
http://wn.com/Former_US_Senate_Leader_and_Surgeon_Bill_Frist_Honored_at_NBAA2011
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
18 Nov 2012
Israeli air strikes killed 16 Palestinians in Gaza on Saturday, prompting the Arab League to announce a visit to the battered enclave and a review of its Middle East peace policy. Egypt’s President...
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that...
Photo: AP / Eyad Baba
17 Nov 2012
Israel's defence minister Ehud Barak more than doubled his call-up of army reservists last night (Friday night) as its cabinet and military chiefs convened to discuss a ground invasion of Gaza. With...
Photo: UN / UN
17 Nov 2012
GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) — Israel's new offensive against the Gaza Strip has turned into a political bonanza for the territory's Hamas rulers, while sidelining Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas,...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
18 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Israel's ongoing uprooting of hundreds of Palestinian olive trees in the West Bank, including possibly sabotaging Palestine's recent bid for state...
Innovation and progress hasn't died
20 Nov 2012
Star Tribune
Counterpoint I'm not quite D.J. Tice's age, but we're generational peers who apparently see the world differently. Where Tice sees a "plateau" in terms of progress ("Has progress plateaued?" Nov. 18), I'm walking around with a silly grin thinking about how much has changed in my...(size: 6.5Kb)
Vazquez takes over helm of KLRN
20 Nov 2012
my SA
Mario A. Vazquez's promotion to president and CEO of KLRN-TV makes him the first Latino to hold the post in the station's 50-year history and one of the few Latinos to head a PBS station nationally. Vazquez, 48, also thought to be the first Latino head of an English-language television station in...(size: 3.1Kb)
Column: Waking up echoes? Or knees knocking?
20 Nov 2012
The Associated Press
That sound emanating from South Bend this week isn't the echoes of past greatness waking up. It's the knees of everyone with a stake in Notre Dame football knocking together. It's been a long time since they had anything to be nervous about. The 19 years between appearances at the top of the college...(size: 5.0Kb)
Fast food the 1st wish for man freed from prison
20 Nov 2012
Detroit news
By Ed White Associated Press Comments Detroit â A Port Huron man says he wants a cheeseburger, fries and a Coke after winning his freedom following nearly 10 years in prison in a rape case. James Grissom was released from custody Monday after a St. Clair County judge dismissed the case at the...(size: 8.4Kb)
Signon San Diego
ENCINITAS — Placing three measures on the Nov. 6 ballot to create an elected-mayor system for Encinitas came at a cost of roughly $37,630, but that price tag could have been far higher, elections officials say. The cheapest option for Encinitas was adding the three measures to a general...(size: 4.2Kb)
MLB Insider: Jays-Marlins swap is loonie tunes
20 Nov 2012
Signon San Diego
One thought was, man, the Canadian loonies must be kicking the U.S. dollars’ tails. And heads. Another thought was, well, the eminently ignorable Toronto Blue Jays must’ve finally looked around the American League East Division and seen that you need 90 wins just to finish in third place. Better...(size: 4.1Kb)
Elections brighten future of unions
20 Nov 2012
The Washington Times
When Maggie Hassan won the New Hampshire governor’s race, it wasn’t just a victory for her fellow Democrats. Unions spent millions backing Mrs. Hassan with television ads and an extensive get-out-the-vote operation because she opposes a right-to-work bill to ban labor-management...(size: 6.4Kb)
MILLER: Butchering the Constitution
20 Nov 2012
The Washington Times
Follow @emilymiller Our Constitution is in a sorry state these days. The nation’s founding document has been weakened by President Obama’s ongoing expansion of power and further diminished by his Democratic allies on Capitol Hill who don’t even bother to cite the highest law in the...(size: 3.4Kb)
Building a better immigration system
20 Nov 2012
Yahoo Daily News
It's not just about undocumented workers It sure seems like Congress will enter the whirlpool of immigration reform next year. The surface debate is about undocumented workers and how to bring them from the depths. But the currents are pushing along several other issues, some of which may be...(size: 5.1Kb)
MTV special profiles young people with HIV
20 Nov 2012
Yahoo Daily News
NEW YORK (AP) — MTV is airing a special next week with profiles of three young people who have the HIV infection, amid worries that some people are taking the condition too casually. The special, "I'm Positive," is scheduled to air Dec. 1 at 7 p.m. ET/PT. Drew Pinsky, who is one of the show's...(size: 21.3Kb)
Bungy nightmare a cautionary tale
20 Nov 2012
Stuff
Bungy-jumping over Victoria Falls seemed like a "great idea at the time" to Erin Langworthy when she headed to Zambia with mates last summer. But what should have been a quick thrill left the young Australian seriously hurt after her...(size: 1.5Kb)
Everything You Need to Know About Susan Rice
20 Nov 2012
Foreign Policy
President Barack Obama buoyed Susan Rice's hopes for becoming the next U.S. secretary of state last week, putting her Republican critics -- including Senators John McCain (R-AZ), Kelly Ayotte (R-NH), and Lindsey Graham (R-SC) -- on notice that he will not be deterred by their "outrageous"...(size: 5.6Kb)
StreetInsider
These "citizen heroes" will be recognized during a ceremony at halftime of the Iowa-Nebraska football game on November 23rd Tweet WEST DES MOINES, Iowa, Nov. 19, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- An Omaha, Neb. man and a couple from Clinton, Iowa will represent their respective states as "citizen...(size: 3.7Kb)
| Bill Frist | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| United States Senator from Tennessee |
|
| In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2007 |
|
| Preceded by | Jim Sasser |
| Succeeded by | Bob Corker |
| Senate Majority Leader | |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 |
|
| Deputy | Mitch McConnell |
| Preceded by | Tom Daschle |
| Succeeded by | Harry Reid |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Harrison Frist (1952-02-22) February 22, 1952 (age 60) Nashville, Tennessee |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Karyn Frist |
| Residence | Nashville |
| Alma mater | Princeton University (A.B.) Harvard Medical School (M.D.) |
| Occupation | Cardiothoracic surgeon Professor Businessman Philanthropist |
| Religion | Presbyterian |
William Harrison "Bill" Frist, Sr. (born February 22, 1952) is an American physician, businessman, and politician. He began his career as an heir and major stockholder to the for-profit hospital chain of Hospital Corporation of America.[1] Frist later served two terms as a Republican United States Senator representing Tennessee. He was the Republican Majority Leader from 2003 until his retirement in 2007.
Contents |
Childhood and medical career[link]
Frist was born in Nashville, Tennessee, to Dorothy (Cate) Frist and Thomas Fearn Frist, Sr.[2] He is a fourth-generation Tennessean. His great-great grandfather was one of the founders of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and his father was a doctor and founded the health care business organization which became Hospital Corporation of America. Frist's brother, Thomas Jr., became chairman and chief executive of Hospital Corporation of America in 1997.[3]
Frist graduated from Montgomery Bell Academy in Nashville, Tennessee, and then from Princeton University in 1974, where he specialized in health care policy at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. In 1972, he held a summer internship with Tennessee Congressman Joe Evins, who advised Frist that if he wanted to pursue a political career, he should first have a career outside of politics. Frist proceeded to Harvard Medical School, where he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine with honors in 1978. While at Harvard he shared an apartment with future United States Congressman David Wu.[4]
Frist joined the lab of W. John Powell Jr. at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1977, where he continued his training in cardiovascular physiology. He left the lab in 1978 to become a resident in surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1983, he spent time at Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, England as senior registrar in cardiothoracic surgery. He returned to Massachusetts General in 1984 as chief resident and fellow in cardiothoracic surgery. From 1985 until 1986, Frist was senior fellow and chief resident in cardiac transplant service and cardiothoracic surgery at the Stanford University School of Medicine. After completing his fellowship, he became a faculty member at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, where he began a heart and lung transplantation program. He also became staff surgeon at the Nashville Veterans Administration Hospital. In 1989, he founded the Vanderbilt Transplant Center. In 1991, Frist operated on then–Lieutenant Colonel David Petraeus after he had been shot in a training accident at Fort Campbell.
He is currently licensed as a physician, and is board certified in both general surgery and thoracic surgery. He has performed over 150 heart transplants and lung transplants, including pediatric heart transplants and combined heart and lung transplants.
Entering politics[link]
In 1990, Frist met with former Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker about the possibilities of public office. Baker advised him to pursue the Senate, and in 1992 suggested that Frist begin preparations to run in 1994. Frist began to build support. He served on Tennessee's Governor's Medicaid Task Force from 1992 to 1993, joined the National Steering Committee of the Republican National Committee's Health Care Coalition, and was deputy director of the Tennessee Bush-Quayle '92 campaign.
During the 1994 election Frist promised not to serve for more than two terms.[5] He accused his opponent, incumbent Senator Jim Sasser, of "sending Tennessee money to Washington, DC", and said, "While I've been transplanting lungs and hearts to heal Tennesseans, Jim Sasser has been transplanting Tennesseans' wallets to Washington, home of Marion Barry." During the campaign he also criticized Sasser for trying to become Senate Majority Leader, claiming that his opponent would be spending more time taking care of Senate business than Tennessee business. Frist won the election, defeating Sasser by 13 points in the 1994 Republican sweep of both Houses of Congress, thus becoming the first physician in the Senate since June 17, 1938, when Royal S. Copeland died.
In his 2000 reelection campaign, Frist easily won with 66 percent of the vote. He received the largest vote total ever by a statewide candidate. Frist's 2000 campaign organization was later fined by the Federal Election Commission for failing to disclose a $1.44 million loan taken out jointly with the 1994 campaign organization.[6]
National attention[link]
Frist first entered the national spotlight when two Capitol police officers were shot inside the United States Capitol by Russell Eugene Weston Jr. in 1998. Frist, the closest doctor, provided immediate medical attention (he was unable to save the two officers, but was able to save Weston). He also was the Congressional spokesman during the 2001 anthrax attacks.
As the chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, he helped Republicans win back the Senate in the 2002 midterm election. His committee collected $66.4 million for 2001–2002, 50% more than the previous year. Shortly afterwards, Senator Trent Lott made comments at a Strom Thurmond birthday celebration in which he said that if Thurmond's presidential bid of 1948 had succeeded, "we wouldn't have had all these problems over all these years". In the aftermath, Lott resigned his position as Senate Majority Leader and Frist was chosen unanimously by Senate Republicans as his replacement. He became the third youngest Senate Majority Leader in US history. In his 2005 book, Herding Cats, A Lifetime in Politics, Lott accuses Frist of being "one of the main manipulators" in the debate that ended Lott's leadership in the Republican Senate. Lott wrote that Frist's actions amounted to a "personal betrayal". Frist "... didn't even have the courtesy to call and tell me personally that he was going to run ... If Frist had not announced exactly when he did, as the fire was about to burn out, I would still be majority leader of the Senate today," Lott wrote.
In the 2003 legislative session, Frist enjoyed many successes. He was able to push many initiatives through to fruition, including the Bush administration's third major tax cut and legislation that was against partial-birth abortion. However, the tactics that he used to achieve those victories alienated many Democrats. In 2004, by comparison, he saw no major legislative successes, with the explanations ranging from delay tactics by Democrats to lack of unity within the Republican Party.
In a prominent and nationally broadcast speech to the Republican National Convention in August 2004, Frist highlighted his background as a doctor and focused on several issues related to health care. He spoke in favor of the recently passed Medicare prescription drug benefit and the passage of legislation providing for Health Savings Accounts. He described President Bush's policy regarding stem cell research, limiting embryonic stems cells to certain existing lines, as "ethical." In an impassioned argument for medical malpractice tort reform, Frist called personal injury trial lawyers "predators": "We must stop them from twisting American medicine into a litigation lottery where they hit the jackpot and every patient ends up paying." Frist has been an advocate for imposing caps on the amount of money courts can award plaintiffs for noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases.[7]
During the 2004 election season, Frist employed the unprecedented political tactic of going to the home state (South Dakota) of the opposition party (Democrat)'s minority leader, Democrat Tom Daschle, and actively campaigned against him. Daschle's Republican opponent, John Thune, defeated Daschle. In Daschle's farewell address, Frist arrived late. After the 2004 elections, Frist played a role in the controversy over Arlen Specter's post-election remarks. Frist demanded a public statement from Specter in which Specter would repudiate his earlier remarks and pledge support for Bush's judiciary nominees. Frist rejected an early version of the statement as too weak, and gave his approval to the statement that Specter eventually delivered.
Frist received some criticism within the Republican caucus in the Senate over his handling of the Majority Leader position, and his near invisibility as a spokesman for the Republican caucus, which has damaged his reputation. His supporters within the caucus pointed to his success in moving tax legislation important to the executive branch as a sign that he was simply filling his place on the team, namely to bring important bills to a vote, and then ensure that gains made on the floor were preserved in the conference committee process.
Many of Frist's opponents have attacked him for what they see as pandering to future Republican primary voters. They claim that he has taken extreme positions on social issues such as the Terri Schiavo case in order to please them. On the other hand, Frist changed his position on stem cell research.
There has also been controversy regarding the "nuclear option", under which the Republicans would change a rule in the Senate to prevent the filibuster of judicial nominations. Although Frist claimed that "[n]ever before has a minority blocked a judicial nominee that has majority support for an up-or-down vote on the Senate floor," critics pointed to the nearly two-century history of the filibuster, including the successful four-day 1968 minority Republican filibuster of Lyndon Johnson's chief justice nominee, Abe Fortas.[8][9] Also, in 1998 Frist participated in the Republican filibuster to stall the nomination of openly gay James C. Hormel to be ambassador to Luxembourg; Hormel eventually received a recess appointment from President Bill Clinton, bypassing a Senate vote. Frist also helped block the 1996 nomination of Richard Paez to the 9th Federal Court of Appeals, a four-year filibuster that was defeated in 2000 when 14 Republicans dropped their support for it and allowed Paez to be confirmed by a simple majority.
More criticism of perceived weakness came in the midst of an extended confirmation fight over Bush's pick for US ambassador to the United Nations, John R. Bolton. Twice Frist failed to garner the 60 votes to break cloture, getting fewer votes the second time and even losing the support of one moderate Republican (George Voinovich of Ohio). On June 21, 2005, Frist said the situation had been "exhausted" and there would be no more votes. Only an hour later, after speaking to the White House, Frist said: "The president made it very clear he wants an up-or-down vote." This sudden switch in strategy led to charges of flip-flopping in response to pressure from the Bush administration. Nevertheless, no up-and-down vote was held, and Bush made a recess appointment of Bolton.
In September 2006, working with Arizona Senator Jon Kyl, Frist was a major Senate supporter of H.R. 4411 — the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006. Frist's bill called for restrictions on banking transactions for online gambling, while Frist has received contributions from land-based casinos. The bill, which passed without debate as part of the SAFE Port Act, also allowed horse racing and lotteries to remain legal.
Political future[link]
File:FirstCorkerBakerAlexander.jpg
Frist at the inauguration of his successor Bob Corker (second left). Along with Tennessee's former Senator Howard Baker (second right), and Senior Senator Lamar Alexander (far right).
Frist pledged to leave the Senate after two terms in 2006, and did not run in the 2006 Republican primary for his Senate seat. He campaigned heavily for Republican nominee Bob Corker, who won by a small margin over Congressman Harold Ford, Jr. in the general election.
Frist was seen as a potential presidential candidate for the Republican party in 2008, like Bob Dole, a previous holder of the Senate Majority Leader position. On November 28, 2006, however, he announced that he had decided not to run, and would return to the field of medicine.[10]
Frist's name was mentioned as a possible candidate for Governor of Tennessee in 2010 when incumbent Governor Phil Bredesen was barred from running again due to term limits. Tennessee Republican Party Chairman Bob Davis has said that "he'd have a lot of support" if he chose to run.[11] However, Frist announced that he had decided not to seek that office in January 2009.
ONE campaign[link]
After his Senate career he became a Co-Chair of ONE VOTE '08, an initiative of the ONE campaign, with Former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD). According to onevote.org, "ONE Vote '08 is an unprecedented, non-partisan campaign to make global health and extreme poverty foreign policy priorities in the 2008 presidential election."[12] He traveled to Africa in support of various initiatives for the ONE campaign in July 2008 and an extensive blog about his trip exists, complete with videos.[13]
Other professional and charitable activities[link]
In June 1989, Frist published his first book, Transplant: A Heart Surgeon's Account of the Life-And-Death Dramas of the New Medicine, in which he wrote, "A doctor is a man whose job justifies everything . . . Life [is] a gift, not an inalienable right."
With J. H. Helderman, he edited "Grand Rounds in Transplantation" in 1995. In October 1999, Frist co-authored Tennessee Senators, 1911–2001: Portraits of Leadership in a Century of Change with J. Lee Annis, Jr. In March 2002, Frist published his third book, When Every Moment Counts: What You Need to Know About Bioterrorism from the Senate's Only Doctor. While generally well received, the book later spurred accusations of hypocrisy regarding his remarks about Richard Clarke. When Clarke published his book Against All Enemies in 2004, Frist stated "I am troubled that someone would sell a book, trading on their service as a government insider with access to our nation's most valuable intelligence, in order to profit from the suffering that this nation endured on September 11, 2001." In December 2003, Frist and co-author Shirley Wilson released the self-promoting book, Good People Beget Good People: A Genealogy of the Frist Family.
In 1998 Frist visited African hospitals and schools with the Christian aid group Samaritan's Purse. Frist has continued to make medical mission trips to Africa every year since 1998. He has also been vocal in speaking out against the genocide occurring in Darfur.
During 2007-2008, Frist was the Frederick H. Schultz Professor of International Economic Policy in Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University.[14]
In 2008, he became a partner in Chicago-based Cressey & Co. investing in the nation's health care market.[15][16] In 2009, Frist began teaching at Vanderbilt’s Owen School of Management and at the Medical School[14] where he taught before his 1994 election, while becoming a chairman of the Nashville-based nonprofit organization Hope Through Healing Hands that centers on health and education around the world.[17] He also launched a statewide education reform initiative targeting K-12 education called SCORE (State Collaborative on Reforming Education).[18]
In May 2009, Frist joined forensic chemical and drug-testing laboratory Aegis Sciences Corp. as a health care advisor and member of its board of directors. His new responsibilities include assisting in Aegis’s development of a strategic alliance with Vanderbilt University Medical Center, providing counsel on the company’s research and development for new laboratory-based toxicology assessments, and advise Aegis on general health care issues.[19]
On November 2009, Frist joined the board of directors of engineering, construction and technical services firm URS Corp. to bring his expertise and unique perspective on a wide range of economic issues.[20][21]
In March 2010, Frist was appointed a member of the six-person board of the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, which had raised $36 million to date for immediate earthquake relief and long-term recovery efforts in the Caribbean country.[22] Frist had also traveled to Haiti with Samaritan's Purse in January 2010.[14]
Frist also serves as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center, where he is a co-leader of the Health Project[23]
Personal life[link]
In 1982, Frist married Karyn McLaughlin, whom he met at a Boston emergency hospital. They have three sons: Harrison, Jonathan, and Bryan. The Frist family are members of the National Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C..
Frist has been a pilot since the age of 16. He holds commercial, instrument and multi-engine ratings. He has also run seven marathons and two half-marathons.
Financial status[link]
Frist has a fortune in the millions of dollars, most of it the result of his ownership of stock in Hospital Corporation of America, the for-profit hospital chain founded by his brother and father. Frist's 2005 financial disclosure form lists blind trusts valued between $15 million and $45 million.[24]
Members of the Frist family have been major donors to Princeton University, pledging a reported $25 million in 1997 for the construction of the Frist Campus Center.[25] Frist has said that, a few years after his 1974 graduation from Princeton, "I made a commitment to myself that if I was ever in a position to help pull together the resources to establish a center [on the Princeton campus] where there could be an informal exchange of ideas, and to establish an environment that is conducive to the casual exchange of information, I would do so."[26] Daniel Golden, a Wall Street Journal journalist and author of the book The Price of Admission: How America's Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Elite Colleges — and Who Gets Left Outside the Gates, has suggested that two of Frist's sons (Harrison and Bryan) were admitted to Princeton as recognition of this donation rather than their own academic and extracurricular merit.[27]
Frist and his wife are the sole trustees in charge of a family foundation bearing the senator's name, which had more than $2 million in assets in 2004. He and his siblings are vice presidents of another charitable foundation bearing their parents' names. Frist failed to list his positions with the two foundations on his Senate disclosure form. In July 2006, when the matter was raised by the Associated Press, his staff said the form would be amended. Frist has previously disclosed his board position with World of Hope, a charity that gives money to causes associated with AIDS. The charity has come under scrutiny for paying consulting fees to members of Frist's political inner circle.[28]
The status of Frist’s blind trust, and subsequent statements about it and activities within it led to an SEC Investigations of the trustees June 13, 2005 sale. The U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York issued subpoenas to investigate the sale, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission began an insider trading investigation of the sale. After an 18 month investigation, the SEC closed its probe without pressing charges. Frist said in a statement, "I've always conducted myself according to the highest ethical standards in both my personal and public life, and my family and I are pleased that this matter has been resolved." [29]
Controversies[link]
Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA)[link]
Just before Congress adjourned for the 2006 elections, in what politicos call a "midnight drop", Frist inserted the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) clauses into the larger, unrelated Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act. The SAFE Act itself was a late "must pass" bill designed to safeguard ports from terrorist infiltration.[30] In the Zogby International Poll, 87% believe online gambling is a personal choice which should not be banned. The Wall Street Journal Poll showed 85% oppose government prohibition of online gambling.[31] The UIGEA became the basis for the April 15, 2011, government crackdown and domain name seizure of the worlds top three online poker sites, dubbed "black Friday" in the poker community.[32][33]
FEC Finds Frist 2000 Violated Law[link]
The FEC (Federal Election Commission) found that Frist's 2000 Senate campaign committee, Frist 2000, Inc., violated federal campaign finance laws. "In June 2000, Senator Frist took $1 million of the money that had been contributed to his 2000 Senate campaign and invested it in the stock market, where it promptly began losing money. In November 2000, Senator Frist sought to collect $1.2 million he had lent his 1994 Senate campaign committee. As a result of the stock market losses, however, Frist 2000, Inc. did not have enough money to repay the loan. Senator Frist solved this problem by having the 1994 and the 2000 campaign committees jointly take out a $1.44 million bank loan at a cost of $10,000 a month interest. Frist 2000, Inc. did not report this debt on its FEC disclosure forms."[34] In both 2005 and 2006, Frist was named one of the "Most Corrupt Members of Congress"[35] by the liberal,[citation needed] Democratic leaning[citation needed] government watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington for ethics inquiries stemming from his troubles with the FEC and an investigation by the SEC for stock sales potentially based on inside information.[36]
Schiavo case[link]
Main article: Terri Schiavo case
In the Terri Schiavo case, a brain-damaged woman whose husband wanted to remove her gastric feeding tube, Frist opposed the removal and in a speech delivered on the Senate Floor, challenged the diagnosis of Schiavo's physicians of Schiavo being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS): "I question it based on a review of the video footage which I spent an hour or so looking at last night in my office".[37] Frist was criticized by a medical ethicist at Northwestern University for making a diagnosis without personally examining the patient and for questioning the diagnosis when he was not a neurologist.[38] After her death, the autopsy showed signs of long-term and irreversible damage to a brain consistent with PVS.[39] Frist defended his actions after the autopsy.[40] Various complaints[vague] against Frist, a licensed physician, were filed with medical oversight organizations,[citation needed] but no action was taken.
Medical school experiments[link]
While he was a medical school student in the 1970s, Frist performed fatal medical experiments and vivisection on shelter cats while researching the use of drugs on the mitral valve. By his own account, Frist improperly obtained these cats from Boston animal shelters, falsely telling shelter staff he was adopting the cats as pets.[41] In his book, Frist asserted that he succumbed to the pressure to succeed in a highly competitive medical school.
Frist's treatment of cats first became controversial in 1994, in his first Senate campaign, when the opposing camp in the Republican primary called him a cat-killer. The matter again created public controversy in 2002, after mention in a Boston Globe profile, published after his election as Senate majority leader.[42][43]
Ideology and issues[link]
Frist's primary legislative focus has been on issues of concern to the health care industry and on pro-life issues. He also opposes abortion and all federal funding of abortion. In the Senate, he led the fight against partial birth abortion, voted for the Partial-Birth Abortion Act of 2003 and against an amendment to include a woman's health exception (as he considered the procedure to be hazardous to a woman's health).[44]
Frist supported a total ban on human cloning, including for embryonic stem cell research. Since 2001, Frist had stood beside Bush in his insistence that only currently existing lines be used for stem cell research. But in July 2005, after severely criticizing the MLO, Frist reversed course and endorsed a House-passed plan to expand federal funding of the research, saying "it's not just a matter of faith, it's a matter of science."[45] Up to that point the legislation had been considered bottled up in the Senate. The decision quickly drew criticism from some Christian groups such as James Dobson, but garnered praise from some Democrats and many Republicans, including former First Lady Nancy Reagan.
Frist supports programs to fight AIDS and African poverty. He travels to Africa frequently to provide medical care.
On education, Frist supports the No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2001 with bipartisan support. In August 2005, he announced his support for teaching intelligent design in public school science classes.
He opposes same-sex marriage and adoption by homosexual couples.[46] He supports the death penalty.
In November 2005, Frist told reporters that he was less concerned about possible torture at CIA secret prisons than he was about potentially compromising the security of millions of Americans. Flying home after visiting the Guantanamo Bay detention center he said September 10, 2006 he expects bipartisan support for putting top captured al-Qaeda figures on trial before military commissions and for guidelines on how they should be treated. Frist visited the detention center in eastern Cuba, which holds some 460 detainees, including 14 top alleged al-Qaida figures recently transferred from CIA custody. He stated that his visit with fellow Republicans Sen. Mitch McConnell of Kentucky and Sen. Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania, the Senate Judiciary Committee chairman, was especially poignant coming one day short of the fifth anniversary of the attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people. Frist said that visiting the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center, and recognizing that the 14 individuals who likely contributed to the September 11, 2001 attacks were there, led him to realize how critical it is that the U.S. define the appropriate criteria to make sure that the government have the information to prevent such a tragedy from occurring again. The senators didn't see the 14 new detainees, but visited Guantanamo to learn of the interrogation techniques. In his mind, the detainees are being treated in a safe and humane way.
After leaving the Senate, during the health care reform debates, Frist stated that he would have broken with his party and would have voted in favor of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was unanimously voted against by Republicans.[47] In January 2011, after the Republicans regained a majority in the House, Frist called on them not to attempt to repeal the health care law.[48]
Electoral history[link]
| Tennessee United States Senate Election, 2000 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Bill Frist (Incumbent) | 1,255,444 | 65.10 | +8.75 | |
| Democratic | Jeff Clark | 621,152 | 32.21 | -10 | |
| Republican hold | Swing | ||||
| Tennessee United States Senate Election, 1994 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Bill Frist | 834,226 | 56.35 | +21 | |
| Democratic | Jim Sasser (Incumbent) | 623,164 | 42.10 | -22.99 | |
| Republican gain from Democratic | Swing | ||||
References[link]
- ^ Johnson, Carrie (April 27, 2007). "Frist Not Charged as Investigators Close Probe of His Hospital Stock Sales". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/26/AR2007042602343.html.
- ^ Ancestry of Bill Frist
- ^ http://www.marketwatch.com/story/hcas-ipo-could-be-a-boon-for-hospital-industry-2010-04-15
- ^ www.NationalJournal.com
- ^ Frist, Bill (2009-01-04). "A Tremendous Personal Honor". VOLPAC. http://www.volpac.org/. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ^ FEC Finds that Frist 2000 Violated Law on 1 Jun 2006
- ^ "Text: Remarks by Sen. Frist to the Republican National Convention". Washington Post (FDCH E-Media, Inc). August 31, 2004. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50446-2004Aug31.html.
- ^ Babington, Charles (March 18, 2005). "Filibuster Precedent? Democrats Point to '68 and Fortas". Washington Post: p. A03. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45149-2005Mar17.html.
- ^ MITCHELL, GEORGE J. (May 10, 2005). "The Not-So-Secret History of Filibusters". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/10/opinion/10Mitchell.html.
- ^ "Frist Decides Against ’08 Presidential Bid", Wall Street Journal, November 29, 2006
- ^ Youngman, Sam (January 18, 2007). "Frist Looking at Governor Run in 2010". The Hill. http://www.thehill.com/thehill/export/TheHill/News/Frontpage/011707/frist.html.
- ^ http://www.onevote08.org/aboutone.php
- ^ http://www.one.org/blog/category/one/onestaffafricatrip/fristjulyafricatrip/
- ^ a b c "Faculty Profile". Vanderbilt Owen School Web site. http://owen.vanderbilt.edu/vanderbilt/about/faculty-research/f_profile.cfm?id=234. Retrieved 2010-03-30. [dead link]
- ^ "Cressey & Company Forms Executive Board". Reuters (PRNewswire). June 9, 2008. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS98246+09-Jun-2008+PRN20080609. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- ^ "Bill Frist, Cressey & Co. open Nashville officeNashville". Business Journal. August 27, 2008. http://www.bizjournals.com/nashville/stories/2008/08/25/daily33.html. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- ^ Frist, Bill (2009-01-04). "A Tremendous Personal Honor". VOLPAC. http://www.volpac.org/. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- ^ "ABOUT US". SCORE. http://www.tnscore.org/about-us/. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
- ^ "Dr. William Frist Joins Aegis Sciences as Health Care Advisor". Business Wire (press release). May 20, 2009. http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20090520005146&newsLang=en.
- ^ "Bill Frist joins board of engineering giant". Nashville Post. 2009-11-18. http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2009/11/18/bill_frist_joins_board_of_urs_corp_. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
- ^ "URS-Investor Relations-Board of Directors". http://investors.urscorp.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=89381&p=irol-govboard. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
- ^ "Bolten '76, Frist '74 appointed to serve on Clinton Bush Haiti Fund's Board of Directors" by Daily Princetonian Staff, March 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ Bipartisan Policy Center To Announce New Health Project Led by Former Senate Majority Leaders Tom Daschle and Bill Frist and Former Governor Ted Strickland
- ^ Sen. Frist sells HCA stock; then price falls
- ^ Frist family and Scully fund university projects
- ^ Captain America: The Senator explains politics, the virtues of public service, and life in general beyond the Cottage Club
- ^ Thornburgh, Nathan (13 August 2006). "How VIPs get in". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1226164,00.html.
- ^ Frist Fails to Disclose Foundation Role
- ^ Frist Not Charged as Investigators Close Probe of His Hospital Stock Sales Washington Post, April 27, 2007
- ^ http://www.amconmag.com/article/2009/oct/01/00027/
- ^ http://www.firstamendment.com/site-articles/UIEGA/#_ftn8
- ^ www.google.com/search?q=poker+black+friday
- ^ http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/April11/scheinbergetalindictmentpr.pdf
- ^ "National Briefing – Washington: Election Panel Says Frist Campaign Violated Law". The New York Times. June 2, 2006. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E03E5DE1731F931A35755C0A9609C8B63.
- ^ Neubauer, Chuck (September 25, 2005). "Group Lists 13 'Most Corrupt' in Congress". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/print/2005/sep/25/nation/na-ethics25.
- ^ Birnbaum, Jeffrey H.; Smith, R. Jeffrey (September 24, 2005). "SEC, Justice Investigate Frist's Sale of Stock". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/23/AR2005092301811.html.
- ^ Frist, Bill (2005). Bill Frist : a senator speaks out on ethics, respect and compassion. Washington, D.C.: Monument Press. pp. 195. ISBN 0-9769668-3-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=0aFiYpPzsgYC&lpg=PA195&dq=%22I%20question%20it%20based%20on%20a%20review%20of%20the%20video%20footage%20which%20I%20spent%20an%20hour%20or%20so%20looking%20at%20last%20night%20in%20my%20office%22&pg=PA195#v=onepage&q=%22I%20question%20it%20based%20on%20a%20review%20of%20the%20video%20footage%20which%20I%20spent%20an%20hour%20or%20so%20looking%20at%20last%20night%20in%20my%20office%22&f=false.
- ^ Letter: Frist Schiavo diagnosis being reviewed in Tennessee June 24, 2005
- ^ Medical Examiner's Report on the Schiavo Autopsy June 13, 2005
- ^ Kornblut, Anne E. (2005). "Schiavo Autopsy Renews Debate on G.O.P. Actions". The New York Times, June 16, 2005
- ^ William H. Frist, MD, Transplant : A Heart Surgeon's Account of the Life-and-Death Dramas of the New Medicine, Fawcett; Reprint edition (August 28, 1990), ISBN 0-449-21905-4
- ^ Kranish, Michael (2002-10-27). "First Responder". Boston Globe.
- ^ "Kitty-killer label litters Frist resume for president". The Tennessean. 2006-06-12. http://tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060612/COLUMNIST0101/606120346/1092/NEWS.
- ^ Frist Floor Statement on Partial-Birth Abortion[dead link]
- ^ Hebert, H. Josef (July 29, 2005). "Frist Breaks With Bush on Stem-Cell Bill". Guardian Unlimited. Associated Press (London). Archived from the original on July 31, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050731002038/http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-5176053,00.html. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- ^ http://ontheissues.org/Senate/Bill_Frist.htm
- ^ Tumulty, Karen (October 2, 2009). "Bill Frist on Health Bill: I’d Vote For It". Time. http://swampland.time.com/2009/10/02/bill-frist-on-health-bill-id-vote-for-it/. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- ^ Stein, Sam (January 18, 2011). "Bill Frist: Health Care Is 'Law Of The Land', GOP Should Drop Repeal And Build On It". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/18/bill-frist-health-care-repeal-gop_n_810345.html.
Further reading[link]
- Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (2005-07-30). "Frist hears cheers, jeers after stem cell reversal". The New York Times.
- HumanEvents.com — 'Frist a Major Share-Holder in Reputed For-Profit Abortion Provider', Terence P. Jeffrey (Dec 23, 2002), Human Events
- NYTimes.com — 'Leadership in Recapturing the Senate Pushed Frist Into Spotlight', David Firestone,The New York Times (December 21, 2002)
- Senator sold stock before price dropped (AP story on Frist's sale of HCA stock)
External links[link]
 |
Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bill Frist |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bill Frist |
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Tennessee Department of Health — Practioner Profile (William H. Frist, MD)
- Hope Through Healing Hands
- SCORE (State Collaborative on Reforming Education)
- Facebook: Bill Frist
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Tom Daschle (D-South Dakota) |
United States Senate Majority Leader January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 |
Succeeded by Harry Reid (D-Nevada) |
| United States Senate | ||
| Preceded by Jim Sasser |
United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee January 4, 1995 – January 3, 2007 Served alongside: Fred Thompson, Lamar Alexander |
Succeeded by Bob Corker |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Bill Anderson |
Republican nominee for United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee 1994, 2000 |
Succeeded by Bob Corker |
| Preceded by Mitch McConnell Kentucky |
Chairman of National Republican Senatorial Committee 2001–2003 |
Succeeded by George Allen Virginia |
| Preceded by Trent Lott Mississippi |
Senate Republican Leader 2003–2007 |
Succeeded by Mitch McConnell Kentucky |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Frist, Bill |
| Alternative names | Frist, William Harrison |
| Short description | physician, businessman, and politician |
| Date of birth | February 22, 1952 |
| Place of birth | Nashville, Tennessee |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bill_Frist
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http://nl.wn.com/Bill Frist
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frist
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the stand-up comic and author. For the American Olympic rower, see Bill Maher (rower).
| Bill Maher | |
|---|---|
 Maher at a ceremony to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in September 2010 |
|
| Birth name | William Maher, Jr. |
| Born | (1956-01-20) January 20, 1956 (age 56) New York, New York, U.S. |
| Medium | Stand-up, television, film, books |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Genres | Satire, Political satire, News satire, Observational comedy |
| Subject(s) | American politics, current events, American culture, pop culture, freedom of speech, environmentalism, religion, human sexuality, recreational drug use, libertarianism, American liberalism, American conservatism |
| Influences | Steve Allen, George Carlin, Johnny Carson, David Frost, Robert Klein, Don Rickles, Gore Vidal, Lenny Bruce |
| Notable works and roles | Elliot on Charlie Hoover Host of Politically Incorrect Host of Real Time with Bill Maher Religulous |
| Website | BillMaher.com |
William "Bill" Maher, Jr. ( /ˈmɑːr/; born January 20, 1956) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, political commentator, author, and actor. Before his current role as the host of HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, Maher hosted a similar late-night talk show called Politically Incorrect originally on Comedy Central and later on ABC.
Maher is known for his political satire and sociopolitical commentary, which targets a wide swath of topics including religion, politics, bureaucracies of many kinds, political correctness, the mass media, greed among people and persons in positions of high political and social power, and the lack of intellectual curiosity in the electorate.[1] He supports the legalization of marijuana and same-sex marriage, and serves on the board of PETA.[2] He is also a critic of religion and is an advisory board member of Project Reason, a foundation to promote scientific knowledge and secular values within society.[3] In 2005, Maher ranked at number 38 on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time.[4] Bill Maher received a Hollywood Walk of Fame star on September 14, 2010.[5]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Maher was born in New York City, the son of Julie (née Berman), a nurse, and William Maher, Sr., a network news editor and radio announcer.[6] He was raised in his Irish American father's Catholic religion, remaining unaware that his mother was Jewish until his early teenage years.[7][8][9][10] Due to Maher's father's disagreement with the Catholic Church's position on birth control, he stopped taking Maher and his sister to Catholic church services when Maher was thirteen.[11]
Maher was raised in River Vale, New Jersey, and graduated from Pascack Hills High School in Montvale in 1974. He received a B.A. in English and history from Cornell University in 1978.[12]
Early career[link]
Maher began his career as a stand-up comedian and actor. He was host of the New York City comedy club Catch a Rising Star in 1979. Thanks to Steve Allen, he began appearing on Johnny Carson's and David Letterman's shows in 1982. He made limited television appearances including a recurring role in Sara (1985), appeared in Max Headroom (1987), two separate appearances on Murder, She Wrote (1989, 1990), a recurring role in Charlie Hoover (1991) and other productions. He has also appeared in several films, usually in a comic role. His feature film debut was in D.C. Cab (1983), and he also appeared in Ratboy (1986) Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death (1988) and Pizza Man (1991), among others.
Television career[link]
[edit] Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher
Main article: Politically Incorrect
Maher assumed the host role Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher, a late-night political talk show that ran on Comedy Central from 1993 to 1997 and on ABC from 1997 to 2002. The show regularly began with a topical monologue by Maher preceding the introduction of four guests, usually a diverse group of individuals from show business, popular culture, political pundits, political consultants, authors, and occasionally news figures. The group would discuss topical issues selected by Maher, who also participated in the discussions.[13] Jerry Seinfeld, a regular guest on the show, stated that Politically Incorrect reminded him of talk shows from the 1950s and 60s "when guests interacted with each other as much as with the host."[14]
Politically Incorrect won an array of awards, including an Emmy Award for Outstanding Technical Direction, two CableACE awards for Best Talk Show Series, and a Genesis Award for Best Television Talk Show. Maher earned numerous award nominations for his producing, writing and hosting of Politically Incorrect, including ten Emmy nominations, two TV Guide nominations, and two Writers Guild nominations. ABC decided against renewing Maher's contract for Politically Incorrect in 2002, after he made a controversial on-air remark shortly after the September 11 attacks.[15] He agreed with his guest, conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, that the 9/11 terrorists did not act in a cowardly manner (in rebuttal to President Bush's statement calling 9/11 hijackers cowards). Maher said, "We have been the cowards. Lobbing cruise missiles from two thousand miles away. That's cowardly. Staying in the airplane when it hits the building. Say what you want about it. Not cowardly. You're right." Maher later clarified that his comment was not anti-military in any way whatsoever, referencing his well-documented longstanding support for the American military.[16][17][18]
In the context of the attacks, some corporate advertisers found the comment too insensitive and controversial. Several companies, including FedEx and Sears Roebuck, pulled their advertisements from the show, costing the show more than it returned.
The show was cancelled on June 16, 2002, and the Sinclair Broadcast Group had dropped the show from its ABC-affiliated stations months prior. On June 22, 2002, just six days after the cancellation of Politically Incorrect, Maher received the Los Angeles Press Club president's award (for "championing free speech"). Maher was on the board of judges one year for the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award.
Maher's remarks after 9/11 were not the first time he had sparked controversy on Politically Incorrect. In the same year, Maher was widely criticized for comparing dogs to retarded children. He apologized for his comments.[19]
[edit] Real Time with Bill Maher
Main article: Real Time with Bill Maher
In 2003, Maher became the host, co-producer and co-writer of Real Time with Bill Maher, a weekly hour-long political comedy talk show on the cable television network HBO. During an interview, Maher told Terry Gross (on NPR's Fresh Air) that he much prefers having serious and well-informed guests on his program, as opposed to the random celebrities that fleshed out his roundtable discussions on Politically Incorrect.[20]
As with his previous show, Politically Incorrect, Maher begins Real Time with a comic opening monologue based upon current events and other topical issues. He proceeds to a one-on-one interview with a guest, either in-studio or via satellite. Following the interview, Maher sits with three panelists, usually consisting of pundits, authors, activists and journalists, for a discussion of the week's events. In the segment "New Rules" at the end of each show, Maher delivers a humorous editorial on popular culture and American politics.
In late May 2005, Alabama Congressman Spencer Bachus sent a letter to Time Warner's board of directors requesting Real Time be cancelled after remarks Maher made after noting the military had missed its recruiting goals by 42 percent. Bachus said he felt the comments were demeaning to the military and treasonous. Maher stated his highest regard and support for the troops and asked why the congressman criticized him instead of doing something about the recruitment problem.[21]
Real Time has earned widespread praise. It has been nominated for more than ten Primetime Emmy Awards and six Writer's Guild awards. In 2007, Maher and his co-producers were awarded the Television Producer of the Year Award in Variety Television by the Producers Guild of America.[22] Maher holds the record for the most Emmy nominations without a win, having been nominated on 22 occasions and not winning once. Eleven of the nominations were for Politically Incorrect, while nine were for Real Time. The other two were nominations for two of his HBO comedy specials: Bill Maher: I'm Swiss and Bill Maher: The Decider.[23]
HBO announced in July 2011 the show was renewed for a tenth season.[24]
Christine O'Donnell[link]
See also: Christine O'Donnell#General election
On September 17, 2010, Maher aired a clip of Delaware Republican Senatorial candidate Christine O'Donnell from the October 29, 1999 episode of his old show Politically Incorrect on his current show Real Time with Bill Maher,[25][26] where she discussed that she had "dabbled in witchcraft." This was one of the most notable of numerous controversial statements by O'Donnell that made her the most covered candidate in the 2010 mid-term election cycle.[27][28]
Political commentator[link]
Maher is a frequent commentator on various cable news networks, namely CNN, MSNBC, and HLN. Maher has regularly appeared on CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer[29] and has also been a frequent guest on MSNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews,[30] The Rachel Maddow Show[31] and Countdown with Keith Olbermann.[32] Maher has also appeared as a guest on HLN's The Joy Behar Show.[33]
Maher hosted the January 13, 2006 edition of Larry King Live, on which he was a frequent guest. Maher appeared as a special guest on the June 29, 2010 edition of the show, on which CNN anchor Larry King announced his retirement.[34] Maher co-emceed the final show of Larry King Live on December 16, 2010 with Ryan Seacrest.[35]
Since May 2005, he has been a contributing blogger at The Huffington Post.
Views and beliefs[link]
Politics[link]
Maher eschews political labels, referring to himself as "practical".[36] In the past, he has described himself as a libertarian and has also referred to himself "as a progressive, as a sane person".[37][38]
Maher favors a partial privatization of Social Security, ending corporate welfare and federal funding of non-profits, and legalization of gambling, prostitution, and marijuana. Maher is a member of the advisory boards for both the NORML and Marijuana Policy Project, organizations which support regulated legalization of marijuana.[39][40] He describes himself as an environmentalist, and he has spoken in favor of the Kyoto treaty on global warming on his show Real Time. He often criticizes industry figures involved in environmental pollution.[41]
Maher is a board member of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Before the 2004 U.S. presidential election, Maher became candid in his stated opposition to the re-election of George W. Bush and in his support for John Kerry.[42]
Known for protesting against the demonization of the word "liberal", during the campaign Maher criticized Kerry for being ashamed of the word. On his show, the comedian has noted the paradox of people claiming they distrusted "elite" politicians while at the same time wanting elite doctors to treat them and elite lawyers to represent them in court.[43] Maher supports the death penalty. Since the 9/11 attacks, he has endorsed the use of racial profiling at airports.[44]
He was originally against the Iraq War, and has summarized his opinion by saying that the United States and the world have had to pay too high a price for the war. He is skeptical of Iraq surviving without civil war.[45]
In the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Maher announced his support for Barack Obama.[46] Although Maher welcomed Obama's electoral victory, he has subjected him to criticism once in office for not acting boldly on health care reform and other progressive issues.[47]
On February 23, 2012, after his 'Crazy Stupid Politics' special streamed on Yahoo! Screen, Maher announced that he was contributing $1 million to Priorities USA, the Obama SuperPAC.[48][49]
Religion[link]
See also: Religulous
Maher is highly critical of religion, and views it as not worth the bother. He has referred to himself as an apatheist - a pragmatic atheist - on Scarborough Country on April 24, 2007, and again in July 2011.[50][51] He has reiterated this stance in subsequent interviews, rejecting both the certitude of the existence, as well as the certitude of nonexistence of deities, concluding, "I'm saying that doubt is the only appropriate response for human beings."[52] He is an advisory board member of author Sam Harris's Project Reason, a foundation that promotes scientific knowledge and secular values within society.
Maher and director Larry Charles teamed up to make the feature film Religulous (2008), described by trade publication Variety as a documentary "that spoofs religious extremism across the world." It was released on October 3, 2008.[53][54]
While Maher is critical towards Christianity, he is an outspoken critic of religion as a whole, including Islam. On October 29, 2010, during a Real Time segment, Maher commented on a news story saying that the name Mohammed had become the most popular baby name in the United Kingdom. He asked, "Am I a racist to feel alarmed by that? Because I am. And it’s not because of the race, it’s because of the religion. I don’t have to apologize, do I, for not wanting the Western world to be taken over by Islam in 300 years? Sharia law is being institutionalized in England? Well, then I am right, I should be alarmed."[55] He later defended his comments on CNN, saying, "And when I say Westerner, I mean someone who believes in the values that Western people believe in that a lot of the Muslim world does not. Like separation of church and state. Like equality of the sexes. Like respect for minorities, free elections, free speech, freedom to gather. These things are not just different from cultures that don’t have them. ... It’s better. ... I would like to keep those values here." [56]
Maher received the Richard Dawkins Award for 2009 from Atheist Alliance International "for his efforts to further the values science and reason in the world."[57]
Maher was ranked first by MormonVoices, a group associated with Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research, on its Top Ten Anti-Mormon Statements of 2011 list for saying "By any standard, Mormonism is more ridiculous than any other religion".[58]
Health care[link]
Maher has stated that the AMA is a powerful lobbying group and one of the primary reasons why the United States had failed to enact health care reform.[59][dead link][60]
On August 24, 2009, Maher was a guest on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. On the topic of getting health care reform legislation passed, Maher stated that Obama should forget about trying to get 60 votes for it, "he only needs 51." "Forget getting the sixty votes or sixty percent — sixty percent of people don't believe in evolution in this country — he just needs to drag them to it, like I said, they're stupid; get health care done, with or without them."[61]
Maher has expressed the view that most illness is generally the result of poor diet and lack of exercise, and that medicine is often not the best way of addressing illness. In an episode of his show about the 2008 presidential candidates' health plans, Maher stated that poor nutrition is a primary cause of illness, and that "the answer isn't another pill."[62] He also has said:" If you believe you need to take all the pills the pharmaceutical industry says you do, then you're already on drugs!"[63]
He has expressed his distaste for the pharmaceutical and health care industries in general, on the grounds that they make their money out of curing people who are made sick by consuming unhealthy food that corporations urge upon the public. He maintains that mass consumption of high-fructose corn syrup is a contributor to the rise in frequency of obesity in the United States.[64]
In a discussion with Michael Moore about the film Sicko, Maher said, "The human body is pretty amazing; it doesn't get sick, usually, for no reason. I mean, there's some genetic stuff that can get to you, but, basically, people are sick in this country because they're poisoned. The environment is a poisoning factor, but also, we gotta say, they poison themselves. They eat shit. People eat shit, and that's, to my way of thinking, about 90 percent of why people are sick, is because they eat shit. Would you agree?"[65]
On October 9, 2009, on his HBO show, Maher debated the effectiveness of flu vaccinations with Bill Frist and stated, "Why would you let them be the ones to stick a disease into your arm? I would never get a swine flu vaccine or any vaccine. I don’t trust the government, especially with my health." Maher also expressed skepticism about the seriousness of the swine flu and whether completely healthy people could die from it. His comments have generated criticism, and his remarks have been called unscientific and even harmful.[66]
Maher responded to the criticism, noting, "What I've read about what they think I'm saying is not what I've said. I'm not a germ theory denier. I believe vaccinations can work. Polio is a good example. Do I think in certain situations that inoculating Third World children against malaria or diphtheria, or whatever, is right? Of course. In a situation like that, the benefits outweigh costs. But to me living in Los Angeles? To get a flu shot? No."[67]
He supports the current abortion laws and giving the terminally ill the right to assisted suicide.
Criticism of 9/11 conspiracy theories[link]
Maher has been a critic of 9/11 conspiracy theories. On October 19, 2007, Maher confronted several 9/11 truthers and had them ejected from his show audience after they interrupted the live show numerous times by calling out from the audience. The incident drew significant media attention and praise from Fox News talk show host and frequent critic John Gibson.[68]
Personal life[link]
Maher has never married. In 2003, he began dating former Playboy Cyber Girl Coco Johnsen. In November 2004, at the end of their 17-month relationship, she sued him for USD $9 million for "pain and suffering" for alleged "insulting, humiliating and degrading racial comments." Her suit[69] stated that Maher promised to marry her and father her children, support her financially, and purchase a Beverly Hills home. Her suit also alleged that she quit her job as a flight attendant and occasional model to be with him. Maher's lawyers in their response filed on November 23, 2004, in Los Angeles Superior Court said Maher is a "confirmed bachelor, and a very public one at that" who "never promised to marry [Johnsen] or to have children with her."[70]
Maher's filing stated that, after the relationship had ended, Johnsen "launched a campaign to embarrass, humiliate, and extort ridiculous sums of money from Bill Maher." Johnsen accused another former boyfriend of rape and kidnapping in 1997, and the charges were later dismissed for lack of evidence.[71] Her lawsuit against Maher was dismissed on May 2, 2005.
Maher enjoys his bachelor status and states that he does not want to get married. On his website, he is quoted as saying, "I'm the last of my guy friends to have never gotten married, and their wives — they don't want them playing with me. I'm like the escaped slave — I bring news of freedom."[72]
In 2005, he began dating Karrine Steffans, best-selling author and former hip hop model.[73][74][75] When commentators suggested there was a pattern to his dating because both his girlfriend and former girlfriend were black, Maher said, "People say I'm into black women. Robert De Niro is into black women. I'm just into women who are real, and they happen to be black."[74]
From 2009 to 2011, Maher dated the neuroscientist and science educator Cara Santa Maria.[76]
Credits[link]
Bibliography[link]
- True Story : A Novel, 1994 (ISBN 0-7432-4251-3)
- Does Anybody Have a Problem With That? Politically Incorrect's Greatest Hits, 1996 (ISBN 0-679-45627-9)
- Does Anybody Have a Problem with That? The Best of Politically Incorrect, 1997 (ISBN 0-345-41281-8)
- When You Ride Alone You Ride With Bin Laden: What the Government Should Be Telling Us to Help Fight the War on Terrorism, 2003 (ISBN 1-893224-90-2)
- Keep the Statue of Liberty Closed: The New Rules, 2004 (ISBN 1-932407-47-2)
- New Rules: Polite Musings from a Timid Observer, 2005 (ISBN 1-59486-295-8)
- The New New Rules: A Funny Look at How Everybody but Me Has Their Head Up Their Ass, 2011 (ISBN 0-39915-841-3)
Filmography[link]
| Film | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | |
| 1983 | D.C. Cab | Bob | |
| 1986 | Rags to Riches | Freddie | |
| Club Med | Rick | ||
| Ratboy | Party Guest | ||
| 1987 | House II: The Second Story | John | |
| 1988 | Out of Time | Maxwell Taylor | |
| 1989 | Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death | Jim | |
| 1991 | Pizza Man | Elmo Bunn | |
| 1996 | Don't Quit Your Day Job! | Comic's Table | |
| 1997 | Bimbo Movie Bash | Unknown | |
| 1998 | EDtv | Himself | |
| 2001 | Tomcats (film) | Carlos | |
| 2005 | The Aristocrats | Himself | |
| 2008 | Swing Vote | Himself | |
| Religulous | Himself | ||
| 2009 | New Rules: Best of | Himself | |
| 2010 | Sex, Drugs & Religion (2010) | Himself | |
| HBO Specials | |||
| Year | Title | Role | |
| 1989 | One Night Stand | Himself | |
| 1992 | One Night Stand | Himself | |
| 1995 | Stuff that Struck Me Funny | Himself | |
| 1997 | The Golden Goose Special | Himself | |
| 2000 | Be More Cynical | Himself | |
| 2003 | Victory Begins at Home | Himself | |
| 2005 | I'm Swiss | Himself | |
| 2007 | The Decider | Himself | |
| 2010 | But I'm Not Wrong | Himself | |
| Other Specials | |||
| 2012 | Bill Maher Stand-Up: CrazyStupidPolitics | Himself | |
| Television | |||
| Year | Title | Role | |
| 1985 | Sara | Marty Lang | |
| 1987 | Hard Knocks | Unknown | |
| Max Headroom | Haskel | ||
| 1989–90 | Murder, She Wrote | (2 episodes) | |
| 1990 | The Midnight Hour | Host | |
| 1991 | Charlie Hoover | Elliot | |
| 1992 | Say What? | Host | |
| 1993 | Married... with Children | Adam Gold | |
| Roseanne | Photographer | ||
| 1997 | Dharma & Greg | Himself | |
| 1993–2002 | Politically Incorrect | Host | |
| 2002 | Just for Laughs | Himself | |
| 2003–present | Real Time with Bill Maher | Host | |
| 2008 | True Blood | Himself | |
| 2010 | The Boondocks | Himself | |
| 2010 | Family Guy | Himself | |
References[link]
- ^ "Political Satirist Bill Maher's 'New Rules'". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4792262. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ "Interview with Larry King, 9-28-03". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/28/lkl.00.html. "Larry, I'm a PETA board member."
- ^ University of California – Los Angeles (October 11, 2010). "Where Religious Belief And Disbelief Meet". ScienceDaily. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091005092302.htm.
- ^ Comedy Central's Top 100; ComedyCentral.com; April 4, 2005
- ^ "Bill Maher gets Hollywood Walk of Fame star, September 14, 2010". USA Today. September 14, 2010. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2010-09-14-maher-hollywood-star_N.htm. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ "Bill Maher Biography (1956–)". Film Reference. http://www.filmreference.com/film/32/Bill-Maher.html. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ "Interview With Bill Maher". CNN. May 24, 2002. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0205/24/lkl.00.html. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ King, Larry (May 24, 2002). "CNN LARRY KING LIVE Interview With Bill Maher". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0205/24/lkl.00.html. Retrieved April 23, 2010. "But I never even knew I was half-Jewish until I was a teenager."
- ^ Carlin-McCall, Kelly (November/December 2008). "The Real Bill". Irish America magazine. http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/octnov08/features/bill-maher-octnov08.asp. Retrieved April 23, 2010. "So the fact that I’m half Irish and half Jewish, they both contributed to a sense of humor."
- ^ Morgan, Piers (July 2011). "Bill Maher explains his 'apatheism,' apathetic atheism". CNN. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/12/maher-on-religion/. Retrieved July 12, 2011. ""...and I was raised Catholic. I was never Jewish""
- ^ "Getting Blasphemous in the Presence of Bill Maher". Media.www.diamondbackonline.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20081221013449/http://media.www.diamondbackonline.com/media/storage/paper873/news/2008/10/03/Diversions/Getting.Blasphemous.In.The.Presence.Of.Bill.Maher-3467097.shtml. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Entertainment; Ivy League Celebrities". Comcast.net. http://www.comcast.net/slideshow/entertainment-ivyleague/18/. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
- ^ Carter, Bill (February 27, 1994). "TELEVISION; Lots of Political Humor, and No Morton Kondracke". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/27/arts/television-lots-of-political-humor-and-no-morton-kondracke.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/M/Maher,%20Bill. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ Hart, Hugh (August 10, 1995). "Talking Issues". Chicago Tribune. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/27/arts/television-lots-of-political-humor-and-no-morton-kondracke.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/M/Maher,%20Bill. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ "The Big Story: Politically Incorrect". http://thebigstory.org/ov/ov-politicallyincorrect.html. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
- ^ Goldberg, Danny (2002). It's a Free Country: Personal Freedom in America After September 11. RDV Books. p. 77. ISBN 0-9719206-0-5.
- ^ Garofoli, Joe. Talk host's towering rant: S.F. not worth saving. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/11/11/MNGFMFMNV41.DTL. Retrieved October 9, 2007
- ^ Navasky, Victor. Profiles in Cowardice. The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20011105/navasky. Retrieved October 9, 2007
- ^ "TV Host's Words Draw Criticism and Apology". The New York Times. January 18, 2001. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9D06E6DA1F3DF93BA25752C0A9679C8B63. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
- ^ "Bill Maher: Four More Years". NPR. February 8, 2005. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4490632. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ "Bill Maher's Remark About Army 'Borders on Treason,' Lawmaker Says – Celebrity Gossip | Entertainment News | Arts And Entertainment". FOXNews.com. May 23, 2005. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,157435,00.html. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ Producers Guild of America Awards - Winners 1990-2010; PGA.org; May 29, 2012
- ^ "Gold Derby". The Los Angeles Times. July 20, 2009. http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/07/will-emmys-biggest-loser-bill-maher-ever-win.html.
- ^ "TCA 2011: HBO to get 'Luck'-y in January". LA Times. July 28, 2011. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2011/07/tca-2011-.html.
- ^ McGreal, Chris (September 20, 2010). "Christine O'Donnell: I dabbled in witchcraft". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media Limited). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/20/christine-o-donnell-dabbled-witchcraft. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ Michael Sragow. "Bill Maher celebrates the art of standup". The Baltimore Sun. http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/bs-ae-arts-story-1119-20101118,0,6769640.story.
- ^ The Midterms’ Media Mainstays | Project for Excellence in Journalism (PEJ)
- ^ Ken Tucker. "Christine O'Donnell, witchcraft, and Bill Maher: TV and politics put a hex on common sense". Entertainment Weekly. http://watching-tv.ew.com/2010/09/19/christine-odonnell-witchcraft-bill-maher.
- ^ Robyn Ross. "Bill Maher: Zach Galifianakis Did Not Light Up a Real Joint". TVGuide. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Zach-Galifianakis-Joint-1024995.aspx.
- ^ "Bill Maher plays Hardball". MSN. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11366025/ns/msnbc_tv-hardball_with_chris_matthews.
- ^ "Arianna Hosts The Rachel Maddow Show with Guests Bill Maher, Lawrence O'Donnell, Nate Silver, Cory Booker and Google's Eric Schmidt". Huffington Post. December 18, 2008. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-tv/arianna-hosts-the-irachel_b_144514.html.
- ^ "Maher on Countdown with Keith Olbermann (video)". MSNBC. January 21, 2011. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036677/#40225161. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
- ^ "Bill Maher spends some real time with Joy". CNN. http://joybehar.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/28/bill-maher-spends-some-real-time-with-joy. [dead link]
- ^ "Bill Maher helps Larry King say goodbye". Mediaite. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/bill-maher-helps-larry-king-say-goodbye/. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ Rowe, Douglas J. (December 16, 2010). "Surrounded by Famous Fans, Larry King Ends His 25-Year Run on CNN". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Larry-King-Ends-1026885.aspx. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
- ^ Martel, Frances (July 11, 2011). "Bill Maher To Piers Morgan: I Hope Sarah Palin And Michele Bachmann ‘Split the MILF Vote’". Mediaite. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/bill-maher-to-piers-morgan-palin-can-absolutely-win-in-2012-but-hed-vote-for-bachmann/. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
- ^ Rutenberg, Jim. (October 8, 2001.) "Bill Maher still secure in ABC slot, at least now". New York Times via nytimes.com. Retrieved on October 12, 2007.
- ^ "Maher slams 2012 GOP presidential field (video)". CNN. July 16, 2010. http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/06/14/exp.ac.maher.part1.debate.cnn. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
- ^ "NORML Advisory Board". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. http://norml.org/advisory-board. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
- ^ "MPP Advisory Board". Marijuana Policy Project. http://www.mpp.org/vip/. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
- ^ Halem, Dann. (August 1, 2001.) "Is Bill Maher a libertarian?", Salon (news website). Retrieved on October 12, 2007.
- ^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (August 2, 2004). " "Convictions Intact, Nader Soldiers On". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/02/us/convictions-intact-nader-soldiers-on.html?scp=1&sq=Maher%202000%20Bush&st=cse". Retrieved April 1, 2010.
- ^ "Say it loud: I'm elite and proud!" Salon; April 13, 2007
- ^ (2002-12-16 broadcast.) "CNN American Morning with Paula Zahn: Talk with Bill Maher". (Transcript.) Cnn.com (Caveat: "This is a rush transcript.") Retrieved on October 12, 2007.
- ^ Modell, Josh. "Bill Maher | Film | Interview". The A.V. Club. http://www.avclub.com/articles/bill-maher,14307/. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Ear to the Ground – Down to the Wire". Truthdig. http://www.truthdig.com/eartotheground/item/20080204_down_to_the_wire/. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ Baram, Marcus (June 15, 2009). "Bill Maher Tells Olbermann Why He's Criticizing Obama". Huffington post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/15/bill-maher-tells-olberman_n_215964.html. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ "CrazyStupidPolitics: Bill Maher Live on Yahoo! Screen". Screen.yahoo.com. 2011-04-20. http://screen.yahoo.com/crazystupidpolitics/. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ Bill Maher on Twitter.
- ^ "Bill Maher – APATHEIST", The Richard Dawkins Foundation, April 25, 2007
- ^ ", CNN Belief Blogs, July 12, 2011
- ^ "Bill Maher: The God Botherer"; The Sunday Times; April 1, 2009
- ^ Demara, Bruce. (September 10, 2007.) "Maher preaches to the TIFF choir". The Toronto Star via thestar.com. Retrieved on October 9, 2007.
- ^ Jaafar, Ali and Dade Hayes. (September 10, 2007.) "Toronto festival wary of serious films: 'Religulous' finds following at film fest"[dead link]. Variety via variety.com. Retrieved on October 9, 2007.
- ^ "Bill Maher to Muslims: Go away". Salon.com. October 29, 2010. http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2010/11/01/bill_maher_on_muslims. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ^ "Bill Maher Stands By Mohammed Remarks: ‘I Don’t Need To Apologize For Being A Proud Westerner’". Mediaite.com. November 1, 2010. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/bill-maher-stands-by-mohammed-remarks-i-dont-need-to-apologize-for-being-a-proud-westerner/. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ^ AAI Announces Site of 2009 Convention; AAI Organization; May 12, 2010
- ^ Walker, Joseph (January 8, 2012). "Group lists Top Ten Anti-Mormon Statements of 2011". Deseret News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/print/700213557/Group-lists-Top-Ten-Anti-Mormon-Statements-of-2011.html.
- ^ (2009-06-15). Keith Olbermann: Bill Maher Talks About Taking On Obama. Countdown With Keith Olbermann. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ Countdown With Keith Olbermann; MSNBC; June 15, 2009
- ^ "''Tonight Show'' with Conan O'Brien". Tonightshowwithconanobrien.com. http://www.tonightshowwithconanobrien.com/video/clips/bill-maher-pt2-082409/1149697/. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ Real Time with Bill Maher; September 28, 2007; HBO
- ^ "WINHS, World Institute of Natural Health Sciences - Home". Winhs.org. http://www.winhs.org/. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ Larry King Live – Interview With Bill Maher; CNN; September 13, 2004
- ^ Maher and Moore Chew (Out) the Fat; Kerry Trueman, The Huffington Post; May 30, 2007
- ^ Parker-Pope, Tara (October 13, 2009). "Bill Maher vs. the Flu Vaccine". The New York Times. http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/bill-maher-vs-the-flu-vaccine/. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
- ^ Needling Bill Maher; Winnipeg Sun; October 28, 2009
- ^ "Hat's Off to Bill Maher". Fox News Channel. October 22, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,304240,00.html. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ "Bill Maher Hit With Palimony Suit". http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/1111041coco1.html. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Bill Maher Fights Back". http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/12-1-2004-62384.asp. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "Bill Maher". http://www.nndb.com/people/399/000022333/. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ "About Bill Maher". http://www.billmaher.com/. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ Calhoune, Sandra. "Plot Summary of Confessions of A Video Vixen". http://www.allreaders.com/topics/Info_35499.asp. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ^ a b "Bill Maher — Smart, Snide, Still Single". http://www.savvyinsider.com/article.php?op=viewArticle&article_ID=305. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
- ^ A Bawdy Lifestyle, and How to Shake It Washington Post; July 28, 2005
- ^ Bill Maher & Cara Santa Maria Split
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bill Maher |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bill Maher |
- Official website
- Bill Maher on Twitter
- Bill Maher on Myspace
- Bill Maher at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Bill Maher in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Bill Maher on National Public Radio in 2004
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Bill Maher on Charlie Rose
- HBO's "Real Time with Bill Maher" site
- 2006 Maher Interview with The A.V. Club
- 2009 Maher Interview with writers at the Religulous DVD release
- Bill Maher collected news and commentary at The New York Times
|
|||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Maher, William |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American comedian, writer |
| Date of birth | January 20, 1956 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Rachel Maddow | |
|---|---|
 Maddow hosting KPTK's "Changing the Media, Changing America" event in Seattle |
|
| Born | Rachel Anne Maddow (1973-04-01) April 1, 1973 (age 39) Castro Valley, California, U.S. |
| Education | B.A., Stanford University D.Phil, University of Oxford |
| Occupation | News anchor Political commentator Television host |
| Notable credit(s) | The Rachel Maddow Show (MSNBC) The Rachel Maddow Show (Air America Radio) |
| Website | |
| www.rachelmaddow.com | |
Rachel Anne Maddow (pronounced /ˈmædoʊ/; born April 1, 1973) is an American television host, political commentator, and author.[1][2] Maddow hosts a nightly television show, The Rachel Maddow Show, on MSNBC.[3] Her syndicated talk radio program of the same name aired on Air America Radio. Maddow is the first openly gay anchor of a prime-time news program in the United States.[4][5][6][7]
Asked about her political views by the Valley Advocate, Maddow replied, "I'm undoubtedly a liberal, which means that I'm in almost total agreement with the Eisenhower-era Republican party platform."[8]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Maddow was born in Castro Valley, California. Her father, Robert B. "Bob" Maddow, is a former United States Air Force captain who resigned his commission the year before her birth and found civilian work as a lawyer for the East Bay Municipal Utility District. Her mother, Elaine Maddow (née Gosse), is a school program administrator from Newfoundland, Canada.[9][10][11] She has one older brother, David. Her father is of Russian and Dutch descent and her mother is of English and Irish ancestry.[11] Maddow's mother was raised a strict Roman Catholic, and Maddow herself grew up in a community that her mother has described as "very conservative."[12][13] Maddow was a competitive athlete and played three sports in high school.[14] Referencing John Hughes films, she describes herself in high school as "a cross between the jock and the antisocial girl."[13]
A graduate of Castro Valley High School in Castro Valley, California, she attended Stanford University. While a freshman, she was outed by the college newspaper when an interview with her was published by the student newspaper before she could tell her parents.[15] Maddow earned a degree in public policy from Stanford in 1994.[16] At graduation she was awarded the John Gardner Fellowship.[17] She was also the recipient of a Rhodes Scholarship and began her postgraduate study in 1995 at Lincoln College, Oxford. In 2001, she earned a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) in politics from Oxford University.[18] Her thesis is titled HIV/AIDS and Health Care Reform in British and American Prisons (supervisor: Dr Lucia Zedner). She was the first openly gay American to win a Rhodes scholarship.[19][20]
Radio career[link]
Maddow's first radio hosting job was at WRNX (100.9 FM) in Holyoke, Massachusetts, after she entered and won a contest the station held to find a new on-air personality.[21] She was hired to co-host WRNX's morning show, The Dave in the Morning Show. She went on to host Big Breakfast on WRSI, in Northampton, Massachusetts, for two years. She left the show in March 2004 to join the new Air America.[18] There she hosted Unfiltered along with Chuck D (of the hip hop group Public Enemy) and Lizz Winstead (co-creator of The Daily Show), until its cancellation in March 2005.[22] Two weeks after the cancellation of Unfiltered in April 2005, Maddow's weekday two-hour radio program, The Rachel Maddow Show, began airing; in March 2008 it gained an hour, broadcasting from 6 to 9 p.m. EST with David Bender filling in the third hour for the call-in section, when Maddow was on TV assignment. In September 2008, the show's length returned to two hours when Maddow began a nightly MSNBC television program. In February 2009, after renewing her contract with Air America, Maddow returned to the 5 am hour-long slot.[23] Her last Air America show was on January 21, 2010, two weeks before its owners filed for bankruptcy.[24]
Television career[link]
In June 2005, Maddow became a regular panelist on MSNBC's Tucker.[25] During and after the November 2006 election, she was a frequent guest on CNN's Paula Zahn Now. In January 2008, Maddow became a MSNBC political analyst and was a regular panelist on MSNBC's Race for the White House with David Gregory and MSNBC's election coverage,[26] as well as a frequent contributor on Countdown with Keith Olbermann.[18]
In April 2008, Maddow was the substitute host for Countdown with Keith Olbermann, her first time hosting a program on MSNBC. Maddow described herself on air as "nervous." Keith Olbermann complimented her work, and she was brought back to host Countdown the next month. The show she hosted was the highest rated news program among people ages 25 to 54, a key demographic in ratings.[27] For her success, the next Monday, Olbermann ranked Maddow third in his show's segment "World's Best Persons".[28] In July 2008, while Olbermann was on vacation, Maddow filled in again for several broadcasts and, on July 21, for half the show.[29] Maddow also filled in for David Gregory as host of Race for the White House.[18]
[edit] The Rachel Maddow Show
Main article: The Rachel Maddow Show (TV series)
In August 2008, MSNBC announced The Rachel Maddow Show would replace Verdict with Dan Abrams in the network's 9 p.m. slot the following month.[30][31] Following its debut, the show topped Countdown as the highest rated show on MSNBC on several occasions.[32][33] After being on air for more than a month, Maddow's program doubled the audience that hour.[34]
Early reviews for her show were mostly positive. The Los Angeles Times writer Matea Gold stated Maddow "finds the right formula on MSNBC,"[35] and The Guardian writes Maddow has become the "star of America's cable news."[20] Associated Press columnist David Bauder said she's "[Keith] Olbermann's political soul mate" and the Olbermann-Maddow shows are a "liberal two-hour block."[36]
Public image and publicity[link]
Maddow has been profiled in People,[37] the Guardian,[38] and the New York Observer,[39] has appeared on “The View” and “Charlie Rose”[40]
Keith Olbermann played a pivotal role in Maddow's hiring at MSNBC. Olbermann was able to pressure Phil Griffin to give Maddow Dan Abram's slot. A fan of Maddow's, Olbermann was able to use his influence, which had become greater as his ratings rose.[41]
A 2011 Hollywood Reporter profile of Maddow said that she was able to deliver news "with agenda, but not hysteria.”[42] A Newsweek profile noted that “At her best, Maddow debates ideological opponents with civility and persistence...But for all her eloquence, she can get so wound up ripping Republicans that she sounds like another smug cable partisan.". Baltimore Sun critic David Zurawik has accused Maddow of acting like 'a lockstep party member.'”[43]
A Time profile called her a “whip-smart, button-cute leftie.” It said that she radiates an essential decency and suggested that her career rise might signify that “nice is the new nasty.”[44]
Political views[link]
Distinguishing herself from others on the left, Maddow said she's a "national security liberal" and in a different interview that she's not "a partisan."[45][46] The New York Times called her a "defense policy wonk" who is writing a book on the role of the military in postwar American politics.[35][45] (The book, titled Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power, was published in 2012.) During the 2008 presidential election, Maddow did not formally support any candidate. Concerning Barack Obama's candidacy, Maddow said during the primaries, "I have never and still don't think of myself as an Obama supporter, either professionally or actually."[47]
In March 2010, Republican Scott Brown, the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, speculated that Maddow was going to run against him for his seat in 2012. He used this premise for a fundraising email that read "...The Massachusetts political machine is looking for someone to run against me. And you're not going to believe who they are supposedly trying to recruit — liberal MSNBC anchor Rachel Maddow." Maddow said Brown's speculation was false. On her March 23, 2010, TV program, Maddow said, "I have the best job in the world. I am not running for office. Scott Brown didn't ask me if I was running or planning to run for office, before he wrote a fundraising letter with my name. No, it's completely made up by him." Despite her comments, the next day Brown continued along the same line, telling a Boston radio station, "Bring her on." To help put an end to the matter, Maddow ran a full-page advertisement in the Boston Globe confirming she was not running, and separately demanded Brown's apology. She added that despite repeated invitations over the months, Brown had refused to appear on her TV program.[48][49][50][51]
Personal life[link]
Maddow lives in Manhattan and western Massachusetts with her partner, artist Susan Mikula.[52][53] The couple met in 1999, when Mikula hired Maddow to do yard work at her home. Maddow was working on her doctoral dissertation at the time.[52] Their first date was at a National Rifle Association "Ladies' Day on the Range" event.[54] Although Massachusetts and New York recognize same-sex marriage, as of 2009 Maddow and Mikula had no plans to marry.[13]
Honors and awards[link]
- Emmy Award in the Outstanding News Discussion and Analysis category for "The Rachel Maddow Show" episode "Good Morning Landlocked Central Asia!"
- Maddow was named in Out magazine's "Out 100" list of the "gay men and women who moved culture" in 2008.[55]
- Maddow was voted "Lesbian/Bi Woman of the Year (American)" in AfterEllen's 2008 Visibility Awards.[56]
- Maddow won a Gracie Award in 2009, presented by the American Women in Radio and Television.[57]
- In 2009, Maddow was nominated for GLAAD's 20th Annual Media Awards for a segment of her MSNBC show, "Rick Warren, Change To Believe In?", in the Outstanding TV Journalism Segment category.[58]
- On March 28, 2009, Maddow received a Proclamation of Honor from the California State Senate, presented in San Francisco by California State Senator Mark Leno.[59]
- In April 2009, she was listed at number four in Out magazine's Annual Power 50 List.[60]
- Maddow placed sixth in the "2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100" list (May 11, 2009)[61] and third in its "2009 Hot 100: Out Women" version.[62]
- Maddow was included on a list of openly gay media professionals in The Advocate's "Forty under 40" issue of June/July 2009.[63]
- In 1994, Maddow was an Honorable Mention in the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity Prize in Ethics.[64]
- In June 2009, Maddow's MSNBC show was the only cable news show nominated for a Television Critics Association award in the Outstanding Achievement in News and Information category.[65]
- In March 2010, Maddow won at the 21st Annual GLAAD Media Awards in the category, Outstanding TV Journalism- Newsmagazine for her segment, "Uganda Be Kidding Me".[66]
- Maddow was the 2010 commencement speaker and was given an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree at Smith College in Northampton, MA in May 2010.[67]
- In July 2010, Maddow was presented with a Maggie Award for her ongoing reporting of healthcare reform, the murder of Dr. George Tiller, and the anti-abortion movement.[68]
- In August 2010, Maddow won the Walter Cronkite Faith & Freedom Award, which was presented by The Interfaith Alliance.[69] Past honorees included Larry King, Tom Brokaw, and the late Peter Jennings.[69]
- In November 2011, she was included on the list of "Over-Rated Thinkers" by the editors of The New Republic.[70]
- In February 2012, Maddow was presented the John Steinbeck Award by the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies at San Jose State University.[71]
Bibliography[link]
- Maddow, Rachel (2012). Drift: The Unmooring of American Military Power. Crown. ISBN 978-0-307-46098-1.
References[link]
- ^ Adler, Margot (2008-10-23). "Rachel Maddow: Sassy, Acerbic And — Yes — Liberal". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=96039037. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
- ^ Caroll, Jon (August 11, 2009). "Rachel Maddow is my sweetie". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/08/11/DDRF195JTU.DTL. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ^ Weisbert, Julie (2007-08-23). "Talking things up". Bay Windows. http://baywindows.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=008EC9FBCFF24AD18614290016BE1303&nm=Current+Issue&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&AudID=0813BC739F2044E5A03DCF2DE3FDF7C9&tier=4&id=127263CEC4614F02984E3D5D693FD27B. Retrieved 2007-09-08. [dead link]
- ^ "Maddow the first out News Anchor of a prime-time news program". Lesbiatopia.com. http://www.lesbiatopia.com/2008/09/congrats-to-rachel-maddow-knock-em-dead.html. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ^ Johnson, Ted (March 6, 2009). "Maddow's unique style spikes ratings". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000926.html?categoryid=14&cs=1.
- ^ "Olbermann welcomes Rachel Maddow to MSNBC". lgbtQnews. August 19, 2008. http://lgbtqnews.com/gaynews/olbermann-welcomes-rachel-maddow-to-msnbc.aspx.
- ^ Whitehill, Simcha (December 18, 2008). "The Greatest & Gayest Headlines Of 2008". The Frisky. http://www.thefrisky.com/post/246-the-great-gay-headlines-of-2008/.
- ^ Sturm, Tom (2010-05-06). "Wonk and Circumstance". The Valley Advocate. http://www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=11725. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "November 6, 2008: Rachel Maddow". The Colbert Report. Comedy Central. November 6, 2008. http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/209944/november-06-2008/rachel-maddow.
- ^ France, Louise (February 8, 2009). "Interview: 'I'm not a TV anchor babe. I'm a big lesbian who looks like a man'". The Observer. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/08/rachel-maddow-american-television.
- ^ a b LaBerge, Germaine (1997-02-03). "INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT MADDOW". University of California Berkeley. http://www.archive.org/stream/watersupplyrights00maddrich/watersupplyrights00maddrich_djvu.txt. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ Baird, Julia (2008-11-22). "When Left is Right". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/170385/page/3. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ a b c Cricket, Xander (2009). Rachel Maddow: A Neowonk Guide to the Leftist, Lesbian Pundit. ISBN 978-1-4421-2267-3.
- ^ Garofoli, Joe (September 11, 2008). "Bay Area's Maddow is cable talk's newest star". San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-11/news/17156737_1_pat-buchanan-buchanan-s-republican-national-convention-radio-network. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow on Being Outed by Her College Newspaper". The Daily Beast. March 12, 2012. http://www.thedailybeast.com//content/newsweek/2012/03/11/rachel-maddow-on-being-outed-by-her-college-newspaper.html. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ^ Sheridan, Barrett (May/June 2008). "Making Airwaves: Broadcaster Rachel Maddow is succeeding at her goal of 'lefty rabblerousing'". Stanford Magazine. http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2008/mayjun/pc/maddow.html.
- ^ John Gardner Fellowship Program
- ^ a b c d Barnhart, Aaron (June 15, 2008). "MSNBC's Chuck Todd and Rachel Maddow are young, geeky and hot". Kansas City Star: p. G1. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20080619062016/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/v-print/story/661526.html.
- ^ Warn, Sarah (August 20, 2008). "Rachel Maddow Becomes First Out Lesbian to Host Prime-Time News Show". afterellen.com. http://www.afterellen.com/TV/2008/8/rachelmaddow.
- ^ a b Goodwin, Christopher (September 28, 2008). "Gay TV host is liberal queen of US news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/sep/28/television.rachel.maddow. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
- ^ Lehoczky, Etelka (2004-08-31). "Left and centered: Air America radio's Rachel Maddow is out, brilliant, and ready to defend the other L word: liberal". The Advocate. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-13176024_ITM.
- ^ Bagby, Dyana (2005-01-28). "Two ‘L-words’; Morning host adds 'lesbian' to 'liberal' radio's success". Southern Voice Atlanta. http://www.sovo.com/2005/1-28/arts/feature/lwords.cfm.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow Renews With Air America Media". Air America.com. February 2, 2009. http://www.airamerica.com/content/rachel-maddow-renews-air-america-media.
- ^ Kary, Tiffany (2010-02-04). "Air America Files for Chapter 7 Liquidation After Sales Drop". http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aa_waT5rYJe8. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
- ^ Parnass, Larry (June 15, 2005). "Maddow joins new program on MSNBC". Daily Hampshire Gazette. http://www.dailyhampshiregazette.com/storytmp_v6.cfm?id_no=61501202005.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow - Host, 'The Rachel Maddow Show'". MSNBC. August 20, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26318771/ns/msnbc_tv-rachel_maddow_show. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
- ^ "The Scoreboard: Friday, May 16". TV Newser. 2008-05-16. http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/ratings/the_scoreboard_friday_may_16_85159.asp#more.
- ^ Olbermann, Keith (2008-05-19). "Countdown with Keith Olbermann May 19, 2008". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24729773/ns/msnbc_tv-countdown_with_keith_olbermann/.
- ^ Steinberg, Jacques (2008-07-17). "Now in Living Rooms, the Host Apparent". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/arts/television/17madd.html?_r=1&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Political commentator Maddow gets own show". Associated Press. 2008-08-20. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26314670/.
- ^ Carter, Bill (2008-08-19). "Rachel Maddow to Replace Dan Abrams on MSNBC". The New York Times. http://tvdecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/rachel-maddow-to-replace-dan-abrams-on-msnbc/.
- ^ Shae, Danny (2008-09-18). "Rachel Maddow Ratings: Beats Olbermann's "Countdown" To Be MSNBC's Top Show". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/18/rachel-maddow-ratings-bea_n_127391.html.
- ^ Stanley, Alessandra (2008-09-25). "A Fresh Female Face Amid Cable Schoolboys". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/arts/television/25watc.html.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (October 21, 2008). "Fresh Face on Cable, Sharp Rise in Ratings". The New York Times: p. C1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/21/arts/television/21madd.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin.
- ^ a b Gold, Matea (September 29, 2008). "MSNBC’s new liberal spark plug". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/sep/29/entertainment/et-maddow29. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
- ^ Bauder, David (October 26, 2008). "O'Reilly, Olbermann: polar opposites of campaign". Associated Press. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5g7u4RWI5m_VoFGwSDFYs8p1bh-WwD942JRPOA.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow and Her Girlfriend Give Up TV on Weekends". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20358360,00.html. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "'I'm not a TV anchor babe. I'm a big lesbian who looks like a man'". The Guardian. 7 February 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/08/rachel-maddow-american-television. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "It’s a Maddow, Maddow World". New York Observer. http://www.observer.com/2008/media/it-s-maddow-maddow-world?show=all. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "A conversation with Rachel Maddow of MSNBC". Charlie Rose. http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/10400. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "The Dr. Maddow Show". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/news/media/51822/index3.html. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow: How This Wonky-Tonk Woman Won TV". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rachel-maddow-msnbc-243775. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "You Were Expecting Olbermann?". Newsweek. http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/02/27/you-were-expecting-olbermann.html. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow: MSNBC's New Voice". Time. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1838192,00.html. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ a b Steinberg, Jacques (July 17, 2008). "Now in Living Rooms, the Host Apparent". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/arts/television/17madd.html?scp=6&sq=rachel%20maddow&st=cse. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
- ^ Kurtz, Howard (2008-08-27). "Rachel Maddow, MSNBC's Newest Left Hand". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/26/AR2008082603069.html. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
- ^ Traister, Rebecca (2008-07-30). "Rachel Maddow's Life and Career". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/rachel-maddows-life-and-career. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
- ^ Finn, Tyler (March 26, 2010). "Rachel Maddow: Scott Brown Claim I'm Running for Office Not True". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20001286-503544.html. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Linkins, Jason (March 25, 2010). "Scott Brown Is Not Letting This Rachel Maddow Electoral Fantasy Go". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/25/scott-brown-is-not-lettin_n_513401.html. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Heslam, Jessica (March 26, 2010). "Rachel Maddow slams ‘creep’ Scott Brown; Rips fund-raising on Dem-fueled rumor". Boston Herald. http://www.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100326rachel_maddow_slams_creep_scott_brown_rips_fund-raising_on_dem-fueled_rumor/srvc=home&position=1. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ Gilbert, Matthew (March 24, 2010). "Maddow vs. Brown in 2012? Nope.". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/blog/2010/03/rachel_maddow_i.html. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ a b Goldscheider, Eric (2005-02-24). "Weekday bantering is balanced by quiet New England weekends". Boston Globe. http://www.eric-goldscheider.com/maddow.html. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow Biography". AirAmerica.com. http://www.airamerica.com/maddow/bio. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
- ^ Rachel Maddow Accepts Meghan McCain's Invitation To NRA Convention (VIDEO), Huffington Post (January 18, 2011)
- ^ "The Out 100: The men and women who made 2008 a year to remember". Out Magazine. November 4, 2008. http://www.out.com/out100/nominees_1.asp.
- ^ "The AfterEllen.com 2008 Visibility Awards". AfterEllen.com. 2008-12-24. http://www.afterellen.com/TV/2008/12/visibilityawards. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ Tanklefsky, David (February 24, 2009). "Rachel Maddow, Suze Orman Among the Winners of AWRT's Gracie Awards". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/179792-Rachel_Maddow_Suze_Orman_Among_the_Winners_of_AWRT_s_Gracie_Awards.php.
- ^ "Twentieth Annual GLAAD Media Award Nominees". Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. January 27, 2009. http://www.glaad.org/mediaawards/20thAnnual/nominees.php.
- ^ "Mother Jones flikr photo stream". Mother Jones. March 28, 2009. http://www.flickr.com/photos/motherjones/3398767311/.
- ^ "3rd Annual Power 50 | 4. Rachel Maddow". Out.com. 2008-06-23. http://out.com/power50/index.asp?pagenumber=4. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ^ "The 2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100". 2009-05-11. http://www.afterellen.com/people/2009/hot100?page=0%2C1. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
- ^ "The 2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100: Out Women". AfterEllen.com. 2009-04-25. http://www.afterellen.com/people/2009/outwomen. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ^ "Forty Under 40: Media". Advocate.com. http://www.advocate.com/issue_story_ektid82422.asp?page=5. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ^ "Past Years Winners: Media". Eliewieselfoundation.org. http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/ethicsprizewinners.aspx. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
- ^ "Television Critics Association Announces 2009 Award Nominees". tvcritics.org. http://tvcritics.org/television-critics-association-announces-2009-award-nominees/.
- ^ Ram, Archana (2010-03-14). "'Brothers and Sisters' and 'Parks and Recreation' among winners at GLAAD Media Awards". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc.. http://news-briefs.ew.com/2010/03/14/glaad-awards-brothers-sisters-parks-recreation/. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ^ "Smith College: Smith Tradition". Smith.edu. http://www.smith.edu/collegerelations/honorary.php. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
- ^ "Rachel Maddow, Glamour Magazine, and the AJC's Cynthia Tucker Among Planned Parenthood’s 2010 Maggie Award Winners". Planned Parenthood. 2010-07-16. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/rachel-maddow-glamour-magazine-ajcs-cynthia-tucker-among-planned-parenthoods-2010-maggie-award-33161.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
- ^ a b "Rachel Maddow Wins Walter Cronkite Faith & Freedom Award". Media Bistro. http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/msnbc/rachel_maddow_wins_walter_cronkite_faith_freedom_award__170954.asp. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ Over-Rated Thinkers, The New Republic, November 3, 2011.
- ^ http://as.sjsu.edu/steinbeck/index.jsp
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rachel Maddow |
- Rachel Maddow on Twitter
- Official website
- Profile and show at MSNBC
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Rachel Maddow on Charlie Rose
- Rachel Maddow at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Rachel Maddow in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Maddow, Rachel |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Political commentator |
| Date of birth | 1973-04-01 |
| Place of birth | Castro Valley, California, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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For other people named William Richardson, see William Richardson (disambiguation).
| Bill Richardson | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Richardson at an event in Kensington, New Hampshire, March 18, 2006 | |
| 30th Governor of New Mexico | |
| In office January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011 |
|
| Lieutenant | Diane Denish |
| Preceded by | Gary Johnson |
| Succeeded by | Susana Martinez |
| 9th United States Secretary of Energy | |
| In office August 18, 1998 – January 20, 2001 |
|
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Federico Peña |
| Succeeded by | Spencer Abraham |
| 21st United States Ambassador to the United Nations | |
| In office February 13, 1997 – August 18, 1998 |
|
| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Madeleine Albright |
| Succeeded by | Richard Holbrooke |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico's 3rd district |
|
| In office January 3, 1983 – February 13, 1997 |
|
| Preceded by | District Created |
| Succeeded by | William Redmond |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Blaine Richardson III (1947-11-15) November 15, 1947 (age 64) Pasadena, California |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Spouse(s) | Barbara Richardson |
| Alma mater | Tufts University |
| Profession | Diplomat Business consultant |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is an American politician, who served as the 30th Governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. Before being elected governor, Richardson served in the Clinton administration as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Energy Secretary. Richardson has also served as a U.S. Congressman, chairman of the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and chairman of the Democratic Governors Association. On December 3, 2008, then-President-elect Barack Obama designated Richardson for appointment to the cabinet-level position of Commerce Secretary.[1] On January 4, 2009, Richardson announced his decision to withdraw his nomination because of an investigation into possibly improper business dealings in New Mexico.[2][3][4] In August 2009, federal prosecutors dropped the pending investigation against the governor, and there was speculation in the media regarding Richardson's career, as his second and final term as New Mexico governor concluded.[5]
Contents
|
Early life and education[link]
Bill Richardson was born in Pasadena, California.[6][7] His father, William Blaine Richardson, Jr. (died in 1972), who was of half Anglo-American and half Mexican descent, was an American Citibank executive[6][7] who grew up in Boston, Massachusetts[6] and lived and worked in Mexico City.[7] His mother, María Luisa López-Collada Márquez[7] is the Mexican daughter of a Spanish father from Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain and a Mexican mother[6][8][9][10] and was his father's secretary.[7][9] Richardson's father was born in Nicaragua.[7] Just before Richardson was born, his father sent his mother to California to give birth because, as Richardson explained, "My father had a complex about not having been born in the United States."[7] Richardson, a U.S. citizen by birthright, was raised during his childhood in Mexico City.[7][9] He was raised Roman Catholic.[11] When Richardson was 13, his parents sent him to Massachusetts to attend a preparatory school, Middlesex School in Concord, Massachusetts, where he played baseball as a pitcher.[7] He entered Tufts University[6][12] in 1966 where he continued to play baseball.[13]
Richardson's original biographies stated he had been drafted by the Kansas City Athletics and the Chicago Cubs to play professional baseball, but a 2005 Albuquerque Journal investigation revealed that he never was on any official draft. Richardson acknowledged the error which he claimed was unintentional, saying that he had been scouted by several teams and told that he "would or could" be drafted, but was mistaken in saying that he was actually drafted.[14]
In 1967, he pitched in the amateur Cape Cod Baseball League for the Cotuit Kettleers in Cotuit, Massachusetts. A Kettleers program included the words "Drafted by K.C." The information which, according to the investigation, was generally provided by the players or their college coaches. Richardson said:
| “ | When I saw that program in 1967, I was convinced I was drafted...And it stayed with me all these years.[15] | ” |
He earned a Bachelor's degree at Tufts University in 1970, majoring in French and political science and became a president and brother of Delta Tau Delta fraternity. He went on to earn a master's degree in international affairs from Tufts University Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1971. While still in high school, he met his future wife, Barbara Flavin.
Early political career[link]
After college, Richardson worked for Republican Congressman F. Bradford Morse from Massachusetts. He was later a staff member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Richardson worked on congressional relations for the Henry Kissinger State Department during the Nixon Administration.
U.S. Representative[link]
File:Congressman Bill Richardson.jpg
Bill Richardson as a congressman
In 1978, Richardson moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico and ran for the House of Representatives in 1980 as a Democrat, losing narrowly to longtime 1st District representative and future United States Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan (R). Two years later, Richardson was elected to New Mexico's newly created third district, taking in most of the northern part of the state. Richardson spent a little more than 14 years in Congress, during which time he represented the country's most diverse district and held 2,000 town meetings.[9]
Richardson served as Chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus in the 98th Congress (1983–1985) and as Chairman of the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Native American Affairs in the 103rd Congress (1993–1994). While in the House, Richardson sponsored bills, including the American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments, the Indian Dams Safety Act, the Tribal Self-Governance Act, and the Jicarilla Apache Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act.
He became a member of the Democratic leadership as a deputy majority whip, where he befriended Bill Clinton after they worked closely on several issues, including serving as the ranking House Democrat in favor of NAFTA's passage in 1993,[9] Clinton in turn sent Richardson on various foreign policy missions, including a trip in 1996 in which Richardson traveled to Baghdad with Peter Bourne and engaged in lengthy one-on-one negotiations with Saddam Hussein to secure the release of two American aerospace workers who had been captured by the Iraqis after wandering over the Kuwaiti border. Richardson also visited Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba, Peru, India, North Korea, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Sudan to represent U.S. interests and met with Slobodan Milosevic.[9] In 1996, he played a major role in securing the release of American Evan Hunziker from North Korean custody[16] and for securing a pardon for Eliadah McCord, an American convicted and imprisoned in Bangladesh.[17] Due to these missions, Richardson was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize three times.[9]
Ambassador to the United Nations[link]
As U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations between 1997 and 1998, Richardson flew to Afghanistan and met with the Taliban and with Abdul Rachid Dostum, an Uzbek warlord, but the ceasefire he believed he had negotiated with the help of Bruce Riedel of the National Security Council failed to hold.[18]
U.S. Secretary of Energy[link]
The Senate confirmed Richardson to be Clinton's Secretary of Energy on July 31, 1998. His tenure at the Department of Energy was marred by the Wen Ho Lee nuclear espionage scandal. Richardson publicly named Lee, an employee at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, as a suspect who might have given nuclear secrets to the Chinese government. Lee was later cleared of espionage charges and won a settlement against the federal government for the accusation.[19] Richardson was also criticized by the Senate for his handling of the espionage inquiry, which involved missing hard drives with sensitive data, by not testifying in front of Congress sooner. Richardson justified his response by saying that he was waiting to uncover more information before speaking to Congress.[20] Republican Senators called for Richardson's resignation while both parties criticized his role in the incident, and the scandal ended Richardson's hope of being named as Al Gore's running mate for the 2000 presidential election.[9]
Richardson tightened security following the scandal, and became the first Energy Secretary to implement a plan to dispose of nuclear waste.[9] He created the Director for Native American Affairs position in the Department in 1998, and in January 2000 oversaw the largest return of federal lands, 84,000 acres (340 km²), to an Indian Tribe (the Northern Ute Tribe of Utah) in more than 100 years.[21] Richardson also directed the overhaul of the Department's consultation policy with Native American tribes and established the Tribal Energy Program.
Educational and corporate positions[link]
File:RichardsonAmb.jpg
Richardson as UN Ambassador
With the end of the Clinton administration in January 2001, Richardson took on a number of different positions. He was an adjunct professor at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government and a lecturer at the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West.[22] In 2000, Bill Richardson was awarded a United States Institute of Peace Senior Fellowship. He spent the next year researching and writing on the negotiations with North Korea and the energy dimensions of U.S. relations. In 2011, Richardson was named a senior fellow at the Baker Institute of Rice University.
Richardson also joined Kissinger McLarty Associates, a "strategic advisory firm" headed by former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and former Clinton White House chief of staff Mack McLarty, as Senior Managing Director.[23] From February 2001 to June 2002, he served on the board of directors of Peregrine Systems, Inc. He also served on the corporate boards of several energy companies, including Valero Energy Corporation and Diamond Offshore Drilling. He withdrew from these boards after being nominated by the Democratic Party for governor of New Mexico, but retained considerable stock holdings in Valero and Diamond Offshore.[24] He would later sell these stocks during his campaign for President in 2007, saying he was "getting questions" about the propriety of these holdings, especially given his past as energy secretary, and that it had become a distraction.[25]
Governor of New Mexico[link]
First term[link]
See also: New Mexico gubernatorial election, 2002
Richardson was elected governor of New Mexico in November 2002, having defeated the Republican candidate, John Sanchez, 56–39%. During the campaign, he set a Guinness World Record for most handshakes in eight hours by a politician, breaking Theodore Roosevelt's record.[26] He succeeded a two-term Republican governor, Gary Johnson. He took office in January 2003 as the only Hispanic Governor in the United States. In his first year, Richardson proposed "tax cuts to promote growth and investment" and passed a broad personal income tax cut and won a statewide special election to transfer money from the state's Permanent Fund to meet current expenses and projects. In early 2005, Richardson helped make New Mexico the first state in the nation to provide $400,000 in life insurance coverage for New Mexico National Guard members who serve on active duty. Thirty-five states have since followed suit.
Working with the legislature, he formed Governor Richardson's Investment Partnership (GRIP) in 2003. The partnership has been used to fund large-scale public infrastructure projects throughout New Mexico, including the use of highway fund to construct a brand new commuter rail line (the Rail Runner) that runs between Belen, Albuquerque, and Bernalillo. He supported a variety LGBT rights in his career as governor; he added sexual orientation and gender identity to New Mexico's list of civil rights categories. He however was opposed to same sex marriage and faced criticism for his use of an anti-gay slur on the Don Imus Show.[27] During the summer of 2003, he met with a delegation from North Korea at their request to discuss concerns over that country's nuclear weapons. At the request of the White House, he also flew to North Korea in 2005, and met with another North Korean delegation in 2006. On December 7, 2006, Richardson was named as the Special Envoy for Hemispheric Affairs for the Secretary General of the Organization of American States with the mandate to "promote dialogue on issues of importance to the region, such as immigration and free trade."[28]
In 2003, Richardson backed and signed legislation creating a permit system for New Mexicans to carry concealed handguns. He applied for and received a concealed weapons permit, though by his own admission he seldom carries a gun.[29]
As Richardson discussed frequently during his 2008 run for President, he supported a controversial New Mexico law allowing illegal immigrants to obtain driver's licenses for reasons of public safety. He said that because of the program, traffic fatalities had gone down, and the percentage of uninsured drivers decreased 33% to 11%.[30]
He was named Chairman of the Democratic Governors Association in 2004 and announced a desire to increase the role of Democratic governors in deciding the future of their party.
In December 2005, Richardson announced the intention of New Mexico to collaborate with billionaire Richard Branson to bring space tourism to the proposed Spaceport America located near Las Cruces, New Mexico. In 2006, Forbes credited Richardson's reforms in naming Albuquerque, New Mexico the best city in the U.S. for business and careers. The Cato Institute, meanwhile, has consistently rated Richardson as one of the most fiscally responsible Democratic governors in the nation.
In March 2006, Richardson vetoed legislation that would ban the use of eminent domain to transfer property to private developers, as allowed by the Supreme Court's 2005 decision in Kelo v. City of New London.[31] He promised to work with the legislature to draft new legislation addressing the issue in the 2007 legislative session.
On September 7, 2006, Richardson flew to Sudan to meet Sudanese President Omar Al-Bashir and successfully negotiated the release of imprisoned journalist Paul Salopek. The Sudanese had charged Salopek with espionage on August 26, 2006, while on a National Geographic assignment. In January 2007, at the request of the Save Darfur Coalition, he brokered a 60-day cease-fire between al-Bashir and leaders of several rebel factions in Darfur, the western Sudanese region. The cease-fire never became effective, however, with allegations of breaches on all sides.[32]
Second term[link]
See also: New Mexico gubernatorial election, 2006
Richardson won his second term as Governor of New Mexico on November 7, 2006, 68–32% against former New Mexico Republican Party Chairman John Dendahl. Richardson received the highest percentage of votes in any gubernatorial election in the state's history.[33]
In December 2006, Richardson announced that he would support a ban on cockfighting in New Mexico.[34] On March 12, 2007, Richardson signed into law a bill that banned cockfighting in New Mexico. Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands are now the only parts of the United States where cockfighting is legal.[35]
During New Mexico's 2007 legislative session, Richardson signed a bill into law that made New Mexico the 12th state to legalize marijuana for medical reasons. When asked if this would hurt him in a Presidential election, he stated that it did not matter, as it was "the right thing to do."[36]
During 2008 and 2009, Richardson faced "possible legal issues" while a federal grand jury investigated pay-to-play allegations in the awarding of a lucrative state contract to a company that gave campaign contributions to Richardson's political action committee, Moving America Forward.[37][38][39] The company in question, CDR, was alleged to have funneled more than $100,000 in donations to Richardson's PAC in exchange for state construction projects.[40] Richardson said when he withdraw his Commerce Secretary nomination that he was innocent; his popularity then slipped below 50% in his home state.[40] In August 2009, federal prosecutors dropped the pending investigation against the governor, and there has been speculation in the media about Richardson's career after his second term as New Mexico governor concludes.[5]
On March 18, 2009, Governor Richardson's office confirmed that he had signed a bill repealing the death penalty,[41] making New Mexico the second U.S. state (after New Jersey) to repeal the death penalty by legislative means since the 1960s. Richardson was subsequently honored with the 2009 Human Rights Award by Death Penalty Focus.[citation needed]
In its April 2010 report, ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Richardson one of 11 worst governors in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Richardson's term as governor.[42][43][44] The group accused Richardson of allowing political allies to benefit from firms connected to state investments, rewarding close associates with state positions or benefits (including providing a longtime friend and political supporter with a costly state contract), and allowing pay-to-play activity in his administration. They also opined that he fell short on efforts to make state government more transparent.[45]
In December 2010, while still serving as governor, Richardson returned to North Korea in an unofficial capacity at the invitation of the North's chief nuclear negotiator Kim Kye Gwan. Upon arriving in Pyongyang on December 16, Richardson told reporters that his "objective is to see if we can reduce the tension on the Korean peninsula, that is my objective. I am going to have a whole series of talks with North Korean officials here and I look forward to my discussions," he said.[46] On December 19, Richardson said his talks with North Korean officials made "some progress" in trying to resolve what he calls a "very tense" situation. Speaking from Pyongyang, Richardson told U.S. television network CNN that a North Korean general he met was receptive to his proposal for setting up a hotline between North and South Korean forces, and also was open to his idea for a military commission to monitor disputes in and around the Yellow Sea.[47]
After his return from North Korea, Richardson tackled the weighty issue of a pardon for William H. Bonney, aka Billy the Kid, for killing Sheriff William J. Brady of Lincoln County, New Mexico some 130 years ago. Following up on the promise of a pardon at the time by then-territorial governor Lew Wallace, Richardson said he could not pardon Bonney posthumously because he did not want to second-guess his predecessor's decision. "It was a very close call," Richardson said. "The romanticism appealed to me to issue a pardon, but the facts and the evidence did not support it."[48]
Richardson's second term in office ended in 2011 and he was term-limited from further terms as governor.[49]
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Bill Richardson presidential campaign, 2008
Richardson was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the 2008 presidential election but dropped out on January 10, 2008 after lackluster showings in the first primary and caucus contests. Despite his long history and friendship with the Clinton family, Richardson endorsed Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination on March 21, 2008, instead of Hillary Clinton.[50] Commentator and Clinton ally James Carville famously compared Richardson to Judas Iscariot for the move.[51] Richardson responded in a Washington Post article, feeling "compelled to defend [himself] against character assassination and baseless allegations."[52]
Richardson was a rumored Vice Presidential candidate for Senator and Democratic presumptive nominee Barack Obama and was fully vetted by the Obama campaign,[53] before Obama chose Joe Biden on August 23, 2008.[54]
Secretary of Commerce nomination[link]
-
See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet
Following Barack Obama's victory in the 2008 presidential election, Richardson's name was frequently mentioned as a possible Cabinet appointment in the incoming Obama administration. Most of this speculation surrounded the position of Secretary of State, given Richardson's background as a diplomat.[55] Richardson did not publicly comment on the speculation.[56]
It was widely reported, and eventually officially announced, that Hillary Clinton was Obama's nominee for Secretary of State. Around this time, it was reported that Richardson was being strongly considered for the position of Commerce Secretary. On December 3, 2008, Obama tapped Richardson for the post.[57]
On January 4, 2009, Richardson withdrew his name as Commerce Secretary nominee because of the federal grand jury investigation into pay-to-play allegations.[58] The New York Times had reported in late December that the grand jury investigation issue would be raised at Richardson's confirmation hearings.[38] Later, in August 2009, Justice Department officials decided not to seek indictments.[59]
Post-gubernatorial career[link]
In 2011, Richardson joined the boards of APCO Worldwide company Global Political Strategies as chairman,[60] the World Resources Institute,[61] the National Council for Science and the Environment, [62] the National Institute for Civil Discourse at the University of Arizona,[63] and Abengoa (international advisory board).[64] He was also appointed as a special envoy for the Organization of American States.[65]
Publications[link]
Richardson is credited with having written two books:
- Between Worlds: The Making of an American Life, an autobiography, published March 2007 - Ghost Writer, Mike Ruby, former co-editor of U.S. News & World Report, Missouri School of Journalism alumnus.
- Leading by Example: How We Can Inspire an Energy and Security Revolution, released October 2007
Articles:
- Universal Transparency: A Goal for the U.S. at the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit, published January 2011, Arms Control Today -Bill Richardson with Gay Dillingham, Charles Streeper, and Arjun Makhijani
- Sweeping Up Dirty Bombs, published Fall 2011, Federation of American Scientists -Bill Richardson, Charles Streeper, and Margarita Sevcik
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Crowley, Candy; Ed Hornick; Kristi Keck; Paul Steinhauser (2008-12-03). "Obama nominates Richardson for Cabinet". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/03/transition.wrap/index.html. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ "Richardson withdraws as Commerce nominee". msnbc.msn.com. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28493919/.
- ^ "Bill Richardson bows out of commerce secretary job". CNN.com. January 5, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/01/04/richardson.withdrawal/index.html.
- ^ "Bill Richardson Withdraws as Commerce Secretary-Designate". Foxnews.com. January 4, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/01/04/report-richardson-drops-bid-commerce-secretary/.
- ^ a b McKinley, James (2009-09-11). "Gov. Richardson’s Future Is Again Talk of Santa Fe". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/12/us/politics/12santafe.html. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ a b c d e "Obama Taps Bill Richardson For Commerce". CBS News. 2008-12-02. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/12/02/politics/main4643765.shtml?source=RSSattr=HOME_4643765. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Joel Achenbach (2007-05-27). "The Pro-Familia Candidate". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/20/AR2007052001407.html?hpid=topnews. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
- ^ "The Ancestry of Bill Richardson". http://www.wargs.com/political/richardson.html.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Plotz, David (June 23, 2000). "Energy Secretary Bill Richardson". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/84864/. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ "Illinois Governor Blagojevich Busted on Corruption Charges; Bailout for Detroit; Border Drug Wars". Lou Dobbs Tonight (CNN.com). 2008-12-09. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0812/09/ldt.01.html. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ Fairchild, Mary. "Presidential Candidate Bill Richardson". About.com. http://christianity.about.com/od/religionpolitics/p/richardsonfaith.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-22. "I feel that through my Roman Catholic beliefs..."
- ^ "Tufts Alum Chosen to join the Obama cabinet". dca.tufts.edu. December 4, 2008. http://blogs.uit.tufts.edu/digitalcollectionsandarchives/. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ "Bill Richardson, Tufts baseball player, ca. 1969". dca.tufts.edu. December 4, 2008. http://dl.tufts.edu/view_image.jsp?urn=tufts:central:dca:UA046:UA046.003.DO.04388. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ "Richardson backs off baseball claim". Associated Press. 2005-11-25. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/24/AR2005112400739.html. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
- ^ "Four decades later, Richardson acknowledges he wasn't drafted by pro baseball team". Associated Press. November 24, 2005. http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/35485.html.
- ^ Egan, Timothy (1996-12-19). "Man Once Held as a Spy In North Korea Is a Suicide". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/19/us/man-once-held-as-a-spy-in-north-korea-is-a-suicide.html. Retrieved 2009-06-08
- ^ Press, Associated (1996-07-31). "Houston woman freed from Bangladesh prison — she served 4 years on heroin smuggling conviction.". The Dallas Morning News. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3D6BE428CCE0E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2009-08-16
- ^ Dexter Filkins, The Forever War (New York: Vintage Books/Random House, 2009; orig. ed. 2008), pp. 35-37.
- ^ Mears, Bill (May 22, 2006). "Deal in Wen Ho Lee case may be imminent". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/05/22/scotus.wenholee/. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ Christopher McCaleb, Ian (June 21, 2000). "Richardson says FBI has determined drives did not leave Los Alamos". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/06/21/los.alamos/index.html.
- ^ "CNN staffs and wire reports - U.S. land transfer to Utah tribe would be largest in 100 years". CNN. January 14, 2000. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/US/01/14/indian.lands/. [dead link]
- ^ Nedra Pickler (May 22, 2007). "Richardson declares presidential campaign". The Denver Post. http://www.denverpost.com/politics/ci_5950108.
- ^ "Fundación Consejo España-EEUU Bio" (in Spanish). http://www.consespain-usa.org/intro/biografias/ing/24.html.
- ^ Nat Worden (June 11, 2007). "Big Oil Ties Could Muck Up Richardson's Bid". TheStreet.com. http://www.thestreet.com/_yahoo/markets/marketfeatures/10361638.html.
- ^ Associated Press "Bill Richardson Sells Stock in Valero Energy Corp. Amid Questions". Fox News. June 1, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,277154,00.html.
- ^ Mears, Bill (September 16, 2002). "A Whole Lotta Shaking". Tufts University. http://enews.tufts.edu/stories/1042/2002/09/16/WholeLottaShaking/. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ Karen Ocamb, and Chris Crain (07/10/2007). "Richardson sorry for 'maricón' moment". http://www.gaynewswatch.com/Page.cfm?PageID=22&SID=1842.
- ^ "Press Releases". http://oas.org/OASpage/press_releases/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-271/06.
- ^ "Richardson stands out as pro-gun Democrat". Concord Monitor. 2008. http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071126/FRONTPAGE/711260306.
- ^ "Bill Richardson on Immigration". ontheissues.org. November 15, 2007. http://www.ontheissues.org/Cabinet/Bill_Richardson_Immigration.htm.
- ^ "Governor vetoes eminent domain legislation". The Santa Fe New Mexican. March 8, 2006. http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/40445.html. [dead link]
- ^ Polgreen, Lydia (January 11, 2007.). "U.S. Governor Brokers Truce For Darfur". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/11/world/africa/11darfur.html?th&emc=th.
- ^ "Council Members: Governor Bill Richardson". New Mexico State Investment Council. See also New Mexico gubernatorial election, 2006. http://www.sic.state.nm.us/governor.htm.
- ^ "Governor will support a ban on cockfighting". The Santa Fe New Mexican. December 27, 2006. http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/54348.html.
- ^ "Cockfighting outlawed". KRQE News. 13, March 12, 2007. http://www.krqe.com/expanded.asp?ID=20364.
- ^ Blumenthal, Ralph (5 April 2007). "New Mexico Bars Drug Charge When Overdose Is Reported". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/05/us/05drugs.html?fta=y. Retrieved 24 November 2010. "The governor lobbied strongly for the medical marijuana bill, which he said could hurt his presidential prospects but was "the right thing to do.""
- ^ Cabinet choices touch off scramble in states. Associated Press. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i4ZY8n3LhsbDBiAEhk5tVfo3rBVwD959SV0G0. Retrieved 2008-12-26
- ^ a b Frosch, Dan; McKinley Jr, James C. (December 19, 2008). Political Donor’s Contracts Under Inquiry in New Mexico. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/us/politics/19richardson.html?_r=1. Retrieved 2008-12-26
- ^ Grand Jury Probes Richardson Donor’s New Mexico Financing Fee. Bloomberg News. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aL0GGUluJeT8&refer=worldwide. Retrieved 2008-12-26
- ^ a b Bill Richardson tarnished by scandal. Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0209/18741.html. Retrieved 2009-02-12
- ^ Baker, Deborah (March 18, 2009). "US governor signs measure to abolish death penalty". The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2008883826_apusdeathpenalty.html.
- ^ "America's Worst Governors". 1400 Eye Street NW • Suite 450 • Washington, DC 20005: Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. 21 April 2010. http://www.citizensforethics.org/worstgovernors#Richardson. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ Vogel, Ed (2010-04-21). "Gibbons named on list of worst governors". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.lvrj.com/news/gibbons-named-on-list-of-worst-governors-91723774.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Scandals Land Gibbons On 'Worst Governors' List". KVVU-TV (Fox 5, Las Vegas). 2010-04-21. http://www.fox5vegas.com/news/23220458/detail.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Crew's Worst Governors". Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. http://www.citizensforethics.org/worstgovernors#Gibbons. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "US governor visits North Korea". aljazeera.net. 2010-12-16. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/12/201012162339644529.html. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
- ^ "UN Security Council in Emergency Talks on Korean Tensions". Voice of America. 2010-12-19. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/UN-Security-Council-in-Emergency-Talks-on-Korean-Tensions-112153499.html. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
- ^ Gast, Phil (2010-12-31). "No pardon for Billy the Kid". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/12/31/new.mexico.billy/index.html?hpt=T2. Retrieved 12-31-2010.
- ^ Constitutional and statutory provisions for number of consecutive terms of elected state officials. National Governors Association. http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/BOS4-9.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-27
- ^ "Richardson: 'I am very loyal to the Clintons'". Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/03/23/richardson/index.html. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam (2008-03-22). "First a Tense Talk With Clinton, Then Richardson Backs Obama". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/22/us/politics/22richardson.html?_r=1&ei=5090&en=31393242dd61f808&ex=1363924800&oref=slogin&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ Bill Richardson (April 1, 2008). Loyalty to My Country. The WashingtonPost. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/01/AR2008040100885.html?hpid=opinionsbox1&hpid=topnews. Retrieved 2008-04-27
- ^ NYTimes story about vetting process. Accessed August 24, 2008.
- ^ CNN story about 20 possible veep nominees. Accessed August 21, 2008.
- ^ "Bill Richardson: Obama's Secretary Of State?". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/11/05/bill-richardson-obamas-se_n_141574.html. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ "Richardson mum on job interview". Firstread.msnbc.msn.com. http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/11/05/1656896.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
- ^ "Obama to nominate Richardson for Cabinet - CNN.com". CNN. December 2, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/02/richardson.commerce/index.html. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
- ^ Richardson to withdraw as Commerce secretary. MSNBC, January 4, 2009. Accessed January 4, 2009
- ^ Herzenberg, Michael (26 August 2009). "No 'pay-to-play' indictment for Gov.". News 13. KRQE (Albuquerque, New Mexico: LIN TV Corporation). http://www.krqe.com/dpp/news/politics/politics_krqe_albuquerque_no_pay_to_play_indictment_for_richardson_200908262210. Retrieved 10 August 2011. "The U.S. Department of Justice has decided not to seek criminal indictments against Gov. Bill Richardson or former high-ranking members of his administration"
- ^ APCO Worldwide (2011). Former New Mexico Governor, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson joins APCO. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ World Resources Institute (2011). Former Governor Bill Richardson Joins WRI's Board of Directors. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ NCSE (2011). Former Governor Bill Richardson Elected to NCSE Board of Directors. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ National Institute for Civil Discourse (2011). Governor Bill Richardson. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ Abengoa (2011). Bill Richardson, former Governor of New Mexico, joins Abengoa’s International Advisory Board. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ Huffington Post (2011). Richardson named envoy for Org. of American States. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
Further sources[link]
- Brooke, James (December 14, 1996). "Traveling Troubleshooter Is Ready to Settle Down, at the U.N.: THE SECOND TERM: The New Lineup William Blaine Richardson". The New York Times, pp. 11.
- Rankin, Adam (July 10, 2005). "Richardson Named As Likely Source of Wen Ho Lee Leak". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved on 2007-03-01.
External links[link]
| Find more about Bill Richardson on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
- Biography at the National Governors Association
- Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| New district | Member of the House of Representatives from New Mexico's 3rd congressional district 1983–1997 |
Succeeded by William Redmond |
| Preceded by Robert García |
Chairperson of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus 1983–1985 |
Succeeded by Matthew Martinez |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Madeleine Albright |
Ambassador to the United Nations 1997–1998 |
Succeeded by Richard Holbrooke |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Federico Peña |
United States Secretary of Energy Served under: Bill Clinton 1998–2001 |
Succeeded by Spencer Abraham |
| Preceded by Gary Johnson |
Governor of New Mexico 2003–2011 |
Succeeded by Susana Martinez |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded by Bob Dole |
Theodore Roosevelt Award (NCAA) 1999 |
Succeeded by Roger Staubach |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Martin Chavez |
Democratic nominee for Governor of New Mexico 2002, 2006 |
Succeeded by Diane Denish |
| Preceded by Terry McAuliffe |
Permanent Chairperson of the Democratic National Convention 2004 |
Succeeded by Nancy Pelosi |
| Preceded by Tom Vilsack |
Chairperson of the Democratic Governors Association 2005–2006 |
Succeeded by Kathleen Sebelius |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Richardson, Bill |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | November 15, 1947 |
| Place of birth | Pasadena, California, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Cory Booker | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Booker at the 2011 Time 100 gala | |
| 36th Mayor of Newark | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office July 1, 2006 |
|
| Preceded by | Sharpe James |
| Central Ward Council Member of the Newark City Council | |
| In office 1998–2002 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Cory Anthony Booker (1969-04-27) April 27, 1969 (age 43) Washington, D.C. |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Alma mater | Yale Law School (J.D.) Oxford University (M.A.) Stanford University (M.A.) Stanford University (B.A.) |
| Profession | Mayor, attorney |
| Religion | Christian[1] |
| Website | corybooker.com |
Cory Anthony Booker (born April 27, 1969) is an American Democratic Party politician who has been serving as the 36th Mayor of Newark, New Jersey since 2006. He is the third African-American mayor of Newark, and was formerly a Newark City Councilman, and practicing attorney. He is a graduate of Stanford University, the University of Oxford (where he was a Rhodes Scholar), and Yale Law School.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Booker was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in the predominantly white, affluent town of Harrington Park, New Jersey, 20 miles north of Newark.[2] His parents, Cary Alfred and Carolyn Rose (Jordan) Booker, were among the first black executives at IBM.[2][3][4] In 2009, he told US News that he was raised in a religious household, and that he and his family attended a small, African Methodist Episcopal Church in New Jersey.[1] Booker graduated from Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan. He was named to the USA Today All-USA high school football team in 1986.[5]
He went on to Stanford University, receiving a B.A. in political science in 1991 and an M.A. in sociology the following year. While at Stanford, Booker played varsity football.[6] He also made the All–Pacific Ten Academic team[citation needed] and was elected senior class president.[7]. In addition, he ran The Bridge, a student-run crisis hotline and organized help for youth in East Palo Alto, from Stanford students.[8] After Stanford, he attended The Queen's College, Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship, earning an honours degree in U.S. history in 1994.[7] Booker received a J.D. in 1997 from Yale Law School, where he operated free legal clinics for low-income residents of New Haven. At Yale, he was a founding member of the Chai Society (now the Eliezer Society).[9] He was also a Big Brother and was active in the Black Law Students Association. Booker lived in Newark during his final year at Yale. After graduation, Booker served as Staff Attorney for the Urban Justice Center in New York and Program Coordinator of the Newark Youth Project.
Early political career[link]
In 1998, Booker won an upset victory for a seat on the Newark Municipal Council, beating four-term incumbent George Branch. To draw attention to the problems of open-air drug dealing and the associated violence, Booker went on a 10-day hunger strike, and lived in a tent and later in a motor home near drug dealing areas of the city.[10] He proposed Council initiatives that impacted housing, young people, law and order and the efficiency and transparency of City Hall, but was regularly outvoted 8–1. He also became an outspoken advocate of education reform.
2002 mayoral run[link]
In 2002, rather than run for re-election as Councilman, Booker decided to run for Mayor of Newark.[11] This pitted him against longtime mayor Sharpe James. In this campaign and the next, James' supporters questioned Booker's suburban background, calling him a carpetbagger who was "not black enough" to understand the city.[12] Booker was defeated 53%-47%.
Between mayoral campaigns (2003–2005)[link]
After concluding his service as Central Ward Councilman, Booker in 2002 founded Newark Now, a grassroots non-profit organization that connects Newarkers to useful resources and services in order to help transform their communities.[13] In addition, Booker also became a partner at the West Orange, law firm Booker, Rabinowitz, Trenk, Tully, Lubetkin, DiPasquale and Webster, and a senior fellow at Rutgers University's Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy.
2006 mayoral run[link]
Booker announced on February 11, 2006, that he would again run for mayor. Incumbent Mayor James then declined to seek a sixth term[14] and Deputy Mayor (and State Senator) Ronald Rice ran against Booker.[15] Booker's campaign outspent Rice's 25 to 1. Rice ran a campaign attacking Booker for raising over $6 million for the race; Booker attacked Rice as a "political crony" of James.[16][17] Booker won the nonpartisan election of May 9, 2006 with 72 percent of the vote, with his slate of City Council candidates, known as the "Booker Team," sweeping the Council elections, and giving Booker firm leadership of the city's government.
Before taking office as mayor, Booker sued the James administration seeking to terminate cut-rate land deals favoring two redevelopment agencies which were contributors to James' campaigns and which listed James as a member of their advisory boards. Booker argued that the state’s “pay-to-play” laws had been violated and that the land deals would cost the city more than $15 million in lost revenue. Specifically, Booker referenced a parcel on Broad and South streets that would generate only $87,000 under the proposed land deals yet was valued at $3.7 million under then-current market rates.[18] On June 20, 2006, Superior Court Judge Patricia Costello ruled in favor of Booker.[19] In late June 2006, before Booker took office, New Jersey investigators foiled a plot, led by Bloods gang leaders inside four New Jersey state prisons, to assassinate Booker. The motive for the plot was unclear, but was described variously as a response to the acrimonious campaign [20] and to Booker's campaign promises to take a harder line on crime.[21][22][23]
Mayor of Newark (2006–present)[link]
First term[link]
Booker assumed office as mayor of Newark on July 1, 2006, and is the third consecutive black person to govern the city since 1970.[24][25][26] After his first week in office, Booker announced a 100-day plan to implement reforms in Newark. Some of the proposed changes included: adding police officers, ending background checks for many city jobs (an effort to help former offenders find employment in the city), refurbishing police stations, improving city services, and expanding summer youth programs.[27][28]
On October 16, 2006, Booker formally introduced his administration's first adopted Newark City Budget. The approved $697.1 million budget resulted in an 8.3% increase in the city's property tax, which is one of the largest property tax increases in the city's history. The budget also increased the number of city employees from 3,968 to 4,197.[29][30] These increases were cited as necessary to fix the structural financial deficit and secure a solid foundation for Newark’s future. Booker pledged to not increase taxes the following year, a promise he kept – the City of Newark did not raise taxes for the following two years. His administration also reduced the size of government with a 2009 Budget proposal containing 3935 city employees. In addition, the City of Newark in 2008 and 2009 received the GFOA’s Distinguished Budget Presentation Award.[31][32]
One of the mayor's first priorities was to reduce the city's crime rate. Booker appointed Garry McCarthy, former Deputy Commissioner of Operations of the New York City Police Department, as the director of the Newark Police Department.[33] Public safety in Newark has been overhauled under Director McCarthy’s lead. A new Central Narcotics Division was created as well as a Fugitive Apprehension Unit, which has been responsible for the capture of 11 out of 12 Most Wanted Felons in Newark. In addition, major technological advances have been made to crime-fighting initiatives such as citywide camera and gunshot detection systems. Community-oriented and privately funded programs such as the Crime Stoppers and Gun Stoppers anonymous tip lines have made an important impact in crime prevention and apprehension of criminals in Newark. Crime reduction has been such a central concern to the Booker Administration that Booker, along with his security team, was known to personally patrol the streets of Newark until times as late as 4 a.m. early in his first term.[34]
Crime has dropped significantly in the city of Newark, which led the nation in violent crime reduction from 2006 to 2008. In those years, crime dropped by the following percentages: murders 36%, shooting incidents 41%, rapes 30%, and auto thefts 26%.[34] In 2008, Newark had its lowest murder rate since 1959.[34] Despite the success indicated by these statistics, as the global economic recession set in, robberies rose 27% in 2008 and another 10% through late June 2009.[34] As of July 2009, murders were down 42% overall, rapes down 41% overall and robberies down 12% from 2008.[35]
The month of March in 2010 marked Newark’s first murder-free month in over 44 years. As of April 1, 2010, the murder rate in Newark was the second best since 1941 and crime rates for aggravated assaults, robberies, carjacking, and shootings were also down for the first quarter compared to 2009.[36]
In addition to his crime-lowering initiatives, Booker has both doubled the amount of affordable housing under development and quadrupled the amount under predevelopment. Booker has slashed the city budget deficit from $180 million to $73 million.[citation needed]
Despite criticisms, Booker has also raised the salaries of many city workers.[34] However, the Booker Administration and the City of Newark imposed one-day-a-month furloughs for all non-uniformed employees from July through December 2010, as well as two-percent pay cuts for managers and directors currently earning more than $100,000 a year. Citing the reason for the pay cuts, Booker noted, “In 2006, we took over a city in financial crisis. We have made significant steps to address our financial future and decided that we would not balance the budget on the backs of our residents.” Booker has reduced his own salary twice since taking office, voluntarily reducing his salary by 8% early in his first year as mayor. None of Booker’s senior managers have received pay increases since taking office.[37]
Booker’s leadership has attracted approximately $100 million in private philanthropy to the City of Newark and a variety of nonprofits and public/private partnerships have been created and used to better the lives of Newark residents. In April 2008, the Newark Charter School Fund was established to provide grants in support of Newark’s charter schools to support a successful public school system in Newark.[38] The City of Newark also works with GreenSpaces, which has committed $40 million toward the largest park expansion initiative in over a century with a total of 21 park construction and rehabilitation projects scheduled for completion in every ward by the end of 2010.[39] To support the Newark Police Department, the Newark Police Foundation was established in 2006 and provides funding and other services to the Police Department which has had a significant impact on the NPD’s ability to pay for necessary resources that would otherwise not be readily funded through the department’s budget.[40]
In an effort to make government more accessible, Booker's administration has held regular open office hours during which city residents can meet personally with the Mayor to discuss their concerns.[41]
Booker is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[42] a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston mayor Thomas Menino and New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg. Booker was honored in October 2009 by the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence with the Sarah Brady Visionary Award for his work in reducing gun violence.[43]
He was among the finalists for the 2010 World Mayor prize, ultimately placing seventh.[44] He is a candidate for the 2012 prize.[45]
2010 re-election[link]
Booker drew three challengers in his bid for re-election in the May 11, 2010 election. He won re-election with 59% of the vote. He defeated former Essex County Prosecutor Clifford Minor (35%), Yvonne Garrett Moore (4%), and Mirna White (1%).[46]
Second term[link]
Booker made news when on December 28, 2010,[47] a constituent used Twitter to ask the mayor to send someone to her father's house to shovel his driveway because her father, who was 65 years old, was going to attempt to do it himself. Booker responded by tweeting; "I will do it myself; where does he live?" Other people volunteered, including one person who offered his help on Twitter, and 20 minutes later Booker and some volunteers showed up and shoveled the man's driveway.[48] In 2010, Samepoint released a study that measured the social media influence of mayors around the country, ranking Booker second Most Social Mayor behind San Francisco's Gavin Newsom.[49]
On April 12, 2012, Booker saved a woman from a house fire, suffering smoke inhalation and second degree burns on his hands in the process. Newark Fire Chief John Centanni said that Booker's actions possibly saved the woman's life.[50]
Other activities[link]
President Obama association[link]
In 2009, after Barack Obama became President of the United States, Booker was offered the chance to head the new White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy; Booker turned the offer down, citing a commitment to Newark.[34]
Booker generated controversy on May 12, 2012 when he appeared on Meet The Press as a surrogate for the re-election campaign of Barack Obama and made remarks which were critical of that campaign.[51]. Booker stated the attacks on Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney's record at Bain Capital were "nauseating to me on both sides. It's nauseating to the American public. Enough is enough. Stop attacking private equity. Stop attacking Jeremiah Wright."[51] Some objected to Booker's remarks because Romney has made those claims about job creation at Bain central to his campaign. Others criticized Booker saying his comments were motivated by his closeness to and dependence on Wall Street donors. Bain Capital and employees at other Wall Street firms have contributed substantial sums of money to Booker's political campaigns and projects in Newark.[52] The comments were subsequently utilized by the Romney campaign against Obama.[53] Booker made followup comments clarifying that he now believed Obama's attacks on Romney's record at Bain were legitimate, but did not retract his point about attacking private equity in general. [54] Two weeks later, Booker's communications director Anne Torres tended her resignation, although she maintained it was unrelated to Meet the Press.[55]
Affiliations and honors[link]
Booker sits on the board of advisers of the political action committee Democrats for Education Reform.[56]
Booker is currently a member of the Board of Trustees at Teachers College, Columbia University, and was formerly a member of the Executive Committee at Yale Law School and the Board of Trustees at Stanford University.
In the third year of his first term (May 2009), Booker received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (honoris causa) degree from the Newark-based New Jersey Institute of Technology for 'his outstanding career in public service as mayor of the City of Newark'.[57] In the same year, Booker also received an honorary doctorate from Brandeis University, and was a commencement speaker that year as well.[58] That summer, Booker spoke at Jersey Boys' State and has been a guest to subsequent Boys' State functions.[59] He also received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (honoris causa) degree in December 2010 from New York-based Yeshiva University for 'his bold vision for Newark and setting a national standard for urban transformation'.[60] Mayor Booker received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in June 2011 from Williams College in Massachusetts for the urban transformation of New Jersey's largest city, Newark. He was also the 2011 Williams College Commencement speaker.[61] In May 2012, he received the "Doctor of Laws" degree from Bard College and gave the commencement speech at the graduation.
In 2010, Booker delivered the commencement addresses at Pitzer College in Claremont, California on May 15, Columbia University's Teachers College in New York City on May 17, and Suffolk University Law School a week later in Boston on May 23, 2010. He gave the commencement address to New York Law School graduates on May 13, 2011 at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center.
Films[link]
Booker's 2002 Mayoral campaign, which he lost, was chronicled by filmmaker Marshall Curry in his documentary Street Fight. The film was nominated for the 2005 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Since 2009, Booker has starred in the documentary series Brick City, which airs on the Sundance Channel. Season 2 of the series is currently airing. The series focuses on Booker and his efforts to reduce crime in Newark and bring economic renewal to a city that has been blighted by drugs, gangs and unemployment for years. Brick City has won a Peabody Award, and has been nominated for a 2010 Primetime Emmy.
Booker also contributes to the 2011 documentary Miss Representation and comments on the representations of women in politics within mass media.
Booker was in Restaurant Impossible.
Mark Zuckerberg donation[link]
Booker attended a dinner at a conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, in July 2010 where he was seated with Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. Zuckerberg, who had no known ties to Newark, announced in September 2010 that he was donating $100 million of his personal fortune to the Newark school system. According to an article in the New York Times, Booker and Zuckerberg had continued their conversation about Booker's plans for Newark. The initial gift was made to start a foundation for education. The gift was formally announced when Booker, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, and Zuckerberg appeared together on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Oprah Winfrey also has been a supporter of Booker and reportedly has given millions to Newark schools and organizations.
The timing of Zuckerberg's donation was questioned by some as a move for damage control to his image, as it was announced on the opening day of the movie The Social Network, a film that painted an unflattering portrait of Zuckerberg. On her show, however, Winfrey told the audience that Zuckerberg and Booker had been in talks for months and had actually planned the announcement for the previous month, and additionally, she and Booker had to force Zuckerberg to put his name to the donation, which he had wanted to do anonymously.[62]
Feud with Conan O'Brien[link]
In the fall of 2009, Tonight Show host Conan O'Brien engaged in a satirical on-air and YouTube feud with Booker, with O'Brien jokingly insulting the city of Newark and Booker responding that he would ban O'Brien from the airport. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for the feud to end during a prepared comedy bit, telling Booker to chalk it up to O'Brien's head injury suffered less than two weeks earlier.[63] Booker then appeared on O'Brien's show and assured viewers that the feud was over and that he was actually a big fan of O'Brien. O'Brien agreed that every time he made a joke about Newark, he would donate $500 to the City of Newark and also made a $50,000 donation to the Newark Now charity, which was matched by NBC Universal.
Personal life[link]
One of Booker's maternal great-grandfathers was Caucasian, and Booker also has African-American and Native American ancestry.[4][64][65]
He works out, has been a vegetarian (for health and environmental reasons) since his days at Oxford, is uninterested in accumulating "stuff," and "has no known vices or addictions" other than books.[66]
From 1998 to 2006, he lived in Brick Towers, a troubled housing complex in Newark's Central Ward. Booker organized tenants to fight for improved conditions. In November 2006, as one of the last remaining tenants in Brick Towers, Booker left his apartment for the top unit in a three-story rental on Hawthorne Avenue in Newark's South Ward, an area described as "a drug-and gang-plagued neighborhood of boarded-up houses and empty lots."[67] Brick Towers has since been demolished and a new mixed-income development was built there in 2010.[68]
See also[link]
- List of mayors of Newark, New Jersey
- Brick City (TV series) - a documentary series on his term as mayor
References[link]
- ^ a b Dan Gilgoff.Newark Mayor Cory Booker's Course on World Religions , US News August 7, 2009, retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ a b Cory Anthony Booker: On a Path That Could Have No Limits The New York Times, May 10, 2006
- ^ "Helping Celebrities Find Their Roots". NPR. March 23, 2012. http://www.npr.org/2012/03/23/149222907/helping-celebrities-find-their-roots. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ a b Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, March 25, 2012
- ^ Home Is Where the Heart Is, Education Next, 2006 No. 4, accessed December 6, 2006.
- ^ "Stanford University career football statistics". Sports-Reference.com. http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/cory-booker-1.html.
- ^ a b {{cite web|last=Moller|first=Alexandra|title=Lyons Award honors service|publisher=Stanford Daily|date=February 28, 2001|url=http://archive.stanforddaily.com/?p=1000223
- ^ Alum Booker elected mayor of Newark, N.J. The Stanford Daily, June 8, 2006
- ^ Pitluk, Adam (March 26, 2011). "Yale's Secret Society That's Hiding in Plain Sight". Time.
- ^ Stevens, Andrew. "Cory Booker, Mayor of Newark, New Jersey". London: City Mayors Foundation. http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/newark-mayor.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ "The madness of Newark’s King James". Salon.com. http://dir.salon.com/story/news/col/huff/2002/04/30/newark/index.html.
- ^ Damien Cave, "In a Debate of Newark Mayoral Candidates, Some Agreement and a Lot of Discord" May 4, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ "About Us". Newark Now. http://www.newarknow.org/about.html. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ Sharpe Drops Out: James cites only his position against holding dual offices NJ.com / Star-Ledger, March 28, 2006
- ^ New York Times Metro Briefing - NEWARK: DEPUTY MAYOR ENTERS THE RACE The New York Times, March 6, 2006
- ^ Damien Cave, "On 2nd Try, Booker Glides In as Newark Mayor" May 10, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ Damien Cave, "Newark Feature: A New Political Era" May 10, 2006 The New York Times (Multimedia)
- ^ Cave, Damien (April 19, 2006). "Booker Says Newark Mayor Is 'Giving Away Our Land'". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/19/nyregion/19newark.htm. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ Katie Wang, "Booker wins fight on city land sales" June 21, 2006 The Star-Ledger
- ^ Richard G. Jones, "Threat to Newark's Mayor-Elect Leads to 24-Hour Police Guard" June 5, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ Richard G. Jones, "Threat to Newark's Mayor-Elect Leads to 24-Hour Police Guard" June 5, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ Jay Dow, "Newark P.D.: Bloods Threaten To Kill Booker" June 21, 2006 CBS News
- ^ Jay Dow, "Booker Stands Up To Jailhouse Death Threats" June 22, 2006 CBS News
- ^ Newark Elects Cory Booker First New Mayor in Two Decades in Landslide Victory, ABC News, May 9, 2006
- ^ Damien Cave "Pledging to Revive Newark, a New Mayor Goes to Work" July 2, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ David Segal, "Urban Legend How Cory Booker Became Newark's Mayor: By Being Almost Too Good to Be True" July 3, 2006 The Washington Post
- ^ Ronald Smothers, "Booker Has 100-Day Plan for Newark’s Reorganization" July 11, 2006 The New York Times
- ^ Jay Dow, "Booker Unveils '100-Day Plan' To Battle Crime" July 10, 2006 CBS
- ^ "Mayor Booker Unveils Newark Budget" Press Release
- ^ Katie Wang, "City council to review budget with 8% hike" August 23, 2006 The Star-Ledger
- ^ http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/userimages/downloads/Budget_I_Budget_Introduction.pdf
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f Gregory, Sean (2009-07-27). "Cory Booker is (Still) Optimistic That he can Save Newark" (Magazine). New York: Time Inc.. pp. 36–40. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1910983,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-19. Note:When sourcing this article, the print edition was used. The exact same text from the web version however is used for the URL. The print version has a different title than the web version, Why Cory Booker Likes Being Mayor of Newark Strangely, both versions state that the article was published on the 27th, while the article itself was accessed on the 19th?
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ "Newark marks its first murder-free month in 44 years". USA Today. April 1, 2010. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/04/newark-marks-its-first-murder-free-month-in-44-years/1. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Home". Newark Charter School Fund. http://ncsfund.org/. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ Kraat, Betsy (August 20, 2009). "Newly Renovated West End Park Opens Today in Newark". New Jersey & Company. http://www.njand.com/news/green.php/2009/08/20/newly_renovated_west_end_park_opens_toda. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ http://newarkpolicefoundation.org
- ^ Andrew Jacobs, "Access to Mayor Doesn’t Solve All Problems" March 8, 2007 The New York Times
- ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml.
- ^ "Brady Center: Stand Up for a Safe America Gala, NYC". http://www.bradycenter.org/donate/events/nyc.
- ^ "World Mayor: The 2010 results". http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2010/world-mayor-2010-results.html. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ "World Mayor longlist of candidates for the 2012 Prize". http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2012/longlist-2012.html. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
- ^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=625135
- ^ http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2039945,00.html
- ^ "Mayor digs in after Twitter appeal". CNN. Jan 3, 2010. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/03/mayor-digs-in-after-twitter-appeal. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ^ "Samepoint Ranks America's Most Social Mayors; San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Tops the List" (Press release). Samepoint, LLC. Feb 18, 2010. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/samepoint-ranks-americas-most-social-mayors-san-francisco-mayor-gavin-newsom-tops-the-list-84687942.html. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
- ^ Newark Mayor Cory Booker taken to hospital after rescuing woman from house fire
- ^ a b Hernandez, Raymond (May 20, 2012). "Surrogate for Obama Denounces Anti-Romney Ad". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/21/us/politics/cory-a-booker-criticizes-obamas-bain-ad.html?_r=1. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ Bain and Financial Industry Gave Over $565,000 To Newark Mayor Cory Booker For 2002 Campaign. thinkprogress.org. May 21, 2012
- ^ Condon, Stephanie (May 21, 2012). "Cory Booker's criticisms complicate Obama team's anti-Bain message". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57438195-503544/cory-bookers-criticisms-complicate-obama-teams-anti-bain-message/. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ http://www.salon.com/2012/05/22/booker%E2%80%99s_maddeningly_slippery_interview/
- ^ Giambusso, David (May 29, 2012). "Newark City Hall communications director resigns in wake of Booker's 'Meet the Press' appearance". The Star-Ledger. nj.com. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/newark_communications_director.html. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- ^ "Democrats for Education Reform - About Us". http://www.dfer.org/about/. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
- ^ "2009 Commencement Honoree: Mayor Cory A. Booker". New Jersey Institute of Technology. http://commencement.njit.edu/2009/cory-booker.php. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ "Cory Booker urges graduates to use their love to change the world". BrandeisNOW. May 17, 2009. http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2009/may/bookercommencement.html. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ http://www.aljbs.org/pdf/ALJBS_Press_Release_2009.pdf
- ^ "'Newark Mayor Cory Booker will be the keynote speaker at Yeshiva University’s Hanukkah Dinner and Convocation on Dec. 12'". Yeshiva University. November 8, 2010. http://blogs.yu.edu/news/2010/11/08/86th-annual-hanukkah-dinner-and-convocation/#more-1043. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ "'Cory Booker Williams College Commencement 2011'". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/user/WilliamsCollege#p/a/69DE991931B0D47D/0/4vA2dTrqxnk. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ http://gawker.com/#!5647434/zuckerberg-on-oprah-my-100-million-donation-is-about-kids-not-the-social-network
- ^ Tonight Show With Conan O'Brien, October 5th-9th, 2009, NBC
- ^ Ofori-Atta, Akoto (March 23, 2012). "The Surprise in Cory Booker's Family Tree". The Root. http://www.theroot.com/views/surprise-cory-bookers-family-tree. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ Jurgensen, John (March 22, 2012). "Doubling Down on DNA". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577297502843483454.html. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ^ Kaylin, Lucy (September 2010). "'Is Cory Booker the Greatest Mayor in America?2'". O, The Oprah Magazine. http://www.oprah.com/world/Newark-Mayor-Cory-Booker-Profile/1. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ^ Mayor moves to tough Newark area, Janet Frankston Lorin, November 24, 2006, Philadelphia Inquirer
- ^ Mays, Jeffery C. (July 20, 2008). "Razed Brick Towers no longer is a symbol of poverty". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/newark/index.ssf/2008/07/razed_brick_towers_no_longer_i.html. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
External links[link]
- Cory Booker Official Campaign Site
- Mayor Booker City of Newark Biography
- Newark Now website
- PBS series P.O.V. web site for Street Fight
- City of Newark, NJ - Contact Information
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sharpe James |
Mayor of Newark July 1, 2006–present |
Incumbent |
|
|||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Booker, Cory |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Mayor of Newark, New Jersey |
| Date of birth | April 27, 1969 |
| Place of birth | Washington, D.C. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Cory_Booker
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Cory Booker
http://nl.wn.com/Cory Booker
http://it.wn.com/Cory Booker
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
