Tulu Nadu

Sunday, 09 December 2012

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Aati Kalenja - Gradually Disappearing Tradition of Tulunadu

Wedding in Tulunadu - By Creative Coastal

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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the country's southeastern coast. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west.
Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline of 972 km (604 mi) among the states of India. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna, run across the state. The small enclave (30 square kilometres (12 sq mi)) of Yanam, a district of Pondicherry, lies in the Godavari delta in the northeast of the state. The state is separated into three regions: Telangana, Andhra, and Rayalaseema.
The primary official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu and the co-official language is Urdu. Other languages often spoken in the state include Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Kannada, and Oriya.

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Assam
Assam /əˈsæm/ (Assamese: অসম) also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province (British India), is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country^{[citation needed]}. Assam was one of the original provinces of the British ruled Indian sub-continent and among the original provinces of present day India, having a legislature that dates back to 1937. However, present day Assam has undergone numerous territory alignment changes, with its state map being altered more than any other province's. Known for exquisite natural resources, geography and its important role in India's freedom struggle; Assam has its capital as Dispur, an especialized city circuit region located on the outskirts of its largest metropolis, Guwahati.
Assam is particularly famous for its natural beauty. The landscape includes tea gardens, the river Brahmaputra, and many historical monuments and temples. Swami Vivekananda once said that, "next only to Kashmir, Assam is the most beautiful place in India" A state with an abundance of forest, Assam also has five national parks, around half a dozen other wildlife sanctuaries, and is home to two-thirds of the population of the unique one-horned rhino. When it comes to wildlife, Assam too has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites.

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Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km²) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km², which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.

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Bodoland
Bodoland is an area located in the north bank of Brahmaputra river in the state of Assam in north east region of India, by the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh; inhabited predominantly by the Bodo people. Currently the map of Bodoland includes the Bodoland Territorial Areas District (BTAD) administered by the non-autonomous Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC). The territory came into existence under the BTC Accord. The map of Bodoland overlaps with the districts of Kokrajhar, Baksa, Chirang and Udalguri in the state of Assam. At present, Kokrajhar serves as the capital of Bodoland.
The early history of Bodos is largely unknown. By definition, Bodos do not display any tribal culture and they do not participate in any primitive rituals. For centuries majority Bodos remained as farmers,weavers, and peace loving society. Like many cultures in the world today, Bodos are also ethnocentric or nationalist society. Cultural assimilation with Assamese was not productive. In brief, before the British Raj, Dimasa Kachari Kingdom may have included a vast area extending far and beyond Assam, a small province in the North-East India. History suggest that Dimapur was the capital of Kachari kingdom (Dimasa Kachari kingdom) ,The Dimasas are part of Tibeto-Burman Bodo race. The British-India colonial rulers effectively adapted divide and rule policy for over 300 years. It is likely that Kachari were lagging behind their fellow Indians in terms of education and employability. Since the time of British Raj, Assam is known to produce oil and natural gas, and Assam tea. Before independence (1947), North-East India was a remote place.

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Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.

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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர், pronounced [kɔəjmbaːʈɔrɪ]), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை, pronounced [kɔʋaːəj] ( listen)), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the 15th largest urban agglomeration in India with a metropolitan population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial centre and has often been referred to as the "Manchester of South India".
The Coimbatore region has been ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire and the Madurai Nayaks and is believed to have been named after a chieftain called Koyan. In the 17th century, the city became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore and remained so until its conquest by the British East India Company in 1799. The history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed steady growth fueled by its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions.
Coimbatore is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation which comprises 100 wards grouped into five zones. It is situated on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Tamil Nadu and is surrounded by the Western Ghats on all sides. It is well connected by road, rail and air with major towns and cities in India.

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Dakshina Kannada
Dakshina Kannada (Tulu/Konkani/Kannada: ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ), also known as South Kanara, or South Canara), is a coastal district in the state of Karnataka in India. It is bordered by Udupi District to the north, Chikkamagaluru district to the northeast, Hassan District to the east, Kodagu to the southeast, and Kasaragod District in Kerala to the south. The Arabian Sea bounds it on the west. Mangalore is the headquarters and chief city of the district. Dakshina Kannada district has an area 4,866 square kilometres, and a population density of 390 persons per square kilometre. There are 354 villages in the district.
The district is divided into five talukas, Mangalore, Bantwal, Puttur, Sullia, and Belthangady. It used to include three northern talukas, Udupi, Kundapur and Karkal, but these were separated in August 1997 to form Udupi district. Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kasaragod taluk are often called Tulu Nadu, as Tulu is the majority language in the region. The Alupas who ruled this region between the 8th and 14th century CE as a feudatory of all the major Kannada empires of those times and it is for this reason that the Tulu speaking districts are a part of Karnataka state.

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Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north, and more than a kilometer high in the south, forming a raised triangle within the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian subcontinent's coastline.
It extends over eight Indian states and encompasses a wide range of habitats, covering most of central and southern India.
It is located between two mountain ranges: the Western Ghats form its western boundary, and the Eastern Ghats its eastern boundary. Each rises from their respective nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India. It is separated from the Gangetic plain to the north by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges, which form its northern boundary.
The name Deccan is an anglicised form of the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the Sanskrit word dákṣiṇa, meaning "south".
The Deccan Plateau lies south of the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Western Ghats Mountain Range is tall and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall. The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the southeastern coast of India. Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed into rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal.

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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.

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Dharmasthala
Dharmasthala(Tulu/Kannada:ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ) is a Indian temple village on the banks of the Nethravathi River in the Belthangadi taluk of the Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka.
The village is known for its Dharmasthala Temple which houses the shrine of Shiva,Manjunatha, Ammanavaru, Chandranath and the Dharma Daivas (Guardian Spirits of Dharma) namely Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari.The temple is unusual in that it is run by a Jain administration and poojas are conducted by Hindu priests of Madhva order. Lakshadeepa- the festival of lights is the annual festival of Dharmasthala comes off in November–December. On an average the flow of pilgrims is about 10,000 people a day. A mechanised kitchen provides free food for all pilgrims and there are guest houses with modern amenities.
Dharmastala represents religious tolerance. A Jain Tirthankara is worshipped beside Daivas and Lord Manjunatha (Shiva). The priests are Vaishnavite Brahmins and the guardian of the temple a Heggade (Jain).

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Hassan district
Hassan (Kannada: ಹಾಸನ) is a district in Karnataka state, India. The district headquarters are Hassan. Hassan district was the seat of the Hoysala Empire which at its peak ruled large parts of south India from Belur as its early capital and Halebidu as its later capital during the period 1000 - 1334 CE. Today Hassan is primarily known worldwide for its Hoysala architecture and is a veritable treasure trove of about fifty sculptural marvels tucked away in several villages and towns of the district. Hassan is also known as the location of the Master Control Facility of the Indian Space Research Organization's Indian National Satellite System.
Mavuthanahalli-Sri Mahalingeshwara Temple and Sri Kariyamma Devi Temple.(20;km-javagal-banavara road)
The history of Hassan district is essentially the history of two of the well known dynasties that have ruled Karnataka, the Western Ganga Dynasty of Talkad (350 - 999 CE.) and the Hoysala Empire (1000 - 1334 CE). In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Vijayanagar kings patronised Chennakesava of Belur as their family deity. It was also ruled by Adilshahis of Bijapur and Mughal Empire after decline of the Vijayanagar. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hassan became a land of contention between the Keladi Nayakas of Shimoga and the Mysore Kingdom. It finally merged as an independent Mysore kingdom.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir ⁱ/ˌdʒɑːmuː/ & /ˈkæʃmɪər/ is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan, to the west and northwest respectively.
Formerly a part of the erstwhile Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, which governed the larger historic region of Kashmir, this territory is disputed among China, India and Pakistan. Pakistan, which claims the territory as disputed, refers to it alternatively as Indian-occupied Kashmir or Indian-held Kashmir, while some international agencies such as the United Nations, call it Indian-administered Kashmir. The regions under the control of Pakistan are referred to as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir or PoK within India.
Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu's numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, also known as "Little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.

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Karnataka
Karnataka /kɑrˈnɑːtəkə/ is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava (Formation Day). Originally known as the State of Mysore /maɪˈsɔər/, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. It is the land of the Kannadigas, Tuluvas, Konkanis and Kodavas. The capital and largest city is Bangalore.
Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area. With over 61 million inhabitants (2011), Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.
The two main river systems of the state are Krishna and its tributaries (Bhima, Ghataprabha, Vedavati, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra) in the north, and the Cauvery and its tributaries (Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini) in the south. Both these rivers flow eastward and fall into the Bay of Bengal.

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Kasaragod
Kasaragod is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of Kasaragod district as well as of Kasaragod Taluk. Landmarks of note includes the famous Madhur Temple, Mallikkarjuna Temple, Theruvatthu Mosque, Chandragiri Fort, Malik Deenar Mosque and the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute.The Bekal Fort is also a major tourist attraction near Kasargod.
The ship building industry of Thalangara was well known in India. In the past years a number of ships were built here and sold in various states of India and exported to foreign countries. The Kasaragod economy is mainly agrarian; cash crops such as coconut, rubber are grown and commercially exploited. Other industries include tile manufacture, timber industry etc. Foreign investment or N.R.I Income is high in this part of the state.
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) was established in 1970 as one of the agricultural research institutes in the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The Coconut Research Station at Kasaragod in Kerala was initially established in 1916 by the then Government of Madras and subsequently it was taken over by the Indian Central Coconut Committee in 1948. (http://www.cpcri.gov.in/)

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Kasaragod district
Kasargod District (Malayalam: കാസര്‍ഗോഡ് ജില്ല)is one of the districts of the Indian state of Kerala. Kasargod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.Kasargod is the northernmost district of Kerala and world renowned for its coir and hand loom industries. The district has a coastline of around 293 kilometers and that why the livelihood of Kasargod people mainly depends on fisheries.The district is popular with the forts, rivers, hillocks, beaches and shrines here. The Kasargod District is uniquely known for its Linguistics Culture and it is the best example for the "Linguistic Harmony".
To its south lies Kannur District[കണ്ണൂര്‍ ജില്ല ] and to the north the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. All along its east it is walled by the Western Ghats while along the west the Arabian Sea borders it. The district, covering an area of around 1992 km², has a population (2001 census) of 1,203,342 and has two taluks, namely, 75.13and Hosdurg; It has three municipalities (Kasargod, Kanhangad and Nileshwaram) and thirty-eight grama panchayats. The district is further sub-divided into six administrative segments called development blocks, namely, Manjeshwar, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, and Nileshwar, Parappa, Karadukka. Like other districts of Kerala, Kasargod district too has a high literacy rate, around 85.17% according to the 2001 census.

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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.

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Kerala backwaters
The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.
The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 km of waterways, and sometimes compared to the American Bayou. In the midst of this landscape there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and end points of backwater cruises. National Waterway No. 3 from Kollam to Kottapuram, covers a distance of 205 km and runs almost parallel to the coast line of southern Kerala facilitating both cargo movement and backwater tourism.

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Kodagu
Kodagu, also known by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is an administrative district in Karnataka, India. It occupies an area of 4,102 square kilometres (1,584 sq mi) in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. As of 2001, the population was 548,561, 13.74% of which resided in the district's urban centres, making it the least populous of the 30 districts in Karnataka. Kodagu is well known in the world for coffee and its "brave warriors", like Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa.
Madikeri (English: Mercara) is the headquarters of Kodagu. The district is bordered by Dakshina Kannada district to the northwest, Hassan district to the north, Mysore district to the east, Kannur district of Kerala to the southwest, and the Wayanad district of Kerala to the south.
Kodagu is home to the native speakers of Kodava language. As per 1991 census, the speakers of Kodava made up 0.25% of the total population of Karnataka.^{[citation needed]} According to Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy, apart from Kodavas, 18 other ethnic groups speak Kodava Takk in and outside the district including Heggade, Iri, Koyava, Banna, Madivala, Hajama, Kembatti, and Meda. Though the language has no script, recently German linguist Gregg M. Cox developed a new writing system for the language known as the Coorgi-Cox alphabet, used by a number of individuals within Kodagu. Lately, some organizations including the Codava National Council and Kodava Rashtriya Samiti are demanding Kodava homeland status and autonomy to Kodagu district.

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Ladakh
Ladakh (Wylie: la-dwags, Ladakhi [lad̪ɑks], Hindi: लद्दाख़, Urdu: لدّاخ [ləd̪ˈd̪aːx]; "land of high passes") is a region of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state in the control of the Republic of India. It is however disputed territory between Pakistan and India. It lies between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent. It is one of the most sparsely populated regions in Jammu and Kashmir.
Historically, the region included the Baltistan (Baltiyul) valleys, the Indus Valley, the remote Zangskar, Lahaul and Spiti to the south, Aksai Chin and Ngari, including the Rudok region and Guge, in the east, and the Nubra valleys to the north.
Contemporary Ladakh borders Tibet to the east, the Lahaul and Spiti to the south, the Vale of Kashmir, Jammu and Baltiyul regions to the west, and the trans–Kunlun territory of Xinjiang to the far north. Ladakh is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and culture. It is sometimes called "Little Tibet" as it has been strongly influenced by Tibetan culture.

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Lakshadweep
Lakshadweep /ləkˈʃɑːdwiːp/ (Malayalam: ലക്ഷദ്വീപ് Lakṣadvīp (help·info), Mahl: ލަކްޝަދީބު Lakshadīb), formerly known as the Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands /ˌlækədaɪv ˌmɪnɨkɔɪ/ & /ˌæmɨnˈdiːvi/, is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea, 200 to 440 km off the coast of the South West Indian state of Kerala. They were also known as Laccadive Islands, although geographically this is only the name of the central subgroup of the group.
The islands form the smallest Union Territory of India. The total surface area of the islands is just 11 sq mi or 32 km². However, the lagoon area is about 4,200 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi), the territorial waters area is 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) and the exclusive economic zone area is 400,000 square kilometres (150,000 sq mi).
Lakshadweep is the northern part of the erstwhile Lakshadweepa.^{[clarification needed]} The islands are the northernmost among the Lakshadweep-Maldives-Chagos group of islands, which are actually the tops of a vast undersea mountain range, in the Indian Ocean, the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge.

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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.

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Madras
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.

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Maharashtra
Maharashtra /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ (Marathi: महाराष्ट् mahārāṣṭra [məharaːʂʈrə] ( listen)) is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is the richest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures).
Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km² (118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Nagpur is the second capital of the state. Marathi is the official language.
Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. Were it a nation in its own right, Maharashtra would be the world's tenth most populous country ahead of Mexico.

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Mangalore
Mangalore ⁱ/ˈmæŋɡəlɔr/ (also called Kuḍla in Tulu, Maṅgaḷūru in Kannada, Koḍiyāl in Konkani, or Maikāla in Beary bashe) is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about 350 kilometres (220 mi) west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada (formerly South Canara) district in south western Karnataka.
Mangalore derives its name from the local Hindu Goddess Mangaladevi. It developed as a port on the Arabian Sea—remaining, to this day, a major port of India. Lying on the backwaters of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers, Mangalore is often used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast. The city has a tropical climate and lies in the path of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoons. Mangalore's port handles 75 per cent of India's coffee exports and the bulk of the nation's cashew exports.
Mangalore was ruled by several major powers, including the Kadambas, Vijayanagar dynasty, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, and the Portuguese. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Mysore rulers, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. Eventually annexed by the British in 1799, Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947. The city was unified with the state of Mysore (now called Karnataka) in 1956.

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New Mangalore port
Panambur (Tulu, Kannada: ಪಣಂಬೂರು) is the site of New Mangalore Port. It is located in Dakshina Kannada (formerly South Canara ) district of Karnataka state, India, north of the Gurupura river. The name Panambur is derived from 'Panam' which means Money and 'Ur' which means place or village in Tulu language.
There is a Nandaneshwara temple in Panambur. The sea port is near to Surathkal railway station on the Mumbai-Mangalore railway route. There is a beautiful beach on the shore of the Arabian Sea at Tanniru Bhavi to the south of sea port at Panambur. Gurupur river is to the south of Panambur.
Many factories are located at Panambur including Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers and Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited.
New Mangalore Port Trust operates the deep-water, all-weather port at Panambur, Mangalore in Karanataka state. It is the only major port of Karnataka and is currently the ninth largest port in India.
It was formally inaugurated on May 4, 1974 by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi. The construction began in 1962. The port is situated at Panambur, Mangalore on the west coast of India. It is situated to north of confluence of Gurupura( Phalguni ) river to Arabian sea .It is 170 nautical miles (310 km) south of Mormugao Port & 191 nautical miles (354 km) north of Kochi Port. The port situated in Panambur is called New Mangalore Port, as there is an old harbour or port located in Mangalore city which is called by Mangalore bunder or Hale bunder. The old harbour is located to south of New mangalore port. Old port is now being used for fishing and for ferrying small goods.

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Nilgiri mountains
The Nilgiri (Tamil: நீலகிரி, Badaga: நீலகி:ரி or blue mountains), often referred to as the Nilgiri Hills, are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu state at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala states in Southern India. They are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain chain making up the southwestern edge of the Deccan Plateau.
The hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Moyar River and from the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains. Its latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions are 130 km (Latitude: 11° 08' to 11° 37' N) by 185 km (Longitude: 76° 27' E to 77° 4' E). Central location is: 11°22′30″N 76°45′30″E / 11.375°N 76.75833°E / 11.375; 76.75833. It has an area of 2,479 square kilometres (957 sq mi).
The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000⁺ km²), including all of Mukurthi National Park in the south-eastern corner of the Nilgiris, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.

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North Canara
Uttara Kannada, also known as North Kanara or North Canara, is a Konkan district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belgaum District to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shimoga District and Udupi District to the south and the Arabian Sea to the west. The city of Karwar is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Uttara Kannada was the home of the Kadamba kingdom from the 350 to 525. They ruled from Banavasi. After the subjugation of the Kadambas by the Chalukyas, the district came under successive rule of empires like Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagar empire. Famous Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta is said to have stayed for a time in the district under the protection of Nawayath Sultan Jamal Al-Din at Hunnur.^{[citation needed]} This place is presently known as Hosapattana and is located in the town of Honnavar. Ruins of an old mosque and its minaret can still be seen in the village. The district came under the rule of Maratha Empire in the 1800s, who ceded it to the British at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818. The British established Uttara Kannada district as a part of the Bombay Presidency.

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North Malabar
North Malabar (Malayalam: ഉത്തര മലബാര്‍/വടക്കേ മലബാര്‍), is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé Sub-Division of Union Territory of Pondicherry.
Majority of North Malabar (except Mahé) remained as one of the two administrative divisions of Malabar District (an administrative district of British India under Madras Presidency) till 1947 and later part of India's Madras State till 1956. Mahé remained under French jurisdiction until 13 June 1954. On November 1, 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin [excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu], and the of Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara District.
The area of North Malabar begins at Korapuzha in the south and ends at Manjeshwaram in the north of Kerala and traditionally comprises erstwhile princely principalities and fiefdoms of Kolathu Nadu, Kadatha Nadu and southern parts of Tulu Nadu.

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Orissa

Orissa /ɔːˈrɪsə/ (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା [oˑɽisaˑ], Hindi: ओड़िशा – Oṛiśā), officially spelled Odisha, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE. The modern state of Orissa was established on April 1, 1936, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Oriya speakers. April 1^st is therefore celebrated as Utkala Dibasa (formation day of Orissa). Cuttack remained the capital of the state for over eight centuries until April 13, 1948 when Bhubaneswar was officially declared as the new capital of Orissa, and is the present capital of this state.
Orissa is the ninth largest state by area in India, and the eleventh largest by population. Oriya (officially spelled Odia) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by three quarters of the population. Orissa has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480 km long) and lacked good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradip, until the recent launch of the Dhamara Port (The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) is a 50:50 joint venture of L&T and Tata Steel. DPCL has been awarded a concession by Government of Orissa to build and operate a port north of the mouth of river Dhamra in Bhadrak district). The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the population. The interior of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated.Deomali at 1672 m is the highest point of the state. Orissa is subject to intense cyclones. The most intense one, in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and nearly 15,000 deaths.

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Panambur
Panambur (Tulu, Kannada: ಪಣಂಬೂರು) is the site of New Mangalore Port. It is located in Dakshina Kannada (formerly South Canara ) district of Karnataka state, India, north of the Gurupura river. The name Panambur is derived from 'Panam' which means Money and 'Ur' which means place or village in Tulu language.
There is a Nandaneshwara temple in Panambur. The sea port is near to Surathkal railway station on the Mumbai-Mangalore railway route. There is a beautiful beach on the shore of the Arabian Sea at Tanniru Bhavi to the south of sea port at Panambur. Gurupur river is to the south of Panambur.
Many factories are located at Panambur including Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers and Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited.
New Mangalore Port Trust operates the deep-water, all-weather port at Panambur, Mangalore in Karanataka state. It is the only major port of Karnataka and is currently the ninth largest port in India.
It was formally inaugurated on May 4, 1974 by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi. The construction began in 1962. The port is situated at Panambur, Mangalore on the west coast of India. It is situated to north of confluence of Gurupura( Phalguni ) river to Arabian sea .It is 170 nautical miles (310 km) south of Mormugao Port & 191 nautical miles (354 km) north of Kochi Port. The port situated in Panambur is called New Mangalore Port, as there is an old harbour or port located in Mangalore city which is called by Mangalore bunder or Hale bunder. The old harbour is located to south of New mangalore port. Old port is now being used for fishing and for ferrying small goods.

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Pondicherry
Puducherry /ˌpɒndɨˈtʃɛri/ is a Union Territory of India formed out four enclaves of former French India and named for the largest, Pondicherry.
In September 2006, the territory changed its official name from Pondicherry to Puducherry, which means "New village" in the Tamil language. The territory is called புதுச்சேரி (Putuccēri) or பாண்டிச்சேரி (Pāṇṭiccēri) in Tamil, or Pondichéry in French. It is also known as "The French Riviera of the East" (La Côte d'Azur de l'Est).
Pondicherry consists of four small unconnected districts: Pondicherry, Karaikal and Yanam on the Bay of Bengal and Mahé on the Arabian Sea. Pondicherry and Karaikal are by far the larger ones and are both enclaves of Tamil Nadu. Yanam and Mahé are enclaves of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively. The territory has a total area of 492 km²: Pondicherry (city) 293 km², Karaikal 160 km², Mahé 9 km² and Yanam 30 km². It has 900,000 inhabitants (2001).
Some of those enclaves are themselves amalgamations of non-contiguous enclaves, often called pockets in India. Thus, Pondicherry district is made of 12 pockets, some of whom are very small (see map) and entirely surrounded by the territory of Tamil Nadu. For its part, Mahe district is made of 3 pockets. This unusual geography is a legacy of the colonial period since the U.T. of Puducherry has retained the borders of former French India.

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Portugal
Portugal ⁱ/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.

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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.

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Satpura Range
The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast, running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the east till Chhattisgarh. The range parallels the Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide Indian Subcontinent into the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and the Deccan Plateau of the south. The Narmada River originates from north-eastern end of Satpura & runs in the depression between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges, draining the northern slope of the Satpura range, running west towards the Arabian Sea. The Tapti River originates from eastern-central part of Satpura, crosses the range in the center & further runs at the southern slopes of Satpura towards west meeting the Arabian Sea at Surat, draining central & the southern slopes of the Satpura Range. The Godavari River and its tributaries drain the Deccan plateau, which lies south of the range, and the Mahanadi River drains the easternmost portion of the range. The Godavari and Mahanadi rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal. At its eastern end, the Satpura range meets the hills of the Chota Nagpur Plateau.

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South Canara
South Canara was a district under the British empire, located at 13°00′N 75°24′E / 13.00°N 75.40°E / 13.00; 75.40Coordinates: 13°00′N 75°24′E / 13.00°N 75.40°E / 13.00; 75.40. It was bifurcated in 1859 from Canara district. It was the undivided Dakshina Kannada district. It was renamed as Dakshina Kannada in 1947.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 lists South Canara, along with the Thanjavur and Ganjam districts, as the three districts of the Madras Presidency where Brahmins are most numerous.
The people who first settled here were called Tuluvas. Possibly they came in very ancient times from Kerala. The Brahmins belonged chiefly to the Shivalli, Havika (Havyaka) and Kotaha sub-sections. Besides the Bunts, there were other non-Brahmin castes, such as the Mogaveera (fishermen), Billavas (toddy tappers), the artisan castes, the untouchables like Holeyas and Mahars, the hill-tribes (Koragas).

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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Telangana
Telangana which literally means Land of Telugu people, is a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh, India and formerly was part of Hyderabad state which was ruled by the Nizams. It is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west, Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Orissa to the east. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions of which Telengana is one; others include Coastal Andhra region in the east and Rayalaseema region in the south. The Telangana region has an area of 114,840 square kilometres (44,340 sq mi), and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census) which is 41.6% of Andhra Pradesh state population.
The Telangana region comprises 10 districts: Hyderabad, Adilabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
Since Telangana was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state in 1956, there were several agitations in Telangana to invalidate the merger and to form Telangana state. On December 9, 2009, Government of India announced process of formation of Telangana state. Due to objections raised in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions immediately after the announcement, and due to the agitation in those regions for 14 days, the decision to form to new state was put on hold on December 23, 2009. Since December 2009, Telangana movement intensified and it continue to dominate the state politics and is the cause of instability in the region.

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Tulu Nadu
Tulu Nadu (IAST: Tuḷu nāḍɯ) is a Tulu-speaking region spread over parts of present Karnataka and Kerala States of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and the northern parts of the Kasaragod district of Kerala up to the Payaswini River.Mangalore (Kudla), Udupi (Odipu) and Kasaragod (Kasrodu) are its important cities.
According to Census of India 2001, the population of this region was 3,005,898.
The majority of the population in Tulu Nadu are Tuluvas. Other ethnic groups who settled here include Konkanass, and Bearys.
Tulu is spoken by the vast overwhelming majority of the populace. Konkani speakers constitute the second largest followed by speakers of Beary bashe.
Tulu Nadu lies along the Konkan Coast. Tulu Nadu is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea and on the east by the Western Ghats. Tulu Nadu spans an area of 8,441 km² (3,259 sq mi), roughly 4.4 per cent of the total geographical area of present-day Karnataka.
Tulu Nadu also experience heavy rainfalls during Monsoon season. The coastal area of Tulu Nadu is very rich with respect to rainforests and backwaters. The region has a tropical climate; summer and winter months experience similar temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 33 °C.

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Tulunadu
Tulu Nadu (IAST: Tuḷu nāḍɯ) is a Tulu-speaking region spread over parts of present Karnataka and Kerala States of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and the northern parts of the Kasaragod district of Kerala up to the Payaswini River.Mangalore (Kudla), Udupi (Odipu) and Kasaragod (Kasrodu) are its important cities.
According to Census of India 2001, the population of this region was 3,005,898.
The majority of the population in Tulu Nadu are Tuluvas. Other ethnic groups who settled here include Konkanass, and Bearys.
Tulu is spoken by the vast overwhelming majority of the populace. Konkani speakers constitute the second largest followed by speakers of Beary bashe.
Tulu Nadu lies along the Konkan Coast. Tulu Nadu is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea and on the east by the Western Ghats. Tulu Nadu spans an area of 8,441 km² (3,259 sq mi), roughly 4.4 per cent of the total geographical area of present-day Karnataka.
Tulu Nadu also experience heavy rainfalls during Monsoon season. The coastal area of Tulu Nadu is very rich with respect to rainforests and backwaters. The region has a tropical climate; summer and winter months experience similar temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 33 °C.

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Udupi
Udupi (Tulu:ಉಡುಪಿ, Konkani:उडुपी and Kannada:ಉಡುಪಿ) is a town in the south-west Indian State of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Udupi District. Udupi is notable for the Krishna Temple, and lends its name to the popular Udupi cuisine. Udupi, also known as Rajata Peetha and Shivalli (Shivabelli), a centre of pilgrimage, is situated about 58 km north of Mangalore and about 422 km north-west of Bangalore.
It is widely believed that the name of Udupi was derived from its Tulu name Odipu. The Tulu name in turn is associated with a temple at Malpe, devoted to Vadabhandeshwara. Another story is that the name Udupi came from the combination of the Sanskrit words Udu and Pa, which mean "stars" and "lord." According to legend, the moon's light was once reduced due to a curse by King Daksha, whose 27 daughters (the 27 stars, according to Hindu astrology) were married to the moon. The moon prayed to Lord Shiva to get back its original shine. Lord Shiva was pleased with the moon's prayer and restored its shine. Legend says that the moon and his wives made their prayer at the Chandramouleeshwara temple at Udupi, creating a linga that can be seen even today. According to this story, therefore, Udupi means the land of the "lord of the stars," the moon.

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Udupi district
Udupi district (Tulu/kannada/konkani:ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ), ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) in the Karnataka state of India was created in August 1997. The three northern taluks, Udupi, Kundapur and Karkal, were separated from Dakshina Kannada District to form Udupi district. Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada district in southern direction. Shivamogga district borders on north east side and chikamagalur district on east. Arabian sea is on west of Udupi district. Udupi is famous for Udupi cuisine originated at Ashta Matha, i.e., eight Matts and Sri Krishna Temple. Udupi is also one of oldest Educational Centres. The administrative headquarters of Udupi district is Udupi town. Population as per Census 2001 was 1,112,243 of which 18.55% were urban.
Udupi was created out of the Dakshina Kannada district in the year August 1997. Udupi district consists of three taluks: Udipi, Karkala and Kundapura. Karnataka Legislative Assembly constituencies in Udupi district are: Kaup, Kundapur, Karkala, Baindur and Udupi. Brahmavara assembly constituency has now been merged with Udupi and Kundapura constituencies. Udupi, Karkala, Kaup and Kundapura assembly segments are now part of the Udupi-Chickmagalur parliamentary (Loksabha) constituency, whereas Baindur is now part of Shimoga Loksabha constituency. These changes took place during Loksabha general elections held in 2009..

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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km²), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.

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Venoor
Venur or Venoor (ವೇಣೂರು)is a small village on the banks of the Phalguni river in the South Kanara of Karnataka, India. It was once the seat of Jainism and the capital of the Ajila Dynasty. It is on the Dharmasthala-Moodabidri-Karkala route on the costal religious circuit in the Karnataka State of India. Venur belongs to Belthangady taluq in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka.
Venur is a small town in South Kanara District of Karnataka state situated on the bank of river Gurupur. Venur though a small town was once a great seat of Jainism. It was the capital of the Ajila Dynasty and one of the most prominent Kings of them Thimmanna Ajila built a colossus of Gommateshwara 35 feet high in 1604 AD. He was a direct descendant of Chamundaraya, who built one at Shravanabelagola. Venur colossus is the shortest of all the three Gommateshwara’s within the radius of 250 km around it. It also stands in an enclosure, on the same pattern as that of Shravanabelagola. The Kings of Ajila Dynasty ruled here from 1154 AD to 1786 AD. The current descendant of the Ajila Dynasty is Thimmnnarasa Dr. Padmaprasad Ajila.

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Venur
Venur or Venoor (ವೇಣೂರು)is a small village on the banks of the Phalguni river in the South Kanara of Karnataka, India. It was once the seat of Jainism and the capital of the Ajila Dynasty. It is on the Dharmasthala-Moodabidri-Karkala route on the costal religious circuit in the Karnataka State of India. Venur belongs to Belthangady taluq in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka.
Venur is a small town in South Kanara District of Karnataka state situated on the bank of river Gurupur. Venur though a small town was once a great seat of Jainism. It was the capital of the Ajila Dynasty and one of the most prominent Kings of them Thimmanna Ajila built a colossus of Gommateshwara 35 feet high in 1604 AD. He was a direct descendant of Chamundaraya, who built one at Shravanabelagola. Venur colossus is the shortest of all the three Gommateshwara’s within the radius of 250 km around it. It also stands in an enclosure, on the same pattern as that of Shravanabelagola. The Kings of Ajila Dynasty ruled here from 1154 AD to 1786 AD. The current descendant of the Ajila Dynasty is Thimmnnarasa Dr. Padmaprasad Ajila.

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Vindhya Pradesh
Vindhya Pradesh (Hindi: विंध्य प्रदेश) is a former state of India. It occupied an area of 23,603 sq. miles. It was created in 1948, shortly after Indian independence, from the territories of the princely states in the eastern portion of the former Central India Agency. It was named for the Vindhya Range, which runs through the center of the province. The capital of the state was Rewa. It lay between Uttar Pradesh to the north and Madhya Pradesh to the south, and the enclave of Datia, which lay a short distance to the west, was surrounded by the state of Madhya Bharat.
Vindhya Pradesh state was formed on 12 March 1948 and the newly formed state was inaugurated on 4 April 1948. Following 35 princely states were merged to form Vindhya Pradesh state:
On 25 January 1950, 10 erstwhile princely states, namely, Baihath, Banka Paharee, Baonee, Beri, Bijona, Charkharee, Jagnee, Samthar, Sareela and Tauree Fatehpur were transferred to Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Bharat. Vindhya Pradesh, together with the states of Madhya Bharat and Bhopal State, was merged into Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 1956.

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Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range (Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य) is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India (the Indo-Gangetic plain) and Southern India.

The western end of the range is in the state of Gujarat at the eastern side of the Gujarat peninsula, near the border with the modern states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Reaching the sub-continent proper, the range runs east and north nearly to the Ganges River at Mirzapur. The area to the north and west of the range are arid and inhospitable, located in the shadow of both the Vindhya and the higher Aravalli range to the south blocking the prevailing winds.
The southern slopes of the range are drained by the Narmada River, which proceeds westward to the Arabian Sea in the wide valley between the Vindhya Range and the parallel Satpura Range farther to the south. The northern slopes of the range are drained by tributaries of the Ganges, including the Kali Sindh, Parbati, Betwa, & Ken (both are tributary of the yamuna, ), Son & Tamsa or Tons both are tributary of the Ganges, drains the southern slopes of the range at its eastern end.

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West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km²), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.

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Western Orissa
Coordinates: 20°35′N 84°28′E / 20.58°N 84.47°E / 20.58; 84.47
Western Orissa, also referred as Kosal is a territory in western part of Orissa, India, extending from the Kalahandi district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the northwest. Western Orissa includes the districts of Balangir, Bargarh, Boudh, Deogarh, Jharsuguda, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Sambalpur, Sonepur, Sundargarh, and Aathamallik Sub-division of Angul Dist. During the Chauhan rule this land was also known as Hirakhand, literal meaning in English is the land of Diamonds. Their kingdom comprised all the present districts of Western Orissa except the dist of Kalahandi.
Prior to the 5th century, Dakshin Kosal was one of the several names by which this region was known. It is a vast geographical area, exhibiting a great degree of cultural uniformity in terms of demography and life-style.
This geographical area is also recognised by state government of Orissa as the area under Western Orissa development council (WODC). The Sonepur, Balangir, Nuapada, and Kalahandi districts of this region are also part of the Kalahandi Balangir Koraput or "KBK" area, noted for its high death rate from starvation and poverty. The book Cultural Profile of South Kosal depicts the rich history and culture of Kosalanchal.

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Abbakka Rani
Rani Abbakka Chowta was the Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty who ruled over parts of coastal Karnataka (Tulu Nadu), India. Their capital was Puttige. The port town of Ullal served as their subsidiary capital. The Portuguese made several attempts to capture Ullal as it was strategically placed. But Abbakka repulsed each of their attacks for over four decades. For her bravery, she came to be known as Abhaya Rani ('The fearless queen'). She was also one of the earliest Indians to fight the colonial powers and is sometimes regarded as the 'first woman freedom fighter of India'.
The Chowtas who were Jain Bunt followed the system of matrilineal inheritance (Aliyasantana) by which Tirumala Raya, Abbakka's uncle, crowned her the queen of Ullal. He also forged a matrimonial alliance for Abbakka with Lakshmappa Arasa, the powerful king of neighbouring Mangalore. This alliance was to later prove a source of worry for the Portuguese. Tirumala Raya also trained Abbakka in the different aspects of warfare and military strategy. The marriage, however was short lived and Abbakka returned to Ullal. Her husband thus longed for revenge against Abbakka and was to later join the Portuguese in their fight against Abbakka.

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Adivasi
Adivasi (Sanskrit: Nepali: Hindi: आदिवासी; ādivāsī) is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous set of ethnic and tribal groups claimed to be the aboriginal population of India. They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. The word is used in the same sense in Nepal as is another word janajati (Nepali: जनजाति; janajāti), although the political context differed historically under the Shah and Rana dynasties.
Adivasi societies are particularly present in the Indian Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Mizoram, and other northeastern states, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many smaller tribal groups are quite sensitive to ecological degradation caused by modernization. Both commercial forestry and intensive agriculture have proved destructive to the forests that had endured swidden agriculture for many centuries. Officially recognized by the Indian government as "Scheduled Tribes" in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, they are often grouped together with scheduled castes in the category "Scheduled Castes and Tribes", which is eligible for certain affirmative action measures.

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Aishwarya Rai
Aishwarya Rai, known also as Aishwarya Rai Bachchan after her marriage (Tulu pronunciation [əjɕʋərjaː rəj]; born 1 November 1973) is an Indian film actress. She worked as a model before starting her acting career, and ultimately won the Miss World pageant in 1994. Rai has featured in films in various languages including Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, and Bengali.
Often cited by the media as the "most beautiful woman in the world", Rai made her acting debut with Mani Ratnam's Tamil film Iruvar (1997), and had her first commercial success in Jeans (1998). She found success in Bollywood with Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999) and Devdas (2002) and eventually won two Filmfare Awards in the Best Actress category.
After a series of unsuccessful films during 2003–2005, she appeared in the blockbuster action thriller Dhoom 2 (2006) and subsequently featured in such films as Guru (2007), Jodhaa Akbar (2008), and Enthiran (2010). She gained critical acclaim for her performances in offbeat, independent films such as Chokher Bali (2003), Raincoat (2004), and Provoked (2007). Rai has thus established herself as one of the leading contemporary actresses of Indian cinema.

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Amrita Rao
Amrita Rao (əmrɪt̪aː ˈraːu; born June 17, 1981)^{[citation needed]} is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films.
Beginning her career as a model, Rao made her acting debut with Ab Ke Baras (2002). She then starred in Ken Ghosh's love-story Ishq Vishk (2003) and earned a Filmfare nomination in the "Best Female Debut" category.
Amrita was born in Mumbai to a Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin family. She speaks Hindi, English, Marathi, besides her mother tongue, Konkani. She attended Convent Girls School (Prabhadevi) in Mumbai, and later enrolled in Sophia College to pursue a degree in Psychology. Her sister, Preetika Rao, is a Model, Journalist-Columnist and a South-Indian film actress.
While studying in Sophia College, Amrita auditioned for an advertisement for Fairever Face Cream. Her appearance in Cadbury’s Perk Karwa Chaut ad and the Bru Coffee advertisement helped her receive offers from film directors in Bollywood.^{[citation needed]}
Amrita made her acting debut with Anjali Thapar/Nandini in Ab Ke Baras with Arya Babbar (2002), and followed that with her (2003) film, Ishq Vishk, in which she portrayed Payal with Shahid Kapoor. She became an overnight star after the success that film. She followed this up with films Aanchal Mehta in Masti and in (2004) she playing Sanjana (Sanju) Bakshi in Main Hoon Na with Zayed Khan , Deewaar (2004), and she playing Priya Vaah! Life Ho To Aisi with Shahid Kapoor (2005), and Madhvi in Shikharwith her co-Star Shahid Kapoor (2005), and she role Piya inPyare Mohan with vivek oberoi (2006). (2006) She was playing in Heyy Babyy in Special appearance in song "Heyy Babyy. She starred in Sooraj R. Barjatya's Blockbuster Vivah (2006) opposite Shahid Kapoor.

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Anant Pai
Anant Pai ( ಅನಂತ್ ಪೈ (Kannada),(Konkani: अनंत पै (Devanagari)); 17 September 1929 – 24 February 2011), popularly known as Uncle Pai, was an Indian educationalist and creator of Indian comics, in particular the Amar Chitra Katha series in 1967, along with the India Book House publishers, and which retold traditional Indian folk tales, mythological stories, and biographies of historical characters. In 1980, he launched Tinkle, a children's anthology, which was started under Rang Rekha Features, India's first comic and cartoon syndicate, that lasted till 1998, with him as the Managing Director.
Today, Amar Chitra Katha, sells about three million comic books a year, in English and more than 20 Indian languages, and has sold about 100 million copies since its inception in 1967 by Anant Pai, and in 2007 was taken over by ACK Media.
Born in Karkala, Karnataka to Venkataraya and Susheela Pai, he lost his parents at the age of two. At the age of twelve, he came to Mumbai, where he studied in Orient School, Mahim. He studied chemistry, physics and chemical technology at the University of Bombay Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT now UICT) and was a dual degree holder from the University of Bombay.

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Anil Kumble
Anil Radhakrishna Kumble or Anil Kumble ( pronunciation (help·info); born 17 October 1970) nicknamed "Jumbo", born in Bangalore, Karnataka is a former Indian cricketer and a captain of the Indian Test Cricket team. He is a right-arm leg spin (legbreak googly) bowler and a right-hand batsman. He is currently the leading wicket-taker for India in both Test cricket and One Day International cricket. He is also the first and the only cricketer in the history of Indian Test Cricket to have taken a 10-wicket haul. With more than 600 Test wickets, he is the third highest wicket-taker in Test cricket, only the third bowler to achieve this record and the first bowler from India to do so. Since his debut in international cricket on 25 April 1990, he has taken 619 Test wickets and 337 ODI wickets.
Kumble was appointed as the captain of the Indian Test cricket team on 8 November 2007. He succeeded his state team mate Rahul Dravid, who resigned as the captain in September 2007. His first series as captain of Indian Test team was a three-match series against Pakistan which was played in India. The team won that series by 1–0.

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Anushka Shetty
Anushka Shetty (born on 7 November 1981 as Sweety Shetty) is an Indian film actress who works mainly in the Telugu and Tamil film industries. She debuted in the 2005 Telugu film Super and rose to fame following her performance in Vikramarkudu (2006). After starring in a series of high-budget productions alongside leading Telegu and Tamil actors, she went on to became one of Telegu and Tamil cinema's leading actresses in the successive years, while receiving high critical acclaim for her portrayal of the titular character in Arundhati, and as Saroja in Vedam, which fetched her two Filmfare, one Nandi and two CineMAA Awards.
Anushka Shetty was born as Sweety Shetty on 7 November 1981 in Mangalore. Shetty is an ethnic Bunt hailing from the landed Bellipady Uramalu Guthu family. Her parents are Prafulla and A.N. Vittal Shetty. She has two brothers Gunaranjan Shetty and Sai Ramesh Shetty who is a cosmetic surgeon. She attended her schooling in Bangalore. She did her Bachelor of Computer Applications at Mount Carmel College, Bangalore. She was also a Yoga Instructor and has trained under yoga guru Bharat Thakur.

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Aravind Adiga
Aravind Adiga (Kannada: ಅರವಿಂದ ಅಡಿಗ, born 23 October 1974) is an Indian writer and journalist. His debut novel, The White Tiger, won the 2008 Man Booker Prize.
Aravind Adiga was born in Madras (now Chennai) on 23 October 1974 to Dr. K. Madhava Adiga and Usha Adiga, Kannadigas both of whom hailed from Mangalore. His paternal grandfather was the late K. Suryanarayana Adiga, former chairman of Karnataka bank. He grew up in Mangalore and studied at Canara High School, then at St. Aloysius High School, where he completed his SSLC in 1990. He secured first rank in the state in SSLC. Incidentally his elder brother Anand Adiga secured 2 nd rank in SSLC and first rank in PUC in the state. After emigrating to Sydney, Australia, with his family, he studied at James Ruse Agricultural High School. He studied English literature at Columbia College, Columbia University in New York, where he studied with Simon Schama and graduated as salutatorian in 1997. He also studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, where one of his tutors was Hermione Lee.

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Ashish Kumar Ballal
Ashish Ballal has represented India in the Olympics (1992-Barcelona), World Cup (1990-Lahore), 3 Champions Trophy tournaments (1989, 1993, 1996), 2 Asian Games (1994, 1998) and 2 Asia Cups (1989, 1993). Ballal became a household name in India when he saved two tie-breaker goals in the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games hockey final between India and South Korea. India, captained by Ballal, went on to win the Asiad hockey gold at Bangkok after a gap of 32 long years.
For his outstanding contribution to the game of hockey, Ballal was bestowed with the Arjuna Puraskar in 1997 by the Government of India. He coaches hockey players of India. In a laudable effort, he runs the Dhanraj Ballal Hockey Academy in Bangalore as his way of giving back to the game of hockey in India.
Ballal hails from the Bunt community and is married to fellow Bunt Sahana.He is a father to two sons Vansh Ballal and Yash Ballal.

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B. R. Shetty
Dr.Bavaguthu Raghuram Shetty, better known as B R Shetty, is Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director of the Abu Dhabi based New Medical Centre Group of Companies and UAE Exchange. The company when established in 1975 was initially interested in hospitals and hospitality, but since then has diversified into sectors including pharmaceuticals, global financial services, retail, advertising and Information technology.
Born in a Bunt family to Shambhu Shetty and Koosamma Shetty. The Shettys' hailed from the Bavaguthu clan who were among the biggest landlords in Kaup, Udupi district, Karnataka, India.Completing his early education in his native India. B R Shetty is a trained pharmacist. He married Chandra Kumari Shetty and has three daughters and a son.
Indian-born B R Shetty arrived in the UAE in 1973. As a trained pharmacist he quickly spotted an opportunity in the country’s healthcare sector and in 1975 opened his first pharmacy. This was quickly followed by the establishment of the New Medical Centre, which also included a dedicated dental department, in 1977. In 2003, the group became the largest hospital chain in the UAE following the acquisition of the National Hospital in Abu Dhabi. Today, it has hospitals and clinics across the emirates and treats more than one million patients a year.

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B. V. Karanth
Babukodi Venkataramana Karanth (ಬಾಬುಕೋಡಿ ವೆಂಕಟರಮಣ ಕಾರಂತ್ Kannada) (19 September 1929 – 1 September 2002) was a renowned film and theatre personality from India. Throughout his life he was director, actor and musician of modern Indian theatre both in Kannada as well as Hindi, and one of the pioneers of Kannada and Hindi new wave cinema.
He was an alumnus of the National School of Drama (1962) and later, its director. He has directed many successful plays and has directed award winning Kannada movies. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri.
Born in Manchi, a village near Babukodi in Bantwal taluk of Dakshina Kannada district in 1928, Karanth's passion for theatre started at an early age. His first tryst with theater was when he was in standard III — he acted in Nanna Gopala, a play directed by P.K. Narayana.
He then ran away from home and joined the legendary Gubbi Veeranna drama company where he worked alongside Rajkumar who also was starting out then as a novice.
Gubbi Veeranna sent Karanth to Banaras to do his Masters in Arts where he also underwent training in Hindustani music under Guru Omkarnath Thakur.

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Badagas
The Badagas (Tamil: படகா, Badaga: ப:டகா:, Badaga, Kannada: ಬಡಗ ) are an indigenous people inhabiting the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, southern India. Their language is Badaga.

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Budhi Kunderan
Budhisagar Krishnappa Kunderan(Tulu: ಬುಧಿಸಾಗರ ಕೃಷ್ಣಪ್ಪ ಕುಂದೆರನ್ ) pronunciation (help·info) (2 October 1939 in Mulky, near Mangalore in Karnataka – 23 June 2006 in Glasgow, Scotland) was an Indian cricketer. He played as a wicket keeper for the most of his career, and was an exciting but unorthodox right-handed batsman.
Budhi Kunderan made his first appearance in first class cricket for the Cricket Club of India against the touring West Indies in 1958-59. After just two first class matches, he was picked to play Test cricket for India against Australia in the next year. Through the fifties India had wicket keepers of about the same quality in Naren Tamhane, Probir Sen and Nana Joshi. Joshi and Tamhane had already been tried when Kunderan got his chance in the third Test. Kunderan got out hit wicket on his first appearance while attempting to pull Ian Meckiff but scored 71 and 33 in his next Test.
Kunderan had already played three Test matches when he made his Ranji Trophy debut in 1960. In his first Ranji appearance, he hit 205 for Railways against Jammu and Kashmir.[2] His second first class hundred was also scored later in the year against the same opponents in a remarkable match that Railways won without losing a wicket. [3]

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Bunt (community)
Bunt ( /ˈbʌnt/, previously spelled Bant) are a community of erstwhile nobility, feudatory and gentry from the region of Tulu Nadu in the south west of India which comprises the districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada in the Indian state of Karnataka and Kasaragod taluk of Kerala. The Bunts claim Kshatriya descent from the Nagavanshi lineage and are classified as Forward caste^{[page needed]}^{[page needed]} by both the national and state governments of India. They traditionally follow a matrilineal system of descent and kinship and were endogamous.
The word Bunt means powerful man or soldier in the Tulu language.
There are various theories and legends surrounding the origin of the Bunt community. They all suggest that the Bunts are not native to the Tulu Nadu region and are migrants from Northern India.The legends and theories connect the Bunts to the Nāga of Hindu mythology as well as the historical Scythian people.^{[citation needed]}
Bunts of Tulu Nadu as descendants of mercenaries who accompanied the priestly Brahmins to Tulu Nadu respectively from Ahichatra, the capital of an Indo-Aryan kingdom called Uttara Panchala which finds mention in the epic Mahabharata.^{[page needed]} The remains of this city have been found in the village of Ramnagar, Uttar Pradesh.

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D V Sadananda Gowda
Devaragunda Venkappa Sadananda Gowda is the 26th and the present Chief Minister of the state of Karnataka, India. He was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Karnataka on August 4th 2011 after being selected as Legislative Party Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka. This following the resignation of the previous Chief Minister B. S. Yeddyurappa. He is the second ethnic Tuluva Chief Minister of Karnataka after Veerappa Moily. He earned National prominence being the President of BJP(Karnataka) when the BJP won an assembly election for the first time in South India in May 2008. He has served as a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for two terms.
Sadananda Gowda was born in 1953 to Venkappa Gowda and Kamala of Mandekolu Village in Sulya taluk in a ethnic Tulu Gowda family.
Gowda graduated in Science from the St. Philomena College, Puttur and then went on to obtain his degree in law at Udupi Vaikunta Baliga College of Law. He became active in student politics during this period and was elected as the General Secretary of the Students Union of the Law College. Subsequently, he became the District General Secretary of the ABVP.

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Daya Nayak
Daya Nayak (Kannada: ದಯಾ ನಾಯಕ್) is a sub-inspector with the Mumbai police force. He is currently awaiting reinstation following a suspension order based on allegations of disproportionate income by an underworld criminal. He rose to fame for having eliminated more than eighty gangsters of the Mumbai underworld as a member of the Mumbai Encounter Squad, which was created by the Maharashtra Government for tackling the increasing problems of underworld extortion, gangwars, and a terrible law and order situation.
In February 2006, the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) of the Mumbai Police declared Nayak absconding; when he voluntarily surrendered at the court, they arrested him on a non-bailable warrant. Despite multiple raids and an intensive investigation, the ACB could not find any evidence against Nayak as possessing any assets disproportionate to his income. In 2008, a court threw out the ACB's demands for a re-arrest and condemned the ACB for targeting and vilifying a police officer without proof.

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Deepika Padukone
Deepika Padukone (born 5 January 1986) is an Indian actress and a former model. She appears mostly in Hindi as well as Tamil and Kannada language films. Born to badminton player Prakash Padukone, she chose to become an actress and not pursue a career in sports.
Padukone made her acting debut in the 2006 Kannada film Aishwarya. The following year, she made her Hindi film debut in Om Shanti Om, for which she earned the Filmfare Best Female Debut Award. It also remains her biggest commercial success so far. She subsequently appeared in films such as Love Aaj Kal (2009) and Housefull (2010). While the former earned her a Filmfare nomination in the Best Actress category, the latter emerged as a commercial success.
In addition to acting, Padukone is also the ambassador of prominent brands such as Tissot, Sony Cybershot, Nescafe and Kingfisher Airlines.
Padukone was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. Her father, Prakash Padukone, is a former badminton player of international repute, and her mother is a travel agent. Her father was then training in Denmark in the sport and when she was eleven months old, her family moved to Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Padukone also has a younger sister, Anisha, born on 2 February 1991.

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Devi Prasad Shetty
Dr Devi Prasad Shetty is an Indian philanthropist and a cardiac surgeon. He also served as a member of the Board of Governors of Medical Council of India for 1 year between May 2010 and May 2011, after the MCI was reconstituted.
Born in a family of Kinnigoli,in the erstwhile South Canara district, Karnataka. After completing his graduate degree in Medicine and post-graduate work in General Surgery from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, he trained in cardiac surgery at Guys Hospital in the United Kingdom. He returned to India in 1989 and initially worked at B.M. Birla Hospital in Kolkata. After some time, he moved to Bangalore and started the Manipal Heart Foundation at Manipal Hospital, Bangalore. He has many patients and admirers in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri lanka and other parts of the world, especially South Asia.
In 2001, Shetty founded Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH), a multi-specialty hospital in Bommasandra on the outskirts of Bangalore City (Karnataka State) in South India. Apart from cardiac surgery, NH also has cardiology, neurosurgery, pediatric surgery, haematology and transplant services, and nephrology. A state-of-the-art trauma hospital Sparsh and an ophthalmology hospital Narayana Nethralaya are the beginnings of the Narayana Health City. The health city will also house a center for neurosciences, a children's hospital, a cancer research centre and general hospital. He also founded Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences (RTIICS) in Kolkata. Shetty has also signed a MOU with the Karnataka Government during the Global Investor's meet to build a 1000 crore 5,000 bed super speciality hospital near the Bangalore International Airport.

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Dravidian peoples
Dravidian people or peoples or is a term used to refer to the diverse groups of people who natively speak languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. Populations of speakers of around 220 million are found mostly in Southern India. Other Dravidian people are found in parts of central India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. The most populous Dravidian people are the Telugus, Tamils, Kannadigas and the Malayalis. Smaller Dravidian communities with 1–5 million speakers are the Tuluvas, Gonds and Brahui.
There are two definitions for Dravidian ethnicity which are generally divided between proposing that Dravidian people are an ethnic group in their own right, or Dravidian peoples are a collective group of ethnolinguistic ethnicities. The World Book encyclopedia, Volume 10 says: "Most southern Indians belong to the Dravidian ethnic group;" referring to them as one ethnic group, while the The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Volume 8; Volume 21 refers to 'Dravidian ethnic groups', suggesting the latter definition. Hence, depending on the definition and context, both 'Dravidian people' and 'Dravidian peoples' may be used.

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Eesha Koppikhar
Eesha Koppikhar (Konkanii: ईशा कोप्पीकर) (born 19 September 1976), born Isha Koppikar, is an Indian actress and model who has appeared in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Hindi films. Koppikhar married her boyfriend Timmy Narang on 29 November 2009.
Koppikhar was born in Mumbai, India, hailing from the Konkani speaking Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. She has one younger brother. Eesha graduated in Life Sciences at Ramnarain Ruia College in Mumbai. It was during her time at college that she appeared in a photoshoot for Indian photographer Gautam Rajadhyaksha. The shoot led to work in advertising as a model, notably for L'Oréal, Rexona, Camay, Tips & Toes and Coca-Cola. Eesha contested the 1995 Miss India contest, winning the Miss Talent Crown. Her modelling work gave her an introduction to the film industry and to her first film appearance in the Tamil movie Kaadhal Kavithai in 1998. Since then, Eesha has made over forty films and has several Hindi films in production or due for release in 2010. She continues to model for fashion designers Anita Dongre and Pria Kataria Puri, and is currently the Indian representative of the Italian fashion company Police Watches and Jewellery. Outside her work in film, music and television, Eesha is a spokesperson for the animal rights organisation PETA and received the 10th Anniversary Huminatarian Award in December 2009. She has a black-belt in Taekwondo. She recently showcased her Taekwondo skills in front of her master where she demonstrated self defence skills.

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Freida Pinto
Freida Selena Pinto (born 18 October 1984) is an Indian actress and model best known for her portrayal of Latika in the 2008 Academy Award winning film Slumdog Millionaire, for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. After the success of the film she went on to star in the films such as You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger, Miral—in which she played the title character—and the box-office hit Rise of the Planet of the Apes.
Pinto was born into a Mangalorean Catholic family in Mumbai, which she still refers to as Bombay out of habit. Her surname is of Portuguese origin as the result of her ancestors' conversion to Catholicism by missionaries. Her mother, Sylvia, is the principal of St. John's Universal High School (Goregaon), and her father, Frederick, is a senior branch manager at the Bank of Baroda. She has an elder sister, Sharon, who is an associate producer for the NDTV news channel. Pinto dreamed of becoming an actress since she was five years old. When Freida was ten, Sushmita Sen won Miss Universe 1994, which turned out to be a defining point in Freida's life. She studied at Carmel of St. Joseph School in Malad, Mumbai and completed a degree in arts with a major in English Literature, and minors in Psychology and Economics, from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. She had also acted in plays and amateur theatre while attending St. Xavier's. She later joined Elite Model Management and modelled for two and a half years.

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Ganesh Hegde
Ganesh Hegde is an Indian singer, performer, video director and Bollywood choreographer.
Born in Mumbai. His parents are Harish Subbaiah Hegde and Vidya Hegde,^{[citation needed]} Hegde is best known for his work in the Oscar-nominated film Lagaan and for his musical numbers in Company. Ganesh has choreographed many stage shows, namely Temptations 2004, the Bollywood rock concert which toured America with huge stars such as Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukherjee, Preity Zinta, Saif Ali Khan and Arjun Rampal.

He has been associated with the Zee Cine Awards since conception and has been choreographing the Filmfare Awards for the past decade.
Hegde's famous choreographed sequences include "It's Magic" from Koi Mil Gaya, "Dum" from Dum, and "Main Hoon Don" from Don - The Chase Begins Again.
Hegde is responsible for giving birth to the item number and item gal concept with songs like:
Hegde started a trend for the music video type execution in movies with Kambakht Ishq (Pyar Tune Kya Kiya) and Khallas (Company)

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Genelia D'Souza
Genelia D'Souza (born 5th August, 1987) is an Indian film actress, model, and host. She has appeared in Telugu, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam language films. After gaining wide attention in a Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan, D'Souza began her acting career with Tujhe Meri Kasam in 2003. She was recognized for her role in Boys the same year, and later established herself in Telugu cinema by acting in several Telugu films during 2003–2005.
D'Souza received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the Telugu romantic film, Bommarillu, which earned her critical acclaim. In 2008, she gave critically acclaimed performances in Santosh Subramaniam, a Tamil remake of Bommarillu, and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na. Having acted in several commercially successful movies in Telugu and Tamil, D'Souza has established herself as one of the leading actresses of the South Indian film industry. In addition to movie acting, D'Souza has hosted the television show Big Switch, and is the brand ambassador of Fanta, Virgin Mobile India, Fastrack, LG Mobiles, Garnier Light, Margo, and Perk in India.

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George Fernandes
George Mathew Fernandes (born 3 June 1930) is an Indian trade unionist, politician, journalist, agriculturist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar. He is a key member of the Janata Dal (United), and was the founder of the Samata Party. He has held several ministerial portfolios including communications, industry, railways, and defence, and was the only Christian minister in Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's cabinet.
A native of Mangalore, Fernandes was sent to Bangalore in 1946 to be trained as a priest. He moved to Bombay in 1949, and joined the socialist trade union movement. As a fiery trade union leader, Fernandes organised many strikes and bandhs in Bombay in the 1950s and 1960s. The most notable agitation he organised was the 1974 Railway strike, when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation. Fernandes went underground during the Emergency era (1975), as he took on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for imposing a state of emergency, but was arrested in 1976, and tried in the infamous Baroda dynamite case.

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Gurukiran
Gurukiran or Gurukiran Shetty is a music director of the Kannada film industry in India. He started his career as a music director of the Kannada movie "A", directed and acted by Upendra. His music for his next movie Upendra further consolidated his position in Kannada movie industry. He is a native of Mangalore and his mother tongue is Tulu. He has also acted in several movies in side (character) roles and also sung several songs. He is popular in Kannada cinema for his foot tapping musical scores.
After completion of graduation in commerce from Mangalore University, Guru Kiran started performing in orchestras in and around Mangalore as a singer and a keyboard performer.
He started off his musical career in 1994 as an assistant to the well known music director V. Manohar well known music director and lyricist.
His first film is tulu( badkongi Kabithe) Mr.Shanker Bekal as camera man. He entered the film industry to be known as a famous actor and had even tried his luck acting in films. He did get a noticeable role in Nishkarsha directed by Sunil Kumar Desai, but luck was not with him as an actor.

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Jain Bunt
The Jain Bunt (Tulu: ಜೈನ್ ಬಂಟರ) are a Jain community of erstwhile nobility and gentry from the region of Tulu Nadu in the southwest of India which comprises the districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada in the Indian state of Karnataka and the Kasaragod taluk of Kerala. The Jain Bunts are traditionally defined as a distinctive subdivision of the Bunt community. They are a classified forward caste, and according to the Indian census of 2001, though not specifically mentioning the Jain Bunts, it was found that people who follow Jainism in India have the highest literacy rate, 94.1% compared with the national average of 65.38%. They have the highest female literacy rate, 90.6% compared with the national average of 54.16%. It is believed that the Jains also have the highest per capita income in India. The Jain Bunts are traditionally matrilineal and probably the only Jains to do so. The Jain Bunts have a feudal and martial heritage, and many erstwhile royalty of the Tulu Nadu region were Jain Bunts. In Karnataka, people who follow Jainism formed 0.78% of the population, according to 2001 census. However, the majority of Jains in Karnataka today are recent migrants from North India. The Jain Bunts are a minority, even among this population. However, their exact number is largely unavailable. It is estimated they are less than 50,000 in number.

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Janardhana Poojary
B. Janardhana Poojary (born April 27, 1937) is a senior politician from Indian National Congress party. He was a former Union Minister and Karnataka's Congress President. During the Prime Ministership of Smt. Indira Gandhi he had been appointed as Union Minister of State for Finance in 1982 and he continued to be Union Minister of State for Finance during the Prime Ministership of Rajiv Gandhi until 1987. Later Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appointed Sri. B. Janardhan Poojary as Union Minister of State for Rural Development from 1987 to 1989. Sri. Rajiv Gandhi also appointed Sri B. Janardhan Poojary as General Secretary of All India Congress Committee in 1990 as well as President of Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee in 1990. He continued to be General Secretary of All India Congress Committee during the Prime Ministership of Prime Minister Sri. P. V. Narasimha Rao.
Janardhana Poojary was born in Mangalore, Karnataka and his mother-tongue is Tulu.
Before joining politics, he was a practicing barrister from 1960 to 1979. As a lawyer he was actively engaged in safeguarding the interests of poor agricultural tenants and defended a large number of poor people by giving them free legal aid. He was elected to the 6th Lok Sabha in 1977 from Mangalore constitueny in Karnataka. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980, 1984 and 1989 from the same constituency. He was a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Finance from 1982-84. From 1984 to 87 he was the Minister of State for Finance. He was the Minister of State for Rural Development in 1988-89. In April 1994, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament – a position he held until May 2008.

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K. S. Hegde
Kawdoor Sadananda Hegde (11 June 1909 – 24 May 1990) was an Indian jurist, politician and educationalist.
Hegde served as a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1952 to 1957, holding office as its vice chairman between 1952 and 1953. He served as Judge of the Supreme Court of India between 1967 and 1973, as Speaker of the 6th Lok Sabha, and was the founder of the Nitte Education Trust, which went on to establish institutes including the NMAM Institute of Technology and K S Hegde Medical Academy amongst others.
K. S. Hegde and Baharul Islam are the only Supreme Court judges to have served in the Parliament of India prior to their appointment to the judiciary, although Chief Justice Ranganath Mishra served in the legislature after his retirement from the bench (as did Justices Hegde and Islam).
Hegde hailed from the aristocratic Nayara Bettu Bunt family of Kawdoor in Karkala taluk, Udupi district, Karnataka, India. Born the son of a wealthy aristocrat Kawdoor Subhayya Hegde and Irmaadi Lingamma Heggadhi, he was the last progeny among a brood of seven siblings of the Bunt couple. His elder siblings were Laxmi, Shrinivas, Radha, Rukhmini, Ramayya and Kamala. Young Sadananda was born many years after the last daughter Kamala and as is the widely held belief, being the youngest in the family was undoubtedly the most pampered. He was exceptionally brilliant in studies.

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K. Shivaram Karanth
Kota Shivaram Karanth (Kannada: ಕೋಟಾ ಶಿವರಾಮ ಕಾರಂತ) (October 10, 1902 – December 9, 1997) was a major Kannada writer, social activist, environmentalist, Yakshagana artist, film maker and thinker. He was described as the "Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence" by Ramachandra Guha. He was the third person among eight recipients of Jnanpith Award for Kannada the highest literary honour conferred by the Govt. of India. He has also been adjudged as one of the ten makers of India in the last 60 years by CNN-IBN. He was conferred Padma Bhushan by Government of India which later he returned in protest against the Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi.
Shivaram Karanth was born in Kota near Udupi in the Udupi district of Karnataka to a native Kannada family. Being the fifth child of his parents Shesha Karantha and Lakshmamma, he completed his primary education in Kundapura and Mangalore. Shivaram Karanth was the younger brother of politician K. R. Karanth who served as minister in the Madras Presidency in the 1940s. Shivaram Karanth was influenced by Gandhi's principles and took part in Indian Independence movement while he was in college. He left his degree half way to participate in the Non-cooperation movement. He worked for khadi and swadeshi for five years, till about 1927. By that time Karanth had already started writing fiction-detective novels, to begin with — as well as plays. He married Leela Karanth when he was well past 30.

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K. V. Kamath
Kundapur Vaman Kamath is the Chairman of Infosys Limited, the second-largest IT services company in India, and Non-Executive Chairman of ICICI Bank, India's largest private bank. Mr. Kamath served as ICICI Bank's Managing Director and CEO from May 1, 1996 until his retirement from executive responsibilities on April 30, 2009.
On 30 April 2011, K V Kamath was announced to replace Mr. N R Narayana Murthy as the chairman of Infosys. Murthy's last day as chairman of Infosys was August 20, 2011, Kamath took charge as the chairman from August 21, 2011.
Moreover, Mr. Kamath is currently an independent Director of Houston-based oil services company Schlumberger and Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Lupin.
Kamath was born on December 2, 1947 into a Goud Saraswat Brahmin family, in Mangalore, Karnataka where he spent most of his early years. After completing Higher Secondary and Pre-University from St. Aloysius School, he joined the Karnataka Regional Engineering College (now called National Institute of Technology Karnataka) in Surathkal for a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering. After graduating from KREC in 1969, he joined the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A) for a Masters Degree in Business Administration.

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Kannadiga
The Kannada people, or Kanarese (masculine Kannadiga, feminine Kannadati) are the people who natively speak the Kannada language. Kannadigas are mainly located in the state of Karnataka in India and in the neighboring states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa and Maharashtra. The English plural is Kanarese, Kannadas, or Kannadigas.
Kannadigas are people who speak Kannada, its variants or its various dialects as their native language. Various districts of Karnataka have mixed variations of dialects like Dharwad Kannada,Sankethi, Naddvara Kannada, Havigannada, Bengaluru Kannada,Are Bhashe, Mysooru Kannada, Kundagannada, etc. Janapadas of Soliga, Badaga and other tribes of Karnataka having rich contribution to Kannada literature have their own style. Many Kannadigas have emigrated to countries like United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Apart from native speakers, Kannada is also spoken by Tuluvas, Konkani, Kodavas of Karnataka and Telugu and Tamil settlers in the state.

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Konkani people
Konkani people (Devanagari:कोंकणी लोक,Koṅkaṇī lok,कोंकणे Koṅkaṇe,or sometimes कोंकणस्थ Koṅkaṇstha), form a group of people mainly found in the Konkan Coast of western India whose mother-tongue is the Konkani language.
The word Konkan and in turn Konkani is derived from Kuṅkaṇ or Kuṅkaṇu.Different authorities explain etymology of this word differently.Kokani language is Dilect of Marathi Some include:
Thus the name Konkane, comes from the word Konkaṇ,which means the people of Konkan.
The Konkani people speak different dialects of Konkani, their native tongue; although a very high percentage are bilingual. This is because the Konkanis are spread out across the western coast of India,and dwell in areas where they have to interact with other non-Konkani speaking people on daily basis.It is believed that majority of them originated in Maharashtra and Goa, and migrated along the coast and even inland in last few centuries due to various socio-economical as well as religious reason.They can be found in the Konkan Division, Goa, Canara and small pockets in Kerala. Many have later migrated to different parts of Gujarat, Desh region of Maharashtra and North Karnataka, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

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Kossar
"Poyya Nallisai Niruththa punaithar, Perum peyar Maaran Thalaivan Aka, Kadanthadu vai val Elampal Kosar, Eyaneri Marabin Vai mozhi ketpa" and "Pazhayan Mokoor Avayakam vilanka Nanmozhi Kosar Thontri yanna".
"Thokai Kavin Thulu nattu anna Varunkai Vampalaith Thankum panpin Cherintha Seri Chemmal Moothur". (Then captured Kudaku Nadu and Erumai Nadu and settled in Tulu Nadu with Moothur as their capital).

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M. Govinda Pai
Manjeshwar Govinda Pai (Kannada: ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ) (1883–1963), also known as Rastrakavi Govinda Pai, was a Kannada poet. He was awarded the first Rashtrakavi title by the Madras Government (Kasaragod district was part of South Kanara district of Madras state prior to the States reorganisation on 1 November 1956 ). Rashtrakavi M. Govinda Pai was the one who put Manjeshwar on the literary maps of India.
M. Govinda Pai was born on 23 March 1883 in a Konkani GSB family at his maternal grandfather's house in Manjeshwar. He was the first son of Mangalore Sahukaar Thimmappa Pai and Devaki Amma. Govinda Pai went to school in Mangalore. For college education, Pai went to Madras (Chennai). Due to the sudden death of his father, he had to return back.
Govinda Pai was also a prolific prose writer. His earliest composition in prose was Srikrishna Charita (1909) which provides for remarkable reading. His best works written in blank verse, viz., Golgotha (the last days of Christ, published in 1937), Vaisakhi (The last days of Buddha, published in 1946) and Hebberalu (The Thumb, the story of Ekalavya retold, published in 1946) have won for Govinda Pai a lasting place in the gallery of the greatest poets of Kannada literature. Gommata Jinastuti was his first published work.

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M. V. Kamath
Madhav Vittal Kamath is an Indian journalist. He was the former chairman of Prasar Bharati. He worked as the editor of 'The Sunday Times (India)' for two years during 1967-69 and as the its Washington Correspondent of 'Times of India' during 1969-78. He has also served as editor of 'The Illustrated Weekly of India'. Currently, he is the Honorary Director of Manipal Institute of Communication. He has also authored nearly 40 books on various topics. He was awarded,Padma Bhushan award in 2004.

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Madhvacharya
Madhvacharya (Tulu: ಶ್ರೀ ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯ, Sanskrit: श्री मध्वाचार्यः Śrī Madhvācāryaḥ) (1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajna and Ananda Tirtha, was the chief proponent of Tattvavāda "Philosophy of Reality", popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism) school of Hindu philosophy. It is one of the three most influential Vedānta philosophies. Madhvācārya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvācārya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vāyu (Mukhyaprāṇa).
Madhvācārya was born on the auspicious day of Vijaya-daśami (Dussehra) in 1238 CE (AD) at Pājaka, a tiny hamlet near Uḍupi. Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍitācārya who later wrote Madhvācārya's biography has not recorded his parents' names. Traditionally it is believed that Nadillaya Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa as name of the father and Vedavati as Madhvācārya's mother. They named him Vāsudeva at birth. Later he became famous by the names Pūrṇa-prajña, Ānanda-tīrtha and Madhvācārya.

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Madhwacharya
Madhvacharya (Tulu: ಶ್ರೀ ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯ, Sanskrit: श्री मध्वाचार्यः Śrī Madhvācāryaḥ) (1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajna and Ananda Tirtha, was the chief proponent of Tattvavāda "Philosophy of Reality", popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism) school of Hindu philosophy. It is one of the three most influential Vedānta philosophies. Madhvācārya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvācārya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vāyu (Mukhyaprāṇa).
Madhvācārya was born on the auspicious day of Vijaya-daśami (Dussehra) in 1238 CE (AD) at Pājaka, a tiny hamlet near Uḍupi. Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍitācārya who later wrote Madhvācārya's biography has not recorded his parents' names. Traditionally it is believed that Nadillaya Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa as name of the father and Vedavati as Madhvācārya's mother. They named him Vāsudeva at birth. Later he became famous by the names Pūrṇa-prajña, Ānanda-tīrtha and Madhvācārya.

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Malayali
Malayali (also spelled Malayalee; Malayalam: മലയാളി, Malayāḷi ^?) is the term used to refer to the native speakers of Malayalam, originating from the Indian state of Kerala. The Malayali identity is primarily linguistic, although in recent times the definition has been broadened to include emigrants of Malayali descent who partly maintain Malayali cultural traditions, even if they do not regularly speak the language. While the origins of the Malayali people are in the state of Kerala, significant populations also exist in other parts of India, the Middle East, Europe and North America. According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 96.7% of the total population of that state. Hence the word Keralite is often used in the same context, though a proper definition is ambiguous.
Malayalam, the Malayalis' native language, has its origin from the words mala meaning mountain and alam meaning land (Tamil/Malayalam) or locality (which lies alongside the mountain). Hence 'Malayali' means people from the mountains who lived beyond the Western Ghats, and Malayalam the language that was spoken there.

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Nitte Santosh Hegde
Nitte Santosh Hegde (born June 16, 1940) is a former justice of the Supreme Court Of India, former Solicitor General of India and was Lokayukta (ombudsman) for Karnataka State of India from 2006-2011.
Santosh Hegde was born in an ethnic Bunt family to former judge of Supreme Court and Speaker of Loksabha, Justice K. S. Hegde and his wife Meenakshi Hegde (née Adyanthaya). He is one of six children born to the couple. He was born on 16 June 1940 in Nitte, Udupi district, Karnataka. He had his early education at St. Aloysius College, Mangalore and Madras Christian College in Madras. He completed his intermediate exam from St. Joseph's College, Bangalore and BSc degree from Central College of Bangalore. Hegde graduated with a law degree from Government Law College (now known as University Law College), Bangalore in 1965.
After completing apprenticeship training, he enrolled as an advocate in January 1966 and was designated as senior advocate in May 1984. Hegde was appointed as the Advocate General for the state of Karnataka in February 1984 and held that position till August 1988. He worked as additional Solicitor General of the union of India from December 1989 to November 1990 and was re-appointed as the Solicitor General of India on 25-04-1998. Nitte Santosh Hegde was appointed as a judge of Supreme Court of India on 08-01-1999. He retired as judge of Supreme Court Of India in June 2005. He was conferred honorary doctorate of law degree by Mangalore University in 2005 For a brief period he worked as Chairperson of Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi. Hegde was of the view that Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was not the authority for dispute resolution between customers and telecommunication service providers. He was appointed as Lokayukta of Karnataka state on 3 August 2006 for a term of five years.

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Prakash Padukone
Prakash Padukone (Konkani : प्रकाश पडुकोण) (born June 10, 1955) is a former badminton player from Karnataka, India. Among other championships, he won the All England Championship and became the first Indian to do so. Prakash was awarded the Padma Shri in 1982. He, along with Geet Sethi, have co-founded Olympic Gold Quest which is a Foundation for the Promotion of Sports in India. Prakash Padukone's life story has been chronicled in the biography 'Touch Play', by Dev S. Sukumar. The book is only the second biography of any badminton player.
Prakash was initiated into the game by his father Ramesh Padukone, who was the Secretary of the Mysore Badminton Association for many years.
Padukone's first official tournament was the Karnataka state junior championship in 1962. Though he lost in the very first round, two years later he managed to win the state junior title. He changed his playing style into a more aggressive style in 1971, and won the Indian national junior title in 1972. He also won the senior title the same year. He won the Indian national title consecutively for the next seven years, until 1979. In 1978, he won his first major international title, the men's singles gold medal at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Canada. In 1979, he won the Evening of Champions at the Royal Albert Hall, London.

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Ratnakaravarni
Ratnakaravarni was a 16th-century Kannada poet and writer. He is considered to be one of the trailblazers in the native shatpadi (hexa-metre, six line verse) and sangatya (composition meant to be sung to the accompaniment of musical instrument) metric tradition that was popularised in Kannada literature during the rule of the Vijayanagara empire in modern Karnataka. His most famous writing is the story of the Jain prince Bharata and is called the Bharatadesa Vaibhava (or Bharatesvara Charite). Known to be a troubled and restless person, tradition has it that Ratnakaravarni converted from his religion Jainism to Veerashaivism when a less-meritorious poet superseded him. During this brief time, he wrote the Basavapurana, a biography of the 12th century social reformer Basavanna. Later, he returned to the Jain religion and penned classics in the shataka metre (string of 100 verses). His contributions to Kannada literature are considered trend setting.

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Ravi Shastri
Ravishankar Jayadritha Shastri (Hindi: रवि शास्त्री) (born 27 May 1962) is a former Indian cricketer and captain. He was an all–rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left arm spin. His international career started when he was 18 years old and lasted for 12 years. He started his career purely as a bowler but gradually became more of a batsman who could bowl.Shastri's family originally came from Mangalore in Karnataka but he was born and brought up in Mumbai.
As a batsman, he was essentially defensive with "chapati shot" (a flick off the pads) being his trademark shot, but could raise his strike rate when required. Due to his above-average height (he stood 6' 3" tall) and an upright stance, he had a limited number of shots against fast bowling, but was able to put the lofted shot to good use against spin bowling. Shastri played either as an opening batsman or in the middle order.
The highlight of his career was when he was elected the Champion of Champions in the World Championship of Cricket in Australia in 1985. In the same season, he equalled West Indian Garry Sobers's record of hitting six sixes in an over in first class cricket. He was regarded as a potential captain, but his image outside cricket, injuries and tendency to lose form at crucial times meant that he captained India in only one Test match.

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Reshma Shetty
Reshma Shetty (born November 2, 1977) is an English-born American actress.
Shetty was born to Indian parents in Manchester and was raised in both England and Richmond, Virginia. She originally studied pre-med at James Madison University, but success in vocal competitions prompted her to switch majors and graduate with a B.A. in opera performance. Shetty received her Master of Music in performance from the University of Kentucky before moving onto the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where she earned her artist diploma in opera in 2005.
Shetty was the female lead in a touring company of the musical Bombay Dreams in 2006. Shetty also acted in the off-Broadway play Rafta Rafta. Shetty is currently a cast member on the American television program Royal Pains (airing on USA Network) portraying a Physician Assistant (PA) named Divya Katdare.
She is also an occasional guest-panelist on the Fox News Channel satire show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld.
Reshma Shetty is also the face of Dove moisturizer bar in India.

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Rohit Shetty
Rohit Shetty (born 14 March 1973) is an Indian film director, cinematographer and occasional actor. His work as director include the hits Golmaal, Golmaal Returns, Golmaal 3 and Singham.
Shetty is from the city of Mangalore, Karnataka. He is the son of the late actor and fight master M. B. Shetty, who acted in some Hindi and Kannada movies. He was interested in film since childhood as he belonged to a film family. At 13 or 14, he was certain that he wanted to be a director and never thought of becoming an actor, however does appear in background roles in some films occasionally and uncredited.
He started his career at the age of 15 as an assistant director with Kuku Kohli on the film Phool Aur Kaante starring Ajay Devgn.
He started working, first as an apprentice with Kuku Kohli during Phool Aur Kaante (Ajay Devgan's debut film that costarred Madhoo). Then he assisted him in Ek Aur Kohinoor, which was never released. He also worked with him on Suhaag (Ajay, Akshay Kumar, Karisma Kapoor), Haqeeqat (1995) (Ajay, Tabu) and Zulmi (Akshay, Twinkle Khanna).

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Sandeep Chowta
Sandeep Chowta is an Indian Bollywood and Tollywood music director and head of Columbia Records in India. He has also sung some of his songs.
In 2003, he produced an anti substance abuse documentary, titled Dead End, that was entered into numerous film festivals and was government acclaimed. This was produced by seventeen-year old college student and drug activist, Tanya Khubchandani.
In 2004 Chowta invited Jay Oliver and Richard Gannaway of the world/new age musical group, Aomusic (also known as AO), to his Mumbai studio, and has since become one of the group's contributing producers.Aomusic also features Miriam Stockley, the voice of Karl Jenkins' Adiemus project, and children’s choral ensembles from around the globe. Aomusic album releases crediting Chowta have charted in the top five internationally since 2009.
When it comes to Tollywood, he has given music for 10 films of which Nagarjuna is associated with 5 films in some or the other way and Mohan babu has been involved with remaining 5 films.

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Santosh Rai Pathaje
Santosh Rai Pathaje is a cinematographer and director working in Kannada cinema. He is also known Sandalwood. As a cinematographer he has worked on movies such as Bhaava Bhamaida and Law and Order.
Santosh Rai Pathaje comes from the small town of Ajirangala Kaniyoor, near Puttur in the Indian state of Karnataka. He studied at St. Aloysius's in Mangalore, and then graduated in journalism.
After attempting writing and journalism, he studied cinematography at the Government Film and TV Institute in Bangalore for which he made a project film, titled Antharamukhi, with 16mm Kodak film. He then worked as an assistant photographer to Ashok Kashyap on big budget Kannada feature films such as Shivaraj Kumar and Law and Order before moving to Mumbai for two years, where he did a range of corporate and advertising films.
Rai then returned to Karnataka with the intention of becoming a script writer and director. He devised a story called Seven O' Clock but the interest expressed in it by N. M. Suresh, the movie producer, came to nothing at that time as Suresh was busy with other projects. Meanwhile, Rai got offers to handle the camera for two more Kannada feature films, Mithayi Mane and a black comedy film called Mata.

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Sheetal Mallar
Sheetal Mallar (born on 23 April 1974) is an Indian model from Mumbai. She won the Femina Look of the Year in 1994 beating Madhu Sapre and Elite Look of the Year, also in 1994.
Born in Mumbai, India to Vassanti and her father was a lawyer her grandpa ( Mr.Subppa Poojari & Ms.Girija)) & ( [Mr. Sankappa Kotian] & Mrs. Lalita). She was raised in a liberal household, her parents hail from Padubidri, Mangalore.
She went to Canossa Convent, Mumbai, pursued her B.Com at Sydenham College, Mumbai, and discontinued in her third Year.
Mallar was discovered by the photographer Gautam Rajadhyaksha for Danabhai Jewelers. She was placed among the 12 finalists in the Elite supermodel contest held in 1994 and worked for Armani and Fendi. She endorsed many brands over the years like Maybelline, McDowells, LG Electronics, Gold Flake, Grasim Suitings, Motorola, the latest Tata Indigo Marina and Wildstone. She is the face of Maybelline cosmetics
Sheetal Mallar was married to an Italian tennis player, Mose Navarra for three years.

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Shilpa Shetty
Shilpa Shetty (born 8 June 1975) is an Indian film actress and model. Since making her debut in the film Baazigar (1993), she has appeared in nearly 40 Bollywood, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films, her first leading role being in the 1994 film Aag. Although she has been through years of decline during her career, Shetty has been willing to reinvent herself quite often. Her performances in Dhadkan (2000) and Rishtey (2002) were appreciated, while her portrayal of an AIDS patient in Phir Milenge (2004) won her many accolades. Her younger sister Shamita Shetty is also a Bollywood film actress.
After taking part in the British Celebrity Big Brother TV show in 2007, Shetty was crowned the winner with 63% of the final vote, after an international racism controversy involving her and fellow contestants Jade Goody, Jo O'Meara and Danielle Lloyd. This was followed by a re-establishment of her status in the film industry in 2007 when she appeared in two successive movies, Life in a... Metro and Apne, with her performance in the former drawing positive reviews.

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Shirish Kunder
Shirish Kunder is an editor and film director in the Hindi film industry. He was born in Mangalore on 24 May 1973.
Kunder graduated as an electronics engineer from SDM College of Engineering and Technology in Dharwad, Karnataka and worked for Motorola. He later entered the film industry as an editor, edited the movie Champion (2000).^{[citation needed]} The editing of Farah Khan's Main Hoon Na in 2004 brought him notoriety.
Kunder then turned to directing. His directorial debut was titled Jaan-E-Mann. Apart from composing and editing the background music score. he also wrote the story, screenplay and dialogues. The film starred Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Preity Zinta, and was released on 20 October 2006. The film received positive reviews but was a commercial failure. He has worked on Tees Maar Khan his wife's 3rd directorial venture. The film was panned by critics but was declared a semi-hit at the box office. His next film, Joker, is in production and is scheduled for a 2012 release.
In 2009, it was announced that producer Sajid Nadiadwala intended to remake the film Kick with A. R. Murugadoss as director. Nadiadwala received an invitation from the Korea Tourism Organization, and after his team visited South Korea in September 2011, he signed an agreement to shoot portions of this project and others in that country.Salman Khan and Angela Jonsson have signed on to act in the film, with Shirish Kunder to direct rather than Murugadoss.

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Suresh Kalmadi
Suresh Kalmadi (born May 1, 1944) is an Indian politician and senior sports administrator. He was formerly a member of the Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament from Pune.
On April 25, 2011 Kalmadi was arrested by CBI for awarding illegal contracts to a Swiss firm for Timing-Scoring-Result (TSR) system for the 2010 Commonwealth Games causing a loss of Rs 95 crore to the exchequer. Kalmadi's membership of the Indian National Congress Party was suspended after being arrested and charged with corruption. On April 26, 2011 he was sacked from the post of president of the Indian Olympic Association. Now, after his release from jail, he has been appointed back as the president of the Indian Olympic Association.
Suresh Kalmadi studied at St. Vincent's High School, Pune in the state of Maharashtra in South West India; and then at Fergusson College, Pune. In 1960, he joined the National Defence Academy, Pune, and in 1964, he joined the Air Force Flying Colleges in Jodhpur and Allahabad. He served the Indian Air Force between 1964–1972 and was a recipient of eight medals in his career. After a premature discharge from the Air Force,^{[citation needed]} Kalmadi ran a small fast food shop in Pune and was spotted by Sanjay Gandhi and was, along with several other young people, persuaded to join the Congress Party.^{[citation needed]} Kalmadi has served in various capacities with the Congress since and is now one of the wealthiest businessman as well in Pune.

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T. M. A. Pai
Tonse Madhav Ananth Pai, (Konkani: ತೊನ್ಸೆ ಮಾಧವ ಅನಂತ ಪೈ abbreviated: T. M. A. Pai), (April 30, 1898 – May 29, 1978), a Goud Saraswat Brahmin was an Indian doctor, educationist, banker and philanthropist, most well known for building the university town of Manipal, Karnataka, India.
He was first to a start private, self financing medical college offering MBBS in India. Pai established the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal in 1953 and Manipal Institute of Technology in 1957, which was followed by a string of other education institutions including Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal College of Dental Sciences and Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. He, along with his brother Upendra Pai, also established Syndicate Bank originally in Udupi, Karnataka, which has its headquarters now in Manipal and Bangalore. He was responsible for its popular Pigmy Deposit Scheme.
T M A Pai was conferred the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1972. He was awarded the degree of D.Litt. by the Karnataka University in 1973 and the Andhra University in 1975.

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Tamil people
Tamil people (Tamil: தமிழர், tamiḻar ^?), are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Réunion (France) and the UK. Since the early BCE, urbanization and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coast of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil political states (Chera, Chola, Pandya and Pallavas) and a number of small petty states warring amongst themselves for dominance. Between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE Tamil people also produced native literature that came to be called Sangam literature. In centuries BCE religions such as Jainism, Buddhism and Vedic religion was spread amongst the populace.
Tamils were noted for their military, religious and mercantile activities beyond their native borders. Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka. Pallava traders and religious leaders travelled to South East Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Locally developed scripts such as Grantha and Pallava script induced the development of many native scripts such as Khmer, Javanese and Thai.

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Telangana
Telangana which literally means Land of Telugu people, is a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh, India and formerly was part of Hyderabad state which was ruled by the Nizams. It is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west, Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Orissa to the east. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions of which Telengana is one; others include Coastal Andhra region in the east and Rayalaseema region in the south. The Telangana region has an area of 114,840 square kilometres (44,340 sq mi), and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census) which is 41.6% of Andhra Pradesh state population.
The Telangana region comprises 10 districts: Hyderabad, Adilabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
Since Telangana was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state in 1956, there were several agitations in Telangana to invalidate the merger and to form Telangana state. On December 9, 2009, Government of India announced process of formation of Telangana state. Due to objections raised in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions immediately after the announcement, and due to the agitation in those regions for 14 days, the decision to form to new state was put on hold on December 23, 2009. Since December 2009, Telangana movement intensified and it continue to dominate the state politics and is the cause of instability in the region.

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Telugu people
The Telugu people or Telugu Prajalu (Telugu: తెలుగు ప్రజలు) are a Dravidian ethnic group of India. They are the native speakers of the Telugu language, the third most commonly spoken language in India after Hindi and Bengali. They are mostly native to Andhra Pradesh, with significant populations in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The Telugu constitute one of the largest ethnic groups in the world.
After Apastamba's death the Andhra tribes crossed the Vindhya mountains, reached the south, and merged with the other Andhra tribes. The Atreya Brahmana says that the Andhras lived on the south side of Vindhya Range along with the Pundras, Pulindas, Sabaras and Mootibas.^{[citation needed]}
Some of those Andhras who came to the south of the Vindhya mountains settled in the regions north of present-day Hyderabad. Another tribe crossed the Eastern Ghats.^{[citation needed]}
The Sanskrit epics mention the Andhra Kingdom, named for the Aryan tribe of the Andhras. They are mentioned again at the time of the death of the great Mauryan King Ashoka in 232 BC. This date has been considered to be the beginning of the Andhra historical record. Various dynasties have ruled the area, including the Andhra (or Satavahana), Shakas, Ikshvakus, Eastern Chalukyas, the Vijayanagara Kingdom, the Qutb Shahis of Golconda, and the Nizams (princes) of Hyderābād.

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Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (November 1750, Devanahalli – 4 May 1799, Seringapatam), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the son of Hyder Ali, at that time an officer in the Mysorean army, and his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-Nissa. He was given a number of honorific titles, and was referred to as Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan Tipu Sultan Bahadur.
During Tipu's childhood, his father rose to take power in Mysore, and Tipu took over rule of the kingdom upon his father's death. In addition to his role as ruler, he was a scholar, soldier, and poet. He was a devout Muslim but the majority of his subjects were Hindus. At the request of the French, he built a church, the first in Mysore. He was proficient in many languages. In alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, both Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali used their French trained army against the Marathas, Sira, rulers of Malabar, Coorg, Bednur, Carnatic, and Travancore. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them after his father died the previous year.

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Tuluva
The Tulu people, or Tuluva (plural Tuluver), are an ethnolinguistic group native to the Tulu Nadu region of India, presently divided amongst the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi district of Karnataka and the Kasaragod taluk of Kerala. They are the native speakers of the Tulu language. There is a sizable emigrant Tuluva population in Mumbai, the Middle East, and in several countries of the Anglosphere.
Though most of the Tuluva population is found in the Tulu Nadu region, migrant poplulations are found the world over. In recent times, the first period of migration started at the beginning of the 20th century to places such as Mumbai (known then as Bombay) and Chennai (known then as Madras) and other parts of South India. The Tulu speaking Shivalli Brahmins mostly migrated towards the south of Tulunadu to areas like Madras, Bangalore, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, etc. and other Tuluvas towards the north of Tulunadu especially to Mumbai and surrounding areas like Thane, Navi Mumbai and Pune where they are involved in various fields from banking to Bollywood.

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U. R. Rao
Udupi Ramachandra Rao, popularly known as U. R. Rao (Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ ರಾಮಚಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್ Kannada: ಉಡುಪಿ ರಾಮಚಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್) is a space scientist and former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation. Presently he is the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad, which is considered as the cradle of India's Space Program. Prof Rao was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1976.
U. R. Rao was born at Adamaru in Karnataka State, India. He had his primary education at Adamaru. He completed his secondary education from Christian High School, Udupi.
After working as a Faculty Member at MIT and Assistant Professor at University of Texas at Dallas where he carried out investigations as a prime experimenter on a number of Pioneer and Explorer spacecrafts, Prof. Rao returned to India in 1966 as Professor at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad.
Prof Rao started his career as a cosmic ray scientist, under the late Dr Vikram Sarabhai, which work he continued at MIT. In association with the JPL Group, he was the first to establish the continuous nature of the solar wind and its effect on geomagnetism using Mariner 2 observations. Prof Rao's experiments on a number of Pioneer and Explorer spacecrafts, led to a complete understanding of the solar cosmic ray phenomena and the electromagnetic state of the interplanetary space. Convinced of the imperative need to use space technology for rapid development, Prof Rao undertook the responsibility for the establishment of satellite technology in India in 1972. Under his guidance, beginning with the first Indian satellite "Aryabhata" in 1975, over 18 satellites including Bhaskara, APPLE, Rohini, INSAT-1 and INSAT-2 series of multipurpose satellites and the sophisticated IRS-1A and 1B remote sensing satellites were designed, fabricated and launched for providing communication, remote sensing and meteorological services.

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Upendra
Upendra, (popularly also called Uppi) is a Kannada film actor, director, screen writer, lyricist and singer. He is recognised as an established Superstar actor and director of the Kannada film Industry. Born in a middle class family at Koteshwara near Kundapura, he belongs to Tulu speaking Koteshwara Magane Madhwa Brahmin community. Upendra started his career under the director Kashinath as a writer and an assistant director. His first directorial venture was Tharle Nan Maga.
In the late 90s he broke into the scene with the extremely violent Om, which portrayed actual Bangalore gangsters, and this movie is still not yet released in CDs, DVDs and Satellite Rights. He followed this up with A, in which he appeared as Surya. Upendra, his next film, starred Raveena Tandon, a Bollywood actress. After a decade of acting in Kannada, Telugu and Tamil films, he returned to the role of director with the multi-lingual movie Super, which was well-received critically and commercially.
Throughout his career as a director, he has directed many record breaking blockbusters such as Tharle Nan Maga, Shhh!, Om, A, Upendra and Super. His directional movies like A, Swasthik, Upendra and Super resembles the neo-noir film genre where he narrates the story through reverse screenplay and multiple number of flashbacks within flashbacks and thus forces the audience to watch the film multiple number of times to understand the story.

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V. J. P. Saldanha
Vincent John Peter Saldanha (Konkani: विन्सॆंट जॊन पीटर सल्दान्हा (Devanagari), ವಿನ್ಸೆಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ಪೀಟರ್ ಸಲ್ದಂಹ (Kannada); 9 June 1925 – 22 February 2000) was an Indian Konkani language littérateur, dramatist, novelist, short-story writer and poet. He made significant contributions to Konkani literature as a poet, dramatist, novelist, and a litterateur.
Saldanha maintained a strong Catholic identity in his writings, and his main themes were the sufferings of 60,000 Mangalorean Catholics during their 15 year captivity at Seringapatam imposed by the Muslim ruler Tipu Sultan from 1784 to 1799, and the oppression of Goan Catholics during the Goa Inquisition. He was popularly referred to by his pen-name Khadap (The Rock).
Vincent John Peter Saldanha was born on 9 June 1925, the eight child to Martin Ligoury Saldanha and Theresa Saldanha in the Omzoor locality of Mangalore. They were Mangalorean Catholics, and belonged to the Saldanha-Prabhu clan of Omzoor. Saldanha attended St. Joseph's Higher Elementary School in Mangalore. During this period, he wrote regularly to Abhyudaya (Development), the school's handwritten magazine in Kannada. He was also very popular in writing and staging skits and short plays in school. He later joined St. Aloysius College in Mangalore to pursue his intermediate studies.

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V. Manohar
V. Manohar is a music director, lyricist, film director and actor in Kannada movies. He has scored music to several Kannada films. He is the recipient of several awards including the Karnataka State Award. He has written lyrics to more than 1000 songs in Kannada cinema.
Manohar is a native of Vitla village in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state in India. He started his career as a cartoonist working for some leading newspapers and magazines. During the beginning of his career, he was very closely associated with the now popular Kannada cinema directors Kashinath and Upendra. His first film as a music director was the Jaggesh starrer Tharle Nan Maga (1992) directed by Upendra.
Manohar has composed music for over 100 Kannada movies such as O Mallige, Indra Danush, Janumada Jodi, Tharle Nan Maga, Swasthick, Duniya, Ee Sambhaashane, Banda nan Ganda, Janumada Gelathi, and Mathadana. He has also composed music and title songs for popular television serials Danda Pindagalu, Prema Pishachigalu, Daridra Lakshmiyaru directed by Pani Ramchandra and Pa pa Pandu, Silli Lalli and other comedy serials by Sihi Kahi Chandru.

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V. S. Acharya
Dr. Vedavyas Srinivas Acharya (6 July 1940 – 14 February 2012) was a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Karnataka. He was the Higher Education Minister in the Government of Karnataka.
V.S.Acharya was born on 6th July 1940 in Udupi in a traditional Brahmin family. His parents were Vidwan Katte Srinivasa Acharya, a Sanskrit scholar & Smt.Krishnaveni Amma. After finishing his graduation in Medicine from the famous Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, he started his medical profession by opening a private clinic in Udupi and earned fame as a good physician in the town. He married a fellow social worker Dr.Shanta Acharya and the couple had 4 sons and 1 daughter.
Having been associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from his childhood, He started his political career in the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh ( the predecessor of the Bharatiya Janata Party). He was first elected as a municipal councillor and then, as president of the Udupi municipal council in 1968. This was the first ever victory of the Jana Sangh in an urban municipality in South India. The BJP leader Lal Krishna Advani later remarked that the Jana Sangh victory in the Udupi municipal council in 1968 laid foundation for the BJP rule in South India and particularly in the state of Karnataka. As the youngest municipal president of Udupi, he was hailed for his pro-active role in the development of the town. He remained municipal president for a period of 8 years and the Swarna river water supply system, Under ground drainage system, Town roads widening etc. were some his achievements during this period.

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V. T. Rajshekar
V. T. Rajshekar, in full Vontibettu Thimmappa Rajshekar, also known as V. T. Rajshekar Shetty, (born 1932) is a controversial Indian journalist who is the founder and editor of the Dalit Voice, which has been described in a release by Human Rights Watch as "India’s most widely circulated Dalit journal".
He is himself not a Dalit, he is the son of late P.S. Thimmappa Shetty, who retired as the Collector of South Kanara District. He is from well-known Vontibettu Beedu family belonging to the higher caste Bunt community.^{[dead link]}
He was formerly a journalist on the Indian Express, where he worked for 25 years. He is the founder of the 'Dalit Voice' organisation a radical wing of the broader movement for Dalit interests. He is also the author of a great number of pamphlets and books, mainly published by his own organisation.
Started in 1981, Dalit Voice is a periodical launched by Rajshekhar. Under Rajshekhar's leadership the Dalit Voice organisation formulated an Indian variant of afrocentrism similar to that of the Nation of Islam in the USA but it is different from other magazines in many aspects. It is notable for the radical Antisemitism it preaches and also its link to Afrocentrist ideologies. The book declares the Indian castes as nations within the nation of India. It argues for the strengthening of each caste. Rajshekhar says the strenghthening of each caste will lead to destruction of Hinduism.

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Veerappa Moily
Moodbidri Veerappa Moily (Kannada: ಮೂಡಬಿದ್ರಿ ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲಿ) (born January 12, 1940) is the current Minister of Corporate Affairs in the Indian government. Moily was elected as MP of the Chickballapur district by a wide margin in 2009. He currently serves as the All India Congress Committee General Secretary in charge of Andhra Pradesh. He is one of the senior members of the Congress Party and is a close adviser for the Congress Leader Sonia Gandhi. Moily is a former Chief Minister of the Indian state of Karnataka (19 Nov 1992 - 11 Dec 1994). He was elected to Karnataka state legislative assembly from Karkala constituency of Udupi district. He was first ethnic Tuluva Chief Minister of Karnataka state.
Veerappa Moily was born in Marpadi Village, Moodbidri, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka. He belong to Devadiga community. He did his B.A. from Government College (now known as University College) situated at Hampankatta in Mangalore city. He completed his B.L. from University Law College, Bengaluru.

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Veerendra Heggade
Dharmasthala Veerendra Heggade (born November 25, 1948) is a philanthropist and the hereditary administrator (Dharmadhikari) of the Dharmasthala Temple. He succeeded to the post of dharmadhikari at the age of 20, on October 24, 1968 becoming the 21st Dharmadhikari of Dharmasthala Temple.
Veerendra Heggade’s first major act upon becoming Dharmadhikari was to realise his father’s dream by completing the carving and installation of the 39 ft., 170 ton Bahubali statue at Dharmastala.
In 1982, on the eve of his taking over of Dharmadhikara, Sri Heggade initiated a "grameenaabhivruddhi yojane" (Integrated Village-Welfare Program) within the Belthangadi Taluk. The program included such provisions as funding for poor farmers with agricultural credit, technical training for young people through the RUDSET Insititute program, a temperance effort, and money management classes for rural women. He also established the Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) group which manages more than 30 educational institutions.

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Victor Rodrigues
Victor Rodrigues (Konkani: विक्टर रोद्रिगुएस (Devanagari), ವಿಕ್ಟೊರ್ ರೋದ್ರಿಗುಎಸ್ (Kannada); 8 February 1944 – 5 July 2010) was a Konkani novelist and short story writer from Mangalore, India. He was among the most prominent novelists in the field of Konkani literature. Rodrigues specialised in writing serialised novels of extraordinary length running into more than 150 chapters.
Victor Rodrigues was born in the Anjelore locality of Mangalore, the eldest child of four children to a Mangalorean Catholic couple, Anthony and Charmine Rodrigues. While he successfully graduated high school, the family's poverty prevented him from enrolling in a college. After his high school graduation, Rodrigues joined Simon & Company and worked as a painter, where he worked for a short period. He then sought a career in painting, after having learnt painting and art from a drawing master of St. Aloysius College named Peter. He received a job at Fr. Mullers Hospital in 1960, where he worked until 1972. Rodrigues later migrated to Bahrain in 1975, where he worked until 1995. He was married to Celine D'Souza. The union lasted until his death and produced three children—Lolita, Veena and Santhosh.

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Vijay Mallya
Vijay Mallya (Kannada: ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ; born on December 18, 1955 in Calcutta, West Bengal, India) is an industrialist and a second-time member of India's parliament. He is the chairman of the UB Group – one of India's largest conglomerates,^{[citation needed]} with diverse interests in brewing, distilling, aviation, pharmaceuticals, real estate, engineering, fertilizers, biotechnology and information technology.
He is the son of industrialist Vittal Mallya. He took over as the chairman of the company at the age of 28 after his father's sudden demise in 1983.
Mallya attended the La Martiniere, Calcutta boys school, and graduated with a Bachelor in Commerce degree from St. Xavier's College, Kolkata. While in college, Mallya was interning in his family businesses. After he graduated, he interned at the American part of Hoechst in the United States.^{[not in citation given]}
At the time of his father's death, Mallya was unanimously elected Chairman of United Breweries. As part of his modernisation bid, he consolidated the various companies under one umbrella group called the "UB Group", spun off non-core and loss-making businesses and focused on the core business of beverage alcohol.Kingfisher beer controls more than 50 per cent market share of India's beer market. The beer is available in 52 countries outside India and leads the way among Indian beers in the international market.United Spirits Ltd, the flagship of the UB Group, has achieved the historic milestone of selling 114 million cases, becoming the largest spirits company in the world by volume.

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Yograj Bhat
Yogaraj Bhat (Kannada: ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್) is a prominent Kannada film director, producer, screenwriter and a lyricist. He is most predominantly known for the 2006 film Mungaru Male, which he co-wrote with Preetam Gubbi. He was also the director of the film and was one of the lyricists in the film. The film recorded the highest box-office collections in the history of Kannada cinema and currently holds the record for the longest running film at a multiplex.
He has also rendered lyrics to several other songs from films like Gaalipata, Circus and Jackie.
Yogaraj Bhat was born in Mandarthi in Udupi district to a Tulu-Brahmin family. He did his schooling in Dharwad district. Then he went to Mysore for college studies, where he was a student of Kannada literature. He is married to Renuka and the couple have a daughter.
Even though born in Mandarthi (Udupi), he spent all his childhood days in a village called Tilavalli near Haveri District and Hangal Taluk. One of his elder brothers still stays in Tilavalli and was responsible in bringing up Yograj.

wn.com/Yograj_Bhat

udit narayan power full entry to tulu nadu in asal

...

published: 11 Jul 2011

author: Shreepathi Nayak

TULU NADU..BY jagadeeshmadival1.

video uploaded f...

published: 11 Feb 2012

author: Jagadeesh Madival

Sompa Tulu Film Song "Bolli Paradedh"

Hindi Film Actor Ajathashatru Debuts in Namma Tulu Nadu Cinema...

published: 21 Aug 2012

author: Nikhil Hegde

Games of Tulu-nadu - Mangalore

tv daijiworld...

published: 15 Nov 2008

author: daijiworld

Jumadi Banta Gaggara Seve

Jumadi, also known as Dhumavathi, is a deity worshipped particularly in Tulu nadu region o...

published: 11 Jul 2009

author: nemothsava

Tulu

The regional conference to be held at Udupi on November 21 and 22, would focus on traditio...

published: 16 Oct 2009

author: sureshmayya

Namma Tulunadu (Tulu Song).mp4

Best Tulu Song with folk dance...Presented by Mangalore art school in Karavali Uthsava in ...

published: 23 Dec 2010

author: lancyad

Aati Kalenja - Gradually Disappearing Tradition of Tulunadu

TVdaijiworld...

published: 08 Aug 2007

author: daijiworld

Wedding in Tulunadu - By Creative Coastal

Bridegroom- Lakshmish Kotekar Bride- Soumya Video Coverage & Video Editing By: Creative Co...

published: 22 Aug 2011

author: Anvesh Rai

Amazing Tulunadu/Tulu Facts (Presented By WTN)-Short Film

worldtuluvasnetwork.grou.ps...

published: 14 Aug 2010

author: samarthrb

Tulu nadu Bunt sanga

Dance program...

published: 18 Oct 2012

author: pawan531996

Sompa Tulu Film

The Controversial Tulu Film "Sompa" finally has a trailer out on youtube. we are anxious t...

published: 09 Aug 2012

author: Nikhil Hegde

"Tulunadu"-Yatra March 02,2012 Part 1

A Travelogue on Tulunadu by Mangad Rathnakaran...

published: 03 Mar 2012

author: asianetnews

Kotichennayya.mp4

Koti and Chennayya are legendary twin heroes characterized in the Tulu epic by same name, ...

published: 16 Dec 2009

author: lancyad

kambla

Kambala or Kamblā is a traditional water buffalo race in muddy waters, held from December ...

published: 17 Jan 2011

author: Karthikeyan Rajamanickam

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photo: AP / Khalil Hamra

A Syrian gunman shoots in the air during the funeral of 29 year-old Free Syrian Army fighter, Husain Al-Ali, who was killed during clashes in Aleppo, in the town of Marea on the outskirts of Aleppo city, Syria, Thursday, Aug. 9, 2012.

Syrian fighters join forces against al-Assad

Al Jazeera

09 Dec 2012

Syria's rebel leaders have agreed to come under a united command in a bid to integrate diverse fighting groups and streamline the route for arms essential to their struggle against President Bashar al-Assad. The new body, expected to be announced officially on Sunday, hopes to form the basis of a united rebel front ... "It also aims to get the situation under control once the regime falls." ... 378 Source .. Agencies. Share ... News ... Egypt....(size: 18.6Kb)

photo: AP / Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office

In this photo released by Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office, software company founder John McAfee is pictured in an immigration detention center in Guatemala City, Thursday, Dec. 6, 2012.

McAfee hospitalized after being denied asylum

The Salt Lake Tribune

07 Dec 2012

By SONIA PEREZ-DIAZ. The Associated Press. First Published Dec 06 2012 09.10 am • Updated 1 minute ago ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

photo: AP / Vahid Salemi

File - Iranian worshippers listen to a sermon during Friday prayers as an Iranian flag flutters at Tehran University, in Tehran, Iran, Friday, July 6, 2012.

Can Saudi Arabia and Iran Reestablish the Medina Pact?

WorldNews.com

07 Dec 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP / Hassan Ammar

Egyptian protesters gather outside the presidential palace after they broke through a barbed wire barricade that was keeping them from getting closer to the presidential palace, in Cairo, Egypt, Friday, Dec. 7, 2012.

Egypt's opposition to shun Morsi talks

Al Jazeera

08 Dec 2012

Mohamed Morsi, the Egyptian president, is expected to press ahead with talks on ways to end Egypt's worst crisis since he took office even though the country's main opposition leaders have vowed to boycott negotiations. The capital Cairo and other cities have been rocked by violent protests since November 22, when Morsi issued a decree awarding himself sweeping powers that put him above the law ... 575 Source .. Al Jazeera and agencies ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)

photo: AP / Osama Faisal

Local and international activists march inside a conferences center to demand urgent action to address climate change at the U.N. climate talks in Doha, Qatar, Friday, Dec.7, 2012.

Doha climate talks: US faces dilemma over final text

BBC News

08 Dec 2012

There has been a historic shift in the UN climate talks in Qatar, with the prospect of rich nations having to compensate poor nations for losses due to climate change. The US has fiercely opposed the measure - it says the cost could be unlimited. But after angry tussles throughout the night the principle of Loss and Damage is now in the final negotiating text ... The political stakes are high ... "I will block this ... "I will block this ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

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They rule the seas with aplomb

The Times of India

09 Oct 2012

Quoting from `Harivmasha' a Sanskrit work belonging to 2nd century AD, Pai states that a fishing community known by the name `Mudgara' were living in Tulu Nadu, then ruled by king Harita ... It is significant to note that Alupas, the native ruling house of Tulu Nadu who ruled for more than thousand years before the advent of Vijayanagar empire in the 14th century AD had `Meena Lanchhana' or the fish as their emblem....(size: 3.3Kb)

The Todas of Nilgiris

GroundReport

13 Jun 2012

 It seems likely that the Todas, whose fast dwindling tribe still lives in the Nilgiris, are the aboriginal race of Karnataka ... ... The Kadu Kurubas are expert woodmen ... `Tulu Nadu’, as South Kanara is called, is noted for its 1ghost dances’ ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)

Tradition adds colour to literary meet

Deccan Herald

18 Nov 2011

Tableux by the students highlighted the culture and tradition of Tulu Nadu ... Viveka Jagruthi Balaga, Shanthi Prakashana, Karnataka Tulu Sahithya Academy, Hemamshu Prakashana, Mangalore University Prasaranga division, Sahithya Pushthaka Kendra, Rashtrakavi Govinda Pai Research Centre, Sathya Sai Lokaseva Prakashana, Deepa Book House, Ramakrishna ......(size: 2.1Kb)

Light up your life this festival

Deccan Herald

21 Oct 2011

Friday, October 21, 2011 -->. With Deepavali round the corner, Mangalore is all decked up to celebrate the festival of lights, writes Sandhya C DSouza. Deepavali,’ the name itself ignites a warm glow in ones heart, as the festival of lights emphasises on happiness, sharing and prosperity ... In Tulu Nadu, Deepavali is celebrated as the Harvest Festival ... In Tulu Nadu, the first day is celebrated as ‘Mepuna parba’ ... Sweets ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)

Tulu Bhavana should depict heritage of Tulu Nadu

Deccan Herald

01 Oct 2011

Tulu Bhavana which will come up at Urva Store in Mangalore should not be a replica of any other concrete structure, but it should depict the culture and heritage of Tulu Nadu ... MLC Bharathi Shetty, who had played a key role in urging the government to sanction funds for Tulu Bhavana said that she hopes to see the building which would depict the culture of Tulu Nadu....(size: 2.9Kb)

Fervour, gaiety marks Nagara Panchami

Deccan Herald

04 Aug 2011

Mangalore/Udupi, Aug 4, DHNS. Thursday, August 04, 2011 -->. Nagara Panchami, one of the ancient and sacred festivals of coastal region, was celebrated with great fervour, pomp and gaiety on Thursday as âNagaâ occupies a distinct place in Tulu Nadu. It is celebrated on Panchami in Shravan month (fifth day after the new moon of Shravana month) as per Hindu calendar ... In Udupi ... Hymns were chanted ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)

Spirit of Aati comes alive in Pilikula

Deccan Herald

25 Jul 2011

Women hogged the limelight as they danced, participated in quiz competition, played Chenna Mane, and cooked mouth-watering delicacies of Tulu Nadu ... Though most of the women who danced to Tulu song were in their middle age, the age did not come in the way of their enthusiasm ... The indigenous food items of Tulu Nadu including Patrode, Pundi, Gatti made out of jackfruit, Moode, Thetla etc were served on the occasion....(size: 3.3Kb)

'Learn Tulu script to unravel treasure trove'

The Hindu

17 Jul 2011

The knowledge of Tulu is necessary to study the ancient Tulu script that is a treasure trove of knowledge, said Dakshina Kannada Sahitya Parishat president Pradeep Kumar Kalkura ... Kalkura said for a long time Tulu had been the administrative language in Tulu nadu....(size: 1.3Kb)

Manjeswaram MLA to focus on infrastructure

The Hindu

09 Jun 2011

C.S. Narayanan Kutty. To set up academies to nurture Tulu, Urdu, and Kannada. P.B. Abdul Razak. KASARAGOD. P.B ... "Road, electricity and drinking water schemes are necessary to speed up the constituency's development ... Mr ... The legislator said he wanted to set up academies to enrich Kannada, Tulu and Urdu languages, the speakers of which constitute a major chunk of the population of the constituency, popularly known as Tulu Nadu ... Mr ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)

Ratnakaravarni remains an enigma in Moodbidri

The Hindu

07 Mar 2011

Raviprasad Kamila. The author of 'Bharatesh Vaibhava' is said to have lived in the region in 16th century ... MOODBIDRI ... Proof ... Family details ... Special lecture ... The columnist said that at one point in his magnum opus, Ratnakaravarni records a Tulu line 'ayyayya encha porlandu'. In his Trilokashataka, the poet mentions that he wrote it at Venupura (Moodbidri was earlier called Venupura, a town of bamboos) of 'Taulavangadol' (in Tulu Nadu) ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)

Seema MPs: Don’t divide AP

Deccan Chronicle

24 Feb 2011

Listing out the number of agitations that are currently on in different parts of India, which range from Bodoland in Assam, Gorkhaland in West Bengal, Kodagu in Karnataka, Tulu Nadu in Karnataka, Purvanchal in central India, Vidarbha in Maharashtra, Bundelkhand, Gondwana to Saurashtra in Gujarat ... And most of them feel only a separate state will solve all their problems ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

VC bats for study centre on Abbakka

Deccan Herald

12 Feb 2011

Mangalore, Feb 12, DHNS. Saturday, March 12, 2011 -->. The varsity will contribute towards academic input ... He also suggested the Committee of opening a Regional Study Centre on Rani Abbakka and added that Mangalore University will contribute towards the academic input. The cultural, political, social and other aspects of the regime of Rani Abbakka can be studied if the centre is established ... Rani Abbakka has made the Tulu Nadu proud ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)

Concept of community changed in agriculture

Deccan Herald

30 Jan 2011

Delivering a lecture on ‘Shift in agrarian culture’ at a session on ‘Tulu Nadu ... In the last 2,000 years, several communities have migrated to Tulu Nadu and helped in the growth of Tulu Nadu culture ... The migration of people from Tulu Nadu to Mumbai, Andhra Pradesh and Gulf countries in search of employment has helped the Tulu Nadu in the economic development of the region.”....(size: 2.8Kb)

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Tulu Nadu

— region/ aspirant state —

Combined map of Karnataka and part of northern Kerala

Coordinates

13°00′N 75°24′E / 13.00°N 75.40°ECoordinates: 13°00′N 75°24′E / 13.00°N 75.40°E

Country

India

State

Karnataka and Kerala

District(s)

Dakshina Kannada , Udupi and Kasaragod

District(s)

Largest city

Mangalore

Population

• Density

3,957,071^[1] (2001)

• 356.1 /km² (922 /sq mi)

Time zone

IST (UTC+05:30)

Area

10,432 square kilometres (4,028 sq mi)^[2]^[3]

Codes

• Telephone • +0824, 0825

• Vehicle • KA19, KA20, KA21, KL14

Tulu Nadu is shown with other aspirant states of India.

Tulu Nadu (IAST: Tuḷu nāḍɯ) is a Tulu-speaking region spread over parts of present Karnataka and Kerala States of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and the northern parts of the Kasaragod district of Kerala up to the Payaswini River.^[1] Mangalore (Kudla), Udupi (Odipu) and Kasaragod (Kasrodu) are its important cities.

1 Demographics
2 Population
3 Language
4 Geography
5 Climate
6 History
7 Culture
8 Economy
9 Education
10 Demand for a separate Tulu Nadu state
11 Notable people
12 See also
13 Citations
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links

Demographics [link]

According to Census of India 2001, the population of this region was 3,005,898.^[1]

Population [link]

The majority of the population in Tulu Nadu are Tuluvas. Other ethnic groups who settled here include Konkanass, and Bearys.

Language [link]

Tulu is spoken by the vast overwhelming majority of the populace. Konkani speakers constitute the second largest followed by speakers of Beary bashe.

Geography [link]

Tulu Nadu lies along the Konkan Coast.^[4] Tulu Nadu is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea and on the east by the Western Ghats. Tulu Nadu spans an area of 8,441 km² (3,259 sq mi), roughly 4.4 per cent of the total geographical area of present-day Karnataka.

Climate [link]

Tulu Nadu also experience heavy rainfalls during Monsoon season. The coastal area of Tulu Nadu is very rich with respect to rainforests and backwaters. The region has a tropical climate; summer and winter months experience similar temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 33 °C.

History [link]

Main article: History of Tulu Nadu

Landscape of a Tulu Nadu village

During the birth of Christ, Tulu Nadu was inhabited by a people referred to as the Konkilankocar or Kōcar in Sangam period works.^[5] These are believed to be the same people as the Satyaputras of the Asokan inscriptions.^[5]

Historically, Tulu Nadu included the two separate lands of Haiva and Tuluva. The Ballal Kings of Sullia had ruled this area around 1100 years back. The Bunt Brahmin migration to Tulunadu might have happened during the lifetime of the Kadamba king Mayuravarma at 345 AD. Madhvacharya in the 13th century built the eight monasteries (Matha) in Udupi.

During the rule of Vijayanagara Tulu nadu was administered in two parts – Mangaluru Rajya and Barakuru Rajya. Tulunad was the original homeland of the dynasty that founded the Vijayanagar Empire based in eastern Karnataka. Tulu Nadu was governed by feudatories of the Vijayanagara Empire until the 17th century. The longest reigning dynasty of Tulu Nadu was the Alupas. They were the feudatories of the prominent dynasties of Karnataka. The Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi was the earliest, under which the Alupas flourished. Later the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, Chalukyas of Badami, Chalukyas of Kalyani, Hoysalas of Durasamudra and Rayas of Vijayanagara were the overlords. The Alupas, however, were independent and their subordination was nominal at best. They ruled until the Vijayanagara kings totally dominated the Tulu Nadu from 14th to the 17th centuries. The region became extremely prosperous during Vijayanagara period with Barkur and Mangalore gaining importance. After the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Keladi Nayakas of Ikkeri controlled much of Tulu Nadu.

A typical house in Tulu Nadu, with the roof constructed using Mangalore tiles

Over the following many centuries, more ethnic groups migrated to the area. Konkanis and Goud Saraswat Brahmins arrived by sea, as Mangalore was a major port that served not only the Portuguese but also the Arabs for maritime trades. Jains were already a prominent group and even today are uniquely preserved in Tulu Nadu. Though small in number, the Jains left behind indelible reminders of their glory with temples (bastis) in (Moodabidri) and monolithic statues of Bahubali in Karkala, Venoor and Dharmasthala. In the 16th century there was a large influx of Catholics to Tulu Nadu from Goa. They built excellent educational institutes and contributed to the development of education in the region. The Muslim community of Tulu Nadu were basically Arab traders who married local women and settled there. Some of them speak the Beary language, which is a mix of Tulu and Malayalam and others speak Urdu.

Under Portugal, the region was called the Missao do Sul (Mission of the South).In the 18th, it was conquered by Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore. After the British defeated Haidar's successor Tipu Sultan in 1799, the region was attached to the Madras Presidency before being reverted to the state of Mysore in the aftermath of independence. Mysore has since been renamed Karnataka. At the end of 18th century, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan controlled the region. Mangalore played a prominent role in Tipu’s battles with the British. The British gained full control in 1801, after Tipu's death in 1799. The British ruled the region with Madras (now Chennai) as its headquarters. Tipu conquered the region and the British conquered it from him. Under the British, the region was organised into the districts of North Canara and South Canara respectively.

When the states were reorganised on linguistic basis in the 1956, Tulu Nadu (South Canara) which was earlier part of Madras Presidency and North Canara which was part of Bombay Presidency became part of the newly formed Mysore state, which was later renamed as Karnataka. Kasargod became part of the newly formed state of Kerala.

Culture [link]

Monolith of Bahubali in Venur

A Yakshagana artist portraying a rakshasa (demon)

Monolith of Bahubali in Karkala

Chaturmukha Basadi, Karkala

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodabidri

The Yakshagana is a night-long dance and drama performance practised in Tulu Nadu with great fanfare.^[6]^[7] Piliyesa is a unique form of folk dance in the region fascinating the young and the old alike, which is performed during Marnemi (as Dussehra is called in Tulu) and Krishna Janmashtami.^[8] Karadi Vesha (Bear Dance) is one more popular dance performed during Dasara in Tulu Nadu.^[9] Bhuta Kola (Spirit worship), which is usually done at night is practised here. Kambala (Buffalo race) is conducted in water filled paddy fields. Korikatta (Cockfight) is another favourite sport for the people. To its supporters, cockfight, an ancient sport involving a fight between specially reared fowls held at the temples precincts in northern parts of Kasaragod, is not a blood sport but a feature of the rich cultural heritage of Tulunadu and an ancient ritual associated with the ‘daivasthanams’ (temples) here.^[10] . Nagaradhane (Snake worship) is practised in the Tulu Nadu according to the popular belief of the Naga Devatha to go underground and guard the species on the top.^[11]

Tulu is a Dravidian language of India with over three million speakers. Most of its speakers are native to the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the west of the state of Karnataka and Kasargod district of northern Kerala. Besides Tulu, Kannada (by virtue of it being the state language) and Konkani are also widely spoken in the area. Also, a sizeable population of Muslims are Bearys who speak Beary bashe. The Tulu speakers are known as Tuluvas. The Tulu script, also known as the Tigalari script, bears partial similarity to the Malayalam script. It was used by Tuluvas for centuries, before it was eventually supplanted by the Kannada script. Most Tulu classics are in Tulu script, with a few in other scripts. This script was used by Brahmins.^[12] Udupi cuisine is popular across South India, mostly due to Udupi restaurants, which are primarily vegetarian. Apart from Southern India, there are famous Udupi Hotels in Mumbai and New Delhi too.

Economy [link]

Historically, Tulu Nadu was primarily dependent on agriculture and fishing. The main crops grown were rice, Bengal gram, horse gram, vegetables and fruits. Plantation crops like coconut, areca nut, cocoa, cashew nut, and pepper are also grown. In the early 20th century, the Mangalore tile industry, cashew nut processing, and the banking industry grew substantially. Tulu Nadu is called "the cradle of Indian banking." Five major banks of India (Syndicate Bank, Canara Bank, Corporation Bank, Vijaya Bank and Karnataka Bank) have their origins here. In the early part of the 21st century the area has been transforming itself into a hub of the information technology and medical services industries. This is due to the excellent educational facilities and hospitals available in Tulu Nadu, covering all fields, and the abundance of skilled workers. There has been large-scale decline in agriculture and related industries due to the non-availability of labour and preference for white-collar jobs. Agricultural land is being converted to commercial and real estate properties, and environmental pollution is increasing drastically due to large-scale deforestation and increase in automobile use. A public sector petroleum refinery (MRPL) was established in the 1990s. Some chemical plants (e.g., fertilizers and pesticides) have been established. Tulu Nadu contributes the second highest revenue to Karnataka state after the city of Bangalore. This region has an international airport at Mangalore which is well connected to the rest of India and middle eastern countries. New Mangalore port (NMPT) is one of the major port of India is located at Panambur, Mangalore.

Education [link]

Tulu Nadu is the most prominent Educational Hub on the western coast of India. There are hundreds of professional colleges in Tulu Nadu. Thousands of students from all over India and countries abroad study in these institutions. Mangalore and Manipal are the major cities that accommodate these students. National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK, Surathkal) is ranked as the best engineering college in Karnataka and is one among the top ten engineering colleges of India. KMC Manipal is one among the top ten Medical Colleges in India and stands at sixth position^[13]^[14]

Demand for a separate Tulu Nadu state [link]

In the post-independence era and following the Reorganisation of States, the Tuluvas began demanding official language status for Tulu and a separate state named Tulu Nadu for themselves. Though a bit subdued in between, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organisations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across the towns of Tulu Nadu (like Mangalore, Udupi, etc.) to voice their demands.^[15]^[16]

Notable people [link]

V. S. Acharya — Higher education minister in the Karnataka state government
Aravind Adiga — Writer and journalist who won the Booker Prize in 2008
Gopalakrishna Adiga — Kannada poet
Ashish Kumar Ballal — Former captain of the Indian National Hockey team
Yograj Bhat — Kannada cinema film director, producer, screenwriter and a lyricist
Sandeep Chowta — Bollywood and Tollywood music director, head of Columbia Records in India
Genelia D'Souza — Bollywood actress
Guru Dutt — Film director, producer and actor.
George Fernandes — Former Railway and Defence Minister
Bannanje Govindacharya — Madhava scholar
Gurukiran — Singer, music director in the Kannada film industry
Ganesh Hegde — Singer, performer, video director and Bollywood choreographer
K. S. Hegde — Former Speaker of Lok Sabha and Supreme Court Judge
Nitte Santosh Hegde — Former justice of the Supreme Court Of India, former Solicitor General of India, and Lokayukta (ombudsman) for Karnataka State of India from 2006–2011
Veerendra Heggade — Philanthropist and the Dharmadhikari (hereditary administrator) of the Dharmasthala Temple
Suresh Kalmadi — Politician and senior sports administrator
K. V. Kamath — Chairman of Infosys Limited
M. V. Kamath — Journalist and former Chairman of Prasar Bharthi
B. V. Karanth — Playwright and director
K. Shivaram Karanth — Kannada writer, social activist, environmentalist, Yakshagana artist, film maker and thinker
Eesha Koppikhar — Bollywood actress
Anil Kumble — Former cricketer
Shirish Kunder — Bollywood director
Budhi Kunderan — Cricketer
Madhwacharya — Hindu saint and philosopher
Sheetal Mallar — Model who won the Femina Look of the Year in 1994
Vijay Mallya — Liquor and airline baron
V. Manohar — Music director, lyricist, film director and actor in Kannada Cinema
Veerappa Moily — Minister of Corporate Affairs and former chief minister of Karnataka
Daya Nayak — Sub-inspector in the Mumbai Police
Deepika Padukone — Bollywood actress
Prakash Padukone — Former badminton player, most notable for winning the All England Badminton in 1980
Anant Pai — Educationist and creator of Indian comics
M. Govinda Pai — Kannada poet
T. M. A. Pai — Doctor, educationist, banker and philanthropist who founded the university town of Manipal in Udupi
Santosh Rai Pathaje — Cinematographer and director in the Kannada film industry
Freida Pinto — Indian actress and model
Janardhana Poojary — Former Union Minister of State for Finance
Aishwarya Rai — Bollywood actresss and former Miss World
Prakash Raj — Actor, director and producer who won the National Award winner in 2008
V. T. Rajshekar — Journalist, founder and editor of the Dalit Voice
Abbakka Rani — Chowta queen of Tulu Nadu who opposed the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century
Amrita Rao — Bollywood actress
U. R. Rao — Space scientist and former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Ratnakaravarni — Kannada poet and writer
Victor Rodrigues — Konkani novelist and short story writer
V. J. P. Saldanha — Konkani littérateur, dramatist, novelist, short-story writer and poet
Ravi Shastri — Former captain of the India national cricket team
Anushka Shetty — Kollywood and Tollywood actress
B. R. Shetty — Enterprenuer
Devi Prasad Shetty — Cardiac surgeon and philanthropist
Shilpa Shetty — Bollywood actress
Sunil Shetty — Bollywood actor, producer, and enterpreneur
Reshma Shetty — American actress
Rohit Shetty — Bollywood director
Siddhanth Thingalaya — Track and field athlete
Upendra — Kannada film actor, director, screen writer, lyricist and singer
D V Sadananda Gowda — Chief Minister of Karnataka,Former Loksabha Member

Citations [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Census GIS India". Census of India. http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
^ "Tourism in DK District". National Informatics Centre, Karnataka State Unit. http://www.kar.nic.in/zpdk/tourism.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
^ "Tour to Udupi". Tourism of India. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism-of-india.com%2Fkarnataka-tour%2Fudupi-tour.html&date=2012-03-31. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
^ Lozupone, Beehler & Ripley 2004, p. 82
^ ^a ^b Dikshitar & Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ 1978, p. 37
^ "Yakshagana". SZCC, Tamil Nadu.. Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070817224137/http://www.szcc.tn.nic.in/07_folktheatre/karnataka/Yakshagana/yakshagana.html. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
^ Plunkett 2001, p. 53
^ Pinto, Stanley G. (26 October 2001). "Human 'tigers' face threat to health". The Times of India. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F354160109.cms&date=2012-02-05. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
^ D'Souza, Stephen. "What's in a Name?". Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daijiworld.com%2Fchan%2Fexclusive_arch.asp%3Fex_id%3D726&date=2012-02-05. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
^ "The Hindu". thehindu.co.in. January 10, 2008. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1175873.ece.
^ "Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu". Mangalorean.com. 18 August 2007. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmangalorean.com%2Fnews.php%3Fnewstype%3Dbroadcast%26broadcastid%3D50662&date=2012-02-05. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
^ "Tulu Language and Script". shivallibrahmins.com. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fshivallibrahmins.com%2Ftulunadu%2Ftulu-language%2Ftulu-language-and-script%2F&date=2012-03-31. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ "Top ten Medical Colleges of India". Tack-in.com. 31 July 2007. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftrak.in%2Ftags%2Fbusiness%2F2007%2F07%2F31%2Ftop-10-medical-colleges-in-india%2F&date=2012-03-31. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
^ "Top Medical Colleges in India". Knowurcollege.com. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knowurcollege.com%2Fcolleges%2Ftop-medical-colleges-in-india%2F&date=2012-03-31. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ "News Headlines (21 October 2006)". Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. 21 October 2006. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daijiworld.com%2Fnews%2Fnews_disp.asp%3Fn_id%3D27089%26n_tit%3DNews%2Bheadlines&date=2012-03-04. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
^ "Tulu organisations to meet soon". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 6 March 2008. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F03%2F06%2Fstories%2F2008030658140300.htm&date=2012-03-04. Retrieved 27 May 2009.

References [link]

Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra; Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ (1978). The Cilappatikaram. South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Pub. Society .
Lozupone, Patsy; Beehler, Bruce M.; Ripley, Sidney Dillon (2004). Ornithological gazetteer of the Indian subcontinent. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International. ISBN 1-881173-85-2 .
Plunkett, Richard (2001). South India. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-86450-161-2 .

External links [link]

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v t e Culture of Tulu Nadu

Yakshagana · Bhuta Kola · Aati kalenja · Kambala · Nagamandala · Dakke Bali · Koti and Chennayya · Hulivesha · Jumadi · Epic of Siri

v t e South India topics

History	Chalukyas Chera Cholas Gangas Hoysalas Kadambas Kakatiya Pallava Kolathiri Nizam Pandyan kingdom Rashtrakutas Vijayanagara Empire Kingdom of Mysore Zamorin

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Regions	Carnatic Chola Nadu Coromandel Coast Deccan Konkan Kongu Nadu Kosta Malabar Malabar Coast Malanadu North Malabar Pandya Nadu Raichur Doab Rayalaseema Telangana Tondai Nadu Tulu Nadu

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Languages	Dakhni Kannada Kodava Konkani Malayalam Tamil Telugu Tulu Beary bashe

States and territories	Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep Pondicherry Tamil Nadu

Culture	Ayudha Puja Bharatanatyam Carnatic music Duffmuttu Hindustani classical music Kalaripayattu Kannada literature Kathakali Kolkali Malayalam literature Mappila Paattukal Margam Kali Mohiniyattam Mundum Neriyathum Onam Pongal Poorakkali Puthandu Sari Sopana Sangeetham Tamil literature Telugu literature Theyyam Thidambu Nritham Ugadi Vidyarambham Vishu Yakshagana

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v t e Communities in Mangalore

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Christianity	Mangalorean Catholics · Mangalorean Protestants

Islam	Bearys · Konkani Muslims

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v t e Aspirant states of India

Bodoland (Assam) Bundelkhand (Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh) Delhi Gondwana (northern Deccan Plateau) Gorkhaland (West Bengal) Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Kamtapur / Greater Cooch Behar (West Bengal) Karbi Anglong (Assam) Kodagu (Karnataka) Kongu Nadu (Tamil Nadu) Kosal/Koshal (Orissa) Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir) Mahakoshal (Madhya Pradesh) Mithila (Bihar) Panun Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Purvanchal (Uttar Pradesh) Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh) Telangana (Andhra Pradesh) Tulu Nadu (Karnataka and Kerala) Vidarbha (Maharashtra) Maru Pradesh (Rajasthan) Vindhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh)

	Uttara Kannada	Shivamogga
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	Tulu Nadu East

	Kerala	Kodagu and Hassan

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Udit Narayan
Born	(1955-12-01) December 1, 1955 (age 56) Saptari District, Nepal
Genres	Playback singer
Occupations	Singer, television personality, actor
Years active	1980–present

Udit Narayan Jha, popularly known as Udit Narayan is a playback singer in commercial, Maithili language, Hindi, Kannada, Nepali, Urdu, Bhojpuri, Garhwali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Oriya, Assamese, Maithili and Bengali language cinema. Narayan has sung in 32 different languages.^[1] He has won three National Film Awards and five Filmfare Awards. In 2009, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

1 Career
2 Personal life
3 Awards and nominations
4 Notable Bollywood Filmography
5 Notable and Popular Kannada songs
6 Notable Tamil songs
7 Notable Haryanvi and Telugu songs
8 Notable Malayalam film songs
9 References
10 External links

Career [link]

Udit Narayan Jha was born on 1 December 1955 in a village called Bhardaha in the Saptari district, Nepal.^[2] His father was Hare Krishna Jha and his mother was Bhuwaneshwari Devi.

Narayan studied at P.B. School, Rajbiraj, where he passed his S.L.C.(class 10) and later obtained his intermediate from Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus, mostly known as RR campus Kathmandu.

Udit Narayan began his career in Nepal singing for Radio Nepal as a staff artiste for Maithili and Nepali folk songs. He sang many popular nepali folk, modern songs in Radio Nepal. His first filmy playback singing was for Nepali film Sindur.It was a comedy song for famous nepali comedians (Late) GopalRaj Mainali (Chankhe) and Basundhara Bhushal (Nakkali). It was a duet song with Sushmaa Shrestha now known as Poornima in Hindi film Industry. After eight years in that role, Indian Embassy offered him the chance to study classical music at a prestigious school in Bombay, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan on a music scholarship. He moved to Bombay in 1978.

He got his first break in 1980, when noted music director (composer) Rajesh Roshan asked him to playback for the Hindi film Unees Bees, and was given the opportunity to sing with the veteran Mohammed Rafi. He later provided playback for a number of films, the most notable being Sannata (1981), Bade Dil Wala (1983) and Tan-Badan (1986). The actual success story of his career began in 1988 when Anand-Milind gave him the oppportunity to sing all the songs for the successful Bollywood movie Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, earning him a Filmfare Award.^[3] The film also brought actor Aamir Khan, actress Juhi Chawla and playback singer Alka Yagnik to stardom. After the success of Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, he became one of the leading playback singers in the Indian film industry.

He has worked with musicians like Rahul Dev Burman, Rajesh Roshan, Laxmikant-Pyarelal, Kalyanji-Anandji, Bappi Lahiri, A. R. Rahman, Anand-Milind, Nadeem-Shravan, Jatin Lalit, Anu Malik, Jagjit Singh, Uttam Singh, Raam Laxman, Ilayaraja, Bhupen Hazarika, Shiv-Hari, Ravindra Jain, Madan Mohan, Vishal Bhardwaj, Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, Himesh Reshammiya, Viju Shah, Vidyasagar, M. M. Keeravani, Ismail Darbar, Anand Raj Anand, Aadesh Shrivastava, Arun Paudwal, Pritam Chakraborty, Sajid-Wajid, Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Sohail Sen, Nikhil Vinay, Sandesh Shandilya, Ram Sampath, Rahul Sharma, Daboo Malik, Sukhwinder Singh, Roop Kumar Rathod, Adnan Sami, Sanjeev Darshan, Vishal-Shekhar, Ajay-Atul, and directors like Yash Chopra, Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Ashutosh Gowariker and Karan Johar. Some of those films include Lagaan, Darr, Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Dil To Pagal Hai, Mohabbatein, Devdas, Kal Ho Naa Ho, Swades and Veer Zaara. He has also sung hit songs for actors like Aamir Khan, Sunny Deol, Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Mithun Chakraborty, Sunil Shetty, Jackie Shroff, Anil Kapoor, Govinda, Sanjay Dutt, Sunny Deol, Saif Ali Khan, Bobby Deol, Hrithik Roshan and Ajay Devgan. Udit's capability as a playback singer knows no bounds, as he has been magnanimously acclaimed in every kind of melody - soulful, romantic, fast-paced and recently, even pop. Udit has an extremely versatile tone which appears to flawlessly suit every Indian hero on screen. And today, innumerable awards and accolades later, Udit Narayan possesses one of the largest arrays of hit songs in the industry.

Udit Narayan has sung many songs with Lata Mangeshkar in many successful Hindi films like Darr, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai, Mohabbatein, Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai, Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain, Veer-Zaara, Lagaan, Mujhse Dosti Karoge to name some. He has sung maximum duets with Alka Yagnik. They have sung for movies Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, Raja, Akele Hum Akele Tum, Raja Hindustani, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham..., One 2 Ka 4, Lagaan, Tere Naam, Kyon Ki to name a few. Udit Narayan is best known for his exceptional vocal quality and his originality. His vocal quality often compared with the Bollywood veteran singers like Kishore Kumar and Mohammad Rafi. His voice never resembled any of the old singers. Many musical biggies like Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Pankaj Udhas and Anup Jalota believes that Udit Narayan is the best in his generation for his quality in voice and originality Udit Narayan has been hailed as the screen voice of Shahrukh Khan and has sung many songs for him in famous movies like Darr, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Mohabbatein, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Devdas, Chalte Chalte and Swades for which he won his third National Film Award for the song "Yeh Taara Woh Taara".

At the same time, he sang in Nepalese movies, and also acted in two Nepali films Kusume Rumal and Pirati. He has worked in Nepalese films as well, in particular for composer Shambhujeet Baskota. During his early singing career, he performed songs composed by Shiva Shankar, Natikaji and Gopal Yonjan. In 2004, he released his first private Nepalese album, Upahaar, in which he also sang duets with his wife Deepa Jha. At the Hits FM Awards in 2004 he won awards in two major categories for the album, Record of the Year and Album of the Year.^{[citation needed]} Some of Narayan's other private albums are Bhajan Sangam, Bhajan Vatika, I love You, Dil Deewana, Yeh Dosti, Love is Life, Jhumka de Jhumka, Sona No Ghadulo, Dhuli Ganga, and Ma Tarini.

He was in the panel of judges of Indian Idol 3 along with music composer Anu Malik and female playback singer Alisha Chinai on Sony TV.

He was in the panel of judges on Sony TV for Waar Pariwaar, a reality show based on the bringing together of a singing gharana (family of singers). He shared judging duties with fellow playback singer Kumar Sanu and Jatin Pandit of the famous music duo Jatin-Lalit. Indian Idol 3 judge, Saregama many time special gust, X Factor, Jo Jita wo super Star special judges

Narayan has performed in many stage shows in India and abroad and is the recipient of a large number of awards. These include Screen Videocon Award, MTV Best Video Award and Pride of India Gold Award.

In 2009, Narayan was considering running as a candidate for the Padma Shri.^[2] In 2010, Udit Narayan with Madhushree sang for the English independent film "When Harry Tries to Marry"

Personal life [link]

Narayan is a resident of Mumbai.^[4] He is married and has one son. His second wife Deepa Narayan, whom he married in 1985, is a singer, and the two recorded an album together titled Dil Deewana. Their son is Aditya Narayan who is a former child actor, singer and television presenter. Aditya Narayan started his singing for child artists in Nepali film with his father before starting his singing career in Hindi movies in the 1990s and also acted in a few films.

Awards and nominations [link]

Honours [link]

2009: Padma Shri, India's 4th highest civilian honour.^[5]

He has received Prabal Gorkha Dakshin Bahu,one of the highest honor given to the civilians traditionally given by the king and now by Nepalese president, by the late king Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev.

Maharashtra Ratna Award from Government of Maharashtra in 2011

[edit] National Film Awards

National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer

Year	Film	Song name(s)	Music Director(s)	Lyricist	Playback For
2002	Lagaan	"Mitwa"	A.R.Rahman	Javed Akhtar	Aamir Khan
2002	Dil Chahta Hain	"Jaane Kyon"	Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy	Javed Akhtar	Aamir Khan
2003	"Zindagi Khoobsurat Hai"	"Chhote Chhote Sapne"	Anand Raj Anand	Dev Kohli	Gurdas Mann
2005	Swades	"Ye Taara Woh Taara"	A.R.Rahman	Javed Akhtar	Shahrukh Khan

[edit] Filmfare Awards

Filmfare Best Male Playback Award

Year	Song	Film	Music director(s)	Lyricist
1989	"Papa Kehte Hai"	Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak	Anand-Milind	Majrooh Sultanpuri
1996	"Mehndi Lagake Rakhna"	Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge	Jatin Lalit	Anand Bakshi
1997	"Pardesi Pardesi"	Raja Hindustani	Nadeem-Shravan	Sameer
2000	"Chand Chupa Badal Mein"	Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam	Ismail Darbar	Mehboob
2002	"Mitwa"	Lagaan	A.R.Rahman	Javed Akhtar

Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Nominated):

Year	Song	Film
1993	"Pehla Nasha"	Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar
1994	"Phoolon Sa Chehra Tera"	Anari
1994	"Jado Teri Nazar"	Darr
1995	"Tu Cheez Badi Hai"	Mohra
1996	"Raja Ko Rani Se"	Akele Hum Akele Tum
1997	"Ho Nahin Sakta"	Diljale
1997	"Ghar Se Nikalte Hi"	Papa Kehte Hain
1998	"Dil To Pagal Hai"	Dil To Pagal Hai
1998	"Bholi Si Sorat"	Dil To Pagal Hai
1999	"Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"	Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
2001	"Dil Ne Yeh Kaha"	Dhadkan
2002	"Udhja Kaale Kawwa"	Gadar
2004	"Tere Naam"	Tere Naam
2004	"Idhar Chala Main Udhar Chala"	Koi Mil Gaya
2005	"Main Yahaan Hoon"	Veer Zaara
2005	"Yeh Tara Woh Tara"	Swades

[edit] Star Screen Awards

Star Screen Award Best Male Playback:

Year	Song	Film	Music director(s)	Lyricist
1997	"Aye Ho Meri Zindagi Mein"	Raja Hindustani	Nadeem-Shravan	Sameer
2003	"Woh Chand Jaisi Ladki"	Devdas	Ismail Darbar	Nusrat Badr

[edit] Zee Cine Awards

Zee Cine Award Best Playback Singer- Male:

Year	Song	Film	Music director(s)	Lyricist
2000	"Chand Chupa Badal Mein"	Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam	Ismail Darbar	Mehboob

[edit] IIFA Awards

IIFA Best Male Playback Award:

Year	Song	Film	Music director(s)	Lyricist
2000	"Chand Chupa Badal Mein"	Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam	Ismail Darbar	Mehboob

[edit] Bollywood Movie Awards

Year	Song	Film	Music director(s)	Lyricist
1999	"Kuch Kuch Hota Hai"	Kuch Kuch Hota Hai	Jatin Lalit	Sameer

Notable Bollywood Filmography [link]

Main article: List of songs by Udit Narayan

Year	Film	Song name(s)	Co-singer(s)	Music Director(s)
1980	Unees Bees	"Mil Gaya"	Mohammed Rafi, Usha Mangeshkar	Rajesh Roshan
1981	Sannata	"Sun Jaane Jaa"	Alka Yagnik	Rajesh Roshan
1983	Bade Dil Wala	"Jeevan Ke Din"	Lata Mangeshkar	R D Burman
1986	Tan-Badan	"Meri Nayi Bansi Ki Dhun"	Solo	Anand Milind
1988	Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak	"Ae Mere Humsafar", "Papa Kehte Hai"	Alka Yagnik, Solo	Anand-Milind
1988	Pyaar Ka Mandir	"Log Jahan Par Rehte Hain"	Mohammad Aziz, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Suresh Wadkar, Kishore Kumar	Laxmikant Pyarelal
1990	Dil	"Mujhe Need Na Aye", "Hum Ne Ghar Choda Hai", "Hum Payer Karne Wale"	Anuradha Paudwal, Sadhana Sargam	Anand-Milind
1990	Aashiqui	"Mera Dil Tere Liye Dhadakta Hai"	Anuradha Paudwal	Nadeem-Shravan
1991	Hum	"Ek Doosre Se Karte Hain Pyar Hum"	Sudesh Bhosle, Mohammad Aziz	Laxmikant-Pyarelal
	Phool Aur Kaante	"I Love You"	Alisha Chinai	Nadeem-Shravan
	Yaara Dildara	"Bin Tere Sanam Mar Mitenge Hum" "Tum Hi Hamari Ho Manzil"	Kavita Krishnamurthy, Anuradha Paudwal	Jatin-Lalit
1992	Beta	"Dhak Dhak Karne Laga" Koyal Si Teri Boli"	Anuradha Paudwal	Anand-Milind
	Chamatkar	"Jawani Deewani"	Anu Malik, Poornima	Anu Malik
	Vishwatma	"Aankhon Mein Hai Kya", "Dil Le Gayi Teri Bindiya"	Alka Yagnik, Mohammad Aziz, Amit Kumar, Sapna Mukherjee	Viju Shah
	Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar	"Pehla Nasha", "Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar"	Sadhana Sargam, Jatin, Lalit	Jatin-Lalit
1993	Anari	"Phoolo Sa Chera Tera"		Anand-Milind
	Darr	"Jaadu Teri Nazar", "Tu Mere Samne"	Solo, Lata Mangeshkar	Shiv-Hari
	Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa	"Dewaana Dil Dewaana"	Amit Kumar	Jatin-Lalit
1994	Mohra	"Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast Mast", "Tip Tip Barsa Paani"	Kavita Krishnamurthy, Alka Yagnik	Viju Shah
1995	Rangeela	"Kya Karen Ke Na Karen", "Yaroon Sun Lo Zara"	Solo, Chitra	A.R. Rahman
	Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge	"Ruk Ja O Dil Deewane", "Ho Gaya Hai Tujko To Pyar Sajna", "Mehndi Laga Ke Rakhna"	Solo, Lata Mangeshkar	Jatin-Lalit
	Akele Hum Akele Tum	"Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya"	Alka Yagnik	Anu Malik
	Ram Jaane	"Ram Jaane"	Alka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam	Anu Malik
1996	Raja Hindustani	"Aaye Ho Meri Zindagi Mein", "Pardesi Pardesi", "Kitna Pyaara Tujhe Rab Ne"	Solo, Sapna Awasthi, Alka Yagnik	Nadeem-Shravan
	Diljale	"Ho Nahin Sakta"	Solo	Anu Malik
	Khamoshi	"Jaana Suno Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain", "Saagar Kinare Bhi Do Dil Hain Pyaase"	Solo, Sulakshana Pandit, Jatin Pandit	Jatin-Lalit
1997	Mohabbat	"Dil Ki Dhadkan Kehti Hai"	Kavita Krishnamurthy	Nadeem-Shravan
	Hamaara Faisla	"Mumbai Nagariya Mein Bhaiya", "Ladki Hai Tu Ya"	Poornima	Rituraj
	Ishq	"Ishq Hua Kaise Hua", "Dekho Dekho Jaanam", "Neend Churai Meri"	Vibha Sharma, Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu, Kavita Krishnamurthy	Anu Malik
	Dil To Pagal Hai	"Dil To Pagal Hai", "Bholi Si Surat", "Are Re Are"	Lata Mangeshkar	Uttam Singh
	Hero No. 1	"Sona Kitna Sona Hai", "Mohabbat Ki Nahin Jati"	Poornima, Sadhana Sargam	Anand-Milind
1998	Kuch Kuch Hota Hai	"Koi Mil Gaya", "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai",, "Yeh Ladka Hai Deewana", "Tujhe Yaad Na Meri Aayee"	Kavita Krishnamurthy, Alka Yagnik, Manpreet Akhtar	Jatin-Lalit
	Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai	"Is Dil Mein Kya Hai"	Lata Mangeshkar	Jatin-Lalit
	Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya	"Deewana Main Chala", "Chhad Zid Karna", "Oh Baby... Ho Gaya So Ho Gaya"	Solo, Anuradh Paudwal, Kavita Krishnamurthy	Jatin-Lalit, Himesh Reshammiya
	Dil Se..	"E Ajnabi"	Mahalakshmi Iyer	A.R. Rahman
1999	Mann	"Mera Mann", "Chaha Hai Tujko", "Khushiyan Aur Gham", "Nasha Ye Pyar Ka Nasha"	Alka Yagnik, Sadhana Sargam, Anuradha Paudwal	Sanjeev-Darshan
	Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam	"Chand Chupa"	Alka Yagnik	Ismail Darbar
	Taal	"Taal Se Taal Mila"	Alka Yagnik	A.R. Rahman
	Hum Saath-Saath Hain	"Chhote Chhote Bhaiyon Ke", "Mhare Hiwda", "Hum Saath-Saath Hain"	Hariharan, Kumar Sanu, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Anuradha Paudwal, Alka Yagnik	Raam Laxman
	Dil Kya Kare	"Dil Kya Kare", "Do Dilon Di"	Alka Yagnik, Anuradha Paudwal	Jatin-Lalit
	Jaanam Samjha Karo	"Chandni Aaya Hai Tera Deewana"	Solo	Anu Malik
2000	Dhadkan	"Dil Ne Yeh Kaha Hai Dil Se"	Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu	Nadeem-Shravan
	Mission Kashmir	"Chupke Se Sun", "Socho Ke Jheelon Ka"	Alka Yagnik	Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy
	Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega	"Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega", "Dil Dil Deewana"	Alka Yagnik	Anu Malik
	Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai	"Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai", "Pyaar Ki Kashti Mein"	Alka Yagnik	Rajesh Roshan
	Mohabbatein	"Soni Soni", "Humko Humise Chura Lo", "Zinda Rehti Hai Mohabbatein", "Aankhein Khuli"	Jaspinder Narula, Lata Mangeshkar, Shweta Pandit	Jatin-Lalit
2001	Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham	"Bole Chudiyan", "Yeh Ladka Hai Allah"	Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik	Jatin-Lalit
	Gadar	"Main Nikla", "Udhja Kaale Kawwa"	Solo; Alka Yagnik, Nihar S	Uttam Singh
	Lagaan	"Radha Kaise Na Jale", "Mitwa", "Ghanan Ghanan", "O Ri Chori"	Asha Bhosle, Vaishali, Sukhwinder Singh, Alka Yagnik, Srinivas, Shankar Mahadevan, Shaan, Vasundhara Das	A.R. Rahman
	Chori Chori Chupke Chupke	"Dekhne Waalon Ne"	Alka Yagnik	Anu Malik
	Dil Chahta Hai	"Jaane Kyon"	Alka Yagnik	Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy
2002	Devdas	"Chhalak Chhalak", "Woh Chand Jasi"	Vinod Rathod, Shreya Ghoshal, Solo	Ismail Darbar
	Raaz	"Jo Bhi Kasmein"	Alka Yagnik	Nadeem-Shravan
	Yeh Hai Jalwa	"Dhire Dhire", "Chuudi Khankayi Re"	Alka Yagnik	Himesh Reshammiya
	Kasoor	"Kitna Bechain Hoke", "Zindagi Ban Gaye Ho Tum"	Alka Yagnik	Nadeem-Shravan
2003	Tere Naam	"Tumse Milna", "Tere Naam", "Chand", "O Jaana"	Alka Yagnik, Shaan, Kamaal Khan, KK	Himesh Reshammiya
	Koi... Mil Gaya	"Koi Mil Gaya", "Idhar Chala Main Udhar Chala"	K.S. Chitra, Alka Yagnik	Rajesh Roshan
	Chalte Chalte	"Dagriya Chalo"	Alka Yagnik	Jatin-Lalit, Aadesh Shrivastava
2004	Veer-Zaara	"Main Yahan Hoon", "Aisa Des Hai Mera"	Solo, Lata Mangeshkar, Gurdas Mann, Pritha Majumdar	Madan Mohan
	Aitraaz	"Aankhen Bandh Kark", "Woh Tassawer"	Alka Yagnik	Himesh Reshammiya
	Mujhse Shaadi Karogi	"Mujhse Shaadi Karogi", "Lal Dupatta", "Rab Kare"	Sonu Nigam, Sunidhi Chauhan, Alka Yagnik	Sajid-Wajid
	Swades	"Yeh Tara Woh Tara", "Yun Hi Chala Chal"	Master Vignesh, Baby Pooja, Kailash Kher, Hariharan	A.R. Rahman
	Hum Tum	"Yaara Yaara"	Alka Yagnik	Jatin-Lalit
2005	Kyon Ki	"Kyon Ki Itna Pyaar", "Dil Ke Badle Sanam", "Jhatka Maare"	Alka Yagnik, Kailash Kher, Shaan	Himesh Reshammiya
2005	Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya	"Ishq Chunairya", "Sajan Tumse Pyar"	Alka Yagnik	Himesh Reshammiya
2006	Don: The Chase Begins Again	"Khaike Paan Banaraswala"	Solo	Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy
2006	Vivah	"Mujhe Haq Hai", "Milan Abhi Adha Adhura Hai"	Shreya Ghoshal	Ravindra Jain
2007	Partner	"Do U Wanna Partner"	Shaan, Sajid-Wajid, Suzanne D'Mello	Sajid-Wajid
2007	Om Shanti Om	"Deewangi Deewangi"	Shaan, Shreya Ghoshal, Sunidhi Chauhan, Rahul Saxena	Vishal-Shekhar
2008	Tashan	"Falak Tak Chal Saath Meray", "Dil Dance Maare"	Mahalakshmi Iyer; Sunidhi Chauhan, Sukhwinder Singh	Vishal-Shekhar
	God Tussi Great Ho	"Lal Chunariya"	Alka Yagnik	Sajid-Wajid
	Mere Baap Pehle Aap	"Main Hawaon Ke"	Shreya Ghoshal	Tauseef Akhtar
2009	What's Your Raashee?	"Sau Janam"	Madhushree, Sohail Sen	Sohail Sen
2009	Blue	"Yaar Mila Tha"	Madhushree	A.R. Rahman
2010	Life Express	"Pyar Ka Namak"	Shreya Ghoshal
	Isi Life Mein	"Tum Darshan Hum Naina", "Apna Kaun Paraya Kauna"	Solo
	Four Friends	"Yeh Dosti"	Shankar Mahadevan
2011	When Harry Tries to Marry	"Dulhe Raja"	Madhushree
	Tum Hi To Ho	"Dil Ne Mere Dil Ne"	Shreya Ghoshal	Anand-Milind
	Shivam	"Khoye Se Hum Khoye Se Tum",	Alka Yagnik
	College Campus	"Dum Bhar Na Dum Lenge"	Vinod Rathod, Manjeera
2012	Agneepath	"Gun Gun Guna "	Sunidhi Chauhan	Ajay-Atul
2012	Rang	"Khuda Ki Kasam"	Shreya Ghoshal	Nadeem Shravan

Notable and Popular Kannada songs [link]

Year	Film	Song Name
1999	Upendra	"Mtv Subbulakshmige"
2001	Friends	"Thakadhimi"
2001	Friends	"Saavira Kanassina"
2001	Parva	"Dholu Dholu Dangura"
2001	Parva	"Sadhane Paramapada"
2001	Parva	"Antharanga Aasegala"
2001	Sundara Kanda	" Maina Maina "
2002	Appu	"Baare Baare"
2002	Appu	"Ellinda Aarambhavo"
2002	Chandu	"Saddillade"
2002	Chandu	"Kanyakumari"
2002	Thuntaata	" Kaathura "
2002	Hollywood	"Choo Bide"
2002	Hollywood	"Prema Prema"
2003	Abhi	"Sum Sumne"
2003	Abhi	"Ee Nanna Kannane"
2003	Chigurida Kanassu	"Aaha Enidenidenu"
2003	Chigurida Kanassu	"Ninna kanda kshana"
2003	Gokarna	"Aaseye dukhakke moola"
2003	Gokarna	"Jwara Illade"
2003	Kutumba	"Mujhe Kuch Kuch Hogaya"
2003	Kutumba	"Alukku Balukina"
2003	Laali Haadu	"Preethige"
2003	Malla	"Olagirod Horagidre"
2003	Nandi	"Kadalu Daati Banda"
2004	Aaptha Mitra	"Pata Pata"
2004	Kalasipalya	"Pete Pete Rap"
2004	Mourya	"Pilla Pilla"
2004	Mourya	"Haadali Karunaadali"
2004	News	"Munjaaneya"
2004	News	"Good Morning"
2004	Saahukara	" Maleyaaliya Pada "
2005	Namma Basava	"Andondittu Kaala"
2005	Kaashi from Village	"Yeh Kiccha"
2005	Kaashi from Village	"Goli Maro"
2005	Shastri	" Sum Sumne "
2005	Rishi	" Enendu Naa Helalaare "
2005	Aakash	"Habba Habba"
2005	Anna Thangi	"Dum Dum Dum Thavaralli"
2005	Auto Shankar	"Kacchi Kacchi"
2005	Ayya	"Ee Prema"
2005	Ayya	"Tabla Tabla"
2005	Chappale	"Enivaaga"
2006	Chelaata	"Pata Pata Pataaki"
2006	Chellata	"Ishtano Ishtano"
2006	Mungaru Male	"Kunidu Kunidu Baare"
2006	Hatavaadi	"Thai Thai"
2006	Kariya	"Nannali Naanilla"
2006	Ravi Shastri	"Muthu Muthu"
2006	Ravi Shastri	"Sangeetha"
2007	Krishna	"Gollara Golla"
2007	Milana	"Anthu Inthu"
2007	Ee Bandhana	"Chanda Nanna"
2007	Gaalipata	"Aaha Ee Bedaru Bombege"
2008	Dhimaku	"Huccha annu"
2008	Haage Summane	"Naanenu Nambodilla"
2008	Kamannana Makkalu	"Chee Chee"
2008	Mussanje Maathu	"O Hrudaya"
2008	Sathya In Love	" Golla Golla "
2008	Vamshi	" Maayagaathi "
2010	Chiru	"Shambho Shiva Shankara"
2010	Chiru	"Olavannu helu"
2011	Raam^{[disambiguation needed ]}	" Nanna Thutiyalli "

Notable Tamil songs [link]

Year	Film	Song Name
1994	Kadhalan	"Kadhalikum Pennin"
1995	Muthu	"Kuluvalilae"
1996	Mr. Romeo	"Romeo Aatam"
1996	Coimbatore Mappillai	"Coimbatore Mappillaikku"
1997	Ratchagan	"Soniya Soniya"
2000	Rhythm	"Pathikiche"
2002	Run	"Kadhal Pisase"
2004	M. Kumaran son of Mahalakshmi	"Iyyo Iyyo"
2004	Ghilli	"Kokarakokarako"
2007	Sivaji	"Sahana"
2008	Yaaradi Nee Mohini	"Engeyo Paartha"
	Kuruvi	"Thean Thean"
	Padikkathavan	"Raangi Rangamma"
2009	Thoranai	"Vaa Chellam"
2010	Madrasapattinam	"Vaama Durai Amma"
2010	Kathal Solla Vanthen	"Oru Vaanavilin Pakathiley..."
2011	Siruthai	"Chellam Vada Chellam"
2011	Rowthiram	"Adiye Un Kangal"

[edit] Notable Haryanvi and Telugu songs

Year	Film	Song Name
1998	Lado Haryanvi	"Banna Giri Chhuhare"
1998	Choodalani Vundi	"Raamma Chilakamma"
1999	Samarasimha Reddy	"Andala Adabomma"
2003	Okkadu	"Cheppave Chirugaali"
2006	Bangaram	"Egire Chilakamma"

Notable Malayalam film songs [link]

Film	Song Name
CID Moosa	"Chilamboli Kaate"
Kochi Rajavu	"Mundari Padam"
Four Friends	"Eyee Dos"

References [link]

^ Suhasini, Lalitha (2005-07-19). "Destiny’s child". The Indian Express. http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=139917. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
^ ^a ^b "Udit Narayan's Indian citizenship questioned". Indo-Asian News Service. 15 January 2009. http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/60544. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
^ "IMDB:Filmfare Awards:1989". http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Filmfare_Awards/1989.
^ Sharma, Purnima Goswami (2002-02-18). "Udit Narayan: Music is God's prasad". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1387344.cms. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
^ "Aishwarya, Akshay, Helen in Padma Shri list". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2009-01-26. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200901260321.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-26.

External links [link]

Udit Narayan at the Internet Movie Database

v t e National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer

1968–1980	Mahendra Kapoor (1968) Manna Dey (1969) Sachin Dev Burman (1970) Manna Dey (1971) Hemant Kumar (1972) K. J. Yesudas (1973) K. J. Yesudas (1974) Mukesh (1975) M. Balamuralikrishna (1976) K. J. Yesudas (1977) Mohammed Rafi (1978) Shimoga Subbanna (1979) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1980)

1981–2000	Anup Ghoshal (1981) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1982) K. J. Yesudas (1983) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1984) Bhimsen Joshi (1985) P. Jayachandran (1986) Hemant Kumar (1987) K. J. Yesudas (1988) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1989) Ajoy Chakrabarty (1990) M. G. Sreekumar (1991) K. J. Yesudas (1992) Rajkumar (1993) K. J. Yesudas (1994) P. Unni Krishnan (1995) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1996) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1997) Hariharan (1998) Sanjeev Abhyankar (1999) M. G. Sreekumar (2000)

2001–present	Shankar Mahadevan (2001) Udit Narayan (2002) Udit Narayan (2003) Sonu Nigam (2004) Udit Narayan (2005) Naresh Iyer (2006) Gurdas Maan (2007) Shankar Mahadevan (2008) Hariharan (2009) Rupam Islam (2010) Suresh Wadkar (2011) Anand Bhate (2012)

v t e Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer

1959–1960	No Award (1959) Mukesh (1960)

1961–1980	Mohammed Rafi (1961) Mohammed Rafi (1962) No Award (1963) Mahendra Kapoor (1964) Mohammed Rafi (1965) No Award (1966) Mohammed Rafi (1967) Mahendra Kapoor (1968) Mohammed Rafi (1969) Kishore Kumar (1970) Mukesh (1971) Manna Dey (1972) Mukesh (1973) Narendra Chanchal (1974) Mahendra Kapoor (1975) Kishore Kumar (1976) Mukesh (1977) Mohammed Rafi (1978) Kishore Kumar (1979) K. J. Yesudas (1980)

1981–2000	Kishore Kumar (1981) Amit Kumar (1982) Kishore Kumar (1983) Kishore Kumar (1984) Kishore Kumar (1985) Kishore Kumar (1986) No Award (1987) No Award (1988) Udit Narayan (1989) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (1990) Kumar Sanu (1991) Kumar Sanu (1992) Kumar Sanu (1993) Kumar Sanu (1994) Kumar Sanu (1995) Udit Narayan (1996) Udit Narayan (1997) Abhijeet (1998) Sukhwinder Singh (1999) Udit Narayan (2000)

2001–present	Lucky Ali (2001) Udit Narayan (2002) Sonu Nigam (2003) Sonu Nigam (2004) Kunal Ganjawala (2005) Himesh Reshammiya (2006) Shaan and Kailash Kher (2007) Shaan (2008) Sukhwinder Singh (2009) Mohit Chauhan (2010) Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (2011) Mohit Chauhan (2012)

Persondata
Name	Narayan, Udit
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1955
Place of birth	Saptari District, Nepal
Date of death
Place of death

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Contents

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Contents

[edit] National Film Awards

[edit] Filmfare Awards

[edit] Star Screen Awards

[edit] Zee Cine Awards

[edit] IIFA Awards

[edit] Bollywood Movie Awards

[edit] Notable Haryanvi and Telugu songs

Related pages: