Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film produced by Tim Burton and directed by Joel Schumacher. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the film is a sequel to Batman Returns (1992), with Val Kilmer replacing Michael Keaton as Batman. The plot focuses on Batman trying to stop Two-Face (Tommy Lee Jones) and the Riddler (Jim Carrey) in their villainous scheme to drain information from all the brains in Gotham City. He gains allegiance from psychiatrist Chase Meridian (Nicole Kidman) and orphaned ward Dick Grayson (Chris O'Donnell).
The film had a change in tone compared to the previous installments, becoming more family-friendly since Warner Bros. considered that the previous film, Batman Returns, underperformed at the box office due to its violence and dark overtones. Production was troubled, with many actors considered for the main roles. Batman Forever received mixed reviews upon release, but was a success with audiences, out-grossing Batman Returns with over $336 million worldwide and becoming the sixth-highest grossing film of 1995.[2]
In Gotham City, Batman saves a guard from Two-Face, the alter ego of the disfigured former district attorney, Harvey Dent. They are locked in a safe tied to a helicopter, where it is filled with acid. Using the security guard's hearing aid, Batman unlocks the safe. Dent kills the helicopter's pilot and both Dent and Batman flee from the ensuing explosion on the Statue of Liberty. Meanwhile, Wayne Enterprises researcher Edward Nygma, develops a device to beam television directly to a person's brain. Bruce Wayne rejects the invention on the grounds that such intrusive technology raises too many questions and Nygma's supervisor attempts to terminate the project. Nygma tests the machine on his supervisor, kills him and resigns from his position, leaving a riddle behind.
Bruce meets psychiatrist Dr. Chase Meridian and invites her to a charity circus event. There, Two-Face and his henchmen storm the event in an attempt to discover Batman's secret identity; in the process, a family of acrobats called The Flying Graysons are killed by Two-Face. Their youngest member, Dick, survives and throws Two-Face's bomb into the river. Assuming responsibility for Dick, Bruce allows him to stay at Wayne Manor. Dick declares his intention to kill Two-Face and avenge his family's murder, and when he discovers Bruce's secret identity as Batman, he insists on becoming his partner. Bruce, however, turns Dick down. Despite his master's wishes, Bruce's loyal butler Alfred provides guidance and counsel to Dick relating to his desire to follow Bruce's path.
Nygma, meanwhile, becomes the Riddler, allying with Two-Face and promising to discover Batman's identity—he sends Bruce two additional riddles. Having been mass produced and become popular, Nygma's device, the Box, has a unique side-effect allowing him to access its users' brainwaves and enabling him to discover every secret they possess, enhancing his own intelligence and knowledge in the process. Unveiling an advanced device at a business party, Nygma is able to discover Bruce's secret identity. Two-Face attacks the party and nearly buries Batman alive, but Dick saves his life. Continuing to turn down Dick's offer, Bruce gives up his post as the Dark Knight to discourage Dick, and pursues a relationship with Chase, whom he plans to tell his secret to. Disheartened by Bruce's plans, Dick takes his leave. However, Two-Face and the Riddler later infiltrate Wayne Manor on Halloween just after Bruce has revealed his identity to Chase. The Riddler enters the Batcave and destroys most of the equipment, and he and Two-Face kidnap Chase after Bruce is grazed on the head by a gunshot from Two-Face, though the Riddler stops Two-Face from killing him. They also leave Bruce a final riddle and detain Chase in the Riddler's lair.
After solving the last riddle and using all the answers to determine who Riddler is, Bruce dons his only surviving Batsuit and prepares to confront his enemies. When Dick returns in a costume made by Alfred, telling Batman his stage name is "Robin", Batman finally accepts him as his partner. Batman and Robin locate the Riddler's lair, where the two are separated upon reaching the island. Robin engages Two-Face in a duel, nearly knocking the villain to his death. Robin shows mercy and aids Two-Face, but is taken hostage. Batman is able to successfully infiltrate the tower, whereupon the Riddle reveals Robin and Chase are both held hostage, bound and gagged in giant jars above a pit of water and metal spikes. The Riddler tells Batman he may only save one hostage, but realizing that they are likely all doomed regardless of who he chooses, he stalls the Riddler with a riddle of his own, using the distraction to destroy the brain wave-collecting device, reversing its effect on the Riddler and sending him into a mental breakdown in the process. Batman is able to rescue Robin and Chase from falling to their deaths, only to find Two-Face holding them at gunpoint. After tricking Two-Face to use his coin, Batman tosses a handful of silver dollars as he flips it in mid-air. Two-Face is confused and falls to his death. The Riddler is sent to Arkham Asylum, and Chase is asked to consult on his case. Riddler offers to reveal the identity of Batman to her—only to claim that he is Batman, showing he has truly become insane. Chase tells Bruce his secret is safe, and they kiss before Chase departs.
- Val Kilmer as Bruce Wayne / Batman
After coming across the journal of his father, he starts questioning his act of vengeance. Bruce struggles with his dual identity as a crime fighter, becoming romantically involved with Doctor Chase Meridian.
- Tommy Lee Jones as Harvey Dent / Two-Face
Formerly the good district attorney of Gotham City, half of Dent's face is scarred with acid during the conviction of a crime boss. Driven insane, he becomes the criminal Two-Face.
- Jim Carrey as Edward Nygma / The Riddler
A former Wayne Enterprises employee, Edward resigns after his newest invention is personally rejected by Bruce Wayne. He becomes the villainous Riddler, leaving riddles and puzzles at scenes of crime.
- Nicole Kidman as Dr. Chase Meridian
A psychologist and love interest of Bruce Wayne. Chase is fascinated by the dual nature of Batman. She is held as a damsel in distress in the climax.
- Chris O'Donnell as Dick Grayson / Robin
Once a circus acrobat, Dick is taken in by Bruce after Two-Face murders his parents and brother at a circus event. Bruce is reminded of when his parents were murdered when he sees the same vengeance in Dick, and decides to take him in as his ward. He eventually discovers the Batcave and learns Bruce's secret identity. In his wake, he becomes the crime fighting partner, Robin.
- Michael Gough as Alfred Pennyworth
The Wayne family's faithful butler and Bruce's confidant. Alfred also befriends the young Dick Grayson.
- Pat Hingle as James Gordon
The police commissioner of Gotham City.
- Drew Barrymore and Debi Mazar as Sugar and Spice
Two-Face's "good" and "bad" assistants.
- Elizabeth Sanders as Gossip Gerty
Gotham's top gossip columnist.
- René Auberjonois as Doctor Burton
The head Doctor of Arkham Asylum.
- Joe Grifasi as The Bank Guard
Two-Face's hostage during the opening scene.
- Ofer Samra as Two-Face's Thug
- Ed Begley, Jr. as Fred Stickley
Edward Nygma's ill-tempered supervisor at Wayne Enterprises. After Stickley discovers the true nature of Nygma's invention, Nygma kills him and makes it look like suicide. Begley was uncredited for this role.
Even though Batman Returns was a financial success, Warner Bros. felt the film should have made more money and decided to make the film series more mainstream. Tim Burton, who had directed the two previous installments, was asked to restrict himself to the role of producer and approved of Joel Schumacher as director.[3] Schumacher claims he originally had in mind an adaptation of Frank Miller's Batman: Year One. The studio rejected the idea as they wanted a sequel, not a prequel, though Schumacher was able to include very brief events in Batman's past. Schumacher hired Lee and Janet Scott-Batchler to write the script which introduced a psychotic Riddler with a pet rat accompanying him. The story elements and much of the dialogue still remained in the finished film, though Schumacher felt it could be "lighte[ne]d down". He hired Akiva Goldsman, whom he previously had worked for on The Client, to write the second draft.[4]
Production went on fast track with Rene Russo cast as Dr. Chase Meridian. Michael Keaton decided not to reprise Batman because he did not like the new direction the film series was heading in.[5] Keaton also wanted to pursue "more interesting roles",[6] turning down $15 million to appear in Batman Forever.[3] Val Kilmer was cast days later, and the filmmakers decided that Russo was too old for Kilmer, replacing her with a different actress.[5] Schumacher got interested in Kilmer for Batman after seeing him in Tombstone, and the actor accepted the role without even reading the script or knowing who the new director was.[7] Before Val Kilmer was cast, Daniel Day-Lewis, Ralph Fiennes, William Baldwin and Johnny Depp were all under consideration to replace Michael Keaton.[8][9]
Robin Wright Penn, Jeanne Tripplehorn and Linda Hamilton were in competition for Dr. Chase Meridian, with Penn appearing as the favorable choice. Nicole Kidman was eventually cast.[10] Even though Billy Dee Williams took the role of Harvey Dent in Batman because he was looking forward to portraying Two-Face in a sequel, Schumacher cast Tommy Lee Jones in the role.[11] Jones was always Schumacher's first choice for the role after working with him on The Client. Jones claims he was sent the script and was very cautious to accept,[4] but accepted the part because Two-Face was his son's favorite character.[12] Micky Dolenz was an early contender for the Riddler.[13][14] While Robin Williams expressed interest in the role,[15] Jim Carrey was eventually cast.[16] Robin appeared in the shooting script of Batman Returns but was deleted due to "too many characters". Marlon Wayans was cast in the role, and signed for Batman Forever. It was decided to replace Wayans with a different actor;[17] Leonardo DiCaprio and Chris O'Donnell became the top two choices, with O'Donnell winning the part. Mitchell Gaylord served as O'Donnell's stunt double.[10]
Filming started in September 1994.[3] Schumacher hired Barbara Ling for production design, claiming that the film needed a "force" and felt Ling could "advance on it". Schumacher wanted a design that was not to be in any way connected to the previous films, and instead was to be inspired by the images from the Batman comic books seen in the 1940s/early 1950s and taken from that of New York City architecture in the 1930s, with a combination of modern Tokyo. He also wanted a "city with personality", with more statues, as well as various amounts of neon. The Batmobile was also given a makeover, with two cars being constructed, one for stunt purposes and one for close-ups with both showcasing a V8 engine.[18]
Schumacher had problems filming with Kilmer, whom he described as "childish and impossible", reporting that he fought with various crewmen, and refused to speak to Schumacher during two weeks after the director told him to stop behaving in a rude way.[5] Schumacher also mentioned Tommy Lee Jones as a source of trouble: "Jim Carrey was a gentleman, and Tommy Lee was threatened by him. I'm tired of defending overpaid, overprivileged actors. I pray I don't work with them again."[19]
Rick Baker designed the prosthetic makeup. John Dykstra, Andrew Adamson and Jim Rygiel served as visual effects supervisors, with Pacific Data Images also contributing to visual effects work. PDI provided a computer-generated Batman for complicated stunts.[20] For the costume design, producer Peter MacGregor-Scott claimed that 146 workers were at one point working together. Batman's costume was redesigned along the lines of a more "MTV organic, and edgier feel" to the suit.[21] Sound editing and mixing was co-supervised by Bruce Stambler and John Levesque, which included trips to caves to record bat sounds.[22]
Elliot Goldenthal was hired by Schumacher to compose the film score months before production of Batman Forever began. In discussions with Schumacher, the director wanted Goldenthal to avoid taking inspiration from Danny Elfman, and requested an original composition.[23]
The soundtrack was commercially successful, selling almost as many copies as Prince's soundtrack to the 1989 Batman film. Only five of the songs on the soundtrack are actually featured in the movie, the rest are allegedly 'inspired by' Batman Forever – a curious claim, since most, if not all, of the tracks were recorded before the film was even completed. Hit singles from the soundtrack include "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me" by U2 and "Kiss from a Rose" by Seal, both of which were nominated for MTV Movie Awards. "Kiss from a Rose" (whose video was also directed by Joel Schumacher) reached #1 in the U.S. charts as well. The soundtrack itself, featuring additional songs by The Flaming Lips, Brandy (both songs also included in the film), Method Man, Nick Cave, Michael Hutchence (of INXS), PJ Harvey, and Massive Attack, was an attempt to (in producer Peter MacGregor-Scott's words) make the film more "pop".
Batman Forever went through a few major edits before its release. Originally darker than the final product, the movie's original length was closer to two hours and 40 minutes according to director Joel Schumacher. There was talk of an extended cut being released to DVD for the film's 10th anniversary in 2005. While all four previous Batman films were given special edition DVD releases on the same day as the Batman Begins DVD release, the version of Batman Forever released was the original, although some of the following scenes were in a deleted scenes section in the special features.[24]
Many scenes were filmed but deleted from the film. These included:
- The escape of Two-Face from Arkham Asylum. René Auberjonois had more scenes filmed here, playing Doctor Burton but his role was reduced to a cameo in the final film. He encounters the escape with the psychologist hanged in Two-Face's cell with "The Bat Must Die" written in blood on the wall. This was supposed to be the film's opening scene, but producers decided this was far too dark for a family audience. This scene appears in a rough edit on the special edition DVD. Segments of the scene also appears in the music video for U2's "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me".
- The construction of NygmaTech was more in-depth. There were scenes shot that appear in publicity stills of Edward Nygma with a hard hat helping with the construction of his headquarters on Claw Island. This scene does not appear on the new special edition release but is shown in the sticker album published by Merlin Collections.
- Sugar and Spice, played by Drew Barrymore and Debi Mazar, try out the Riddler's device during the montage when it goes on sale. They are seated with the Riddler and Two-Face on the couch where Chase is handcuffed later in the film. This scene appears in the comic adaptation but not in the final film.
- The most well-known deleted scene involved further backstory to the film. It involved Bruce waking up after being shot in the head by Two-Face, temporarily wiping a part of his memory; he has forgotten his origin and life as the Dark Knight. Alfred takes him to the Batcave, which has been destroyed by the Riddler. They stand on the platform where the Batmobile was, and Alfred says, "Funny they did not know about the cave beneath the cave." The platform then rotates downward to another level where the sonar-modification equipment is kept, from the special Batsuit to the hi-tech weaponry. Bruce then discovers the cavern where he first saw the image that inspired him to become Batman – a giant bat. The bat appears and Bruce raises his arms and the shot shows that they are one. Bruce now remembers who he is and goes with Alfred to solve the riddles left throughout the film. Screenwriter Akiva Goldsman admitted the scene was very theatrical on the special edition DVD and felt it would have made a difference to the final cut. The bat was designed and created by Rick Baker, who was in charge of the make-up of Two-Face. This scene appears in a rough form on the special edition DVD and is briefly mentioned in the comic adaptation.
- The original ending was an homage to the first film. When Alfred drives Doctor Chase Meridian back to Gotham she asks him "Does it ever end?" Alfred replies, "No, Doctor Meridian, not in this lifetime..." The Bat-Signal shines on the night sky and Batman is standing on a pillar looking ahead. Robin then comes into shot and joins his new partner. They both leap off the pillar, towards the camera. A rough edit of the first half of the scene appears on the special edition DVD, but not in its entirety. The sequence with Batman and Robin at the end of this scene appears in a teaser trailer for the video game, which is on the VHS release of this film, released in the UK on December 3, 1995.
Batman Forever opened in 2,842 theaters in the United States on June 16, 1995, making $52.78 million in its opening weekend.[1] This was the highest opening weekend of all time up to that point.[25] The film went on to gross $184.03 million in North America, and $152.5 million in international countries, totaling $336.53 million. Batman Forever was declared a huge financial success.[1] The film earned more money than its predecessor Batman Returns,[26] and was the second-highest (behind Toy Story) grossing film of 1995, in America.[25]
[edit] Critical reaction
Batman Forever was released to mixed reviews. Based on 55 reviews collected by the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 44% of reviewers enjoyed the film.[27] Metacritic collected an average score of 51, based on 23 reviews.[28]
Peter Travers criticized the movie's blatant commercialism, but commented that "Batman Forever still gets in its licks. There's no fun machine this summer that packs more surprises. The script misses the pain Tim Burton caught in a man tormented by the long-ago murder of his parents."[29] Brian Lowry of Variety believed "One does have to question the logic behind adding nipples to the hard-rubber batsuit. Whose idea was that supposed to be anyway, Alfred's? Some of the computer-generated Gotham cityscapes appear too obviously fake. Elliot Goldenthal's score, while serviceable, also isn't as stirring as Danny Elfman's work in the first two films."[30]
James Berardinelli enjoyed the film. "It's lighter, brighter, funnier, faster-paced, and a whole lot more colorful than before."[31] Scott Beatty felt "Tommy Lee Jones played Harvey Dent as a Joker knock-off rather than a multi-layered rogue."[32] Lee Bermejo called Batman Forever "unbearable".[33] Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert both gave the film mixed reviews, but with the former giving it a thumbs up and the latter a thumbs down.[34] In his written review, Ebert wrote: "Is the movie better entertainment? Well, it's great bubblegum for the eyes. Younger children will be able to process it more easily, some kids were led bawling from Batman Returns where the PG-13 rating was a joke."[35] Mick LaSalle had a mixed reaction, concluding "a shot of Kilmer's rubber buns at one point is guaranteed to bring squeals from the audience."[36]
At the 68th Academy Awards, Batman Forever was nominated with Cinematography, Sound (Donald O. Mitchell, Frank A. Montaño, Michael Herbick and Petur Hliddal) and Sound Editing.[37] "Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me" by U2 was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song,[38] but was also nominated for the Worst Song Golden Raspberry Award.[39] At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated for Best Fantasy Film, Make-up, Special Effects and Costume Design.[40] Composer Elliot Goldenthal was given a Grammy Award nomination.[41] Batman Forever received six nominations at the 1996 MTV Movie Awards, four of which were divided between two categories (Carrey and Lee Jones for Best Villain; and Seal's "Kiss from a Rose" and U2's "Hold Me" in Best Song from a Movie). However, it won in just one category—Best Song from a Movie for Seal's "Kiss from a Rose".[42]
In addition to a large line of toys and action figures from Kenner, the McDonald's food chain released several collectibles and mugs to coincide with the release of the film. Peter David and Alan Grant wrote separate novelizations of the film.[43][44] Dennis O'Neil authored a comic book adaptation, with art by Michal Dutkiewicz.[45]
- ^ a b c "Batman Forever". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batmanforever.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "1995 Yearly Box Office Results". http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=releasedate&view=opening&yr=1995&p=.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
- ^ a b c "Batman 3". Entertainment Weekly. 1993-10-01. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,308195,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ a b (DVD) Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight-Reinventing a Hero. Warner Bros.. 2005.
- ^ a b c Jeff Gordinier (1994-07-15). "Next at Batman". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302969,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Army Archerd (1994-12-01). "Culkin kids ink with WMA". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117862593. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Nathan, Ian (August 1995). "Hold me, thrill me, kiss me, Kilmer". Empire. pp. 108–117.
- ^ Jett (2009-12-16). "William Baldwin Talks Batman And "JUSTICE LEAGUE: CRISIS ON TWO EARTHS"". Batman-on-Film. http://www.batman-on-film.com/dccomics-on-film_JL-CRISIS-ON-TWO-EARTHS_William-Baldwin-talks-Batman_12-16-09.html. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
- ^ "Johnny Depp Was Almost Batman In Batman Forever". ComicBookMovie. 2009-12-10. http://www.comicbookmovie.com/fansites/CookiepussProduction/news/?a=12646. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
- ^ a b Judy Brennan (1994-06-03). "Batman Battles New Bat Villains". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302503,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ (DVD) Batman Heroes Profile: Harvey Dent. Batman Special Edition: Warner Bros. Home Video. 2005.
- ^ Cindy Pearlman (1994-07-22). "The Good Son". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,303022,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
- ^ "Micky Dolenz Internet Movie Database". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004880/bio#trivia. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ "Batman Forever Internet Movie Database". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112462/trivia. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ Cindy Pearlman (1993-12-17). "Flashes: No Joker". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,308987,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Mike Thomas (2003-03-31). "Hey, what about that man in the glass booth?". Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ Nathan Rabin (1998-02-25). "Wayans World". The A.V. Club. http://www.avclub.com/content/node/23240. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ (DVD) Out of the Shadows: The Production Design of Batman Forever. Batman Forever: Special Edition: Warner Bros. 2005.
- ^ Benjamin Svetkey (1996-07-12). "Holy Happy Set!". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,293237,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Menache, Alberto (1999). Understanding motion capture for computer animation and video games. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 49. ISBN 0-12-490630-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=9njZ482OYfwC.
- ^ (DVD) The Many Faces of Gotham City. Warner Bros.. 2005.
- ^ Kenny, Tom (2000-10-01). Sound for picture: film sound through the 1990s. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-0-87288-724-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=oNSSw01RIw0C&pg=PA85. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- ^ (DVD) Scoring Forever: The Music of Batman Forever. Warner Bros.. 2005.
- ^ "Batman Forever – What Could Be: A Guide to the Batman Forever Cutting Room Floor". Batman-On-Film.com. http://www.batman-on-film.com/opinion_scissorpuppy_forever.html. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
- ^ a b "1995 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=releasedate&view=opening&yr=1995&p=.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "Batman Battle". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/showdowns/chart/?id=batmanvs.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "Batman Forever". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/batman_forever/. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "Batman Forever (1995): Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/batman-forever. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Peter Travers (2000-12-08). "Batman Forever". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5948895/review/5948896/batman_forever.
- ^ Brian Lowry (1995-06-14). "Batman Forever". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117904172.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ James Berardinelli (1995-06-16). "Batman Forever". ReelViews. http://www.reelviews.net/php_review_template.php?identifier=287. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Bill "Jett" Ramey (2005-11-28). "BOF Interview: Scott Beatty". Batman-on-Film. http://batman-on-film.com/sbeattyinterview.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ Bill "Jett" Ramey (2005-10-13). "Interview: Lee Bermejo". Batman-on-Film. http://batman-on-film.com/leebermejointerview.html. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ At the Movies.
- ^ "Batman Forever". Roger Ebert. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19950616/REVIEWS/506160301/1023. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Mick LaSalle (1995-06-16). "Batman Forever Goes On and On". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1995/06/16/DD8003.DTL. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/68th-winners.html. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
- ^ "53rd Golden Globe Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Golden_Globes_USA/1996. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "1996 Razzie Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Razzie_Awards/1996. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "22nd Saturn Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Academy_of_Science_Fiction_Fantasy_And_Horror_Films_USA/1996. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "37th Grammy Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Grammy_Awards/1996. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "1996 MTV Movie Awards". Internet Movie Database. Amazon.com. http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/MTV_Movie_Awards/1996. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
- ^ "Batman Forever (Paperback)". Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0316324183. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Batman Forever: The Novelization". Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0446602175. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ "Batman Forever: The Official Comic Adaptation of Motion Picture". Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/dp/1563891999. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
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