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Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi ( , literally Father of deer) is the capital and the second largest city in the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. The city proper, making up an area of
http://wn.com/Abu_Dhabi -
Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Afghanistan -
Amman
http://wn.com/Amman -
An Giang province
http://wn.com/An_Giang_province -
Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
http://wn.com/Ankara -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Ashgabat
http://wn.com/Ashgabat -
Astana
http://wn.com/Astana -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Ba Vi
http://wn.com/Ba_Vi -
Bac Lieu province
http://wn.com/Bac_Lieu_province -
Bac Ninh province
http://wn.com/Bac_Ninh_province -
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
http://wn.com/Baghdad -
Bahrain
Bahrain, officially Kingdom of Bahrain (, , literally: "Kingdom of the Two Seas"), is a small island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. While Bahrain is an archipelago of thirty-three islands, the largest (Bahrain Island) is long by wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain via the King Fahd Causeway, which was officially opened on 25 November 1986. Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Bahrain -
Baku
Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
http://wn.com/Baku -
Bandar Seri Begawan
http://wn.com/Bandar_Seri_Begawan -
Bangkok
http://wn.com/Bangkok -
Bangladesh
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Beijing
{| style="float:right;"
http://wn.com/Beijing -
Beirut
http://wn.com/Beirut -
Ben Tre province
http://wn.com/Ben_Tre_province -
Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan () (Dzongkha: ; Wylie: '' 'drug yul; Tibetan pinyin: ''), is a small landlocked country in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China . Bhutan is separated from the nearby state of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by West Bengal.
http://wn.com/Bhutan -
Binh Dinh province
http://wn.com/Binh_Dinh_province -
Binh Duong province
http://wn.com/Binh_Duong_province -
Binh Phuoc province
http://wn.com/Binh_Phuoc_province -
Binh Thuan province
http://wn.com/Binh_Thuan_province -
Bishkek
http://wn.com/Bishkek -
Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei -
Buon Ma Thuot
http://wn.com/Buon_Ma_Thuot -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
http://wn.com/Burma -
Ca Mau province
http://wn.com/Ca_Mau_province -
Cam Ranh
Cam Ranh is a town in southern Khanh Hoa Province, in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is the second-largest in the province, after Nha Trang. It is located on Cam Ranh Bay.
http://wn.com/Cam_Ranh -
Cambodia
http://wn.com/Cambodia -
Cau Giay
http://wn.com/Cau_Giay -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
City of Singapore
http://wn.com/City_of_Singapore -
Co Loa Citadel
http://wn.com/Co_Loa_Citadel -
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Cần Thơ
http://wn.com/Cần_Thơ -
Da Nang
http://wn.com/Da_Nang -
Dak Lak province
http://wn.com/Dak_Lak_province -
Damascus
http://wn.com/Damascus -
Dhaka
http://wn.com/Dhaka -
Dien Bien Phu
http://wn.com/Dien_Bien_Phu -
Dien Bien province
http://wn.com/Dien_Bien_province -
Dili
http://wn.com/Dili -
Doha
Doha (, ' or ', literally: "the big tree") is the capital city of the state of Qatar. Located on the Persian Gulf, it had a population of 998,651 in 2008, and is also one of the municipalities of Qatar. Doha is Qatar's largest city, with over 80% of the nation's population residing in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and is also the economic centre of the country.
http://wn.com/Doha -
Dong Da
http://wn.com/Dong_Da -
Dong Da District
http://wn.com/Dong_Da_District -
Dong Ha
http://wn.com/Dong_Ha -
Dong Nai province
http://wn.com/Dong_Nai_province -
Dong Thap province
http://wn.com/Dong_Thap_province -
Dushanbe
Dushanbe (, Dushanbe; Dyushambe until 1929, Stalinabad until 1961), population 679,400 people (2008 est.), is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. Dushanbe means "Monday" in Tajik, and the name reflects the fact that the city grew on the site of a village that originally was a popular Monday marketplace.
http://wn.com/Dushanbe -
East Timor
http://wn.com/East_Timor -
Flag Tower of Hanoi
The Flag Tower of Hanoi () is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is one of the symbols of the city and part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. Its height is 33.4 m (41 m with the flag).
http://wn.com/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country) -
Gia Lai province
http://wn.com/Gia_Lai_province -
Ha Nam province
http://wn.com/Ha_Nam_province -
Ha Tay
http://wn.com/Ha_Tay -
Ha Tay Province
http://wn.com/Ha_Tay_Province -
Ha Tinh
http://wn.com/Ha_Tinh -
Ha Tinh province
http://wn.com/Ha_Tinh_province -
Hai Duong province
http://wn.com/Hai_Duong_province -
Hai Phong
Hai Phong (occasionally Haiphong, , ; meaning "Coastal Defence") is the third most populous city in Vietnam.
http://wn.com/Hai_Phong -
Hanoi
http://wn.com/Hanoi -
Hanoi Hilton
The Hoa Lo Prison (), later sarcastically known to American prisoners of war as the "Hanoi Hilton", was a prison used by the French colonists in Vietnam for political prisoners and later by North Vietnam for prisoners of war during the Vietnam War.
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Hilton -
Hau Giang province
http://wn.com/Hau_Giang_province -
Ho Chi Minh City
http://wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh_City -
Ho Chi Minh Museum
The Ho Chi Minh Museum is located in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is a museum dedicated to the late Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh and Vietnam's revolutionary struggle against foreign powers. It was constructed in the 1990s.
http://wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh_Museum -
Hoa Binh province
http://wn.com/Hoa_Binh_province -
Hoai Duc
http://wn.com/Hoai_Duc -
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Hung Yen province
http://wn.com/Hung_Yen_province -
Huế
http://wn.com/Huế -
Hà Đông
http://wn.com/Hà_Đông -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Iraq
Iraq ( or , Arabic: ), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic:
http://wn.com/Iraq -
Isfahan
http://wn.com/Isfahan -
Islamabad
http://wn.com/Islamabad -
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Jakarta
Jakarta (; Indonesian: ), officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The metropolitan area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".
http://wn.com/Jakarta -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem -
Jordan
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Jordan -
Kabul
http://wn.com/Kabul -
Kathmandu
Kathmandu (, pronounced: ; ) is the capital and largest metropolitan city of Nepal. The city is the urban core of the Kathmandu Valley in the Himalayas, which also contains two sister cities namely Patan or Lalitpur, to its southeast (an ancient city of fine arts and crafts) and Bhaktapur, to its east (city of devotees). It is also acronymed as 'KTM' and named 'tri-city'. Kathmandu valley is only slightly smaller than Singapore in terms of area.
http://wn.com/Kathmandu -
Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan -
Khanh Hoa province
http://wn.com/Khanh_Hoa_province -
Kon Tum
Kontum or Kon Tum is the capital town of Kon Tum Province in Vietnam. It is located inland in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam, near the borders with Laos and Cambodia.
http://wn.com/Kon_Tum -
Kon Tum province
http://wn.com/Kon_Tum_province -
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (translated as: "muddy confluence," "muddy estuary," and "muddy city"; in English; Malay , locally or even , and often abbreviated as K.L.) is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy.
http://wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur -
Kuwait
The State of Kuwait (, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab nation situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south, and Iraq to the north. It lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress built near water. The emirate covers an area of 17,820 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 2.7 million.
http://wn.com/Kuwait -
Kuwait City
http://wn.com/Kuwait_City -
Lam Dong province
http://wn.com/Lam_Dong_province -
Lao Cai
http://wn.com/Lao_Cai -
Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
http://wn.com/Laos -
Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon -
Liu Song Dynasty
http://wn.com/Liu_Song_Dynasty -
Long An province
http://wn.com/Long_An_province -
Long Bien Bridge
Long Bien Bridge () is a historic cantilever bridge across the Red River that connects two parts of the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. It was originally called Paul Doumer Bridge.
http://wn.com/Long_Bien_Bridge -
Long Xuyen
http://wn.com/Long_Xuyen -
Lương Sơn District
http://wn.com/Lương_Sơn_District -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Manama
http://wn.com/Manama -
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty (; ), or Empire of the Great Ming (, also anachronistically ), was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Hans. Although the Ming capital Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng who established the Shun Dynasty, which was soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, regimes loyal to the Ming throne (collectively called the Southern Ming Dynasty) survived until 1662.
http://wn.com/Ming_Dynasty -
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
http://wn.com/Mongolia -
Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
http://wn.com/Moscow -
Muscat, Oman
http://wn.com/Muscat_Oman -
Nam Dinh province
http://wn.com/Nam_Dinh_province -
Naypyidaw
Naypyidaw (, officially spelled Nay Pyi Taw and Naypyitaw; ) is the capital of Myanmar, also known as Burma. It is administered as a Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution. On 6 November 2005, the administrative capital of Burma was officially moved to a greenfield site west of Pyinmana, and approximately north of Yangon (Rangoon), the previous capital. The capital's official name was announced on 27 March 2006, Burmese Armed Forces Day. Much of the city is still under construction, which is set to be completed by around 2012. As of 2009, the population was 925,000, which makes it Burma's third largest city, behind Yangon and Mandalay.
http://wn.com/Naypyidaw -
New Delhi
http://wn.com/New_Delhi -
Nghe An province
http://wn.com/Nghe_An_province -
Nguyen dynasty
http://wn.com/Nguyen_dynasty -
Nguyễn Dynasty
http://wn.com/Nguyễn_Dynasty -
Nha Trang
http://wn.com/Nha_Trang -
Nicosia
: For the Italian town, see: Nicosia, Sicily. Also see: Nicosia (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Nicosia -
Ninh Binh
http://wn.com/Ninh_Binh -
Ninh Thuan province
http://wn.com/Ninh_Thuan_province -
North Korea
http://wn.com/North_Korea -
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, also called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (), was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout the country.
http://wn.com/North_Vietnam -
Oman
Oman (pronounced ; '), officially the Sultanate of Oman''' ( ), is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The country also contains Madha and Musandam, two exclaves on the Gulf of Oman, south of the Strait of Hormuz and surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on the land side.
http://wn.com/Oman -
One Pillar Pagoda
http://wn.com/One_Pillar_Pagoda -
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
http://wn.com/Papua_New_Guinea -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Phnom Penh
http://wn.com/Phnom_Penh -
Phu Yen province
http://wn.com/Phu_Yen_province -
Phuc Tho District
http://wn.com/Phuc_Tho_District -
Pleiku
Pleiku is a town in central Vietnam, located in that nation's central highland region. It is the capital of the Gia Lai Province; it is inhabited primarily by the Bahnar and Jarai ethnic groups, sometimes known as the Montagnards or Degar.
http://wn.com/Pleiku -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Port Moresby
Port Moresby (), or Pot Mosbi in Tok Pisin, is the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is located on the shores of the Gulf of Papua, on the southeastern coast of the island of New Guinea. In 2000 it had a population of 254,158. As of 2009 it has a population of 307,643, giving it an annual growth rate of 2.1% over a nine year period.
http://wn.com/Port_Moresby -
Putrajaya
http://wn.com/Putrajaya -
Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, literally: "Flat Land") is the capital of North Korea, located on the Taedong River. According to preliminary results from the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,388.
http://wn.com/Pyongyang -
Qatar
Qatar ( ; ; local pronunciation: ), also known as the State of Qatar or locally , is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise, the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island nation of Bahrain.
http://wn.com/Qatar -
Quang Binh province
http://wn.com/Quang_Binh_province -
Quang Nam province
http://wn.com/Quang_Nam_province -
Quang Tri province
http://wn.com/Quang_Tri_province -
Ramallah
http://wn.com/Ramallah -
Red River (Vietnam)
http://wn.com/Red_River_(Vietnam) -
Riyadh
http://wn.com/Riyadh -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Sana'a
http://wn.com/Sana'a -
Saudi Arabia
http://wn.com/Saudi_Arabia -
Seoul
{{Infobox settlement
http://wn.com/Seoul -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Soc Son
http://wn.com/Soc_Son -
Soc Trang province
http://wn.com/Soc_Trang_province -
Son La province
http://wn.com/Son_La_province -
South Central Coast
http://wn.com/South_Central_Coast -
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea -
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
http://wn.com/Sri_Lanka -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Syria -
Sơn Tây
http://wn.com/Sơn_Tây -
Taipei
http://wn.com/Taipei -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Tajikistan
Tajikistan ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (, Jumhurii Tojikiston; , Respublika Tadzhikistan; Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east. Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan and the Gilgit-Baltistan region, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.
http://wn.com/Tajikistan -
Tan An, Long An
http://wn.com/Tan_An_Long_An -
Tashkent
Tashkent (; , literally "Stone City") is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was 2.1 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.
http://wn.com/Tashkent -
Tay Ho
http://wn.com/Tay_Ho -
Tay Ninh province
http://wn.com/Tay_Ninh_province -
Tbilisi
http://wn.com/Tbilisi -
Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran -
Thai Binh City
http://wn.com/Thai_Binh_City -
Thai Binh province
http://wn.com/Thai_Binh_province -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Thanh Hoa
http://wn.com/Thanh_Hoa -
Thanh Hoa province
http://wn.com/Thanh_Hoa_province -
Thanh Hóa
http://wn.com/Thanh_Hóa -
Thimphu
http://wn.com/Thimphu -
Tien Giang province
http://wn.com/Tien_Giang_province -
Tokyo
http://wn.com/Tokyo -
Tra Vinh province
http://wn.com/Tra_Vinh_province -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Turkmenistan
The Turkmenistan (), also known as Turkmenia () is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
http://wn.com/Turkmenistan -
Turtle Tower
Turtle Tower (), also called Tortoise Tower is a small tower in the middle of Sword Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam.
http://wn.com/Turtle_Tower -
Tuy Hoa
http://wn.com/Tuy_Hoa -
Tuyen Quang
Tuyen Quang is a town in Vietnam, the capital of Tuyen Quang Province.
http://wn.com/Tuyen_Quang -
Ulan Bator
http://wn.com/Ulan_Bator -
United Arab Emirates
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates -
Uzbekistan
http://wn.com/Uzbekistan -
Vientiane
http://wn.com/Vientiane -
Viet Duc Hospital
Viet Duc Hospital (aka. Viet Duc University Hospital, , literally "Vietnam - Germany Hospital") is the largest surgical center of Vietnam, situated at Trang Thi Street, Hanoi.
http://wn.com/Viet_Duc_Hospital -
Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
http://wn.com/Vietnam -
Vinh
http://wn.com/Vinh -
Vinh Long
http://wn.com/Vinh_Long -
Vinh Long province
http://wn.com/Vinh_Long_province -
Vinh Phuc province
http://wn.com/Vinh_Phuc_province -
Vung Tau
http://wn.com/Vung_Tau -
Vĩnh Phúc Province
http://wn.com/Vĩnh_Phúc_Province -
Warsaw
Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
http://wn.com/Warsaw -
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen -
Yen Bai province
http://wn.com/Yen_Bai_province -
Yerevan
Yerevan (, ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia.
http://wn.com/Yerevan -
Đồng Xuân
http://wn.com/Đồng_Xuân
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Ba Trieu
http://wn.com/Ba_Trieu -
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Ciputra
Ciputra (born 1931) is an Indonesian businessman who owns Ciputra Development, a property companies in Indonesia, and Ciputra Group. Ciputra was the 30th richest Indonesian according to GlobeAsia Magazine, with a total of US$350 million. He is also the 8th biggest philanthropist in Indonesia.
http://wn.com/Ciputra -
Ho Chi Minh
http://wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh -
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Le Duc Tho
http://wn.com/Le_Duc_Tho -
Ly Thai To
http://wn.com/Ly_Thai_To -
Lê Lợi
http://wn.com/Lê_Lợi -
Lý Thái Tổ
http://wn.com/Lý_Thái_Tổ -
Minh Mạng
http://wn.com/Minh_Mạng -
Pham Hung
http://wn.com/Pham_Hung -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Vietnam War
http://wn.com/Vietnam_War
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Hanoi: Lonely Planet Travel Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Explore the tastes and sounds of Hanoi, Vietnam. The city has a strong village feel despite its French legacy of grand boulevards. The traffic can be crazy - with over a million motorbikes and no pedestrian crossings. The only way to cross the road here is to step right out into the middle of it all- but go slowly! Produced by Lonely Planet TV
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Lonely_Planet_Travel_Video
Hanoi, Vietnam Travel Video Guide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Hanoi has a 1000 year history as a city. It has been invaded by the Chinese, French and Japanese. The French Colonial period in particular has had a noticeable influence on the aesthetics of the City. I visit a Bia Hoi Bar where I find relief from the constant rush and din. Lan, a student in International Relations, gives me a half day tour of Hanoi. We visit the flower market, watch people exercise around Hoan Kiem Lake, and visit Lan's favorite restaurant, Hai Vuong Quan. Music - dj marky mark featuring trad Klong put loop from Discovery Sound www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Hanoi,_Vietnam_Travel_Video_Guide
Vietnam Trip - Hanoi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Todd and Darlene's Vietnam Trip - Hanoi Part 2 of 14
http://wn.com/Vietnam_Trip_Hanoi
Hanoi-Vietnam.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
tourvideos.com Capital of Vietnam, Hanoi has a most interesting "Old Quarter" we explore in this brief visit.
http://wn.com/Hanoi-Vietnammov
Vietnam by Train (1): Hanoi - Huè
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:44
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Train trip from Northern to central Vietnam from the capital Hanoi to the former capital Huè; which is the "imperial city" with an interesting citadel. PART 2: KLICK HERE: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Vietnam_by_Train_1_Hanoi_Huè
Hanoi Street Food - Mouthwatering Vietnamese Dishes on the Streets of Hanoi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Visit: migrationology.com for more street food and travel tips. Migration Mark takes to the streets of Hanoi to eat a few of the most sought after Vietnamese street food delicacies. In Hanoi he samples the signature pho soup noodles, xoi xeo glutinous rice and handful of other tasty dishes. Hanoi street food is always exciting, delicious and cheap!
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Street_Food_Mouthwatering_Vietnamese_Dishes_on_the_Streets_of_Hanoi
Vietnam Airlines : Business Class Da Nang to Hanoi 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:21
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/Vietnam_Airlines_Business_Class_Da_Nang_to_Hanoi_2009
Hanoi, Vietnam (2012) : THE CITY #01
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Place : Hanoi, Vietnam Year : 2012 Maker : Minoru Koide Camera: Lumix DMC-GH1 Lens: M ZUIKO ED 9-18/4-5.6, LEICA DG 25/1.4 Music: "Tout Seul" by Paul Mottram This movie is one of "THE CITY" project which launched in 2012. Hold a emotion, overlook a city, and cinematize it ! "THE CITY" Article [in Japanese] sisyphe.blog90.fc2.com
http://wn.com/Hanoi,_Vietnam_2012_THE_CITY_01
Petey Majik - In Hanoi Vietnam Short Film 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
The full cut of a look into a 2 day session with Petey Majik out in Hanoi where he wonders the streets a little and adds a little Magic into the locals hearts. As well as engaging in the Mercedes Benz Driving Experience 2012 Vietnam. Be sure to follow Petey Majik on FaceBook and get updates to his teach-a-trick segments. Learn it and amaze your friends. www.facebook.com Crew members on this Project: Petey Majik Longy Hoang Brendon Marshall Big Dane.
http://wn.com/Petey_Majik_In_Hanoi_Vietnam_Short_Film_2012
Hanoi to Cat Ba via Haiphong HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
www.rustycompass.com We travel by train, boat and bus to Cat Ba town on Cat Ba Island - the largest island in Halong Bay, Vietnam.
http://wn.com/Hanoi_to_Cat_Ba_via_Haiphong_HD
Location TV: Hanoi - The Boutiques at Hotel Metrople & BCBG Max Azria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
This Location TV episode is about the best shopping district around the Hotel Metropole as well as an interview with the General Manager of BCBG Max Azria Vietnam. The former episodes were about the latest developmnets in Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires. The next episode will be about hottest places in Milan. Enjoy this broadcast and do not hesitate to contact us if you want to lease or rent out a retail premise in a prime location.
http://wn.com/Location_TV_Hanoi_The_Boutiques_at_Hotel_Metrople_BCBG_Max_Azria
VLOG Days 19, 20 & 21 - Sapa, Hanoi and GASTRO!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:18
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
Urgh, not fun.... Hand held filming done on the Nikon D800E, 24-70mm & Tamron 10-24mm lens. D800 - goo.gl (Adorama: goo.gl Nikon 24-70mm f2.8: goo.gl (Adorama: goo.gl Amazon: goo.gl ) Tamron 10-24: goo.gl (Adorama: goo.gl Amazon: goo.gl ) Check them out! I support buying local. In Australia please check out digital camera warehouse. Get involved: twitter.com www.thatnikonguy.com https
http://wn.com/VLOG_Days_19,_20_21_Sapa,_Hanoi_and_GASTRO!
Hanoi Vietnam Old Quarter City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Hanoi Vietnam Old Quarter City - Check Out: DavidSigouin.com - More Videos, pictures and crazy other things. Hanoi city in Vietnam. The Old Quarter city. Vacation travelling Hanoi in Vietnam. Nice hotels and old Vietnamese city. Vietnam 2012.
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Vietnam_Old_Quarter_City
VN_"THE NORTH OF VIET NAM & HANOI TODAY"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
TRAVAL ALONG THE NORTH OF VIETNAM WITH THE HA LONG BAY ; THE ANCIENT PALACE; PAGODA AND HA NOI CITY.... _VN VIETNAM VIET NAM VIETNAMESE CHINA JAPAN KOREA USA US AMERICA CANADA FRANCE SINGAPORE AUSTRALIA RUSSIA ITALY BRAZIL AO
http://wn.com/VN_THE_NORTH_OF_VIET_NAM_HANOI_TODAY
Hanoi Update - Fresh Chicken
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
Cleveland third grader living in Hanoi explains how and where to buy fresh chicken.
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Update_Fresh_Chicken
Sh*t Expats in Hanoi Say
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
A Parody by Ashley & Anemi
http://wn.com/Sh*t_Expats_in_Hanoi_Say
TigerTranslate HANOI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
The great Tiger Translate Team have done it again! Another top event, this time in the ancient city of Hanoi. Tiger Translate takes great care in matching Arists and Creators from East and West in a dynamic balance of art. This is a celebration of the modern artforms.
http://wn.com/TigerTranslate_HANOI
Vietnam (part 1) - Ha Noi, Ha Long Bay, Cat Ba, Hai Phong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:18
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
This is a video that I made using some of the pictures I shot during my trip to Vietnam (November 2010). I've been to some place in the North and then, after visiting Ha Noi, Ha Log Bay, Cat Ba island, Hai Phong, Bac Ha and Sa Pa, I went to Hoi An (in the central Vietnam) and to Ho Chi Minh city and Tay Ninh (in the South). Here you will see the pictures from the capital Ha Noi (and from some places in the surroundings), from Ha Long bay and Cat Ba island and bay and from Hai Phong. The other pictures from my trip will be available in "Vietnam - part 2" and "Vietnam - part 3" videos, which will be coming soon. I made my photos with my Nokia N85 mobile phone and with a Nikon D60 camera. My new album, "Thinking Of You", is now on iTunes. You can hear a preview and download the single tracks or the whole album clicking on itunes.apple.com Visit my website www.febomusic.com , too, to know more about me, my music and my travels! The main places you will see in this video are : Ha Noi and surrounding areas: - Hoan Kiem lake area (00:10 -- 00:57) - Van Mieu temple of Literature (00:58 -- 1:43) - Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum's area (including one-pillar pagoda, Presidential Palace, Ho Chi Minh's house) (1:48 -- 2:30) - Huong River (Perfumes river), Huong pagoda (Perfumes pagoda) (3:33 -- 5:18) - But Thap pagoda (5:47 -- 6:23) - Hoa Lo prison (Ha Noi Hilton) (6:32 -- 6:54) - Hoan Kiem lake (6:55 -- 6:58) - Vietnam Museum of Ethnology (7:34 -- 8:27) - St. Joseph's cathedral (Nha Tho Lon ...
http://wn.com/Vietnam_part_1_Ha_Noi,_Ha_Long_Bay,_Cat_Ba,_Hai_Phong
China's new missile brigade marks Hanoi as target
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
China has set up a new missile brigade in its southern province of Guangdong as part of a "shock and awe" strategy to deter other countries with claims to the South China Sea from challenging its dominance in the region. Citing sources familiar with the matter, the United Daily News said the new 827 Ballistic Missile Brigade is based in Guangdong's Shaoguan City. While the brigade's administrative building was still under construction at the end of March, missile launch vehicles had been posted at the Shaoguan base. Missiles installed at the base might include Dongfeng (DF)-21D anti-ship ballistic missiles and Dongfeng-16 -- a new type of ballistic missile that has a longer range than anything in China's current cross-Taiwan Strait arsenal. Judging from Shaoguan's geographic location, they said, the 827 Missile Brigade is apparently charged with the mission of intimidating Taiwan and countries bordering the South China Sea. For instance, Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, is less than 1000 km away from Shaoguan. If a conflict breaks out between China and Vietnam over their conflicting claims to the South China Sea island groups, the 827 Missile Brigade could include Hanoi as a target.
http://wn.com/China's_new_missile_brigade_marks_Hanoi_as_target
Hanoi Timelapse (Joysticker - All in my head)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
I live in Hanoi, Vietnam and this was my excuse to visit a lot of rooftop bars. Download the song in the video for free at www.joysticker.eu Camera used is a Casio-EX-FH20 compact camera. Some locations you see are - Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower - Westlake filmed from the Sunset Westlake Hanoi Hotel - Westlake filmed from the Sofitel Plaza Hanoi - Long Bien Bridge on the Red river filmed from the Royal Club - Roundabout near BigC from Viglacera tower - Kim Mã from Daewoo hotel/rooftop bar - The Zoo(Vườn Thú) from the Daewoo hotel - City View/Highlands coffee from Illy Cafe - Van Cao street from the Posh bar - Aerobics on Lý Thái Tổ Park/statue - Long Bien Busstation - Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum/Ba Dinh Square - Ferris wheel on Westlake Water Park - Ham kim lien Bridge - Hanoi Opera House/Hilton Hanoi Opera hotel - Long Bien Bridge and Chuong Duong Bridge on the red river Music by Joysticker: www.myspace.com
http://wn.com/Hanoi_Timelapse_Joysticker_All_in_my_head
Hanoi 2012. Old Quarter + Snake Dinner. Viet Kieu HD SoJournaling Vietnam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:39
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
www.KyleLe.net John and I traveled to North Vietnam during Tet to check out the Old Quarter and to eat snakes and bun cha. Everything was a little disappointing but Hanoi has it's own charms. My second trip to Vietnam's capital will probably be my last. Travelogue Travel Blog Bun Cha Le Mat Snake Village Noi Be Airport Du Lich
http://wn.com/Hanoi_2012_Old_Quarter_+_Snake_Dinner_Viet_Kieu_HD_SoJournaling_Vietnam
Bunker discovery a reminder of Hanoi's wartime past
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
The discovery of a bunker which sheltered Jane Fonda and Joan Baez helps keep the memories of the war alive in Vietnam's capital Hanoi. Duration: 01:35
http://wn.com/Bunker_discovery_a_reminder_of_Hanoi's_wartime_past
![Psycho Cyclo City Tours -[Hue - Hanoi, Vietnam]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121109150108im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/-92K35bpf0c/default.jpg "Psycho Cyclo City Tours -[Hue - Hanoi, Vietnam]")
Psycho Cyclo City Tours -[Hue - Hanoi, Vietnam]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Cyclo rides through Hue; shoe shopping and ice cream in Hanoi, capital city of Vietnam! Blog: www.heynadine.com Follow Me Twitter- twitter.com Facebook - facebook.com Tumblr - etcnadine.tumblr.com Google + - https Stumbleupon - www.stumbleupon.com Flickr- www.flickr.com Youtube - www.youtube.com Read more about my Contiki Big Indochina Adventure trip at : www.heynadine.com
http://wn.com/Psycho_Cyclo_City_Tours_-_Hue_Hanoi,_Vietnam_
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| Hanoi Thành phố Hà Nội |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — Municipality — | |||
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| Coordinates: 21°2′0″N 105°51′00″E / 21.033333°N 105.85°E / 21.033333; 105.85Coordinates: 21°2′0″N 105°51′00″E / 21.033333°N 105.85°E / 21.033333; 105.85 | |||
| Country |  Vietnam |
||
| Central city | Hanoi | ||
| Founded, Capital of the Đại Việt | 1010 | ||
| Capital of Vietnam | September 2, 1945 | ||
| Demonym | Hanoians | ||
| Government | |||
| • Party's Secretary (Bí thư Thành ủy) | Phạm Quang Nghị | ||
| • People's Council's President (Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhân Dân) | Ngô Thị Doãn Thanh | ||
| • People's Committee's President (Chủ tịch Ủy ban Nhân Dân) | Nguyễn Thế Thảo | ||
| Area | |||
| • Municipality | 3,344.7 km2 (1,291.4 sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 186.22 km2 (71.90 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Municipality | 6,500,000 | ||
| • Rank | 2nd in Vietnam | ||
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | ICT (UTC+7) | ||
| Website | hanoi.gov.vn | ||
Hanoi (Hà Nội; 
listen), is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts,[1] 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction.[2] From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế during the Nguyen dynasty as the capital of Vietnam, but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam.
The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is located at 1,760 km (1,090 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City.
October 2010 officially marked 1000 years since the establishment of the city.
Contents |
History[link]
-
Turtle Tower in Hoan Kiem Lake, in central Hanoi
-
Emperor Lý Thái Tổ made Thăng Long (Hanoi) his capital in the 11th century
-
Colonial Hanoi
-
Modern Hanoi
Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. One of the first known permanent settlements is the Co Loa citadel (Cổ Loa) founded around 200 BC.
Hanoi has had many names throughout history, all of them of Sino-Vietnamese origin. During the Chinese domination of Vietnam, it was known first as Long Biên, then Tống Bình (Chinese: 宋平, Sòngpíng, "Song Peace") and Long Đỗ (Chinese: 龍肚, Lóngdù, "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (Chinese: 大羅, Dàluó, "Big Net").
In 1010, Ly Thai To, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Việt to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thăng Long (昇龍, "Rising Dragon") - a name still used poetically to this day. Thăng Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it was moved to Thanh Hóa, then known as Tây Đô (西都), the "Western Capital". Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都), the "Eastern Capital."
In 1408, the Chinese Ming Dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to "Eastern Gateway" (Chinese: 東關, Dōngguān), Đông Quan in Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi, who later founded the Lê Dynasty and renamed Đông Quan Đông Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. Right after the end of the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北城, "Northern Citadel").
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and moved the capital to Huế, the old name Thăng Long was modified to become Thăng Long (昇隆, "Ascending & Flourishing"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamed it Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. As Hanoï, it became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.
The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940 and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in 1946. After nine years of fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954.
During the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways. These were all, however, promptly repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of a reunified Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on July 2, 1976.
On May 29, 2008, it was decided that Ha Tay Province, Vĩnh Phúc's Mê Linh district and 4 communes of Lương Sơn District, Hoa Binh be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from August 1, 2008.[3] Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29 subdivisions[4] with the new population being 6,232,940.[4], effectively tripling its size. The Hanoi Capital Region (Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội), a metropolitan area covering Hanoi and 6 surrounding provinces under its administration, will have an area of 13,436 square kilometers with a population of 15 million by 2020.[5]
Climate[link]
Hanoi features a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with plentiful precipitation. The city experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, where summers are hot and humid, and winters are, by national standards, relatively cool and dry. Summers, lasting from May to September, are hot and humid, receiving the majority of the annual 1,680 millimetres (66.1 in) of rainfall. The winters are short, relatively dry, and mild, while spring can bring light rains.
| Climate data for Hanoi (1898-2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33 (91) |
34 (93) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
43 (109) |
40 (104) |
40 (104) |
38 (100) |
37 (99) |
36 (97) |
36 (97) |
37 (99) |
43 (109) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
5 (41) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
16 (61) |
21 (70) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
17 (63) |
13 (55) |
6 (43) |
5 (41) |
3 (37) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 18.6 (0.732) |
26.2 (1.031) |
43.8 (1.724) |
90.1 (3.547) |
188.5 (7.421) |
239.9 (9.445) |
288.2 (11.346) |
318.0 (12.52) |
265.4 (10.449) |
130.7 (5.146) |
43.4 (1.709) |
23.4 (0.921) |
1,676.2 (65.992) |
| % humidity | 78 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 82 | 79 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 78.8 |
| Avg. rainy days | 8.4 | 11.3 | 15.0 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 16.7 | 13.7 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 144.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 93 | 56 | 62 | 120 | 186 | 180 | 186 | 186 | 180 | 155 | 150 | 124 | 1,678 |
| Source no. 1: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) [6] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: World Climate Guide [7] | |||||||||||||
Education[link]
Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including: Indochina Medical College (1902) - now Hanoi Medical University, Indochina University (1904) - now Hanoi National University, and École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de L'Indochine (1925) - now Hanoi University of Fine Art.
After the Communist Party took control over Hanoi in 1954 with support from the Soviet Union, many new universities were built, among them, Hanoi University of Technology remains the largest technical university in Vietnam.
Hanoi is the largest centre of education in Vietnam. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in the whole country are living and working in Hanoi.[8] Admissions to undergraduate study are through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open for everyone (who has successfully completed his/her secondary education) in the country. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have started their operation. Thăng Long University, founded in 1988, by some Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France[9] is the first private university in Vietnam.
Because many of Vietnam's major universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces (especially in the northern part of the country) wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrance examination. Such events often take place in June and July, during which a large number of students and their families converge on the city for several weeks around this intense examination period. In recent years, these entrance exams have been centrally coordinated by the Ministry of Education, but passing marks are decided independently by each university.
Although there are state owned kindergartens, there are also many private ventures that serve both local and international needs. Pre-tertiary (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi are generally state run although there are some independent schools. Education is equivalent to the K–12 system in the US, with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and high school from grades 10 to 12.
Landmarks[link]
As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Even when the nation's capital moved to Huế under the Nguyễn Dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. The city hosts more cultural sites than any city in Vietnam,[10] and boasts more than 1,000 years of history, and that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved.[11]
Old Quarter[link]
The Old Quarter, near Hoan Kiem lake, has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specialized in a particular trade, such as silk traders, jewellery, etc. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. A night market (near Đồng Xuân market) in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food.
Some others prominent places are: The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu), site of the oldest university in Vietnam 1010; One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột); Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội). In 2004, a massive part of the 900 year old Hanoi Citadel was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of Ba Dinh Square.[12]
Lakes[link]
A city between the rivers, built from lowland, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and it is sometimes called "city of lakes". Among its lakes, the most famous are Hoan Kiem Lake, West Lake, Halais Lake (Hồ Thiền Quang in Vietnamese), and Bay Mau Lake. Hoan Kiem Lake, also known as Sword Lake, is the historical and cultural center of Hanoi, and is linked to the legend of the magic sword. West Lake (Hồ Tây) is a popular place for people to spend time. It is the largest lake in Hanoi and there are many temples in the area. There are small boats for hire and a floating restaurant.
Colonial Hanoi[link]
File:Bao tang lich su.jpg
National Museum of Vietnamese History
Under French rule, as an administrative centre for the French colony of Indochina, the French colonial architecture style became dominant, many examples remain today: the tree-lined boulevards (e.g. Phan Dinh Phung street) and its many villas and mansions, Grand Opera House, State Bank of Vietnam (formerly The Bank of Indochina), Presidential Palace (formerly Palace of the Governor-General of French Indochina), Saint Joseph Cathedral, and the historic Hotel Metropole. Many of the colonial structures are an eclectic mixture of French and traditional Vietnamese architectural styles, such as the National Museum of Vietnamese History, the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts and the old Indochina Medical College.
Museums[link]
Hanoi is also home to a number of museums:
- National Museum of Vietnamese History
- Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
- Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
- Vietnam Museum of Revolution
- Hanoi Hilton (Hoa Lo Prison)
- Ho Chi Minh Museum
- Contemporary Arts Centre
- Vietnam Military History Museum
- The Hanoi Museum (currently under construction until 2010)
Entertainment[link]
A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. Hanoi has been named as one of the top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Smart Travel Asia.[13] The number of art galleries exhibiting Vietnamese art has dramatically increased in recent years, including galleries such as "Nhat Huy" of Huynh Thong Nhat.
A popular traditional form of entertainment is water puppetry, which is shown for example at the Thăng Long Water Puppet Theatre.
Shopping[link]
With its rapid growth and extremely high population density, several modern shopping centers have been built in Hanoi. Major centers include:
- Trang Tien Plaza, Hoan Kiem District
- Vincom City Towers, Ba Trieu Street, Hai Ba Trung District
- Ruby Plaza, 44 Le Ngoc Han Street, Hai Ba Trung District
- Parkson Department Store, Tây Sơn Street, Viet Tower, Dong Da District
- Big C Thăng Long Supercenter, Cau Giay District
- Metro AG, Tu Liem District
- [[The Garden Shopping Center]], Me Tri - My Dinh, Tu Liem District
- Vincom Shopping Galleries, Vincom Park Place, Hai Ba Trung District
- Ciputra Mall, Ciputra urban area, Tay Ho District (currently under construction)
- Yen So Shopping Mall, Hoang Mai District (currently under construction)
Cuisine[link]
Hanoi has rich food traditions and many of Vietnam's most famous dishes, such as phở, chả cá, bánh cuốn and cốm are thought to come from Hanoi. Perhaps most widely known is Phở, a simple rice noodle soup often eaten as a breakfast dish in the home or at streetside cafes, but also served in restaurants as a meal. Two varieties dominate the Hanoi scene: Phở Bò, containing beef, and Phở Gà, containing chicken.
Hanoi has been selected as one of the top 10 cities for food in the world by Shermans Travel.[14] Vietnam's national dish Phở has been also named as one of the Top5 streetfood in the world by globalpost.[15]
Hanoi has a restaurant about the insect food, in Khuong Thuong village, Hanoi. The most special cuisines at his restaurant are those processed from ant-eggs, in the styles of Thai people or Muong and Tay ethnic people in Vietnam.
Population[link]
Hanoi's population is constantly growing (about 3.5% per year[16]), a reflection of the fact that the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's political centre. This population growth also puts a lot of pressure onto the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back from the early 20th century.
The number of Hanoians who settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small as compared to the overall population of the city. Even in the Old Quarter, where commerce started hundreds years ago and was mostly a family business, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved to live further inside the house, or just moved out of the neighbourhood altogether. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planning economic policies, and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.[citation needed]
Hanoi's telephone numbers have been increased to 8 digits to cope with demand (October 2008). Subscribers telephone numbers have been changed in a haphazard way.
[edit] Transport
Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in the Soc Son District, approximately 40 km (25 mi) north of Hanoi. Noi Bai is the only international airport for the northern regions of Vietnam.
Hanoi will have additionally another international airport, which will cost $8 billion, being the highest foreign investment so far in the history of Vietnam.[17] The construction will be carried out in three stages,the first phase will start in 2011 until 2015.
There are two main highways linking the airport and city. The route to the city via Thăng Long Bridge is more direct than Highway 1, which runs along the outskirts of the city. The main highways are shared by cars, motor scooters, with separate lanes by the side for bicycles. Taxis are plentiful and usually have trip meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from airport to the city centre. Tourists also sometimes tour the city on cyclos especially in the Old Quarter.
Hanoi is also the origin departure point for many Vietnam Railways train routes in the country. The Reunification Express (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City from Hanoi station (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities.
The main means of transport within the city are motorbikes, buses, taxis, and bicycles. Motorbikes remain the most common way to move around the city.[citation needed] Public buses run on many routes and fare can be purchased on the bus. For short trips, "xe ôm" (literally, "hug vehicle") motorcycle taxis are available where the passenger sits at the rear of a motorbike.
Economy[link]
Hanoi has the highest Human Development Index among the cities in Vietnam.[citation needed] According to a recent ranking by PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hanoi will be the fastest growing city in the world in term of GDP growth from 2008 to 2025.[18]
Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19.1 percent from 1991–95, 15.9 percent from 1996–2000, and 20.9 percent during 2001–2003.[citation needed] In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses currently operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007).[19]
Trade is another strong sector of the city. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. The city's export value grew by an average 11.6 percent each year from 1996–2000 and 9.1 percent during 2001–2003.[citation needed] The economic structure also underwent important shifts, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role.
Hanoi's business districts are traditionally Hoan Kiem and the neighborhood; and a newly developing Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh in the southwestern part.
Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly developing real estate market.[20] The metropolis's economy growth does not seem correlative to its infrastructure. Overloading population requires a much larger supply of accommodations, while the constructing celerities of both transport system and new urban areas are too low.[21] Not surprisingly, as an effect of this problem, the apartment and real estate fever occur severely during the time.[22] More widespread, the fever even influences Ha Tay, the neighboring province, considered the future development space of the capital.[23] The current most notable new urban areas are central Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh, My Dinh, the luxurious zones of The Manor and Ciputra.
Agriculture, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques.[citation needed]
Together with economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly being upgraded, with new roads and an improved public transportation system.[citation needed]
Sport centers[link]
There are several gymnasiums and stadiums throughout the city of Ha Noi. The biggest ones are My Dinh National Stadium (Le Duc Tho Boulevard), Quan Ngua Sporting Palace (Van Cao Avenue), Hanoi Water Sport Complex and My Dinh Indoor Athletics Gymnasium. The others include Ha Noi stadium (as known as Hang Day stadium). The third Asian Indoor Games was held at Hanoi in 2009.
Health care and other facilities[link]
Some medical facilities in Hanoi:
- Bach Mai Hospital
- Viet Duc Hospital
- Saint Paul Hospital
- 108 Hospital
- L'Hôpital Français De Hanoï
- International SOS
Districts[link]
Hanoi is divided into 10 inner districts, 1 town and 18 outer districts.[24] ( Hà Đông has been transform to an inner district, and Sơn Tây has been degraded to a town)
| Subdivisions of Hanoi | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provincial Cities/Districts[24] | Wards[24] | Area (km2)[24] | Population[24] | |
| 1 town | ||||
| Sơn Tây | 15 | 113.474 | 181,831 | |
| 10 Urban Districts (Quận) | ||||
| Ba Đình | 14 | 9.224 | 228,352 | |
| Cầu Giấy | 8 | 12.04 | 147,000 | |
| Đống Đa | 21 | 9.96 | 352,000 | |
| Hai Bà Trưng | 20 | 14.6 | 378,000 | |
| Hà Đông | 17 | 47.917 | 198,687 | |
| Hoàn Kiếm | 18 | 5.29 | 178,073 | |
| Hoàng Mai | 14 | 41.04 | 216,277 | |
| Long Biên | 14 | 60.38 | 170,706 | |
| Tây Hồ (West Lake) | 8 | 24 | 115,163 | |
| Thanh Xuân | 11 | 9.11 | 185,000 | |
| Subtotal | 145 | 233.56 | 2,178,258 | |
| 18 Rural Districts (Huyện) | ||||
| Ba Vì | 31 + 1 town | 428.0 | 242,600 (1999) | |
| Chương Mỹ | 30 + 2 towns | 232.9 | 261,000 (1999) | |
| Đan Phượng | 15 + 1 town | 76.8 | 124,900 | |
| Đông Anh | 23 + 1 town | 182.3 | 276,750 | |
| Gia Lâm | 20 + 2 towns | 114.0 | 205,275 | |
| Hoài Đức | 19 + 1 town | 95.3 | 188,800 | |
| Mê Linh | 16 + 2 towns | 141.26 | 187,536 (2008) | |
| Mỹ Đức | 21 + 1 town | 230.0 | 167,700 (1999) | |
| Phú Xuyên | 26 + 2 towns | 171.1 | 181,500 | |
| Phúc Thọ | 25 + 1 town | 113.2 | 154,800 (2001) | |
| Quốc Oai | 20 + 1 town | 136.0 (2001) | 146,700 (2001) | |
| Sóc Sơn | 25 + 1 town | 306.51 | 254,000 | |
| Thạch Thất | 22 + 1 town | 128.1 | 149,000 (2003) | |
| Thanh Oai | 20 + 1 town | 129.6 | 142,600 (1999) | |
| Thanh Trì (Green Ponds) | 15 + 1 town | 98.22 | 241,000 | |
| Thường Tín | 28 + 1 town | 127.7 | 208,000 | |
| Từ Liêm | 15 + 1 town | 75.32 | 240,000 | |
| Ứng Hòa | 28 + 1 town | 183.72 | 193,731 (2005) | |
| Subtotal | 399 + 22 towns | 3,266.186 | 3,872,851 | |
| Total | 559 + 22 towns | 3,344.47 | 6,232,940 | |
International relations[link]
Twin towns and sister cities[link]
Hanoi is twinned with:
Hong Kong
Ankara, Turkey
Warsaw, Poland[25]
Toulouse, France
Bangkok, Thailand
Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Moscow, Russia[26]
Beijing, People's Republic of China
Manila, Philippines
Seoul, South Korea
Phnom Penh, Cambodia[27]
Jakarta, Indonesia
Isfahan, Iran
Gallery[link]
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This section looks like an image gallery. Wikipedia policy discourages galleries of random images of the article subject; please improve or remove the section accordingly, moving freely licensed images to Wikimedia Commons if not already hosted there. |
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Tháp Bút (Pen Tower) with a phrase "Tả thanh thiên" (meaning "Write on the sky") next to Hoàn Kiếm Lake (2007)
-
Presidential Palace, Hanoi (formerly Place of The Governor-General of French Indochina)
-
Vietnam National Convention Center on Pham Hung Boulevard
-
Bacbophu.jpg
State Guest House
-
The cathedral St-Joseph
-
National Museum of Fine Art
-
Park of Reunification (former Lenin park)
-
Hanoi skyline
-
Hanoi Skyline panorama
-
Long Biên Bridge seen from a rural island looking towards the city centre
-
Tran Quoc pagoda
See also[link]
References[link]
- Boudarel, Georges (2002). Hanoi: City Of The Rising Dragon. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.. ISBN 0-7425-1655-5.
- Logan, William S. (2001). Hanoi: Biography of a City. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98014-1.
- ^ General Statítcs Office ò Vietnam
- ^ "Vietnam's Population Soars". balita.ph. http://balita.ph/2009/08/15/vietnams-population-soars-to-85-8-million/.
- ^ "Country files (GNS)". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ a b "Hơn 90% đại biểu Quốc hội tán thành mở rộng Hà Nội". Dantri. http://dantri.com.vn/Sukien/Hon-90-dai-bieu-Quoc-hoi-tan-thanh-mo-rong-Ha-oi/2008/5/234655.vip. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ "VietNamNet - Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội sẽ rộng 13.436km2, gồm 8 tỉnh, TP", vietnamnet.vn.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service - Hanoi". Hydro-Meteorological Service of Vietnam. http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c00308.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ "Hanoi Climate Guide". http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/vietnam/hanoi.php.
- ^ "Hanoi - The capital of Vietnam: Preface". Hanoi City People's Committee. http://www.hanoi.gov.vn/hanoiwebs/en/hanoi_capital/group1/index.htm.
- ^ Viet Nam News (1998-04-09). "Viet Nam News". Vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn. http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=01INN290106. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "The quick look at Hanoi". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/province.asp?mt=844&uid=71.
- ^ "Introduction to Hanoi". The New York Times from Frommer's. November 20, 2006. http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/asia/vietnam/hanoi/frm_hanoi_0197010001.html. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
- ^ Pinkowski, Jennifer (October 16, 2007). "Thăng Long the ancient city underneath Hanoi". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/science/16dig.html?_r=1&ref=world&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
- ^ "Detailed results and winners of the online Smart Travel Asia Best in Travel Poll 2009". Smarttravelasia.com. http://www.smarttravelasia.com/travelpoll.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Top 10 Cities for Foodies[dead link]
- ^ "Best Street Food | Vietnamese Pho | Peruvian Food". Globalpost.com. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/food/100114/best-street-food-vendors. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ VIETNAMNET, Ha Noi, Viet nam. "VietNamNet - Census reports Hanoi population at 3.4 million". English.vietnamnet.vn. http://english.vietnamnet.vn/social/2008/01/765257/. Retrieved 2010-06-18. [dead link]
- ^ Asia Pulse (2010-01-21). "Article » Spain'S Garuda Group To Build Three Airports In Vietnam". AirportBusiness.com. http://www.airportbusiness.com/online/article.jsp?siteSection=1&id=33784&pageNum=3. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are topping the world's highest economic growth cities in 2008-2025". PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2009-11-10. http://www.bbgv.org/download/businessnewsfiles/december/2009_11_10_PwC_Hanoi%20&%20HCMC_top%20positions_economic%20growth_08-25_Final_EN_.pdf.
- ^ "'Tram hoa' doanh nghiep dua no". VnExpress. http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Kinh-doanh/2007/04/3B9F5334/.
- ^ "NLĐO - Bat dong san Ha Noi soi dong ~ Bất động sản Hà Nội sôi động - KINH TẾ - TIÊU DÙNG". http://www.nld.com.vn/tintuc/kinh-te/215457.asp.
- ^ "Hà Nội: Cải tạo, xây dựng chung cư cũ còn rất chậm". vietbao.vn. http://vietbao.vn/Van-hoa/Ha-Noi-Cai-tao-xay-dung-chung-cu-cu-con-rat-cham/45218635/505/.
- ^ "VTC News - Thị trường nhà đất Hà Nội lên cơn sốt mới". http://vtc.vn/kinhdoanh/nhadat/165821/index.htm.
- ^ "Hà Nội: "Hội chứng sốt" đất phía tây! - Ha Noi: "Hoi chung sot" dat phia tay!". LAODONG.COM.VN. http://www.laodong.com.vn/Home/kinhte/2008/1/73165.laodong.
- ^ a b c d e "Cổng giao tiếp điện tử Thành Phố Hà Nội". Hanoi.gov.vn. 2009-06-26. http://www.hanoi.gov.vn/. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie Warszawy - Strona 4". um.warszawa.pl. Biuro Promocji Miasta. 2005-05-04. http://www.um.warszawa.pl/node/2920?page=0,3. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "Hanoi Days in Moscow help sister cities". http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/07/hanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html.
- ^ Sister Cities
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hanoi |
- Official Site of Hanoi Government
- An article in New York Times about Hanoi
- Hanoi - The Vietnam Guide
- NewHanoian.com - Community information with user-created content, interactive maps, and reviews
- Hanoi travel guide from Wikitravel
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http://wn.com/Hanoi
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http://ru.wn.com/Ханой
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http://pt.wn.com/Hanói
http://pl.wn.com/Hanoi
http://hi.wn.com/हनोई
http://it.wn.com/Hanoi
http://id.wn.com/Hanoi
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi
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| Max Azria | |
|---|---|
 Max Azria at the Spring 2009 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week |
|
| Born | (1949-01-01) January 1, 1949 (age 63) Sfax, Tunisia |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Fashion designer |
| Spouse | Lubov Azria |
| Labels | BCBGMAXAZRIA BCBGMAXAZRIA Runway Hervé Léger by Max Azria Max Azria BCBGeneration Miley Cyrus & Max Azria |
Max Azria (born January 1, 1949) is a Tunisian fashion designer who founded the contemporary women's clothing brand BCBGMAXAZRIA. Azria is also the designer, chairman and CEO[1] of BCBGMAXAZRIAGROUP, a global fashion house that encompasses over 20 brands.[2] He is based in Los Angeles.
Contents |
Background[link]
Max Azria was born in Sfax, Tunisia,[3] as the youngest of 6 children. As a child, Max was educated in southeastern France before his family relocated to Paris, France, in 1963.
Career[link]
After 11 years of designing a line of women's apparel in Paris, Azria moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1981[3] and launched Jess, a series of new-concept retail boutiques for women's apparel.
BCBGMAXAZRIA[link]
In 1989, Azria launched BCBGMAXAZRIA,[1] named for the French phrase "bon chic, bon genre," a Parisian slang meaning "good style, good attitude".[1] Azria was credited for offering designer fashion at affordable price points and, as a result, was inducted into the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) in 1998.[4] The BCBGMAXAZRIA Runway collection was first presented at New York Fashion Week in 1996.[5]
Azria also maintains two eponymous designer collections, Max Azria Atelier and Max Azria. Launched in February 2004, Max Azria Atelier[1] is a collection of couture gowns created for celebrity clients and red-carpet events. Sharon Stone,[6] Halle Berry,[7] Fergie[8] and Alicia Keys[8] have worn the label on the red carpet. In February 2006, Azria debuted Max Azria, a ready-to-wear collection with a directional aesthetic, on the runway at New York Fashion Week.[9] During the 2009 awards season, Angelina Jolie wore Max Azria to the 2009 Screen Actors Guild Awards[10] and the 2009 Critics Choice Awards.[11]
Azria acquired the Hervé Léger fashion house in 1998,[4] marking the first time in history that an American designer had acquired a French couturier.[12] In early 2007, Azria relaunched the Hervé Léger label with his own designs, which were quickly embraced by celebrities and trendsetters worldwide.[4] Beyoncé Knowles,[13] Jennifer Lopez,[14] Catherine Zeta-Jones[15] and Kate Winslet[15] are among the celebrities who have worn the label for red carpet events.
In Fall 2008, Max Azria presented BCBGMAXAZRIA Runway, Max Azria and Hervé Léger by Max Azria at New York Fashion Week, marking the first time an American designer produced three major fashion shows during one New York Fashion Week.[16]
Azria launched a young contemporary collection called BCBGeneration in 2008.[17] In June 2009, Azria teamed up with Miley Cyrus to create a line for Walmart called Miley Cyrus & Max Azria.[2] Azria also designed clothing for Cyrus' 2009 American tour.
Company[link]
BCBGMAXAZRIAGROUP is a global fashion house with a portfolio including more than 20 brands.[2] Max Azria is the CEO, chairman and head designer alongside his wife, Lubov Azria, who acts as chief creative officer.[1]
There are currently over 550 BCBGMAXAZRIA boutiques worldwide, including locations in London, Paris, Tokyo and Hong Kong.[1] Azria’s collections are also sold in specialty stores and major department stores across the globe, including Saks Fifth Avenue, Bergdorf Goodman, Lord & Taylor, Bloomingdale’s, Macy’s, the UK’s Harvey Nichols, Hong Kong’s Lane Crawford, Taiwan’s Mitsukoshi and Singapore’s Takashimaya stores.[1]
BCBGMAXAZRIAGROUP campaigns regularly feature notable models, including Eva Herzigova,[18] Karen Elson[19] and Jessica Stam.[20] The company frequently works with internationally renowned photographers such as Patrick Demarchelier,[18] Paolo Roversi and David Sims.[21] BCBGMAXAZRIAGROUP clothing are frequently featured in major fashion publications such as Vogue, InStyle and Vanity Fair.[22] As well as online sites such as Style.com and iFashion Network
Awards and honors[link]
Azria has received many awards throughout his career, including the California Designer of the Year (1995), Atlanta Designer of the Year (1996), The Fashion Performance Award (1997), The Otis Fashion Achievement Award (2000), Hollywood Life’s Breakthrough Award (2004) and The Dallas Fashion Award (2005). Azria also received the Wells Fargo Century Fashion Achievement Award at the 2007 L.A. Fashion Awards[23] and the 2008 Fashion Excellence Award at the 33rd Annual Dallas Fashion Awards.[24] He received the latter in recognition of the successful relaunch of his Hervé Léger brand.
Personal life[link]
Max Azria is married to Lubov Azria, chief creative officer for BCBGMAXAZRIAGROUP.[25] He has six children, including Joyce Azria, who was named creative director of BCBGeneration in 2009.[26] He and his family currently reside in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, California.[27]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g Mustafa, Nadia (Fall 2006). "Bon Business", Time Style & Design, 81.
- ^ a b c Edelson, Sharon (June 3, 2009). "Miley Cyrus, Max Azria Sign Deal To Launch Line", Women's Wear Daily, 12.
- ^ a b Mustafa, Nadia (Fall 2006). "Bon Business", Time Style & Design, 82.
- ^ a b c Baker, Ashley (February 17, 2009). "Loving Max More Than Ever", The Daily, 20.
- ^ [1],Cfda.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ Rubenstein, Hal (May 2006). "The Look of Max Azria Atelier", InStyle, 152
- ^ Souter, Ericka & Dowd, Kathy Ehrich (September 4, 2006). "Red Carpet Ready", People, 119.
- ^ a b Souter, Ericka & Dowd, Kathy Ehrich (September 4, 2006). "Red Carpet Ready", People, 120.
- ^ Decarlo, Lauren (February 2, 2006). "New Name for BCBG Max Azria Collection", Women's Wear Daily,14.
- ^ [2],usmagazine.com, Retrieved on 2009-06-03.
- ^ Scharf, Lindzi.:[3] instyle.com, Retrieved on 2009-06-03
- ^ Avens, Mimi.: [4], Latimes.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [5],InStyle.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [6],Dailymail.co.uk, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ a b Wilcox, Debra.: [7], DailyMail.co.uk, Retrieved on 2009-06-03.
- ^ Garrett, Chanteau.: [8], Teenchicmag.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ Medina, Marcy (January 7, 2008). "BCBG Merges Two Lines to Form BCBGeneration", Women's Wear Daily, 12.
- ^ a b [9], Designscene.net, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [10], Designscene.net, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [11], Nymag.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [12], Showstudio.com, Retrieved on 2010-08-02.
- ^ [13], Bcbgmaxazriagroup.com, Retrieved on 2009-12-08.
- ^ Medina, Marcy (November 1, 2007). "L.A. Fashion Awards Honors Winners", Women's Wear Daily, 14.
- ^ Haber, Holly (October 31, 2008). "Azria Honored at Dallas Fashion Awards", Women's Wear Daily, 11.
- ^ Zelevansky, Nora (August 2007). "Lubov Azria; On Schedule", C Magazine,30.
- ^ [14],Wwd.com, Retrieved on 2010-07-27.
- ^ Heyman, Marshall.:[15] harpersbazaar.com, Retrieved on 2010-07-27
External links[link]
- Official site
- Max Azria designer profile at Fashion Model Directory
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Azria, Max |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1949-01-01 |
| Place of birth | Tunisia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Max_Azria
Related pages:
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http://de.wn.com/Max Azria
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Azria
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Total population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overseas Vietnamese (Vietnamese: Người Việt Hải Ngoại, which literally means "Overseas Vietnamese", or Việt Kiều, a Sino-Vietnamese word literally translating to "Vietnamese sojourner") refers to Vietnamese people living outside Vietnam in a diaspora. Of the about 3 million Overseas Vietnamese, a majority left Vietnam as refugees after 1975 as a result of the Fall of Saigon and the resulting takeover by the Communist regime.
The term "Việt Kiều" is used by people in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to refer to ethnic Vietnamese living outside of the country, and is not a term of self-identification.[26] The Overseas Vietnamese community itself rarely use this for self-identification, instead, most prefer the technically correct term of Người Việt Hải Ngoại (literally translating to Overseas Vietnamese), or occasionally Người Việt Tự Do (Free Vietnamese).
Contents |
Vietnamese worldwide[link]
Overseas Vietnamese can be generally divided into four distinct categories that rarely interact with each other. The first category consists of people who have been living in territories outside of Vietnam prior to 1975; they usually reside in neighboring countries, such as Cambodia, Laos, and China. These people are not usually considered "Việt Kiều" by people residing in Vietnam. During French colonialism, some also migrated to France and some French-speaking areas, such as Québec. The second category, consisting of the vast majority of overseas Vietnamese, are those who escaped Vietnam after 1975 as refugees and their descendants. They usually reside in industrialized countries in North America, Western Europe, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian and Australia. The third category consists of Vietnamese working and studying in the Soviet bloc who opted to stay there after the Soviet collapse. This group is found mainly in Central, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The last category consists of recent economic migrants who work in regional Asian countries such as Taiwan and Japan. They also include women who married men from Taiwan and South Korea through marriage agencies. These brides usually follow their husbands to live in those countries. In Taiwan, Vietnamese economic migrants count about half of overseas Vietnamese there, and the brides cover the rest. There is much social tensions, controversy and criticism about the latter group in Vietnam, saying them being "blinded by money" (of their foreign husband). Many are beaten.[27] Recently a new group of Vietnamese have been emerging. These are naturally born Vietnamese who attended high school and college in the U.S. or other developed nation, or international student, called by natives as "du học sinh". After which they stay in those countries and work and live as permanent residents.
United States[link]
Main article: Vietnamese American
See also: List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese American populations, List of Vietnamese Americans, and Little Saigon
According to the 2010 census, near 1.8 million people who are of Vietnamese origin live in the United States, constituting about a half of all overseas Vietnamese. Out of 1,132,031 people of 25 years old or over, 30.2% doesn't have a high school diploma,21.5% are high school graduate or equivalent, 18.6% got bachelor degree, 22.8% got some college or associate's degree, 6.9% got graduate or professional degree[1]. They tend to live in metropolitan areas in the West, especially in California and Texas. Significant areas where they are well-represented include Orange County, California, San Jose, California, and Houston, Texas. As almost all of them left Vietnam after 1975 to escape the communist Vietnamese government, they are generally antagonistic towards the current government of Vietnam.[28][29]
As of 2010, the Vietnamese American population has grown to near 1.8 million.[1]
Cambodia[link]
Main article: Vietnamese Cambodian
The Vietnamese constitute about 5% of the population of Cambodia<ref="cambodia"/>, and is the largest ethnic minority. Vietnamese people began migrating to Cambodia as early as the 17th century. In 1863, when Cambodia became a French colony, many Vietnamese were brought to Cambodia by the French to work on plantations and occupy civil servant positions. During the Lon Nol Regime (1970–1975) and Pol Pot regime (1975–1979), many of the Vietnamese living in Cambodia were killed. Others were either repatriated or escaped to Vietnam or Thailand. During the ten year Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia from 1979 until 1989 many of the Vietnamese who had previously lived in Cambodia returned. Along with them came friends and relatives. Also, many former South Vietnamese soldiers came to Cambodia fleeing persecution from the communist government.
Many living in Cambodia usually speak Vietnamese as their first language and have introduced the Cao Dai religion with 2 temples built in Cambodia. Many Cambodians learned Vietnamese as a result. They are concentrated in the Kratie and Takeo provinces of Cambodia, where there are villages predominate of ethnic Vietnamese.
Vietnamese people are also the top tourist in Cambodia, with 130,831, up 19 percent as of 2011.[30]
Europe[link]
France[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in France
The number of ethnic Vietnamese living in France is estimated to be around 250,000 as of 2006.
Vietnamese migrants have been coming to the country since the early 20th century due to the colonization of Vietnam by France, but they only started to become visible after the massive influx of refugees after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. Unlike their counterparts in North America or Australia, they have not formed distinct Vietnamese enclaves within the major cities of France (although many Vietnamese-run shops can be found in the Chinatown neighborhood of Paris) and the degree of assimilation is higher than in the United States, Canada or Australia due to better cultural, historical and linguistic knowledge of the host country.
The community is still strongly attached to its homeland while being well-integrated in the French society. As the first generation of Vietnamese refugees continues to hold on to traditional values, the second generation of French-born Vietnamese strongly identifies with the French culture rather than the Vietnamese one and most of them are unable to speak and/or understand the Vietnamese language.[31] The level of integration of immigrants and their place in French society have become prominent issues in France in the past decade, but the majority of the French people views the Vietnamese community in a much better light than other immigrant groups, partially because of their high degree of integration within the French society and their economic as well as academic success. Most of the Vietnamese migrants in France live in Paris and its surrounding areas but a sizable number also reside in the major urban centers in the south-east of the country, primarily Marseille, [Lyon]] and Bordeaux.
Germany[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in Germany
Vietnamese comprise the largest Asian ethnic group in Germany.[32] Today there are between 100.000 and 125.000 people of Vietnamese descent in Germany.[9][10] In western Germany, most Vietnamese arrived in the 1960s or 1970s as refugees from the Vietnam War. The comparatively larger Vietnamese community in eastern Germany traces its origins to assistance agreements between the GDR and the North Vietnamese government. Under these agreements, guest workers from Vietnam were brought to East Germany, where they soon made up the largest immigrant group,[33] and were provided with technical training. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, many stayed in Germany, although they often faced discrimination, especially in the early years following reunification.
Norway[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Main article: Vietnamese Norwegians
Norway has received Vietnamese refugees since 1975. They numbered about 18,300 in 2006 and are considered one of the best integrated non-western immigrant groups in Norway.
Poland[link]
Around 30,000 to 50,000 Vietnamese live in Poland, mostly in big cities.[34] They publish a number of newspapers, both pro- and anti-Communist. The first immigrants were Vietnamese students at Polish universities in the post-World War II era. These numbers increased slightly during the Vietnam War. Most of today's immigrants arrived after 1989.[35]
United Kingdom[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom
Vietnamese residing in the United Kingdom number around 55,000 people, which is fairly low in comparison to other European countries, and goes against the trend of the UK tending to have the largest East and South East Asian diasporas in Europe. In the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher agreed to take quotas of refugees and 12,000 boat people came to Britain[36] There are established Vietnamese communities in Hackney and other parts of London. There are also communities in Birmingham, Manchester and other major UK cities.
Recently, the Vietnamese in Britain had risen to prominence in the British press due to criminal cannabis-growing activities and trafficking or facilitating illegal migrants.[37]
Czech Republic[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic
Many Vietnamese immigrants in the Czech Republic reside in Prague. There is an enclave called "Little Hanoi", named after the capital city Hanoi of Vietnam. Unlike Vietnamese immigrants in Western Europe and the United States, these immigrants were usually communist cadres studying or working abroad who decided to stay after the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The Vietnamese surname Nguyen is even listed as the most common of foreign surnames in the Czech Republic and the 9th most common surname in the country overall.[38]
The number of Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic is estimated at between 40,000[39] and 80,000.[40]
Bulgaria[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, Vietnamese people have lived since the 1960s, but most left in 1991. However, with recent immigrants their number is at around 1,500.[41]
Russia[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in Russia
Vietnamese people in Russia form the 72nd-largest ethnic minority community in Russia according to the 2002 census. The Census estimated their population at only 26,205 individuals, making them one of the smaller groups of Việt Kiều.[42] However, unofficial estimates put their population as high as 100,000 to 150,000.[8][43]
Australia[link]
Main article: Vietnamese Australian
Vietnamese Australians constitute the seventh-largest ethnic group in Australia, with 159,848 the population claiming to been born in Vietnam according to the 2006 Census.[4] Vietnamese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the country, with 194,863 speakers.[44] They vary widely in income and social class levels. Many Vietnamese Australians are upper-class professionals, while others work primarily in blue-collar jobs. Australian-born Vietnamese Australians have a higher than average rate of participation in tertiary education. In 2001 the labor participation rate for Vietnamese-born residents was 61%, only slightly lower than the level for Australian born residents (63%).[45] Over three quarters of Vietnamese-Australians live in New South Wales (40.7%) and Victoria (36.8%). Being mostly refugees after the Vietnam War, they are generally antagonistic toward the government of Vietnam.
The popular surname Nguyễn is the seventh most common family name in Australia[46] (second only to Smith in the Melbourne phone book).[47]
Canada[link]
Main article: Vietnamese Canadian
According to the 2006 census, Canada has 180,130 people who identify as ethnically Vietnamese.[48] They include 83,330 in Ontario, 33,815 in Québec and 25,170 in Alberta. They are similar to Vietnamese Americans in most respects. Some of those lived in Québec before 1975. Vancouver is a major destination for newly arrived Vietnamese immigrants since 1980, including those of Chinese descent since Vancouver has a large Chinese population (see Chinese Canadians).
Philippines[link]
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Many Vietnamese boat refugees who crossed the South China Sea landed in the Philippines after the fall of South Vietnam in 1975. These refugees established a community called Viet-Ville (French for "Viet-Town") in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. At the time, it became the centre of Vietnamese commerce and culture, complete with Vietnamese restaurants, shops, and Catholic churches and Buddhist temples. In the decades that followed however, the Vietnamese population dwindled greatly, with many having emigrated to the United States, Canada, Australia, or Western Europe. Viet-Ville today remains a popular destination for local tourists.
Taiwan[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in Taiwan
Hong Kong[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Main article: Vietnamese people in Hong Kong
Vietnamese migration to Hong Kong began after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, when boat people took to the sea and began fleeing Vietnam in all directions. Those who landed in Hong Kong were placed in refugee camps until they could be resettled in a third country. Eventually, under the Hong Kong government's Comprehensive Plan of Action, newly arriving Vietnamese were classified as either political refugees or economic migrants. Those deemed to be economic migrants would be denied the opportunity for resettlement overseas.[citation needed]
South Korea[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in South Korea
Vietnamese people in South Korea today consist mainly of migrant workers and women introduced to South Korean husbands through marriage agencies.[49][50] There are a small number of Vietnamese people who settled in South Korea before or after 1975. In the 13th century, several thousand Vietnamese fled to Korea following the exile of the Vietnamese Lý Dynasty.[citation needed]
Israel[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
The number of Vietnamese people in Israel is estimated at 200–400. Most of them came to Israel in between 1976 and 1979, after prime minister Menachem Begin authorized their admission to Israel and granted them political asylum. The Vietnamese people living in Israel are Israeli citizens who also serve in the Israel Defense Forces. Today, the majority of the community lives in the Gush Dan area in the center of Israel but also a few dozen Vietnamese-Israelis or Israelis of Vietnamese origin live in Haifa, Jerusalem and Ofakim.
Japan[link]
Main article: Vietnamese people in Japan
26,018 Vietnamese people resided in Japan as of 2004.[51] Some Vietnamese students came to Japan as early as the beginning of the 20th century.[52] However, the majority of the community is composed of refugees admitted in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as a smaller proportion of migrant laborers who began arriving in 1994.[53][54]
French Guyana[link]
New Caledonia[link]
Relations with Vietnam[link]
Relations between overseas Vietnamese populations and the current government of Vietnam traditionally range between polarities of geniality and overt contempt. Generally, overseas Vietnamese residing in North America, Western Europe, and Australia (which represent the vast majority of overseas Vietnamese populations) are virulently opposed to the existing government of Vietnam.[55][56] However, there is a smaller population of overseas Vietnamese residing in Europe (mainly in Central and East Europe) and Asia, most of whom have been sent for training in formerly communist countries. These populations generally maintain positive, or more neutral, relations with the government.[56] Those who left prior to the political exodus of 1975 generally identify their sentiments as somewhere in between the two polarities.[55]
However, relations seem to be improving in recent years. The former South Vietnamese prime minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ returned to Vietnam in 2004 and was generally positive about his experience. Notable expatriate artists have returned to Vietnam to perform (some are met with scorn and boycott by the expatriate community itself after they have done so). Notably, the composer Pham Duy had returned to Ho Chi Minh City (referred to as Saigon by overseas Vietnamese)to live the rest of his life there after living in Midway City, California since 1975. The government in Vietnam used less antagonistic rhetoric to describe those who left the country after 1975. According to the Vietnamese government, while in 1987 only 8,000 overseas Vietnamese returned to Vietnam for visits, that number jumped to 430,000 in 2004.
The Vietnamese government, for its own part, had actively tried to woo back overseas Vietnamese, who bring capital and expertise. Its view of the Việt Kiều changed from "cowardly traitors" to "essential elements of Vietnamese people" (or "integral parts of the Vietnamese Nation"). The government enacted laws to make it easier for overseas Vietnamese to do business in Vietnam, including those allowing them to own land. However, some overseas Vietnamese still complain about discrimination that they face while trying to do business there. The first company in Vietnam to be registered to an Overseas Vietnamese was Highlands Coffee, a successful chain of specialty coffee shops, in 1998.[57]
In June 2007, Vietnamese president Nguyen Minh Triet visited the United States, one of his scheduled stops was within the vicinity Orange County, home of Little Saigon, the largest Vietnamese community outside of Vietnam. Details of his plans were not announced beforehand due to concerns of massive protests. Despite these efforts, a small pro-democracy protest still occurred.[58] Several thousand people protested in Washington, D.C. and Orange County during his visit.[59][60]
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ CIA – The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 2011-05-30.
- ^ Rapport d'information du groupe d'amitié France-Vietnam (mission de novembre 2001). Assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved on 2011-05-30.
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- ^ Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2006 Census). 0.statcan.ca (2009-07-28). Retrieved on 2011-05-30.
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- ^ a b Süddeutsche: Vietnamesen in Deutschland: "Nur Bildung führt weg vom Reisfeld"
- ^ a b Bernd Wolf (2007): The Vietnamese diaspora in Germany; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit
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External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Overseas_Vietnamese
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Вьеткьеу
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
